William 8tallings

Computer Organization
and Architecture
7
th
Edition
Chapter 1
ntroduction
Architecture & Organization 1
- Architecture ( is those attributes visible to
the programmer
-!nstruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, !/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.
-e.g. !s there a multiply instruction?
- Organization is how features are implemented
-The operational units and their interconnections that
realize the architectural specifications (.
-Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
-e.g. !s there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by
repeated addition?
Architecture & Organization 2
- All !ntel x86 family share the same basic
architecture
- The !BN System/370 family share the same the same
basic architecture but with differences in basic architecture but with differences in
organization organization.
- This gives code compatibility (
-At least backwards
- Organization differs between different versions
8tructure & Function
- A computer is a complex system, containing
millions of elementary electronic components.
- A hierarchical ( system
- At each level in the hierarchy, structure and
function are concerned.
- &;90;9 is the way in which components (
relate to each other.
- 50;65 is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure.
Function
- All computer functions are:
- -Data processing Data processing
- -Data storage Data storage
- -Data movement Data movement
- -Control Control
Functional view
55,7,9:8
Operations {1_ Data movement
Operations {2_ 8torage
Operation {3_ Processing from/to storage
Operation {4_
Processing from storage to /O
8tructure - Top Level
Computer
Main
Memory
nput
Output
Systems
nterconnection
Peripherals
Communication
lines
Central
Processing
Unit
Computer Computer Computer Computer
8tructure - The CPU
Computer
Arithmetic
and
Login Unit
Control
Unit
nternal CPU
nterconnection
Registers
CPU
/O
Memory
System
Bus
CPU CPU CPU CPU
8tructure - The Control Unit
CPU
Control
Memory
Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders
Sequencing
Logic
Control
Unit
ALU
Registers
nternal
Bus
ControI Unit ControI Unit ControI Unit ControI Unit
nternet Resources
- Web site for book
- http://williamstallings.com/COA/COA7e.html
-links to sites of interest
-links to sites for courses that use the book
-errata list for book
-information on other books by W. Stallings
- http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html
-Nath
-Howto
-Research resources
-Nisc