New

: 5

: 5

. : 5 6 6 3 , 30
.
: 5 8 8 4 , 40
.

5 : ,

5 . : 5 7: 7 -1 6 6
3 , 5 35 .
: 5 3: 3 -1 2, 2 1 , 5 15 .

: 5 , (
) ,

25 . : 25 25 , 2 3 = 6 ,
25 , 625 . : 55 x 55, 5 6 = 30, 3025 .

: 995 x 995, 99 100 9900

=, 990025 .

Grinwis : , - 9

8 8 : 72. (9 7
7 : 63)

: 9
,



.
: 2 9. ,

, , 18 .
Norris : 9 ,

. (5 9: 5 4 ).

, 9
:
1+8=92+7=936+=945+=9
8+97=2+96=3+95=4+9=1
5 9 = 4_. : 4 + _ = 9 9
9 . , 4 5 + 9 = 45 !
"" !
Tamzo :

9
.
.
.
:
4 9 * = 36
= 4-1 3
= 9-3 6
= 36
8 * 9 = 72
8-1 = 7
= 9-7 2
= 72
5 * 9 = 45
5-1 = 4
= 9-4 5
= 45

 : multipling ,

. .

: 9 * 6 ,

, :
9 * 6 = 60 - 54 = 6

11 2
Eldridge :

2 11 24 : 2

+ 4 = 6 24 264 = 11.

2 . ( 10
, .)
11
:
, , 11 54321 . ,

...
54321
x 11
54321
+
597531 =

...
11 54321
5 = +5 4 4 +3 3 +2 2 +1 1
597531 =
? , .
.

, , 9 , .
...
11 9527136
, 6 .
6 ???????.
: 3 6 = 9,
96 ??????.
3 = 4,
496 ?????.
7 = 8 1,
?? 8496.
= 9, 7 2
? 98496.
2 5 = 7 ,
798496?.
5 9 14 =.
: 5

,
4798496.

( ) 10 .
9 1 0 = 10: 9 0 = 9, .
104798496 .

 13 .
, .
.
13 22:
1: (2 100) + 2 + [(2 + 2) 10] = 242.
2: 22 2 44 =
: 242 44 + 286 =.
,
.
13 65:
1: (6 100) 5 + + [(6 5 +) 10] = 715.
2: 65 2 = 130.
: 715 + 130 = 845.

16

, 10 . 10 .

.
16 24:
1: 24 10 = 240
2: (24 1 / 2) 10 12 = 10 120 =

3: 1 2 = 240 120 + + 24 384 =

.. 9 1
Thts ..
. 3 . 3 . 3 . 2
.. 2 . . u 23 2 + 3 = 5.

9 .

Multiplication Table
x 0

10

11

12

0 0

1 0

10

11

12

2 0

8 10 12 14 16

18

20

22

24

3 0

9 12 15 18 21 24

27

30

33

36

4 0

8 12 16 20 24 28 32

36

40

44

48

5 0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

45

50

55

60

6 0

6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48

54

60

66

72

7 0

7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56

63

70

77

84

8 0

8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64

72

80

88

96

9 0

9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72

81

90

99 108

10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

90 100 110 120

11 0 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88

99 110 121 132

12 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144

9
9 x 7 ? 9 ! 10 , 7 . 6
.
63 !

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, ,
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1

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,

" ,
(Geary, , Nugent , Byrd - , 2007) ."
2 memorisation

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12
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++

 , numbers.In
, 48 16 3 * = (24 3 *)
, 1 .
(4 + 1) * (1 + 1) = 5 * 2 = 10 (2 4 3 1
)
, 1 48 10 . 2 = 8 - , , 10
.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
n = (n +1) n / 2
n (n +1) n (1 2n) / 6
n = n (n +1)
n = 2 ^ n
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++

41 ^ 2, 1600 40 41 1681 =
(+59 60) = 3481 - 59 ^ 2, 60 ^ 2
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
(: () = 0) , .

: x 4 3 ^ 2 2 ^ x 6 = 0 .
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
() = 0, (x)
,
( )-x.
(

 .)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
^ 3 + bx ^ 2 + cx + d =
= - /
= / a
= /
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
^ 4 + bx ^ 3 + cx ^ 2 + dx + = 0
= - /
= /
= /
= /
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++
x + y = ( =),
y = (k = / 2). 4 / (2 ^ )
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++
* y k = ( =), SUM
= y (= () ). 2 * () .

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++
| X | + | y |> = | x + y | (| | )
( inequations )
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
= HCF LCM.
LCM =

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++
, 360

/ 360 ( n )


, = (n-2) 180

= 90
= 108
= 120
128.5 =
= 135
Nonagon = 140
= 144
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++
parallelogram , .
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++
(
i) .

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
,
(: + = . .. + )..

