chienluocthiTN

Trng THPT L c Ninh
Ngi bin son: Phan Ngc Huy
Tai liu n thi tt nghip -1 Lu y: Tai liu nay dung kem vi v hoc cua hoc sinh
Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy
Trng THPT L c Ninh
TAI LIU NAY TNG HP CAC PHN LY THUYT QUAN TRONG TRONG TING ANH, NHAM MUC ICH GIUP CHO HOC SINH KHI 12 THI TT TT NGHIP VA AI HOC VA LA NN TANG CHO HOC SINH CAC KHI LP 10, 11. TI CHI TOM LC CAC PHN SAU: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. TENSES PASSIVE VOICE INFINITVES AND GERUNDS COMPARISON CONDITIONALS ADJECTIVES OF ATTITUDE RELATIVE CLAUSES REPORTED SPEECH SUBJECT AND VERBS AGREEMENT ADVERBIAL CLAUSES CONECTORS INVERSION COMMON PATTERNS PHU LUC PHAT M VA NHN M
Trng THPT L c Ninh TENSES Thi c coi la phn c ban nht cho ngi hoc ting Anh. Nh no, ngi noi, nghe co th bi t c hanh ng ang din ra thi gian nao . i vi cac em khi 12 (2008), thi cn phai nh va s dung c cac thi sau: Simple present, present progressive, present perfect, present perfect continuous (progressive), simple past, past progressive, past perfect, will, be going to. Trong o, cac thi c bi m va in nghing la nhng thi se c dung ki m tra trc ti p trong thi, con nhng thi con lai se c lng vao cac cu truc mnh khac. Di y la ly thuy t cua cac thi c nu trn:
Present
1) Simple Present
Khi chia ng t thi ny ngi th 3 s t, phi c "s" tn cng v m phi -c c ln. Ex: He walks. Ex: She watches TV N dng din t mt hnh ng th-ng xuyn xy ra hin ti, khng xc nh c th v thi gian, hnh ng lp i lp li c tnh qui lut. Th-ng dng vi mt s cc ph t ch thi gian nh- today, present day, nowadays. c bit n dng vi mt s ph t ch tn sut nh-: always, often, usually, sometimes, rarely, seldom, as a rule, occasionally, frequently, every + thi gian... C u truc: S(I, we, you, they) + V S (she, he, it) + Vs/es Cach oc m s, es cung gi ng nh cach o c s/e strong danh t s nhi u. o la: * n u t n cung danh t la cac ui: p, f, c, g, t, th, ph, chung ta o c la /s/ * n u t n cung la: s, x, dg //, ch //, gh, c(e), sh, , thi chung ta oc la /iz/ * con lai oc la /z/ Trong thi nay, chung ta s dung tr ng t: do, does C u truc: S(I, we, you, they) + do not + V S (she, he, it) + does not + V Vi du: she doesnt watch TV Cu hoi thi chung ta ao tr ng t do, does ln u S, r i them d u hoi phia cu i cu: C u truc: Do + S(I, we, you, they) + V? Does + S (she, he, it) + V ? Tra li ngn gon: Yes, S do/ does No, S dont/doesnt Vi du: does he know her? yes, he does ho c no, he doesnt
2) Present Progressive (be + V-ing)

Dng din t mt hnh ng xy ra vo mt thi im nht nh ca hin ti. Thi im ny -c xc nh c th bng mt s ph t nh- : now, rightnow, at this moment, at this time. Dng thay th cho thi t-ng lai gn, c bit l trong vn ni. c bit l-u nhng ng t bng sau khng -c chia th tip din d bt c thi no khi chng l nhng ng t tnh din t trng thi cm gic ca hot ng tinh thn hoc tnh cht ca s vt, s vic. Nh-ng khi chng quay sang h-ng dng t hnh ng th chng li -c php dng th tip din. know believe hear see smell wish understand hate love like want sound
have
need
Trng THPT L c Ninh appear seem
taste
own
Ex: He has a lot of books. He is having dinner now. (ng t hnh ng: n ti) I think they will come in time I'm thinking of my test tomorrow. (ng t hnh ng: ang ngh v)
3) Present Perfect : Have + Vpp

Dng din t mt hnh ng xy ra t trong qu kh ko di n hin ti v chm dt hin ti, thi dim hnh ng hon ton khng -c xc nh trong cu. Ch mt hnh ng xy ra nhiu ln trong qu kh ko di n hin ti Ex: George has seen this movie three time.
Dng vi 2 gii t SINCE/FOR+time

Dng vi already trong cu khng nh, l-u rng already c th ng ngay sau have v cng c th ng cui cu. Dng vi yet trong cu ph nh, yet th-ng xuyn ng cui cu. Dng vi yet trong cu nghi vn Ex: Have you written your reports yet? Trong mt s tr-ng hp ph nh, yet c th ng ngay sau have nh-ng phi thay i v mt ng php: not mt i v PII tr v dng nguyn th c to. Ex: John has yet to learn the material = John hasn't learnt the material yet. Dng vi now that... (gi y khi m...) Ex: Now that you have passed the TOEFL test successfully, you can apply... Dng vi mt s ph t nh- till now, until now, so far, up to now (cho n gi). Nhng thnh ng ny c th ng u cu hoc cui cu. Ex: So far the problem has not been resolved. Dng vi recently, lately (gn y) nhng thnh ng ny c th ng u hoc cui cu. Ex: I have not seen him recently. Dng vi before ng cui cu. Ex: I have not seen him before. Dung vi its the first/ second time (y la l n u tin, th hai.) this is the first time I have met him. Dung vi all ones life (ca i ai o) he has worked hard all his life. Co th i vi as soon as (ngay khi) the coach will run as soon as he has come. He will go out as soon as he has finished his exercises.
4) Present Perfect Progressive : Have been V-ing

Dng ging ht nh- Present Perfect nh-ng hnh ng khng chn dt hin ti m vn tip tc tip din, th-ng xuyn dng vi since, for + time Phn bit cch dng gia hai thi: Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive Hnh ng chm dt hin ti do Hnh ng vn tip din hin ti, c kh c kt qu r rt. nng lan ti t-ng lai do khng c kt qu r rt. Ex: I've waited you for half an hour (and now I Ex: I've been waiting for you for half an hour stop working because you didn't come). (and now I'm still waiting, hoping that you'll come)
Trng THPT L c Ninh
5) Simple Past: V-ed

Mt s ng t trong ting Anh c c dng Simple Past v Past Perfect bnh th-ng cng nhc bit. Ng-i Anh -a dng Simple past chia bnh th-ng v Vpp c bit lm adj hoc trong dng b ng Ex: To light Lighted/lighted: He lighted the candles in his birthday cake. lit/ lit: From a distance we can see the lit restaurant. N din t mt hnh ng xy ra t im trong qu kh, khng lin quan g ti hin ti, thi dim trong cu -c xc nh r rt bng mt s cc ph t ch thi gian nh- yesterday, at that moment, last + time Lu y: cach oc ui ed: * n u t n cung ng t la nh ng m nh: p, f, k, s, sh, ui ed o c la /t/ * n u t n cung la: t, d, ui ed o c la /id/ * con lai oc la /d/ vi du: wanted, attended worked, stopped, finished, Used to, to be/get used to Used to + Verb: Th-ng hay tng. Ch mt thi quen, mt hnh ng th-ng xuyn xy ra trong qu kh. Ex: When David was young, he used to swim once a day. (past time habit) Nghi vn: Did + S + used to + Verb = Used + S + to + V. Ph nh: S + didn't + used to + Verb = S + used not to + V. To be/ to get used to + V-ing/ Noun: Tr nn quen vi. Ex: He is used to swimming every day. Ex: He got used to American food *L-u : Used to + V c th thay bng would nh-ng t khi v d nhm ln.
6) Past Progresseive: Was/Were + V-ing

N dng din t mt hnh ng ang xy ra vo mt thi im nht nh ca qu kh. Thi dim -c din t c th = ngy, gi. N dng kt hp vi mt simple past thng qua 2 ph t ch thi gian l when v while, ch mt hnh ng ang tip din trong qu kh th mt hnh ng khc chen ngang vo (khi ang... th bng...).
Subject + Simple Past while - Subject + Past Progressive

Ex: Someone hit him on the head while he was walking to his car
Subject + Past Progressive - when - Subject + Simple Past

Ex: He was walking to his car when someone hit him on the head Mnh c when & while c th ng bt k ni no trong cu nh-ng sau when phi l simple past v sau while phi l Past Progressive.
N din t 2 hnh ng ang cng lc xy ra trong qu kh.

Subject + Past Progressive - while - Subject + Past Progressive
Ex: Her husband was reading newspaper while she was preparing dinner. Mnh hnh ng khng c while c th simple past nh-ng t khi v d b nhm ln.
Trng THPT L c Ninh
7) Past Perfect: Had + Vpp

Dng din t mt hnh ng xy ra tr-c mt hnh ng khc trong qu kh, trong cu bao gi cng c 2 hnh ng Dng kt hp vi mt simple past thng qua 2 ph t ch thi gian after v before.
Subject + Simple Past after Subject + Past Perfect Subject + Past Perfect before Subject + Simple Past
L-u Mnh c after & before c th ng u hoc cui cu nh-ng sau after phi l past perfect cn sau before phi l simple past. Before & After c th -c thay bng when m khng s b nhm ln v trong cu bao gi cng c 2 hnh ng, 1 tr-c, 1 sau. Ex: The police came when the robber had gone away.
8) Simple Future: Will/Shall/Can/May + Verb in simple form

