Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chng 1: M u
2004, HONG MINH SN
12/08/2006
Ni dung chng 1
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Gii thiu mn hc Cc khi nim c bn Mc ch iu khin Cu trc c bn mt HT KQT Cc chc nng iu khin qu trnh Cc nhim v pht trin h thng M t chc nng h thng
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IU KHIN QU TRNH
Mc tiu ca mn hc
Sinh vin nm c cc khi nim v kin thc c s phc v:
Tm hiu, phn tch yu cu iu khin ca cc qu trnh cng ngh t bi ton iu khin cho tng yu cu c th Thit k sch lc iu khin ph hp vi yu cu v vi m hnh qu trnh Chn la gii php thit b o, thit b chp hnh v thit b iu khin
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Cc ni dung cp chnh
Tng quan v h thng iu khin qu trnh
Cc thnh phn c bn Cc chc nng v nhim v M t chc nng, lu P&ID
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Phng php nh gi kt qu
Th nghim kt hp bi tp ln: 2 phn
Kho st i tng bnh mc (i tng m phng) v xy dng m hnh thc nghim Thit k sch lc v thut ton iu khin
im nh gi
Kt qu th nghim/bi tp ln: Thi cui k (vn p) 20% 80%
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iu khin qu trnh:
Mc ch, nhim v Mt s quan im trong nh ngha
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QU TRNH K THUT
Bin cn iu khin
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Bin qu trnh
Bin cn iu khin (controlled variable): Bin ra, i lng h trng ti s vn hnh an ton, n nh hoc cht lng sn phm, cn c duy tr ti mt gi tr t, hoc bm theo mt tn hiu ch o Bin iu khin (control variable, manipulated variable): Bin vo can thip c theo mun tc ng ti i lng cn iu khin Nhiu: Bin vo khng can thip c:
Nhiu qu trnh (disturbance, process disturbance) nhiu u vo (input disturbance): bin thin cc thng s u vo (lu lng, nhit hoc thnh phn nguyn liu, nhin liu) nhiu ti (load disturbance): thay i ti theo yu cu s dng (lu lng dng chy, p sut hi nc, ...) nhiu ngoi sinh (exogenous disturbance): nhit , p sut bn ngoi, ... Nhiu o, nhiu tp (noise, measurement noise)
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Bin vo
Nhiu Fo
Bin ra
h Fo
Bin iu khin Fi
Qu trnh bnh mc
Bin cn iu khin h
a) S cng ngh
b) S khi
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V d: b gia nhit
TH 1 , wH
TC1 , wC
TC 2
TH 2
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Nh my in:
Cng ngh l hi Cng ngh turbin
Nh my lc du, ha du:
Cng ngh chng ct, tinh luyn Cng ngh l phn ng lin tc, theo m
Vn :
Hng nghn im o, hng trm i lng cn iu khin Cc qu trnh tng tc qua li i hi an ton, tin cy rt cao
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V d: L hi
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Bnh cha hi lu Nc lnh Bnh cp thnh phn B THP CHNG CT Bnh phn ng Hi lu Sn phm nh
Gia nhit
Sn phm y
Gia nhit ha hi T
Nc lnh
Bung lm lnh
H?i n??c
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Nhim v t ra
Can thip mt cch hiu qu cc i lng u vo ca qu trnh k thut cc i lng u ra ca n tha mn cc ch tiu cho trc trong khi c tc ng ca nhiu v thng tin khng chnh xc v i tng Gim thiu nh hng xu ca qu trnh k thut i vi con ngi v mi trng xung quanh Vai tr ca k thut iu khin t ng!
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L thuyt iu khin t ng
d r e B iu khin u i tng y
Phng php phn tch i tng Phng php thit k b iu khin Phng php phn tch, nh gi cht lng h thng iu khin
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Phm vi ng dng: Cng nghip ch bin, khai thc & nng lng Bi ton c th v quan trng nht: iu chnh i tng iu khin: Qu trnh cng ngh
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1.2 Mc ch iu khin
1. m bo h thng vn hnh n nh, trn tru: m bo cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, ko di tui th my mc, vn hnh thun tin 2. m bo nng sut v cht lng sn phm: thay i tc sn xut theo mun, gi cc thng s cht lng sn phm bin ng trong gii hn qui nh 3. m bo vn hnh an ton: nhm mc ch bo v con ngi, my mc, thit b v mi trng 4. Bo v mi trng: Gim nng cc cht c hi trong kh thi, nc thi, gim bi, gim s dng nguyn liu v nhin liu 5. Nng cao hiu qu kinh t, tng li nhun: gim chi ph nhn cng, nguyn liu v nhin liu, thch ng nhanh vi yu cu thay i ca th trng
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c1 F1
c2 F2
cu t A
c F
n nh h thng
Cc i lng cn n nh trong v d:
Mc trong bnh trn Nng ca A trong sn phm
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An ton h thng
Li thit b, ng truyn -> sch lc iu chnh thng thng khng p ng c.
