Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011

Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 1

Trong cc ky thi tuyn sinh dai hoc, phn sng co sng dng l mt phn
tuong di kh. gip cc em c th h thng v n tp tt- ti d c gng
bin soan ti liu ny. Quyn Sch trnh by tuong di dy d cc dang bi
tp t d dn kh, hy vong l ti liu hu ch gip cc em luyn thi TN v H
2011. Moi dng gp xin gi v thanh17802002@yahoo.com hoc
090.4.72.72.71.

Bi 1 Mt ng-i quan st mt chic phao ni ln trn mt bin v thy n
nh ln cao 6 ln trong 15 giy, coi sng bin l sng ngang. Tnh chu k
dao ng ca sng bin?
A. 3(s) B.43(s) C. 53(s) D. 63(s)
Bi gii Ch vi dng bi ny ta nn dng cng thc trc nghim
1 3
1
9
-
,
trong t l thi gian dao ng. Phao nh ln 6 ln trong 15 giy ngha l
phao thc hin -c 5 dao ng trong 15 giy.
Vy ta c
1 6 1 1
( )
15 3
3
1
9
- -

suy ra
1
3( ) % 8
1



Bi 2 : Mt ng-i quan st mt bin thy c 5 ngn sng i qua tr-c mt
mnh trong khong thi gian 10(s) v o -c khong cch gia hai ngn sng
lin tip l 5(m). Tnh vn tc sng bin ?
A. 1(m) B. 2m C. 3m D.4m

Bi gii T-ng t nh- trn ta c
1 5 1 2
( )
10 5
3
1
9
- -

suy ra
2
. .5 2( )
5
; 1 2 Ch khong cch gia hai ngn sng lin tip chnh l

Cu 3: (H 2007). Mt ngun pht sng dao ng theo ph-ng trnh u =
acos20xt (cm). Trong khong thi gian 2(s) sng truyn -c qung -ng
bng bao nhiu ln b-c sng?
. 10. . 20. C. 30. D. 40.
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 2
Bi gii theo ph-ng trnh trn ta thy 20 5 nn suy ra
2 2
0,1( )
20
% 8
5 5
5

Do c 1 chu k th t-ng ng 1 b-c sng, nn trong khong thi gian t=2(s)
sng truyn -c qung -ng S. ta c t l
0,1(s)
Vy
2(s) S

Hay
0,1
2 S

suy ra S=20
Cu 4: Mot song co tan so 500Hz, co toc o lan truyen 350m/s. Hai iem gan
nhau nhat tren phng truyen song phai cach nhau gan nhat mot khoang la
bao nhieu e gia chung co o lech pha bang
3
x
rad ?
. 0,116m. . 0,476m. C. 0,233m. D. 4,285m.
Bi gii Ta bit trong sng c th lch pha l
2 .
3
d 5 5

D Suy ra
6
d


Trong
350
0, 7( )
500
;
2
1
vy khang cch cn tm l
0, 7
0,116( )
6 6
d 2

Cu 5 Mt sng m c tn s 450(Hz) lan truyn vi vn tc 360(m/s) trong
khng kh. lch pha gia hai im cch nhau d=1(m) trn mt ph-ng
truyn sng l
A. 0, 5 ( ) rad 5 D B. 1, 5 ( ) rad 5 D
C. 2, 5 ( ) rad 5 D D. 3, 5 ( ) rad 5 D
Bi gii
2 . 2. .1
2, 5
0,8
d 5 5
5

D ( trong
360
0,8( )
450
;
2
1
)

Cu6 Vn tc truyn m trong khng kh l 340(m/s) , khong cchgia hai
im gn nhau nht trn cng mt ph-ng truyn sng dao ng ng-c pha
nhau l 0,8(m). Tn s m l
A. f=85(Hz) B. f=170(Hz) C. f=200(Hz) D. f=225(Hz)
Bi gii Ta bit 2 sng dao ng ng-c pha khi lch pha
2 .
(2. 1)
d
k
5
5

D
Gn nhau nht th ly k=0 vy 2. 2.0, 85 1, 7( ) d 2 hay
340
200( )
1, 7
;
1

Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 3
Cu 7: Khi bin d cua song tng gp di, nng luong do song truyn tng bao nhiu
ln.
A. Giam 1/4 B. Giam 1/2 C. Tng 2 ln D. Tng 4 ln
ai gii: nng l-ng
2
.
2
k A
E Vy khi bin tng gp i th nng l-ng
2 2 2
. ' .4
' 4 4
2 2 2
k A k A KA
E E Tng 4 ln


Cu 8: Hiu pha cua 2 song ging nhau phai bng bao nhiu d khi giao thoa song
hoan toan trit tiu.
A. 0 B. a/4 C. a/2 D.a
ai gii: lch pha ca 2 sng ging nhau la : (2 1) k 5 D th khi giao
thoa chng mi trit tiu . Ly k=0 ta c 5 D

Cu 9: Tim vn tc song m biu thi boi phuong trinh: u 28cos(20x - 2000t)
A. 334m/s B. 331m/s C. 314m/s D. 100m/s
ai gii: p dng ph-ng trnh sng :
2
. . ( )

& Aco 8 9
5

- i chiu ln ph-ng
trnh trn ta thy
2
20

suy ra
2
20 10
5 5
ma
2000
. ( ) .( ) 100
2 10 2
; 1
5

5 5
( m/s) ( Do 2000 )

Cu 10: Mt mi nhn S -c gn vao u ca mt l thp nm ngang
va chm vao mt n-c. Khi u l thp dao ng theo ph-ng thng
ng vi tn s f = 100 (Hz), S to trn mt n-c mt sng c bi n a
= 0,5 (cm). it khong cch gi a 9 gn l i lin ti p la 4 (cm). Tnh vn
tc truyn sng trn mt n-c.
A. 100 cm/s . 50 cm/s C. 100cm/s D.
150cm/s

ai gii: p dng cng thc trc nghim khong cch gia n ngn sng lin
tip la :

( 1) 3 -
Trong n la s ngn sng : ta c

4
4 (9 1) 0, 5
8
-
(cm) Vy . 100.0, 5 50( / ) ; 1 c2 8
Nhn vao hnh v ta thy t ngn sng th 1 n ngn sng th 9 cch nhau
8





1 9





Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 4
Cu11: (ai tp t-ng t) : Ngun pht sng trn mt n-c to dao
ng vi tn s f=100(Hz) gy ra sng trn mt n-c . i t khong
cch gi a 7 gn li (bng sng li n tip) l a 3(cm) . Tnh vn tc truyn
sng trn mt n-c ?
A. 50(cm/s) . 25(cm/s) C.100(cm/s) D.150(cm/s)

ai gii: p dng cng thc trc nghim khong cch gia n ngn sng lin
tip la :

