Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BI TP LN MN HC
THIT K V PHN TCH THUT TON
ti:
BI TON CI TI
H NI 2011
Mc lc
Mc lc.............................................................................................................................................................2
Gii thiu :........................................................................................................................................................3
Chng I : Bi ton ci ti................................................................................................................................4
Gii thiu......................................................................................................................................................4
Bi ton ci ti dng 0-1...............................................................................................................................4
Bi ton ci ti dng phn s........................................................................................................................5
Chng 2: Gii bi ton ci ti bng thut ton trc tip (Brute-force)............................................................5
Chng 3: Gii bi ton ci ti bng thut ton tham lam................................................................................5
3.1 Greedy 1.................................................................................................................................................5
3.2 Greedy 2.................................................................................................................................................5
3.3 Greedy 3.................................................................................................................................................5
3.4 Greedy 4.................................................................................................................................................5
3.5 Thc hin bi ton ci ti theo Greedy 3 bng C++................................................................................6
Chng IV: Gii bi ton ci ti bng thut ton quy hoch ng...................................................................7
4.1 M t:.....................................................................................................................................................7
4.2 Nhn xt:................................................................................................................................................8
Ti liu tham kho chnh:.................................................................................................................................9
Gii thiu :
Bo co ny s trnh by v cc thut ton gii quyt bi ton ci ti. Trong c s dng 2
gii thut l: gii thut tham lam (Greedy) v Quy hoch ng (Dynamic progaming). T a ra
cc nh gi v phc tp ca thut ton v la chn phng n ti u.
Xin chn thnh cm n thy Nguyn c Ngha gip em thc hin bi ton ny
H Ni thng 12 nm 2011
Chng I : Bi ton ci ti
Gii thiu.
Bi ton ci ti (hay cn gi l bi ton xp ba l) l mt bi ton ti u t hp. Bi ton
c t tn t vn chn nhng g quan trong c th nht va vo mt ci ti (vi gii hn khi
lng) mang theo trong mt chuyn i.
Ni dung bi ton nh sau: Mt k trm t nhp vo mt ca hiu tm thy c n mt hng c
trng lng v gi tr khc nhau, nhng hn ch mang theo mt ci ti c sc cha v trng lng
ti a l M. Vy k trm nn b vo ti nhng mn no v s lng bao nhiu t gi tr cao
nht trong kh nng m hn c th mang i c.
l mt bi ton quyt nh
l mt bi ton 0/1
3.2 Greedy 2
3.3 Greedy 3
3.4 Greedy 4
Gi
l li gii t
Kt qu thu c
Chng IV: Gii bi ton ci ti bng thut ton quy hoch ng.
4.1 M t:
Vi mi
v
, xt bi ton
. Tnh
l tng
gi tr ln nht ca cc vt c chn trong s k vt u tin v c tng trng
lng khng qu S.
C tt c
bi ton. Bi ton cn gii l
Gi tr ti u cn tm l
Vi k=1 ta c
o
o
Ga s tnh c
vi mi
v
. Khi , tnh
ta c th lp lun nh sau
o Nu
th vt th k khng th cht vo ti, do cch cht ti u
ch c th s dng k-1 vt trc v c gi tr l
o Nu
th cch cht ti u cn la chn trong 2 cch cht sau
Khng cht vt k vo ti, khi gi tr ca cch cht ti u s l