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BOJIocbI CBCTJIhICHJIH TCMHLlC, cnanarounre ua nnexn.

Tun

3.

HHonJ1aHemRHe

ihuHHblMU

60;1ocaMU

14

KOJKa

6enM,

B O,l(HOM

cnysae -

BbICT)'rraIOIlJ,HH

rro,l(-

60PO.n;OK.
IIoBe)I.eHHe

Bespaanasae. B O,l(HOM cnysae ynorpefinemre

rrapa-

nasyromero

opyxam.

B 2-x cnysasx
THIl3.
BapHaHT

TeJIerrarnqeCKaJI

pe-n,

liP83HJIIDI, ApreHTHHa.
PocT-2M. OIle)l(,lIa

3 cnysas, 5 ryMaHOH,l(OB.

Bea CKa~aH,lI,poB. O)1;e)f()J;a - IJ;eJIhHbrn KOM6HHe30H. O)1;HOM crrysae HHOIUIaHeT5lHe 6b1JIH6ocbIMH.


BHeWHQCTh CBeTJIble,

nazraroume na
Teno

IUIellH

BOJIOC}'I.

Kozca 6eJIaJI,.
PYKHH

Jlano

WlCHCToe.

CHJ1hHoe.

O,llHOM cnysae _

Horn nOKa3arIHCb Qpe3MepHO )lJ1HHHhlMH.


llOBe)JeBHe

lie3p33JUJ1IlIe.

Bea OP}')KIDI. Heynorpefirreaae pexn,


THO

4 K arosry ratty OTHOCRTCR ace HHOIIJIaHeTSIHe mHHHCTOn: KO)l(en:. 10 cnysaen, 29 ryMaHOH,l(OB.


THIl4, sapaaar 1

C MOp-

ClIlA. 1 cJIyqan:, 5 f}'MaHOH,!1;OB. POCT: 1 M 70 ~M, O,D;HH HHOIIJIaHeTSlHHH - 1M 50 CM.


Queua

seraepo

no

Bes CKaq,aH.n;pOB. Pyfianrsa


. uaera, aa ronoae
JIeHDImro IIJIOCKHH

H urraau

oepo-seneaoro Caaoro May nee 6hlllH


15

lWIeM.
KOp<YfKHe BOJIOCbI. )l(eHllllfl:'(a,

BHeWHorn. Csernue
AJIHHlIbIe BOJIOCbl.

POCTa, B03M<»KHO, 3TO 6hlJIa

Jbma 6e3 BMpIDKeHml co m;eIDIMH sa Mecre }'3KHH HHCTaSI, CJIOBHOo6o:>IOld5HHaJI.

fJI83.

Hoc

u: OCTpbIH. POT TO)J(enOXO)J(aa II:J;e.m.. KO)Ka MOPIUH-

IIoBe)leHHe

Iloseneaae

Ha6mo,znrreneH.

Bea Opy>IOOI.lIm<a.xHx no2

IIhITOK 6ece.n;oBaTh.

Tan 4, °lleXma

B8pH8.HT

CIlIA. 4 cnysas, 8 ryMaHOHJJ;OB. Pocr 90 CM - 1M 20 CM. Ee3 CICacPaH,lij)OB.


JIeHasI. 06JIenuo~ O)l;IDlQJ;a, cepas HJ1H

ae-

B O,znlOMcnysae sae - na ronose 6eper.

MemOK aa cnaae,

B .npyroM cny-

BHelllHOCTb
rOJ]OBa HOPMaJIbHaJI, HO JIhlCaJI . .J11mo MJlCHCTOe.

Tna-

sa

IIO'ITH

xpyrnsre. POT aanonofiae IUeJIH. Bonsnrae ynra.

Ko)J(a MOPIIUIHHCTaJI HJIH )KeJITOBaTaJI. HJlH nnoraoe.

Teno

HOpMa.JThHOe

IIorum.ewre
2 cnyqaJI.ll:PY:>KecKOro nose.; BpIDK,l.'le6HOrO,

.n.eHIDI, 1 CJl)"Iaii

npa KOrOPOM 6h1JIa nonsrrxa noxameHIDl. Ee30PYJIOOI. B OnHOM crrysae a.Hr.UHiiCKaJI petffi.

