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HEBREW PHARAO'HS
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EGYPT
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Acknowledgments
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declica~(ld iref,ofitth and 511u:!ly hnve goRe into, Lncmuldi1~ sf Llu:s;l:Iook_ In \!I!riling IE. ~'Hlf!:J,t11or"S chi.M OOlltmm i:nhiaLiy W~H'"1D: ;a.ss~m:b le {I mass of llom;Jl!I'li'x -t::...idrurtce cle;s;ilJ] iJ'd ro ~DItI(i IJJltel:»1;)1 i·
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Her

MlljleS[)T'

P'rirlilm:s. Lond~IDJ'. Tile uulh&i' is; d~p 'i ind'et U;d t· the Difflf.:l~r'!,lfe iru ,1USOOflll,lIlf mq ,t Ill" the pl,O[Q,gril,I,h. r~[l!I'oduelfd in 11m btlDk_ Th .photograph!, sl1aw~ ing the Ilead of Am0nhu'l,ep m trom nle~ an riI lli0 b'iJSI 0 r Ra11'Ule:s;,U
rel1J1(l''\llWl Jirom Thl!bcsby JlsJ.:umf are re!1foHrn:~ '!till' tralJl:rwsy ,01' .hi~

Tru'£[tJ:1o:S uf'~b~ .Briti.:ili

_ tlri-n:

M\:I!50U~ll: the

pbotu~,:rnpl1 of 'WI:; :btl!!Ule 0F &Ie~~ is

:B,gj.~IO"

~prO(jh,lcet~ b:y perm:]s!Ul'm

(ll~ tlIli! ' 1J~rmtJ3<lltll,e,lu of the MW1;eO

"-j.OO1Ufl

111~'108s·Hiilhtf of

1~ I'cpmd'rlutdi t>~lu_ri~i.'}' (;'It' ['1m Petrie

ConV~_D'U oaJ oceOl!i11t~ of' Lite- life D~'JosupL~. Ut Hebrew paili'~oroh ,!Jh rook the ilrib ' of ~6mel do.wfll '10 E:gypt. ] . in I!lilllIllY MSPeclS tUlsIU.is,fllc.

Mu, C-Unl'l Ul'i~'i(er:slllIOnG_ge LUl'ltlufl (lC.1~37'" IDe phOlugr'dph n Sltarmm s kold-tub is from the' _amarvoa Colloction •. itl.- 0f Edward S. Hazknes , 19261 ,(26.1.91 O)~ the head Fund. ~~51J '2.3. j 10. H. nnd Ith..:; UU1J -of

'f Tu.ro:nkb Htm;~,

mun Pr)1fI] rh lI~efl;l fujm M mph is, tl g'fti

uf Mr. um.1 Mr~. . Evtiri t ~1;]:1!Y.J 923 (50'.ID; ilfUI are rt:pr~'14U-1.'t,d, V i..'OUb!S) CJif: lI~eTruSliee:s of ~ M~ItQP!:dU~ft MU';m:im'of tut. N'1)I\\i Yor\. TILt are i'IO' 'NO-nil :tJ 'q,Wilec to e~~i'e.iiS ll111:: rualJu,' gl'.IlIt rude lil Mr[.11. 1. W~'l;Icr for ~11!ihelp III pn:pftnng ~b~ maooscl'li't for IPlLlbhL'Ul':ion, He ,would '1,1--0 Ub I -give Mi' T ~. H-Wro" hi sp~~ JJ1unk~. fOf WilJhcH[l hl)r I ~ n iu$rllSt an ,,\ri.d· ~n ,wi Adtl/! of l-bi3sl.l_bji!~L this hook w Uld. not,
I:HI'\I • carne t, Ug,llL.

tury., Vu nm t ~d'o1 . t;J;', nBe propbeaies and drarnatl events, bUl til yare nlill ~~ the _w.hl:lJe Illlk,ud lo§eUtew- ill' ny ~()igr!l'itl'l;nneWCll'k '<If CRUS OI.nd ef-ree~ ~W:: Ir,;i~id r hiUU:fi: lileha,!(j,l.lur~ but are ] Ii '1at)C'I,)" j·fI tlie cJnl'k ~~\" J(d wh)' 'fl1iC" cl:1tl ra~rtllJi'::lt OOn getntd Il!eba'lred M ,they, did.:. we. oie ess'l1irod Ii~ scholars thar tJ!n::~er Mrr:hrg e\len:r~ ~ijok.pll1C~ll.olnl pobu in hi wry WMJ1I s m N i~ tlb:unduut .evicilenl.'e,. both till rill! Billie ,~"lId elsewhere, thar [he)"
l~k "I)~· at an el!1ti~ly dUitmmt time'. To sl.umnarize '0•. pb~ p'enofrllil. 'ory blii~ny ;u I.hi~ll~~. 1tUi, ,wn lin '\ ·.tll 111 E 'Jp nf the Pfnlmuih a,re,. ~id re ~av·bcglJf1: \v,lW"i t'ie w
1

sold

sl~ ,el!')' • hls jClI!lnls bnrf-bn l!hers .at lhe' ugu 0 $e:l<-enl:cen. O~p~t~IJtJjli inansp,it'h:rLls 'sl.an:. h~ mire ill lime to (!he extllh~d,l'1lifllk or ..·jzi~f.
inlI)

~~.e ,·i!il.LIlLl·ftJl1erM B.gypL Ilrlder tbeltilng. an~ ev,e:otti.. lly s.e-IU tor .ill hls lam.ily-Lt:I~ Ilribl.: '6f bmel-=io jo~o,h[m_. 'r.hC!!if events an!:. g~nqally hcld lei

·b::.:e ~Bkoen pl'at0 ea:r-I~ [Ill Uuo J'tlign I WIi! Hybo~ kii'll~ A~inLk sI1tl'h~"ls with sonm Sembi ,AmuniIe tutti olhE't elemcars run ng mel1l. wbo in udell Bgyp -mound I, "13 ' 8.(ii. and ruted nr more ~_hill1:l £enrU_Ii}'.. lm1!pl~huer(r~:d llil Egypt.. ufu:!' fm~wUing lbe &"dUa M'~ exlJ;;tc(ing Z1.promr-$Ill that WS 11011" W ul~11 ,on day b rebm;i-ed jJ1 bils.l,om~talld. i~ tribe c:lf brnt:'lll1ire .\i1.un til tmv ' r '11J1UinGd h:! Eml '~'Ol' )1e_~va !HuH fh' Y ful] under B~ypij3n 43(1 npprets,iOll, whet'e;lilp!J.nM()~e;!; 100 the ,2~l(I.uS in~hf: P-mmisB!. Land, ,lakiWl.~ Iht.l'l.wmJ: of JO!i'epb witfu him Eor rnbu.r:i:il.1.Musil mooe-m Il:c'holllll"'Spl~!he ume \1'1' the L:ltu_d\!1r' aN"' un ~O' B~~ •• towards the end flflhe lOl~ reign at I.. r 'Ihlm"'" U. du~ 'third ~ing_ Il . lhe -Nine-l:f:.emh Dynusty. 01"~1nps. ~I til
11.\,
I

I1UIII

.,1" lhm r hI'

lIQn.

MlU'enpfah.

r.:n.tio1'!~ ~Unli l;:fIflUl"in.. "rb;u]g errars and ami ~ 11 • I beJie¥'i! ,thaI ' eph .wa .... inberiUlflt'e. OJ nrllft e Ia:f Bmrr'n ~ y w II $ Up hw~fklr_'WpaLriarctuilld Wl-ras sold lrnt ~la cr .~ f~ Lhan tw , cct'l1JJ:rles Jute! than is, gl!nct'.dI), illC'OO'plctl. 'Ihe PhuDIi'i wI 0 .1li[Jpohued him WI his vizi,i,W was llmhml'S-i.s IV (c.l4-T 3-1,405 B.C.), the cil!l''htlUJ ru,l~ of "-he Slglneemh Oyna.tl.;r, who 'WIaS I{'er}' y.tluflg;--il'il l1i mldAwefltjc~ wh~~ t1:1;'l dl'~d. He' W~'\I Sl!Coi,:C;l,t!.~cd,by his ~.un,l\!'I1eQ.l,lJlcl' nL Th~ ,lll1~'uf d ~,,lteOL in Egypt wru, UWUigh t.h'eeld'~l iJt~J)Cr 8.nj tbgo ~,tI 'f S'6.n mru.titltl I~IU"I[() ke'i"p me' lit1e i'lf Ph\1nlo:!t in 1J1~' fatnHy.
,Ill

m~, iew, tbi

'C'OI,

e~ultll no'Jb~\I'c beel1l rttr rn~"r~ HIIDtll a c~Il:Jl')'. and I JiI~aoo.ht Iinle of lhe fi),pr~iQ'fi and S' ; dll:!:l> !llWh earlier than i'~gi!l1m.Uy a~lcd-Lb OppressioQ durii1! the reign 10 Uorelnt· hi ('.133 1308 B.c. • Ute b.iSl ruler of tha Eil~htcerJlh Dyl'lllRfy and the F2 nettt dllrifl,g 'he s-horr :reign 0-

Amenhrmep TIll o!\lwm-d

the tide

[0

the

drf{UIU.~· by m9:rriliilg

his

ili'llfool ~H; . .

[e '.' haman.' B~fure Ule ecoad y~r

Qr b is ncign.

hQ:w~\T~ F. be:

broke

w itb

Ep~'ptiiID tmdlUqn. T.h\ere ar, iU4icalf n' !bill. in adtiitioQ 00 the two ~Q~ ~ 1m0W'"I; Fmm li~e Bihl J'rjep,h had a dauJl!i~r. I b :li'evc LMl.:Ig fllSI 1lIi! 1il(J vi!"!l:U~,hix [lti,~ts. Am ~mll1nlOp m: marrind Ihi~ daugblei 'and n~ade

b:ilJr.rCU:l1~r

man SIIlMl'Wl.IlU. Gl~al

I

loy,at Wife' Iq.Uee.Il). The pre\Y~1 teln~

&ion.'ihlpaf theftn,~fPbwmo'his who t'o'lln~d----"'~J'l1e:llhl')!~p IV tA~en;:ue oJ. em.enJ~hk: re, TilI.ltI,Blcl1~mfil,ln and Aye-h ~ I~o been me 'ullject ,of d b~re. Ak~M[e:n .~ MUwn to' h.uve Ibeen rhe n,n of .m~Rhnl.cp Ill..
em~~k. liE'fi l'i'elqn .iI~{l' ,- Ih.at he WOSaboUiI Ilmc~een or tW~Dtf wbun he di.~d.Lavhl! served for three ywrs 3S 'eO:oc£el!elll with Akhi':!'l'IMltn. wIIIO WI'I.!Il r1m1y-fuur at the [biJl]t:},.m ,upmmn - t1l~ffe.r ,il • to wlleth!!lr he- wus :Akhe.fHllre~·s brorh r or un" ntl~bt al: 0 ,~d~~ !bOlit whl;!r:h~r t\tI;Eijlk~:mJ"!lu!u,. who di~ Il:m~' y.e-ari5.ru;re:r Akhi;;lIalCI1, ai, tJUt ag~ or about !iiIi!letl!e11l. ~vru:.11(::£3 Illird ~m.'hl1!rCl'r'lbe ~!1"Or A.khc'n;l'rel'll. ~.~ ~,lt'l mo
more m~ell' ll111H Akl,enafen a'nd Se'm~nkhtknre w<.::re brQ,tJl~l1it

J (1',;.)'.30. ~3.01 u,,,c. " lint ncler of be .N/melee.Wh. ~Iy. J rin tba'l, nt Ll.IJ ti~~ ill!~ ~ii:' b"qci,u,s,. M,t) ~. t1(1tlt.lghl thr.: bQn~ of J05e;ph ~lJt nf Bgypi 'It; t'lu'ry tihem 3gntn. in P,(!~IilS~[ne.N~ I'QY~J1ifnb~l'I \'h rem:QnL'i, !f l1.lcH -hr,!:!,", IP~JliW U n~r lefl Bg;ypt ~illdth~)I aro III be fouad lmlny 0JJ1 t11" firslJ1fiU[' U Coiro '~USeIJlIll fn I1'Ic-:.s!:mpe;JO!fat il1I.JiI!JIIily. l~!y forgotten and ~tm!Jfe.1d!. named 'f'lIYo. J has1. n ~a 'a}' !lun in pUllin"". fi\!jInrd thi' imel]~l rion of,!:! eJIiIm h: • i~ nul my irucnrio.D 1[0: undl!im/li'nc onybd: '" re1i~!A.1.lRT1eHef; Nor i i,l melim tiL)'0 rLl'~alLtick upon· Ute b.iL",lft kmh~, eil~lcrthe 8t;bl,~ ur (be KDml1. If ITltfl,hlug. the ~,posi~ is dw o se: I hope ~o'show lbH.'~. when p1l:l!~~d ,Q log;i.cnl setting'~., e~n in Old Testa.qltel'lt fUid k.or;an'ie: "tories, w hie: tl might b~-~nd Ifl'!~quenf.1y m;e-dls:mi~!i;c~ my:ililO· CIT aU' gories, tl:!i

Ram~

DOL belil!ve

l~r

pmli'e liLl ~. in r'aOI" aCGo~1I1m 8"UJOllhi't rie(Jl e ents. But lif}lt U r' '·r or
~p'[rumti(m of _ OW hi. - OM
I, own we Qt.ubreuk
'1emt~ ,S'M':IC, ki be- wn tien.•

r,-ri,ud I
and

WI

minre.1i1

rna.. 11 .!i:illd to dare fmrn 1947. the 'yeat' nhal m k~d 1h~ liil ,t h(J.s.tiliUes beh,,'ecell Eyypl [lOLl Ilie new BtfItG. of
t

the tune,

tI

de

Dll~

MJ:L!ililll

woo

Ioid bit) pli'a~

11gbt

read, .h~ 'Kahilflll!Very

11'TInrnh'lg,..1 I?Iflu'ld have ~in qiUim happy..(1

UIIlJl.if'lI1et'~IiI,ry, d.ie for Ilty Goo; it WlIlSn 1;1:111

''iI~.Md

de~tb in a ~lnI)I

til whkh

c~

WWi' meal rut lnsiam pl!ate' in. P~di.se. m eVell weril tJ leer. but I was filme:d :away beeause r was too ymlng:.

Oi

'umV 111,,'1 \l\dl!til~

J(I~ph \'118 ttleir maternal rnnl!.1rather"nd iru tnnkhamu iii was the son of AkI~emllen. in wmGh ease JQS~llh W~ his J;real-PilIlldf~beli'. No matt~r . hal 'h~el'i3C'1. ~"~,;liti9ilflShip"L1Q,WeVi 1:', aU1h.ma\vlm! deli,!: Il· all~ of jo~ph. Fiua1ly,f _Ilblryk,lli,::unun Io'V:W uoceed d in 11m turn by A'i'(! w~opult~Augh .omph:!!!! proof iii, lOOldtll.] beH!!y~ If) bu u hu~ .J'iOs.u~b~· !lBC,ul1d~O'J1. l do lI~O'Cf!coopl I1nu [Ire IsrneHtcs" sojOU.J.1l il'11 J~;gYPI'lD.t;t~~ 430 yeRfS~ if
'llhj)lai.3Wl.l."I:n:fI:l;l!UYllJwn:III~U!1 ,bpi J1lilmlJll ~\lSAlln:;IhL;l]~1.lrll.~{ID~hr·" mit 1l1l51"J!! I.Ct. A Itlll~lI,1t1l'it ~ knol,l.'l1 (hUl Antt!·nho ....~ !II bmt! thlitt: ~~lm.lif IJr "hOi'll '",u rum'l'd p '!l:tl.tri.UI1. iJl 1~ ld I bw ~itld il~ ,n 111~ )'. ur II~ .: fl~l1'r til in 11r11 Ii; ~1'1 fh ~ "j!:lll\, t!'.C.it: ollln.:!f Ill. Fbn'illirll1! re. 111.\'1I!1 LllllnliL EJi phil Ii Illilil ,.1' lr·ll;HlIlll~.lll mml

IB,~tile ttme WlnWi!r fPU11d. !}f,h~tnme~ ):brea:terte.d. in the-earl.y I' 96{js,

my 'II~ews Ibadl t.'hWlJi!txI mru:k~tl.ly.h IIJ)e jnt'rvit"ilJgyeaGI~d dQne m nniEiimy s~oo" I~ Ijetlla:\",' ad [ound m)i:iel[ aj '!:las· tlj~llI'1:lIfljSl. I hI. 1 \I'il1.Cn ' _ Ill' play, tine-of which blld hem prod:IJ.u.mrlUne lher th~!i!-hntl been binned by the eeI1lSOI:'. wtJo did flint appro f' of :pnbHc d~ooussion (It 11\11Iiti~. relJgiolllJ 'or Sl':'X, r.esb:totio[Js thilil did I1Ql Ic~ .~np'F ror QI'it:!:j..li ir,m'~tlnnJ cnmrl'y
jI.runc
oS
I! ''''

a ,~a[

deal.

or

dtl~g). ] :h~ am _0 booQmtl1~orbe:d in Lh~ i.ippru:~JILl)l tlal exwi,ed. bel'l'ir~ti Egypt .11ct I' mel. WbI); 1l:@I'dd:th~
!l0l ~!IIe
'I;

,'~"'fII

nlJl agree Ii' liv • pcar:.e ully lfig,eJ:hcr1 Wbiy wOillllllhcy

f ' IlfI1illlll!

h~ 1:I.llkil1g:n~Ie.FWor J1ghting1 .AfI!!r till, liIn: Je~'s i

their dif· ore wmel~

Ih~' U~" r

ItLIUphfCI

to Ih ir

UI'D

'111*

hom Jool.l md QI.dd £'lot bl: rei.wljhtd ustdiel1

rtlv,~ers. ltke,lthe- .F1'0ncb and' Brl ti .h, 1'1 ';W'~ d1~ir HolY Land,. ,weol!JU; ,nUl'
HCI'l an. ml" ho~lilily hi:![\l een d:u:~tW0 ~nples si(11lelt; me $ lWjng- like ·tt b LI f••un~-.nmrUr!g lmwl feud wh _erool must He buri,etlln tb deep past,. f u.u.r Ctu~tluell omnnm bJs.tury. TT)'ill.~ to mace thoo reot was; 0 OOOlpy.~ gr,ooE d!aal or my lire fo.f more rb,;,!Oih~ 1!1eltt two. d mW,1:! •• m!I·~hl;: t ~timl!., IQilLvjlrg dOfi:el'IllY m:i1j~ 'S~I1;:k:1,;l atld,b~in:g_ n~bkB VOl'mtU-up.l rei"l J did n'Ql want Ill) )lave @y liLrUggli cnn'1 woUld.. qUI~11~@l1tm[)'" be ~ookr!d IlJ,p~l!1by btmth sida-s n 1Jo1)11, DII".] l1c\\ ~(i 1 n 011-- tIu,' ~teP-t fOf\l':is'it.'ii. T ha:~e Ml 3 been b.aclc..I my ,own eonntry sluce. pi!tl df
ill

~!!i~k'

ii mfcmd 1D.as; • ~€!

i;1~1I ur

~h~Jring it' KI.!~tl:·MJ ilosMutive

re

c_-

MJIl was lhallhc ward. meam pr~i~ ',I~ 'WI-'1BJ lh-" snit!" Md, RIll' U1ougll'lS lumed "lit once [0 Yuya. Frorro [1'Ielime Df the H~ba& WeB, ritltL thmu gb

of m t:hc hi~t,ory (lie" Egj1p1 ~o !!mar the-I.:i~ e "':I. l\Uler ~ P-h,umuh:' AlthulIIgh Yilly-ia W~ m~1 r)sLI.lU, IbJ~ ,of R.Q.:y::r1 blood, hiS mUfTIll1Y wru;Fol1llcl in the early
til'
oOllly

mr N· W Kingdom dmr ·U6w.ed~ ,Yuya is

pe.rson·wB·!\::llmV

of IflIls I:r 'I1tuqI ,kl llm VaU~Y!'..lf Inc "'lings. ~n"o WJtnb bilit'¥l'~ Ilh,tlZl.s.j!' of lWS 'Ph:mtol'Ul~Coufij 'lila pa_ltriar~h JQS~ptl $U Lhu iJPP1ll.'OO1!llflmgdi' ill ..

