Cch pht m ca cc nguyn m Trong thi i hc cc bn hay gp dng cu hi:Chn t m phn gch chn c cch pht m khc vi nhng

g t cn li: A. heat B. seat C. great D. meat. Phn gch chn l cc nguyn m n a, o, u,e, i v y hoc s kt hp khc nhau ca chng. Vy ti sao ea trong seat, meat, heat li c khc ea trong great. Mt s kinh nghim v lu di y s gip cc bn tho g dng bi ny. Hu ht cc ch c vit di dng ee (meet), ea (meat), e-e (scene) u c pht m thnh /i:/. Trng hp e (me), ie (piece) cng c pht m nh trn nhng khng nhiu. Ch e (men) hay ea (death), ie (friend), a (many), ai (said) c pht m l /e/. Hu ht cc ch c vit l ar, al th c pht m l /a:/. Ch a trong ask, path, aunt cng c pht m l /a:/. Cc ch vit l ear, ere, are, air, th c pht m l /e/ (ngoi heart c pht m l /ha: t/). Cc ch c vit l a-e (mate) ay (say), ey (grey), ei (eight), ai (wait), ea (great) th khi pht m s l /ei/. Cc ch c vit l a th pht m s l // (Tr trng hp sau a c r sau r khng phi l mt nguyn m). Tuy nhin ch a trong ask, path, aunt li c pht m l /a:/. Hu ht cc ch c vit l i-e (smile), ie (die), y (cry) c pht m l [ai]. Mt s ch vit l igh (high), uy (buy) cng c pht m ging nh trn nhng khng nhiu. Ring cc t fridge, city, friend li khng c pht m l /ai/. Hu ht cc ch c vit l i (win) c pht m l /i/, i khi y cng c pht m nh trn (Tr trng hp sau i c r sau r khng phi l mt nguyn m). Hu ht cc ch c vit l er hoc nguyn m trong cc m tit khng c trng m th c pht m thnh //: teacher, owner...

Ch u trong ting Anh c 3 cch pht m: Pht m l /u:/ (u di) khi ng sau /j/ (June); pht m l // hoc // trong cc cch vit khc nh full, sun. Khi t c 2 ch oo vit cnh nhau th hu ht s c pht m thnh /u:/ tr cc trng hp m cui l k: book, look, cook... Cc ch ci c pht m l /:/ thuc cc trng hp sau: ir (bird), er (her), ur (hurt). Ngoi ra cn c cc trng hp ngoi l or (word), ear (heard) Cc ch ci c pht m l /:/ thuc cc trng hp sau: or (form, norm). Cc trng hp ngoi l khc: a (call), ar (war), au (cause), aw (saw), al (walk), augh (taught), ough (thought), four (four). Cc ch ci c vit l oy, oi s c pht m l //. V d: boy, coin... Cc ch ci c vit l ow, ou thng c pht m l // hay /a/, tuy nhin chng cng cn c nhiu bin th pht m khc na. Samples: Chn t m phn gch chn c cch pht m khc vi nhng t cn li 1. A. heat B. seat C. great D. meat 2. A. book B. floor C. cook D. hook 3. A. circle B. brick C. fit D. fish 4. A. table B. lady C. captain D. labour 5. A. loudly B. without C. thousand D. thought 6. A. size B. grey C. life D.eye 7. A. so B. show C.who D. though 8. A. name B. flame C. man D. fame 9. A. earn B. third C. where D. dirty 10. A. bed B. get C. decide D. setting

p n bi thi mu trong bi hc Cu to t 1. Key: C Hint: T cn in l mt danh t (sau gii t of) nn dependence v independence u tha mn yu cu. By gi ta xt ngha ca 2 t dependence s ph thuc, independence s c lp th hin nhin p n l independence. Cuc khng chin ginh c lp ca M thng li nm 1776 2. Key: B Hint: C 4 phng n u l danh t c cu to t ng t break. Breakdown ni v s hng hc ca my mc, breakthrough l nhng pht kin khoa hc mi, breakup l s v (trong gia nh), breakaway l s chia ly, ri xa. p n ca cu ch c th l breakthrough. 3. Key: C Hint: B ngha cho danh t way l mt tnh t nn economy v economically b loi. Economic vi ngha l thuc v kinh t/mang tnh cht kinh t cn economical li ngha l tit kim. Xt ngha ca cu th economical l ph hp hn c. t than l mt cch si m cho ngi nh rt tit kim 4. Key: D Hint: T few mang ngha ph nh ch mt iu g cn tn ti rt t t ta suy ra c tnh t trong cu phi mang ngha ph nh - unexplored chnh l p n ca cu. (Nhn bit t tri ngha qua tin t un). 5. Key: C Hint: T hate (ght b) mang hm ngha ph nh do danh t (sau his) cng phi mang ngha ph nh. p n ca cu l unreliability. 6. Key: D Hint: Ngha ca cu trn c dch ra nh sau: Cnh st ang rt quan tm n s bin mtt ngt ca bc tranh gi tr . Danh t ca ng t appear (xut hin) phi mang ngha ngc li disappearance l p n ca cu. (Appear ch kt hp c vi tin t dis-). 7. Key: C Hint: T in vo trng l danh t ch ngi dng s nhiu competitors l p n ca cu. 8. Key: C Hint: Cc t hp t u l dng kt hp ca look lookup (s tra cu), look-in (ci nhn thong qua), outlook (vin cnh/ trin vng trong tng lai), lookout khng

tn ti dng danh t m ch c cm ng t to look out. R rng cu trn cp n vin cnh trong tng lai nn p n s l outlook. 9. Key: D Hint: B ngha cho ng t behave phi l mt trng t tuy nhin tell sb off c ngha l ry la, k ti th trng t b tr cho behave (nguyn nhn dn n vic tell off) phi mang ngha ph nh irresponsibly l p n ca cu. 10. Key: D Hint: Sau all l mt danh t s nhiu. Thng thng chng ta nhn bit danh t s nhiu bng ui s tuy nhin mt s danh t ch mn hc (economics, politics...) c ui s nhng khng phi danh t s nhiu. p n ca cu l politicians chnh tr gia.