Chuong 04 Data Link

Chng 4: Lin kt d liu (data link)
Bi Vn Hiu Email: bvhieu@cse.hcmut.edu.vn
Vn khi trao i d liu

Mt s vn khi hai thit b kt ni trc tip truyn nhn d liu
ng b khung iu khin tc truyn d liu X l li gp phi trn ng truyn nh v a ch (trong cu hnh multipoint) Phn bit d liu v thng tin iu khin Qun l lin kt
B mn K thut my tnh Khoa Cng ngh thng tin
Ni dung
iu khin dng d liu iu khin li Mt s nghi thc iu khin lin kt d liu
Ni dung
iu khin dng d liu
iu khin li Mt s nghi thc iu khin lin kt d liu
iu khin dng d liu

Bn nhn thng c b m nhn d liu Khi d liu n, bn nhn thng thc hin mt s x l trc khi gi ln lp cao hn iu khin dng: m bo bn pht khng gi d liu qu nhanh
Ngn nga vic trn b m
M hnh truyn khung

Source Frame 1 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 3 Destination Source Frame 1 Frame 1 Destination
Time
Garbled frame
Frame 5 Frame 5
Frame 5 Frame 5
Error-free transmission
Transmission with losses and errors
iu kin gi nh
Tt c frame u n ch Khng c frame li Cc frame n ng th t
Nghi thc Idle RQ (StopandWait)

c im
Phng php n gin nht c dng ch yu trong cc ng dng characteroriented.(byte-oriented) S dng knh truyn hot ng trong ch halfduplex
C ch hot ng
Ngun pht d liu (di dng cc frame) ch nhn d liu v tr li bng ACK Ngun phi i ACK trc khi pht tip d liu
ch c th ngng truyn d liu bng cch khng gi ACK
Idle RQ Hiu sut

Khi nim
Thi gian truyn (tframe): thi gian cn thit gi tt c cc bit d liu ln ng truyn Thi gian lan truyn (tprop): thi gian cn thit 1 bit i t ngun n ch
Idle RQ Hiu sut

Thi gian tng cng TD= n(2tprop + tframe) Hiu sut ng truyn
n.tf rame 1 1 U= = tprop = TD 1 + 2a 1 + 2. tf rame
R t0 T
t0 T
Frame t0 + 1 T R t0 + a T R
t0 + a T
t0 + 1 T
t0 + 1 + a T
t0 + 1 + a T
ACK t0 + 1 + 2a T R t0 + 1 + 2a T R
a>1
a<1
Stop-and-Wait Link Utilization (transmission time = 1; propagation time = a)
10
Vn kch thc frame

Hiu qu ng truyn cao nu frame kch thc ln Thc t d liu ln c chia thnh cc frame c kch thc nh
Kch thc b m c gii hn Frame kch thc nh kh xy ra li Li c pht hin sm Khi c li, ch cn truyn li frame nh Ngn nga tnh trng 1 trm lm vic chim ng truyn lu
11
Sliding windows
C ch hot ng
Cho php nhiu frame c th truyn ng thi Bn thu c b m vi kch thc W (c th nhn W frame) Bn pht c th truyn ti a W-1 frame m khng cn i ACK nh s th t cho cc frame ACK c cha s th t ca frame k tip c th truyn
12
Sliding windows
S th t c quay vng bi kch thc ca s (modulo 2k)
Frames buffered until acknowledged Frames already transmitted Window of frames that may be transmitted
Frame sequence number
Last frame Last frame acknowledged transmitted
Window shrinks from trailing edge as frames are sent
Window expands from leading edge as ACKs are received
Sender's perspective
Frames already received Window of frames that may be accepted
Last frame acknowledged
Last frame received
Window shrinks from trailing edge as frames are received
Window expands from leading edge as ACKs are sent
Receiver's perspective
13
Sliding windows V d (tt)

Source System A
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
F0 F1 F2
Destination System B
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
RR 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
F3 F4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
F5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4 RR
F6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
B mn K thut my tnh Figure Khoa Cng ngh thng tin 7.4 Example of a Sliding-Window Protocol
14
Sliding windows
Ci tin
Bn thu c th gi ACK m khng cho php bn pht gi tip d liu (Receive Not Ready)
Trong trng hp ny, bn thu phi gi ACK bnh thng ha vic truyn nhn d liu khi n sn sng
Nu ng truyn l full-duplex, dng c ch piggybacking: tch hp ACK vo frame d liu