.v,em

III Lunden. wb~fe I mad! a liVing b 1~Dg Ambi • tj ,in~ lite Bgjpl . p'lofRtiolJ,5aeicry aod e-nroJled in H fl'i~e-:y~t1r, . eni!l'l~Gfilnrne Oil t~ lit" lory 'f i'I'l.YDall e I . rIC:!. 1 ;;;~.n :anow.e~thlilQ~ YIoo'.ll1li ilJ.udin~ hl.:ruSlyp,hiCli. l~lgo l!!lumiUIH"'bti.rli • altllo{j~b !bat wt'l.:::; tlpt l'(')o dim-cult ;,1$, Jikik: Ar-nhj,e. ill is os Sen:tii!lc'lImgUltij;.!e. A'll Orn-ri!lk.Jl(llw~l1dg!il' e:nablec:1 itl1lem. deh'lnleeply into aoChHU SOl,U;Ces: l",,!tit was, ttl 'b~HI Joc'g~ruminartruU tha!t in '!pued 1bir.t boo}:,:.Q~c wimer' ·nig_~u n.j:)Oi.Jl1 f:nut ~CMS ~gu] l.1\11,(o~e in the early !:tourS w:ul fUllnli [ e old D,' leep .. so 1 made m 1It!1f" me .' and I, by .!he fire, ~diJrlg n~ui.jri~_ 1 'o'ft-en dJd. ntl,U tU1 bfit:,n th . ~J)" .f j,1l _ph in !.he: ,Old ' I:3Jlm.nL 0111111~ oooa ~nn I 'I! t), I:ruCk. ~ud'detlly '~)' a p~1:Sra_gcin the RODk I;)f G~ru!a i' Urat '~ had pMlSQd 'pvcrmany limes 'bJ:fiJre :wlLh~la.dlL~J!billg uny purtiC'1I1nr'!i.i~i"'ictm,oo ~ il. l II "!t.cm~w:he-I'1., ~L ~ ~i1l'l(: 91"[pm. Jostph'"!; hltlf'_brQithG~ muke ~h'" .C 'mru:l dr twn, V~~IS to i~gY.[lI rQ bu}~!Xlrlh On llitefi~t 'n(dl\iioDi~ 10j;~lt moo ~onQ~aJed hl.$ rroe udcl'lfliLY Irum JJInl- k.i.msmen wllo,'s!.:dd lrim,h1I'I:o Sill v,err. this tunc he re\law's himsclf I.u theJ\lU~ but Su,t5,:rea wring~y; "5-0,w~n it wrunJOC au wbo< 00111,Ole IJlthl!:t. but •Q(I~.;BId b ha,m made Me a -ather te Pl1aMu)h . :. A·, Ukr I[ Ph.ph! , I f~l!nd t pil'fjcult u) bclie I:! ~a1 , h~d Iread U1os~ w f~ '50 'QfI~n in ,[I'r~ past wi~ui :utacbillg MY rea[
j[r1PUrtuncc to· It[ em. They cnul'd onlLy ~ea title" Vet in whal sense oould3'U~~ph b~ tOIil.~

b h;i;mlic t:onqu rors, 3_rm~d \\i"rn '!-be mo. wb ~gw:dl;;d -alJ lmciem . ri ill,!!::' as l11t.'i'"h~l11llJ ". "n,e m!iul. 0'1' rche,. e~rmlri' of seb"lIarJ e-ffurt ~ild btWn seme s~nlJiU t:lu~1'i LU '3 Inm.dfLil of pl.ac·_ &~Dt:i;;E~d wlit~ Iii

the Vl!lley 0 the 'KmgS b ene ;;md:!he same ,person? 1 wUlld tl e th ug_hl..,_.;pcthat-! intuItion w u~~d II ffiOIlli! apt W ~. b'-IImP!>l fr'lgll'lJening. Fio IWO"~_ WI't:e !;~l1l~n~· • se\lnlar Illlid IflJ..,:gi.d t try to e-,\;rnblh;'h a hil'l:Qri nl ftflocl'ion ,b"rWl;Cn Oh.ll'l.mtrune-iU I!l'~F.SO,I'mliliC!· -and Rgy'pliillJ'l hii'lml')'. to pin dt!l,wn some ne s: M,viiflg I1veU ~l U ool;,lujn rime. ih& eQ'n:UlI'SI,mll~. O'f;J.· ~;m]~work ImiID which OIhe-r bib1:'i~31perHonali'~ W'ld. levltn'l$ ooLllrl be it~ed, at ww ,Ill,l..I!I~k dlUI bud !.'lOI ,b~ ru~d~ ,aD:lj ~!.~ier I4>:pr' 5 1055 !;'I r an ~1'i0[[t1~4~p'~ gf '~II: m!!lliln6 es :of it.lj; pD~1 in tI l'!,y '1.d8k ,caWI.R:i,p·hl! Wll,ciI 11m Alexandrian IllbmrY, uppos:ed ~Q hil!'tIe ~OI1~ tlilio~ ome 1rnu!f om.iillpn man{l~ 'npllS. IN, ' de., troy,e~ b fire during Q ROWHl1l1.1isaldt on me'ity in [I e IJ"U reluuIY . ,~,plus. iItJ.rl.llT tmpredation

SOjOtttD MdI.all-'lp.l'l'&s.i'n~, npo~lIi.bi,c. L[ute for ILb~ Exooll.;';. o~a pmiii'i~gref· erenee to rnNJI~ICI. HuJ where wa.o; J'Q:!iey?-!h? WJtelie .'i!I1"d:li Moses:. said to have

s-i de:red ~
till'

fUlhl.lir

thai JnSel'h was eJmming 1l1=tcip1'lotiicru Liil~ d oW: .c:I pE).'iih[ou1iIl'l vilticr: rar, " mpl~" when TUl31ddumum was nlll ~'el jnu.1e~(l 'IH. 1111.~ vj7mr 11'1 'ilL iDlii[lill!S" he. dcsllilc I.he ,mil jj l r '11'(. III Uu:il' a

at h]~ 'tlWTl

to Fh~,~tllh ~ I~hlU'a.nlh b.il ~~cl [WU5

~.
{!.S ~

lQQ.k~llll1j}MroI "f

i.r-resp;l~1

fived in .tht RlJyl;l1 pill~R:'e'!Why had I1Me of thQ e emllil.~otminds made The eann rib~ beN¥~ J ~h, tYus&-ufin tbe 'KOfdrt)lilld Y1J~. wtn.nl'e names were -0 silnilarl'l m f hat!. besn ,llLldl1lng \Il co B*~le ilnd the b_i~l.U.rY €Ir Anck·ru Emt went,. )'e3Fs wi!h'('I1I1 dWiIlg o, W~y flOliJd) b; gi e-n tlus i.n5ighl wh~1'II i~ had escaped so man (.I:" till{!ui h_-ds:cb'DI~'! Was, .~ pe-rilllP." milSiUlken ~b.o.ll't th~ tiLiliJetbm Q[Jpt;w'ed 0fl om: of the IlSJllJb1i1 in Y,"~)'u"!OIljinbO'J>t:1t1 mal1!: tMIl ~.S(.ol"e ,Q,P11m . i:11 Ilb Bwk iJ}t'MJ ,Oe.ad? r Wf'lt:;,,',n, clitlJi~i!\tJi l.I1m I (;(].u4d 'i'lCU st~lJ~ niWll'I':'.·nne andl wenL. uLi J
\1;$

l'ltdil.lr ttl

uJ.J bi·!t p~Qpl~. N

did

!ie.em PIJ!1&i1h: fl'o,m hi JIJ:d

.l

\lItl.illng (')ltudd ' I_b~ dO{lf_!i u( 111.:~YiPl

E'~'pIOml~o!" Scdet}· Ilibftll')'

111.:\.1." ~nlJj 1'1 r.gJJ'~. re!lMlJb'l1ng lliI~ m!UJlJ!ly llf lin: diA.'V '11, 11111W ,iJ~i.l:it:..lii.eruJ urttlf:llX:k

1"1"-"

W~I

1,11lI,'t!d 1111 ilj!

lilt. kI 110;'1ali; iub, nl&1I .. I r til de<ld PL~n

durln~ hl]

full.1!

II 1111lJudl'r~'I\il

Ji)l'itiy. r ol'looJ<ed Ih'e·&ext . f DUd r.)W it 'w;as qllh~ pcelfle, k/,O- rtl'.":iflllii Jo...ah·la~ Phtl,"!"(I, ,wbfu.r:hi UIlltsJlme.d lit~I'.Y meaas: .,An'iil I'llll~d ,~setJIh,e- me fOI" II: .rllthll!t" LP Phara ~ll'" '~'hunI tum ed, m IWQ boo~ - T1,. , l1'md~{)j ;nu;)'itl ffl'J.d 'fm.iytJu b~ 'Dteoclme M. Da ~. t mtl! ridl Am~ricijn . hfl1 finan ,ed Ibe ~xplom[kull IfmL I· iii to· 'Ibe diSc.., e:~ IDf Yuya;s, 11.2mb, and Fi.mrJ'~f')i J1't!pynm ,,1/,1u.iwJ by l-larl.ri. ~. N the di.sdmg u.1sh~d;S~ iss E"Wploleg_i L DI1"'; S IVOQWs thl!l.it ~ha.ii'llc is nu n "h ttlwl-4h .,hoI, father of ille Lord' 0' 1J1~ TWGI L'UI.~(lAid ef W~ Two Lnlld~ WWi PilWlloh', fnnmL1 tid~}M UD' (mct"Cen One ~f 'i:l'1Jy'~~·s ,It<y'rubti U~o,roJ,fUJ1lfJiliUl, s-ltlrl:.ll!:lle o.'~ 018 la the Cairn Mu cum IcnfBlogue) and, ill}; Nt:ivme e n.llrms mOil: tl1'~ Il.Wb.nlp' llimes on bi fllJrJ.er"<iq'papyws • . W,-villl{! thal J05e,phanGi 'i1l,)'9 were 'I'fu ~ ame ,pell'SDlI.l woukl clearly be amivt"iidabh} Uk k thar 'meanf QbaUi:,llg{Iil-;.g. QOll'lieIilIl,O"nru ciloi,arshill.!lIe
'hefj illill~~I.llb.l!IIt 5Iml! ,ronrl'J1ng. of the Old Tes· tml1rtt: edhioll

unUm, tM n Ill'!~ ln~ of I 'tact ~1Il'a - ~ U yel lib lin Egy.pt. and the· Bible· . jmi· renee that . Il!jC, br'ou hI Uu: bUlle-'1, L:lC seph ~' ilth h'i,m 'U'i J, reblllriaJi :when be Jet! (he Exodf!s"o~t or Eg)'p'L ¥-e,L 1 fellt Ilhl.l.L my i..muition
lW(;Cpll,;-d,

in L1ll' 1lH1~11houn of H cold wil1l:er's lugb!: !i'lfuu:ld,rov.e' ID 11&[me-.......;md m1gl~t 1~1i'.hij:[~·l:lo:.phl:im the §llllOM illY ·Li.wl qUillit}J nt Ilm ~1'liJITI.hyhauit:an I rell 'ti(m OOIW(:;eu2g'ypllmd bmi!l.

C(UJl[inu~th~'~~i1llLin1ilLtmn the' ide; valley. The nOg " of

r the hill. '\\fcte

~bips_.
linlt-

R'cmped ,~¥er

by m~ ~rkn:1.e~~ U.IfU:Uthe

laos

llilDper-!iil!rf'm\E6l:1f

boo a.Jltl l ftidllt l~ad ~ later, 0,31. ,~m'IJCU nn ge

The Tomb of Yuya

~mo:",.;rl and lIi,~'rock \l;IB ~. A menll!! C'~I1e I'Ci,li!$Ill [hill all thh W~7fk tlad )elde:d nljcbmg ..He tl ~_f~rON dt!~ide:d" oUo,w:ing Qui -e.U'S,ilIdv!I,;,'e, to abaDd~ the i~~,and~ Il'al)il=fi ~~~meil1 baek 10 ItI1:1::' moul:ll ,(1f rb:e _·d~ vilUey. e\!,(;11 wflliil:,
itO' be an rurea

mClJuWlL5, uaJikdly to ~ieRdnny fl~ disGio"'~ eries. Da 'i ,~ord nhi 'book. 'Tl~ T(JIK#) ();f'lou~r(Jdf'fd'to(,iy,(lll-, put· Ushed in 19[J7'~··TIur'.~ilc: wml nuj"oj.'lmpoomisiflg-. lying a,' tl,di, 'bet,woliltl dre RUliil1'~ rembs hI ~idnc~ tlIf Ril1l'lS'es rrr tin~ ,ltam.~,llS, 'O 'wh~~b htJd X wql!:li~d so 'mar,), men fur so; li'I'la.ny years~ We:ftrore il did not' seem p~~
I:CO"~ll1l~

fSibletbni
'rhe: T c, of Y ~y' and I L "vite, 'fIllY-d., W~!i f' IJfJd in 1905! Ihl ~e l'~111> a(tllll" 11~e-ml,1,1~ Dllivi. had ,I,}'bnlirloo O! eQQCie~ioJ1II,1] c ca Qte in IIIlban M. t:1-:rI.bdU~" 11lCVliLle I:,i)_ lb.:· Klngs, 3!i W (tim Thebe£. Davl&. wIn.l ~ook ~. 'penillng the wjlD[~ 'Cl. l~i .old go at Luxor tQ Up-per E~1Pf., p-rn'liIided me 1'b':I(JtI"t!V: f.h. actual work \!1"l~S, a~l!ITiecl by ~b-nefillltgi$l:&. 'ofJ'i,C'taJ~,of o.W: 111 S~rvt;e Anti,quitie ~uch as 1-1. ~~wiI'Carl~. Jamc.~uih _ Ar~r 0 n, Weignll and 'BdwW'd AyrlM, :all 41r '0\11, m were Brilitih arui ~l,"'i.I be '11' IEaine.d by Flind.e.ffi, peltiie.. til fi1f'lI' Ellgl,1 11m;,m lu dig ln Egyp'U. WllO~' II rk 'lh I'~ II ~ ilia nex:l ,rorly ..lWO Y ,m'tI 'os to, mnkc: hima-$ianl nf'mod'IJ[)

I:U~(;N

tI Lwnb lJou~rJ_hmv.e e~stooHTI :iO flRrlOW 'il ~L:e--o;Ji!jjfmUl b.eing red. A an tU'ligjl11dpmp~m:Lion llNQuld g t hn:v.e ~loRltI it. uad

<.:eruttlll)" no

ern a1tlllmlJi!JI),·

In dIe vaUey QF'~]e 'Kim.s here ls 3 ",.mIll ~ side vulJey, abQ'lJl tmlf a mil~Ao'nl!.leadrns up lO lhe n~c'lI.InuLil1. 'is mouth Lhemb ,of a prince flfR'l1m!i~ m (c. 115'-HJ2 D.C. unlill RUll1cses ~ e, I U4-[O&1 B.t'. h~d ' b~~n found eQrlie , tlug jut th~ side r a _.oomill about si.xty feel tliah• In 191)~. H0\lIIMd Caner, ,~11() \It&,,, di10n InSpB€t,)r-Clcnc1f:BI ~ht:,Auliqu.ities '{l~ - pp~lr l~p1 alJd ill1 ,c;htrrg:e of"ilie ne . ~C;l ~lion&' be-~n [0, ,e,tplnf,e lhis vlllilcy. ~turti[(g rom Ute-'~:mllb Rnlnie~ X13fiJ(] worll:ii1g. tow:uds (he of

g1~P:[OJgi.'" ,e1{pL~ring IN till Wlom.l,n:r '~fflt;ln' mon Y', woutli p M ve U'lll1!Jght ris.king [be lime 3l]4~pi!:m:e. SUI I kne:"" ev,e-ry ynrd ,of the 'hu~:ral vuLt"')'. ex;c. rt 11'Ie- sp ce t)e!, ctibell.ru,d I decid.ed fu.QlIOad l:!I;;plotalicm justlfi,eclits illIvestig,atwn. and I:h~n i'LJMo-uW he a !:lam.~rmon ~M;ki!aw dl e:ntire v~ey. :e~iIl .rl~~ig-Lded norJllng.~ Back: at Ibll' muut:,11 'IB~ van _y, be wrk-m n soo.~d 'lm~tingWill)' aT. £If [!he hll~e bll1lllf;;: or t.'hippil'lgs.. ~h€lL1'l ~jrty ,fe,atrujh, !ha! I'il,t'ln Lbe' tdC. of dm bill bel weelll the lw,a 'Rrumes lOfnb . Ana 1W3 daJi$ 'tlw)' ,l:,fIJct U cr-~t inililCtltinnl of ,II Lb.:n:1 t.'Ol1'Ib in the: sha:pe IOf ~ w lil"€tJll 'Stnn~ step time pr.Qm.~ ii\ld ~Q prov,", Ill; fi'rMl I,!! tUshl de.sc,1;:l1I:l1n,1 '10' ,!;I_ IDmb pos"Sa,g:c', B

ur

Be:,"rum,' I ~ lhe:y bll!d ~p08ed

'lIIC~ap ~f a ~

door

prot.rud:ing from [be

or

nlllJUmwUi. The
~len
~IJ

e pl()lr'3tion ,roved rew-ardinc: in ille f-olllliWillg . ear, 190). 'Carler diSCovered Ule [Dmb ,ur Tu.thn1,!:'\\i-" Til. the ruther {I A't'l1C!'Illtorel=! le,l405-] 36? s.c.), During tbe Ra:me twdw [!1(1,nthi'i. it led m

the ummJ:1.hing

or

lbl;: lOll'lb

D)cna.,<;{y.(J1d ee 11 Hamslle.!p'!.II. Atie:r rhal, hOwe\'j!fT the lmil wenl, cold.

Big,ht c.laylio hcLlrc UI •

figu.re ffllm Iht~ Eigh1el'llllh tn.fl rrugnecl f-mm abrun 149th 146 B II ;(~.
,qf aD.!Vth.trr

.f1-Elif:lg 10_ nme;g'r~1ll1!. and sand !hat liJJookcGL jJlu~ slainVctl A~ tbi:s ~me: IQltibeH had to Irmve lire slre ~ .An11W" Wci_pll loo;j{ ~ pll.lC'C.Willn~n [wel!l~~r"£oUtThours .•the dO(}f. whh::!ll wasour in IMlid ruok. hru1 het:rLGnlirely .ch:an:tJ. b1.fIowev.er, :sectimtm~m;lJrit:lg IiWC~VBmoh:M ily'£o]M mch~:near a ~hl!~Oll df Ilb ,~J'Of\iVay ~d -een Dntd IW \.WILb N"'e mudpl!Xter. Ill'lllndi'~'nlipn ,!hot I.h e' lom h 1'1 (II Illeel !::WOke"" i1110,3:[ W, ,eadh~rtia'(e b~ a r-otrber. eigall"" team dcddetl to ftlll.o.'\lbi~ ~lICampme" TL y b~b.'e Illin.Jugh t]) • seal ,at the rep of the doorw~)' LO 'obtain:s gl1mp&i.! ,of .. llal 13)'~n ilk. V All Ilhlo!)' OU!(ISIlC 1] .I'lll!:dariorless "'~ U stl.1eply sJopin,g IlQrridClr ablnLlLt n v • r ·t wid(!. \\11u [ lay be ql1ti M The' fipe:rtuti: tdt by the broken ~e.cl
!,1M" mu n:al'il'loi.';' i,~ ,1fIt:col'rulal;ld;are liD ~HiI!iJh:. (lnty enn~16d 1he.~t'Y'~1il ~ of

hri~U111!'il,(

]904. QiJibdl rcpJI~l'_'~d ern'''' .. lit'

,. 1Jlr1,IU I ~lrpLi8.D M.