Tan 4, BapHaHT 3 Kaaaaa, CIIlA, CI>paHuIDt, Epa3H.JIID1. 5 CJIY1IaeB, 16 ryM8.HOH,nOB. POCT 90 CM - 1M 20 eM. Qlleua Oe3 CICa«PaH.n:pOB. O.n:eQa H3

Tun 4.. HJwnnaHeTl1.JlHeC MOPUluuucmoii KOJICeU

lIIJYX. semeii: 6plOKH ~ HaKH.lnQl.

Use-

16

Ta seneaoaaroro, ceporo HJIHrony6oro. lim ronosaoro y6opa, Y HeKOTOphlX ronoaa 6hlJIanospsrra xamomoaosr HJlH mamo:dt BJJeIIlHOCTb Mopmaaacras KOX<3. Dtaaa J]O'ITH KpyrnLIe. Iio~CU1
roJIOBa, JIhICaJI.Bbl,ll;filO:IlUIHCJI no.n60po):(oK C pe3KOH 60po3,noii. K01K3 06bI1ffiO qepHruI. B OJnfOM cnysae - xpacHOBaI'aJI.,I:{.TnnmbIePYKH H xoporsae Hom. IlOBe)1eHHe 06bJ:11HO 6erCTBO. Opyxme He yrrorpetinanocs. IIo~ nbITOK 6ece,nId He 6hlJlo.
THUS

Haonnaaerane CHeH0PMaJII,HO 6oJThIIIOH ronoBoH 01'HOCHTeJIhHO TeJIa. 11 cnysaes Ha6JDO)lemm.

Tun 5. Huonnauemsne

C HeHOp.MaJlbHO

60JlbUtOU

20flOBOU

17

THII 5, BapHaHT 1 fepMaHIDl, t1>palittmI, Ilepy, ClllA, 4 cnysas. POCT 85 CM - 1M 20 CM.


OZlOKZlCl
Ee3 CKa4>rumpOB. KOM6HHe30H.

Ba-euIHOCTh Bonsnraa ]ThICM ronoaa, Tnasa H Hoe - HopManbHble. Illaposas rpy,lU:>, KOp<YI'KHe Horn. Koaca 6eJJaR.
IloBe.zteBHe

. Iloseaenae .lW}')KecKoe mul6ercTBo.


IIpHMeHeHIDI naparrasyiomero

O,LJ;HHerrytlaii oPY1KIDl. He pasrosapasann.

THIJ 5, BapHaHT 2
BeHecY3JIa, <I>paHu.WI, HTaJlHSl, HcnaHH5I. IIlBeu.WI.

7 cnysaes.
~a

POCT

90

eM - 1M

20

CM.

&3 CKarPaH.lq)OB. KOM6UHe30H.

TJDKeJIaJI 06YSb.
6o.nJ,llIHe IJI33a.

BHeWHOCTh'
JioJIbillU JlbICU: ronoaa, Ma.lIbHWI H.1IH teMHrul.

Kpyrnue

Hoc
HOp·

- ocrpua, IlIHpOKWI rpy,zu" KOpoTIOfe nora. Koxm lJoBe,lleHHe

B 3-x ~8JIX - 6erCTBO. B 2-x cnyqan - .n}l}')KeCKOe oseneaae. n B 2-x cnyqan - Bp~e6Hoe nOBe,lJ;eHHe. ' B 2-x cnysasx - Pa3fOBOP aa HerrOHHTHOM H3bIKe.
TBD6

Teno noxpsrro mepcrsio. 7 cnyxaea , 4 BO <l>paHUHH, 3 B BeHeCY3J1e, scero 11


ryMaHOImOB.

18

Tun 6. Huonnanemsne
Ha6JIlO,!l8JIHCb TOJlbKO B POCT-

noxpumue uiepcmsto

90

CM -1M

1954 rony 20 eM.

Bea CKaq,aH):ij)OB. Osesaaao, 003 O.ZJ;eQhl. B O,lUiOM cnysae o.ZJ;e~ noxoxaa aa cyraHY. Boopyxeasr <crpy{)K3.MID>, HCnyCK3lOID;HMH OCJIeIIJDlIOl.I\He BCI1blII1lCH.

Omm<.zm

BuenwOCTh

.
BKJIlOtlWI JlHJ.lO. fJI333

Cnnoms noxpsrrsr mepcrsro,


6om,nm:e.

IloBelIewre B 3-x c.nytWIX

B Z-x cnysasx B 2-x cnysaax B 2-x ~ux -

-;-6ercTBo.
J:q»)')KeCKOe.

BpIDK,lJ;e6Hoe.
Pa3I'OBOP

na HenOIDITHOM

R3h1Ke.