Nu khng c d liu truyn, dng ACK frame Nu c d liu truyn nhng khng c ACK truyn, gi li ACK cui cng, hoc c c ACK hp l (TCP)
15
Sliding windows Hiu sut

Hiu sut
Full- Duplex
t=0
A A A A A A
Frame 1
B B
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame a
Frame (a 1)
Frame 2
Frame 1
B B B
a+1
Frame (a + 1)
Frame a
Frame 3
Frame 2 A
2a + 1
Frame (2a + 1) A
Frame (2a)
Frame (a+3)
Frame (a+2)
(a) W ! 2a + 1
t=0
A A A A A A
Frame 1
B B
Frame 1
t=0
A A A A A A
Frame 1
B B
Frame (a 1)
Frame 2
Frame a
Frame 2
Frame 1
B B B B
Frame a
Frame (a 1)
Frame 2
Frame 1
B B B
a+1
Frame (a + 1)
Frame a
Frame 3
Frame 2 A
a+1
Frame (a + 1)
Frame a
Frame 3
Frame 2 A
Frame W
Frame (W 1)
Frame (W-a+2) Frame (Wa+1)
2a + 1
Frame (2a + 1) A
Frame (2a)
Frame (a+3)
Frame (a+2)
2a + 1
Frame W A
Frame (a + 2)
W >= 2a+1
t=0
W < 2a + 1
B B
Figure 7.11 Timing of Sliding-Window Protocol
B mn1 K thut my tnh A Frame Khoa Cng ngh thng tin
16
Ni dung
iu khin dng d liu
iu khin li
Mt s nghi thc iu khin lin kt d liu
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iu khin li l g ?
iu khin li l cc k thut pht hin v sa li xy ra trong qu trnh truyn cc frame Bo m truyn nhn d liu chnh xc
18
K thut iu khin li
Phn loi li i vi frame
Mt frame: frame khng n ch hoc n nhng thng tin iu khin trn frame b h (bn nhn khng th xc nh l frame no) Frame h: thng tin iu khin trn frame xc nh c, nhng d liu trong frame b li
Pht hin li (CRC, Parity, ) Positive ACK xc nhn cc frame nhn c Negative ACK (NAK) yu cu truyn li cho cc frame b h Truyn li sau mt thi gian time-out
19
C ch
Da trn iu khin dng K thut ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request)
Cho php cc nghi thc lin kt d liu qun l li v yu cu truyn li Phn loi
Idle RQ (stop-and-wait)
Dng vi c ch iu khin dng stop-wait
Continuous RQ
Dng vi c ch iu khin dng sliding-window Selective repeat Go-back-N
20
Idle RQ
C ch hot ng
A gi mt I-Frame (Information Frame) n B A i phn hi t B trc khi gi tip frame
ACK-Frame A gi d liu mi NAK-Frame A gi li d liu Khng nhn c tr li A gi li sau thi gian time-out
A
PDU transmission time Propagation time
frame
AC K
0
1
ACK transmission time
frame
AC K
1
0
frame
Time-out interval PDU 0 lost; A retransmits

frame
AC K
0
1
u/khuyt im
n gin hiu qu ng truyn thp
Time-out interval ACK0 lost; A retransmits
frame
1
0
ACK
frame
1
0
AC K
B discards duplicate PDU
Figure 7.5 Stop-and-Wait ARQ21
Time
StopandWait
Cc loi li
(E1) I-Frame khng n c bn nhn (E2) I-Frame n c bn nhn nhng ni dung I-Frame b sai (E3) ACK-Frame khng n c bn gi hay ACK-Frame n c bn gi nhng ni dung ACK-Frame b sai
22
StopandWait
Sa li E1
S dng timer: bn gi sau khi gi i mt I-Frame th khi ng mt b m thi gian, sau khong thi gian i T m cha nhn c tn hiu ACK/ NAK bo v th xem nh I-Frame cha ti v gi li frame ny.
23
StopandWait
Sa li E2
Truyn li Frame
24
StopandWait
Sa li E3
Khng nhn c ACK-Frame: truyn li Li lp li frame (duplicated frame): dng ch s tun t frame (sequential number) bn nhn c th loi b cc frame trng lp
25
GobackN
C ch hot ng
iu khin
RR = receive ready = ACK = acknowledge REJ = reject = NAK = negative acknowledge
Da trn c ch sliding window