~1t]lClw"red

rum

{)(I\'.,

11u Ylth th~ IjIlY op

,~ill!:,

The boy brotl€h.l eut me l:!1inal 'Qbjec, tb~ be bad fOgifiob'~ng n:!he f1lOO.fa few re~ from lh~ ,l1oo£\V,3i}r.--n gol~-'0,~~red 'lT~m'tt coariQ\., yok~ ~ 'W'QIlOe:11 (dff, a am' e lUlil a .!lc,arllb 'C~tlmd i)ee,ll~) I.b:ruI.. UlLmil gbumlil'. ,!1PpetJretl to b ' of '~Ud gold bu~. n c,lo ~ ,~Unntlol\. p.roO'\!cdm, be .a
s Qne cO L'lr~ \v1illil, W~j!1!~

ty~ uf gOil fWL an _I Davis wemej0i~.oo at tlre '!mI:r.Hwtn

b~tween the' t\.,Q R.am.sm; '10mb, at m mOl,lth of tile oaUe:t ,roduGed H ,rich '[rUglll!~ t.rove' '1f Egypl'ian Uiliq,u!tiesc< Wbe'G "dec:jric I~ght !DS; 'intrndut~d W in.to lb~ (omb it ceu d :eeR' lh.1 Ft llI'tahi&l alse the ~upbagLlS. of 1ruyn' '.wllill! .. Tuya. The .relics .recovered ineludw:
., 'il"U)'H"!t

DIl ,is·S.ges,l;l1fOllS.deci 101::1 conunue 0

i}x,;pl ring tbe llll,prtunisirf

'silJ"

lbl! '~{Jmb W£

~e _L w~d~1] lum:opllag1l's,., co"'I;I~cl wilh bluGK pi1tclillllml

_l,

morning At'OOt candle

by, ~o:n
entered.

M~;
MJ

'Ib; »1~~neJ!liiLl

'pf Calro Mu,seum.

~c;tr'.

wQ:!:kers hnd tn:kn d

the do ar. w; lh~

moo. ,ench

ctn'yllilg a

u.~'down ,(he' ~'Ieep ('!IlAido.r to f'iJnd II ~:tx"!ld ,door. A"llb rop it bad ml'ope!liJlg,'&imililr ro ~ha(ru. the' first.Md lIt "If&! 'cUVen."tI fmIl1'1 lOp' to bottom 'W Jlh lJ,e<-':ibullPS of ~Ltc:Il~cr!;lpt;.li /l\~ll! By the foot, of the door lay l\~ pDUI~r' Ilu.. l~ in whi b tho anele~~wor-j(;me:rl v
TI ., fllluJ Uwir

ing linesr of to' ,-rirn:uml, en It ~edte - YUYflt· mwnm, in, hJ "~hrceoon'in . (Ii~ ttl
• TU)'I(s l;'Ir'oo:e:n , rut\ophn u ,,"Of! ~

had mb:~d Tile fimll, C(~. 'Ilt;l:ltl~rto d"

t,r

11~erQm'b ~e('me!~ •• Masppround

Da~i~

tl~~

their blll:l1.handS l~' teilflbw orne nf U~t:' tOlIl-e." lii:0111 d"''' top ef s

11~ .'ion ~ .A nen, Sl3or:ll'ld p:roplleL (;11' mIre'B,olli ilI11un~[teI ,. two,~umn. incl dilllg 'fuya's mmnm1l" ,_ Te 0 gill mllbk!... m: foreacll f the UlmJHlc 'I1~ll!flt$ C'lbi was me 1'118, k I I~ ,iJll1Ll:ntdi.aN"ly ever th.: I~ead thi! Iwuyp.mYJ of .' Tw,n~ant)pie oaxcs.
wtUcJl
Ir\lelle ttil.:

fT1Jtankl~amull -lctlge. 'I'iiith: ~~i~' ruinnjti;g m , ,.

ll1e willl runt ~red thrtlugh rtB~"'~€l~e.l!ll LbeJJarknes !hey ~Qiu!ld see shining gtild covering serne !dndo! l1um.ih!re.tbat 'lh~y'W 00 !JniJl)~ to .idl:!'litily. Jmpa lent, [he.y I'luu.mgool to .KrnmbJe dui:nagh ~h top DrUl!! ~CI,:oJlddu r "\;viu.h{)u~waiting fQf \,~ f:k."m~Dtn : ~i! it . ():w~ then de cel'l.tli:d iOlo the ~a.fktll!·~ QJi ~lIe pllh;hnJl c,tuLlil1b "1'\ TIJO Il1irSl L]liug • .!lIuumll)" Il'1.·U IMy ww'llea In knL1W, .\\',Q:~,lmJ.~~fiflm' f l'h ~ o\'>"iUtt'of ril !(Oi'l1h. "W,r:, held oW: Cilll.ii}:S IYJlL they gave so Iliule 1.!ihL ood.so d~led 'OW' e~ t'lmi we omdd ee lilcnh.rn:g bUf he gJll!llLor gold." 0 vi n:caUed ,0 few

lt~~I:.I,m'llid~tl

l11u.Jf,o!.l,

fhlllUl':A1

aprc vaSes; cuI'IW:imu'g the

\I , iZ'CiJlI:

ltU"mpatbH,ml!l'., ,ill. df Lhe IJ~

placed • Mal1Y ,'MJ~1;I'}lf in ~.ceden bqx .~

~ 'iU~lIi's,:,ti'lJf afl~
OJ

'I:

nl~ lumdlc

hip ~!)llcll'!:

ape
and

bfT0:Ys's &istrum. jingling iWilNn'leJl~ £Ir nUI_ lu..ed iall y ill UIe rbes' of i,,:vi cit 'll O:ll.1:ri" the ,god of i;h OOad,

lso ill the 'I\v!.mihljlof Awn. god: of the n1:';\\"religion, at

VrIIi!i.CS,

pa,ges furtbecr

af!

in bill book, ''If.li' U ,mOfJl~I'It or two, h0\ve~r,

1 M1Md C'llli~

... ·umtm u I:m~ ICItUtpl'lif 13 ,

'. .'\Jabw \£f
" DUmITI)' \l

Yfflla[g'dun~
pl!'~I)n

I's mun~m)'. mud liD' ft\'e:y. them. [iii hi ~om.b.It ,""~!l1bOlllt slx .. f~~ big.h ana tllht I.f)Il,g~made Ilf \\I~()dcovered witb biwffiell, whic.:h was tiS' I as. th.~, d.ll:y it "'\IUS pu L !JII[. 1'\.l"""1Illnd the 1!~ p*" Q,f il;~ CQIfirt W8Ii 011 itri, 1;) ~'id tuB •• J ut 'Ill:j:x moh.f$ \IlJ'fle. 'Cl')V8JQrl ~'I'l1Jt ,!')ieg'(J~l~pf.ls., 01'1 001 ,cuH'ing Md:Il~iurMli!lpeR'; ';Lmrnion t('l''tL, he imlitledill'le-l)' iumded n:te hl5 eundt ,\\ l'hieh l g' (h ''I' wiU'1. frl aWfl. I Mhl ~ ,ore $.y ·ey. s, elese LO 'lobe m~n,lirum ~t'i' lilaL :11t~ i:iOl1,lld ll~ !:bern.. m n an ill' 'tlmt, he aid: 'I mJ.i)rn. . m NruutaHY0:1liEited by tbe !lIUl:ooo(l(tmmn. :uuiJ'bl'indeti hy tht,l'btte o:rlllIelt'lmdies. l i.ll1' .. ~ob:mtarily ad\ran~d th~1II near th!:: ~offi_f1l;wb~UpOn M ll.'li:it,!JL:I,

wa

·IiW. hich w

",,"lilill~

to CQn~all1 a~1~he CQftinf)

r liredctull

'bas"

000 n !at;t!j .' A Ii oodml srallil.J.ewill~~! fr0l1ll.Eh Bl1,(Jl ulth DlUIJ'i,lljustificQ'Lion .af tin: .de.ad personl'!! l,jf'~ Ib:rur,.grJ'ons 0th~! things, itiC'[ulled pt:l~~ il~Ip him I'll his,jm.lmey llIInnIyll UJ undeIJ""V/odd 'tt} .' Three btal!tifal wOQcloen o.bairls·a 'Ifffc:reul ~ b lUllwng m
S1laUi un " A 'ewd bux:
til

Am~htlfl. p Ill

• Two beds,
• /II.

ch ·:!It.~km.:oi~
Wi

ro.Amenbaoop

m uru.l hI

'I:JILlOO[ll.

Tiy,e.

M~m
gel'lCl\lsl
J

cri~ :om: -I earelu!.,· illl·~Uud

lulU: m
111iJill'[~, ~kDif~p,

w.e :reali~llmJ:.

hind:;, ltIack. \.'Wu.li!e~ tr;m'm,ed [Ttll:!. himm:l!J11, whi!:h

IflY WI'lll'ld ~ln"l! (~~fl h

in
I

mmnrmt
Cill:nc dUll'
'1IIIm-n

I~II: ~1JPftlIl1li:

uJw corlin

m u hI~II.· "

II_., rJiJJItlrl .HI! llild II f~ 1,In Iho!ill II ~"r I ~I

111," 'IN

rlUlIt'

gfld nflhll. f.ig'm:.t'nl1! Dyl:ltifit}'; til.., !loud elf T'Ttl:e.1!le5. lll'tlC"pl.lif! (iwrtwl.ll, wh_cn "1m pril!\'ill)' ~\Ill:. "l:he firl',~'~m.rlh.t'l W!1"

n alaba:!I,er

V:fIiSO'

beliDuging 'to t'it kin,g

ill

~d qu.een
k~~\[p--wii(l"

prese.rv,ed' that it ~eem~d to AtthLIr \. '~g_an as ~f II 'J m~bl

pen lih, ~r

'.' A ~a1ll I;ube'-k.o,ll] WilS a 'O!l1n of Ame nhote.p rrr Instri:oo~ (J:rJ tl
.' Pnuer
.. Clu)t alia.

tlle n:11i!ID'Qf

Iollyes, <Il1d spcak_ The' af{iil:i·;tl 'lZIpe.nl:{'lg,\'Jf ltl~ '[owb wok plu~ en Feb-rumy [3. J905, aUiei'ldei.lb} tile 'King oiltEi1eland'f, I'Dro her, tl1~ Dulre (If 'CQfiltnu;ll~h.L.an~

Lhougtn
(l'

w bn~ t'lL

I1!llI:meof Ramses

!H.' auaS!lhoo

,0

to lin~Il V1JJiya;sn",,~I~ce

~ru;§e gdldeEli 'bead!l~clllpi:s,1.nv..!ll

!li)".e;tlf~. ,3igi'li[l Meanl 10 .'l[Ippon

hi,~ Ditch's, who lUIppenc:U 'UI, b~· "ir''[Lin~ HID-liP!' rhc! time. Removmg. at cnlatoRuing al:lJLIpllcld.!tlg Lhr: ubj~I.i,~.Ilii:lm, 1l11e-' h, wbicl~ 1;\'$ stlper~ l ICllll vised by QI.II~l~ !uo:k throe. 'tJl!ol'edks,I)QplltHIU [he t:8'm ,t1lKert. 'Dnl'~tlf

'.

• ,/Ii pb:nlifld supp])' of

aBel "w L~'~ hmrio\.!s !,ype n mumgl1tied

rhe pac 'ers JnaDi;1j~d lo eal 'obje>C1sS from the tOlD". b'l1Jll aU ar . beLi.e 00
to buve I:I~D lil'lti·t'lv~re"

rnrougb ,.~ying them ih;Jt;:k!rom. de:ilws.

()o

the ~ood-perse:n on ,his or Irterjournll!)! Ihm'IJ~h the: w1.dlanvmld .' A PilPiYIiliIJi wll bl'llfik~huul 111Wi.iJ.,. IlT.Qhllbl;y I].f' bwmoo huir .' PaiUi (j s.aoclal· in 'IWQ 'diirerun si~~ I!{axyin~iQ.)e,Mt'hfm:m I~, 't{lQ~ • A papf,UlS, Z2>)'Dm, J01'l"g, nraining clwiJ.'1Of" r Tlzu B'~{)k of Grit!
DfJRd

Mafth 3, 120 wt1rku1(!,n . hiIJl'OO l(!1 carry Jill: P c,kiJ1g '1t'W;!.~ dU\1fTI IQI ~he J'itl!/e,~, here lbe, Welle lefl o\f~lIIligllt Mt:ore'l;Dy~ng 1~l.ldCd UFUO31 gu\l ..d~tJ w

train, bO'Ullid for Cairo

eilni'LaJ'" mll.!>ell'lri

Oll"YUY,

"s ~ruen.( r,u~~lt:g" lace rn ili~B~ypuwt

.. A chmim~. in peJrihc'l oomljj~'tron,wbh~h ~WlS a~ 't1na'Lime Qol)t (h,e second !fooot k:Po'Wu fli:) hll\',e 'urvr,(edi f1rorn illlden~Bm'PI Until the di,!iroV:e1j' ,g/f ~e
ia.teJ:. fll'e iomWli of YL~¥n mmllDl}t

AILhol:.lgil ~fll;towb er Yuya rmd Tura ~s the IDlJst ~Clin"lplete ene to be ;!bund ~efQre UHlit QirTUuli~kluJ.mlJ~" 11'I~'tl!j:II!'J,l! ihQUlgI1t 'I1w.t YUYIJ pergcm,;Utr Wti ut s"n;..,.,efU illl'P'IIrI1ru.oo. Davi , WIDI': hi, .acconol' f 1l1Udiseover ,\ iLh1lU HtrrOdl£lCLin by Mn peta, in r~o7; l!I me put H h~d bi srudy Yl,I:ya' . B.ol}k 0 11~ Dl'flO til Y '~1I" later, NoLllmg mueh I'm he m, do n~ $lin :e IiiPlher I:h:,ljl :St\lm!' . ~u ~je!l of GU fk:(iell t .pi~(:~ ef ~hli:runef;j]lf'y 1.1 fJ

um,l"

i!J.f T!J~~ul1'e\'elllteeifl
,lie: foum:1

~vaS tlii~ filllI!.Y ~)Uie W

ru.m

yeafJl,
sllnLnel

.in

nitl.Jm and li'l IC~I:5.Ye'l 1*

Bgyp:L Thu,'tWcl mQ!llllmi . ,w~Iyin'l!!

lwd

illlbew'Ci fflllSo Origirtlly.

Yuyn"

QCC(S[0 m;t6

it !WTpri,~"h:~gn it '
Nt;ren,

I.h~t,;:Wl~,~r 'Yl,llr~ Lh~ an! c!no.llIg:h'ClJriOll!O hl$ origins: ~ ere !tom.'Lhi: ubjce' of more
sars.
he is the 01'11) fiedOJ1 Wt ~!.IO'\" t'lf [EGIiUHtI:

beetl enelo ed in three coffins

.''1111 'TlJj)l,o.' ill two,.•but who.

del<! IhI in v egti~al:Joo. oeilhet ill 111 ume nr'1n'[]l!! intiil'wt:n1ng'Iglll.. .As, W~ I1IYe ~ady

:ever bad boolrem imo m-'EQG)b _lief bad ~'Ir"1dJ;-n~y ~aJil;~!lD,",I m~ ,inner cdff"1inJi anlJlll:imO~. [heir lids." . ,Dking far g,l1llduuma8l1!llts ood jew-els. he bud. cratch.dlI til' R1Wi11w)j"-C:lo h- uif and nard fmm m,e. iJIl~tli Ihal bud u.n irnllllly.~~ Ul¢'d t ""ct.t· nd hlld lMEn drim-. lit!!. is nails,
.rg~:,;r"iIlog a gTl!iit ~a:...11ti1[1Ir1f small hits Q cl~th II] bo(tn;offi[1ls, Wh~lIrI 'iuyu"§, bod}' was LU~d .. ibli!' ti!i:ftIdJ;l~ Q{ bl.tge·'b;eads. i:Q. de

tim!.! uf the Hjl'~~ kine, :award 1.0 I:!Imf ~be [Lrj!l!l r,t lin"! 'I'b mlv.i~he holy fQJ.l1CiI' of tttl;: Lam' rI ~ T· Una (Pbunmh, the rune ode etatm d h}' Jo . pll-aI.'1!!J. JtJlou ~ nl Hlllln¢l'nly of R .' w b oed, h \: ~
huned elese I IOO~
nam •
IUUCJ1lry

rif

Itl

in flp Vl1n~y bf !:be Kings rml~c.r LIlM in the \;l:nUi:;y lof iln.:: Ql;Jles., he village I)f Sbelkb Abd I 'l{Qnm:., FLlrlfucrmtn,'r~, unUlim ule

goll!l, und I.api 'iazuli ntll Ln.mg.op 3_~r:Qng Lhread.. v.~liJdlhad, 9rpP:lI:enaJW "een b~ok~n dl!irirllli~ l!1!]e lllralcning 0'f the. muromycW~UI. "8 found bellind the mummy:'. neck, T11i3 ulmb :r..mlmr 11m1 U'lSIl O\,~IiLI.H)kcd I. E!i:)Jd pla.w,. ,W011l the 'iz..eo ,of me pllllli1 of a 111UUI' . h lita. IDat had beea jll~erl:ecl by bile {!llrlballl1ef' to CQOi:!e I the incision Iiile made. in e. lfU nil!. Y\l!y~' heM for . pecial mummifi miDn. Both 'n"IUmmTc. w~rC'!ill well
, T"('II m[lhioll

r Qlher

fount!

n, ibJes. YUYI(S W:.lS IlCil;lbc[ d~om. oil'! 11th, . afoo;i h,ugu.s, tiL 'Ihm.e CflWn

in~ribccl; bis <I11d ether pil!CI:S ~f

d nor

furniture, is rlln ESYPUan ul!! hll:d nol h\i~ d:i&cGven"d in E1gypt he ore Ih~H tim~; ur:lJHkethO' ~an. 011me t Ru' aI ,m'lJlnmies 'Ir Un'! New K Tlilgd\ m, VUYll" were nor piercedaild m,e po j,Uon of I~L ~un J. ~h ~ 'P Il1'tfo ,lla in' hiJj: 'fl~k umlcrthe ,dhin. IS dif~ n~mJ .11"01111 tin'! uwal O. im
I

nlJ)t UNlW~'IJ ~

I\,'jf\lrlll

/3 ''fl,rlw.

,11/ IrW/WI HI

"',

~'.'III'II

,II~'

1'111'1111 \'hdl 1111

'I ~#,rI"IVJI
I,

1;11(: M d
til

I'MftU'"

hmH,b.l me
,11(\1'11""'1

Cn>:-;liI1,."l,l over

h\s cibest.
ILlm

YUY3. hul,·n

3.$

!'tljJuhJ~.1 l"1~iFlh" 1'~1f11t!'1 UiIL,1 Itu Illlull'i

',11.1

fmh/llj~.