( 1) 3 -
Trong n la s ngn sng : ta c

3
3 (7 1) 0, 5
6
-
(cm) Vy . 100.0, 5 50( / ) ; 1 c2 8
Cu12: Mt ngun sng c dao ng i u hoa theo ph-ng trnh

'
+

'

+ =
2
10 cos
x
x9 A . Khong cch gia hai im gn nhau nht trn ph-ng
truyn sng ma ti dao ng ca cc phn t mi tr-ng lch pha
nhau
2
x
l a 5 (m). Hy tnh vn tc truyn sng.
A. 150m/s . 120m/s C. 100m/s D. 200m/s

a gX: lch pha gia hai phn t trn ph-ng truyn sng la:
2 2 .5
2 2
d 5 5 5 5

D
Vy b-c sng la: 20( ) 2 suy ra vn tc
truyn sng :

10
. .( ) 20.( ) 200( )
2 2
2
; 1
8
5

5 5



Cu 13: Cho mt mi nhn S chm nh vao mt n-c va dao ng
i u hoa vi tn s f = 20 (Hz). Ng-i ta thy rng hai im A va
trn mt n-c cng nm trn ph-ng truyn sng cch nhau mt khong
d = 10 (cm) l un dao ng ng-c pha vi nhau. Tnh vn tc truyn
sng, bit rng vn tc ch vao khong t 0,8 (m/s) n 1 (m/s).
A. 100 m/s . 90m/s C. 80m/s D. 85m/s

ai gii: l ch pha gi a hai phn t theo ph-ng truyn sng l a:

2
(2 1)
d
k
5
5

D
(Do hai im dao ng ng-c pha) vy ta c :
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 5
(2 1) (2 1)
2 2
k k ;
d
1


Suy ra :
2 2.0,1.20 4
(2 1) 2 1 2 1
d1
;
k k k



Do gi thit cho vn tc thuc khong
0,8 1( ) ; 2 U U
nn ta thay biu
thc ca V vao :


4
0, 8 1
(2 1)
;
k
U U

gii ra : 2 1 4 k Suy ra :
1, 5 k



4
2 1
0,8
k U Suy ra 2 k U
hay: 1, 5 2 k U U do k thuc Z nn ly k=2 va thay vao biu thc
4 4
0, 8( )
2 1 2.2 1
; 2
k




Cu 14: . Mt si dy an hi rt dai c u A dao ng vi tn s f
va theo ph-ng vung gc vi si dy. i n dao ng l a 4 (cm), vn
tc truyn sng trn y la 4 (m/s). Xt mt i m M trn dy va cch
A mt on 28 (cm), ng-i ta thy M l un l un dao ng l ch pha vi A
mt gc (2 1)
2
k
5
D vi k = 0, I1, I2, Tnh b-c sng 2. it tn s f
c gi tr trong khong t 22 (Hz) n 26 (Hz).
A. 8 cm . 12 cm C. 14 cm D.16 cm

a gX: lch pha gi a hai phn t theo ph-ng truyn sng l a:

2
(2 1)
2
d
k
5 5

D
(ch : bai nay ng-i ta cho sn lch
pha)
T-ng t nh- bai trn ta c :
(2 1) (2 1)
4 4
k k ;
d
1



Suy ra :
(2 1)
4
;
1 k
d

thay s vao ta c :
4 2 1
(2 1)
4.0, 28 0, 28
k
1 k



Do
22 26( ) 1 U U
nn ta c :
2 1
22 26( )
0,8
k

U U

Gii ra ta c :
2, 58 3,14 3 k k U U
vy
2 1 2.3 1
25( )
0, 28 0, 28
k
1


vy
4
0,16( ) 16
25
;
2 c2
1


Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 6

Cu15: Mt sng c hc truyn trong mt tr-ng an hi .Ph-ng trnh
dao ng ca ngun c dng: 4 ( )
3
co8 9 c2
x +
=

' '
.Tnh b-c sng 2. Cho
bi t vn tc truyn sng v = 40 (cm/s) Tnh l ch pha ca hai
i m cch nhau mt khong 40 (cm) trn cng ph-ng truyn sng va
ti cng thi im.
A. x/12 . x/2 C. x/3 D. x/6

a gX: l ch pha gi a hai phn t theo ph-ng truyn sng l a:
1
( )
2 3.2 6
1
5
5 5

Suy ra
2 2 2 .40
40.6 3
d d1
;
5 5 5 5

D


Cu 16: Mt sng c hc truyn trong mt tr-ng an hi .Ph-ng trnh
dao ng ca ngun c dng:
4cos ( )
3
9 c2
5

e o
. Tnh l ch pha
ca dao ng ti cng mt i m bt k sau khong thi gian 0,5 (s).
A.
6
5
. x/12 C. x/3 D. x/8

a gX: sau khong thi gi an t=0,5 giy sng truyn -c qung
-ng d:
Ph-ng trnh dao ng ti M cch ngun mt khong d l a :
2
4cos ( )
3

d
9 c2
5 5

e o Trong thi i m (t) pha dao ng ca M
l a :
1
2
3
d
9
5 5

e o
. Sau thi im t=0,5(s) th pha dao ng ti M lc
nay l a:
2
2
( 0, 5)
3
d
9
5 5

e o
Vy l ch pha
2 1
2 2
( ( 0, 5) ) ( . )
3 3 6
d d
9 9
5 5 5 5 5


D - - - -


Cu 17: Trong th nghim v hin t-ng giao thoa sng trn mt n-c hai
ngun kt hp Ava dao ng vi tn s f=13(Hz) . Ti 1 im M cch ngun
A nhng khong d
1
=19(cm) va d
2
=21(cm) , sng c bin cc i. Gia M
va -ng trung trc ca A khng c cc i nao khc. Tnh vn tc truyn
sng trn mt n-c?
A. 10(cm/s) . 20(cm/s) C. 26(cm/s) D. 30(cm/s)

ai gii: nhn xt do d
1
<d
2
nn trn hnh v M nm lch v bn tri ca A .
Ti M sng c bin cc i , gia M va -ng trung trc ca A khng c
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 7
cc i nao khc vy tt c ch c 1 cc i. Hay k=-1( K: la s cc i) ch
: bn tri -ng trung trc ca A quy -c k m va bn phi k d-ng














Hiu -ng i ti sng c bin cc i la :
1 2
19 20 1. 2( ) d d k c2 - - -
( do thay k=-1)
Vy vn tc truyn sng la :
. 2.13 26( / ) ; 1 c2 8


Cu 18: Trong th nghim v hin t-ng giao thoa sng trn mt n-c hai
ngun kt hp Ava dao ng vi tn s f=13(Hz) . Ti 1 im M cch ngun
A nhng khong d
1
=16(cm) va d
2
=20(cm) , sng c bin cc i. Gia M
va -ng trung trc ca A c 3 dy cc i khc. Tnh vn tc truyn sng
trn mt n-c?
A. 26,7(cm/s) . 20(cm/s) C. 40(cm/s) D. 53,4(cm/s)

ai gii: T-ng t M la mt cc i giao thoa va gia M vi -ng trung trc
ca A c thm ba cc i khc tng cng c 4 cc i, v d
1
<d
2
nn trn
hnh v M nm lch v bn tri ca A. Va t-ng ng K=-4 ( Do k la s cc i
giao thoa)