THO

B ,ZJPIXaTeJlbHbIX

MaCKax

7 (HaTIo):l06He IIpOTHBOI'830B), 19

see TeJloo6.neqeao B meDOM (T<»Ke npoTHBOI'83HoroTHIIa).


Bcrpesanacs B crpaaax: B Hpane, ABcTpamm, CIlIA, Bpa:mmm. 2 CJIylIWI- pocr 1M 70 CM - 2 M. 2 C.nyqWl- MaJleHLKOI'O pOCTa.
I1oBe;Iemre

B 2-x cnytlaJIX- ~y>I<ecTBeHHoe . .B 2-x CJIy'IruIX - BpruKJle6Hoe. B I-M cnysae - pa3I'OBOp 1I0-aHI'.JIHiicKH. B I-M CJIy1I3e pasroaop no-nopryranscxa, Tao 8
Bee B cxaq,aH,Ztpax, MaJIeHLKOI'Opocra 24 cnysaa, aafimoJl8J10cL 32 HHOlIJlaHenlHHHa.
THIl8, BapHaHT 1 . Ha6JI1O.D:aJIHCb B CTpaHax: BO <VpaHUHH, liP83H.JlHH, CIlIA, Kaaane, ~, l-lTaJIHH, sa OCTpOBaX MH.zndicKOro

oxeaaa, Bcero 14 cnyqaeB. POCT 90 eM - 1 M 20 eM.


OUCiKua H 8HeJIIHOCTI,. B Cxa(j)aa.n:p8X, IC8.K yxce 6h1J1o B rex cnysasx, KOr.na sepes W11eMCBH,ZleTeJUlM y,l{aJIOCL YBH,l{eTO HHllO - KOlKa 61d.J1a o.IniHX CJl)"WlX 6er
CKa3aHO. JIlUI, B ,tq)yrHX TeMHWI. BKJDOlJ.3J1a 6eJIOI«»KHX

B I-M cnysae rpynna


H TeMHOKO)KHX.

ryM8HOH,llOB

IloB~CHHe
06LJ11HO -

6ercmo.

npy>ICecKOenoseneaae. B I-M cnyqae - .D:HaJIor o-aHrnHiicKH. n


CJIy1IaJIX -

B 2-x

THIl8, BapIWlT 2 IiplPH.lIHJl, <l>paHUIDl, HTaJOOl, repMamuJ, CIlIA. 10

20

cnysaea.

POCT IM-l

M 60 CM.
KOTOporo H3lIOMHHaeT KOM-

D.zle>Kaa

H BUetUHOC'll.

CKa4>a.H,Zql (HJ[)I(I{SISI 1I8CTb 6HHe30H). Ha I'p)'.l(" JIIlMIIa.


HOCJIT

op)')KHe (KpOMe 2-x cnysaea) B Bu,nenansono.zt06HoHTJ>y6KH, HO:frO opysore ynorpedneao Be 6WIO. <Pomph x<eB POJIH opyxmB yrrorpednsnca.
ITOBeJlCHHe.

JiefCTBO, HJIH arpeccas, IIyqKOM caera BbI31dB8J1H napaJIH'l (1 crryqaii) HJIH nOTepIO C03H8.HHJI (1 c.nyq:aii). THo 9

B cKatPrumpax. Cpenaero poera.

Tun 7. HHOnflaHemRHe 8 dbuame.nbHblX MOCKQX Tun 8. B CKO(j>aHdpax ,MaJleHbKOZOpocma Tun 9. B CKOPOHdpax cpeoueeo pocma 21

ApreHTHHa, lfcIIaHIDI, E~HJIIDI, 1ioJnmruI, 4>H.mmmt:RbI,

HT3JlIDI,CIlIA.
10 cnysaes, 23 HHOIlJIaHennDlHa.

Poor IM80cM-2M. Qaexom C~hl. B 6-rn CJIyqMX


OpYiJOOl He aocsr, BHenm:OCTh

CKacpmmphlfinecrJIIUHe.

B 3~xc.rryqWJX lllJIeMhl6hIJIH IIp03pa'IIHhIMH. Jlauo ,ZtJIHHHoe, rnasa my60I{Q nocaseaaste. KmIca 6eJIWI. TeJIa crpoanue,
nOBe.zIeHHe
)4>yxceCKOe.
H}'TPh

B I-M cnysae

CBH,Il,eTeJIb 6hIJI B3JIT BOB-

nerarensaoro OOneKTa, 3aTeM B03Bpa.m;eH aa MeCTO. 3 CJI)"IWI pasrosopa aa senoaarnoa H3bIKe.