A gi lin tc cc I-Frame n B (trong khi c ch iu khin dng cn cho php) B ch nhn I-Frame theo ng ch s tun t Truyn li tt c cc Frame k t Frame sai u tin tr i
26
GobackN Cc trng hp li
Cc kiu li tng t nh trong Idle RQ (c th xy ra ng thi trn nhiu frame)
(E1) I-Frame khng n c bn nhn (E2) I-Frame n c bn nhn, ni dung IFrame sai (E3) ACK-Frame khng n c bn gi
27
GobackN
Sa li E1
S dng danh sch truyn li (Retransmission list) lu cc I-Frame gi nhng cha c ACK Khi gi mi I-Frame th khi ng mt b m thi gian tng ng vi I-Frame Sau khong thi gian i T m cha nhn c frame ACK th xem nh I-Frame ny cha ti v gi li cc frame k t frame ny Bn nhn ch nhn cc frame ng trnh t nn s b nhng frame sau frame khng n
Ci tin bng cch gi NAK tng ng (bn nhn khng cn i timeout nn s nhanh hn)
28
GobackN
Sa li E2
Bn nhn pht hin li frame i Bn nhn bo cho bn gi bng NAKi v loi b cc frame sau i Bn gi gi li cc frame t framei Thi gian p ng nhanh hn so vi dng timeout.
29
GobackN
Sa li E3
ACKi b mt Nu sau c ACKi+1, ACKi+2... th truyn bnh thng Nu timeout bn gi s gi li I-Frame Bn nhn pht hin frame truyn li ny nhn nn s bo li ACK (hoc NAK) tng ng Khi nhn ACK, bn pht khng cn truyn li tt c cc frame m c th truyn frame t ch s trong ACK
30
A
fram e0 fram e1 fram e2
2 RR
e3 f r am
Go-back-N v d
f r am e4
fram e5
4 RR
fram e6 fra m
4 REJ
e4 f ram e5
discarded by receiver
4 retransmitted
RR 5
4, 5, and 6 retransmitted
fra m f r am e7
Timeout
fram e0
RR
e6
RR
7
Timeout
(P b i
t=1 )
RR 1
fra m
e1 fram
e2
Go-back-N ARQ
Sele
31
Selective Repeat
C ch hot ng
Tng t nh Go-Back-N Ch gi li cc frame b NAK hoc time-out Bn nhn c th nhn I-frame khng theo ng ch s tun t n nhn phi c buffer lu li cc frame n khng theo ng ch s tun t
32
Vn kch thc ca s
Tnh hung: window kch thc 7
A gi cc frame t 0 n 6 qua B B xc nhn tt c, nhng tt c ACK u b mt A i b timeout, nn gi li frame 0 B lc ny dch ca s nhn, c th nhn cc frame 7,0,1,...5. N tng frame 7 b mt v 0 l frame mi, nn chp nhn (trng frame)
y l vn trng lp gia ca s gi v ca s nhn Do kch thc ca s ti a l (N) (N l ch s tun t ln nht)

33
Selective Repeat
Sa li E1
S dng danh sch truyn li (Retransmission list) lu cc I-Frame gi nhng cha c ACK Khi gi mi I-Frame th khi ng mt b m thi gian tng ng vi I-Frame Sau khong thi gian i T m cha nhn c frame ACK th gi li frame ny
34
Selective Repeat
Sa li E2
I-Frame truyn n bn nhn nhng b li Bn nhn bo cho bn gi bit thng qua NAKFrame Bn nhn vn ly cc frame tip theo vo b m (nhng cha a ln lp trn) Bn gi ch truyn li I-Frame b li Bn nhn nhn ng cc frame theo trnh t th c th a d liu ln lp trn
35
Selective Repeat
Sa li E3
S dng ch s tun t frame (sequential number): Khi ACK-frame b li hay khng n c bn gi, sau thi gian timeout bn gi s gi li I-Frame ny
36
B
fram e0 fram e1
2 RR RR 2
e3 fram
e0
e1
e2
fram e2
Selective Repeat v d
e7
7 RR
e0
fram
ack-N ARQ