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
hexagon : (3) / 3 * 2 () * ()
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
2 b>
> AM> > > ( AM, , , , ,

menasa )
() ^ 2 = *
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
, ,
( + + ) * (1 / / / )> = 9
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++

n
2 <= (n / 1 1) n ^ <= 3
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
^ 2 + ^ 2 + ^ 2> = bc + + ca
= = , .
^ 4 + ^ 4 + c ^ 4 + d ^ 4> = 4abcd
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
(N!) ^ 2> n ^ n ( !)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
+ + + = , ^ * ^ * ^ * ^

/ p = / = r / = / s.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++

a1x + b1y = C1
a2x + B2Y = c2
,
A1/a2 = b1/b2 c1/c2 =, .
= a1/a2 b1/b2 <> c1/c2, . (<>

 )
a1/a2 <> b1/b2, ..

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

++++++++,

0.5 d1 * * D2, d1, d2 lenghts .

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
12
. ,
6 /
1 / 2 / .
5 (1 / 2) .
65 (5 / 11)

.

( ).
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
, (n +1) n (2 n) 24
n , n ^ 2 + 4 4
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
(, ) (, ) (, ) (, ) parallelogram

[/ 2 ( + ), ( + ) / 2] [( + ) / 2 ( + ) / 2] =

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++

1 / 2 * * = 1 / 2 * * * sinc = 1 / 2 * * * = 1 / 2 * * * sinB
= ( () * * () * ( )) = + + c / 2

= * (4 * * / ) circumradius = r * , r inradius
.

= b * CosC + * CosB

 = * Cosa + * CosC
= * CosB + * Cosa
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
A1/b1 = a2/b2 a3/b3 = = ... ... ... ... .. ,

(K1 * a1 + k2 a2 * + k3 a3 * + ... ... ... ... ..) / (... k1 * B1 + k2 * b2 + k3 * B3 ... + ... ...
..),
(A1 + a2 + + a3 ... ... ... ... ./b1 b2 + + B3 ... + ... ....)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
(7)
/ = / b SinB = / 2R = sinc, circumradius
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++ x ^ n -
^ n = (XA) (x ^ (n - 1) + x ^ (n-2) + ... ... + ^ n-1 ()) ... ...
(- 14 ^ 3 17-14 3 = 17 ^ 3 )

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
^ x 1 = () + 1 /! + (X ^ 2) / 2! + (X ^ 3) 3 /! + ... ... ..
2 < <3
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
(1 + x) = (x ^ 2) / 2 + / 3 (x ^ 3) - (x ^ 4) 4 / ... ... ... [
. ogarithm .]
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++

, = ((SA) * () * () * ()), s = ( + +
+ ) / 2

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++

.

( + n)! M! * N! .
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++


circumscribes

.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
= / (1-r), resp .
.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
^ 2 + bx + cx ^ 2 + bx +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
(, ) (, ) (, )
((c + + / 3), ( + d + 3) /).
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++

radii
2:1 .
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
parallelogram = *
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
APPOLLONIUS :
, . .. ,

^ 2 + .. 2 ^ 2 = (. ^ 2 + .. ^ 2) 2 (. ^ 2 + ^ 2).
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
, radii = .
HCF LCM. .
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + + +
= 1 / 3 * *

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + + +
,
bisects.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++
bisects
.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++

bisectors

.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++
X ^ 2 + x = 0 , , ^ 2 1 + + ^ 2 = 0 w 3 ^ = 1

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++
| | + | B | = | + | * b> = 0
| | + | B |> = | + |
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++
2 <= (n / 1 1) n ^ <= 3
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++
:

n

,
/ = (1 / ) ^ n
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++

 = (3) * 3 * () 2 ^
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++
(1 + x) ^ n ~ (1 + nx) x <<<1
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++
:
3,4,5 (2 ^ +5 4 = 3)
5,12,13 (2 ^ +13 12 = 5)
7,24,25 (2 ^ +25 24 = 7)
8,15,17 (8 / 2 ^ +17 15 = 2)
9,40,41 (9 2 ^ +41 40 =)
11,60,61 (2 ^ +61 60 = 11)
12,35,37 (12 / 2 ^ +37 35 = 2)
16,63,65 (16 / 2 2 ^ = 63 +65)
20,21,29 ()
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
Appolonius 4 parallelogram .
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++
= 1 / * 2 ( SIDs ) * = *
midpoints .
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++
,
9 9.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++
y = () = ( ) / (bx ) = (y).
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++
.

WD ^ 2 + ^ 2 = WC ^ 2 WA + ^ 2
.

= / (* ( (3) 1) 2)

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++
'' abcd ' ,
*x^3+b*x^2+*x+

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++
-1 , .
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++
50 59
5X ^ 2 ,
(5X) ^ = 5 ^ 2 + / 2 ^ 2
, (55 2 ^) = / 25 +5 25
3025 =
(56) 2 ^ = / 36 +6 25
3136 =
(59) 2 ^ = / 81 +9 25
3481 =
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +++++++

,
.

+ + (ab/100)
- 3

21 , 2009
:
, ,
.

 2
.
0 7
7 .

1) 259
9 2 = 18.
25-18 = 7 7 259 7 .
2) 2793
32*=6
= 279-6 273
3 2 * 6 =
27-6 = 21 7 2793 7 .
7
1)
2)
3) +,
4) +
40 50
(44).