Hiu -ng i ti sng c bin cc i la :
1 2
16 20 4. 1( ) d d k c2 - - -
( do thay k=-1)
Vy vn tc truyn sng la :
. 20.1 20( / ) ; 1 c2 8


a 19: Mt ng-i xch mt x n-c i trn -ng , mi b-c i -c 50(cm). Chu
k dao ng ring ca n-c trong x la T=1(S) . Ng-i i vi vn tc v th
n-c trong x b sng snh mnh nht. Tnh vn tc v?
A. 2,8Km/h . A. 1,8Km/h C. A. 1,5Km/h D. Ga tr khc

a gX: theo gi thit th 50( ) c2 ma vn tc
M
A
d
19
20
K=o
K=-1
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 8
50
. 50( / ) 0, 5( / ) 1, 8( / )
1
; 1 c2 8 2 8 k2
%

a 20: Trn mt n-c c mt ngun dao ng to ra ti im O mt dao
ng iu ha c tn s f= 50(Hz) . Trn mt n-c xut hin nhng vng
trn ng tm O, mi vng cch nhau 3(cm). Vn tc truyn sng trn mt
n-c la :
A. 120(cm/s) . 360(cm/s) C. 150(cm/s) D. 180(cm/s)

a gX: Ch m vng trn ng tm O trn mt n-c s cch nhau 1
b-c sng vy
3( ) c2
hay
. 3.50 150( / ) ; 1 c2 8








a 21: u A ca mt dy dao ng theo ph-ng thng ng vi chu k
T=10(s) . it vn tc truyn sng trn dy la V=0,2(m/s) , khong cch gia
hai im gn nhau nht dao ng ng-c pha la bao nhiu?
A. 1,5m . 2m C. 1m D. 2,5m

a gX: l ch pha gia hai phn t theo ph-ng truyn sng l a:

2
(2 1)
d
k
5
5

D
(Do hai im dao ng ng-c pha) vy ta c :
khong cch gn nhau nht gia hai im dao ng ng-c pha la :
(2 1) (2 1) . (2.0 1)0, 2.10
1( )
2 2 2
k k ;%
d 2


Ch : gn nhau
nht nn trong ph-ng trnh trn ta ly K=0)

a 22: Sng truyn t A n M vi b-c sng
60( ) c2
M cch A mt
on d=3(cm) . So vi sng ti A th sng ti M c tnh cht nao sau y ?
A. ng pha vi nhau . Sm pha hn mt l-ng
3
2
5

C. Tr pha hn mt l-ng la 5 D. Mt tnh cht khc

ai gii: Ta bit ph-ng trnh sng cch ngun mt on la d la :


2
cos( )

d
& a 9
5

-
nu im M nm sau ngun A
(M chm pha hn A)

Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 9


2
cos( )

d
& a 9
5

Nu im M nm tr-c ngun A

Theo gi thit ta c lch pha
2 2 .30
60
d 5 5
5

D

Vy sng ti M tr pha hn sng ti A mt l-ng la
5


D'NG BI TR XC NH S IM CC 'I, CC TIU TRN O'N THNG AB

TH1: Nu 2 ngun dao ng cng pha
2 1
2 k x A = = hoc hu Ia:
1 2
=

Theo l thuyt giao thoa s gn sng quan st -c trn on A t-ng ng s
im dao ng vi bin cc i trn on A . V vy hiu khong cch
gia chng phi la
2 1
d d k -
Mt khc c bao nhiu -ng hypepol th
t-ng ng trn on A c by nhiu gn sng. Hay ta c th -a im M
xung nm trn on A va lc nay ta c
1 2
d d AB
Vy ta c h :








2 1
d d k -
(1) ly (1) +(2) v theo v ta c 2
2 2
k AB
d





1 2
d d AB
(2) do M thuc on A nn
2
0 d AB
Thay vao
ta c
2
0
2 2
k AB
d AB

Va rt ra
AB AB
K

-
y chnh la cng
thc trc nghim tm s im dao ng vi bin cc i trong giao
thoa sng

T-ng t s m dao ng v bn cc tu trn on tho mn:
M
d
M
A
A
M
1
d
2
d
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 10
2 1
2 1
(2 1)
(3) 2
(4)
d d k
d d AB
2
= +

+ =
|
lam t-ng t nh- trn ta c :
1 1
2 2
AB AB
K
2 2
. y chnh
la cng thc trc nghim tnh s im dao ng cc tiu (ng yn) trn
on A.

TH2: Nu ha ngun dao ng ng-c pha:
2 1
(2 1) k x A = = + hoc
hu Ia:
2 1
x = I th cng thc s m cc Ia:
1 1
2 2
AB AB
K
2 2

Va cng thc s im cc tiu la:
AB AB
K

-
( Ng-c vi cng pha)
Ch nu cc t s trn nguyn th ta ly du = . VD : 2 2 K - U U cn khng
nguyn th khng ly du =.
TH3: Nu ha ngun dao ng vung pha:
2 1
(2 1)
2
k
x
A = = + th s
im cc i va cc tiu trn on A la bng nhau va bng:
1 1
4 4
AB AB
K
2 2


a 23: Trn mt n-c c hai ngun sng n-c ging nhau cch nhau
A=8(cm). Sng truyn trn mt n-c c b-c sng 1,2(cm). S -ng cc i
i qua on thng ni hai ngun la:
A. 11 . 12 C. 13 D. 14

a gX:
Do A, dao ng cng pha nn s -ng cc i trn A tho mn:
AB AB
K

-

thay s ta c :
8 8
6, 67 6, 67
1, 2 1, 2
K k
-
-
Suy ra ngha la ly gi
tr K bt u t 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 I I I I I I . Kt lun c 13 -ng

a 24: Hai ngun sng cng bin cng tn s va ng-c pha. Nu khong
cch gia hai ngun la: 16, 2 AB 2 = th s im ng yn va s im dao
ng vi bin cc i trn on A ln l-t la:
A. 32 va 33 . 34 va 33 C. 33 va 32 D. 33 va 34.

ai gii: Do hai ngun dao ng ng-c pha nn s im ng yn trn on
A la :

AB AB
K

-
Thay s :
16, 2 16, 2
K


-
Hay : 16,2<k<16,2. Kt lun c
33 im ng yn.
T-ng t s im cc i la :
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 11
1 1
2 2
AB AB
K