r am e
4 RR RR
fra m e5 3
4
fram e5 e6
f r am e4
4
4 REJ
discarded by receiver 4 retransmitted
f ram e6
fra m fram e7
J4 SRE
e4
buffered by receiver
fra m
e4
e5
RR 5
RR 7
fra m
e6
Timeout
fra m f r am e1
fram e
RR
e0
1 RR
2
(P b i
(P b i
t=1 )
t=1 )
RR 1
fra m
RR
3
e1
fra m
e3
e2
fram
e4
37
Selective-reject ARQ
iu khin li Hiu sut

Stop-and-wait protocol
Go-back-N protocol
Selective repeat protocol
38
Ni dung
iu khin dng d liu iu khin li
Mt s nghi thc iu khin lin kt d liu

Nghi thc Binary synchronous communication (BSC) Nghi thc High-level data link control (HDLC) Mt s nghi thc ta DLC khc
39
Ni dung
iu khin dng d liu iu khin li Mt s nghi thc iu khin lin kt d liu Nghi thc Binary synchronous communication (BSC)
Nghi thc High-level data link control (HDLC) Mt s nghi thc ta DLC khc
40
Nghi thc BSC

Nghi thc hng n k t IBM
ISO 1745 ANSI X3.28
H tr truyn half-duplex Cu hnh point-to-point hoc multipoint Truyn dn ng b hoc bt ng b iu khin li Idle RQ
41
Nghi thc BSC

C ch hot ng Poll-Select
42
Khung BSC
Khung BSC
Khung iu khin
Khung d liu
43
Khung gim st (iu khin)
44
nh dng khung BSC

Khung d liu
45
Chui khung trong ch Select
46
Chui khung trong ch Poll
47
nh gi giao thc BSC

Hn ch
Khng nh s th t (idle ARQ) Ch truyn half-duplex Ph thuc m iu khin (code-dependent) Khng iu khin li cho cc trng iu khin Khng c kh nng m rng Tnh trng c chim ng truyn ca my pht Th tc kh s dng i vi vn bn
48
Ni dung
Nghi thc Binary synchronous communication (BSC)
Nghi thc High-level data link control (HDLC)

Mt s nghi thc ta DLC khc
49
High-level Data Link Control (HDLC)

Nghi thc lin kt d liu quan trng nht Chun ho: ISO 3009, ISO 4335 Nhiu nghi thc lin kt d liu khc tng t (hoc da trn) nghi thc ny
50
High-level Data Link Control HDLC

Nghi thc hng n bit c im
Hot ng ch full-duplex Lin kt point-to-point hoc multipoint Truyn dn ng b iu khin li Continuous RQ C th dng cho cc lin kt vi gi tr ln v nh ca a
51
Nghi thc HDLC

Mc tiu
Khng ph thuc m iu khin Kh nng thch ng Hiu qu cao tin cy cao
52
Cc c tnh c bn
Phn loi cc trm
Trm chnh (primary station)
iu khin hot ng ca lin kt Cc khung (frame) pht ra c gi l lnh (command)
Trm ph (secondary station)

Hot ng di s iu khin ca trm chnh Cc khung pht ra c gi l p ng (response) Trm chnh duy tr cc lin kt lun l ring cho cc trm ph
Trm t hp (combined station)

Kt hp c im ca c trm chnh v trm ph C th pht ra cc lnh v p ng
53
Cc c tnh c bn (tt)
Cu hnh lin kt (link configuration)
Khng cn bng (unbalanced)
Bao gm mt trm chnh v mt hoc nhiu trm ph H tr truyn half duplex v full duplex
Cn bng (balanced)
Bao gm hai trm t hp H tr truyn half duplex v full duplex
54
Cc c tnh c bn (tt)
Ch truyn (transfer mode)
Normal Response Mode (NRM)
c s dng trong cu hnh khng cn bng Trm chnh khi ng vic trao i d liu Trm ph ch c th truyn d liu p ng vi lnh t trm chnh c dng trong ng multidrop
Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)

c s dng trong cu hnh cn bng Mt trong hai trm c th khi ng vic trao i d liu c s dng ph bin nht
Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM)

c s dng trong cu hnh khng cn bng Trm ph c th khi ng qu trnh truyn d liu Trm chnh vn chu trch nhim cho ng truyn (khi ng, diu khin li, ngt kt ni ) t c s dng
55
Cu trc khung (frame structure)