Ngy nay ng php hin i, c bit l ng php M chp nhn vic dng will cho tt c cc ngi, cn shall ch dng vi cc ngi I, we trong mt s tr-ng hp nh- sau: -a ra ngh mt cch lch s Ex: Shall I take you coat? Dng mi ng-i khc mt cch lch s: Ex: Shall we go out for lunch? Dng ng gi trong khi mc c, mua bn: Ex: Shall we say : $ 50 Th-ng -c dng vi 1 vn bn mang tnh php qui buc cc bn phi thi hnh iu khon trong vn bn: Ex: All the students shall be responsible for proper execution of the dorm rule Trong ting Anh bnh dn , ng-i ta thay shall = must dng cu ny. N dng din t mt hnh ng s xy ra mt thi im nht nh trong t-ng lai nh-ng khng xc nh c th. Th-ng dng vi mt s ph t ch thi gian nh- tomorrow, next + time, in the future, in future = from now on.
9) Near Future
Din t mt hnh ng s xy ra trong t-ng lai gn, th-ng dng vi cc ph t d-i dng: In a moment (lt na), At 2 o'clock this afternoon.... Ex: We are going to have a reception in a moment N ch 1 vic chc chn s phi xy ra theo nh- d tnh cho d thi gian l t-ng lai xa. Ex: We are going to take a TOEFL test next year. Ngy nay ng-i ta th-ng dng present progressive. BE GOING TO co n c dung a ra li d oan da vao hi n t ng: vi du: according to the weather forecast, it is going to rain tomrrow morning. Look at the black clouds; I think it is going to rain. Nhng ng t sau khng di vi BE GOING TO nhng co nghia tng t : go, come, arrive, leave, fly vi du: I am going to go to school (sai) phai vit: I am going to school (u ng)
Trng THPT L c Ninh BNG TNG HP CC TH Tenses Forms Examples S + V(s/es) + O Do you want to go? Present S + do/ does not + V+ O I usually geet up early simple Do/ Does + S + V? S + is/am/are + Ving + O Where are you going, Tom? Present S + is/am/are + not + Ving + O I am going to the market. progressive Is/Am/Are + S + Ving + O? S + have/has + Vpp + O Have you ever gone to Vinh city Present S + had/has + not + Vpp + O I have not gone to there yet perfect Have/Has + S + Vpp + O? S + have/has + been + Ving + O How long have you been livng here? Present S + have/has + not + Ving + O Sorry, Im late, have you been waiting so perfect Have/Has + S + been + Ving + O? long? progressive I will call the police Future simple S + shall/will + V + O S + shall/will + not + V + O I will fly through Ving city Shall/Will + S + V + O? S + shall/will + be + Ving + O This time tomorrow I will be going to Future S + shall/will + not + be + Ving + O Hanoi progressive Shall/Will + S + be + Ving + O? The engineer says he will have finished Future perfect S + shall/will + have + Vpp + O S + shall/will + not + have + Vpp + O my car by Sunday Shall/Will + S + have + Vpp + O? He will have been teaching English for Future perfect S + shall/will + have + been + Ving + O S + shall/will + not + have + been + Ving + O 20 years progressive Shall/Will + S + have + been + Ving + O? S + is/am/are going to V + O I am going to visit my aut this summer. Near future S + is/am/are + not + going to + V + O Is/Am/Are + S + going to + V + O? S + Ved/II + O Did you feel happy last night? Past simple S + did + not + V + O She didnt understand what I had just Did + S + V + O? said. S + was/were + Ving + O She was not cooking at that time Past S + was/were + not + Ving + O progressive Was/Were + S + Ving + O? S + had + Vpp + O What had you done before you went to Past perfect S + had + not + Vpp + O bed? Had + S + Vpp + O? S + had + been + Ving + O At that time, we had been living in the Past perfect S + had not + been + Ving + O caravan for 6 months progressive Had + S + been + Ving + O?
I.
PASSIVE VOICE
Cu b ng
Ng-i ta dng cu b ng nhn mnh vo tn ng ca cu ch ng. Thi ca ng t cu b ng phi tun theo thi ca ng t cu ch ng. Nu l loi ng t c 2 tn ng, mun nhn mnh vo tn ng no ng-i ta -a tn ng ln lm ch ng nh-ng thng th-ng ch ng hp l ca cu b ng l tn ng gin tip. Ex: I gave you a book = I gave a book to him = He was given a book by me.
Trng THPT L c Ninh Cng thc chung:
t " by + tn ng mi" ng sau tt c cc tn ng khc. Nu sau by l mt i t v nhn x-ng mang ngha ng-i ta: by people, by sb th b hn n i. N u co modal verb, thi gi nguyn, khng i ex: he can give you one dollar. you can be given one dollar (by him) SIMPLE PRESENT OR SIMPLE PAST Am is are +[verb in past participle] was were
Ex: Active: Hurricanes destroy a great deal of property each year. Ex: Passive: A great deal of property is destroyed by hurricanes each year.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE OR PAST PROGRESSIVE Am is are + being + [verb in past participle] was were
Ex: Active: The committee is considering several new proposals. Ex: Passive: Several new proposals are being considered by the committee.
PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST PERFECT Has have + been +[verb in past participle] had
Ex: Active: The company has ordered some new equipment. Ex: Passive: Some new equipment has been ordered by the company.
MODALS modal + been +[verb in past participle]
Ex: Active: The manager should sign these contracts today. Ex: Passive: These contracts should be signed by the manager today.
Cc ni ng t (ng t khng yu cu 1 tn ng no) khng -c dng b ng. Ex: My leg hurts.
Trng THPT L c Ninh c bit khi ch ng chu trch nhim chnh ca hnh ng cng khng -c chuyn thnh cu b ng. Ex: The America takes charge: N-c M nhn lnh trch nhim Nu l ng-i hoc vt trc tip gy ra hnh ng th dng by nh-ng nu l vt gin tip gy ra hnh ng th dng with. Ex: The bird was shot with the gun - The bird was shot by the hunter. Trong mt s tr-ng hp to be/to get + P2 hon ton khng mang ngha b ng m mang 2 ngha: Ch trng thi m ch ng ang trong Ex: Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone. Ex: He got lost in the maze of the town yesterday. Ch vic ch ng t lm ly Ex: The little boy gets dressed very quickly. Ex: Could I give you a hand with these tires.
Ex: No thanks, I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts.

Mi s bin i v thi v th u nhm vo ng t to be, cn phn t 2 gi nguyn. to be made of: -c lm bng ( cp n cht liu lm nn vt) Ex: This table is made of wood to be made from: -c lm ra t ( cp n vic nguyn vt liu b bin i hon ton v trng thi ban u lm nn vt) Ex: Paper is made from wood to be made out of: -c lm bng ( cp n qu trnh lm ra vt) Ex: This cake was made out of flour, butter, sugar, eggs and milk to be made with: -c lm vi ( cp n ch mt trong s nhiu cht liu lm nn vt) Ex: This soup tastes good because it was made a lot of spices. Phn bit thm v cch dng marry v divorce trong 2 th: Ch ng v b ng Khi khng c tn ng th ng-i Anh -a dng get maried v get divorced trong dng informal English.
Ex: Lulu and Joe got maried last week. (informal)