-
- -
thay s :
16, 2 1 16, 2 1
2 2
K


-
- -
hay
17, 2 15, 2 k -
. Kt lun c 32 im

a 25 : (H 2004). Ti hai im A, trn mt cht lng cch nhau 10(cm) c
hai ngun pht sng theo ph-ng thng ng vi cc ph-ng trnh :
1
0, 2. (50 ) : co8 9 c2 x = va
1
0, 2. (50 ) : co8 9 c2 x x = + . Vn tc truyn sng la 0,5(m/s). Coi bin sng
khng i. Xc nh s im dao ng vi bin cc i trn on thng
A ?
A.8 .9 C.10 D.11

ai gii: nhn vao ph-ng trnh ta thy A, la hai ngun dao ng ng-c pha
nn s im dao ng cc i tho mn :
1 1
2 2
AB AB
K

-
- -

Vi
2 2
50 ( / ) 0, 04( )
50
rad 8 % 8
x x
x
x
= = = = Vy : . 0, 5.0, 04 0, 02( ) 2 ;% 2 c2 2 = = = =
Thay s :
10 1 10 1
2 2 2 2
K
-
- -
Vy
5, 5 4, 5 k
: Kt lun c 10 im
dao ng vi bin cc i

a 26 : Trn mt n-c c hai ngun kt hp A, cch nhau 10(cm) dao ng
theo cc ph-ng trnh :
1
0, 2. (50 ) : co8 9 c2 x x = + va :
1
0, 2. (50 )
2
: co8 9 c2
x
x = + . it
vn tc truyn sng trn mt n-c la 0,5(m/s). Tnh s im cc i va cc
tiu trn on A,.
A.8 va 8 .9 va 10 C.10 va 10 D.11 va 12

ai gii : nhn vao ph-ng trnh ta thy A, la hai ngun dao ng vung
pha nn s im dao ng cc i va cc tiu la bng nhau va tho mn :
1 1
4 4
AB AB
K

-
- -

Vi
2 2
50 ( / ) 0, 04( )
50
rad 8 % 8
x x
x
x
= = = = Vy : . 0, 5.0, 04 0, 02( ) 2 ;% 2 c2 2 = = = =

Thay s :
10 1 10 1
2 4 2 4
K
-
- -
Vy
5, 25 4, 75 k
: Kt lun c 10
im dao ng vi bin cc i va cc tiu

D'NG BI TR XC NH S IM CC 'I, CC TIU TRN O'N THNG CD
T'O ViI AB MT HNH VUNG HOC HNH CH NHT
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 12
RR: Vi dng bai tp nay ta th-ng c 2 cch gii. Sau y ta tm hiu 2
cch gii nay.

TH1: Hai ngun A, dao ng cng pha.

Cch1: Ta tm s im cc i trn on D. Suy ra
S im cc i trn on DC la: k'=2.k+1
( do DC =2D, k c -ng trung trc ca CD)
t
1
A d = ,
2
B d =
-c 1: S im cc i trn on D tho mn :
2 1
2 1
d d B A
d d k k 2
2 2

= = = Vi k thuc Z.
-c 2 : Vy s im cc i trn on CD la : k'=2.k+1
S im cc tiu trn on CD : k''=2.k
Cch 2 : S im cc i trn on CD tho mn :
2 1
2 1
d d k
A B d d AC BC
2 =
,

|

Suy ra : A B k AC BC 2 Hay :
A B AC BC
k
2 2

. Gii suy ra k.


S im cc tiu trn on CD tho mn :
2 1
2 1
(2 1)
2
d d k
A B d d AC BC
2
= +

|

Suy ra : (2 1)
2
A B k AC BC
2
+ Hay :
2( ) 2( )
2 1
A B AC BC
k
2 2

+

TH2: Hai ngun A, dao ng ng-c pha ta o li kt qu.
t
1
A d = ,
2
B d =
TM S IOM CC I TRN C

Cch 2 : S im cc i trn on CD tho mn :
2 1
2 1
(2 1)
2
d d k
A B d d AC BC
2
= +

|

Suy ra : (2 1)
2
A B k AC BC
2
+ Hay :
2( ) 2( )
2 1
A B AC BC
k
2 2

+
TM S IOM CC TIOU TRN ON cd

Cch 2 : S im cc tiu trn on CD tho mn :
2 1
2 1
d d k
A B d d AC BC
2 =
,

|

Suy ra : A B k AC BC 2 Hay :
A B AC BC
k
2 2

. Gii suy ra k.

A

D
C
O

Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 13
a : Trn mt n-c, hai ngun kt hp A, cch nhau 40cm lun dao ng
cng pha, c b-c sng 6cm. Hai im CD nm trn mt n-c ma ACD la mt
hnh ch nht, AD=30cm. S im cc i va ng yn trn on CD ln l-t
la :
A. 5 va 6 . 7 va 6 C. 13 va 12 D. 11 va 10

a gX :
2 2
50 B A AB A c2 = = + =




Cch 1 : -c 1: S im cc i trn on D tho mn :
2 1
2 1
50 30
3, 33
6
d d B A
d d k k 2
2 2

= = = = = Vi k thuc Z ly k=3
-c 2 : Vy s im cc i trn on CD la : k'=2.k+1=3.2+1=7

S im cc tiu trn on D tho mn :
2 1
2 1
2( ) 2( ) 2(50 30)
(2 1) 2 1 6, 67
2 6
d d B A
d d k k
2
2 2

= + + = = = = . Gii suy ra
k=2,83 (Vi k thuc Z) nn ly k=3 ( v 2,83 2, 5 k = > ta ly cn trn la 3)
-c 2 : Vy s im cc tiu trn on CD la : k'=2.k=2.3=6

Cch 2 :
Do hai ngun dao ng cng pha nn s im dao ng vi bin cc i
trn on CD tho mn :
S im cc i trn on CD tho mn :
2 1
2 1
d d k
A B d d AC BC
2 =
,

|

Suy ra : A B k AC BC 2 Hay :
A B AC BC
k
2 2

. Hay :
30 50 50 30
6 6
k



Gii ra : -3,3<k<3,3 Kt lun c 7 im cc i trn CD.