1 50 )
2)
3 25 )
) 4 xy
1: 44
50-44 = 6
6 = 36
= 25-6 19
1936
2: 47
= 50-47 3
3 = 0f 09
= 25-3 22
2209 answer =
48, 26 49 TRY
:

NUMBER XYZ BE
(XYZ)
1. = ()
2.
= 2 * * + Z 1 carryover.

3. 2 * * + Z () Sq + carryover
2.
4. 2 * * y + 3 carryover.
5. () + carryover
4 .
:
(431)
1. = (1) = 1
2.
2 = * * 1 + carryover 3
1 .= 6
3. 2 * 4 * + (3) + carryover 1
2 .= 2 4 * 1 * +9 17 = 7 carryover
4. 2 4 * * 3 + carryover ( 1). =
1 24 = 25. 5 2 .
5. (4) + carryover
4 . 2 16 = 18.

185761 .

, ,
. 30
4 2
.. .
THEROEM:
2 3 .
30 .
.
.. .

100 20
:
(3,4,5), (5, 12, 13), (8, 15, 17), (7, 24, 25), (20, 21, 29), (12, 35, 37), (9 , 40,) 41 (28, 45, 53),
(11, 60, 61), (33, 56, 65), (16, 63, 65), (48, 55, 73), (36, 77 , 85), (13, 84 85), (39, 80, 89),

 (65, 72, 97).

(15,112,113), (17,144,145), (19,180,181), (20,99,101)
Pythagoras triplet
.

: (3,4,5) .
2 (6,8,10), Pythagoras triplet .

3 (9,12,15) Pythagoras triplet .

4 (12,16,20) Pythagoras triplet .

Pythagoras triplet
(5,12,13)

5,6 7 Pythagoras triplet .

:

, triplet triplet (
triplet ) ,
.

triplet ,
.

.
345
5 12 13
24 7 25
9 41 40
11 61 60
.
= ( ( ) ) / 2

= -1

: = 3,
= (3 +1 * 3) / 2 5 =
01/05 = 4 =
2: = 11

= (9 1 * 9) / 2 = 41
41-1 = 40 =

9,12 15, triplet

3,4,5 triplet 3 .
.

.
345
17 15 8
12 37 35
16 65 63
101 99 20

 .
= ( / 2)

= 2 -

1. = 8
= (8 / 2) 17 =

17-2 = 15 =

2. = 16
= (16 / 2) 1 = 65

65-2 = 63 =
:

% % .

% .
. . .
:

%
% %

% = - XY/100.
1. : 40%

25% .
, 1, 000 .

.

% 40-25 = - (40 25/100 *) = 5%.

5% 1,000 =
100% 20,000 =
C.P = 20,000
S.P = 20,000 + 1000 = .
2: 25%
40% . ,

5, 000 .
.

% 25-40 = - (25 45/100 *) = -25%.

25% 5000 =
100% 20,000 =
C.P = 20,000
S.P = 20,000 - 5,000 = 15,000.
% :
20% 10% .
25% 20% .
20% 25% .
10% 10% .
20% 15% .
.. :

10

42 21 . ,
12
.
?

(21 12 *) / (24-12) = (21 12 *) 9 / 7 = 4 * = 28 .

.
:

1.
( * Y) / ( + Y) .
2. A B
(XS) / (XS).
3. Z

(XYZ) / (XY + YZ XZ +)
4. Y ,
:
(XYS) / (XY-SX-SY)
+ () / ( - )

 + (SY) / ( )

TYPE 1: 60% .
%
.

2 : 60% .
%
.
:
TYPE1: / (60 100) (60 * 100) = 37.5%
2 : (100 60 *) / (100-60) = 150%
:
?
:
- 2

21 , 2009

2) ^ 1 2n-1 3
2 ^ = 2n 1 (3-1) ^ -1 2n
= 3M -1
= 3M, 3
2) 2 ^ 5.3 7.5 ^ ^ 3.7 ^ 2 divisors ?
: (2 ^ 6-1) (3 ^ 8-1) (7 ^ 3-1) (4-1 ^ 5) / 2.4.6

: 'n'
^ x * ^ y * ^ z.

{, , , .. }
:

() (x 1) (1 y) (1 z) ....

() n (/ 01/01 ) * (1-1 / b) (01/01 / )

* ....
() n / 2 * n (/ 01/01 ) * (/ 1-1 ) * (1-1 / )
....

() {^ (1 x)} * { (1 y) ^} * ... .. / ( * y * ...)

) 3 203 10 ANS: 10 primes , 10 = 2 5 *!
2 5 203
203 / 2 = 101
2 / 101 = 50
50 / 2 = 25
25 / 2 = 12
12 / 2 = 6
6/2=3
2/3=1
203 2 ! , 101 50 + + 25 12 + 6 + 3 + 1 + 198 =
5 203
203 / 5 = 40
40 / 5 = 8
5/8=1
203 5 ! 49,
203 10 ! 49
) 4 x + y + z = 7 xy + yz + = 10 zx, ? (+
)

ANS: 49-20 = 29 y , Z , shud 29

, , 5

5) 2310 3 ?
ANS: 2310 2 = 3 * 5 * 7 * 11 *
primes ,
(^ 3 (n +1) + 1) / 2 3

6) , 729 2 ?
ANS: 729 = ^ 2 - ^ 2
= ( ) ( + ),
729 = 3 ^ 5 ,
729 , 729 * 3, 243 *, 9 * 81, 27 27 * .
4

, , findout
,

9 81 *
9 81 * = (ab) ( + ) = 9 + 81 = 45,36
.