.III

,H,""

,III. ml,

fM> as, is kno.\"l1'11L., ('he 011Jy 8gypliarnl'l"um:my til ha~1ebeen fuwnd with his irs !'Hlind in this pusiHon. Yuya bore alii DJ,IIfi: ~il,e Ii t ,of till, in Rdd ,dan K'I • h hol,y atber
IlF Lh. LO,1Id

~ P,rm~d i;lf hI.

ad

• f~ed 'Qf hi l.n(id ~ Pmiiii'd ofl1i le,,ra Amun

.. Pmi~ d ,of line King • PrW 'cl,u . !.he Lord of'lJIw Two lo.n1'liils ,~ PW~] c~ 011le \vh lli:.w:le futt~ frem the llody Of 11ft''mtl~t:,tell, by l(he ltimg. 'Df LIl,wer Egypt
OJ

r d't~ Tw.Q

,Laud ";

F~lb~t 'lJf I~be-Ci:otl. Oir Holy Pruf!elr (This wns ,iii ~Ommi~lI'I prlmtl)l lil1el h!3tl, i'~hl be R.i1Id'l:o'~:OITesl'}(n'ild'll:)' tb~"'f'U1hert~ tbe RoQwoo. m of Caibeli,c Clnm:?1) nruj: IIti;d fligl1 Ch:W'cl'l 0r E.ng]~d af d1e "P'am~"
II

Pllatsti:cl

..

of Lbe WiIDed CCp!:'i! .) MMterui dille, Ht'i~e 1)0', ut If Hi5 bti ~y In th Chariotry

iii

"afLul'j.'ir ,I!,g):p'i '.' !O.ll~ made' i!l'eaL by the lQtd wbo does, things .FilSt WJ:l!JJilig ~h~ King' Cnmpuuo.oo The )'1., e' f].
.. Ol'll! m!l!de ~e'al'
'iI!

Ijy thtbg

.. Benter ot rhe-

rtn"" of he. Kin ' of Lower Egypt

. wer lit,gypl

iii

He whum 111 Klng:

rn' de' his .Duub~

Pl~~

Gr€'ftl ilud Wi e. whom the King ba~

.. S~~~bearer ,of'-beKing Qf

.. U,e~~litrury NClh~eand ' tll1!1l

• .p~r~.r .. O"''1:~( ~ 'I:h,e Cml!~IlI'I" ~in. UJtd u[ Aldlulj],1P of Lhe-QUJJe of Am.uEi
I

.' F!lJVahIrile ofth.e Good Oolif ?b~mtlln

..' COUtid~Ul~ th~ of

King

.' nitld.am gf Lhe GOod Gitld '.' M,li}u':b uf Ute Ki~g f Li"p,erEgypt .. at"" Q,J- thei K-~ligor Lower Egypt
'" Prophet
the (joel M.m ., Sol~ Fri.end f Unique Fd:~nd.,
10

tJttlUoo his wife, ru~ta, \lith!) had CcI.f:Ii!ji,~I'I'aI)WJJ .13g,yp'!JW1' IQ~ll's; Yu:y.a wa,s mmnkably fo:reil!ll tl'l 3l!JpeaJ"tjrnro, ss iUIJ'HJJI!" \Veig~U ~i:Q.I'ded in hi bOok: tift! Lifo' ond Times gf A.k1umlillim. puhnisbed in I~1 O:'·j4,e' ws iii peron (j,f comn amJ;ing, p'~E'e. wbQse powc:l1f-uJebaRlc-te.r 'Soowed lJ.~eJ'rill his fac£. One must pJCWfi!: nhu I'!OW 3:". tan man. "Vi'lh· nne 'lli:)oel ,pf wrum hair. a gre t hQQ~d fto~l ,Ire lLI:uu,or a ~yriaI); full ~tron, Up ': ru;ad ajFImminent,dete:rminedjll:~" He has Ifill. face of an cocles:ia~th; and there
i!=i Som~~lUrlg !3.1!l~utLtis momb ~\I'mctn remiads one or I!ill: li:iit:ePope~ Lef)

XI:D.

'Olil!

~ First ~Olj\tlli! Friend t

I.
Ii

Pnl1;':'~' 6rea( Prilit.e r'>aldLo e

~e l'O'ulitd'lJiIc orlj:irun.Q1' ter I'm . stantfsol1. OIm~

ril!l~ l~J1<iJlg; ,Olt hill ~JH:nei!:imt'i~f"eol:ur:es. t.:h..~l thore !lUI, qn Clf I,!liC,gI1i:'U'l relig:ia~!i fIl0V,!.'lmenl,wliie-h lli' daugh.
an.lootb:teouLl'iJiI."

I-

'. P("Jlllf-U1 o:FFn\'ollr8

ill '[Il~Houseof the King

• JI~J!e.l!I.tifttl Fail/flUrs of

und

hi.

Lo!ll

• BrndlHr'inloFLcr'!l'c Ltlfldor hi~ Lord .. Beh)'liu,dJDr:Lb~ King of l,~,p,per Egy~~

II

Thi,s ·w:} a referert£e !D T(e. fhl} d:nl1ah~1:I' I Yuya and Tuya, ",,'hom ~ Ameooatep m nlatl· hi .G:-eiU ltoy~1 Wjfe. and ~heir§OP.,A:tneltil01cp]\7 A'·hefta~en,J. \vbO was,,~C)~tQ ~lhet!ZUlP1.es.de:stmylli'!e~d of Egypt and ~sIQbIDl.h iii! tlu if pial! oil m.llIfloEbei de God. [il."e Ilhe G~ of 1~~€1 ee Chol'tW' 81.

Btl'" itd,~f Ih~ Klllg

!IlflD1!lII~
('I

E_gypE

• Be.hltved "rlf Ithe Lord

the Two Laads

• Be'lov~of Bod.'
•. Po '~SQr (l,f FuvGur u d r ~he lord ('If rl1 T, • Prai
0

<If lhl: GCIlKI ('il'l!!!

1.

mLis

Voices fr0111 the Past

The ~w ~
lh~' Nura,.

SOUn;e$ o.rtlw ~'thr)' of Jo~plt are til· Old TSf.wmc.rn. nnd

eo~JlliI1(n'1l

and iet is u U1lditioo

to Jews,

IIJ linlS

Ilnd

Clu:1ilims

aJike .b,ai the !CSllltenls of boLh ~ oola Ilave ~I Lheir Duree the im'i-pirM wurd. 0 God. hiu!!fud doWtlII~ prophe~. 'TM quatiotl of hO!;;l;~ 1e DUd U
T-ftitament has reached us hRS been rh~ sl&bject of cOlltimu:iJng d0bo1c for t0

It!.! ~.d ~r:I,I.p,j,.li\tith ,the:.afeMofdut:u~iQll in.~]ud~l11e nu:m.b.~'!Jf

(IIUIl:C'5

in the firs bl'l1f'oftb~nin~\eefim 'Gntury.led.-lo. the de"linilive Illtidbllilioll of Llle ,eon'tel:u~,of the p. _nl'mel:!:Cb to" fOIllI' ~f:f~:rlt : J,lrUJI't! 1$. TbJe's~scl1o'lm were follb\'f,(:d by I{" If. G1Rif. '\Vn0 ·slllgg~(ecl in ] ~6$ l,ba,n Lh~ see~-!Qm usjn,g lhlHUW\e,.Eahin:t •. IlLlen~umei1 to, bi! th earUesl ~f the iSQllll1ee \Vas. ion f,(lct" me j'{l(er documlenr .. eemplled ai the.t 'me of • m .• \ hen Je\ i.b .cbo.t'lrn reuuned a tef the I!l'ilfurced WlJle of mere l1~an Ili. ceni-ury lh:a\ 11~ Ic;UoWll!d L~~J3i:n~IMi,~;l, '~O'JIl,qui!sI oE Canaan. h was. bee-a-u$C sf th ~. nr.te.mp£ lIl,y Gri\f kI mud;gu Ida:fIjS 10 >fhe d1:ffercllI £10011meDl::I5!.hat ~new l::fi'aJU;l'UN,kldy m·e.r~~d.lilliltariCDl Cl:ltilcD;Al. TJl Jlnw. de:Vi~QpmlRlt .dl:he GemllUI J;lCbl.1nil!!Ii\v.or~ ~:s left LO 01:man 00 wide' p.i1itrJa'lyi$il)lQ, Julius Wll.:lllJrl'o,w;en !8~ H} I }iiI. woose, br:illiam 'i:i:i1d j)eRetNlting mind 1ed h:in:i llll ill prominent PQsi;U~l1 in th~ fie, d at Old TeslinDent crU;icisrn .. imiJ,ar to ~fn t1 Darwin in he biatog~ea1' l~nce . Like Dm in WeillM"~.n at$opmd the H'egetill:1\I'~.d~, af e o,ludDn awl llev,elop0Ci 'Ot-ars· "hoori:~s tOi '!1iJl'Il.U he Lho'~bl wa,slh ~lJ!:',rUUllJml1 iilCl1:l,eJlJ:~ S]'l)lL He ~epl'd'ed. [h- ]l,[I1:m.d Wlclilas esselltiml~ of complYSiu~ mig.in een. t~l.bJg 'of
I~.II!O '.

iiil1u wril1q!I1,dQW'n a.rtd by WIUUll. W'I:i d.a:~m~ It wlUe'b d hillS br;:e.1J tm[l~red wiLl~ aver me' ce.nLu;;e:s 3!Ad III what CX~eijl ill Is L~.1 e re&3'nleiJ ~I de mibing tt!.i~m hiSl'Qril![3l iWmlJ b . Wilthol1t ~oing into the matll.er ,ill d:eLaa i;!! I.Ids,.·~e (see Book Two, Ctn~pter OflE~). :l u.!,rning; ,G,iml' ill the l1iSl1JI"Y of bib'lJoiJJI crill!iL!IJ)~ eame Wh~11JIi:ID'D AsltUt ,t 1684-17~tl}. (ne ph)!!;idU! In l£Iui~ XV, puhM~hoo LI tfei1U :C QIlI i.h ~"1Book f G cnegis in i7j,3,., SJ.!.gg(:slillg tll'at M ..s~ IcmpiFgd !he Pc!ntateucl\._tbe' tlmt.1i elbookllof m:he Old ''f;esE;U:tleJl~fmm, L'iI,0 doeQ,r.igilfl"
\1ilb':li

It had,

i,

\li''ltIi

L. A J·lluY'i·s~·c S(~l:lroe(JI). ~13,ifngf'OOID I.bt!,mullUl aellt~ D.e 2. An E[ohrerk dCII:I'WIUm~ (E). dllting from th .lUi cetUl.IIIY B.C.

3. The hook ol~ DeLtl':erOi1l11rny. D. to tic -re~doo a, -a s$arate ~Jlu:~e~daliJ1.8.J:'mm fbe se.\fe'lilith c'entury s.e .. 4. A I'ri.1l. !.l~'11.'1Lrn:;e (P J'. 1I11llj[IS from ,:1bourl the: flidl oenwry D.C. 5. The 'Ii D,rk-of,an cdlu)r Wllo ~'Yi'3ed and edil:ed th.e.ent~ ,cnllecdlM arOu.n.d ~h ,ooofild CeRUIiI.'}' a.e, MIJre ~oerul}'. Professor 1lonald B, ,Rci1Jurd. I)I1'oOOJllC lfuW·er...ItJ'. roo)' of Joseph, b:s >c-o~dtl!ided dml all l:hl! ~li~IO( incli,eaLiofl reim,ing E() Jflsc,ph lOIm'1d Descent. j~C'ludJDg -00 fit" ·very t-ci'c nee- 1:0 gyp, aruJ Bgwtiml I'lall'l~. lo.wlons :uui titl • ow; ,Illim i~\lel1lh ill" 0 Ule blblb:mJ "MilOf. 1.'11110 W;MI:edl~ ju~tlfy !.be 18Iliodll~' hy bringinJ.; Joseph IU'Id Ult iilifa:eHIe$ IntP BSlPL HU Mtlolu. i-il~l nicm ,1)u'1 JU:-i ph OUI we l.nllw hnn never exi. ~(t}d_Snm~ mormm. scbobu ... .bave s II"l'lIall'~ Wdll au n's method 'Df SO"'I;I.fCe a.n~ly~:ir--"wttbou SU~"''11 nl' nn IIcmlllivC'-hn IiI:. ~1'lJ1llkaU, n 'U'll book· 1I11U.1.. fu.l~tW .Lile ,1·'ClIlJlIt'IWh. 111 11~~l' Pent h:lIdl ~I~II~, hI\W~, ·r. i~iI. I ~'llh~\'III"'l!'n·.li~'fl~
in hls oo~k It. Sn,dl' o!.ltff.I1ihUaai

lIi1iTll2:lll:m'y srmme.1l ib31

ad been

m11i1

m'il1!ed over '~eroJ il;'enrurtes. elOler

omlY.1Qf im wri1.lm !UnIl. tl:ndi [e3.5se.m'bled il'.b~ aIt'I.ci ~n.~ ro~liI1o:rfe8so (I.;;; In t\LtWslta . -OOIin"I us 11wTIstive. ~trol; iIA" painted ~I.1IL UUiL.t G~is conl.'u~m ~. ~i~ ns of 111\e'Cre.ati'IlP' tt1U) ,¥hile In _ 3 O\l.Dt ·af 111 Det~e showed c;viden, e of tw diffe-rellL'!1:m".:Uiv~ lta inJbee:n co.mponntJ,iJd illio !:nlJ.e" hJl!1 ViI&; IU h1.Spir&a new Hpproacb ~o tbe 1.1 hole :s~bjecl .of'lbe Old W T~Lmnelltj howe. ,~r. was .I'J.i4 ob t::H!Ulio.ll 1Im:4 both LI1 Clenesj and the '~ru'ly chapw Q: " OOJIJIS, a ~ We re['e:Illld IlJI by '1iVQ diffe~I'lI~ POl'IPs. Eilo1dm and J'eho aJ1 (Y/III'h/. A!llfUL"'~ idt:':RlI, lh.!'lIlo1loped tJ,y Old TC.'itm"Hl:lIl 't:huior\', d~i~llh'IIUI

,~p~ uhlHll. in hody of (:.onleJli'lPJIl1.1'y blblrC'-a1 at1'Lic· ,Wld his nrg~ept ·'till f~rm the bWi, ~erb"1b'li~aIi~lmli~1 wda,),. One ind.icaUclI'l illl the. Bibl~ ~l elr of I~ ,ptJf:\Ue] d_liImenW"y. OliUiaes behind LIi~Sto.ty ·of J:n ep'li is dk1' his "f.tuhcw, Jaceb, il' 111- fct'"led to fiftc€:fII
til.Uls(ilj tlmes by thhi oa11'ie-.ij.~dl'it\een. !Dt,al:l;;·clD\'l JUj~Qpl~flam

The "SIal', Df J seph i lid his ~runily Il'll~' t"qHows is =u.. '4nden, ~d ver.iolintf dre. at:coUQr lh.ru appears in !he Peru'J.l.firuth. WI the prot~s, r e:andens:mg h 1 have goncel1l!m~cd on rhe CJ seni·ia:I~,fl'ltal8J'1!' neec;.uu:y

1m

ti:u:tefi

Wi

lsmi:d.l:be new

nllTI11: gj..en IQ

hilu

In)' ilr~:enl,

hj~mricaJjnq;triQ'. TIllis-is not a qUeilion of sil;uply (boos-iu! I~At;jtb.lllluit . 1.11of' try\D~ to gel [Ill the bean f 1.11 mru:u~r •. To gL\'~ two · .

I>y ~he Lord. S~milW'ly. ilie Illume of '['he .ominanJ i'MEead. :nOi l"!1.1~ v~e5
e.~ch finu: that the
Mm~

"gti cl bl'l;'l,flLlu;' who dei.Jth rmcl h"~d lhi'i"m s:oll;l i'(l:lo ·,luver)' in _gypl

bmtwi!ien Reubl:Hl nn.cllnd'.ah. bun Rt:,llbi:n OI..':Ctu\S, Jacob i ased I:i.tIdJudah each tillue dllat Ib~ 1l,aJ[)le·
th . thdJJd _~taSJ.ell1'. even in ~t , fuud,

Israel i used. FmtJhar

CVidt"lt.'"e

~n rn -iiI! l'h n ene ,form, W I?r4"'td d by.,dii ~ COY .&)1 'of too D08,d ea S,roU.-fr8.gmenm. ,8I:IIJ. DIRfl'Li,me.' ~-mpl· re "!:)rnll,c ,rTAm t'fu: ,briokR OUL1LfOId cslan\I.mL iJuUn ' bpek [0, [be ~eomttI ~1l11tlll)' a.c.---.il! {Jurnm.Q. 1947. S>elimtars, were: UJrrpri!led to diiB-oo\l',cr

umplere·,·ersioQ,ex.iI_'ld

ll'tHt. Urjjirotl,~,h limOflJ!; elf I'b Deudi t1md:i.(ioQ.

s.o:UjJe;

S:9.

Scm!!s agreedwiirfJ

lb~·[c!le:!;m..-:ow ,

t~~

!he'

epltmgin~.

Qf Illj~, materttd Ih'eY I;OJll'llin.6-dn;;i:nt\o)rcecllL\1!: Gteek ~ClIi.I.::\ bleb Iii older lhau· Lilt::B.~lilrew MiUsc1reiric 'I!Xl-·~IS well.

w.bJ.!.e.them diffe.rell rym ~QUl., iJldl\catiJ!g t J1111t the tlme, I:b.e ooan(J 311. iiI "niu.rrles U£.. ~he:re \\rem more tbnn twa vel"ldoJll of IlL' IOld esmm iIl'l le~t in circli1lntionam.oli1l UII~Jews of P'w.ehlne.

This briolfFOl.uli~ of th~ de ltipmtmt (if blbUcuJ C:ritit'ism mnkts ..it d.$.lr" • L1tm.k. LhiU'the HId 1': ·1W'l'!,ent-M,I;l. tt'I p ni lllar, lite ·'~¥e boof\s: Gif 'llhe Ft;,'!nlat~!jM.!'~. wbiGh I \'Hl11' om~in Ct;l~\lcgll1. to ~ l1p.pr·tI~lc:bed. wHh! 3 mixwre of cautlnn ~l1tj Cf.lmma.,. ~"lMI!St-. AI.Il'loagh I aln nehl1e:r a
J·ew aer
!1 Chri.'l'l.im

c nllenilmt I!JlI.;'a!I,"pl~ j,11tJ '110JrLI' U1~ [lWTlllhl, 1~1lI~ moo .~1 in lolo!~with ... " Ih~ .y0tiIltle.n;l~Ugh'IW btU Md. MI . .Ill mat1'~' Ill.i! ~1I~ 'uric. 111t111tl1~i:ng bhe (;l[!IRlnrn. bur 1 do nm'cec1 (bern is ,any !,(lIil1l in WM't:id! ljjm~ on 11r~ Uidiuk!e!~ pi'Q'Jlll~i.tilm--"'\thi(;:b (ienc.flil VJ!m,;~e:s· or U"S--4Imt he did lI1fJ[ [eallze llllLiJ tb lDOmil1!J ,WI' tb wedding lhJl!1h WID; married It llt~:!i'rnf1<g 'brjde. fmilarl .• in Itl 'e ftbe twiTlI w,bo,s ~,d _ hr irtrui· L for wm~ lJf PDtIB&!~. the·e· seaee 0 the ~t( ry i1i lim sale . r the b rtlll"igreu•. and ~v"n.L it lw-b't hav'e: ht.>elh rather lhll1l1 whmller a bnwl o'r soup rd.nne;rL th _ basi or LtI" 'tr'iJfI!tH :.tlen, ~i'k~epl H1,sofar as II 1:Jawj' 0 S()~Il' S'l.I;ggesL'i tl'taJ 100 s-ell II d td 'Mut '~1l1'~ hi biirtllri,glilt, v.cry. hlgltty . i!. .L full~cttl~J d "'~Ifd litUe time.: ~ce l'Id1l1p¢lfil'Ol"1ol: 110 biI!iJ~£u1 chu~ tind nges. ~ub·~ 1I1 whiMli m~10M'fesJ!umenl is n'~}I:ol'iO\r~ . wny.~vo«L I .W()ul~ 'ba.ve us bebevt: !Rut the '\1I(lrM \\3:) cre~lII!ed. t 3i tim." \\lbl!!11 we km ~w .lhuD a nili« ~vide{J dun me emth was, .ail.m.ady. iababited. w~read or ~' pIe- 'Ii ~ mg pr lTIOn= thillll a c:e.l':Illlity in .n'! ,era, wbi n fo" or .lll[~ \Ya.i .c'(;m... <ridered il gooo lif ,pan. Wt m y be;, Qf 1!OLrnie I!ta'll~le:y IIhlC,hed 1I1 il'tb:d!il~ ImMfling d

aum we

!t) ID

tb WlOrt!