S im cc tiu trn on CD tho mn :
2 1
2 1
(2 1)
2
d d k
A B d d AC BC
2
= +

|

Suy ra : (2 1)
2
A B k AC BC
2
+ Hay :
2( ) 2( )
2 1
A B AC BC
k
2 2

+ . Thay
s :

2(30 50) 2(50 30)
2 1
6 6
k

+ Suy ra : 6, 67 2 1 6, 67 k + Vy : -3,8<k<2,835. Kt
lun c 6 im ng yn.
A

D
C
O

Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 14

D'NG BI TR XC NH S IM CC 'I, CC TIU TRN O'N THNG L
ng cho ca MT HNH VUNG HOC HNH CH NHT

a : (H-2010) mt thong ca mt cht lng c hai ngun kt hp A va
cch nhau 20(cm) dao ng theo ph-ng thng ng vi ph-ng trnh
2. (40 )( )
A
& co8 9 22 x = va 2. (40 )( )
B
& co8 9 22 x x = + . it tc truyn sng trn mt
cht lng la 30(cm/s). Xt hnh vung ACD thuc mt cht lng. S im
dao ng vi bin cc i trn on D la :
A. 17 . 18 C.19 D.20







ai gii:
2 2
20 2( ) B A AB c2 = + = Vi
2 2
40 ( / ) 0, 05( )
40
rad 8 % 8
x x
x
x
= = = =
Vy : . 30.0, 05 1, 5 ;% c2 2 = = =

Vi cch gii nh- trnh bay trn nh-ng ta ch lc nay la tm s im dao
ng vi bin cc i trn on D ch khng phi DC. Ngha la im C
lc nay ng vai tr la im . Do hai ngun dao ng ng-c pha nn s cc
i trn on D tho mn :
2 1
2 1
(2 1)
2
d d k
A B d d AB O
2
= +

|
(v im B nn v phi AC thanh A cn C
thanh .=O)
Suy ra : (2 1)
2
A B k AB
2
+ Hay :
2( ) 2
2 1
A B AB
k
2 2

+ . Thay s :

2(20 20 2) 2.20
2 1
1, 5 1, 5
k

+ Suy ra : 11, 04 2 1 26, 67 k + Vy : -6,02<k<12,83. Kt

lun c 19 im cc i.
D'NG BI TR XC NH S IM CC 'I, CC TIU TRN O'N THNG L
ng trung trC ca AB CCH MQT OAN x

Bi 1: Trn mt nuoc co hai ngun kt hop AB cach nhau mt doan 12cm dang dao
dng vung goc voi mt nuoc tao ra song voi buoc song 1,6cm. Goi C la mt dim
trn mt nuoc cach du hai ngun va cach trung dim O cua doan AB mt khoan
8cm. Hoi trn doan CO, s dim dao dng nguoc pha voi ngun la:
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5


A

D
C
O

C
A O
M
1
d

Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 15





Huong dn : Do hai ngun dao dng cung pha nn d don gian ta cho pha ban du cua
chung bng 0. D lch pha giua hai dim trn phuong truyn song:
2 d x

2
A = . Ft dim M nm trn duong trung truc cua AB cach A mt doan d
1
va cach
B mt doan d
2
. Suy ra d
1
d
2
. Mt khac dim M dao dng nguoc pha voi ngun nn
1
2
(2 1)
d
k
x
x
2
A = = + Hay :
1
1, 6
(2 1) (2 1) (2 1).0,8
2 2
d k k k
2
= + = + = + (1)
. Theo hinh v ta thy
1
AO d AC A A (2). Thay (1) vo (2) ta c :
2
2
(2 1)0,8
2 2
AB AB
k OC
+
A + A +

' '
(Do
2
AB
AO = v
2
2
2
AB
AC OC
+
= +

' '
)
Tuong duong:
4
6 (2 1)0,8 10 3, 25 5, 75
5
k
k k
k
=
A + A A A
,
=
|
Kt lun trn doan CO co 2
dim dao dng nguoc pha voi ngun.

Bi 2: Trn mt nuoc co hai ngun kt hop AB cach nhau mt doan 12cm dang dao
dng vung goc voi mt nuoc tao ra song voi buoc song 1,6cm. Goi C la mt dim
trn mt nuoc cach du hai ngun va cach trung dim O cua doan AB mt khoan
8cm. Hoi trn doan CO, s dim dao dng cung pha voi ngun la:
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5







Huong dn : Do hai ngun dao dng cung pha nn d don gian ta cho pha ban du cua
chung bng 0. D lch pha giua hai dim trn phuong truyn song:
2 d x

2
A = . Ft dim M nm trn duong trung truc cua AB cach A mt doan d
1
va cach
B mt doan d
2
. Suy ra d
1
d
2
. Mt khac dim M dao dng cung pha voi ngun nn
1
2
2
d
k
x
x
2
A = = Hay :
1
1, 6 (1) d k k 2 = = . Theo hinh v ta thy
1
AO d AC A A (2). Thay
(1) vo (2) ta c :
2
2
1, 6
2 2
AB AB
k OC
+
A A +

' '
(Do
2
AB
AO = v
2
2
10( )
2
AB
AC OC c2
+
= + =

' '
)
C
A O
M
1
d

Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 16
Tuong duong:
4
6 1, 6 10 3, 75 6, 25 5
6
k
k k k
k
=

A A A A =
,

=
|
Kt lun trn doan CO co 3 dim
dao dng cung pha voi ngun.

D'NG BI TR XC NH S IM CC 'I, CC TIU TRN ng trn tm
o l trung im ca AB.

Ph-ng php : ta tnh s im cc i hoc cc tiu trn on A la k. Suy
ra s im cc i hoc cc tiu trn -ng trn la =2.k . Do mi -ng
cong hypebol ct -ng trn ti 2 im.
ai : Trn mt n-c c hai ngun sng n-c A, ging ht nhau cch nhau
mt khong 4,8 AB 2 = . Trn -ng trn nm trn mt n-c c tm la trung
im O ca on A c bn knh 5 # 2 = s c s im dao ng vi bin
cc i la :
A. 9 . 16 C. 18 D.14

ai gii : Do -ng trn tm O c bn knh 5 # 2 = cn 4,8 AB 2 = nn on A
chc chn thuc -ng trn. V hai ngun A, ging ht nhau nn dao
ng cng pha. S im dao ng vi bin cc i trn A la :
AB AB
K

-
Thay s :
4, 8 4, 8
K


-
Hay : -4,8<k<4,8 . Kt lun trn on A c 9 im dao
ng vi bin cc i hay trn -ng trn tm O c 2.9 =18 im.








D'NG BI TR XC NH BIN CA GIAO THOA SNG TNG HR.

RR: TH1: Ha ngun dao ng cng pha
T ph-ng trnh giao thoa sng:
2 1 1 2
( ( )
2 . . .

d d d d
& Aco8 co8 9
x x

2 2
+
=

| |

Ta nhn thy bin giao ng tng hp la:
2 1
( )
2 . cos(

d d
A A
x
2

=
in t gi tr cc i
2 1
2 1
( )
1 2

A
d d
co8 d d k A
x
2
2

= I = =

A
O
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 17

in t gi tr cc tiu
2 1
2 1
( )
(2 1
2
0 )

A
d d
co8 o d d k
x 2
2

= = + =
Ch : Nu O la trung im ca on A th ti 0 hoc cc im nm trn
-ng trung trc ca on A, s dao ng vi bin cc i va bng:
2

A A = (v lc nay
1 2
d d = )

TH2: Ha ngun dao ng ng-c pha
Ta nhn thy bin giao ng tng hp la:
2 1
( )
2 . cos(
2

d d
A A
x x
2

= I
Ch : Nu O la trung im ca on A th ti 0 hoc cc im nm trn
-ng trung trc ca on A, s dao ng vi bin cc tiu va bng:
0