Ex: Lulu and Joe married last week. (formal) Ex: After 3 very unhappy years they got divorced. (informal) Ex: After 3 very unhappy years they dovorced. (formal) Sau marry v divorce l mt tn ng trc tip khng c gii t: To mary / divorce smb Ex: She married a builder. Ex: Andrew is going to divorce Carola To be/ get married/ to smb (gii t to l bt buc)
Ex: She got married to her childhood sweetheart. Ex: He has been married to Louisa for 16 years and he still doesnt understand her.
Xem bang t ng k t sau: Index 1
Trng THPT L c Ninh Tense Simple Progressive Perfect Perfect continuous
Present
am is am Was
Vpp
Am Is are Was
Have being +Vpp Has Had been being Vpp Vpp been Vpp
Vpp Past were Will be Vpp Future Be going to be Vpp Note: were
Will have been Vpp
: not exist the form of the passive voice
ng t gy nguyn nhn
l nhng ng t din t i t-ng th nht gy cho i t-ng th hai mt iu g vi mt s mu cu nh- sau: 1. To have sb do sth = to get sb to do sth = Sai ai, khin ai, bo ai lm g 2. To have/to get sth done = -a ci g i lm Theo khuynh h-ng ny ng t to want v would like cng c th dng vi mu cu nh- vy: To want/ would like sth done. Cu hi dng cho loi mu cu ny l: What do you want done to ? Ex: What do you want done to your car ? I want/ would like it washed 3. To make sb do sth = to force sb to do sth ng sau tn ng ca make cn c th dng 1 tnh t: To make sb/sth + adj Ex: Wearing flowers made her more beautiful. 4. To make sb + P2 = lm cho ai b lm sao Ex: Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday. 5. To cause sth + P2 = lm cho ci g b lm sao Ex: The big thunder storm caused many waterfront houses damaged. Nu tn ng ca make l mt ng t nguyn th th phi t it gia make v tnh t, t ng t ra pha ng sau: make it + adj + V as object. Ex: The wire service made it possible to collect and distribute news faster and cheaper. Tuy nhin nu tn ng ca make l 1 danh t hay 1 ng danh t th khng -c t it gia make v tnh t: Make + adj + noun/ noun phrase. Ex: The wire service made possible much speedier collection and distribution of news.
Tai liu n thi tt nghip - 10 Lu y: Tai liu nay dung kem vi v hoc cua hoc sinh
Trng THPT L c Ninh 6. To let sb do sth = to permit/allow sb to do sth = ai, cho php ai lm g 7. To help sb to do sth/do sth = Gip ai lm g Nu tn ng ca help l mt i t v nhn x-ng mang ngha ng-i ta th khng cn phi nhc n tn ng v b lun c to ca ng t ng saul Ex: This wonder drug will help (people to) recover more quickly. Nu tn ng ca help v tn ng ca ng t sau n trng hp vi nhau, ng-i ta s b tn ng sau help v b lun c to ca ng t ng sau. Ex:The body fat of the bear will help (him to) keep him alive during hibernation.
ng t c bit
l nhng ng t m ng ngha ca chng s thay i i cht khi ng t sau tn ng ca chng cc dng khc nhau. To see/to watch/ to hear sb/sth do sth (hnh ng chng kin t u n cui) Ex: I hear the telephone ring. To see/to watch/ to hear sb/sth doing sth (hnh ng khng chng kin trn vn m ch nht thi) II. INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS y la m t ph n quan tro ng trong ti ng anh cung nh trong thi . Trong cu khng phai khi nao chung ta cung s du ng m t da ng S + V + O, ma nhiu khi phai s du ng cu phc vi nhi u ng t. Thi khi o, chung ta nghi n s dung Infinitve and Gerund i vi kin thc cp III (THPT), thi cac em cn nh: A. INFINITIVE: To Verb (nguyn mu co to) - M t s ng t i trc ti p vi TO VERB Ex: he decided to get married. - M t s c n co tn ng i cung (OBJECT) Ex: I invited Mary to celebrate with us - M t s thi co th va theo sau m t to Verb ho c la m t tn ng Ex: I went there to buy some food. - Sau y la danh sach nhng ng t co th i c vi TO VERB (yu c u ho c thu c) Agree begin plan fail refuse seem Advise tell order urge encourage warn Ask help expect want need would like - i vi cu phu inh vi to V, thi cn NOT trc to V Ex: she told me not to go to class. - M t vai danh t, ho c tinh t cung co th i vi to V Ex: I have the right to eat anything I like. Its a high price to pay = its a high price which we need to pay. Its great to see you Nice to meet you I was wrong to leave. - TO V cung c dung trong m t s c u truc thng dung chi kha nng chung: (xem nhng mu cu thng du ng trong ti ng Anh, quy n 1) Its + adjective + to V Ex: its convenient to eat fast-food. Its difficult to live in a big city. Too + adj/adv + to V Adj/ adv + enough + to V Ex: I am too young to drive. He isnt old enough to go to the army. B. INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO: Nguyn mu khng to
Trng THPT L c Ninh Thng thng trong ti ng anh, nhng ng t chi giac quan va hanhd ng a xong thi i vi ng t khng to. Vi du nh: see, watch, notice, hear, taste, smell... I saw Tom come in the room (Tom a i vao phong) # I saw Tom coming in the room (th yTom ang i vao ) Cac ng t sau: Make Let Help Xem ph n bi ng C. GERUNDS (Ving) - Danh ng t la t ma ong chc nng nh m t danh t. No co th lam chu ng cua cu: Ex: smoking is unhealthy. Eating fast-food makes me sick. - No cung co th lam tn ng cua mt ng t nao o. Ex: he loves eating. He finishes doing his exercises. - No theo sau cac ng t: Admit avoid deny enjoy finish miss practice quit resent suggest understand Va cac thanh ng sau: Its not good/ no use/ not bad + Ving Be/get used to Ving Be accustomed to Ving Look forward to Ving Cant help +Ving Cant stand + Ving Need Ving: = need to be Vpp: c n c lam gi. ... Go swimming, go shopping, go fishing, ... - Lun theo sau gii t. Ex: be fond of, be keen on, be tired of, be bored with, be interested in , be afraid of ... He is bored with working in a store. Note: stop to v/ ving Try to v/ ving Remember to v/ ving Forget to v/ ving Regret to v/ ving Go on to v/ ving Need + Ving = need to be done Cac ng t: allow, recommend, advise, permit + O + to V Trong cu bi ng cung + to V. chi trong cu khng inh khng co tn ng thi + Ving Vi du: they dont allow smoking here. Nhng: they dont allow her to smoke here. She doesnt allowed to amoke here Ch :
1. Present participle: a. Using after to-BE as the progressives I am going to Hanoi this summer. He has been looking for a good job for a long time. She sat in the room, reading a book. (= she was reading) b. Using in restrictive relative clause for omission
The man who was sitting next to you on the train was a famous star. The man sitting next to you on the train was a famous star. The woman who took the umbrella to you was a good one. The woman taking the umbrella to you was a good one. c. Using in the special structures: (senses) see/ watch/ taste/ smell/ notice/ catch/ spend/ waste/ find/ I saw Peter walking in the park. = I saw Peter who was walking in the park.
Trng THPT L c Ninh
2. Perfect gerund: as a perfect tense used after gerunds or a preposition. She accused me that I had not taken care of her children. = she accused me of having not taken care of her children. He had objection that I had made a call without his permission. He had objection to me having made a call without his permission. 3. Perfect participle: = perfect gerund, used to express an action happening before another action. After he had tried many times, he became bored and gave up. Having tried many times, he became bored and gave up.
Cung xem: http://locninh.20.forumer.com/viewtopic.php?p=721#721 III. COMPARISON: so sanh Ph n nay cac em n m c ban la ba da ng so sanh, tinh t bt quy tc, cac trng hp c bit. Co th chim n 2 ho c 3 cu trong . Thng thi d co m t cu da ng: she cook better than her mother does. Luc nay thi cac em phai tim mt cu co nghia nh: her mother doesnt cook as well as she does/ her Ho c: noone is more intelligent than her in the class. she is the most intelligent in the class. Cc dng so snh ca tnh t v ph t 1. So snh bng Cu trc s dng l as .... as
S + V + as + adj/ adv + as + noun/ pronoun
Nu l ph nh, as th nht c th thay bng so (ch d c informal English) Sau as phi l mt i t nhn x-ng ch ng, khng -c l mt tn ng (Li c bn) Ex: He is not as tall as his father. Ex: He is not so tall as his father. Danh t cng c th -c dng so snh trong tr-ng hp ny, nh-ng nn nh tr-c khi so sanh phi m bo rng danh t phi c cc tnh t t-ng -ng. adjectives heavy, light wide, narrow deep, shallow long, short big, small nouns weight width depth length size
S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun
Ex: My house is as high as his.
Trng THPT L c Ninh My house is the same height as his. The same...as >< different from... Ch , trong ting Anh (A-E), different than... cng c th -c dng nu sau chng l mt mnh hon chnh. Tuy nhin tr-ng hp ny khng ph bin v khng -a vo cc bi thi ng php: Ex: His appearance is different from what I have expected. ...than I have expected.(A-E) 2. So snh hn km Trong loi so snh ny ng-i ta chia lm hai dng: tnh t v ph t ngn (c ln ch c mt vn). Tnh t v ph t di (2 vn tr ln). i vi tnh t v ph t ngn ch cn cng ui er. i vi tnh t ngn ch c mt nguyn m kp gia hai ph m tn cng, phi gp i ph m cui trnh thay i cch c. i vi tnh t tn cng l y, -ow, -le, -er, -ure d c 2 vn vn b coi l tnh t ngn v phi i thnh Y-IER (happyhappier; drydrier; prettyprettier), yellow yellower, simple simpler Tr-ng hp c bit: strongstronger; friendlyfriendlier than/ more friendly than. i vi tnh t v ph t di phi dng more/less. Sau THAN phi l i t nhn x-ng ch ng, khng -c l tn ng. Cng thc:
S+V+
adjective_er adverb_er more + adj/adv less + adj/adv
+ THAN + noun/ pronoun
Khi so snh mt ng-i/ mt vt vi tt c nhng ng-i hoc vt khc phi thm else sau anything/anybody... Ex: He is smarter than anybody else in the class. nhn mnh so snh, c th thm much/far tr-c so snh, cng thc:
S + V + far/much + Adj/Adv_er + than + noun/pronoun S + V + far/much + more + Adj/Adv + than + noun/pronoun Ex: Ex:
Harrys watch is far more expensive than mine He speaks English much more rapidly than he does Spanish.
Danh t cng c th dng so snh bng hoc hn km, nh-ng tr-c khi so snh phi xc nh xem l danh t m -c hay khng m -c, v ng tr-c chng c mt s nh ng dng vi 2 loi danh t . Cng thc:
S + V + as + many/much/little/few + noun + as + noun/pronoun S + V + more/fewer/less + noun + than + noun/pronoun Ex: He earns as much money as his father. Ex: February has fewer day than March. Ex: Their jobs allow them less freedom than ours does.
*L-u (quan trng): ng sau as v than ca cc mnh so snh c th loi b ch ng nu n trng hp vi ch ng th nht, c bit l khi ng t sau than v as dng b ng. Lc ny than v as cn c thm chc nng ca mt i t quan h thay th.
Trng THPT L c Ninh
Ex: Their marriage was as stormy as had been expected (Incorrect: as it had been expected). Ex: Anne is going to join us , as was agreed last week (Incorrect: as it was agree last week).
He worries more than was good for him (Incorrect: than it/what is good for him). *Hoc cc tn ng cng c th b loi b sau cc ng t mnh sau THAN v AS: Ex: Dont lose your passport, as I did last year (Incorrect: as I didit last year). Ex: They sent more than I had ordered (Incorrect: than I had ordered it). Ex: She gets her meet from the same butcher as I go to (Incorrect: as I go to him). 3. So snh hp l Khi so snh nn nh: cc mc dng so snh phi t-ng -ng nhau: ng-i-ng-i, vt-vt. Bi vy mc so snh hp l s l: S hu cch Ex: Incorrect: His drawings are as perfect as his instructor. (Cu ny so snh cc bc tranh vi ng-i ch dn) Correct: His drawings are as perfect as his instructors . (instructor's = instructor's drawings) Dng thm that of cho danh t s t: (Cu ny so snh salary vi secretary) Correct: The salary of a professor is higher than that of a secretary. (that of = the salary of) Dng thm those of cho cc danh t s nhiu: Ex: Incorrect: Theduties of a policeman are more dangerous than a teacher . (Cu ny so snh duties vi teacher) Correct: Theduties of a policeman are more dangerous than those of a teacher (those of = the duties of) 4. So snh c bit Adjective or adverb far little much many good well bad badly
Ex: Incorrect: The salary of a professor is higher than a secretary.
Comparative farther further less more better worse
Superlative farthest furthest least most best worst
L-u : farther : dng cho khong cch further : dng cho thng tin hoc mt s tr-ng hp tru t-ng khc Ex: The distance from your house to school is farther than that of mine. Ex: If you want more/further information, please call to the agent. Ex: Next year he will come to the U.S for his further (= more) education 5. So snh a bi T-ng -ng cu trc ting Vit: gp r-i, gp hai... Khng -c s dng so snh hn km m s dng so snh bng, khi so snh phi xc nh danh t l m -c hay khng m -c, v ng tr-c chng c many/much Ex: This encyclopedy costs twice as much as the other one. Ex:Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year.
Trng THPT L c Ninh Ng php hin i ngy nay, c bit l ng php M cho php dng so snh hn km n gp 3 ln tr ln, nh-ng i vi gp 2 hoc 1/2 th tuyt i khng. Cc li ni: twice that many/twice that much = gp i ngn y... ch -c dng trong khu ng, khng -c dng vit. Ex: We have expected 80 people at that rally, but twice that many showned up. (twice as many as that number). 6. So snh kp L loi so snh vi cu trc: Cng... cng... Cc Adj/Adv so snh phi ng u cu, tr-c chng phi c The
The + comparative + S + V + the + comparative + S + V
Ex: The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel. Nu ch mt v c Adj/Adv so snh th v cn li c th dng The more
The more + S + V + the + coparative + S + V
Ex: The more you study, the smarter you will become. Sau The more v th nht c th c that nh-ng khng nht thit. Ex: The more (that) you study, the smarter you will become. Trong tr-ng hp nu c hai v u c thnh ng it is th b chng i Ex: The shorter (it is), the better (it is). Hoc nu c hai v u l to be th b i Ex: The closer to one of the Earths pole (is), the greater the gravitational force (is). Cc thnh ng: all the better (cng tt hn), all the more (cng... hn), not... any the more... (chng... hn... t no), none the more... (chng cht no) dng nhn rt mnh cho cc tnh t hoc ph t -c em ra so snh ng sau. N ch -c dng vi cc tnh t tru t-ng: Ex: Sunday mornings were nice. I enjoyed them all the more because Sue used to come round to breakfast. (cc sng ch nht tri tht p. Ti li cng thch nhng sng ch nht hn nu v Sue th-ng gh qua n sng.) Ex: He didnt seem to beany the worse for his experience. (Anh ta cng kh hn ln v nhng kinh nghim ca mnh.) Ex: He explained it all carefully, but I was still none the wiser. (Anh ta gii thch ton b iu cn thn nh-ng ti vn khng sng ra cht no c.) Cu trc ny tuyt i khng dng cho cc tnh t c th: Ex: Incorrect: Those pills have made him all the slimmer. 7. Cu trc No sooner... than = Va mi ... th ... Ch dng cho thi Qu kh v thi Hin ti, khng dng cho thi T-ng lai. No sooner ng u mt mnh , theo sau n l mt tr ng t o ln tr-c ch ng nhn mnh, than ng u mnh cn li:
No sooner + auxiliary + S + V + than + S + V
Ex: No sooner had we started out for California than it started to rain. (Past) Mt v d thi hin ti (will -c ly sang dng cho hin ti) Ex: No sooner will he arrive than he want to leave.(Present)
Trng THPT L c Ninh Mt cu trc t-ng -ng cu trc ny: No sooner ... than ... = Hardly/Scarely ... when Ex: Scarely had they felt in love each other when they got maried. L-u : No longer ... = not ... anymore = khng ... na, dng theo cu trc:
S + no longer + Positive Verb
8. So snh gia 2 ng-i hoc 2 vt Khi so snh gia 2 ng-i hoc 2 vt, ch -c dng so snh hn km, khng -c dng so snh bc nht, mc d trong mt s dng vn ni v c vn vit vn chp nhn so snh bc nht. (Li c bn). Tr-c adj v adv so snh phi c the, trong cu c thnh ng of the two + noun thnh ng c th ng u hoc cui cu. Ex: Harvey is the smarter of the two boys. Ex: Of the two shirts, this one is the prettier. 8. So snh bc nht Dng khi so snh 3 ng-i hoc 3 vt tr ln: i vi tnh t v ph t ngn dng ui est. i vi tnh t v ph t di dng most hoc least. ng tr-c so snh phi c the. Dng gii t in vi danh t s t. Ex: John is the tallest boy in the family Dng gii t of vi danh t s nhiu Ex: Deana is the shortest of the three sister Do sau thnh ng One of the + so snh bc nht + noun phi m bo chc chn rng noun phi l s nhiu, v ng t phi chia s t. Ex: One of the greatest tennis players in the world is Johnson. Mt s cc tnh t hoc ph t mang tnh tuyt i th cm dng so snh bc nht, hn ch dng so snh hn km, nu buc phi dng th b more: unique/ extreme/ perfect/ supreme/ top/ absolute/Prime/ Primary Ex: His drawings are perfect than mine. preferable to Sb/Sth... = -c -a thch hn... superior to Sb/Sth... = siu vit hn... inferior to Sb/Sth... = h ng hn...
IV. ADJECTIVES OF ATTITUDE Chu im ng phap nay kha quan trong trong , co th chim 1 n 2 cu. Cac tinh t chi thai , trang thai cua ngi va v t thng b t ngu n t ng t , r i chuy n thanh ng t hi n tai phn t (present participle) va qua kh phn t (past participle) Hi n ta i phn t ong chc nng chu ng, danh cho chu th tao ra chinh thai , hanh ng o. Vi du: this film is boring This book is interesting He is amusing because he makes his students funny. Qua kh phn t ong chc nng bi ng, danh cho ngi hoc vt chiu tac ng cua ngi hoc vt khac gy ra. Vi du: I feel bored this film because it is very bad. (b phim d a tac ng cai chan vao ti, khi n ti th y chan)
Trng THPT L c Ninh Im very interested in watching this film because it is very funny . (b phim a tac ng cai hay vao ti) Kinh nghi m: thng thi Ved chi ngi va Ving chi v t. N u th y m t cu ma co them s giai thich cho hanh ng o thi cn chu y, co th no se la cu giai thich cho thai chu hay bi ng. Vi du: He is amusing because he makes his students funny. (ng y a chu ng tac ng cai vui tinh cua ng vao hoc sinh ng. Nn chung ta dung Ving cho ng) Bang tom tt: Vpp Passive Persons Adj Ving Active Things, animals SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT (s hoa h p gia ng t va chu ng)
V.
S ha hp gia ch ng v ng t
Trong mt cu ting Anh, thng th-ng th ch ng ng lin ngay vi ng t v quyt nh vic chia ng t nh-ng khng phi lun lun nh- vy.
1. Cc tr-ng hp Ch ng ng tch khi ng t