HDLC s dng truyn dn ng b Truyn dn theo khung S dng mt cu trc khung duy nht cho tt c trao i d liu v iu khin
Flag 8 bits Address 8 extendable Control 8 or 16 Information variable FCS 16 or 32 Flag 8
(a) Frame format
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8n
56
C iu khin (flag)
Dng phn cch khung (u v cui)
Gi tr: 01111110
C th dng va l kt thc khung ny va l bt u khung khc S dng k thut chn bit (bit stuffing) trnh xut hin c trong d liu
Bit stuffing: 0 c chn thm mi khi xut hin nm s 1 lin tip trong phn d liu
111111111111011111101111110 1111101111101101111101011111010
57
nh hng nu li xy ra vi c
58
Trng a ch
Dng xc nh trm ph gi hoc s nhn khung Khng cn thit trong kt ni im-im nhng vn c gi nht qun) Thng Control Flag Address di 8 bit Information FCS Flag Gi tr 11111111 l a ch broadcast (gi n 8 8 or 16 variable 16 or 32 8 tt c)8 bits extendable C th m rng thnh bi s ca 7 bit
LSB ca mi octet bo y l octet cui cng (1) hay cha (0)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8n
(a) Frame format
Extended Address Field

59
Trng iu khin
loi khung,FCS tng ng c HDLC nh ngha baInformation Flag Address Control Flag ba loi trngoriu khin 8 8 8 16 variable 16 or 32 8
bits extendable Khung thng tin (I-frame) cha d liu cn truyn (a) Frame format
iu khin dng v iu khin li c gi km trong cc khung thng tin (piggybacked)
1 2 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 8n Khung 3gim st 9(supevisor16frame, S-frame) dng 0 0 1 cho ARQ khi piggybacking khng c dng Khung khng s (unnumbered frame, U-frame) b (b) Extended Address Field sung cc chc nng iu khin lin kt
1 I: Information S: Supervisory U: Unnumbered 0 1 1
3 N(S)
5 P/F P/F P/F
7 N(R) N(R) M
8
N(S) = Send sequence number N(R) = Receive sequence number S = Supervisory function bits M = Unnumbered function bits P/F = Poll/final bit
0 1
S M
8-bit control field format

60
Trng iu khin (tt)

Bit Poll/Final: ngha ty theo ng cnh
Trong khung lnh (command frame)
ngha l bit P 1 mi gi (poll) khung p ng ca cc trm ngang hng
Trong khung p ng (response frame)

ngha l bit F 1 ch th khung p ng l kt qu c lnh mi gi
61
1 1 M U: Unnumbered Trng iu khin P/F M (tt)
M = Unnumbered function bits P/F = Poll/final bit
Khung thng tin v khung gim st c th (c) 8-bit control field format m rng 16 bit S dng ch s tun t l 7 bit
1 Information Supervisory 0 1 0 S 2 3 4 5 N(S) 0 0 0 0 6 7 8 9 P/F P/F 10 11 12 13 N(R) N(R) 14 15 16
16-bit control field format
Figure 7.7 HDLC Frame Structure
62
Trng thng tin

Ch c trong cc khung thng tin (I-frame) v mt s khung khng s (U-frame) Phi l mt s nguyn cc octet (8 bits) Chiu di thay i, gii hn ty h thng
63
Trng FCS
Dng pht hin li c tnh da trn cc bit cn li ca khung CRC 16 bit C th dng CRC 32 bit
64
Tng kt Frame format