) 7 0 1 10000
2 : ANS 9,
3 : 18 + 162 = 180,
4 : 2187 486 + 27 + = +,,
= 180 + 2700 + 4 + 2893 = 9
8) 3 10 20
?
ANS:
10,33 = 10,66 + 11,33 + + 11,66 12,33 + 12,66 + 13,33 + 13,66 + ... ....
21 = 23 + + ...
= 300
9) n = 1 + x x 4 n ,
1) ,
2)

: (1)

(2) multing 1 4 n-2, n-1, n, n +1

10) 987 643 '' ,

?

: , ''
987 , = + r

643 = +
987 - 643 ''
987 - 643 = 86 = 344 * 4 = 43 * 8 43
'r' 43
11) 11,7,4 5,6,3 .
4,7,11 , ?
ANS: ,
REMS
7 11 4
|\\
356
(Coudnt )
, (11,7,4) LCM 11 + * (3 7 * 6 +) 5 +
302 + (11,7,4) LCM REMS 4,7,11 ,
,
302 4 = 2
75 7 = 5

10 = 11 10
12) ^ n - ^ n
+ + = 0 ^ 3 + ^ 3 + c ^ 3 3abc = 13)
: 40 17/03 ^ ^ 23/03 ^ 3 divisble
40-23-17 0 = 40, 3-17 ^ ^ 23/03 ^ 3 3 = 40 * 23 * 17 * 3,5,8,17,23
,
14) cigerette . 85
cigerattes , .
cigerattes , . 77.28 . Cigerattes

?
) 49
) 81
) 84
) 92
ANS: ()
= 77.28 92 84 *, 85 , ()

:


15) 100 5 6 = 33
ANS: 81
: ,

30 '' 33 , 9 n
, 100 9 ^ 2 = 81

121) 16 ,
: ''

121 n ^ 2 + 2 * n + = 1 (n +1) ^ 2

17) , ,
:
'' () - n (n +1) * / 2

() '' (n +1) * * (1 2n) n / 6

() 'n' cubes - ^ 2 * (n +1) ^ 2 / 4
() 1 100 primes - 25

18) LCM, GCF Fractions

:

2002 2

19) Fractions
0.23434343434 ... ... ..
1000 x . = ...
x 10 = 2.3434343434 ... ... ...
, 990 = 232
, x = 232/990
20)
() ( + + )% n = (n% + + n % n%%) n
:
3 1221 , 1331, 1441 9 6, 8,
1 .
3993
9? ( )
(6 8 + 1 +) 9% = 6
() ( * * %) n = (% n * % n * n%) n%
: 1073 1079 * * +, 119 ? (
)
1073 119% =?
1190 119 , 1073 119 2

, " 1073 1079 * * 119 " 2 * 8 * 16 119

256 119 (238 + 18) 119 18
:%

1 zeroes ^ 2 * 2 * 3 ^ ^ 3 * 4 ^ 4 ... ... ... ... .. 98 ^ 98 * 99 ^ 100

* 100 ^ 99
expresion (100!) ^ 100 / 0 1 *! * 2 * 3! rewritten ... .99!

 2400

n!
[N / 5] + [n / 5 ^ 2] ... [n / 5 ^ ]
r 5 ^ r <= n 5 <^ ( )
[..] grestest

..
0 ...! 4! ..

5 ... 9.
.. 1
9! ... 14! ... 2
15 19 ..! ... ... ... ... ... ... 3!
20 24 ..! ... ... ... ... ... ... 4!
25 !
6
25 ... 29 ... ... ... ... ... .. 6
30 ... 34 ... ... ... ... ... .. 7
50 !
75 !

...
5 (1 ... 2 .19) + 25 + 50 + 75
3 50 25 75 ..
1100
-
2400 - 1100
1300
:
) 1 5 squaring:
5 squaring .

 : , , 75.

75 = 7 | 5 5 7 .
' ' 7, ' '8 .
"
,

."

= 7x8 56. LHS . RHS 52 25

752 = 7x (1 7) | 52 = 56 | 25 = 5625!

952 = 9 (1 9) | 25 = 9 / 25 10 * 9025 =
+, = 11 12 | 25 132 = | 25 = 13,225
+, = 20 * 21 | 25 420 = | 25 = 42,025
(!!!) 20052 = 201 * 200 | 25 = | 25 + =
( 200 * 201 ,
?)

.
, .

, ,

, .

6 4
.
, 742 762 . 752 5625
.

742 , 75 74 = 149 . 5625 (+1 5625-150) 5475 = +1 = 5476 149

. 742 . 42 16 742
6 .
752 - 75 76 151 5625 5776 . 762 .
,
,

takeaway .
/ /
" 462 ?"
) 2116
) 2006
) 2014
) 2016
::::::::::::::::::::::
i. 4
ii. 452 = 4x5 | 25 = 2025
iii. 2025
iv. 45 46 = 90 100-10 = => 2115 => '' .
.

