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Chapter 4 (Laplace Transforms) : Solutions: Solution 4.1 (A)
Chapter 4 (Laplace Transforms) : Solutions: Solution 4.1 (A)
Solution 4.1(a)
1
y
j
Hsin H4 tL cos H2 tLL = i
z
j sin H4 tLz
{
k2
1
= H sin H4 tLL
2
1
4
=
2
2 s + 16
2
= .
2
s + 16
Solution 4.1(b)
2
y
ii1
z
t
-t y
z
j
z
j
H cosh 2 HtL L = j
L
z
j
z
j
z
j 2
{ {
kk
1
-2 t y
i 2 t
j
z
=j
j + + z
z
2
4 {
k 4
1
1
1
1
1
1
= + +
4
s - 2
2
s
4
s + 2
s2 - 2
=
.
s Hs2 - 4L
Solution 4.1(c)
1
y
j
Hcos Ha tL sinh Ha tLL = i
z
j Ha t - -a t L cos Ha tLz
{
k2
1
= Ha t cos Ha tL - -a t cos Ha tL L
2
1 i
s-a
s+a
j
= j
-
2
2
2 j
Hs
aL
+
a
Hs
+
aL2 + a2
k
a s2 - 2 a3
=
.
s4 + 4 a4
Solution 4.1(d)
2
Ht2 -3 t L = H-3 t t2 L =
.
Hs + 3L3
y
z
z
z
{
Solution 4.2(a)
Use partial fractions, i.e. set
s
A
B
= +
Hs + 3L Hs + 5L
Hs + 3L
Hs + 5L
s = A Hs + 5L + B Hs + 3L
Hence
s
3
1
5
1
= - +
Hs + 3L Hs + 5L
2
Hs + 3L
2
Hs + 5L
5
3
y+i
y.
j
j
=i
z
j -5 t z
j - -3 t z
z
{
k 2
k 2
{
j
k Hs + 3L Hs + 5L
3
5
y
z
z = - -3 t + -5 t .
2
2
{
Solution 4.2(b)
Use partial fractions, set
1
A
Bs+C
= +
2
2
s Hs + k L
s
s2 + k2
1 = A Hs2 + k2 L + HB s + CL s
1 = A s2 + A k2 + B s2 + C s
1 = HA + BL s2 + C s + A k2
Equating coefficients of
s2 :
A+B=0
s1 :
C=0
s0 :
1
A =
k2
1
Using the first equation we see that B = -
k2 , and hence
1
1
1
1
s
= -
2
2
2
2
2
s Hs + k L
k
s
k
Hs + k2 L
s
1 i1
y
z
= j
j -
z
2
2
Hs + k2 L {
k ks
1
= H1 - cos Hk tLL.
k2
Solution 4.2(c)
1
, note that from the table of
To find the inverse Laplace transform of
Hs + 3L2
1
Laplace transforms, the Laplace transform of t is
s 2 , and so if we apply the
1
-3
t
. Hence
shift theorem, the Laplace transform of
t must be
Hs + 3L2
1
i
y
-3 t
j
z
z
.
-1 j
j
z=t
2
k Hs + 3L {
Solution 4.3
To solve the initial value problem
y + y = t, y H0L = 0, y H0L = 2;
1
s2
y HsL - s y H0L - y H0L +
y HsL =
s2
1
s2
y HsL - 2 +
y HsL =
s2
1
s2
y HsL +
y HsL = + 2
s2
1
Hs2 + 1L
y HsL = + 2
s2
1
2
y HsL =
+
.
s2 H s2 + 1L
H s2 + 1L
= +
2
2
2
2
s H s + 1L
s
H s + 1L
Using the coverup method (first set s=0 and then s2 =1) we find that A = 1,
B = -1. Hence
1
1
2
y HsL = -
+
s2
Hs2 + 1L
Hs2 + 1L
1
1
y HsL = +
2
2
s
Hs + 1L
y HtL = t + sin HtL.
Solution 4.4
To solve the initial value problem
y + 2 y + y = 3 t e- t , y H0L = 4, y H0L = 2;
Hs + 1L2
1
s2
y HsL - 4 s - 2 + 2 Hs
y HsL - 4L +
y HsL = 3
Hs + 1L2
1
s2
y HsL + 2 s
y HsL +
y HsL = 3
+ 10 + 4 s
Hs + 1L2
1
Hs2 + 2 s + 1L
y HsL = 3
+ 10 + 4 s
Hs + 1L2
1
Hs + 1L2
y HsL = 3
+ 10 + 4 s
Hs + 1L2
1
10 + 4 s
y HsL = 3
+
.