Xen vo gia l mt ng gii t (mt gii t m u cng cc danh t theo sau). Cc ng gii t ny khng h c quyt nh g ti vic chia ng t, ng t phi chia theo ch ng chnh. Cc thnh ng bng sau cng vi cc danh t i theo sau n to nn hin t-ng ng ch ng. N s ng xen vo gia ch ng v ng t, tch ra khi gia 2 thnh phn = 2 du phy v khng c nh h-ng g n vic chia ng t.
Ex: The actrees, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight.
Together with along with accompanied by as well as
Nu 2 danh t lm ch ng ni vi nhau bng and th ng t phi chia ngi th 3 s nhiu (they) Nh-ng nu 2 ng Ch ng ni vi nhau bng or th ng t phi chia theo danh t ng sau or. Nu danh t l s t th ng t phi chia ngi th 3 s t v ng-c li.
Ex: The actress or her manager is going to answer the interview.
2. Cc danh t lun i hi cc ng t v i t i theo chng ngi th 3 s t

l cc danh t bng sau (cn gi l cc i t phim ch). any + no + some + singular noun singular noun singular noun anybody nobody somebody anyone no one someone anything nothing something every + singular noun each + singular noun everybody everyone either * everything neither* *Either and neither are singular if thay are not used with or and nor
either (1 trong 2) ch dng cho 2 ng-i hoc 2 vt. Nu 3 ng-i (vt) tr ln phi dng any. neither (khng mt trong hai) ch dng cho 2 ng-i, 2 vt. Nu 3 ng-i tr ln dng not any. Ex: Neither of his chutes opens as he plummets to the ground Ex: Not any of his pens is able to be used. Tai liu n thi tt nghip - 18 Lu y: Tai liu nay dung kem vi v hoc cua hoc sinh Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy
Trng THPT L c Ninh
3. Cch s dng None v No

Nu sau None of the l mt danh t khng m -c th ng t phi ngi th 3 s t. Nh-ng nu sau n l mt danh t s nhiu th ng t phi chia ngi th 3 s nhiu.
none + of the + non-count noun + singular verb none + of the + plural count noun + plural verb
Ex: None of the counterfeit money has been found. Ex: None of the students have finished the exam yet. Nu sau No l mt danh t m -c s t hoc khng m -c th ng t phi ngi th 3 s t nh-ng nu sau n l mt danh t s nhiu th ng t phi ngi th 3 s nhiu
no + {singular noun/non-count noun} + singular verb no + plural noun + plural verb
Ex: No example is relevant to this case.
4. Cch s dng cu trc either...or (hoc...hoc) v neither...nor (khng...m cng khng)

iu cn l-u nht khi s dng cu trc ny l ng t phi chia theo danh t i sau or hoc nor. Nu danh t l s t th dng t chia ngi th 3 s t v ng-c li.
neither + noun + either neither either + noun +
nor or nor or
+ plural noun + plural verb + singular noun + singular verb
Ex: Ex: Ex: Ex:
Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today. Either John or his friends are going to the beach today. Neither the boys nor Carmen has seen this movie before. Either John or Bill is going to the beach today.
5. V-ing lm ch ng
Khi V-ing dng lm ch ng th ng t phi chia ngi th 3 s t Ng-i ta s dng V-ing khi mun din t 1 hnh ng c th xy ra nht thi nh-ng khi mun din t bn cht ca s vt, s vic th phi dng danh t Ex: Dieting is very popular today. Ex: Diet is for those who suffer from a cerain disease. Tai liu n thi tt nghip - 19 Lu y: Tai liu nay dung kem vi v hoc cua hoc sinh Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy
ng t nguyn th cng c th dng lm ch ng v ng t sau n s chia ngi th 3 s t. Nh-ng ng-i ta th-ng dng ch ng gi it m u cu. Ex: To find the book is necessary for him = It is necessary for him to find the book.
Trng THPT L c Ninh
6. Cc danh t tp th
l cc danh t bng sau dng ch 1 nhm ng-i hoc 1 t chc nh-ng trn thc t chng l nhng danh t s t, do vy cc di t v ng t theo sau chng cng ngi th 3 s t.
Congress Organization Government
family team jury
group army majority*
committee club minority
class crowd public
Ex: The committee has met, and it has rejected the proposal. Tuy nhin nu ng t sau nhng danh t ny chia ngi th 3 s nhiu th cu m ch cc thnh vin trong nhm ang hot ng ring r: Ex: Congress votes for the bill.
*(Congress are discussing about the bill. (some agree, some disagree)).
Danh t the majority -c dng tu theo thnh phn sau n chia ng t
the majority + singular verb the majority of the + plural noun + plural verb
Ex: The majority believes that we are in no danger. Ex: The majority of the students believe him to be innocent. the police/sheep/fish + plural verb Ex: The sheep are breaking away Ex: The police come only to see the dead bodies and a ruin in the bank a couple + singular verb Ex: A couple is walking on the path The couple + plural verb Ex: The couple are racing their horses through the meadow. Cc cm t bng sau ch mt nhm ng vt hoc gia sc. cho d sau gii t of l danh t s nhiu th ng t vn chia theo ngi ch ng chnh ngi th 3 s t.
flock of birds, sheep herd of cattle pack of dogs school of fish pride of lions
Ex: The flock of birds is circling overhead. Tt c cc danh t tp th ch thi gian, tin bc, s o u -c xem l 1 danh t s t. Do cc ng t v i t theo sau chng phi ngi th 3 s t. Tai liu n thi tt nghip - 20 Lu y: Tai liu nay dung kem vi v hoc cua hoc sinh Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy
Trng THPT L c Ninh
Ex: 25 dollars is too much.... *Note: He has contributed $50, and now he wants to contribute another 50.
7. Cch s dng a number of, the number of:

A number of = mt s ln nhng... nu i vi danh t s nhiu th ng t chia ngi th ba s nhiu.
a number of + plural noun + plural verb
Ex: A number of students are going to the class picnic (a number of = many). Nh-ng the number of = mt s... -c coi l mt tng th s t, do cho d sau n l mt danh t s nhiu th ng t vn phi chia ngi th 3 s t.
the number of + plural noun + singular verb...
Ex: The number of days in a week is seven.
8. Cc danh t lun dng s nhiu

Bng sau l nhng danh t bao gi cng hnh thi s nhiu v chng bao gm 2 thc th nn cc i t v ng t i cng vi chng cng phi s nhiu.
Scissors Trousers Shorts Eyeglasses Pants Pliers jeans tweezers tongs
Nu mun chng thnh ngi s t phi dng a pair of... Ex: The pants are in the drawer. Ex: A pair of pants is in the drawer.
9. Thnh ng there is, there are

Thnh ng ny ch s tn ti ca ng-i hoc vt ti mt ni no . Ch ng tht ca thnh ng ny l danh t i sau. Nu n l danh t s t th ng t to be chia ngi th 3 s t v ng-c li. Mi bin i v thi v th u nm to be cn there gi nguyn. Ex: There has been an increase in the importation of foreign cars. Ex: There have been a number of telephone calls today.
L-u cc cu trc: there is certain/ sure/ likely/ bound to be: Chc chn l s c Ex: There is sure to be trouble when she gets his letter (Chc chn l s c rc ri khi c y nhn -c thanh ta) Ex: Do you think there is likely to be snow (Anh cho rng chc chn s c tuyt ch) Tai liu n thi tt nghip - 21 Lu y: Tai liu nay dung kem vi v hoc cua hoc sinh Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy
Trong dng ting Anh quy chun hoc vn ch-ng mt s cc ng t khc ngoi to be cng -c s dng vi there.
ng t trng thi: Stand/ lie/ remain/ exist/ live ng t ch s n: enter/ go/ come/ follow
Trng THPT L c Ninh
of state There + verb of arrival + noun as subject
Ex: In a small town in Germany there once lived a poor shoemaker (Ti mt th trn xp c tng c mt ng th giy ngho sng ) Ex: There remains nothing more to be done (Ch cn c g na m lm) Ex: Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black (Bng c mt hnh bng k l i vo mc ton en) Ex: There followed an uncomfortable silence (Mt s im lng n bt tin tip theo sau ) There + subject pronoun + go/ come/ be: ka/ th l/ ri th Ex: There he comes (Anh ta n ri kia ka) Ex: There you are, I have been waiting for you for over an hour (Anh y ri, ti ang ch anh n hn mt ting ri y) There + be + name of people : Th c .. .. y thi .. Nhm gi ta s ch n
There + be + always + noun: Th lc no ch c .. mt gii php kh d cho 1 vn
Ex: Whom could we ask ? Well, there is James, or Miranda, or Ann, or Sue... Ex: Where can he sleep/_ Well, there is always the attic There was this + noun: Chnh l ci ... ny y ( m u cho mt cu chuyn) Ex: There was this man, see, and he could not get up in the morning. So he ... (Ny, chnh l ci anh chng ny y, anh ta khng dy -c bui sng. Th l anh ta... There (lm tnh t) chnh ci/ con/ ng-i y Ex: Give that book there, please Lm n -a cho ti chnh cun sch y That there dog: Chnh con ch y y That there girl, she broke two records of speed (Chnh c gi y y, c ta ph hai k lc v tc )
VI. CONDITIONALS (cu i u kin) Thng thi chi m khoang 2 cu trong . It nht se co mt cu dang nh sau: He failed the exams because he was very lazy . Yu c u cac em cho n m t cu co nghia tng t. Thi cac em hay nhin vao ng t cua cu trn la qua kh, v y c cho qua kh dung loa i III if he hadnt been very lazy, he wouldnt have failed the exams. Cu i u ki n la cu ma phan ng vi hi n t ng ang xay ra, din ra vi chu th . Co bn loai cu iu kin. A. Type 0: truth, instruction Din ta m t s th t hi n nhin va cung la m t s hng dn , nhi u khi co th dung when thay if When/if + S + V(s/es), S + V(s/es) When I put a paper in the water, it is wet If I put a paper in the fire, it burns
Trng THPT L c Ninh If we havent gravity, we are floated If you want to operate TV, press the power button. B. Type 1: possible real in future Cu i u ki n loa i m t nay c cho tng lai nn no co th xay ra ho c khng If + S + V(s/es), S +will/can/ may +V If you study hard, you will pass the exam If she doesnt pay attention to the lesson, she will not understand at all. C. Type 2: unreal in present Cu i u ki n loa i hai nay dung c cho hi n ta i a va ang xay ra . Chu th se phan ng vi cai s vic hin tai nn no khng bao gi co tht, va khng bao gi xay ra. Chi la m tng hao huyn, phi thc t If + S + Ved, S would/ could/ might+ V were If I were you, I would run to her house and say love to her. If she didnt study hard, she would be failed in that exam. D. Type 3: unreal in past Cung nh loai hai, loai ba nay se khng bao gi co tht ca bi vi o chi la iu tic nui, i u c cho hanh ng trong qua kh. If S + had + Vpp, S + would/could/might + have Vpp If I had had a lot of money that day, I could have built a big villa. If she had worked hard, she would have passed that exam. Some cases related IF clause: 1. Unless = ifnot If she doesnt learn hard, she will fail. = unless she learns hard, she will fail. 2. Will/could/ should can be used in If clause type 1 = pardon to do/ excuse to do: vui long, chiu If you will wait for her, I will call her If you would (will) share 50 %, I will help you. - When you use Should in if clause, it means that the well-done ability is very rare, speakers believe it will not be true: If you shouldnt know how to use this TV set, please call me up this number. Nu anh khng bit cch s dng chic tivi ny, hy gi in cho ti s my ny. (Ni vy nh-ng ng-i ni khng cho rng l anh ta li khng bit s dng chic tivi .) Inverstion: If you should fix this TV set, I will pay you 1000$ = should you fix this TV set, I will pay you 1000$ 3. Inversion: (type 2, type 3): cu ao ng If you were me, what should you do? = were you me, what should you do? If she had had a lot of money, he would have donated to Charity Organization = had she had a lot of money, 4. In case, I supposed that, I provided that = if (gia s ma, trong i u kin ma) If it is raining heavily, we can stay at home = In case/ I supposed that/ provided that it is raining heavily, we can stay at home. 5. I wish, I hope = if only (gia ma) I hope that + type 1 I wish that + type 2/3 I hope that you can pass the exam = if only you can pass the exam I wish that you could pass the exam
Trng THPT L c Ninh = if only you could pass the exam
Cch s dng thnh ng as if, as though (gn nh- l, nh- th l)