.
. 100 101

201 34 35
69 .

.........
:
.


.
1. 11
- 0 ,
11 ? :

 ( 52
:
5_2
:
5_ _2 (2 5)
- : 572.

2 ,
1
:
9_ (9 9) _9
_8_9 (1 9)
10_8_9
1089 - .
2.
2 5 ,
. Mulitply + 1 , 25 . !
252 = (2x (1 2)) 25
2x3=6
625
3. 5

5 ,
? .

, 2 (
, ) . ,
. , 5 .
:

2682 x = 5 (/ 2 2682) 5 0
, / 2 = 1341 ( 0 )
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Translate

13410
:
5887 x 5
2943.5 ( ( , 5 )
29435
4. 9

- 9 1 9
( 9 3 )
(9 3 2 ) ( 7) 27 .
5. 4

,

.
,
:
58 x 4 = (58 x 2) + (58 x 2) = + (116) (116) = 232

6.
15% , . 10% (10
) -
:
$ = 25 + (25 10%) 15% ((25 10%) / 2)
2,50 $ + $ 1,25 3,75 = $
7.


,
:
32 x 125, :
16 x 250 :
8 x 500 :
4 x 1000 = 4000
8. 5

 . 2

:
195 / 5
Step1: 195 * 2 = 390
Step2: 39.0 39 :
2978 / 5
1: +, * 2 = +,
Step2: 595.6
9. 1,000
1000 9
, 10 :
1000
-648
step1: 9 = 3 6
step2: 9 4 = 5
Step3: 8 10 2

: 352

- 5 squaring
5 , ,

,
"25" .

: 652 , 6 * 7 = 42 , "4225" .
: 252 2 * 3 = 6, "625" .
:
5!

, 84 76
. 80
.

84 76 * rewritten
(80 + 4) (80 - 4)
6400 - 16 =: 42, 802 .
: ,

 . , squaring
!

1003 * 1004, , :
(1000 4 +) (3 + 1000)
:
10002 + 1000 * 3 + 4 * (4 + 3)
1,007,012 . ,
(1000 + ) (1000 + ) = + ( + ) 1000 + *
" "
.

:
99 * 98
= (100 - 1) (100 - 2)
= 10000 - 100 - 200 + 2
9702 =
, ,

, :
1001 998 *
= (1000 + 1) (1000 - 2)
= 1000000 + 1000 - 2000 - 2
998998 =

, " " !
, ,
,

,
.

, ,

. , :
2001 999 *
= (2000 + 1) (1000 - 1)
= 2000000 + 1000 - 2000 - 1
1998999 =
11

4 , 11 :
= 112 121
113 1331 =
= 114 14641
(x + y) 4 ,
:
1x4 + + 4x3y 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + 1y4
= 114 14,641 .
114 4 (1 + 10) :
(10 + 1) 4 1 = 104 * 4 + 103 * 6 + 102 * 4 + 101 * 1 +



,
, :
+ + ar2 + ar3 + ... =

(1 - r)
:
10 + / 3 10 + / 10 9 + 10/27 + ...
/ = 10 (1 - 1 / 3) ( )
10 = / (/ 3 2)
= * 10 (3 / 2)
15 =
n integers
:
1 2 + 3 + + ... + N =
n (n +1)
2
: 1 2 + 3 + + ... + = 12 / 2 13 * 6 = 13 * 78 = 12
( 12 / 2 * 13 12 * 13 2

,, 2 6 * 13 12
.)

n

n n2 .
: 4 : 1 + 5 + + 7 = 16 42 = 3

 n
1 22 + 32 + + ... + N2 =
(n +1) n (1 2n)
6
: 10 :
: 1 4 + 9 + 6 + 25 + 36 + 49 + 64 + 81 + 100 + 385 =
: 10 * (10 +1) (20 +1) / 6 = 10 * 11 / 6 * 21 = 385
:
10 * / 6 21 * 11
, 10 * 11 * 21 , 2
, 2 : . , 5 10 :
5 11 * * 21
, 21 - 3 3
:
5 11 * * 7
(2 3 )
, 6 .
5 * 11 * 7 = 385 , ( )
.
- 5 squaring
5 , ,

,
"25" .
: 652 , 6 * 7 = 42 , "4225" .
: 252 2 * 3 = 6, "625" .
:
5!

, 84 76 . 80
.
84 76 * rewritten

(80 + 4) (80 - 4)
6400 - 16 =: 42, 802 .
: ,
. , squaring
!

1003 * 1004, , :
(1000 4 +) (3 + 1000)
:
10002 + 1000 * 3 + 4 * (4 + 3)
1,007,012 . ,
(1000 + ) (1000 + ) = + ( + ) 1000 + *
" "
.
:
99 * 98
= (100 - 1) (100 - 2)
= 10000 - 100 - 200 + 2
9702 =
, ,

, :
1001 998 *
= (1000 + 1) (1000 - 2)
= 1000000 + 1000 - 2000 - 2
998998 =
, " " !
, ,
,

,
.