',!UII,''"'lniL

e1ire-Ilhis d~ t

j;lDt . 'rve·~~

e~pJuin Il"oors

myself,

dl, and tbut any st:oty.: it oon ain.o:; wnuld IlQI 00 there UtlJes' ir were bOlh imp t.1ant 3nd gni'fieant. At Iht: 'rune JJj:me ene
is lbll illpired
WIi.:)W 0

IllS' II

Mil!

dlim I .-:Icoopl

thar the Old T~I:aJ.illef}t

n1lL!l m 'j{e • 'lI~wil!!1l~~:fbr lh -- fact ibM these huniJI~ down

in~it3b[!: il:lliIllt :priests
j)\let

lQrJ,e
Lh.aL

wer1;' ri~}'
tilt
IlEI'\lolve::

!f~"'.~ 1

OO'lluf.ieB

by wonl (Jf IllOUrh. \Mith

I.hhl. VlIOuM

dil,Ortil!lns. and pS!i&ibfe. ~mb""l"1.s.

ruJd.edi~l's hffVe-

me rlh~, QClD.lriprjfoll

in MMical'clmmollJgl iIiII !l!oh'~ IlB mhal Ql Teml~, lOkp·I\{.\;, "w:at"gwtili£i SWIG Ill' h'U'lte been sevenr!;)" wJhe.n lliEi son. Abrm'l~. WllJi bam. Teroh. we we tben' tul.t.i. p~ro.d ld Uy~ 1:0 lh~ tip.e a~ of Mar boodrnd DIU! t'ivb. ~ a Ifew:v lil"ieiS, flinIDeli 01'1 \!I'e ,I~· tb;)!j. Abm.I'n wu~till Ool.~l ot;.\"~l'y~U C \\ 11m 'bili. fatiler die:l1. And Q, 19 th :lOry Joscpb. To undergland i flilly. however, WI,! 1m e to go bnck. three 8Cil'lernllO)1S. to dl . Lim ·f his pell'l-gmndtmher; Abram. the feunder of Lh· FI~~w ~. ink'-' bieb MflS!: • ~ ~~. Mllbru.nr;ruld Vl<0lJld IXi bo:rn 'mf!l'l,Y cel'l'tune,s htitir~
gnmdfutln,lJli'. wbo

a,m

to the Ile:x,L .we ,bow

U:u;my; I.h~l 1J1U.n.~I·aI,("JfIil!;l~W im.t!l1I.td ~1l[.ellpQtutions. 'b~ed 'Dill 'Lhe~li" llo'illil O ~OIlJ..'tI!'\ of jn~;' ~~e in! ~"I difficulr}es ~f tmtl'jati-en ~.t: If ('Oil' lililir w won:! m<n'} ne,e11. dozen l ..I1g.U Il'I \lilIol'd~ 10 reruJcr its pruti!ic

.m nni!ng),nd
I

the FW'1 dl:B. fie ];nlllll3!l,e'

til

IJSoo.

im. biMlcuJ

lilnt~!i WIIS

v~lI.!iill)'

fi rimm

fmm

~:m!!uugc'\ • USC l du)'.

3'

TIw bile fU!lUfIl'I t:ainS. Vi Iiliich "nUide j,. piiJ•• ible 'k1 plough the b~"ed 'i!l.r~re :<mowed 'b] wer and Qfi'en JlliUt.'YJy'ca,ld,. wimer,s. TJ en. 11 ttl

'. U,

wn

gre~\'iII $~iO.g~L 'Lh~~~tlsrmw6IJf;M';!in1land i\:P:I'i~ jfJl"O).l'hliedlltile 1.re,sI~ n ~aure rqr s:l;ie:qJ, g.O,llS nud,,'arLle before '!he o~ of ,W10lherdry season. GI'aiJl ~ultl be :grown unly tin !he eea 'btl plain MId in d:levru'e, Md Ihe smple ngricllJt;tJl'nl prodlJ~ s of IhD 'OOllll'IJ:;. all limL Wt: inlii piloq,le !itoll,lll:[ihs WDuM sRpPQrr~ ~V.61E:Ihe,ou'vi: and ~h:e"ine. ,Pw'lmC' WIl!$',i!Iin:g. uki..f OOC.mT.eIllOft, ~'d it was at a lime of farmirne il.h~~I.Abtam atld SWlIi Bel it PM W in 3i\.-e'h~ grun. ukmg dJeir wu d~1W!;J tn EgYPI~ ajol.lm y mf ~ m WIlS w t~rg; 111 'flrst I,in' -, blil~,=nl llI,eligyl linn Ro¥~] thluse ;uuJ ilili it was ](I!er I bocQ_me, o,e l:ribe Qf IsttJe:l. 1:Im~ IClu) t\j :Pe~plri~' ~qJldifi,g 10
hoth tbe Bibl'e."':lUld ilie Korna

Th~ fir·

IftCll'litQD

o,r JO!iepb"~ family in lhe B:ib~eeeeurs in 'me. 8'00);; of

Gone"i '1immcilal;e1.l' a.f;1· r I~ aecal,Hilil lo,f tl . Gt~ti,oi'l,; tim P -U ~lJndI!!e JlJtlug . rOel'!Ji!Soi:s re.cord tbe- migmtlQn IllrAbmm. rus wife, ami Irls l'aLhet. Ter.3i1" and h,islillpimw. Loll. from Uriin MJ}Sitlpl)~mlj ,rt{ll~(fIT &com wha:L \Va. then dIe head uf lhe~rs.mu GiIll • liO,anaan. QmalilJiil al 'tlm~ time: lK'Cupled M\ldt 'lbe ~e itN40 a modem l TJet =mil'lebanoll, a1;ltl wg- ",:tIFlJe 1'01,fU!i1~ fm~, r by lila great Ill:llt!e rQ,in 'Ihl,t.u f!),lJt:lW~i:llilw \'a'i h!.y ~l' Ine EUfilh$lee', rlnrtb'-wcltt Illlmuglh BllbyloL1l ~Ci Marl. tIl n' 'swep'l
wesliJ:l,rQugb

Syria III ,Ute elS:lilm_ '9hOl'Cs~.f die Merfilenlllilli'l:lili'l. AlI.:u:pm SlmIi made tb~ j lUliIey iin MO st~e8. Th.. se Lied for '!I!llill e~r

B.

whlle at I~.
Tetllll's

in me mi1l!dJ~ ()f ttle; ~1i!Y of tbe ElLfpitr1nes. bp,t, :.'Iimr

d,ead'l,; Ihe LQI~d.:t!I~dto Abrijjffi.: "LeO;w'e ~":llUn:';Ii)Llr.nI1'Y.lf'01'L1' '~Qpl,e IDi~d~QLlf famer' b. Ulicltoltl ~ go, to U\e·land [,. hall Sho'w you." 8 0, h~~ ~onl:lnued. Ilh~ill' j ~W'il'l, to 'GlntlID'l, a' "OUll~TJ where the.!u:!lUlideill ,ap~-

an4

mtlOO of

'mmgclt!l '\\111- a Ico.nm::l.Dl1 oeeurrnnee, ]1 lilUQd ttl

till: CliO

Sl1QilIdg of

lh~r 1I,;'Omme~i;:l:1j.QT,)Imt:'y , s,oulll t • and Do'r':h 'Om, Bgypt rt filo a:fnrrloo pas..Sage EQ armi~'durlng the I'~Ul:II'e l1m.,ena.l.ist ri aUiCll ".eLwc:e&Egy,pl elll d1e ,oll'led'l:l!l.lld. I~D.d As~ H:nd Baby1uID 011. LIl oilier. In. ~dlh:i.fI)Jil!, n1
m".!i ef seruil-dtol;lgWlhc
~Quntr.)' !!Iderecl1lIli[]i-in~a....qoJlIS

what WI".:mow e_aJ~IJH:' ~eM mtuit, l'JI1d~Qi11l'~edl 'I C0.lstm"1 ~l\Iill'l

fof

b"

mbesmel'l

'fr-a-ffi E.'he- neighbQllirlng, da ert, For an,yQm: trying IiO wak ,~lh\'ilJg from ~.' ~.I. C.amuun p sed 011 jlntimi.daLlng C'haUoogc.' fi1t: climllle ""·US,IH'i:itUe. m ' 11m!er tillS e !lUI'lI:ry iI oj!.; IOcurdbw by lilt.: ~Ull ,lim] Ule h~l. !ilmd.-hJJJ~i1 "irorJc~1 \vinl! fm'fH Ihe dCHCi1.

ared w Cwmal Egypt WHSIl.. riell ODd 0pHi Ihlrnlecl COIlnt:ry, '\V1ll1,t: 'I.hegr~iil.er .n: rt of ir w~ :t1een, the Jand <111 either. ideu!' the NrJCi W'alelred by an ~.1rlw.ue l.:SLe",,' t~f.iIirnglilii:Hl can M.s and d~. ~.d It!..~ lru.ld o ~ ri~r' delta, l100tled eae~.year b~ ilie in,IJlIlCial,ioll1 tbat fo~I.O\Ved ~iM'li Y faill!lS M.d n:reJti.il~nl)w kJ.lilc iBtll~ ~.i:m H#chIIUlds, were e)tCl p~ liD'milly [t:!1ila, M~Oi"erop - Included whe-at (fur bI:e.a.d • bark)! (f.or b~et), ~,*~~bl'~, itruit (il1~l~di~,g~pes fur wine). Mid f1lUi. (filii Ib]~~·dloj~ aad ~ii'len (1l.r"a'Icl). Tiu: seil \\I'ab :"0 neb 'Lh.: t two, CflJPS o.ouhil On~!1 ~:fu~rve~<ld iII. me me grnwilll3 eo en, The ~YPtiM we, ~epl pig ,goa, , . ~r=apl ~ and Unl:ks.. and'nuJd litt~pl8m,"Itooir diet with fi) b n"m tl-· Nile. wUd f:lJ~Ij"~ f1J:um the IUIITS,h,el, UTIli l!;;JJmI! rom me. desert. It l't'h(ilugh l'~hQrn ,IlmdSwaj set "C~[ on IDr.:: joum(l'Y 'uuttJ af E;YP,t ar :a eime cf ~imF.1it, I'll :y h v he ill" 'eme O'I:l.'ietmotirv.e-D"'.r®. perhap~1:II1Cd.11 cd tbem LO millce Ithe trip. CenaimJy Ii:b~ dId I~ I mt~ i'n ~I; l:~:"IL~ ~rn,lIclw r Ithe NiJt':.11h~clilol!l'(l:.'mi lill huve CiXpct;:1)ed iilf'llJl!~y wen imply 'SCCloilO,gfcood. but Il'md t'\'e'~r w.ay tcpi.,,'.Lt1U' )o\jer l~hePhru8ol1 nf the t1,me w;a~ hulding L'tutt., 'fbi IDay hnve he III 1I'll th.e pataecs ~d 1i.e1i0;polli crr Me-mpJd·. b.ll n,o! far TOn) preoo:n'l:..di' Y QUii' .• i},1i,in du~ third paJ .I!e l1t 11l b' ,011 I'hfl. Upper !"4ile'. Sarni wa~ 8Ihl!<lul:i:ful "~l.:Il1'l!anaild A:lJmm wm; IlJ.l1rJe~ IiIInLiably lrfili!d that he uti ·11L be ITiIl!!I rde-fOOif' Phamoll co . i!i'u!d her. Be' f:t; lln;}~ ente'rod II.g),l"llo. ,k. the p'fecaU<1on 0f'l:>ug:gG.sttD¥: ,. eU tbm. ella;. you are my 'll, !.C,r,:;n Lh u thaI! be' W!-aJt(~dw:lallr f(u y~u.r ·alke liilld my. 'life will be I}~~ hl.l"~JJ~ of 'Uli." In IhLle~'~ln. h' p.ruvll'd lI.wih~r;l'pro, i!lr-jOI1.One' lli'~ cd
'om
c

oouit1ers DI P.hru:3ub &Ili~ bD'1I'f bl!l!ltUArlll wa, ,'he w__ taken I~ lhe s RD:',rupd ee wh~ she 00e<1lt16 "llarnol".1Sbrld • Abrnm ' nnd bJm$!:'f Jew-arden ,ge:neli'I'Ju ly I1i r the ban 0.[ hi ", i.ter," HI} lM'45 !.'t\!eJ1 llC(~pand CI ttle. male (IUd e:m-ale: ,dO[~k"'ytl. ~ant~1 • Di!';Iil~Ii\'UlIS"ood nlaid,~e rut'b, blU manri~:c lQiflQot'h,er'lIiulO' Wif~ turned ~ulLIe oj;, huppiJ'y for ]?h1!J'aQh. The oro ·jinllicloo sedous'di -ea!S QI!J,h[m"mtd hi IlDu:~etliPtld"n.!1d, ~!lN
"I

Sn

11,

fe-~ed

fur:: eanse ,01 1m problem!:"

It~"i'{;

, bamoh

SIiIUlll'ltcrncd Abmm

IJi!ll1ld

WjJked; ',\"Jth~fi

you. done tJ,llllf]e? Wily dldll'l

YQl;Ileli me: si]!!' is ytJUr

wife'? Wh~did ~lI Si,I)' ,'She ~I':i rn:yistW",' .\>0 L1n1l~1look 11 r 31iitlY \l/ffe?ll N w then, ~ js.''Y UI' !Nitl. T~ll.:e an be Slone.'" h~Ji1
bmm ·Dd ,sQif';l:i reLY~ It) Olt!U-M. ,uru] [ml1~~bi:

Im imne

(Im-

dn:n'Lnwt cbar.lgel> begin

lake- pl11~ein a maU trlb" tbat, UfltiI fi:um, had had 110 fujsturic"~l impur1anoe. Th,(t; Lord: >l:p-pea:n=ci Abram in ~ v.i IDJI ;md, tnpf'o,phesi~d: .. K,m:lw, f';PIi Q6i1nin m~(' 11"01.11'des~I1t1l.u] I.S, will b~e;n· li:y.m,g
[,0

nl!lcl,iJj..tI',¢I1jt~d f(j'I:U ~~wd'redye~ .... 1"li[\ U'll.IrO:t gi:fI1c-rarlo!O wm i.tL:u.f:ll h~l't .. ~" !6d, also . G 1fI_d'~ Il'eo .. emmt \'Jilh Abnw. sflyillng; "To ycnlirde~ei1danl~ I .sHrill: this ~ Illhnd. from the ri\\IGI 0 ~pt 'Lo th~ g;r ill river. Ih~E'Illph:.mlte.•. :. Lal f. in nl1l0illflf "i·ltuiloll. 'lIi1e ord told. ADmlu: ••••• 'Na 'long~r will L you b. call~ Abrl,U'll! )lOut n me: 0/'0.'IJl be AbniliDlI. fur- I hQ Inade::yoLi a,falhQr of !Ii bas' 01" rul[ian!., •. kings \vill (lome ro,m you. '& Uc nJso s.nid; "nvery male 'amp!l1g )'QIlI' hall 'be lCirtU1'I1~jsgd. Yn.!l shaLl! dn::U'IlIcil;e [lie 'Aesh'of YDIlI;roreski[J~ alld l.t w~11be- the sign uf lll1~1[;()'i'!~U~U melw@oo me and YOIl., ,. This 'coOmJJilmld. \¥bic::,b A:hm~np1 edl (IIlJ I:. forged .1ll10l1]oev l:lllk l'l_I\!II~1l JIDe 1"'~bNW'tribe-lind E_ml .. for" 1Ji~lil, 1:1-'1111 om~m in hiii· m In ry, '1011y fl4~,liM.o.,; .Hmon ~ _the I~lem L ll~llns l'iiil:d adoplciil Ithe ell (om of wG.l'umru!!lHI. AL the $Woe lime. Surni·.lj 'IlUnlC!: Wal changed as wglll.
IjC

10 ,II IWild ~~-,nis;''!'!OI

!1l,.,1:r.s" ;:md til!,).)", will

~,Q,vei:!l

,~m

I '[lie Kli'l' lrutib lIumon

f Ibii

'ell;clitruJ~1!! iIiC, m

-,,(1),

r ffli,glilt h

\'C

Lm'tOlll h~l' I:ll tile to

wifE ,. Tlle i!m"'Tlf'P11!tlQf1 ~f dLI: wmo;is "lll:i~hl Wn'(:" j rtfff1Je.l, OM· PhIll'i'lQ~ III"J ~ iLlL2I ~ nlilr-

riCi!rl S1:lJmi when" 'Iill- cll>:et ,'1et'i:{1 llun s'Iie w~ A:l:JrrUiI\' 8 wifm. Tb,;" ecil1iS. -!W be Q_1l~e~;unp~1: nr blbliCIIJ trm1~llnOB'J.t'll]t\ymg ~l'illirawn mtlmllt~ 'w lu~. 1111:' Rt:bretw otlgllu:l1 IUrutilUil. ,ii cl~~ II T the IHlllinn~ ~lw~-n Pk:p:mllb l1~d !ii.w'jIJ hmlpil~ ..rJ~ ~lIJ.itil pluee; '[hal i~\i!'~y 1,t:'~' 11m 111m
.• n
I.\'ll£

!lkli:'1!iSarni' ~ ,tJnll.'I)'
Illhh from Inroinl'
HI

mI~' \loli}!

Ph.m"aalf>' 1~1.'IUJii:l IU Fllllld~d_ W

l!IJI:one-lllllks

rvlClW Ir~"'II:lilll hum hOllj

_ hr~Lm' MI!~c 8l\'cS

'I

"t~ .lll.! III I

i.:n!ll} p1lh.;s. ~fll.'illS' l'lilJ.IHJl rnl:' lie

IUII(!1 ilU .>1:

Iri.I!~IJII!.tI .I~

!j~SLY

Ilf

Ihi!' S' In-JIll

1 Ft' ..

"I'll "11".

II

Up.l111:!!1lI5.la k:iOililll'l;.

~htb ~.n: ~Ql'iU'ioo. iJ'f ~tl.~1':5"i.'!,t tlIe. "1II1I!!.

1LllflQcl,

l>l!uro: Ca~roNluJt'nm

[Mnn~ Oif
"~l1' ~

tl1~1lrp~r r~ L
~r",

of

I'~tr('I-I:RI~ PllflWS:

i1nJJ: inner
MJI.",'r!l'11

cor;flJl.~.