Mnh ng sau hai thnh ng ny th-ng xuyn dng iu kin khng th thc hin -c. iu kin ny chia lm 2 thi: Thi hin ti: nu ng t mnh tr-c chia thi hin ti n gin th ng t mnh sau chia qu kh n gin. To be phi chia l were tt c cc ngi. Ex: The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer. (It is not winter) Thi qu kh: Nu ng t mnh tr-c chia qu kh n gin th ng t mnh sau chia qu kh hon thnh. Ex: Jeff looked as though he had seen a ghost. (He didn't see a ghost) L-u : Mnh sau as if, as though khng phi lc no cng tun theo qui lut trn. Nu iu kin trong cu l c tht hoc theo quan nim ca ng-i ni, ng-i vit l c tht th hai cng thc trn khng -c s dng. ng t mnh sau din bin bnh th-ng theo mi quan h mnh chnh. Ex: He looks as if he has finished the test. VII. RELATIVE CLAUSES: mnh quan h M nh quan h la con c go i la m nh tinh t (adjective clause), c s du ng bi n hai cu n thanh mt cu phc. Va lun t ngay sau danh t ma no thay th (cac ai t quan h). Vi du: The picture is hanging on the wall. The picture is drawn by Mr. Huycomf. The picture which is hanging on the wall is drawn by Mr. Huycomf. Cac ai t quan h trong ting Anh la: Who a i t chi ngi lam chc nng chu ng Whom a i t chi ngi, lam chc nng tn ng (ngay nay co th dung who thay th cho whom trong vn noi ) Whose + N a i t s hu lun i cung danh t (chi ngi) Which a i t chi v t lam chc nng chu ng va tn ng Of which + N a i t s hu dung chi v t That a i t co th thay th cho who, whom, which trong m nh ha n inh When Trang t thi gian hay th cho cum trang t/ trang t chi thi gian. No c bin t in/on/at which Where Trang t ni chn hay th cho cum trang t/ trang t chi ni ch n. No c bin t in/on/at which Why = for which, trang t chi li do, nguyn nhn thng theo sau reason What Co hai loai mnh quan h trong ting Anh A. Defining relative clauses: mnh quan h ha n inh La mnh ma xac inh cho chung ta nhng thng tin thi t y u, quan trong v danh t ma no dang thay th . Chung ta khng th bo i m nh nay, n u bo no, cu tr nn t i nghia, th m chi v nghia. Vi du: The man who is standing next to the Liberty statue is Mr. Comf. (n u bo i m nh nay thi cu tr nn v nghia, ngi nghe khng bi t / xac inh c ai ca) B. Non-defining relative clauses: mnh quan h khng ha n inh Con goi la mnh phu, b tr thm thng tin trong cu a xac inh, nn thng tin nay khng c n thi t, co th bo i ma cu khng thay i nghia . D u hi u nh n bi t da ng m nh nay la n m sau m t d u ph y ho c trong hai d u ph y (commas) This man,who is about 26 years-old now, is Mr. Comf. Uncle Ho, who is called Ho Chi Minh, is the old and respected father of peoples.
Trng THPT L c Ninh Lu y: khng bao gi c bo a i t quan h hay s du ng a i t That thay th cho Who , Whom, Which trong m nh khng ha n inh. C. Relative clauses with preposition: mnh quan h vi gii t. Khi gii t b nghia trc ti p cho danh t ma c thay th b ng a i t quan h thi chung ta chuy n gii t o ln trc a i t quan h . The girl was very beautiful. He falls in love with her so much. The girl whom he falls in love with so much was very beautiful. The girl with whom he falls in love so much was very beautiful. Lu y: trong m nh da ng nay khng c dung Who ho c That cung nh khng c bo i Whom / Which. The girl at who he is looking is a daughter of a millionaire in the town. This car, in which his son was sitting, was made from China. Lu y: n u ng t la cu m t co nghia ring cua no thi khng tach ra. (vi du: look after (chm soc), go across (tinh c gp), look up (tra t).) The word which he is looking up is to mean ciao Lu y: Mnh quan h vi gii t thng dung trong vn vi t (writing form) D. Omission of relative pronoun: tinh lc i t quan h Co bn loi tinh lc: 1. Present participle clauses: s du ng ng t hin ta i phn t thay th . Khi m nh quan h th chu ng, va ai t lam chc nng chu ng, thi chung ta co th bo i ai t quan h va ng t theo sau phai chuy n thanh hi n ta i phn t (Ving) The man who understands what I say is a talent. The man understanding what I say is a talent. N u trong m nh quan h thi tip din thi chung ta bo i a i t quan h va ng t to Be. The man who is driving on the left side is illegal. The man driving on the left side is illegal. N u trong m nh quan h la thi hoan thanh (th ng la qua kh hoan thanh) thi chung ta bo ai t quan h, chuy n tr ng t HAD thanh HAVING ho c bo i thi Vpp bi n thanh Ving. After he had finished his homework, he went out. After having finished his homework, he went out. After finishing his homework, he went out. Having finished his homework, he went out. 2. Past participle clauses: S du ng qua kh phn t thay th . Cung tng t nh dang 1., nhng chi s du ng m nh nay cho cu bi ng. The man who was arrested by police had been a robber. The man arrested by police had been a robber. 3. To -infinitive clauses: S du ng ng t nguyn mu thay th . Cung tng t nh dang 1. nhng da ng nay chi s dung khi: M nh chinh da ng so sanh nh t The most important thing which is said today is conservation. The most important thing to be said today is conservation. The most integral protection which needs mentioning is the wild life. The most integral protection to need mentioning is the wild life. M nh chi mu c ich This is the most delicious restaurant where we can have dinner. This is the most delicious restaurant to have dinner. Danh t trong m nh chinh lun i cung: the first, the second, the third,, the next, the last, the only The last person who leaves out of the room has to turn off the light. The last person to leave out of the room has to turn off the light. Locninh high school is the only school where can train the talented and gifted students. Locninh high school is the only school to train the talented and gifted students. 4. Non-relative clauses: Bo hn i t quan h khi no lam tn ng Chi co th bo hn i ai t quan h khi ma no lam chc nng tn ng (objective)
Trng THPT L c Ninh The man whom/who I am meeting for lunch is a staff of training and education ministry. The man I am meeting for lunch is a staff of training and education ministry. E. Relative pronoun: THAT THAT c s du ng thay th cho who, whom, which trong m nh ha n inh. Co nhng trng hp cn s du ng THAT trong so sanh nh t trong cu danh t khng xac inh ngi hay v t trong cac a i t b t inh (anyone, something, none) trong cu tr n thu t (reported speech) trong da ng the first, second, third, next, last, only +N trong so that (chi muc ich) trong so/ such that (chi qua kha nng) trong cu bi ng c bi t trong l i noi it was not until that trong da ng thay th cho m nh (nh which: connector) That he died is concerned with you. VIII. REPORTED SPEECH: cu tr n thu t Dng cu nay thng it xut hin trong thi, du co thi cung chi mt, ho c hai cu da ng vi t la i cu sao cho khng thay i nghia. Vi vy cac em hc sinh khi c phn nay, chi cn nm vng kin thc c ban. Cu tr n thu t (Con gi la cu trc ti p va cu gian cu ti p) la cu thut li li ngi khac (th m chi minh) noi. D u hi u nh n bi t cu trc ti p: n m trong hai d u nhay: Vi du: I love you he said to me Chung ta thut lai cu noi nay thi co nghia la chung ta ang dung cu gian tip: He said to me/ told me that he loved me 1. Nguyn t c chung: Thi cua cac ng t trong cu gian tip thay i theo nguyn t c LUI MT THI V QUA KH (back-shift) Thi trong li noi trc tip Thi trong li noi gian ti p Hi n ta i n Qua kh n Hi n ta i ti p din Qua kh ti p din Hi n tia hoan thanh Qua kh hoan thanh Qua kh dn Qua kh hoan thanh Qua kh hoan thanh Qua kh hoan thanh (khng th lui c) Tng lai n Tng lai trong qua kh Vi du: he goes he said he said that he went He is going he said he said that he was going they are going he said he said that they were going he has gone he said he said that he had gone he went he said he said that he had gone he had gone he said he said that he had gone he will go he said he said that he would go he can go he said he said that he could go he can have gone he said he said that he could have gone Trng h p ngoa i l : ng t trong cu noi gian ti p vn khng i khi: A. ng t tr n thu t thi hi n ta i: He says He is saying Love is blind He has said He will say Tr n thu t la i nh sau:
Trng THPT L c Ninh He says He is saying that love is blind He has said He will say B. li noi tr n thu t chi v m t chn li, thoi quen cha bo She said The earth moves around the sun She said that The earth moves around the sun She said he usually gets up at 7 every morning She said that he usually gets up at 7 every morning C. vi cu i u ki n loa i II va loa i III thi khi thu t la i cung khng i she said If he studied hard, he would pass the exams She said that if he studied hard, he would pass the exams D. li khuyn: SHOULD, HAD BETTER he should study more she said she said that he should study more. she advised him to study more. he had better not be so lazy she said she said that he had better not be so lazy she advisee him not to be so lazy F. USED TO: thoi quen trong qua kh: He used to get up very late she said she said that he used to get up very late. G. vi Wish, Would rather, would sooner, it is time + simple past (a n luc) I wish she loved me he said he said that he wished she loved him It is time we went they said they said that it was time they went 2. BANG CHUYN I CAC AI T a i t a i t nhn xng Chc nng Chu ng Tn ng Tr c ti p I we you Me Us You My Our Your Mine Ours Yours Gian tip He, she They They Him/ her Them Them His/ her Their Their His/ her Theirs Theirs
a i t s hu
Bng i cc i t ch th, ph t ch a im v thi gian That day Today The day before Yesterday Two days before The day before yesterday The next/ the following day Tomorrow In two days' time The day after tomorrow The following + Time Next + Time The previous + Time Last + Time Time + before Time + ago That, those This, these
Trng THPT L c Ninh Here, Overhere There, Overthere Vi du: Im going to do my exercises tomorrow. She said to me she told me that she was going to do her exercises the next day (ho c the following day) he will come in time next time she said that he he would come in time the following time this house was built 5 years ago she said she said that that house had been built 5 years before. 3. CAC LOAI CU TRN THUT A. Cu K (statement) Cu k co da ng: S + V + O/adv S said Vi du: she studies English he said he said that she studied English She doesnt study Maths he said he said that she didnt study Maths. They went away she said to me she told me that they had gone away B. Cu Hoi (question) Cu hoi co da ng: Aux + S + V + O/adv? S asked Cu asked if/wether S + V(lui mt thi) + O/adv. Trong o: Aux (auxiliary) tr ng t Asked co th c thay bi m t da ng ng t tng t da ng nghi v n Vi du: do you love me? he asked her he asked her if/ wether she loved him (or not) Do you need money? my parents asked me my parents asked me if I needed money. Have you ever gone to Tokyo? she asked me she asked me if I had gone to Tokyo. C. Cu Cam Than (exclamations) Cu cam than co da ng: V + (O/adv) S + told S + told to V + (O/adv) Dont + V + (O/adv) S + told S + told + not + to V + (O/adv) Told co th c thay bi m t da ng ng t tng t vi ngia cua cu m nh l nh: nh advise (khuyn) Command, offered, demanded.. (yu c u , ra l nh), accused (of +Ving), bu c t i. (xem trong bang ng t i vi gii t) Vi du: go out he told he told to go out. Run away he told me he told me to run away Help me he begged he begged (me) to help him Dont move! he offered he offered (them) not to move Raise your hands! he told he told us to raise our hands Give me 5.000 dong, please, he told he begged to give him 5.000 dong Would you like to eat sweetsoup he invited he invited us to eat sweetsoup You take my money. He told me he accused me of taking his money. Liar he said he called me a liar. Congratulations he told me he congratulated me. Thanks a lot he told me he thanked me a lot. Tuy thuc vao cum ng t va nghia cua cu trc tip khi trn thuat lai chung ta s dung dang Infinitive hoc Gerund. V du: thank you for helping me he said he thanked for helping him Mt s cum ng t hu ich khi s dung cu trn thut vi Infinitve va Gerund want (O) to do order
demand command agree threaten warn promise beg invite advise request ask tell instruct remind tell
verb preposition complaint (of) about dream (of) know talk think arrive (in) at laugh look shout throw apologize for apply ask hope besides, deny (= refuse), admit, suggest, postpone, + Ving
Trng THPT L c Ninh leave look pay thank (sb) wait come escape protect suffer prevent believe succeed accuse (sb) die (from) hear remind take care taste warn think congratulate (sb) depend rely base insist apologize belong explain happen invite lend (st) listen prefer (st/sb) speak talk write look forward be accustomed to be/get used to
from
in of
on
to
Trng THPT L c Ninh IX. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES: mnh tra ng ng