Tun 10. B

cKatjJaHdpax

C KPY211blMU znasauu

22

Tau

to

B cKacpaH,1ij>ax, POCT 2 M - 2 M 50 CM, rJI33a xpyrnae, ApreHTHHa, Bpaaanax, CllIA. 4 CJlY'I8:H, 11 HHOIlJlaHeTIIH.

<l.l©K.IIa
CKacP3.H,l:lphl BHelIlHOC'I'h

npo3palfllhIe

IUIH 6necTslllUle. B O,llHOM

cnysae opysne (rpydxa),

HO He

ynotpe6JD1J10CL.

EOJILIII3JI xpyrnas ronoaa, nosra Jlh1C8JI.liOJILmHe spyrmae rnasa, B ztayx cnyaasx KO)Ka xpacaaa, B O,ll;HOM: -6enu. IloBe.aeIDIe ,zw)')KeCKOe.

B O,nHOM cnyqae - pa3ro· B?p aa HeIIOIDITHOM J13}'IKe.

Tan 11

B CKaCPaH,llpax,
BhICOI(oro

pocra (no 2,5 M),


O)UlOTJIa3LIe. ApreHTHHa, BpasaJImI, lJH.nH.

4 c.ny-

lfaJI,

13 HHOflJIa-

HeTIIH.

Oneua
CxacpaH.n- , psr, Illnea npo3paQHLIU. Cxa-

cprump (KOCTIOM)
23

Tun 11.

BblCOKUe

cxatpanopax

C OOHUM

TeMHhlH, HJIII C

2JlCl3OM

MeTaJLllH1IeCKHM

5neCKOM.

B 3-x cJl)"I8.HXaa ronose 6hl.ll CBeTJIIlUriiCJI rrpeznser,

Opyxom He HOCRT. BHeIIIHOCTh


I

TOJIbKO O,llHH nUl3. Ionosa HOPMaJILHaJI, JIhlCaJI.

Ho

B O,IVlOM cnysae

,ll.IIHHHhleBOJIOCbI.Hoca Her, ymeii Her. B I-M cnysae I'Jl83Hhle Jy6b1 HeHopMam.HOH ,ll,lllIHhl. B .npyroM cniIae - KOlKa
Kp8C1WI.

lIoBe.ueHHe
~}')KeCKOe, ,llIDICeKOronaCBH,nereJIH aa aax H8lIaJIH (B

2-x cnysasx),

HO pym H8II8J1,8B1IIHX

6bllIH napanH30BaHbl

He-

Be,llOMOH CHJIOH

6e3

BH,!lHMOro

npHMeHeHIDI KaKOro-JlH60

opymm. Tan 12
()qeHb
BhlCOKOro

pocra, no 3 M, B CKaf}JaH,lIJlax..Ap.AH:rmf.g.

reHTHHa, IIoJl'IYT3.ITH'l, lliOTJIa.HJUUI,


HHOIIJIaHeTIm:.

5 cnysaee, 11

POCT

or

40

CM ,no

5 M.

OueEna
CKaqJrumpbI - npo3palfHhle, MeraJlJlHlleCKHe, 6necrg-

~e,cB~ecjf.

BHeIIIHOCTh
Teno HOPM8JIbHbIX nporropnaa,
HO,

nosropaea,

Ol.Jem.

BldCOICHH

poet,

IlOBe.,lleHHe
,l{pyx<:ecme. 1 c.rryqaii ,llHaJIora.
THO

13 (UOBbiR
C.nYq8JlX

THO)
B

Ha6J11O,lJ;aJIHCb
24

rpex

IIepy

1965 r.

HB

Aprenraae B 1969 r. zrsa CJIyIl8JI, scero 12 HHOIIJIaHeTJIH. POCT 80 CM.

<mama

Bes CKac)?aH.UPOB.

BHelllHOC'Th
O.zU:lOrJ183hIe. Bea Op}IXOOI.
HOM ~ae,ltJlHHHlde

B 0):(-

.BonOey.

IloBeJlemre
Bespaanmaoe. HmcaIroii 6ece,llEd. Oc06lde CJIY'l8R 3m 6 cnysaes, OIlHCaHHe ICOTOpbIX He nonxonar HH K O~OMy 83 OnHCaHHhIX ssmre 13-TH ranos, 1 c.rryqaH . POCT 1 M. Cepas one>K,lla. Jlano
K8K

YJIJII'YIIIKH. Ceposaraa

KO>l(8.