HDLC frame format
65
Hot ng
Trao i khung thng tin, khung gim st v khung khng s 3 giai on
Khi to Trao i d liu Ngt kt ni
66
Cc lnh v p ng
Name Information (I) Supervisory (S) Receive ready (RR) Receive not ready (RNR) Reject (REJ) Selective reject (SREJ) Unnumbered (U) Set normal response/extended mode (SNRM/SNRME) Set asynchronous response/extended mode (SARM/SARME) Set asynchronous balanced/extended mode (SABM, SABME) Set initialization mode (SIM) Disconnect (DISC) Unnumbered Acknowledgment (UA) Disconnected mode (DM) Request disconnect (RD) Request initialization mode (RIM) Unnumbered information (UI) Unnumbered poll (UP) Reset (RSET) Exchange identification (XID) Test (TEST) Frame reject (FRMR) C C C C C R R R R C/R C C C/R C/R R Set mode; extended = 7-bit sequence numbers Set mode; extended = 7-bit sequence numbers Set mode; extended = 7-bit sequence numbers Initialize link control functions in addressed station Terminate logical link connection Acknowledge acceptance of one of the set-mode commands Responder is in disconnected mode Request for DISC command Initialization needed; request for SIM command Used to exchange control information Used to solicit control information Used for recovery; resets N(R), N(S) Used to request/report status Exchange identical information fields for testing Report receipt of unacceptable frame C/R C/R C/R C/R Positive acknowledgment; ready to receive Iframe Positive acknowledgment; not ready to receive Negative acknowledgment; go back N Negative acknowledgment; selective reject Command/ Response C/R Exchange user data Description
HDLC Commands and Responses

67
Khi to
Gi U-frame khi to 1 trong 6 ch
SNRM / SNRME SARM / SARME SABM / SABME
Nu ng kt ni gi li U-frame UA (unnumbered acknowledged) Nu khng ng kt ni gi li U-frame DM (disconnected mode)
68
Trao i d liu
Sau khi kt ni C hai bn u c th gi I-frame (ch s tun t bt u t 0) Cc S-frame c th c dng iu khin dng v iu khin li nu
RR : ACK RNR : bn nhn bn, sau phi pht RR tip tc nhn d liu REJ: NACK (go-back-N) SREJ: NACK (selective repeat)
69
Ngt kt ni
Mt trong hai bn ngt kt ni bng cch gi U-frame DISC (disconnect) Bn kia phi chp nhn ngt kt ni, gi li U-frame UA(unnumbered acknowledgment) Cc khung qu c th b mt (vic phc hi phi do cc lp trn)
70
V d qu trnh hot ng
UA (a) Link setup and disconnect
RR , 4 (b) Two-way data exchange
(c) Bus
(a) Link setup and disconnect
(b) Two-way data exchange
(c)
A B B
SABM
I , 3, 0
I , 2, 0
N(S) N(R)
A A BM
I, 0, 0 N(S) N(R) A
A B
3 I,A, 0
B
R B NR, 4
I, 4 , 0 I , 3 , 0 I, 4 , 0 5 B
I, 3, 0 I,RR, 3 2, 0 I, 3, 0 RR, 3 Timeout Timeout RR, 0, P

RR, 0, F P RR, 3, I , 3, 0 F RR, 3, , 3 RRI,4 , 0
,1 BI, 0
SABM
I , 0, 0
N(S) N(R)
I , 0, 0
ABM TimeS AB UA out M
I , 1, 1 I , 0, 1 I , 2, 1 I , 1 ,1 I , 2, 1 I , 1, 3 I , 3, 2
I , 0, 1
I , 1, 1 I , 2, 1
UA
SABM
I , 1, 3
ISC

DISC
UA
UA
DISC UA and disconnect (b) Two-way data exchange RR , 4 UA k setup and disconnect
I , 3, 2 I , 2, 4 I , 3, 4 I , 2, 4 RR , 4 I , 3 , 4 RR , 4
I , 1, 3
I , 3, 2
I , 2, 4 I , 3, 4
I , 5, REJ, 4 0 B RNR, 4 , II,3, 0 J, 4 P 4, E , 0, R0 RR RN 4 RNR, 4 RR, 0, P I, R, 0 5I, 4, 0 , ,F R NR , 4 P I 0, 5 , FRR,, 6I,, 0 ,0 , 0, P RR RNR,I4 , ,6F 0 , P RR, 4, RR, 0, F (d) RR, 4, Reject recovery F R, 0, P R ,0 I, 4 RR Examples FigureReject, recovery I, 4, 0 7.9 , 4 F
I , 3, 0 A
RR , 4
Timeout recovery
of HDLC Operation
(e) Timeout recovery
Busy condition FigureI7.90 Examples of HDLC Operation , 4, (c) Busy condition Two-way data exchange B A A B (b) Two-way data exchange condition (c) Busy Link setup,A, 0 disconnect and I , 2, 0 I 3 B A B B mn K thut my tnh I, 2 I, 3 0 71 I, 3, Khoa 4 I, Cng ngh ,thng tin RR, 3 , 0
, 0
BSC vs. HDLC