Adverbial clauses of time Use Simple future Simple past AFTER Past perfect (dung chi mt hanh ng xay ra sau mt ha nh ng khac ) Present perfect Past perfect Simple past (dung chi mt hanh ng xay ra trc mt ha nh ng khac ) Past perfect BY/ BY THE TIME Future perfect (dung nhn manh v mt hanh ng ma xay ra sau mt ha nh ng khac a hoan tt) Simple past Simple present (dung chi mt hanh ng ma xay ra trong sut mt ha nh ng khac ang din ra) Past simple Simple present Simple future + present perfect Future continuous + simple present (chi mt thoi quen hin tai va qua kh , va cung din ta nhng hanh ng tip k nhau, nhng chui ha nh ng lien tip theo th i gian, ngoai ra no con din ta ha nh ng sau mt ha nh ng khac) Present progressive Past progressive (din ta mt ha nh ng ang din ra thi mt ha nh ng khac xen va o , no cung din ta mt loat cac ha nh ng ang xay ra) = when, while Present perfect It is (time) since (din ta ha nh ng trong qua kh , th ng i vi hin ta i hoa n tha nh noi hanh ng cha chm dt) Simple future + present perfect (dung nhn manh mt hanh ng xay ra trc ha nh ng khac ) It was not until + past simple (din ta ha nh ng se din ra sut khi hanh ng khac hoan thanh.) ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME Examples I will see you after diner I came here at 6 oclock and George came shortly after that. After train had left, I went home
BEFORE
I have never seen that film before. I was sorry I had never been there before. I met her yesterday, but I knew her long before that. My family are coming here for a holiday, so came 2 days before to make all arrangements By 2 oclock we had had lunch By 1980 we had worked there for 5 years It is now 6:30. I shall have finished my work by 8 oclock By the time we get to the cinema, the film will have already begun. By the time I came, the party had finished. I was in the army during the second world war The sun gives us light during the day
DURING
Mary looked her best when she smiled When she went for a walk she always wore gloves What do you do when you go to school? She usually listens to music when she is free I will have lunch when I have finished my homework. I will be reading when you come to see me.
WHEN
While my mum is cooking, she comes. While my mum was cooking, she came.
WHILE
AS
I watch him as he (was drinking) drank his tea I have lived here since I was born It is 3 years since I saw him It is 2 years since he left the country.
SINCE
AS SOON AS
TILL/ UNTILL
We will go as soon as you have finished your work Note: we will go when you finish your work. He left as soon as he had finished his work. It was not until 1990, I could build the house. We will go until you finish work We will go until you have finished work Wait till you see what Rachel's wearing!
Trng THPT L c Ninh
Hadn't we better wait until Antony's here? You should stay on the train until/till Manchester and then change.
X. CONNECTOR: t n i Cac t ni nay thng c s dung trong thi, c bi t la: because/ because of, although/ in spite of/ despite, so that/ in order that/ so as to/ in order to, not only.. but also, neithernor, either or, both and, however, moveover, therefore, furthermore, nevertheless, instead of, alternatively, otherwise, in other words, on the other hand, in general/ in private, in all, in short, in fact, indeed, actually, no matter what Do m t s cu m t a c noi trong v cac em, nn y, ti chi a ra m t s connectors: A. BOTHAND: ca ln Lun c s du ng trong cu kh ng inh, theo sau both va and la cac ai t hay cac danh t. ng t s dung vi bothand lun c chia s nhi u. Vi du: both she and I were really frightened when hearing the noise from the forest. Lu y: + cac danh t hay ai t theo sau both va and co th ong vai tro chu ng hay tn ng cua ng t . Vi du: Both Nam and Dong work very hard at school so they both usually get good marks in examination. I like both Dong and Nam. Theyre good students + theo sau both.. and co th la cac tinh t hoc trang t. Vi du: the beach is both beautiful and romantic She drives both carefully and slowly. B. NOT ONLY BUT ALSO: Dung din ta y: khng nhng ma con. + Theo sau bi cac danh t hay a i t lam chu ng : Vi du: not only Hi u but also Nhn are excellent students in my class. + Theo sau bi cac danh t hay a i t lam tn ng : Vi du: I want to talk to not only my students but also their parents about their study. + theo sau bi cac ng t : I not only went sightseeing in London but also tried to learn its culture. + theo sau cac tinh t: She is not only beautiful but also very intelligent. + dung nhn manh. y la m t da ng ao ng , vi vy khi ao not only ln u cu, c n nh la ao lun tr ng t: Vi du: it is not only the cheapest but also the nicest watch. Not only is it the cheapest but it is also the nicest watch. C. EITHER OR: ho c ho c Dung trong cu khng inh noi n hoc ngi/ v t nay, ho c / v t kia + theo sau either.. o co th la cac danh t lam chu ng hay tn ng, cac ng t nguyn mu, hay cac danh ng t (gerund) Vi du: either he or she has go to the meeting this afternoon. I came there to meet either the director or the vice-director, not the secretary. I like either watching TV or reading books. We intend either to go to the beach or to go on a picnic. + either or dung trong cu phu inh thi din ta y: khng ma cung khng, ca hai u khng I dont want to talk to either Mai or her husband. = I want to talk neither Mai nor her husband. D. NEITHER NOR: khng ma cung khng. Dung thay th cho either.. or trong cu phu inh. Vi du: I dont like either horror films or action films = I like neither horror films nor action films + co th ao ng: Neither horror films nor actions films do I like. E. NO SOONER THAN/ HARDLY/ SCARELY WHEN: va mi.. thi Thng s du ng ao ng . No bng vi cu truc: HARDLY/ SCARELY WHEN
Trng THPT L c Ninh Vi du: No sooner had she finished her test than she realized her careless mistakes. = Hardly had she finished her test when she realized her careless mistakes. XI. INVENSION: cu ao ng Ph n nay thng it xu t hi n trong thi t t ngi p, nn cac em t nghin cu. XII. COMMON PATTERNS: y chinh la nhng mu cu thng du ng quy n 1, a xu t ban. R t quan tro ng trong ki thi t t nghip. Yu c u cac em phai nh. Co th chim 3 4 i m. PHU LUC: I. PRONUNCIATION: phat m Ph n nay thng chi m 3 cu trong thi t t nghip. No yu cu cac em phai c va tim ra mt trong 4 m, ma co m c c khac cac m con li. Thng thng yu c u cac nguyn m, co luc phu m. 1. nguyn m: la cac m thng c phat ra: a, e, i, o , u va h cm (h(mute)) + // c phat gia + . La m cua nguyn m U ( u + phu m + phu m) Cac dang thng gp la: uct, ud, ug, ult, um, umb, ump, ung, un, ut, ut. Vi du: dud ( v du ng), duct (ng dn), duck, drunk, bug, sultan (qu c vng), aldult, dump, sung, cut, cup, product, under, umber, usher, Sunday, culture La m cua ULL Vi du: dull, gull, hull, lull, hullo, mull, null, La m cua nguyn m O khi co dang OVE . OTHE, OME Vi du: dove, love , lovable, glove, shove, mother, brother, some, come, done, Ngoai l: cove /kuv/, move /mu:v/, jove .. + /a:/ la m cua nhom: AR, ALM, ALF, AFT, ALV, AST, ASK, AUGH, AFF, ASP, EART. Vi du: car, smart, calm, half, calves, fast, laught, afternoon, staff, heart. + /e/ la nguyn m cua e, ea, ng trc m t ho c hai phu m. Nh t la khi co da ng ead, eath, eat. E, ea + phu m + (phu m) Vi du: bed, net, smell, center, send, read (qua kh), bread, breath, breadth, weather, meadow, spread, threat. + // la m cua a + phu m + phu m Vi du: man, match, lamp, path, +/i/ la m cua nguyn m I, khi I ng trc m t ho c hai nguyn m : i + phu m + phu m vi du: pin, thing, sick, idiom, impression I la m cua y, khi y ng cu i t : Vi du: city, country, windy, snowy, rainy, capacity, responsibility + /i:/ m dai, la m cua nguyn m e, khi co c u truc: e + phu m + e Vi du: scheme /ski:m/, convene, complete, Japanese, Vietnamese, Chinese, /i:/ con la m cua: e, ee, ea,ie, ei. Vi du: me, bee, peak, thief, ceiling, believe +// la mt m o ngn. No la m cua nguyn m O, khi O ng trc m t ho c hai phu m O + phu m + (phu m) Vi du: hot, hospital, holiday, lock +/ :/ la m o dai. La m cua OR, ORE, AL(L), ALK, AW, AU, OU, OUGH Vi du: port, horse, more, tall, always, talk, fawn, August, course, thought. +/u/ la m u ngn, la m cua U, OO, ULL, OULD Vi du: put, foot, hook, full, could, should, good Ngoai tr: shoulder /uld (r)/ vai +/u:/ la m u dai, la m cua O, OO, OE, OU, UE Vi du: to, two, zoo, shoe, shoe, through, clue, foot, food Ngoai tr: cue /kju:, hue /hju:/ +// o c nh m ng n, la m cua a, e, I ,o va u khi ri vao ph n khng nh n gio ng. La m cua A, E, I, O,U, Ai, AU, AR, YR, ER, OR, EA, OI, EO, I, UR(E), OU(S), URE, OAR, OU(R), RE. Vi du: again, away, confident, capacity, composition, century, curtain, scholar, archard, monger, monitor, dangerous, colour, adventure, cupboard, fire, ocean +/ :/ la m dai, la m cua ER, iR, OR, UR, EAR, xay ra t n m hoc van c nhn giong
Trng THPT L c Ninh Vi du: her, person, sir, dirty, fur, further, word, worst, world, heard, early, learn, earth. +/ei/ o c nh m i, la m cua AI, AY, EI, EY Vi du: gain, day, play, weigh, eight, they, convey /ei/ co cu truc theo nguyn tc: A + phu m + E Vi du: game, race, grade, safe, cake /ei/ con theo nguyn tc: A + phu m + nguyn m + nguyn m Vi du: radio, pronunciation, facial, patient +/ai/ o c nh m ai. La m cua I, Y, IE, YE, EI Vi du: I, fly, shy, tie, fie, file, dye, rye, either, neither, Nguyn m I c phat m la /ai/ khi no la: IGH, IGHT, INDIVIDUALLY , ILD, IGN Vi du: sight, night, tight, find, mild, might, wild, sign, /ai/ co cu truc theo nguyn t c: I + phu m + E ho c phu m + I + nguyn m Vi du: mine, dime (h t ao), describe, pipe, organize, Vi du: diamond, lion, science, Ngoai tr: piano. + /i/ c phat m nh m oi. La m cua Oi, OY Vi du: oil, soil, voice, coin, boy, employ, soya ( u nanh), royal +/au/ o c nh au. La m cua OW, OU Vi du: now, cow, town, mouse, plough, count. +/u/ o c nh u. La m cua O, OU, OW, OA, AU, EW, OE, EO, OO, EAU Vi du: so, go, soul, dough, though, know, slow, own, road, sew (khu, va) toe, brooch (tram cai u), plateau (cao nguyn) /u/ la m cua O trong cu truc: O + phu m + E Vi du: robe, code, hole, home, alone, hope, rose +/i/ o c nh ia. La m cua EAR, EA, iER, ERE hay E v n co nh n gio ng Vi du: ear, hear, near, idea, korea, india, beer, volunteer, pioneer, here, sphere, hero, query, serial, serious + /e/ o c nh e. La m cua EAR, AiR, ARE, EiR, ERE Vi du: pear (l), wear, chair, hair, care, dare, their, heir (ng i tha k ), where, there * gia hai nguyn m, co mt phu m R, nguyn m ng trc mu t R phai o c them m // n u la m nh n gio ng Vi du: parents /pernts/, daring, inquiry, hero, curious +/u/ o c nh ua . La m cua OOR, OUR, URE Vi du: poor, moor, boor, tour, dour, sure, lure + Lu y cach oc s nhiu vi danh t va s it vi ng t n u t n cung danh t la cac ui: p, f, c, g, t, th, ph, chung ta o c la /s/ * n u t n cung la: s, x, dg //, ch //, gh, c(e), sh, , thi chung ta oc la /iz/ * con lai oc la /z/ + cach oc ui ed vi ng t qua kh co qui t c: * n u t n cung ng t la nhng m nh: p, f, k, s, sh, ui ed o c la /t/ * n u t n cung la: t, d, ui ed o c la /id/ * con lai oc la /d/ II. STRESS: nh n m Ph n nay thng chi m hai cu trong thi t t nghip. Noi chung, co kha nhiu kinh nghim lam phn nay. M t s cach sau co th giup cac em t tin hn trong vic cho n m nh n khac vi cac m con la i. N u t n cung la cac ui tion, -sion, -ic , thi nhn ngay trc no Vi du: conservation: nh n vao m th 3 tinh t trai qua, Preservation: nh n vao m th 3 tinh t trai qua. Protection: nh n vao m th 2 tinh t trai qua. Communication: nh n vao m th 4 tinh t trai qua,, Commercialization: nh n vao m th 6 tinh t trai qua. Electric, mechanic: nh n vao m th 2 tinh t trai qua. N u t n cung la y (th ng la lity) ho c -al lui 3 m, tinh t cui Vi du: responsibility: nh n vao m th 4 tinh t trai qua. Capacity: nh n vao m th 2 tinh t trai qua
Trng THPT L c Ninh Critical: nh n vao m u tin tinh t trai qua N u la danh t, tinh t 2 m ti t, thi nhn vao m th nh t, ng t 2 m ti t nh n vao m th 2. Vi du: concert, children, parents, success, Bored, boring, happy, Begin, succeed, attract, N u la danh t ghep, nh n vao t u, tinh t va ng t nhn vao th hai. Vi du: darkroom, greenhouse, classroom, sittingroom, upstairs.. Bad-tempered, old-fashoned To understand, to over flow Nh n ngay sau cac tin t (prefixes) nh: a-, an-, be-. e-, con-, com-, pre-, pro,- Cac em s dung v xem ht cac tin t. Vi du: alone, another, become, conclude, comserve, pre-writing, professtional, non-profit M t s m c thu, nh n ngay vao no nh: ade, -con, -ee, -eer, -ese Vi du: lemonade, balloon, refugee, Vietnamese Ngoai ra cac em cung cn nh gc t (root), da vao o tim d u nh n. Vi du chung ta co t gc la hap happy unhappy happiness i vi t co 3 m tip tr ln thi cach tt nht la da vao tin t, hoc nhng ui (al, ty, eer, ese, ee) Biology, philosophy, trainee, viernamese, interview, interviewee M t s t c bit khng theo qui t c trn (xem v ho c) Vi du: comfortable, mature (trich lc quyn 3, cung tac gia) III. Bai c hiu M t kinh nghi m ti t ki m thi gian la cac em o c cu hoi trc, r i o c lt qua bai l y thng tin chinh, tim ch cu hoi yu c u , va giai quyt. C n th n vi nhng cai by v con s (nm, km), thng la cac em se phai lam phng an cng tr ly s liu. Vi du: he was born in 1930 and died in 1965. How old was he? A. 30 B. 65 C. 35 D. still alive VI. Bai in t Thng y la ph n kho chiu nh t va gy chan nan nh t cho ho c sinh, vi cac em ngai oc. Tuy nhin, nhng dang bai nay lai d lam va du hiu nhn bit nhiu. Th nh t la v c u truc cu. C n lu y la ma o t b nghia danh t , tinh t, s t, t th t.. b nghia danh t. Trang t b nghia cho ng t va tinh t. N u co chu ng, thi se co ng t. N u co gii t thi theo sau no la danh t ho c danh ng t. N u theo sau la tn ng thi trc no la ng t ho c danh ng t , n u trc no la tinh t s hu thi sau no la danh t Ngoai ra cac em cung cn quan tm n ngia cua cu in t cho thich hp . Vi du. After __(1)_____ his exam result, he was __(2)_____ very much. 1. A. know B. knowing C. knowledge D. to know 2. A. bore B. boring C. bored D. to boring Cu m t c n m t danh ng t, ch khng th la danh t vi sau no co tn ng . Va lai khng th dung ng t nguyn mu vi trc no la lin t , va cung khng th la to infinitive vi cung la lien t. V y ap an B. la ung. Cu hai, c n m t tinh t vi co ng t to be. Khng th dung bore vi no la ng t , khng th dung to boring sai ng phap, khng th dung boring, vi y, anh y la chu th bi tac ng bi cai k t qua thi, nn phai dung bored. V y ap an C. la ung. V. CU TRUC THI TT NGHIP Language structure * Phonetics - stress, and/or - Vowels & consonants * Grammar & Cultural Tips -Tenses of sequence of tenses - syntactical structures - connectives Number Skills of items 5 * Reading skills - gereral cloze procedures (1 text, ~ 150-word long) 20 - reading comprehension (1 text, ~ 200-word long) with questions that require short responses. (cultural tips welcomed) Number of items 10