Teno

aCHMMeTpH'lHO (cnpasa IUHpe,

npasas

pysa anaanee JIeBOH). Ha PYKaX.IroITH.

2c.nyqaii
POCT

1 M.

rOJII~]H.

fOJIOBa

HOp-

MJILmHe zpyrJIlde mala. POT - m;eJlb. Ynm KaK Y nezyqeH MblllIH, Hom KOpOTIGle, PYKH
Ma.JIbHOH BeJIH1IRHhI.

,IJ,JIHHHble,
POCT

C KOITIfMH.

3cnyq:aii:

4-5

M. O):(ellC,lla TeMH8JI.

KaCKa C8.HTeHHoii. 4c~~ POCT 80 CM. O.n;HH fH83 •

5 cnyq:aii:

25

TeJIo nospsrro JIeHTaMH cepe6PJlIIOI'O II 30JI0T0ro nsera, OJUIH mas.


POCT CM.

80

6Cnytlaii
CymeCTBO, ODHCaHHoe KaK

«M8JIeHh~
pOTOBoe

KaK >KeHIn;HHID>. OqeHL 6onbIDoe

orsepcrae. 3aoC'T'¢HHLleynra.

CnyqaHcMemaHRWX3KHoa.ea
B 3THX cnysasx JIHCb rpynna cymecrs,
pa3HbIM THI1aM. (1I3

rpex) Ha6mo.llaK

npHH3,lVIe>KaBIImX

C.lI)"IaH 1. <»paHI(HJI, 18 OKTJl6pg 1954 r. Tan 1, napnairr 1 II ran 2. C~aii 2. bpa3lfJIID1, RHBaph 1958 r. THIl3, BapHaHT 2 H mn 3, BapHaHT 3 C.nyqaii 3. liP83H1IHa:, 25 <peBPaIDl 1966 r. Tan 8, BapHaHT 2 II TIIII 9.

C.riyqaH Be qeJIOBeKooo~06Boii tjtoPMLI CnytmH 1. <I>paHUIDI, 27.1X.1954. Cyniecraa B t}l0pMe «K}'CKa caxapa, pasnaoeauoro
nOBepXHOCTh BHI.f3y})~

6neCT1IlI(aH. Cnyqaii 2. C~ Kaca6.rram<a, 22 amycra 1955. CymellOXOlICHe aa IIpHBH.U:eHIDl. POCT- 1M. Por H IJIa3a

CTBa,

6o.rn.-

IIIHe HKpaCHhIe. Teno np03p2qJJoe, HOfHHe IIpOCMaIpIfB8JICb.

Cn.yqaii: J. CIllA, 16.lleKa6pg 1957. POCT 1 M 20 CM. qeTbIpexyro.m,HaJI roJIOBa H reno B 4>opMe KOJIOKOJla.
Cnyqaii4. Illnenas, 26 20 neKa6pg 1958. Cepsre, axop-

q.lfide, lKeJIaTHHono,l{06Hhle cymecraa, POCT

1 M,

UIHpHHa

40

eM.

Maneasxae tnapsr

aa

Mecrepyx.

Cuyqaii 5,
Cynrecrsa
- POCT

lITIlJIIDI,

29 anpens 1960.

B KOM6HHe30Hax nma cICal}>a:H;lpa

1 M. Bssecro pyx aesro, rroxoxee na

M3JIem.me KpbIJIMI

Cnyqaii 6. Bpa3HJIID1, 20.VIllr1962. Kpyrnag cpoPMa rena, MaJIeHhK3Jl I'OJIOBa, K'Oporxae IIDHe1ffiOCTH. POCT 1M 20 CM. BepxfUUI

saers O,ll;e)fC,!Ud BeTHTCJI. C

Cuytraii 6.
Cymecma

AHrJIIDI,

6e3 roJIOBLI.

16 HOJl6pJI 1963. POCT 1 M 70 CM. K<mca

KpIdJIbJl, rroxosore na KpbIJlMI neryqeii MhIIllH. Cuyqaii 7 CIlIA, 23 OKTIl6pJl 1965. Qmnm.zij)tAec· KHe mp06m 15 eM BbICOTbI. PyKH - CnHqK}f. - Cnyqaii 8. Aacrpanas, 15 nmapJl1969. POCTBtpOe BMIDe seaoaesecsoro. CbopMa aMopcPHU.· QBeT rrypnypHhIii. KoHe'E(HOCTH - oCTplJe.
qepHWI.