~P.lli ~ RJNI~kll

IIm~1L 11Ih

\\J~~

lllLl1.:~~I' Llhnl~} If~"I'lInJ: ~'II~Jm~,..· 1!I:.ilL

!'~i··i·'

IILllllul, Wilil pt(;¥ih: villli'~ Q1:

llll,Yll''II

'1n!Jlt'ln'I)', 11-1
1

~~nll'jlSl

1'll~I,li e feliiii1r~ «1111'1 IlW~C1d I' •• l' ~gc.~l~d .(mt:lll:t\ ihDJ.t: [['I ~~II K.: .. lim inilLl 'llliJ .mIJI1'Hnyl il1:ri I!e' T.',t'.1~ I)f £cnl'ilrt1. pe, ~ll~ll:; 'I' lilt Co Iffigljl. 111." ",:1111:1: IIlalf lid jf .~. JIlkiinUli:" ilidi tr;Jicd !hl hI! WI! illll"oil~1 l'Iix,ty 'tc'a .... !Wli~~l'he die~

,*.1

~JilJI;}\""

'fl~ffl

Mr.l.WI~llj

'All tbr Snroi your YI:~, .• htr mtm~"Y.'illT be SuraJh._ I 31Ub less ber ana" lve )'4J 1I u n ~y nt:r, ••• kin g - (If ~wle!l wi'i!, ,O,m!! 'room I'Icgr," Stjr ion fIehiIeW. m!!Qn~,' prll1lre'Md ,~,(ut~h l.ti~ Icml,n1'nl!"f:o;ml. b wbjcb 'an eVC!JiIII be ]U[C'r:pr.eLell ~tf m.e.an "we 'que.en:· The mdtn.!l ,,!ten;· make' it ~leur ~hat Phl'l:rW.h hi:tlI!8~1r wa..o; sam etimcs ,ad ~m;r..s~ecl s ssr: J l a Wrui l:h~ te;rn'1. for 'tl!it!uu::e, lb. Tdmn_;;Dartt. t~~ Hittife pdo usrul in GO,d said 10 A"~m:'
1'!lYClI'Vf~\rt. or'fLl,jl.dtlUmm}',

,ncldrc~in!! A1rIoollQ~p U1.1. The

, I'tll,.ki! fi(W hU.. blwd. liQr l6lmJre i U\i l'llf'lm ,~ypl~IlJll.E~1J'1(iljJJl. 00£1' her cur:. :lI:~ p]~d, ; hu[q;t.' C!'1in, Mu.~-!m

pc

JI'Il.:e tint:" ' kin ...s nf peop~I~'",cuJ.d'~ • !lend l1-ow S~ru:'l! il' ItI

tlm me<J]Lloll1 Q, Me:bJJe!w'king. 'QlUlh~l tim€ lhe'H~b.tt-w· bad Uv,cd in 'ilmnnilie mbiS:. m ;\10& m. plare to place if'! search of fotld. The U'ibut 5l1J~el.y (i•. 1'1 :'Illhu'Ve a ~ng; neil 'c-'t'r,:1:) I;kprilit.I;e:. b~t~wy ~ chit~r.~h~
b0ad of lhe

fill'

-un '"

AhrnbM~ ~ :as !ulq)w!!d 10 ]re&rnl 'fi~U!S,ru:nh ould be,a!i a ~QI'iI,

C:Olttl~1Vj; IhrmJgbom

'P~1
l,iJ

b~L:aWiC@ftlJe'lr 1 !iP~ ti~ ages~parl1;Y becu,L\J!SE\'al'ab had betn ullal:ll

l,ntmnn KeL~,

their mam~llj~e .. LI1 m~L;L'O',oompeJllS6W for hert1iWn. Ii S _h Imd ~vell bilm1her BgypUun mOld H--4ar. by wmtOU'1he

I1l.1d n ,']iOll+ JJ:~~I.

faD.tlwed lb~ ~nHlli:i~r'

ix

son

~'l

Witdl.IIIle:,pflomhle 01

asp ~,

1-

uillI'i. A.

uham

,s0~ond ~,if~ fell the time Will

ap:pmpr]nre m.!:Dnke II ph'!a on bchnJl r {)f Iiis IJDisr~bG'fn, I. ~lmnel, DJI iJi ~o ilJ~ "If 001 bl1;rnacl llouAd'liye under yOW' ble.Rmp:' Ciod, repled~ ·'lu,'but yo..ur "'v'i.fe -~ wu II~ rull -a b'on. and )liCUI",vi II
'~rurn
rOOVeIm.l:l1 for

b-Uc. I. shllll ~til~lli H roy co enrua ",Hh him. :) Wl ~J'asting hi " de: ~ntlllJ]ICl ru1!l3f him. And as fur hmmd. l h:u-ve )Ifill. I hnll·gurel_ b1_ s lodnt; [ sl:ta11 m~ him fitlHf I':a~d.detl)y mctea.ow IIi rnm:tbers:~HerwilJI ~ Ihe fafh f .of tw.e] 'Vcprim:e • and ]'Imll ra i~e:13 .gR.a!.

h.m

f1uil

f'fUm Dim. But my

1~1I ~

wv..enmu ~ sb~

esWbIidt \ ruth l£nue.. \vh m : urah

,1;liY iliII~ . ~!![lIJII~
Il

I Th~ A'mlnl!!
~IN\

~ndi'J:i" (IItllrih:!:~ pf ~~

tlpilli! n ,llle: ru[lJi.IIm lhe.E;yptlillJ dt)' ufl'lll, cl-lilmumb

u~a'fI:hiplll'

WO:_r!l:l~Q .!ifIUinbh:.d

U~ml'~Y m:i~j;'~

=. II~I mbl!:'-l>h~'~tkL'Ii_¢~n~lill1 ~ ~~, dal~ ~l~mbit: ~ dnnl;1JI;t'll~'.II'Ii! IQ!O'eS5. mw' P ellvued dtr=ili ttl .;t dooler In. tilluiti~. 1'( W$ nli ~, 11 V.CVCrI lliii3 ~(l1'1. III pil lu gru ';p lh~ im;J'I(I!1~ !I!'~ th~f:iI1.d, 11m I:llhll!· • ",finen ~11· Ii~'~i~ r.h" 1'rn)~tJrp
L:b.nlllil' • w~~:J! Il!!lI!jly liJlllm
'gil

rnn.:l'Ii'!J'~ -U.f itbe lSighl!!C'lIlli 0- ]lul~1)' rulc:t.J§ or '~:Ypi.

I~

~ "II:." 1'..1/ J\llh1nl'fT T'bllll.f, rC, R. l'lolli!g r nil' ]Jrl n~ r~fr~he lih;,(':· ml!.jll!f filni ~Ilm: dLie.o;. lID' t, ANkall n, AsIId~j(,I. 'GII~1iI niil JBtroll nru reretred I~ Il~ l u I:Mutlw ,rut!l!: [ .rt-'fi II, ,~I I II H ~11111." I!! Imm ihr 'l1m' n !~a~ ~-/'jr, ( 'rh.- it mM of !hi' Old Tt'.l!ffllll('at. r'yrlls It I~IIr!UIII ~ I ~m I ,"\111111.1 1111' fil'" tl1~ ~~im!:~1~!JrCll

''I'iIJ J!?eW y,U Qf 'tbi ' iiii'M nllk~year:' TJ:ll pils..a~ ri:Iajk '. il cl nlrlat Isaac \v-aB 101 be l'ookNll Up.0I1dlS Abmtum;'! '. ttu ,heit. II ~!M Ihro:llgh 111m Lihar du: ~lary 0 1.1. 11.c'bJ'C'\ rrlbe-1i.m'ltlIilll be· !L111Uud ~lnd 1''"111(;)1vol1l1d be "ooIu,of lim; n \

dft!,.. ,~d beT and d~llI;s he poke: 'Veiil~

fsa.J,e.ll1yolJ. UV~'

) ,did illfo.nJl

d'i~e'!

MS(llIYI

Of'

di~ttnd
.Iso

Nile'to, tb~ EllIpluatl't"s. The ori~c... quee,u ijl!. u~q \\Ihich eVerlIDmg, l~ tum!! is: Whtl HIt'I'. 1 It:qpc .~lUI II;!,?' As '. a.mh was ,1m"'" ed ~tJ btll')? A,bli' .1-1mI iIfi.d Pt~llI1l.I.:ib tihu ..;h[:1il~ulJld 1Ul e ~%tJn,geil ,to ci Lln~ru.fLbil1:il. Bow' ';Ii: r. if Ire'w~,; dw,~QltOr Ahmhwn. il iN ~bS L~Ie'to,itilfte any Idm1 iJllogkaf' an-dt hi. toricml sense , rill O.d TcsEalnml' 10liY of J'QSI...,u1 ;lind his family;; it i ,emJ i ulle . nfll Ph~ql;J. ~'prlnec n f;gypL, ~i~teyerylhin d~ rllills ;nm p]at.'C~ , [I is iru~ri1'lg ~r! tbliS I:!cmtt.l!lt d111 ih~TalOOIIJiIJ.I1'l:e lew,:s L1e mmfl'mlbme:ll and illlllrpml!l'lle' wrili 11 Ehmm lookoo tr;plln ,M [1It'l1~ tI1 ~ ill all~ha:riiy .ttl tbe Old 1] lIMQenl. ogges\. llliu. \.... hal:J born. lsa LC, did nm ~no' like

rout kfqgs. w utd rulefmllllhe

SilIJI:lllh' ibeart ".,.'fiS trol1JiCfi fUJ:1lrieftb~ jfl1 . , . _-he ffl Il~ peo.p.ll,i. "I ice' also IB;ook TW'I', Ch'blple:r~I'I~ Tile qLI~sLimili ()f Is;a::l"~ parell~lllgt'! am Ih_ lltrtalen· d' !mGdfic,r;)seems

was giUhered

Ul

h .e

s-~gWt'icDlll,echp ill a dilo1uusslon

tbal rtnok ptac ' l1~nny een-

11I1Ji~ IIUt be~'lI~~f.l Jesu and 'thi;; ltnlls. 'lJitil) i dciscrillad .I'll! lilli Gt'ls.~1 of> t lCllu, (a~l -<i41: t ·~o

11

fh~,ep se.d is'

'm

'~licJc~

Abr;\llim(J~ bMqLWJ.
SMJ'I W1L

'~rll1

rh

I~lty

1l1al AOli'ahuJliI \vlumccl..hl,

]j)

slilnlsmn::., be made
hill'll!,
Sr

1l!DOO

fm'!lldling 'From, ti'! n~t and n~,.... daim. him as Ih iT!!iIlrt. Pm(J. '. tiM j'j; In re' We)" m~J1te· gfe:-il bIUl' a que!. ttl ,I! lil!bl;~h their 'Jlin!>.'" TIle; t1tGnllnL IllIm.lll (JI'ike .a mlracnleas 1ID1i£;

an4 ~ J.h~ p.!~pl

uLd iIb~ .1fitll W

lOr

!he world

dmi,i;[e,d

,~ng: ·H~ure~"OU

WOl'lltltl

,who bIlOU,g,I1'l

d~l1bts, O:bl£mfWI16tJ~.~1' Isaac

WM

o~I.1JalJ)! A:bmham'

S'fl1!IJ

Im.'i'iing- uhe ~'\iIJJl

thai: "illI~lrrt.\lly the lilte.«lTIenl s ~f L'sa~ 's 'oJi$'~ Cilooged 3lil4b~~nne AIir.iham w:tirll~lJI2<'IHhe.~. aliicri~ oue 'Abmhlmlll'li;gi1 l~t:,Al~er Lh- birtb

I'ike

f ~c, we na en ,CW"Iou.· e~~acle \II~':Iere' Alii bWl1 buUd) , an war, plac thl'i bound Is ae l!!~omh ,3nd ls abllliJI!. 10 slaug&rel.li luilll'l ~'iLl1n kl1ik as a sac'Iiru:e: m !'he L~.rclIwilelHI voice CFIIj,IIj'outfl}om '

~ni!'lgtb~ tmn,g" your -wr:t ;1111,11' I}."i.'~' d •• ' ~j' e- UI1CnOI illlegi,tiI1li'~ l1i h1.£.en.· Ibe:y p.m~~fed, 'TIlle 111m])'fllth~ r weiuIve.is OOid Him!\'elC'" sklC'h.llii~8 . V'(m
HI'

[he Je'w •. wliIo !lad believed itim., Je~'IilS "!tid: 'mf ,y,bu h""lcl ~IIJ J;nj Iwbing. you are ~)' my discziples. Then ~,ou. will 10.'11 "' rhtntulh and theIlJIrh wi!! UT YQILI fi1ee,' They M:owi~;mJ hun: 'We 'are A~IDtt~s escend'il.TlEH .lli1'1,a. hn ve ne\;'l.er ,been ~lliA!V~ lOr aJilY'(ijtI:. HibW wn y~;,1t~ 'Si!.Y tJllll \V~ shwU tie ~t.J1;eer. J(fS'Ui'l;I$li~'d: 'j 00:11 ~~(lLl<Il1e , t!¥eryC!le:wflD'&[:ns i t,\' tn ~ I:rmh' to ~n. o,w t a, e h~ fa' pem'\anerrl ,PJru:c in the film 11 ~i~Ul nl_ltq~~~ to it ()I!' ever.. :0 f tbJ 'on sets )IUD tee. y:ou will be CNe.ln~tl. T kne . )'1:J1)l.nt:c Ab-!li.h:!QfI". _.d·e.'i1l;iendan;tS., et you are ffiad'y to kru.~ ~ V ,you have IiO ro,om .0-' my ~, .':!I]l, wmng )10'1,1 'What Dibaoyeseen in the Fatblu"s ~1l00 and ,you do wbalyuiJ hl1 e h~~ (rom yQqr 'th~r.··' ... Allra]'fiirLll i our fnl.hr,' tb~, IDl ·\vere~. YOI1 WGIe Abrmt~ln'S ehilt1bt.n,· • ~d ~:etlus, 'l:II'iell ~a,'u "'' ~u.1.u(It, lhe thlJ:lg~ !hal A;b:raharn did. As ir is. 1m.! oredGt~nnine~· L'ibi nt~~tl ,rum! kin Whll hf,l told you the'tnuh III ·,t be 11eilfd' Tum (Jud. Abraham did n01 do
... I

Ju,=ar.~n: DOI1O! mi
I

~'~llTf

hand·agnin t the bu' :' AJl::lft·

suel hUmllJI ll8.CMC,e!l were DUI ID.:- CU(,.nil ttle ~11~, i'l. e, d ifl1eu ~1110 ~e1w,i!- Iwe II ~Qry if I . 8.:1:1.; woo Iflde:~ ':htnh.mm· A: awn

.,r

mill"

neJ il1:a.t
ell ~Q~

"Jesw said

'to

rh m: 'If G0d were your Fn(her, YOIl\Vit:n!ldlov - m

f r Leame from ('rOd

and n

W,mIl,

here

hav.e nut come

I

mID I1'1Y m n, bur

lh:m:e i 0 In;\rel~II11iW ring. to LIm sfOry. ,I'be Htl"lP:d:I1h. lnelet{~n~~1 pan .of!he almud, Lilal ~11 S of bt'1lbm-II'. hltennoll caused Snnlh~s·deatli,

.QIl. and

AtW [tUng. [0 tll > 'rld;mud, IlID old mao llPpn;mcl1~d Sarab me.ar llru- 1C,1l'[ and lord JtI.~r: "lOlowesl Iho~ 'tJ1;).1 A, f'l'I1Mm has of ~~ up [)1,y J~c W:o lli sa9rifi.~e 1X:1hrn '1ft:! Lord. Aye, dC$Pim hj<rStrU~sJ 'IIII'd ~itl erie..~.lh1 son has been m:ade n '\'jatilI1 lD w~ kll~fe:;TIle grle.t:S1ri ten SW"D.h· 1.':[ f)Ul ttl
seareh ,or AbrruUl,l'u1lt nil lJi.oae. bl!!ll [niled ''Re~ng to her
lelll:fi ItO

H~ sem IV!.? Why 1~ flot my 14'1'.1'1..&1 clell:r tO Y~11 Becanse agi you W"e una.b1e I'b b.~1I \ll;lllfIt I !Jay, 'Vau ,bbl tIIi [0 ;Qnf fil her, Lh~ d!!, yj I. ,:;I'nd, you warn to carry" lit yow: fuHle ',' d . in:'. :He \\,_ ,0 m~llI:dM;:r f'fl,lliQ lhr: h~:gil'l' nil] "".lIot 'boJdillilg to Itle tlfitulh. ~ru- there is Jltil1lrt!lh in bon .. ,'""

Ilnd rhem. Th.e acnm.tnt 'ru'lds;

111M wtlo.

shl:'"w.as mel 'by l11esame old

hm;1 hefoflC

in I~d ,~ n:JcTJTml~u b1" .el as rllellr fath l. (he le<\lI. mmIl! hbroh .m Ibeell'IJS'e' ,ib'i Y(,I$ Ihi! di~Pld:d P'Qit'll~ j,'i clear !tbat rhe Jc\VS hllvl!' 11 C "Ptt.'d in HI: l:r nrgUmerl..t thfJ:L II'ier lIJete It i'il}' ical'ly the tesooE'lII ~)r :I ~ham.ln~'end lbeyru-e-l:Irl &pirilll~.lch1lrJ!Jen at" (Fc:L It ~rru Ith II JL'!iiI~!iis wontle.rm-g alh • '''''Iiil.!~nAbn,1~m ,fli nO!'ldll JBIDJ.~. till;!: , WS
liltl!e,

Flfu:il wl~i)n I ~ Ln!i U,em he is !he: son 11l'~ Cil\ld_Tlnis le¢!l'Ir l1:GfI'ltlO"n beMeen Jesus, arnli Lite-J IN, "appears, 00' hi\· befn m.i.s.ll'.lmrpirCWd as M'I'ti.Semiltie by orne bibfiCim <;bO~B]i" f:n Jac!.." whm J"1LI$ 18 'wJli~ dU:II~ :ili, Ibt:Lt, if th~)lEft.u;st:";: to behave likt.l AbJ;'lmWll1 riley will be
Il1IIl~) kill

tbe f~UOWI;:[s 0: ' !.he IlUl:ro.eI(DI:!l!ri ~rn r all. ,grew to 1iI1,MllI?Q,Cl..eIEook a ';!tile. R~~b, Li e ,S~h iXflll're be:r. !lite 'w~, bC!l:t11.'ij'l\l1 bll~ bllrro'llJ Hrnwc\'GTj fr&il:i.u':-(1:filyWJ1 1.0 1.1\:=

n~vu.

LJrd ·UIll hedwhulr.md·ll OOCOO1,rt:.gMIlL ith u ,Lns. hfj!h boy , Tll~ tirnuo b bUlI'U W'DiS l'ullilmd Rsatl. the 0L'l(m.duoob Y'qwb mean ~~le on:e J
Wll\,) roll

QWs··).·111 II1Q~'tiIl'lrig~ g m;p~,c;t of their ,eorl, lie 'i:; Ii-wu' $ ~'Ule

j,s

,9 hi" bi,.il\~gK. Ttl R:P«jal I'll, ~ in of liw eb:l.cr

ll1eln !.batwe fil1~'repeitCed m IUiailyrubliCltI , wti:e:s, bUt INs iSii:be. onlY ~... e' ,,'hera a birtllU':ig.hl is i'Nl~lUiOf.l.oo, To what eLwtl}, .did 'diDis rig-In ,'!!:Illline Its O\vn.~

The ol11y I~ngic I explunanon would b tire inheritane

We .know'.from th-e sblZY

I ~a:~".

(l\.:'ue.lli tlmt J-tlcab ,di~ 111)1 ~-e~h' ~fl)' ol p,ropmy a"~r hi .. aLbl:)r' deaLh: the o~ly ,H'pparern :alie;mati\\e. tItt :lIicf re, i mal th b~Rht'l18bl tbat;Jil'a.. =d f1i6:Ql1l!MU. the elder win. to J.nm.h. d'te. yOtm:Ber. "l'WJS tile pr,:rnuel,y, itue bel,£!ngi~l[! til L!reir ;sr1litr. Suo 11sale or ttn·fiIS'fer biJl'lhrl, hl i-s po"Ssibl OIDly ina society thEi

of pn;q:lI:rly et title,

u~r~

, .IJe~

l ~oll'-tde:Jl' primDlwinne !; tI1~. fOQI~ ci~fi'on 'for·dBIerm.mn.ii:tlg l'b~riWIl.. . nmll ihe Ntm ulbl~),l_ ,liIel11l'i1n~ltH,lc dnn 'L1ti'ntlr ~kriill \vere e ~mc;lilll u eel hi bibmi..:~ !limes. U2i WWi U1,i> Mel "!1L'cil¥ .in ll:ol11i1easi
iii
r

!rug ill W ~e5$.'1I.I !ilt.e lQ.f Y()~M 'Tcpl!-.n~!rt Lilt rool:b..iiIs Q "seuthern Kurdi.sro_l1 and! _boOi five Wli'les S{(ll'l~hwes~ 0 .!\IT:IIpk.h~tnmdemlGl"lruk .