A = (v lc nay
1 2
d d = )

TH2: Ha ngun dao ng vuong pha
Ta nhn thy bin giao ng tng hp la:
2 1
( )
2 . cos(
4

d d
A A
x x
2

= I
Ch : Nu O la trung im ca on A th ti 0 hoc cc im nm trn
-ng trung trc ca on A, s dao ng vi bin : 2

A A = (v lc nay
1 2
d d = )

a : (H 2008). Ti hai im A, trong mi tr-ng truyn sng c hai
ngun kt hp dao ng cng ph-ng vi ph-ng trnh ln l-t la :
. ( )( )
A
& a co8 9 c2 = va . ( )( )
B
& a co8 9 c2 x = + . it vn tc va bin do mi ngun
truyn i khng i trong qu trnh truyn sng. Trong khong gia Ava
c giao thoa sng do hai ngun trn gy ra. Phn t vt cht ti trung im O
ca on A dao ng vi bin bng :
A.
2
a
. 2a C. 0 D.a
ai gii : Theo gi thit nhn vao ph-ng trnh sng ta thy hai ngun dao
ng ng-c pha nn ti O la trung im ca A s dao ng vi bin cc
tiu 0

A =

a : (H2007). kho st giao thoa sng c, ng-i ta b tr trn mt n-c
nm ngang hai ngun kt hp A, . Hai ngun nay dao ng iu ha theo
ph-ng thng ng, cng pha. Coi bin sng khng thay i trong qu
trnh truyn i. Cc im thuc mt n-c nm trn -ng trung trc ca on
A s :
A. Dao ng vi bin cc i
. Khng dao ng
C. Dao ng vi bin bng na bin cc i
D. Dao ng vi bin cc tiu.

Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 18
ai gii : Do bai ra cho hai ngun dao ng cng pha nn cc im thuc
mt n-c nm trn -ng trung trc ca A s dao ng vi bin cc i.

ai : Trn mt nuc c hai ngun A, dao ng ln l-t theo ph-ng
trnh . ( )( )
2
A
& a co8 9 c2
x
= + va . ( )( )
B
& a co8 9 c2 x = + . Coi vn tc va bin sng
khng i trong qu trnh truyn sng. Cc im thuc mt n-c nm trn
-ng trung trc ca on A s dao ng vi bin :

A. 2 a . 2a C. 0 D.a
ai gii : Do bai ra cho hai ngun dao ng vung pha
(
2 1
2 2
x x
x A = = = )nn cc im thuc mt n-c nm trn -ng trung trc
ca A s dao ng vi bin
2

A A = (v lc nay
1 2
d d = )

ai : Hai sng nuwosc -c to bi cc ngun A, c b-c sng nh- nhau va
bng 0,8m. Mi sng ring bit gy ra ti M, cch A mt on d
1
=3m va cch
mt on d
2
=5m, dao ng vi bin bng A. Nu dao ng ti cc ngun
ng-c pha nhau th bin dao ng ti M do c hai ngun gy ra la:
A. 0 . A C. 2A D.3A

ai gii: Do hai ngun dao ng ng-c pha nn bin dao ng tng hp ti
M do hai ngun gy ra c biu thc:
2 1
( )
2 . cos(
2

d d
A A
x x
2

= I thay cc gi tr
cho vao biu thc nay ta c :
(5 3)
2 . cos( 2
0,8 2

A A A
x x
= I =

ai : Hai ngun sng kt hp A va cng tn s, cng bin va cng pha.
Coi bin sng khng i. im M, A,, N theo th t thng hang. Nu
bin dao ng tng hp ti N c gi tr la 6mm, th bin dao ng tng
hp ti N c gi tr:
A. Ch-a d kin . 3mm C. 6mm D. 3 3 cm
ai gii : Ta c : A B NA NB AB = =

in tng hp ti N c gi tr bng bin dao ng tng hp ti M va
bng 6mm

Dang bai tp xac dinh khoang cach ngn nht va lon nht tu mt dim bt
ky dn hai ngun
Bi 1 : Trn b mt cht long co hai ngun kt hop AB cach nhau 40cm dao dng
cung pha. Bit song do mi ngun phat ra co tn s I10(Hz), vn tc truyn song
2(m/s). Goi M la mt dim nm trn duong vung goc voi AB tai do A dao dng voi
bin d cuc dai. Doan AM co gia tri lon nht la :
M N
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 19
A. 20cm B. 30cm C. 40cm D.50cm
Huong dn :






Ta co
200
20( )
10
;
c2
1
2 = = = . Do M la mt cuc dai giao thoa nn d doan AM co gia
tri lon nht thi M phai nm trn vn cuc dai bc 1 nhu hinh v va tha mn :
2 1
1.20 20( ) d d k c2 2 = = = (1). ( do ly k1)
Mt khac, do tam giac AMB la tam giac vung tai A nn ta co :

2 2 2 2
2 1
( ) ( ) 40 (2) A d AB A d = = + = + Thay (2) vao (1) ta duoc :
2 2
1 1 1
40 20 30( ) d d d c2 + = = p n
Bi 2 : Trn b mt cht long co hai ngun kt hop AB cach nhau 100cm dao dng
cung pha. Bit song do mi ngun phat ra co tn s I10(Hz), vn tc truyn song
3(m/s). Goi M la mt dim nm trn duong vung goc voi AB tai do A dao dng voi
bin d cuc dai. Doan AM co gia tri nho nht la :
A. 5,28cm B. 10,56cm C. 12cm D. 30cm
Huong dn






Ta co
300
30( )
10
;
c2
1
2 = = = . S vn dao dng voi bin d dao dng cuc dai trn doan
AB tha mn diu kin :
2 1
AB d d k AB 2 = . Hay :
100 100
3, 3 3, 3
3 3
AB AB
k k k
2 2

. Suy ra : 0, 1, 2, 3 k = I I I . Vy d doan
AM co gia tri bF nht thi M phai nm trn duong cuc dai bc 3 nhu hinh v va tha
mn :
2 1
3.30 90( ) d d k c2 2 = = = (1) ( do ly k3)
Mt khac, do tam giac AMB la tam giac vung tai A nn ta co :

2 2 2 2
2 1
( ) ( ) 100 (2) A d AB A d = = + = + Thay (2) vao (1) ta duoc :
A

M
K=0
d1
d2
K=1
A

M
K=0
d1
d2
K=3
3
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 20
2 2
1 1 1
100 90 10, 56( ) d d d c2 + = = p n



Sng dng
Cu 1: Hai nguoi dung cach nhau 4m va quay mt soi dy nm giua ho. Hoi -.. sng lon nht cua
song dung ma hai nguoi co th tao nn la bao nhiu ?
A. 16m B. 8m C. 4m D.12m
a gX: Ap dung cng thuc tinh chiu dai dy cho song dung duoc c dinh 2 du ;
2
k

suy ra
2
k

vy d co
max
thi k1 Vy
max
2 8( ) 2
C u 2: Mt song dung co phuong trinh : (x , y ( cm), t(s))
khoang cach tu mt nt sng , qua 4 -ng sng , dn mt nt sng khac la :
A.10cm B. 20cm C. 30cm D. 40cm
a gX: Buoc song : D ua v ao phuong trinh trn ta thy
2
0, 2 .