 , ,
. , :
2001 999 *
= (2000 + 1) (1000 - 1)
= 2000000 + 1000 - 2000 - 1
1998999 =
11
4 , 11
:
= 112 121
113 1331 =
= 114 14641
(x + y) 4 , :
1x4 + + 4x3y 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + 1y4
= 114 14,641 .
114 4 (1 + 10) :
(10 + 1) 4 1 = 104 * 4 + 103 * 6 + 102 * 4 + 101 * 1 +


,
, :
+ + ar2 + ar3 + ... =

(1 - r)
:
10 + / 3 10 + / 10 9 + 10/27 + ...
/ = 10 (1 - 1 / 3) ( )
10 = / (/ 3 2)
= * 10 (3 / 2)
15 =
n integers

:

1 2 + 3 + + ... + N =
n (n +1)
2
: 1 2 + 3 + + ... + = 12 / 2 13 * 6 = 13 * 78 = 12
( 12 / 2 * 13 12 * 13 2
,, 2 6 * 13 12
.)
n
n n2 .
: 4 : 1 + 5 + + 7 = 16 42 = 3
n
1 22 + 32 + + ... + N2 =
(n +1) n (1 2n)
6
: 10 :
: 1 4 + 9 + 6 + 25 + 36 + 49 + 64 + 81 + 100 + 385 =
: 10 * (10 +1) (20 +1) / 6 = 10 * 11 / 6 * 21 = 385
:
10 * / 6 21 * 11
, 10 * 11 * 21 , 2
, 2 : . , 5 10 :
5 11 * * 21
, 21 - 3 3
:
5 11 * * 7
(2 3 )
, 6 .
5 * 11 * 7 = 385 , ( )
.

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1 1 - 1
ikawnalangangakingiibiginZel Greywords, 2
55115

2
dharmikupadhyaydharmikupadhyay 3

1 apaahsapaahs
-
234X234 +1234-875 =? ! !
7-11-13 !

!

231 884 .


x 11 x 13 x 7
... ,
! !
:

! 231 231231 884
884884 .
?
! . ,
x7 x11 13 x
!
3367 :
7-11-13 . , !
2 74
3367 x

747474
. 249158
,
,
!
!
!
,

.
( )
.
78341

... 7 +3 +8 +4 +1 = 23
... . 78341 - = 23 +
. (
)
7x318

 . 7-3-1-8
, !

9 .
, 9 .
, , 9 .
7 +8 +1 +3 +8 27 = .
, .

. +3 7 +1 19 = +8

! 19 9 27 . .
!

.
. ! ,
, .
1. 18
2. 25

3. 333
4. 8

5. 554
6. 2
7.
8. 5

9. 692
10. 20

11.
12. 32940 !
: / / . , 123,199 31
, 1999 . ,

.
"24" !

 3 , 1
, 24 ! 112 24 = 121 121 - 1 = 120
120 .
?
, ( )

(1 6N) (6N-1) .
(1 6N) 2 = 36n 12 n 1. (1 6N) 2 -1 = 36n 12 12n (1 3N) . (
3N) , 24 .
(6N-1) 2 = +1 36n-12n. (6N-1) 2 = 36n 12n -1. 12n (3N-1) . (3N-1)
, 24 .

,
...

5 ,

.
. (

.)
17
12
, : 6
.
, 2801 ,

:
2801 * = 17 + 12 / = 2801 =
... ! .
1999

1. ,
.
2. 2
.
3. 5 .
4. 50
.
5. . . .
1749 .
. . .

1748 .
6. :
.
:

(
) .

!!
,
. . .

.
. 1. . 2 (
). ( ) 3

. 4 80
. 1 5 . 6 250
. 7 4 .
4 . 8. 9 250 . 2
??????


.

! !
1 100 .
5
.

.
10 .
.
1 100 . .
1998
.
.
10 .

.
2
2 2 .
365
.
.

 .


.
.
- .
/ .
...
: "

."
5 1
5
, ,

:
1 , 1 4 , 4 + 1 = 5

,
, 4 5,
5 4 = 20

20
= 25 ? . .
!
2025
5 2
100

.

.
, .
:
8
,

1 8
8+1=9
, 8 9

9 8 72 =

, , 72
= 25
5 2
squaring
5 2
.
.

: .
:
58 ,
5 5 = 25 ( ).
25 8 + 33 = (25
).
3 33 3 _ _
8 8 64 = (
).
64 4 _ _
58 = 3364 58.
?
= 53 53,
5 5 25 ( ).
25 + 3 = 28 (25
).
8 2 28 _ _
3 3 = 9 (
).
09 _ _ 0 9
53 53 2809 =.
2 5 squaring
2 5 .

.
: XX _ _.
: 25 _ _ 2 5.
:
35, 3 4 12 = ( ). 1 2 _ _
: 25 _ _ 2 5.
35 35 1225 =.
?
65 65, 6 7 = ( ) 42 2 4 _ _.
: 25 _ _ 2 5.

65 65 = 4225.
Squaring

.
:
4 6
3
5 4
6
:
666
4 ( ) 4 3 4 3 5 (4 ) 5 5 6 6
666 + = 443556.
?