..en: <ttio.ns b ~goo at Nl!11Ji in 1925 ·and -annn ~Ed fur s i~ .yean; uo 1er tile jeint .ill! ~i~~ of 'l'b.eA:r~eric~el~l.1al ~f Orie~t~ lt~-c~h. HDh'!'!J'cl
nivGrS:lt)', and to lJ.niy.erd!y Mu e;wn,ofP~nm.~Li.'al'iaJ.-More rJl:an f"mu moosand tablet, wri11l:l11 dOllutlu~n:ts: trnm .t:lllbtili: and ,ri'\1arc 3'1'rih'i.vt; . wem eMd ·,and fliriC tu:I\V m tk OrieilM mliUlIle' o~ thie Uuivei;Sj[y
of Chic~!1J and, the
I

Ho.l'Vnr.d S.~roilic Museum. Oue of wese doeumems

Dill.'I:enwa:moo wh", .mer '1\<1\':¢hildr-C:f11Ui1!!II ~!!rlfmlJh1l::.un,[I:1iI in J\hwm.n,'

as i!li!r;j\!tJlc~ I~ !be. Old: ~1lUiI1l!nl 'l'!Iuy. be simp!. _n 1!X:~~ru. 'JWt scriptuml wn ' '"'~ ~l).g ,.~a! 1Jf!1 t1m.~"\'Yll~ ~rly JJ;I..-mggc \\Ill," th!:'Jlonu. :J ·wrl hn<ll been '!'llrel"l. .. I-ind' ~ bdorc • MID:'.1Itt1chfl~l~ oAe. )'~. fol' e~l'c!. ,is 1h0lJ.l!lIl.'M II \'C [1!:C.oIll.i)' ,abrnilgbl WJ~1I1 . rlleuhoOOp III niOlll !lcr: i~·Urnr~ -RIJf:d tll1.' 11"" '·1'III'! Muhnmmad married l1.inl:-¥m..gl~-gjlrl' 'hellihe bjm5cl wn.~flTty,

story

11."

' ' '1011

wnr",. all'"

CGfi!!Cr1\.

a IIHln whu tiao" :fefIit.'tI ,ttl Jfi~hHi la m ' br th~ ["Or lli~e I ce-p. ILA MS'in,g. it i_ rJEl:h nOM.;:" ,lJ;iM 11't~ Nuzi wibl' {I too, mite 1:1clear I dlat Abram W~ pt~bQbl')l not lying whO he int'toduO:e'd Sami WI llito:!¥1 Rlr on their w'nval' ill Hgypl:. TiOO wire-shlte,,' mffintiollship \ .Iit.'i :very rare Olu:Bidc gf Emt in Ilf.Ici,Cllt tim .buube: oz.ii,. CiJmWll h til l itHbe HUman ()cict.y. (I wbi(;~ 11 LII Ml!izl~cl HW'1~JlWe(E. Pwt.·;1l wffe"1bl'ell' j\u:tIdn.1 ~t'I. U!ji,l~l5t d wl~.b~ ~ woman, in additiol'liIto be'ttl<mlllg 3!'Man"-s wiife. W8.C; utlopletl by him &.'1: D i Let. III stich L:'ill'\CR. twu .. pmlrc docnmeJl'(s \'iiNe
I

l[hal AI.!r !l:tner ~e'.i'l:i 'bd m ~he¢; if thou de.'ii:regllth~ pmm.sed pes '0S.io-n" ,1tW ~alld •.• ·mke II nq L1J,i Ii ,oilier ·weaitt. sholl be' l:Iil.41e: IJf i thou deJ) inl-si lt1.e'~~'V'D·pgl!tiaR.'t.,~ it Hs ·i. 'hrp~e:msilrll! i~, d)), eyes.•aorl ~l,e 'kti';cl •• , Sti!l1i ~ b 'tlie: s.1uI:m for mt. anti mine."

"Befure &all reJ\'llied And mada: hl . 110ioo. he ~ou.ght _ ebaJoUil.. lhe S'Qn gf Ishm I', w,h\1 was-in foot a;:ou~~Izy •.and ,1l.!lJ<ced Id~ i~ as It1I Lim ad S}e1~~:kl~1 "el!i,inlb IlJUwe'lic4. 4B.~,hoW~ ~ 'CQ~le8 w·e ~lf.a'W ti.vhl'f! in N ~
the limd ofl;l:.1: ilin! S.OLy~:l1 [Uit:lm!1tL il j·s,th_·irg;; I,el Jacgb

believe:

that

dmwn 'up.

OIli.

for I:nnrri~le and ltI otJ~ r~.

si len;,~p, and the

WQ<lUWl

ccncerned meritedllili.gherr swill] staru .~mJ grea ar pri il~ges than mil ami;l'l:ary 'wi e.' I n.ow :r,B~Um[~ Ih~ ~tl1ry ¢ AhralUll'il'!1 d~~!1dJ1l!f1I1S. As J 'ug,g,~li~:dmu'iliri:r. lb~ pne\! Bs'!li!.l p~plcd ~r tJi'i !pidllliglu-''a ~ of pounge~~-is .DWoJ;. ued Wi all k.Hr~ati n Ih t [ll!c did nJ)1 lm!;i
va'rue·l1ti birii;hrit!bl v,e,l) mmhl)'.
0"
I'll' Cl1f1l!10t

be may iPberit it !(:'Jme da.y~ [~tIl U it. • ubSl1Il1l1c. m .. personall w~ jlrh of til)" filth r.' EJm1] rnllowed this: adjce. 'Wld tnkin the p:en:unnl ubb~ @l1l'fe 1.n:!.::-d.b.(c h IS ,pamoFli I:1he h:m.d , • • from unIO:i[h~g«D,l river. 'lbe fivt:'I' ~u]lltmt~ ... "1
~W1~
1 (

'LI\1c ri!jI'ell' er Eg.)~Pl

have been easy

1M";e!

mer Imn

The I .' f hm hirnhd~ht. fdl1 !\lire([ liy a sub,equem djl!.,..~gra lfU In l:)v~lheir lnrfler's ble"ing, rn.nldml, \' lth .. au, Vi:'~D' t: enH~,idlly Ihf~ lc:m~~·
Eo kill Ja~ob. :Wlnm rheir Ji:TIJOthCfhlllll1t1
'Il'f

lacob~: l.eadiltlg.a ~'mple ~rlm:!l.~'f life .'irid':ttb.eiLr f'Iloob,. ~ be1'U~ me promi'e,& made ~o Altrntl~n1 aina Itt'nh th~ one ill ~ weir ,~e:s,ee'fidin:'LtS 'Ii\' ' U;ltI ru~. ,Dver a ,'. l k.l1l. om, 'Vi l QNIt"', rwoo it ~pls .ikely f'lf m U,e OU! fe' tm11t):l1' Jac:l)bl \vauJd h ve had More fruth in dUrfullIimenl of Ij]'e l'lil-mniB~' at tS.ome IimlmowII titn:1Jc ill me fllilUrB. 't·e kn~l\ &orn It-b.e .B.ook uf Gt}n~~ij5 'lJt:..:t mh' two br'utllicr._ bad v.ltl!lly (tUfenm! (.l:~nllU(!le-i&. ~I,l as " !ikillfu1 hunter. Q! mall' of llhe open ~ .llUILry"': in ,wn~L. lfu»h. Ii' tllc 5 l1A J ",eph WlilJl'wciuld be bern f(!lIiUl1. 'saeml! to ·Ils e. beel"
mom or 0 t:ifUl!l,mCli, "Il ~u~:ei. WI!)IIl, ~1:ayii.nSUi~al1ig th~ 1Jeni:B;'

,I.h~ ,uJrem

tle
In

)~tiJI

for )aCIZlIill w~dI

metl. my

told him:

"'Yollur bro'llllel' Esau is 'threalf!lllli1iil1

In kif] ytlU, Now

1'00al 11'1'e ~ m~ brothel" Laban bm for a w'Me llJ:!til y !J( broth r's,3Jllgercoob,"

n.. d

'W'1.,~E say.

Haran, Stay l, iUl

lueeb tool( he(.D,d¥io~ and ila-ei1loltlH~1\.geln'0rl·m\ ,~~om.e tm'JllIdt! U'ltt:lr.: wbenr :~e9 rri veil m H~, 1\ft'Gr hu.l1m.illbel.'D tbc:iilffor a montb. I~: Qrld '~Q lhirn! "luIL .eeause J u·.are 11k1nsmatI, wby sl:lJ.ouJd' eu. wptk fur ilil for I1Gillm.g1 ']';~n what ycur wages l'lhQoIIIJ 00.... In the holt Dime he IIDiI been U~I!

Once tllftid •. ,the Ti(jmud: otters· 'ullrrnn:ru.i!iYf:lr: 'Then I~_! l:Uitd, ani.!
Jaeob aad bQtIy m 'u wep togeUmr fur rh Ir 'father's de mise ..The)' carried his

tfut ~'Vc of MactJpelah. ,wlilidll in Hebnn, -nd a~lUte kil1lFi of C.an~9!n·£uUuwc,di with t~~ Influ.mers in tli~Alill nd tn!iIl ~rrsam ... I[salle
be[J~emthCd hl~· C3LtI~ Mcl nU h~ p $~ ion!i iii hi lw,L'J B '1m l'tid Illen I J~ nh: 'S·d!pld •.this whihur falhct' 11Jjtsh~n lbtu1m b· dhJided [liS i.nto lWO portions; 1D.!'!1l I will ~ lOCI my £ho.re.· Jncab dividiMl !If I his

am 11J!l.mn.,3a~1J1tI ~DtI. Idre_ cl~ !iill,efll in love with. hls CO'US~I'l, Rachel. L<lbtm,·s. t1l'antiful ",(Ulllg.e;i' d.aru.~h.r:,Md ~le' grow 10 w'~lfk E 'r illS: m'mcl'8 ror' _"!U!1 }100t.!i in rctam for her btnul ill mllr:ri~ge. ILIth~e.ittl -af W ~V!31 yellr!s. bow~ "vel'. LabUI1 gave Jacob bi1l:. el.der' !:llaughEfiLrult. e plainlng; 'all i !11 ' our
I

on ".

dalllglullir im mOllmnge' b0 ore iJlie eLd!l!J: one. fil1~~! nul' Onj,' wU,lgful:r"'. SClIlt':IiiI-dar bl'idUl ~L; Wen ,we bailll gi;~'0)'01l the: ,ungw- .ne m;. w~lJ.in feW,mor lU) liller v~o y;eats work.'"
'U!\OOnfI

fQ

8i1,{~ the: ymmger

fatb~r~

pils:aesSioo'S "in.w twli! pOmDI!l;lil ig llh~p~iI1Ci3 of E.llt'l Md bi5. sons, mid th~1'l -a(ldre$ing ·h1.. brother, mrl.d: •• , . BehQ,ld.. the God of MOO!y~nBnd EW1l1 ~pi'lk umo, oull McC!is'~(ltt.· Alln"allmn and [·aac.. saying, 'Unte tlI)' seed \ ill [giv~ I.lrJi:s land. '. lm ev~lrutiQ_l;'!. pnR~·don ..Now HH

lncoi.t, ecep.~~ lb!! Om!ll~. Afrur- i.he[r,n:mniage:. Racb~11 hb0, pro" d ttl, be b~ITim., b~1tin t!lf;l ecunsc' of'the year, Jae(b (atheret:me1!v,en cbild're'o..~~UtllS I:Iifl'tl iCI tlaugmner byLe:.1h. tw6 SQns by 'RaOJII~[I. maid, Bi1.I.mh. and i
11\\'('1' mo'

III II

un •

.us by venDI.

.koh' maid, ZHp'.lh. A,l IIast ~dlel.

JU.

b.is

nnn'lo¥'e..

gftVC

They rulmt:d Ihim JMr!ph.

aFnmyal~ds.h,oo~ [d~~d.Ed!~l';reWro m hi~ IlClIll~liand. [CI.rJ},!I!RIl. O~tI1;e ,w,ay(.l1e; l1ad a m..r~U~O!Jl$i e~~~unl.erWith a llLn:iil&er •. whq \\:I1':e:.<;Hoo
.~11!,

'with ltim

'au

1lIhl$ll.t;[I,']]d.wb~n ll1,e'SltUggl~

\'!I,ns tr~:(ln)' b!),ll~

Ci!!~.' III

day-

break, ~d~ ·'Y~u.r iiUlMe w1U ~o lQl:Igel' be Jasab, bm hl<I€:l, beJo.:}ure you l1ave5[lrus~1t?.dw~LirJ God ~d ,\\. menl au:ntwve ~OIi.l:ed/· n,e,m is a .drh mys.~ii!'U ~1~mJI"t '·<W_(),ul~his. p~gt, In,ill its s~gnffi.t!!i'Ll ilU~[:)~L is tbe e~:lIDgw!!! of lHC'O~':i' 1l:lWl1: !", i~L ~e "Re-biew ~@irffl tI is the sl'l~Jl rt;!,.", of Eit!.1b!'iitm{<Jed} ru:!~1J'srn OF ·tfJll' II1~ieM~ n m'liiil1t>ef or a ·roler. 'f;..:r,at!
me.'l;rlt,j .Inai~ii'lilWJe~ (Ph-aMnh"
hCQb'!I;nt!w
tM, W$.

nsme ll~~J1ifore .COll.l1ileClled his gJ'Md lli"Io:W~r.Sm:cU.i:--;'J,ot!j ~ WI;: tlliw;nge 't9QkpIQo~ j !.lSI ru1l!I' th~ birth, Qf J[[lMrn;nh,j4!;oo'b '!'nust h~ve ~~l!I:~n ill Ma ~iM1Ih.JiI n'l~rle\v~y~ItI~}1i!I'!b,!b} wns tn~f;aghi'Iil:I'1 h~iI'~

loo~d 1I.IptI!!"I as a mlin.s sod). him ootbl wi~bl R.uyu:Jty url l1il'lth

The

HC,QiJli1ll(

Q'

11;!1e: cJIJ<lmlBC U[1 J3c.ob·s

nll.llTl1~

OOCUl'S tn

CI~pte:.r ~2: €If dir!latel',\\tt~lI

"8QiJk

,!Uif. Gel1;esm~ t!r,e st~U"y or

JIHlll:p'h OOgins, five chaptess

he i"$ ~I,wel1l~@111~ ,of f,tgt, ,md io~cu[Jit;:8··\lirb.!:aUy aU Wie ~mllilldel' ef 1111:: BGtlk. luoob. ,we allri 1[~~i:l.1veiiJ J QScpll, mltire dl~ h~ l0:i.'~· ,alFl.)t ~tf hi~,flid~e.r e ISOIi'linlIlid .nm.dc' aJicltly u,mamlarul@~ rlllre .f~ir 111m. HJs. h!llf~bl'OlhefS lti!l.ed Joseph b~aus1N:I.f this ·tavorciti&m.1H'!'d n[l}l~'bl.lled bjm -even mare whelnhe ~Ia.t~d ~I drelm.O~:hnd[ b!~d. '·W.e,were, lJiIDdj:ll~ shelll.\."lM!Df:co,r~! ilii lh~ l'ie:kl W~le11suclcl e ~ W my :-.11~f rose i:I ~cl!ntmd uprlg,!ll. w1hiJe Y0!lr'sj'l~ve:s '~~h'"
,en!.,•.ll"Uu"d mill~t!iujl bowed low- to it." h~ ,C~p~,lI,ml!.d.

da.y yeu \'11m [\)l)d ~U.)lnv'!H (M'l" ILi'.I~IDlm br,ril~.u:n. .~k'k-d. Then JM~ph I~ad a sr2cmnd l1mam. wlllefu Dlere!med ~o hi~ rnllher as we II. ~ hJi1& brul'her.~; ~1 had ;aMt:het tb:um. !HId ilb,is 'thm e [the sun, tile. moon amll dC'it"fl!lTl $1&:.5 ~~re be,wlng d'OW~!~' I11t." b.serv~ t~&~illt1!;! boo~'
"Do,
,Y'(lll

Lhin~.

oUe!

jl:l!IIOll&y .. :.till!) J~b

rebuked Josel?l~. s.::I!yil1.g: "W~m j!> t1~i!i ,~Em'I )i'd~I'S!! MaHit ~;oliir mnllLt:lT 1UId. r mui >tour brother~.Colne3iid. bQw do~ the gr1mJ.[ld before YQu",'" YClOO mit ]lor f0t'gel '!i'ij!,Lw Jo~ph h~ ;!initl.

Df
1;1),

"nH: Clll'ly s:tories of ~I~ piltduroh.'J> Wleft Iri:~pt ilJIivc ~n Ilhe msn1l:Clr1 ~~f Ill.:!)rt!\\ g~m::rnlitll1~. JQS~r!'1iht,!:. bJ'GtiliISl'!JI.Im[ \:.h.:~fOte. ha),'~boom.awa:re oJ tin: hirlhii~tll l~~lr rfl'h~ii'I~adht'lu!l1~I'l'lllnu~le:u' IlI.l'Ide. Er>aLl~ ...:vetl if aQd 111M,. Idll. dill i11.1l l'CoJiUy b!.:L:it'rli'lll.ihllt~!meM~r· ,~r the fam'n;Jy w~d rille
une
lilly !l'li~lIlhi! lund
Il',\l:II(t.:d

I~mwl!el! 11mNlhf~Ulcl E1!..lphm[c~. mliJs:~ v.e further ~ th <ir hlhJ:ti'~ fiworable treatment of JOImphl om 1I1~gi101~uCl~l1:tat
,r![!I,~d

II "I1~J.lJI!~"ll~·111 !'Ill' hn'itl\iI'iijhl '1'10'1.110 ~~I:ng

nn lol:1im..

J,9$eph w~ ~t ,httme\lllfl!!:h1 f3\herrme day ~vMII1:, ~11.e: hm1ilers 'wr.,re. ~;u PIJ(":$,~·lY ~.Ill1g U~eili :;h ~gp tletr Slu~t:'ham. ~;:lOOJ).~[d 1,0hirat 'iQl,llmd .s~. if,aH ~ wem ~'.1l1IJI:Q~rbllUtlllOOi ~(td \.Vim !he heep. !md brillg wru'd back ~ m~.:· J '*i~ seLof'f, bl.Lt till ard"iti;g ·.at: S,1l.ed)lII'Il ootdd find n6

of tli brothers at1.d l[h~i!F shu~, A. !'i:tEW1J:!:~r ~ald 11111r:J.!· "'lJJ~ h~\'e moved 9.JJ' fmm ht:!llll. ~ 1I~tt:d ~lt~m 'lilly: ·Lt:it's,~ d!Qwll UQ ll!';liliiilJl.. '" lQ~e'Ph we~~ llJicr ~'cm .urid, \\'I~e~ ibeysaw hi m !.!.:pp!i~i!thihg- n L1.1ed~ ~ ~
traee tum.ce. Ulf>y ~!.Ii!dI ~O'~ciiC~HRJjC.F: "H!l'l'r't:0meSIJ.~flt dr:'emllei;.l.!]i,.~~ i-iiU him ;!Ind Ihrow him into one 0:1" l1'1.e...~e ]\'litIs, m:td uyLhat a wUcl ani.t!1llll: &eyO'Wltd h.iJ[J, 'fltum we',n see what OOJ1"W11 ef his dreams." R~'llbem, th~ I2ldeslof th~ broili~. pro'1i~e(j, f"L.f1 '!f> nor tn:k:~l!:'Ii . U(e,," l~ s!ilid. '·Of,ln::tshcid aJJI,y;bllilnd:' Wlil'.~ Ja!)~I'1~arr~"idl (HI, [he ;;;C"~e,the IU<OU1~~!'illrllilP~d hilil 'O'f .Ilii!l, ri,t:~ly Omnll1iO:I1[!lU mb(;l"-lm:l'd, fi'iiW\v' ~1~ lnilo
lJib.It'rtr~ly

rii~l ~Br\lMl n,fl~' e:rntmsfc\l '10 ~~is~./1{iI.i' eVJMytl\ing, ne:'Q~ii'u~d•. lioWelwer, I.~~~:P~ was fU::i:!I!lnW effic.iert~, hijll1¥.Bl1d~~:OJle:-" and a'fulr il wl'rulle F!iJjtip1W"~ ~fik m~ .. mNla of h:1m ,WId Sill'-ll: "GQm(: ~n ,bedWi~:~hme;."· Jus~ph rej~G[ed him jJl1'l~m.J:l.o.& ·'TI:dnk.of my mil!";;:;;tt:rr,," be tOld ]:u;:·r. ""W"iul me In cb~rG".I:1e de~s ll!f:I~ ~~Jlpgmoh1mself 'wi [hi IlRythLin g. in Lml,z hIDiIlI:se~ e'V~Ih~f1,g,~he ~Ui b~'h~ .~:alruB!;C.~' mf I;t.~. No ,[1mB:is. gm.11~ iJ] this to . h~o.~e 1,~tJM I a~ My mn..'~de-I! w~lh:I:lettd (loUliing fl'QJU tnl1:' U~I!]}:I Oj,l, Ill!!! Y U1ijn II!)~
t!.
SiH

bccuUl>t:l' yol1.l ~ hI":" wife. ~aJJng~ €i:~.JJt"

f.[!J)\V '11lI~11 ~o;I,1W 1111

!llU;fu UI wid.cd

ihmg !)Iiuil

B·v~TI~il.llllJY;I.kI,UiIiC ~i.lm~. {II fI~rWilen ~!: flil!;l ncl h hll~.ii:!U ,l:I.IOrllll: th-e ,l1qusa with !tel, She c:augil!! him Ib,y u~~j,11Qatmld rfcn~oo ~g:abl: ··€.nltlll.'l nl1d1 'He
Wttll me," Ibut Jos~ph ~ti11 :m~U&ed unr;[ rnn !)ltl,

-P:Q'tipbar·os.. wife ~.s·lill,l)t pJ;ej;lillr.w:I 10 t..ak~ no Llnu:Cd ro ~fllDi:ilt In.s~ph I ~ (,Ilk~ h~1f ro Ind ~d

for

fill M~'w:-er.