5
5

Khoang cach tu mt nut song , qua 4 bung song , dn mt nut song khac la :






Cu 3: Trn mt soi dy dai 1m (hai du dy c dinh) dang co song dung voi tn s 100Hz. Nguoi
ta thy co 4 dim dao dng rt manh. Vn tc truyn song trn dy la:
A. 50(m/s) B. 200(m/s) C. 25(m/s) D.100(m/s)
a gX: Trn dy co 4 dim dao dng manh nn trn dy co 4 bung song va d dai dy bng 2 ln
buoc song.
2
nut
nut
bung
ngui 1
ngui 2
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 21
Buoc song : Vn tc truyn song :
Chon dap an A.
C u 4: Trn mt soi dy dai 1,4m duoc cng ra , hai du c dinh. Nguoi ta lam cho soi dy dao
dng voi tn s 10Hz thi thy trn dy co 8 dim lun dung yn (k ca 2 du dy). Vn tc truyn
song trn dy la :
A. 1,5(m/s) B. 2,4 (m/s) C.4(m/s) D. 3,2(m/s)
a gX: Trn dy co 8 dim dung yn k ca 2 du dy nn s bung song la : 8 - 1 7 bung song.
D dai dy : buoc song : Vn tc truyn song :

Chon dap an C.
C u 5: Tai mt dao dng cho mt dy dan hi theo phuong vung goc voi soi dy voi tn s 3Hz.
Sau 3 giy chuyn dng truyn duoc 12m doc theo soi dy. Buoc song tao ra trn soi dy :
A. 2,33(m) B. 2(m) C.3,33 (m) D.3(m)
a gX: Vn tc truyn song trn soi dy la : Vy buoc song tao ra la :
Chon dap an C
C u 6: Mt dy AB dai 120cm , du A mc vao mt nhanh m thoa co tn s I 40 Hz, du B c
dinh.Cho m thoa dao dng , trn dy co song dung voi 4 bo song. Vn tc truyn song trn dy la :
A.20(m/s) B. 15(m/s) C. 28(m/s) D. 24(m/s)
a gX: Trn dy co song dung voi 4 bo song , hai du c dinh nn dy dai 2 ln buoc song.
Vn tc truyn song :
Vy chon dap an D.
C u 7: Nhng dc dim no sau dy hng thuc v sng dng :
1/ Song co cac nut va cac bung c dinh trong khng gian.
2/ Ung dung cua song dung la xac dinh vn tc truyn song trn dy.
3/ Diu kin d co song dung khi hai du dy la nut la chiu dai dy phai bng n ln buoc song voi n
la s nut song.
4/ Khoang cach giua hai bung song bng nua ln buoc song.
A.1v a 2 B. 2 v a 3 C. 3 v a 4 D. 2 v a 4
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Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 22
a gX: Theo dinh nghia song dung la : Song co cac nut va cac bung c dinh trong khng gian.
nn (1) dung
Ung dung cua song dung la xac dinh vn tc truyn song trn dy. (2) dung
Diu kin d co song dung khi hai du dy la nut la chiu dai dy phai bng n ln buoc song voi n la
s nut song.(3) sai vi diu kin xay ra song dung khi :
Khoang cach giua hai bung song bng nua ln buoc song. (4) sai vi phai la khoang cach giua hai
bung song lin tip nhau
C u 8 : Mt ng sao dai 80cm, ho hai du, tao ra mt song dung trong ng sao voi m la cuc dai o
hai du ng, trong khoang giua ng sao co hai nut song. Cho vn tc truyn m trong khng khi la
340m/s, tn s m do ng sao phat ra la:
A.2120,5(Hz) B 425(Hz) C. 850(Hz) D. 800(Hz)
a gX: Theo bai ra: ta coi ng sao co hai du l a nut d co s ong dung x ay ra thi chiu d ai ng
sao ph i tha m n :


Chon B
Cu9 : Mt nhac cu phat ra m co tn s m co ban la I 420 Hz. Mt nguoi co th nghe duoc m
co tn s cao nht la 18000 Hz. Tn s m cao nht ma nguoi nay nghe duoc do nhac cu nay phat ra
la :
A.17850(Hz) B. 17640(Hz) C. 42,857142(Hz) D. 18000(Hz)
ai gii: ()
Cu 10: Mt ngun m O xem nhu ngun dim, phat m trong mi truong dng
huong va khng hp thu m. Ngung nghe cua m do la . Tai mt
dim A ta do duoc muc cuong d m la L 70 dB. Cuong d m I tai A co gia tri la:
A.
7
2
W
10
2
-
B.
7
2
W
10
2
C.
5
2
W
10
2
-
D.
2
W
70
2

a gX: Ft tai dim A ta co: L 10 70. ~ 7 ~ ~ I

Vy chon C.
Cu11: : D to hay nho cua mt m ma tai cam nhn duoc s phu thuc vao
A. cung d v bin d ca m B. cung d ca m v vn tc m
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Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 23
C. cung d v tn s ca m. D. tn s ca m v vn tc m
Vy chon C.
C u 12: Pht -iu no sau dy 3dng ?
A. Dao dng m co tn s trong min t 16Hz dn 20kHz
B. V ban cht thi song m , song siu m , song ha m du la song co
C. Song siu m la nhung song ma tai nguoi khng th nghe thy duoc
D. Song m la song doc
a gX: Song m la song doc co tn s tu 16Hz dn 20KHz.
Nhung song co tn s duoi 16Hz goi la song ha m va trn 20KHz goi la song siu m.
Tai nguoi khng th nghe duoc ha m va siu m.
Chon dap an C.
C u 13 : Pht -iu no sau dy l sai:
A. Song co hoc l su lan truyn ca trang thai dao dng trong mi trung vt cht.
B. Song ngang co phuong dao dng vung goc vi phuong truyn song.
C. Qua trinh truyn song l qua trinh truyn nng luong.
D. Song co hoc doc khng truyn duoc trong chn khng nhung song co doc ngang truyn duoc
trong chn khng.
a gX: Song co truyn duoc trong khng gian la do su dan hi cua mi truong vt cht. Trong
khng gian ko co vt cht nhu trong khi quyn Trai dt nn song co hoc khng th truyn duoc vy
D sai. Chon D.
C u 14: Mt song co hoc co phuong trinh song:
Bit khoang cach gn nht giua 2 dim co d lch pha di voi nhau la 1m. Vn tc truyn song la :
A.2,5(m/s) B. 5(m/s) C.10(m/s) D.20(m/s)
a gX: D lch pha cua 2 dim trn phuong truyn song la :
D lch pha cua hai dim cach nhau 1m la , ta co: Chon D
A.2,5(m/s) B. 5(m/s) C.10(m/s) D.20(m/s)
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 24
Cu 15: Hiu pha .a 2 sng ging nhau phai -ng -ao nhiu d khi giao thoa sng hon ton
trit tiu.
A. 0 B.
4
5
C.
2
5
D.
5