66666
4 ( ) 4 4 4 4 3 3 5 (4 ) 5 5 5 5 6 6
66666 66666 4444355556 =.
20x20

20x20
.
, 11 19

.
10x10

.
:
15 13 x .
.
13 15 3 .
.
15 + 3 = 18

(10
) 180 .
x 3 "5"
(3x5 = 15)
180 15 + = 195 .
! ? !
11
10 (10
, 0 )

 11 ? !


. ! 11

:
54 .
(5__4) .

!
5 4 (= 4 5 9)
594 9 . ! 11 x 54 = 594
9 ,
"" "" . 11 x 57 ... 5__7 ...
7 5 = 12 ... 12 5 1 627 6 ... 11 x 57
= 627 !
9x :
9
, : (1)
. (2) 3
, 3
. 4
,
4 . (3) 27 ...
7
. 9x10 !

11

x 9 11 . 11

. .
.
. .
. .
. .
1 - 425 x 11
4 = 4 + 2 = 6. 2 5 + = 7 = 5 4675 .
2 - 5890 x 11
= 5. 5 + 8 = 13. 13 . , 1 5 . 3 . 8 + 9
= 17. 3 1 . 4 . 7. 9 0 + = 9. . 0
. : 64790

,
(
).

1. . 2.
. 3.
. 4.
, , , 17 . 5.
. 6. 6 .
3 !

5
5 5 , 5 10 .
,
7 + 5 = 12.
7 - 5 = 2; + 2 10 = 12.
5
5 5 , 5
10 .
,
23 - = 5 18.
23 + 5 = 28, 28 - 10 = 18.
5
, 2 10 .
,

, / 5 = = 2750/10 275.

5

5 10 2

,
137 5 / 2 = 685 =.

5
, 2 10 .
,

, / 5 = = 2750/10 275.

/ 4

2 .
,
124 / 4 / 62 = 31 = 2. ,
124 4 248 = 2 496 =
/ 25

4 .
,
37 25 = 3700 / 4 / 2 1850 = 925 =.

/ 8

2 .
,
124 8 = 248 4 496 = 2 992 =.
/ 125

8 .
,
37 125 = + / 8 = , / 4 / 2 = 9250 = 4625.
squaring.
25 :
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 9 16 4 25 36 49 64 81 100 121 144 169 196
17 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
225 256 625 289 361 400 324 441 484 529 576

, 13 . : 13 (
) 3 ( )

16 = 13 + 3. : 3 = 9. 169: .

, 14 . , ,
(14) 18 14 = + 4 (4) . , : 4 = 16. 1816
(18) , 14, <20 (16)

14 <20 400 = 6 (8) 14 = 196

.

26 50 .
. 25 25
, , = 100x. , = 26 , = 1
= 24. :
26 = 24 100 + 676 =.

51 99 .
50 100 , = 50 + = 50 - =

200x +. ,

63 = 37 200 + 13 = 1369 + 2600 = 3969.

.
87 . -

. 87 90 . 87 3 , 90
, 87 3 . 84 . ,
87 = 90 84 3 + = + 360 + 9 = 7569.

Squentially

 = 111, ,
= 110
12100 . 110 111 :
111 110 = 110 + 111 +
12100 = 221 +
12321 =.

5 .
5 = 10a 5 +,

25 ( + 1)
. , 115 . 115 11 = 10 5 +, = 11 . 11 1 (11 +)
= 11 12 = 132 (3 1 = 2 +). , 132 13225 25
!

10a + 10a + + = 10
5 squaring :
, 113 117, = 11, = 3, c = 7. 11 1 (11

+) = 11 12 = 132 (3 1 = 2 +). , 132 13221 21 (= 3

7) !

5 .

.
7

9
. . 5
: 7 (7 - 5
= 2) 2 4 (9 - 5 = 4) 9. 6 = 2 + 4. 5 : 2
3 (5 - 2 = 3) 4 (5 - 4 = 1) 1. 3 = 3 1 . ,
63 = 6 10 3 + (6 3) .

.
, ,

24 28. : (24 + 28) / 2 = 26 (28 - 24) / 2 = 2.

:
28 24 26 = - 2 = 676 - 4 = 672.
.
, . ,
33 32 = ( 65 - 1 ) / 4
= (+, - 1) / 4
= +, / 4
1056 =.

100 .
, 94 98
. - 94 = 6 100 - 98 2 = 100: 100

. 94 - 2 = 98 - 6

, : 92. .
6 12 = 2 . , 98 9212 = 94.

11 .

2 11 , .

, . 10 ,
.
, 34 11 = 3 + 4 = 7 374. 47 11 517 = 7 4 + = 11.
.
.
,
427 - 38 = (427 - 27) - (38 - 27) = 400 - 11 389 =.
" ,
". :
1049 - 187 = 1000 - (187 - 49) = 900 - 38 = 862.
.
.

 ,
487 38 + = (487 13 +) + (38 - 13) = 500 + 25 = 525.
" ,

". :

1049 187 + 1100 = + (187 - 51) = 1200 + 36 = ,.

, # 2.
. ,
583 + 645 = 600 + 40 + 5 + 583
= 40 + 5 + 1183
1223 = 5 +
1228 =.
Multipliply, .
9
, 10
, . ,
23 9 = 230 - 23 = 207.