Bcero Ilepeapa H3~ 230 HHOUJIaHeTIIH, KYJO craracrasy OR npHBO.znrr:


CTaTHCTHKaTBDOBOPY*HB

H BOT xa-

Bcero 20 cnysaea, sorna aaonnaaeraae 61d1IH soopyiKeKLl, Ii 12- Kor,M OHM IIpHMeHKlIH opyxme. Tpy6Ka - 13 cnysaea.
CBeninumCJIliiap
TJIHHH nO.n;HHMaeT

- 3 c.n:yrRUI

(KOmB HHOlIDaaeCM, ec.rru:)I(e

map, OH BhI3bIB3eT nOTepIO

map onymen,

OR

He OKa3h1B3eT HKK3KOro B03)].eiiCTBHJI).

27

Crpys IUIaMeHH JlaMIIa (4KlUap&) Kop06Ka na rpYJnl

-lc~aii
-1 cnyqaii -1 cnyq:aii -1 cnyqaii
U8 3eMROro QeJIOBeK8:

IIpe.AMeT na nosce
Bo3,l(eBCTBBe

opyxarw

Il.apanHtI Iloreps CM Iloreps C03HaHIDI Oxrom Ilaneaae H3.33,]:{


Q)1BCTBOC)J{2TIDI B rp}')UI

- 14 cnyqaeB - 6 cnysaea - 3 CJIy1IU - 3 CJI}"IaJI - 2 cnysaa


- 1 cny1IaH

CMepn. - 1 c.nytIaii. 3.nec& npaseaeao 20 cnysaea, xors IIpHMeHeHHe opy)J(ID( 6h1Jlo B 12 C.nyqWIX, HO B HeKOTOpblXcnysaax opyxae
OKa3LIBa.JIOOAHOBpeMeHHo pasaae Bo3,I{eiiCTBIDI.
TIoBe,lleBBe BHORJI8neTIlB DO OTHOWeRBIO K CBII,lle-

TeJlHM

IIpH6nmKeHHe Berorso
BpalK,lle6HOC'I'b _

Hananeane
Hananeaae

HHOIIJIaHeTJIH

aa .JIIQIJ;eii

-24cnyqu -27cnyqaeB - 27 cnysaea -12 cnysaes


- 8 c.rry'laeB - 3 cnysaa

JlIO.ll;eH aa IDIOIDIaHeTSIH

bOPb6a
CJl}"IaHHoe BaCHJIHe
IIneHeHHe c nOCJIe~mHM

-4 cnysas
-10cnyqaeB

oCBo6o)K,lJ;eHHeM
<bH3H'1eCKOe H~eHHe

csaaerenea
CMO'IpeJIH

yrposcaronte

- 3 CJJ. - 5 CJJ.

28

~ecmeHHOCTh

aJ MHollJIaHeTIlHe YJILl6a.JIHCb

35 CJI. - 7 eJI. 6 CJI.

6/ ~yxcecKH
CBMeTeIDI

KJl3.JIH

PYXY aa nneso
-

s! IIpom1IB81IH PYKY BJIH .nenaJIH )f(eCThI B CTOPOHY CBlI,llereJIJI - 22 ca. K .npyxcecmeHHOMy noeeaemno cnenyer OTHeCTH H 6ece.uy co CBH,Z!;ereJUIMH, scero - 40 CJI.
Ha61I1Ql1.eHHe

- 17 CJl.

lie3pa3JIwme

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. 29

Iloaenenae naonnauersn na
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Pocr

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(Onpeztenen B 198 cnysaax). OT 70 CM )].0 1 M 60 CM. - 123 en. OT 70 eM )];0 1M - 59 en, OT 1 M 25 ,l.l0 1 M 60 CM - 18 err, npocro «MaJIeHbKllH» - 46 en. OT 1 M 65 eM no 1 M 85 CM - 43 en. OT 2 M no 3 M - 26 CJI. Or 4 M ,l.l0 5 M - 3 en.
{(MHKpocKOIIWleCKlle»

(62%) (30%) (9%) (23%). (22%). (14%). (1,5%).

(15 eM) Ilaer


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49

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§ 7. ITpe)J;BCJIOBBe
B 1929 rozy
sa BOJIHe 75 MeTpOB

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51

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52

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