a gX: Trong song giao thoa d 2 song trit tiu nhau thi
voi k 0, 1 ,2 ,................ n nhu vy voi k 0 thi
chon cu D la dung
Cu 16: Mt song ngang tn s 100Hz truyn trn mt soi dy nm ngang voi vn tc 60m/s. M va
N la hai dim trn dy cach nhau 0,75m va song truyn theo chiu tu M toi N. Chon truc biu din li
d cho cac dim co chiu duong huong ln trn . Tai mt thoi dim nao do M co li d m va dang
chuyn dng di xung. Tai thoi dim do N s co li d va chiu chuyn dng tuong ung la :
A. m, di xung B. m, di ln C. d uong, di xung D. d uong, di ln
a gX: Buoc song : D lch pha giua M va N :
dao dng tai M va N vung pha .
Do do tai thoi dim do N dang co li d m va chuyn dng di ln.
Chon dap an B. Nhin ln hinh v ta thy
D M va N dao dng vung pha thi khi M
Di xung thi Dim N phai di ln va
vi ca hai du dang nm duoi truc O nn
luc nay ca hai du dang co li d
Hoc ta co th biu din qua chuyn dng tron du :
Khi M di xung N di ln trn duong tron thi tuong ung
d lch pha cua M va N la goc MON gic nay vung
C u 17: Mt song co hoc truyn tu dim O toi M . O va M cach nhau mt doan bng 5 ln buoc
song . Dao dng tai O va M :
A. Cung pha B. Vung pha C. Ng uoc pha D. l ch pha
3
4
5

a gX: M va O cach nhau mt s nguyn ln buoc song nn dao dng cung pha .
Chon dap an A.
M
N
O X
+
M N
O
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 25
Cu 18: Thuc hin giao thoa trn mt mt cht long voi hai ngun ging nhau, cach nhau
13cm cung co phuong trinh dao dng la U 2sin t. Vn tc truyn song trn mt cht long la
80cm/s. em bin d song khng giam khi truyn di tu ngun. S dim dung yn trn doan la:
A. 4 B. 8 C. 5 D. 7
a gX: Bin d dao dng tng hop cua dim M bt ki thuc la:
trong do ln luot la d dai va
Gia su dim M dung yn, ta co A0, suy ra (1)
Lai co cm
Vy (1) tuong duong voi (k thuc Z)
Hay
Ma M thuc nn cm
Tu do rut ra va 0 13 nn -3,75k2,75 ma k thuc Z
nn k-3,-2,-1,0,1,2. Voi mi k thi co 1 dim M xac dinh, vy co 6 dim dung yn.
Chon C
C u 19: Hai ngun song co AB cach nhau dao dng cham nhe trn mt cht long, cung tn s
100Hz, cung pha theo phuong vung vung goc voi mt cht long. Vn tc truyn song 20m/s.S
dim khng dao dng trn doan AB1m la :
A.11 dim B. 20 dim C.10 dim D. 15 dim
a gX: Buoc song
20
0, 2
100
;
2
1
: Goi s dim khng dao dng trn doan AB la k , ta
co : Suy ra 5, 5 4, 5 k - vy k -5;-4;-3;-2;-1;0;1;2;3;4 .
Hay Co 10 dim . Chon dap an C.
C u 20: Hai ngun song co dao dng cung tn s, cung pha .Quan sat hin tuong giao thoa thy trn
doan AB co 5 dim dao dng voi bin d cuc dai (k ca A va B). S dim khng dao dng trn doan
AB la:
A. 6 B. 4 C. 5 D. 2
a gX: Trong hin tuong giao thoa song trn mt cht long , hai ngun dao dng cung pha thi
trn doan AB , s dim dao dng voi bin d cuc dai s hon s dim khng dao dng la 1.
Do do s dim khng dao dng la 4 dim.Chon dap an B.
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 26
Cu 20: Tai dim M cch ngun sng v , sng c bin d cuc
dai. it rng gia M v dung trung truc ca c mt dung dao dng manh, tn s
ca sng l f=15Hz. Tnh vn tc truyn sng trn mt nuc.
A. 18 (cm/s) B. 24(cm/s) C. 36(cm/s) D. 30(cm/s)
a gX:

Chon .
C u 21: Diu nao dng khi noi v nng luong song?
A. Trong qua trinh truyn song thi nng luong song khng truyn di vi no l dai luong bo ton
B. Qua trinh truyn song l qua trinh truyn nng luong.
C. Khi song truyn t mt ngun dim trn mt phng, nng luong song gim ti l binh phuong
vi qung dung truyn song.
D. Khi song truyn t mt ngun dim trong khng gian, nng luong song gim ti l vi qung
dung truyn song. a gX: B)
C u 22: Diu nao sau dy la sai khi noi v nng luong cua song co hoc?
A. Khi song truyn t mt ngun dim trong khng gian, nng luong song gim t l vi binh
phuong qung dung truyn song.
B. Nng luong song lun lun khng di trong qua trinh truyn song.
C. Khi song truyn t mt ngun dim trn mt phng, nng luong song gim t l vi qung
dung truyn song.
D. Qua trinh truyn song l qua trinh truyn nng luong.
a gX: trong thuc t, nng luong song co hoc s giam trong qua trinh truyn song do mt mat
nng luong ra bn ngoai mi truong (ma sat) nn nng luong lun lun ko di trong qua trinh truyn
song la sai . chon B
C u 23: Khi bin d cua song tng gp di, nng luong do song truyn thay di bao nhiu ln?
A. Gi am / B. Gi am C. Khng thay d i D. Tng 4 ln
a gX: Nng luong song:
Cu 23: Sng m truyn trong thp vi vn tc 5000(m/s) . Hai im trong
thp dao ng lch pha nhau 90
0
ma gn nhau nht th cch nhau mt on
1,5(m). Tn s dao ng ca m la :
Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 27
A. 833(Hz) . 1666(Hz) C. 3,333(Hz) D. 416,5(Hz)ai
gii: lch pha
2
2
d 5 5

D Suy ra b-c sng

2 .1, 5
6
2
2
5

5
ma
5000
833( )
6
;
1

Trn Quang Thanh - H Vinh -Ngh An - 2011
Trn bc dng thnh cng, khng c du chn ca k li bing! 28