Feature Transmission technique Transmission mode Framing Start Stop Frame formats Control information Addressing Error detection Error checking Error control Flow control Window size Transparency
BSC Async/Sync Half-duplex SYN SYN Characters Numerous Header, control frames Contention or polling LRC, CRC-16, CRC-12 Transmission block only Stop-and-wait WACK 1 DLE
HDLC Sync Half/Full duplex Flag Flag 1 (3 types) Header (1-2 bytes) Header CRC-CCITT Entire frame Go-back-N or selective repeat Sliding window 7 or 127 Bit stuffing 72
Ni dung
Nghi thc Binary synchronous communication (BSC) Nghi thc High-level data link control (HDLC)
Mt s nghi thc DLC khc
73
Link Access Procedure,Balanced(LAPB)

Mt phn ca chun X.25 (ITU-T) Tp con ca HDLC, ch cung cp ch ABM Dng trong lin kt point-to-point gia h thng ca ngi dng v node ca mng chuyn mch gi
74
Link Access Procedure, D-Channel(LAPD)

Dng trong mng ISDN (ITU-D) Ch dng ch truyn ABM Lun dng ch s trnh t 7 bit (khng dng 3 bit) Trng FCS lun 16 bit Trng a ch 16 bit cha 2 a ch ph
Mt cho thit b v mt cho ngi dng (lp trn)
75
Logical Link Control (LLC)

Mt phn ca chun IEEE 802 (iu khin mng LAN) nh dng khung khc HDLC Tt c cc trm ngang hng iu khin lin kt tch thnh lp MAC (medium access layer) v lp LLC (pha trn lp MAC)
76
LCC (tt)
MAC
Cung cp a ch thit b gi v thit b nhn Pht hin li (CRC - 32)
LLC
Cung cp im truy cp ngun v ch (Destination and source access points DSAP, SSAP) Trng iu khin ging HDLC
77
Frame relay
Kh nng truyn dng d liu tc cao qua mng chuyn mch c dng thay th cho X.25 iu khin lin kt d liu dng LAPF (Link Access Procedure for Frame-Mode Bearer Services) Thc s gm 2 nghi thc
iu khin (control protocol) tng t nh HDLC Nhn (core protocol) tp con ca nghi thc iu khin
Ch h tr ch truyn ABM
78
Frame relay (tt)

Ch s trnh t 7 bit, CRC-16 Trng a ch di 2, 3 hay 4 octet LAPF core khng c trng iu khin (khng iu khin dng, iu khin li)
79
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

Kh nng truyn dng d liu qua mng tc cao Khng da trn HDLC nh dng khung gi l cell Cell c kch thc c nh 53 octet (424 bit)
80

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Chng 4: Lin kt d liu (data link)

Bi Vn Hiu Email: bvhieu@cse.hcmut.edu.vn

Vn khi trao i d liu

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iu khin dng d liu

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M hnh truyn khung

Transmission with losses and errors

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Nghi thc Idle RQ (StopandWait)

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Idle RQ Hiu sut

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Idle RQ Hiu sut

Stop-and-Wait Link Utilization (transmission time = 1; propagation time = a)

Vn kch thc frame

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Frame sequence number

Last frame Last frame acknowledged transmitted

Window shrinks from trailing edge as frames are sent

Window expands from leading edge as ACKs are received

Last frame acknowledged

Last frame received

Window shrinks from trailing edge as frames are received

Window expands from leading edge as ACKs are sent

Sliding windows V d (tt)

Nu ng truyn l full-duplex, dng c ch piggybacking: tch hp ACK vo frame d liu

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Sliding windows Hiu sut

Frame (W-a+2) Frame (Wa+1)

Figure 7.11 Timing of Sliding-Window Protocol

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ACK transmission time

Time-out interval PDU 0 lost; A retransmits

B discards duplicate PDU

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Figure 7.5 Stop-and-Wait ARQ21

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Da trn c ch sliding window

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y l vn trng lp gia ca s gi v ca s nhn Do kch thc ca s ti a l (N) (N l ch s tun t ln nht)

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