- simple communicative functions, and others * Vocabulary - word formation - word choice/ collocation Total VI. GIAI MU VA B N THI.
B GIAO DUC VA AO TAO
Trng THPT L c Ninh * Writing skills -transformational writing 5 (completion: phrase clause level) -writing error Indentification and connection 30 Total
10
20
K THI TT NGHIP TRUNG HOC PH THNG NM 2006
THI CHNH THC Mn thi: TING ANH - H 7 nm Thi gian lm bi: 60 pht; 50 cu trc nghim ( thi c 2 trang)
Cu 1: Chn t co trng m chnh nhn vao m tit co v tr khac vi nhng t con lai: A. study B. reply C. apply D. rely Cu 2: Chn t ma phn gach chn co cach phat m khac vi nhng t con lai: A. churches B. chairman C. chemist D. changes Cu 3: Chn t ma phn gach chn co cach phat m khac vi nhng t con lai: A. heat B. seat C. great D. meat Cu 4: Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: Gold, as well as silver, .................. in price. A. have risen B. has risen C. rise D. are rising Cu 5: Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: He ............... to New York three times this year. A. had been B. was C. is D. has been Cu 6: Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: I remember .................... you about this before. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told Cu 7: Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: Each of you ............ a share in the work. A. have B. has C. having D. to have Cu 8: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: He let the letter ................ onto the floor. A. fall B. falls C. falling D. fell Cu 9: Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: .......................... all my warnings, he tried to fix the computer himself. A. Instead of B. In spite of C. Although D. Because Cu 10: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: .................. your homework finished last night? A. Was B. Did C. Are D. Do Cu 11: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: Have you decided to apply .................... the job yet? A. for B. to C. into D. off Cu 12: Chn phng an thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: Mr. Brown has .................... many patients .................... he is always busy. A. too/that B. very/until C. such/that D. so/that Cu 13: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: We are very fond .......... folk music. A. in B. at C. with D. of Cu 14: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: The children, ............... parents work late, are taken home by bus. A. that B. whom C. whose D. their Cu 15: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: He wanted to know the reason ............... I was late. A. as B. for C. why D. because Cu 16: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thnh cu sau: She doesn't understand ................. I am saying. A. what B. that C. whose D. where Cu 17: Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: We have to start early .............................. we won't be late. A. so that B. that C. because D. because of Cu 18: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: The place .................... we spent our holiday was really beautiful. A. what B. who C. where D. which Cu 19: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: She goes .................... a lot. She hardly ever spends an evening at home. A. out B. down C. along D. over Cu 20: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: There are small .................... between British and American English. A. differences B. different C. difference D. differently Cu 21: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: Some species of rare animals are in .................... of extinction. A. danger B. dangerous C. dangerously D. endanger Cu 22: Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: We are .................... of the long journey.
A. tire B. tiring C. tired D. to tire Cu 23: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: Sara speaks so .................... that I can't understand her. A. fast B. fastly C. faster D. fastest Cu 24: Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: Would you mind .................... me a hand with this bag? A. give B. giving C. to give D. to giving Cu 25: Xc nh t co gach di cn phai sa, cu sau tr thanh chnh xac: When I came in, everyone were watching a film. A B C D Cu 26: Xc nh t/cm t co gach di cn phai sa, cu sau tr thanh chnh xac: My family spent an interested holiday in Europe last summer. A B C D Cu 27: Xc nh t/cm t co gach di cn phai sa, cu sau tr thanh chnh xac: My uncle lived in Hanoi since 1990 to 1998, but he is now living in Hue. A B C D Cu 28: Xc nh t/cm t co gach di cn phai sa, cu sau tr thanh chnh xac: He stopped to smoke because it is harmful for his health. ABCD Cu 29: Chn cu (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) din at ng ngha cu sau: I didn't have an umbrella with me, so I got wet. A. If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn't get wet. B. If I had had an umbrella, I would get wet. C. If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn't have got wet. D. If I had had an umbrella, I would have got wet. Cu 30: Chn cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hon thnh cu sau: Peter wanted to win the race. He ran .................... . A. so fast as he can B. fast as he could C. fast as he can D. as fast as he could Cu 31: Chn cu (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) din at ng ngha cu sau: The coffee was too hot for me to drink. A. The coffee is so hot that I can't drink it. B. The coffee is so hot that I can't drink. C. The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink. D. The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink it. Cu 32: Chn cu (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) din at ng ngha cu sau: Learning English is not easy. A. It is not easy to learning English. B. It is easy learning English. C. It is not easy to learn English. D. It is not difficult to learn English.
Trng THPT L c Ninh
Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) in vo ch trng trong bi kho sau, t cu 33 n cu 42:
Approximately 350 million people ......(33).... English as their first .....(34)...... . About the same number use it .....(35).... a second language. It is the language .....(36).... aviation, international sport and world trade. 75% of the world's .....(37).... is in English, 60% of the world's radio stations ....(38).... in English, and more than half of the world's newspapers are .....(39).... in English. It is an official language in 44 countries. In .....(40).... others, it is the language of business, commerce and technology. There are many.....(41).... of English, but Scottish, Australian, Indian and Jamaican speakers of English, in spite of the differences in pronunciation, structure and vocabulary, would .....(42).... that they are all speaking the same basic language. Cu 33: A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk Cu 34: A. language B. languages C. linguistics D. linguist Cu 35: A. of B. with C. as D. in Cu 36: A. on B. to C. from D. of Cu 37: A. mail B. parcels C. envelopes D. letters Cu 38: A. broadcast B. travel C. write D. show Cu 39: A. spoken B. printed C. sold D. taken Cu 40: A. an B. more C. many D. much Cu 41: A. varieties B. kind C. type D. sort Cu 42: A. use B. keep C. invent D. recognize
c k bi kho sau v chn phng n ng (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) cho cc cu t 43 n 47:
I was born in Newcastle, a city in the North East of England. Newcastle is on the bank of the River Tyne. It is quite big, with a population of about 200,000 people. There is a cathedral and a university. There are five bridges over the River Tyne, which link Newcastle to the next town, Gateshead, where there is one of the biggest shopping centres in the world. A few years ago, the main industries were shipbuilding and coalmining, but now the chemical and soap industries are important. I moved to London ten years ago but I often return to Newcastle. I miss the people, who are very friendly, and I miss the beautiful countryside near the city, where there are so many hills and streams. Cu 43: Newcastle is ............................ . A. a city near the North East of England B. a small town in England C. a city in the North East of England D. a city in the North of England Cu 44: The population of Newcastle is .................... . A. 200,000 people B. much less than 200,000 people C. much more than 200,000 people D. about 200,000 people Cu 45: Gateshead has one of ................................ in the world. A. the largest rivers chi B. the most important shipbuilding industries C. the most beautiful countrysides D. the biggest shopping centres Cu 46: According to the passage, the writer ...................... . A. is still living in Newcastle B. has never returned to Newcastle C. doesn't live in Newcastle any more D. has come back to live in Newcastle Cu 47: Which of the following is NOT true about Newcastle? A. Its people are friendly. B. Its main industry now is shipbuilding. C. It has a cathedral and a university. D. It is next to Gateshead. Cu 48: Chn t/cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: Susan is looking for something .................... .
A. eat B. to eating C. to eat D. eating Cu 49: Chn t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: We need more sugar. There is .................. sugar in the pot. A. much B. many C. any D. little Cu 50: Chn cm t thch hp (ng vi A hoc B, C, D) hoan thanh cu sau: ...................... is Oxford from Cambridge? A. How long B. How far C. How long away D. How often --------- HT ----------
Trng THPT L c Ninh
Hng dn giai: Cu 1: ta th y b n phng an u co hai m ti t , nhng trong o chi co A co th lam danh t nn nh n vao m 1. la ap an Cu 2: nn dung quy lu t loa i tr y. Vi C. o c la /k/ con lai oc la // Cu 3: y la cu d, nn vi ki n thc cac em co th nh n bi t c cai by t ra la C. /ei/ Cu 4: xem ph n V: s hoa h p gia S va V, ph n 1 Cu 5: d u hi u nh n bi t la three times this year danh cho hoan thanh. Cu 6: xem III. Infinitives and Gerunds vi remember + Ving: nh a lam gi r i Cu 7: xem ph n V: s hoa h p gia S va V Cu 8: xem III. Infinitives and Gerunds ph n B. nguyn mu khng TO Cu 9: chi s nhng b, xem quy n 1, nhng mu cu thng du ng, ph n in spite of va although Cu 10: d u hi u thi gian Cu 11: gii t i cung apply la for. Xem sach giao khoa, bai s 5, ph n ng phap. Cu 12: xem c u truc so.. that (n ni ma) So + adj + that = such (a/an) + adj + N that So adj + (a/an) + N that So + many/ much/ little + N + that Cu 13: Xem sach giao khoa, bai s 5, ph n ng phap. Cu 14: xem VII, m nh quan h vi ai t whose Cu 15: xem VII, m nh quan h vi a i t why Cu 16: xem VII, m nh quan h vi a i t what Cu 17: xem mu cu thng du ng ph n SO THAT Cu 18: xem VII, m nh quan h vi a i t on which (chi ia im) Cu 19: xem ph n ng phap v GO, y go out = i chi Cu 20: small la tinh t nn c n m t danh t. There are la s nhi u nn dung danh t s nhi u Cu 21: be in danger = be endangered: ang lm vao nguy c tuy t chung Thm na co gii t thi c n m t danh t. Khng th la Ving vi no khng co O hay sau o la of Cu 22: C n m t tinh t thai chi ngi. Dang nay thng c bin t ng t phn t qua kh va hin tai. Phn t qua kh hi n ta i thng chi s chu ng va thng danh cho v t, con phn t qua kh thi chi su bi ng va thng danh cho ngi. Xem ph n V. Cu 23: c u truc so that vi ng t c n m t tra ng t: fast (a/adv) Cu 24: mind + ving (xem phn III) Cu 25: xem s hoa h p gia S + V (ph n 2) Cu 26: c u truc spend time/money (on/in) Ving/N: danh thi gian/ ti n ba c lam gi, i u, u Holiday: t chi v t, nn xem tinh t cua no a phu h p cha? (o c cu 22) Cu 27: d u hi u since, dung vi thi hoan thanh. Cu 28: stop to smoke: dng hut thu c # stop smoking: dng hut thu c Cu 29: cu i u ki n, nhin vao thi cua cu nguyn nhn h qua trn, ta th y ng t thi qua kh , nn c cho qua kh, dung cu iu kin loai 3. Cu 30: xem so sanh b ng Cu 31: xem mu cu thng du ng quy n 1, c u truc qua n ni ai o khng th lam gi . Cu 32: xem mu cu thng du ng, qy n 1 Cu 33: noi mt th ngn ng chung ta dung speak. Cu 34: ngn ng chinh thc = first language Cu 35: dang i chiu, so sanh: as Cu 36: hai danh t i cung vi nhau thng n i b ng gii t of Cu 37: y, trong 4 d ki n, mi mail la khng co s nhi u Cu 38: y th y co radio stations (tram thu hanh) thng dung phat thanh broadcast
Trng THPT L c Ninh Cu 39: y thy bao chi (newspapers) in n (printed) Cu 40: others = other contries (s nhi u m c much hay many? Cu 41: y thy many + N(m c, s nhi u). V y ap an nao phu h p? Cu 42: would that: dang trn thut, nn s du ng recognize Cu 43: ngay cu u tin cua bai o c Cu 44: ngay dong th 2, chu y ch about Cu 45: xem dong th 3 cua bai oc Cu 46: xem cu nay: I moved to London ten years ago but I often return to Newcastle. Cu 47: NOT true: khng ung vi n i dung bai : xem cu nay: A few years ago, the main industries were shipbuilding and
coalmining, but now the chemical and soap industries are important.
Cu 48: chi muc ich vi infinitve (xem relative clause vi ph n tinh l c a i t quan h ) Cu 49: ng la danh t khng m c. K t h p vi cu u: chung ti cn thm ng, vi no co it. Cu 50: Oxford Cambridge la khoang cach.
R t mong la cac em HS se th y tai liu nay co ich. Va ti lun hi vng cac em phai binh tinh, t tin, tranh suy lun khng logic, suy lu n theo cam tinh.
Yours
Trng THPT L c Ninh
Postscript: Do thi gian g p rut va ki n thc co ha n nn tai li u se khng tranh khoi nhng thi u / sai sot. Y kin xin gi theo ia chi: huycomf@gmail.com, ho c qua din an: http://locninh.forumer.com Thank you in advance

