Bai Tp Dai in T S

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MC LC
MC LC............................................................................................................1
LI NI U......................................................................................................1
PHN I: THIT K CHNH................................................................................3
L THUYT....................................................................................................3
Khi nim v chc nng ca mch gii m..................................................3
2. S mch ca cc khi.........................................................................4
THIT K MCH GII M NH PHN.......................................................5
Phn tch yu cu bi...............................................................................5
......................................................................................................................5
Bng trng thi..............................................................................................6
PHN II: M PHNG.......................................................................................12
DNG 2 IC 74LS138....................................................................................12
Gii thiu v IC 74LS138...........................................................................12
Tin hnh m phng dng 2 IC 74LS138...................................................13
II. Dng IC 74LS154......................................................................................14
Gii thiu v IC74LS154............................................................................14
Tin hnh m phng dng IC 74154..........................................................15
Kt lun.......................................................................................................16
Ti liu tham kho..............................................................................................17

LI NI U
Ngy nay, con ngi cng vi nhng ng dng ca khoa hc k thut tin
tin ca th gii, chng ta v ang ngy mt thay i, vn minh v hin i
SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

Bai Tp Dai in T S

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hn. S pht trin ca k thut in t to ra hng lot nhng thit b vi cc

c im ni bt nh s chnh xc cao, tc nhanh, gn nhl nhng yu t
rt cn thit gp phn cho hot ng ca con ngi t hiu qu ngy cng cao
hn.
in t ang tr thnh mt ngnh khoa hc a nhim v. in t p
ng c nhng i hi khng ngng ca cc ngnh, lnh vc khc nhau cho
n nhu cu thit yu ca con ngi trong cuc sng hng ngy. Trong cc h
thng s k c vin thng, my tnh; cc ng iu khin tu chn hay d liu
c truyn i hay x l u phi dng s h 2 ch gm 1 v 0; c nhiu
ng tn hiu ch c 1 bit nh ng iu khin m ngun cho mch mc 1;
ri c nhiu ng a ch nhiu bit chng hn 110100 CPU xc nh a ch
trong b nh; ri d liu dng hex gi xung my in cho in ra k t. Tt c cc
t hp bit c gi l cc m s (code) hay m. V mch to ra cc m s
gi l mch m ho (lp m: encoder). Tuy nhin, nu nh vn dng m
ha nh vy th con ngi s khng th hiu c. Hy tng tng nu mn
hnh my tnh ca bn ch hin th ln cc con s 0 v 1 th liu bn c th hiu
c thng tin khng.
Xut pht t nhng yu cu , chng em nhn bi tp ln tm hiu v:
Thit k b gii m nh phn 16 bit ra.
Bai tp dai em lam gm cac phn chinh sau :
Phn I : Thit k chinh.
1. Ly thuyt
2. Thit k mach giai ma nhi phn
Phn II: M phong.
1. DNG 2 IC 74LS138
2. Dng IC 74LS154
Do thi gian v kin thc cn hn ch nn bi lm ca chng em khng th
trnh khi nhng thiu st, chng em rt mong thy c trong b mn gp
bi tp ca em c hon thin hn.
Trong qu trnh lm bi tp em c s ch bo nhit tnh ca thy c
trong khoa Cng ngh t ng trng i hc in lc, c bit l thy Nguyn
Ngc Khot trc tip hng dn chng em trn lp. Qua y em xin gi li
cm n chn thnh n thy c trong khoa Cng ngh t ng thy Nguyn
Ngc Khot hng dn cho chng em hon thnh bi tp ny.
Sinh Vin:
Nguyn Xun Tho

SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

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PHN I: THIT K CHNH

L THUYT
Khi nim v chc nng ca mch gii m
Mch gii m l mch logic t hp co M li ra, mi li c gan mt chi s
thp phn xac inh t 0 n M-1, va N li vao vi M 2n
Mach giai ma co chc nng bin i s nhi phn N bit ca vao thanh ma
chon 1 trong M ca ra.
Hnh di l s khi ca mch gii m

Hnh 1: S khi qu trnh hin th thng tin

Chc nng tng khi
- Khi ngun: cung cp ngun in cho mch hot ng. Ngun l in p 1
chiu 5V,ta c th s dng IC 7805 p cung cp 2 mc in p cho ton mch
l +12vol v +5vol.Hoc dng sc in thoi cung cp ngun cho mch
- Khi iu khin:l khi iu khin hot ng ca ton mch
- Khi m ha: c c dng chuyn tn hiu u vo sang dng nh phn
- Khi gii m: ta c th dng IC 74ls154 hoc ghp ni 2 IC 74ls138: y l
IC gii m 4 u vo 16 u ra chuyn t m nh phn sang cc s tng
ng c hin th trn mn hnh
- Khi hin th: l mn hnh hin th tn hiu va c gii m.

SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

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2. S mch ca cc khi
a) S mch khi ngun
- Khi ngun ly ngun AC_ 220V t in li gia nh, dng bin th h p
xung 12Vol_AC, khi qua cu chnh lu c DC_ 12V, dng IC 7805 p
cung cp 2 mc in p cho ton mch l +12vol v +5vol.

Hnh 2: S mch khi ngun

Hoc ta cng c th ly trc tip sc in thoi dng lm ngun cho mch
b) S mch khi m ha

Hnh 3: S khi khi m ha

SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

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c) S khi mch gii m

Hnh 4: S khi mch gii m

THIT K MCH GII M NH PHN

Phn tch yu cu bi
- u vo: n
- u ra: 2n =16
u vo n = 4

Hnh 5: S khi mch gii m 4-16

Trong :
, , , l cc ng tn hiu u vo
SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

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, ,.,
l cc tn hiu u ra
Bng trng thi
Nguyn tc:
- ng vi mi 1 t hp bin u vo ch c 1 u ra c tch cc
- Nu 1 u ra c tch cc tt c u ra cn li khng c php tch cc
Mch gii m nh phn thc hin bin i tn hiu ng vo t dng m nh
phn sang dng m thp phn ng ra tng ng, c th nh sau:
0 0000
10001
20010
30011
4 0100
50101
60110
70111
8 1000
91001
101010
111011
121100
131101
141110
151111
a) Trng hp 1: Mc tc ng (tch cc) ng vo l mc 1 (tch cc
mc cao)
Ta c bng trng thi m t hot ng ca mch:
Bin u vo
Bin u ra (y)
x3 x2 x1 x0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0 0 0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
0
0
0
0
0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
0
0
0
0
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
0
0
0
1
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
0
0
1
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0
0
1
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0
1
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bng 1: Bng trng thi mc tch cc cao
Gii thch bng trng thi: Khi xut hin mt tn hiu ng vo th mt
ng ra xut hin m tng ng trng thi tch cc ( mc logic 1) cc ng ra
cn li khng c tch cc (mc logic 0). C th l: khi ng vo l 0000 th m
SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

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ng ra xut hin l y 0 = 1, cn cc ng ra cn li bng 0. Khi ng vo l 0001

th ng ra xut hin l y1 = 1, cn cc ng ra cn li bng 0
Phng trnh logic ti gin:

y0 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y1 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y2 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y3 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y4 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y5 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y6 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y7 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y8 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y9 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y10 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y11 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y12 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y13 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y14 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y15 = x0 x1 x2 x3
V mch logic:
- Dng NAND

SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

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Hnh 6:Mch logic tch cc mc cao dng NAND

- Dng NOR

SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

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Hnh 7: Mch logic tch cc mc cao dng NOR

b) Trng hp 2: Mc tc ng (tch cc) ng vo l mc 0 (tch cc
mc thp)
i vi mch gii m c mc tc ng ng vo l mc 0, ta cng tin hnh
lm cc bc nh mch gii m c mc tc ng mc cao. C im khc
nhau l: mc tch cc mc thp khi xut hin mt tn hiu ng vo th
mt ng ra xut hin m tng ng trng thi tch cc ( mc logic 0) cc
ng ra cn li khng c tch cc (mc logic 1). C th l: khi ng vo l
0000 th m ng ra xut hin l y 0 = 0, cn cc ng ra cn li bng 1. Khi
ng vo l 0001 th ng ra xut hin l y1 = 0, cn cc ng ra cn li bng
1

Ta c bng trng thi m t hot ng ca mch:

Bin u vo
Bin u ra (y)
x x x x
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
3 2 1 0
SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

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0 0 0 0 1
1
1
1
1
0 0 0 1 1
1
1
1
1
0 0 1 0 1
1
1
1
1
0 0 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
0 1 0 0 1
1
1
1
1
0 1 0 1 1
1
1
1
1
0 1 1 0 1
1
1
1
1
0 1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1 0 0 0 1
1
1
1
1
1 0 0 1 1
1
1
1
1
1 0 1 0 1
1
1
1
1
1 0 1 1 1
1
1
1
0
1 1 0 0 1
1
1
0
1
1 1 0 1 1
1
0
1
1
1 1 1 0 1
0
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 0
1
1
1
1
Bng 2: Bng trng thi mc tch cc thp