4
Hs + 1L
Hs + 1L2
=
=
= +
2
2
2
Hs
+
1L
Hs + 1L
Hs + 1L
Hs + 1L
Hs + 1L2
Hence
1
1
1
y HsL = 3
+ 4 + 6
4
Hs
+
1L
Hs + 1L
Hs + 1L2
1
y HtL = -t t3 + 4 - t + 6 - t t.
2
Solution 4.5
To solve the initial value problem
y + 16 y = 32 t,
1
s2
y HsL - s y H0L - y H0L + 16
y HsL = 32
s2
1
s2
y HsL - 3 s + 2 + 16
y HsL = 32
s2
32
Hs2 + 16L
y HsL = - 2 + 3 s
s2
32
2
3s
y HsL =
-
+
s2 Hs2 + 16L
Hs2 + 16L
Hs2 + 16 L
2
2
2
3s
y HsL = -
-
+
2
2
2
2
s
Hs + 16 L
Hs + 16L
Hs + 16 L
2
4
3s
y HsL = -
+
2
2
2
s
Hs + 16L
Hs + 16 L
y HtL = 2 t - sin H4 tL + 3 cos H4 tL.
32
.
Note that we used partial fractions to split the term
s2 Hs2 +16L
Solution 4.6
To solve the initial value problem
y - 3 y + 2 y = 4,
y H0L = 1, y H0L = 0;
Hy - 3 y + 2 yL = H4L
4
s2
y HsL - s y H0L - y H0L - 3 Hs
y HsL - y H0LL + 2
y HsL =
s
4
s2
y HsL - s - 0 - 3 Hs
y HsL - 1L + 2
y HsL =
s
4
Hs2 - 3 s + 2L
y HsL = + s - 3
s
4
Hs - 1L Hs - 2L
y HsL = + s - 3
s
4
s-3
y HsL =
+
.
s Hs - 1L Hs - 2L
Hs - 1L Hs - 2L
= + +
s Hs - 1L Hs - 2L
s
Hs - 1L
Hs - 2L
4 = A Hs - 1L Hs - 2L + B s Hs - 2L + C s Hs - 1L.
= +
Hs - 1L Hs - 2L
Hs - 1L
Hs - 2L
s - 3 = D Hs - 2L + E Hs - 1L.
Hence
2
4
2
2
1
y HsL = - + + -
s
Hs - 1L
Hs - 2L
Hs - 1L
Hs - 2L
2
2
1
y HsL = - +
s
Hs - 1L
Hs - 2L
y HtL = 2 - 2 t + 2 t .
Solution 4.7
To solve the initial value problem
y + 4 y + 4 y = 6 -2 t ,
Hy + 4 y + 4 yL = H6 -2 t L
6
s2
y HsL - s y H0L - y H0L + 4 Hs
y HsL - y H0LL + 4
y HsL =
s+2
6
s2
y HsL + 2 s - 8 + 4 Hs
y HsL + 2L + 4
y HsL =
s+2
6
Hs2 + 4 s + 4L
y HsL = - 2 s
s+2
6
Hs + 2L2
y HsL = - 2 s
s+2
6
2s
y HsL =
-
3
Hs + 2L
Hs + 2L2
6
2 Hs + 2L - 4
y HsL =
-
3
Hs + 2L
Hs + 2L2
4
6
i 2
y
j
z
-
z
y HsL =
- j
z
j
2
s
+
2
Hs
+
2L
Hs + 2L3
k
{
6
2
4
y HsL =
- +
3
s+2
Hs + 2L
Hs + 2L2
y HtL = -2 t 3 t2 - -2 t 2 + -2 t 4 t
y HtL = -2 t H3 t2 + 4 t - 2L.
Solution 4.8
To solve the initial value problem
y + 4 y + 5 y = Ht - 4 L,
y H0L = 0, y H0L = 3;
-4 s
3
y HsL =
+
2
2
s +4s+5
s +4s+5
-4 s
3
y HsL =
+
2
Hs + 2L + 1
Hs + 2L2 + 1
1
1
i
y
j
z
y HsL = -4 s j
z
j
z + 3
2
Hs + 2L2 + 1
k Hs + 2L + 1 {
y HsL = -4 s
g HsL + 3
g HsL
where
1
g HsL =
= H-2 t sin HtLL
Hs + 2L2 + 1
and
-4 s
g HsL = H-2 Ht-4 L sin Ht - 4 LL.
Hence
y HtL = 9
t > 4 ,
t 4 .
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
5
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