Trong v d, c th cn t cm bin (logic) bo trn hoc cn bnh, qu tc, qu dng ng c khuy -> iu khin ri rc ng c v cc van an ton
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Bo v mi trng
Cc dy chuyn cng ngh ngy nay c thit k vi nhiu yu cu gim nhim mi trng:
Gim nhin liu tiu th Gim s dng nc sch
Cc thit k "recycling" to tnh phi tuyn cao v tng tc ln trong h thng => vai tr ca cc phng php iu khin hin i Yu cu cao hn trong cc tiu chun quc gia v quc t v x l nc thi v kh thi
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Hiu qu kinh t
Cc yu cu c th:
Cht lng n nh (nng A trong sn phm) Nng sut thch ng vi yu cu th trng (lin quan ti lu lng sn phm ra) Tiu hao nng lng thp (cho ng c khuy v cho cc van iu khin) Tc ng iu khin m , trn tru (tc ng c cng nh m van t khi phi thay i hoc thay i chm)
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iu khin c s
iu chnh (regulatory control)
iu chnh t ng iu chnh bng tay
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iu khin cao cp
iu khin qun l m (Batch management) iu khin cht lng (Quality control), iu khin thng k (Statistical Process Control, SPC) Ti u ha qu trnh (Process Optimization), iu khin ti u ha (Optimizing Control)
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Tham s
Trng thi
u vo
THIT B IU KHIN
u ra
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Tn hiu o
Thit b o
i lng o
Set Point (SP), Set Value (SV) Control Signal, Controller Output (CO) Control Variable, Manipulated Variable (MV) Controlled Variable (CV), Process Value (PV) Measured Variable
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Thit b o qu trnh
Thit b o / B chuyn i
i lng cn o (Nhit , p sut, mc, lu lng,..)
Cm bin
Chuyn i o
Measurement device: Thit b o, vd o nhit , p sut, nng Transducer: B chuyn i theo ngha rng, v d p sut-dch chuyn, dch chuyn-in p Sensor: Cm bin, cng l mt dng chuyn i, vd cp nhit, ng venturi, siu m,.. Sensor element: Cm bin, phn t cm bin Signal conditioning: iu ha tn hiu Transmitter: Chuyn i tn hiu + truyn pht tn hiu chun
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Thit b iu khin
Thit b iu khin
X l u vo
X l u ra
Tn hiu o
Tn hiu iu khin
Gi tr t/ Tn hiu ch o
Control equipment: Thit b iu khin, vd PLC, IPC, Digital Controller, DCS Controller,... Controller: B iu khin, c th hiu l
C thit b iu khin, hoc Ch ring khi tnh ton iu khin, vd PI, PID, FLC, ON/OFF,...
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Khi iu khin
Actuator: Thit b chp hnh, c cu chp hnh (van iu khin, my bm, qut gi, chn gi, r-le,...) Actuator, actuating element: c cu dn ng, phn t dn ng (ng c in, khi chuyn i dng-kh nn, cun ht t,...) Final control element: Phn t chp hnh (thn van, tip im, si t)
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Vn hnh (Operation) Gim st, theo di (Monitoring) Chn on (Diagnosis) Giao din ngi-my (Human-Machine Interface, HMI)
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V d: iu khin mc
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Ch th (Indication) v iu khin (Control) chnh p (Differential Pressure), vng loop 103. Bo ng (Alarm) vt ngng trn (High) nhit (Temperature), cnh gii qu nhit vng loop 104. M s vng loop, im o
TAH 104
P D I C-103
Ch ci u: Bin o hoc khi to Ch ci ph: B sung cho ch u Cc ch ci sau: Cc chc nng ch th, b ng hoc u ra
T A H-104
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ngha cc ch ci
Ch ci u
Bin o hoc khi to B sung, thay i
Cc ch ci ng sau
Chc nng ch th hoc b ng Alarm T chn T chn Control T chn Chc nng u ra B sung, thay i
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Analysis Burner, Combustion T chn T chn Voltage Flow Rate T chn Hand Current Power Time, Time Schedule Level T chn Momentary Scan Time Rate of Change Ratio (Fraction) Differential
Sensor
Control Station Light Low Middle T chn T chn 2005-2008,T chn HMS 48
N T 1: M Chngchn u
ngha cc ch ci (tip)
Ch ci u
Bin o hoc khi to T chn Pressure, Vacuum Quantity Radiation Speed, Frequency Temperature a bin (Universal) Vibration, Mech. Analysis Weight, Force Khng xp loi Event, State, Presence Position, Dimension Trc X Trc Y Trc Z Safety B sung, thay i
Cc ch ci ng sau
Chc nng ch th hoc b ng Orifice, Restriction Point (Test Connection) Record Switch Transmit a chc nng a chc nng Valve, Damper, Louver Well Khng xp loi Khng xp loi Relay, Compute, Convert Driver, Actuator, Phn t K 2005-2008, HMS 49 Khng xp loi a chc nng Chc nng u ra B sung, thay i
O P Q R S T U V W X Y
Integrate, Total
Z Chng 1: M u
Chc nng
iu khin ON/OFF hoc chuyn mch (Switch) Cng hoc tng (cng v tr), vi 2 hoc nhiu u vo Hiu (vi hai hoc nhiu u vo) dch (1 u vo) Trung bnh Khuch i (u vo : u ra) Nhn, chia (2 hoc nhiu u vo) Cn bc hai Ly tha Hm Tng cng Chn gi tr ln nht Chn gi tr nh nht o ngc Bin i (E, H, I, O, P, R) Tch phn (theo thi gian) o hm hoc tc Nghch o o hm
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V d: iu khin vng kn
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Thit k sch lc iu khin L thuyt iu khin t ng Thit k thut ton iu khin Cng ngh h thng iu khin Cng ngh phn mm cng nghip Kinh nghim t cc d n khc
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H THNG IU KHIN
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