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Trng THPT L c Ninh

Ngi bin son: Phan Ngc Huy

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Trng THPT L c Ninh

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

2) Present Progressive (be + V-ing)

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Trng THPT L c Ninh appear seem

3) Present Perfect : Have + Vpp

Dng vi 2 gii t SINCE/FOR+time

4) Present Perfect Progressive : Have been V-ing

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Trng THPT L c Ninh

5) Simple Past: V-ed

6) Past Progresseive: Was/Were + V-ing

Subject + Simple Past while - Subject + Past Progressive

Subject + Past Progressive - when - Subject + Simple Past

N din t 2 hnh ng ang cng lc xy ra trong qu kh.

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Trng THPT L c Ninh

7) Past Perfect: Had + Vpp

8) Simple Future: Will/Shall/Can/May + Verb in simple form

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Trng THPT L c Ninh Cng thc chung:

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Ex: No thanks, I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts.

Ex: Lulu and Joe got maried last week. (informal)

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Trng THPT L c Ninh Tense Simple Progressive Perfect Perfect continuous

Will have been Vpp

: not exist the form of the passive voice

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Trng THPT L c Ninh

S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun

Ex: My house is as high as his.

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

adjective_er adverb_er more + adj/adv less + adj/adv

+ THAN + noun/ pronoun

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Trng THPT L c Ninh

Ex: Incorrect: The salary of a professor is higher than a secretary.

Comparative farther further less more better worse

Superlative farthest furthest least most best worst

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

Ngi bin soa n: Phan Ngoc Huy

1. Cc tr-ng hp Ch ng ng tch khi ng t

Ex: The actress or her manager is going to answer the interview.

2. Cc danh t lun i hi cc ng t v i t i theo chng ngi th 3 s t

Trng THPT L c Ninh

3. Cch s dng None v No

no + {singular noun/non-count noun} + singular verb no + plural noun + plural verb

Ex: No example is relevant to this case.

4. Cch s dng cu trc either...or (hoc...hoc) v neither...nor (khng...m cng khng)

neither + noun + either neither either + noun +

+ plural noun + plural verb + singular noun + singular verb

Ex: Ex: Ex: Ex:

Trng THPT L c Ninh

Congress Organization Government

family team jury