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Phng trnh logic ti gin:

y0 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y1 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y2 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y3 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y4 = x0 x1x2 x3

y5 = x0 x1x2 x3

y6 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y7 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y8 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y9 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y10 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y11 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y12 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y13 = x0 x1 x2 x3

y14 = x0 x1x2 x3

y15 = x0 x1 x2 x3

V mch logic:
- Dng NAND
SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

10

0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Bai Tp Dai in T S

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Hnh 8: Mch logic tch cc mc thp dung NAND

- Dng NOR

Hnh 9: Mch logic tch cc mc thp dung NOR

SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

11

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PHN II: M PHNG

DNG 2 IC 74LS138
Gii thiu v IC 74LS138
74LS138 l IC MSI gii m 3 ng sang 8 ng hay tch knh 1 ng sang
8 ng thng dng v c hot ng logic tiu biu, n cn thng c dng
nh mch gii m a ch trong cc mch iu khin v trong my tnh.
S chn v k hiu logic nh hnh di y :

Hnh

10:

hiu

khi

chn

ra

ca

Trong
A0,
A1,
A2
l
3
ng
a
ch
E1, E2 l cc ng vo cho php (tc ng
E3
l
ng
vo
cho
php
tc
ng
O0 n O7 l 8 ng ra (tc ng mc thp )
Cu trc bn trong 74LS138:

74LS138

ng
mc
mc

:
vo
thp)
cao

Hnh 11: Cu trc bn trong 74LS138

SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

12

Bai Tp Dai in T S

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Hot ng gii m nh sau :

a d liu nh phn 3bit vo C, B, A(LSB), ly d liu ra cc ng O0 n
O7; ng cho php E2 v E3 t mc thp, ng cho php E1 t mc cao.
Chng hn khi CBA l 001 th ng O1 xung thp cn cc ng ra khc u
cao.
Ta c th ghp ni 2 IC 74LS138 dng cho mch gii m 4 u vo 16
u ra theo s sau:

Hnh 16: S ghp ni 2 IC 74LS138

Tin hnh m phng dng 2 IC 74LS138
a) Nhng linh kin cn thit
- IC TIMER 555 dng to xung theo thi gian
- IC 7493 c tc dng m xung u vo
- Led-red , in tr, t in, ngun in

SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

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Bai Tp Dai in T S

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b) M phng

Hnh 17: S m phng mch gii m ghp 2 IC 74LS138

II. Dng IC 74LS154

Gii thiu v IC74LS154
74154/LS154 l IC gii m 4 sang 16 ng hay tch knh 1 sang 16 ng
S chn ca IC 74LS154

SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

14

Bai Tp Dai in T S
Hnh 18: S chn ca IC 74LS154
Trong
A0,
A1,
A2,
A3
l
4
ng
a
ch
E0,
E1
l
cc
ng
vo
cho
Q0 n Q15 l 16 ng ra
Tin hnh m phng dng IC 74154

D4-DCN

ng
php

:
vo

Hnh 19: S m phng mch gii m dng IC 74154

SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

15

Bai Tp Dai in T S

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Kt lun
- Mch gii m c s dng rt rng ri v c ng dng chnh trong
ghp knh d liu, hin th led 7 on, gii m a ch b nh
- Hai mch gii m trn u c u im l:
+ Mch n gin v d s dng, hot ng chnh xc, linh kin d tm
kim, gi thnh r
+ C th ghp ni nhiu IC s dng cho cc mch gii m c yu cu
u ra ln
- Tuy nhin vn cn mt s khuyt im nh : nu mch yu cu rt nhiu
u ra th cn phi ghp ni rt nhiu IC v c th lm cho mch kh
phc tp v cng knh
- Mch gii m trn cn c th thit k v m phng bng cc phn t logic
nh NAND, NOR, AND, NOTtuy nhin mch s cn rt nhiu linh
kin v phc tp.

SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

16

Bai Tp Dai in T S

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Ti liu tham kho

1. Lng Ngc Hi, L Hi Sm, in T S. Nh xut bn gio dc 2010
2. http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/ho-tro-hoc-tap-165/mach-su-dungic-74138-va-ic-7493-a-29099/
3. http://www.scribd.com/doc/53416490/39/III-IC-74LS154
4. http://www.ddth.com/showthread.php/210692-hoi-ve-mach-giai-ma-nhiphan-bat-phan.html
5. http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/ky-thuat-mach-logic-dien-tu-so58/thiet-ke-mach-dem-dung-ic-7493-ic-74138-a-33993/
6. http://www.ebook.edu.vn/?page=1.6&view=16377
7. Nguyn Trung Ha, K thut s
8. http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/ky-thuat-mach-logic-dien-tu-so58/thiet-ke-mach-dem-dung-ic-7493-ic-74138-a-33993
9. http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/ky-thuat-mach-logic-dien-tu-so58/tim-ic-29133/

SV: Nguyn Xun Tho

17