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t. Cc t np th h mi ch bo c chm t bng n Led (thng th bo khi chm t +- 8mA). Chm t DC rt nguy him: Nu chm mt im th s gy st p h thng c quy. Gy nh hng dy chuyn n my np v h thng bnh c quy ti trm. Chm t hai im c th s gy ra tnh trng ni tt tip im ca rle lm bo v b kch hot -> s c gi c th lm nhy my ct gy gin on cung cp in.
- Cch xc nh chm t DC: Thng thng ti bng phn phi DC c kha kim tra xem chm t thanh ci no, bn vn kha sang bn thanh (+) nu ng h Von ch th gi tr 0U<1/2Um th xy ra chm t thanh ci dng, mc chm t ph thuc vo gi tr in p m ng h ch th (chm t th gi tr ln, chm hn th gi tr bng 0), ngc li i vi thanh ci (-). Khi 1 thanh ci b chm t th in p o c ca thanh ci kia cng vi in p cn li ca thanh b chm t ng bng in p nh mc. Nu khng c kha kim tra, bn dng vn nng o gia tng thanh ci vi t v kt qu cng nh trn xc nh. - Khi chm t 1 im th khng vn g c bi v thanh dng v thanh m u cch in vi t, nguy him l khi xy ra chm im th 2. y l s nguyn l ca mch ng, ct ca mt my ct:
V d ang b chm t thanh ci (+) ti im N1, v my ct ang ng. + Nu xy ra chm t tip im N2, aptomat ngun thao tc s nhy do ngn mch (+) v (-), mt ngun thao tc v my ct s khng ct khi xy ra s c v s gy nhy vt cp; + Nu xy ra chm t ti N3, nt ct b ni tt, (+) ngun thao tc s c cp vo cun ct v ct my ct mc d khng c s c, lc ny khng th ng my ct c do cun ct lun c in p nn ng vo li b ct ngay ra (do khng c s c nn bo v r le khng c tn hiu i khi ng AR); + Nu xy ra chm t ti N4, do my ct ang ng nn tip im thng ng ca n m, cha c iu g xy ra, nu ct my ct th lp tc tip im thng ng ca n ng li, (+) ngun thao tc s c cp vo cun ng v li ng li my ct, trng hp ny th khng ct c my ct, nguy him nht l khi b s c, bo v a lnh i ct my nhng c ct ra li b ng vo nn s rt nguy him, c th gy n my ct. Trn y mnh ch a ra vi v d nh vy, nhng trng hp khc bn t xem xt.
- Thm mt cch khc xc nh chm t DC: Ti bng phn phi DC c kha v ng h o Ohm kim tra xem chm t thanh ci no, bn vn kha sang bn thanh (+) nu ng h Ohm ch th gi tr R<=100kilo Ohm th xy ra chm t thanh ci dng, mc chm t ph thuc vo gi tr in tr m ng h ch th (chm t th gi tr ln, chm nng th gi tr Ohm gi tr di 60 kilo Ohm), Tng t, bn vn kha sang bn thanh (-) kim tra chm t thanh ci m. Nu ng h Ohm ch th gi tr R<=100kilo Ohm th xy ra chm t thanh ci m, mc chm t ph thuc vo gi tr in tr m ng h ch th (chm t th gi tr ln, chm nng th gi tr Ohm gi tr di 60 kilo Ohm). Mt s nguyn nhn thng gp: - Chut cn trc v dy in; - V sinh cc t in DC: m, mng nhn, bi; - Cc mi ni dy in khng t yu cu;
- Vt vn ti cc hng kp b lng; - R st... Cch tm im chm t: Tm bng phng php loi tr. Ln lt OFF cc CB ti ca h thng DC, v kim tra cch in ca phn cn li. Nu sau khi OFF mt CB no m h thng ht chm t, th ta xc nh c im chm t nm pha sau CB .