:
23 51 = 50 23 + 23
= , / 2 + 23
1150 = 23 +
1173 =.
87 48 87 = 50 87 - 2
= / 2 8700 - 160 - 14
= 4350 - 160 - 14
= 4190 - 14
4176 =.
9, 99, 999,

9 99, 999

. 9 .

9
, 1 = - 1. 9

: = 9 - .
:
9a = ...

 , 6 9 ( = 6) : 5 = 6 - 1. - 5 4 =
9:
Subract. , 6 9 = 54 .
, 2 :
.. = 100B +
= 100 ( - 1) + (99 - ( - 1))
= 100A - 100 100 + = 99a.
. ,
543 999 = 1000 542 + (999 - 542)
542457 =.

97 86 + 83 + 95 + 85 + 70 + 84 + 72 + 77 + 81 + 70 + 85 + 84 + 76 + 92 + 66 +?
.
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 ! mathcasts .
_____________________

, . ,
.
,

.

.
. . , ,
.
.


,

.

:
.
1. 9, 99, 999

9
10-1
.
, 9x9 9x (01/10) 9x10-9 90-9 81 .
: 46x9 = 46x10-46 460-46 = 414 =.
: 680-68 68x9 = 612.
99
, 100-1
.
, 46x99 = 46x (100-1) 4600-46 = 4554 =
999
9 99
.

38x999 = (1000-1) 38x 38,000-38 = = 37,962.

2. 11

11
,

:
11 436
.
6 , 3 6, 9
.
6 9 .
3 4 7 . 7 .
, leftmost , 4.
, 436x11 = 4796 .
: 3254x11.
: (3) (3 +2) (2 +5) (+4 5) (4) 35794 =
, : 4657x11.
: (4) (+6 4) (6 +5) (+7 5) (7).
7 .
7 5 = 12.
2 .
6 = 11 5 1 12 = .

, 2 .
4 10 = 6, 1 11 = .
, .
Leftmost , 4 , .
, = 4657x11 51227.
3. 5, 25, 125

5
10
2 . : 10

0 .
12x5 = (12x10) / 2 = 120 / 2 60 =.
: 64x5 = 640 / 2 320 =
, 4286x5 = / 2 = 42,860 21,430.
100
( 0 ) 25
4
100 = 25x4. : 4 2 = 2x2 4 .
64x25 = 6400 / 4 / 2 3200 = 1600 =
58x25 = / 4 5800 = 2900 / 2 = 1450.
125
, multipy 1000 8x125 = 1000 8 .

8 = 2x2x2. , 1000 0 2 .
32x125 = 32,000 / 8 = 16,000 / 4 / 2 = = 4000
48x125 = +, / 8 = / 4 = 12,000 / 2 =.
4.

.

 2, 4 6
.
12x14 .
1 .
12x14 (13x13) = = -1 168.
16x18 = (17x17) -1 = 288.
99x101 = -1 (100x100) 10000-1 = = 9999
4 ( ) 4 .
11x15 = (13x13) -4 169-4 = 165 =
13x17 = (15x15) -4 225-4 = 221 =
6 9
.
12x18 = (15x15) -9 = 216.
17x23 = (20x20) -9 = 391.
5. 5 2 squaring
5 25 .


.
35x35 25 . 3 3
. , 3x4 = 12
. , 1225 35x35 =
65x65 6x7 = 42 4225 .
85x85: 8x9 = 72 7225 .
6.
10 2
48 42
.
4 .

, 2 8, 10 . :

().
:
42x48 : 4 4
. , 4x5 = 20. 20 .
2x8 = 16:
. 16 .
42 48 2016.

42 48 6 4
.
: 64x66. 6x7 42 =. 4x6 24 =. 4224 .
: 86x84. 8x9 72 =. 6x4 24 =. 7224
7. 2 squaring
58 . . 5x5 25
=. 8x8 64 =.
2564 . , squaring , 5x8 = 40

.
: 40x2 80 =, 0 , 800 .
2564 800 3364 .
.
32x32. 3 2 squaring .
3x3 = 9. 2x2 4 =. 0904 .
.

.
, 2 3
. 2x3x2 12 =.

120. , 0904 120 , 1024 .

56x56. 5x5 6x6 . 2536 .

5x6x2 60 =.
600.
56x56 2536 = = 600 3136.
: 67x67. 3649 .
6x7x2 = 42x2 84 = 840
.
67x67 , = = 840 4489.
8.


.
2
.

.
16 14
.
:
14x16 = 28x8 = 56x4 = 112x2 224 =.
: 12x15 = 6x30 = 6x3 180
.
48x17 = 24x34 = 12x68 = 6x136 = 3x272 = 816. ( 3x27 = 81
.)
9. 2

2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 2


. 16
, = 16 2x2x2x2 4
.
15x16: 15x2 = 30. 30x2 60 =. 60x2 120 =. 120x2 240 =.
23x8: = 23x2 46. 46x2 92 =. 92x2 184 =.
54x8: 54x2 108 = 108x2 216 =. 216x2 432 =.