She: GtI]]w

h~,.COIJLl~l'lu~dM

rofu-!'J~

pll~:CQ.1re:d It.ina dwwn ~n eUl l]}el1"·.f:l~ea the l!lt.i miUe< ~t!'tiCmne I. IlIflhe: !ii'tbJ:li~i~11 does 11m:S;C~1lIl have been ilIccddled IlIl:tilllo1ler.Wihci} U;re.y to looked. up riJ\t'Id:SiJiW;{J ,",m:Vllil o,r LsfuJ(I.;I;elite.s, their 1~l!.me1~.1~~Jli 101lh'h
sp,icJ:;s. !b$

or

.hciscloak

.f,!

her ,bm::ld. 'F.WI1 rdU(J~vOO: wbm we

J]l'Ul_Y

lI\!i.\ ooU'~i!!iw'ill,g a£I.S.lUfW ,\1!'llS I'Inf tnre

Mid. mYl1"I~T \\fl.~i("~J:t m~~{ig

nn.t. and (l¢~ni!)'

W,!ll mall!, S!;OIlfieQJ.

was

UQlt (b~ liilS:t. cas~

of m1i'.en;g~IfuJ b~~~avm:r b,Y!l

th~i.r ujl W

dt)\o\fJ'll 'LQ EiID'lifl !~ u

lnId0mi Sr'l,i 0 n, J(l4;iI. (he fe.HlrW tirOlhet. s-nil.l to the 10Ui~n<i: '~Wl\Jml~<;ltnlJl: \vt gain if we 'kilt I "OUr' brother nn~(lonee;td I~'i!l, eedf]' Why mGt sen birm. to ~be d
~!JlutJlll1e.ijt~smJd ,~WI'I "ft~h 1'lI!l:!'1 oprltlonnds Qn ~ay l'L1~mtltl,f

.m.oo.; .;ffieor a~l. be.iwonbMliler.

~Uf

netJ~w ~ll,lv~Y<l'tl

F'otl:P.Jif{ars wif'C ~oh~ h~iiolher s·nWl,lIi. ~hciil J'\ll;i~~ll had i!lltfl~kildl .1i h and 1i~d tun eut of Ihil ho:u!ie wfuco ·fcI1~e.!lc ~~mud.Silk!! !cUPitiiil~ ·ehn.iltt uLi ( ~Iili;ll~ted tae s~me sm:r:y [0 I~etr hfU.s~1I'Id wheliil he ;Uti'll&! b:Olne: '"null
bro).l~t

tll~ ~ircl~e:rs, itJ.lru\ frmn R~IlI~~, wilt'! w~, rntn'prt"lie:ir11 mlwm 'p~i~e ml)mIM'II. agli\.~:i1I.TI't~p\JUraill JMttph ~. 'ilf llle. pH ~l1Id ~~J.r~hin.'1 to ~'f~iC' ete.hants ~nr twenty s]~k.eL"!i'(If &IlVUf. m , r..'Wlnll ew:J 1:.:do. Il[JW r 'll~lllbo'n: 'I,~neJl trererumed W"lId found. that JQi~h ,was m~s8CilJlg. 11'1~ 'lleltJieuiJ[!l!l,g' bi'Oth~l$, were .~~ m (IlL': sUuation. 'flney sl"ltlg;hf~J;ed u goo, tlI1d! dipped JOSt!pl1'~roh~ irJ Ihc. i!irrlrni8i~'!cs hilXl'd bt}fo~ t:I king: .i I l~fII'!'!eto J itC~bI. "(1~1il cgm~ 11. "' L 1s ;[ly sQ,r{S I\OIiC',," ~ he ~u:i:d.. ";30ltiilJ wild b'l!:a.o;I. ~ d~ "CUJ I1tdI [,00., Joseph 11M snrel)l b.ee~ 10.;111~ 1:(1]l!i~~:' J~®~ WCipr fmt Lh~ hesIJ.I!JiV~d. SOQl wJi;~~l:!l:Jtn.'~\'VIll. M,~.iJn. W{JS

WJ:dblooo."

us ,'(':;almG 1£.0 nll,!: lu. mu~u. a IEl10c:kGrYio:f me. bnt ;!i!i !'In'~:n ~ I !W:I!'eMllt.d rl,~f' h~lp ,11Q[eft:1:ri5 dll1Ak im~ Il~Y hfll~d md Mm' rnlIl :lif
"10 ti'tll;lse_" P('):fjjp~ar..wM

_«I.

Ila:lleved her.

ww>

IUlll.l!ero!Wlcl!R~)J.l(!tl'u'ur,<lg.ro .and

P:fo:lt~p:Ll:y i·nC:llme;rnl:~. J'(5!1C;phI~ the Jiiiil WCUI~keIP'I.

\\'Ller.!):

~U LI'I~'kil!'!g'f>
wml

IilriOOI~fT8

J'l~11
IIhlJ~ ILlhul

pm!t~ed Sll;;:~l .t!. ]j~Qd~l ,prii!iUD~Jr liIal he

lUJQnt rurmimg
I

me

Inlilrrud HifMorof

Lihe' ~"Ol P

trrLl'd:l ru!- b:e h;:lcl run Irotiphoi 811OlIl1.e.. 1t wtlti

lJn hjsw~)'

to IlSypL

wli'ell~ :L.h~l:~·h.'itIHl..e,j.ite

flil~m.:tuuuSc
~I!I

~!XI hii'lU

~l)

l?'01,ip'hll[.Q"n~of Pl~11' s M1lcil!:ms, ~. l:aptain of lli!!l Cbuprel" 3i of LIfe Ihl,ok 8,- Gen~ i.~dle"'(ll~d
J\Jdoo~"m~ge

R:lIL

II,) ah ;lCC0Un.I'

N'

P'"Wnul~:.s ~I~ir:r CUpMHMr' ~ilI chi"r baker wJ1~' they l~ Lh~ kjq:; .;fUllJ fo:Ol~tl ,l.h~~1ti~a'V·g~ hl(;}red IUp in Il.hiJ $.lim!} pnsau. Aft~ m~ Jmd ~e-n Ithere· FG.f Dml?: ,lime, ~af'h had a. tlfstutli"i:ng drogm. Thc.:r .look.ed dej,ectl:!cl' wll.ein J08~ph Game l!poolliem L'he .ru:u luom:.ing. "'V!ty d~)Ilol!lioalo;..!.'"O dUWl!\;'i'Ui.t.,lOOlIy.?,' he i]:.\lked. "We p{)lh had dl~~. bUll Ut~re i~, ng o~ I,p inlenp'itt hltc:m," they
he
lind.

g...l:IV nffl!.rme

.rnld lbe'~wtlL" ~at led It'! nle r'l"lii;nclIngt1:Frl1eMess,l;~nk

co'tfllu iI!I! t.
.. ll!,:cp!, I
illII!li":\:\,I~.rru1:

nne of Kil'lC Oil .rd.1I!JuL ~~itll~ r~M COOpIf.l.1" we ~ hQck wrub ,JO!!!.lph 111 E~p[ ,",vtiere. o,t tlw SfllU1. DV'e~iJlg WCI~[ wiJl MIl!! bDim.l?oIIJll~mr Il~ulld

·'Due.,;; lth')l i!'1llr!!rpremti'f'll'!I.re1efil!?i

["Q

God?

Ten

woe

~.n~1I ~1'IV'lllll"',"

11IDW,a viipeirl FrO'n'lof"mec. :md 1111 the 'vi:ne\~c~ ~bte'S:,bml1;lhcs.. ,As $~~as' it buClcletl, i,ll>lI::li!i;~omG"d. !~d il8 d,dslcrs riJlelFletl. hn~ grnpes. J l1~d PWuu"[l,oh's!iiU;P in ~ny hla1l4. a.fWI ] tG'OK I~e gfQ~. squreeuti Ih,em.lm!~o Pb."I1ll.b.l:!!·S. ,up ~ pm.iJm !i<Up1m
s:aj'~:"f.i!fnY'd~~n:t

n~~ e;h1«f,(illip~ark

~p[~n~~~ "1 ~e'hud n ~..f~am,M1d.lJlo ,~ne",;lJ'lI iniIJerpl,'e[ it. '11:law-'I[eat'd

~I':iiai,cll,hat y6llQi!1J ulf1d~l'.lu~~,mtId Cib'ill{;)tdb rL Ibm Guu ..~tl JiO!lieph tep1il!d. "1m roy 'U~:m ~ W,IlS. smm!lng.
11v1:(

in~~"ij!ll ~lS,,,·

'lor

giv~l ~~i\l.I1l,Qh EiJlS.W~ he deS~." P m~

~1lL

li:i.s I:umd~"

the oooli'.,'O(I"I113 i'iJj~e\vlien (lUI af tie

&fEi;jl)a{J anumg

"Thi~ is w~m:t.. i~m~uu!i:' Jo,$C.Phi.. nlln., "T~ 'Ihr'C,c~:u,1f~,e~s ~.iI]d' ,~ t1tJ:c,c day.s. Widil.ijjj tlm=,e' t,layS! fl'tlilJlll ..~11:.. l'w::le ylii,ur, tl(,\!:lcl :IIIltl ~hl!le )'0\1 ,~0YGW"'l1Idsltian • .l!;~1:dO'uwiJl Fill FJlrrurnol{!;: CU~ in lMS l1I'ilndi. ju~; <l,S y 1'ou used ttl dln'wh~, .yOIll \~ettl:' t:ii"Cllp~~:a:J1er.B,1!!t whon ,i1<U In~s well ~1tl1!

vm

Utm eum~ ~e\!too "OO\VS;, fat allcl" .:s;~e~k-;: nnd~hey

'PilUl.r:aoi'tWiIl,lit
0m.

11~.

)(rl::lU,

"rememb!:l'f meand

:show

1][10

k~ndrle-.'1s;;Ihringlmy

case 10 P~b~lao~":l

·'Ai ii:~t dJ~ro tl!Pp~.d .;sev~nQ.thJ;;r Ui:lD''tI:'!>.".e~wn,:ynn cl ;u:erJ gmum lind t_. nlt.We Jil:;:m, gaM'1 'm"Y..i*I~ ~lprl.;te: ·e...e.l1 fillit OIleS: BlJj~even.~fle~ tlie;.y ate I[]]~ 11lI'l1!a OGls. COLlld ta1JIl ~hfl!lI he)' :bl}d dQWle S"Q~ Ih~}" k)@.ted Hi ,OllMrt II~ b"f:'foro, III Jill}" dlr~anu; Im!!U Si!J:'iW 1!C!l!,\C'n~ Q.i"
re~."

lil!ir£ic£and g::et m~ ,QU't ,,,,1lli~s ,ri~",n. Foll' 1 Wl!:l'l fum Ibb ~'e!1. off fwlP\l th~ };nal1l flf ~b,J'ews. Mdlev~ h@.l't 1 l:moJ"e dle;na:: Inl1ming to I.1IBS\en:"i3:

rue

.~~,

full rIll'ld' .gooa., GlQ'WiH~ 01.1 siln,glre slu~k. .AfLW (h.~ 'Ii!

!ii;~~

'o:rber

Illej i1l~ pur 11'1, tlis dl1lJl,g,e(,U1..~l r

'rh"!,;:ch~f lIitlk.erlhQ:n re~o\l'I:u~tl ~is tJt:~: "011 rot ]~ud \'Vt= l.f:Jree ~askiJ;tf.'S.·trl~w:rute l~J_t1. 'm !he mpl brulker-wc!IiI all ki~d~ of llakBdgoodiS fur

I1ld, wtdi '~futnmlJd IJI'lghwd by IWe. <lSlwind. Th& ubi n e e'.afs SW.;1] l'owlM' !;!;~ IJl,g !)Q;VIiTl g~,{\d'ws:. f t!l)ld th k~ w,c ,lntlgi~rtJlI!;~ !lUI 1/1' rl'1;)&~ c!!'fuld eitp~run II [0 .1J;1.ll..~1
(;:a:t'!i: -8j~mutlf~iltll~~

P~(I~l,.J:nlr1lhe'bin1'i

w.e)'e eating 'them

Io.'«!ph"s ill(erprnUUi(1tll tli1is .&eC~rld less elile,()~mg,. ''''Th,jiS is, ~h'l.!t II m:uan;#," he,~~ii~. ''ll~e. IreG biIs'kclS:&'C: l!I!I:JiC~~lay~.Within W Iilu:ce d:i:;Jffi Plc:irm.oll 'will bel~e-t:d YOli .:1:111:1 1:i;[lJ]f.' Stol.l(.b'ooy 0(1 a 1i1ee. A'!ii!d

or

oortnfm~ baste-loo

lureu.m \"'~

rrl)

heatl··

"The dreru;~1i of Plruu":aoh 1lJ'il'l<'l[)m:ea~d ,Iih~!oiame.." Joseph tGlil1ll1e.~.mg. " "(iPd h~~ mkJ.'Pb~1iaQb h.~t 'he irS abm;.n IO·clu·. The "S~~~11 g.mn1 cows ~ w se~'~fa! e.iiI'~. ~l11id Ihe eyeJQ !Wod:.~ y It.lf corn ·tIlfil se'\i'el"l ytk'tn!. l'he seveli' l~l'l!~ gaiUlll CoW . ,are's~'V~!1I yooJf;'. lnd ~,~ ~ ii,c. wortllles~;~1L~!;J r ~am bHglnod by !~~ e:t~1wind. :S:C'\I~n yetlm of p~ent.)' I.~ t.lomirJE Ihrtwgb~i:ll rh~ Ja:nct of 'Egypt, bUl !;l~V.e.n ye~" or flm1:llC' wi:[I foUIil\'\f ,lhlli"~. llhaf!! ,till

tlm. birds \'Ii:ill'~~

~J;:'

~wlll!)llf()W'

tleslt,""

P~uu:aoh'~') irtht.!!<lj iU1U. (18: JO$~pli1 Il~d l?,ri.'J.ili"I~. b re~[J!II[l2td .til§(;l'up[OOI.1Jrulr h1 biilli f(;(nlli:r ~{}y;iltiail1 U!i.f:.IW'~ of Ih~ fe!!ti!/~lillm. T11("< thinlli dayw$

jh~~1;Indlttlpe! ~o Egypt wiU b", fnl¥-(l~rBfl. amd mfue:rumm:w winI f"oi!;'l,~ge'the f lrand. Nf;)w" I~t PWl~!.I,Ght!Jok [m.! ~liwewd and wise .ffi11'n ,<l.mi pnt _him 1m
!Pharaob lIIip~oil~'l ~l)lrtmi!llSftllllerl) ~n 'Ige,~ 'flJ~ ~ the- hUN~!1 or Bgypt dttri Iilg I'L,,,ti'e-v~m:reu!> o:f·db!:Wlld:fimlte. ·n;'li;lI i>I~mLlJ~, fitere !il:~.h~g!1!ln, lii:iIn{::rdu: 3.Uthmity of PhiWfiL'lll. ~b be ~Pt hI tb~!.!jLit:s t I'nr food;" 1'0 PhU.llnM and sLlIll:; 'Qffitiabi the p,lon se.em£-d a 8erouub!'c ~lJ'Ie" Ml'iI ,11t!~id t!it losep~; "Si!7\60'~. goo lUll. fi'lI!J~e' a.U ~ru!l~llly,rQ.to Y!!l!IiI.dlte:m: is !'It! ~n~lil1" slKe\'!o'd btl ,oiiJ>,C fuii'·Yuu. Yllh! sball 00' in charg,e: of,~u;y hoooe,hoM,mnd an my pi:i'0;pb~~~a sullIW:1 to Juu.r,~utl'ers. (I)~!)' i~ fle!;pooL (]if
cb~e of Ihec[)uf,Lhry., Lei

~lJ~~ J,osepl,}bad nilfo OS

fO:remld. thC'!:lkh~,f b.lli~er ~iIW e.'I(~~di

In

i,ldOOm-

mtJ~ip~fioe,;,l,!;:~ ,or il1l,gI11\Hud,e,hClw.e'!l~~. Ilii! :tlrUpb~lrer

~!riII',gQt [t)'

menlj,C1O

Jemepb I'~' Pharaal1.He did l1C'1t thiil1k of hil~1 U!1!ti'llW.() Y~!ln latt"r WhM (iiJ1:tmohh;imself nFid two m.ysterious drc~am'5 \bat IIOIlCO:f thiO: m~i~iU1s

wiSfj men of Egyjlllt !o!ould i:llt'eltpwl for him ~~rnrnd.ecl. bY1 Ul<=se '~J:~ 1:~I!ll'1lf~" ef bis OWl'L' ~li~ Nrudic:unem. rl1~ IlIU@~1' t:aitl to
O:f

f,hrino11l: '~'Ji!lim.d'b~ me ilnt[ Ihl! cl11~fbfik~. ~nt ~rettd

OM!:' 31lif.)l

la:c-h of

wi.tb hit;, };~~~!{. an~ l~~ ~mflf~JtlOO \lis-h.a:t! a drorull, tlE \lMlmC' ,mgIn. and a,aceR
iSeNill'1it

neooec!lll:S G'wn·m~l!lJ!re~lijnn. NQ~'!JaJ 'Jlllll]g

was j:'h~~'wi~h IlS, Cl and lrue'if!lt~~ And

~ll1d

'1~~cthnDnl;!i 8lhall1 be

g:1T-MtOIl'

('rnrn you:'

ilftJhe·eaprWn ~.t1I~ gtlMd, We' llJ"I.!:!1him olilrdrnnms.

GUI.

them r~rll.JrS,,glvil1g OOCI!t'I1Ul;~he inLeI1lJ\~~iit')n t'lf bl~ ~m. [

eX,;I.a:L1y~· he hllldiJJJt~rtflJ..~ 1lheli!ll
lUI,
~j,J

lllhilgB l~e$l

PhnfB.6h 5il'ru .alla.UC:~ foil' J"osepl~ who,

!'ioon

as

us ... ,. h.e bad shavl:d

~Pll~a_oh to~t t:.h~ :si.!!nd :ring from Ws ,0","'1:1 'lioo.cl mu:!1,IHeed tt!Zl\n Jil~p'h!s IIl~gel1'. aJ!lU d~lis!#'d !1i!111 in robe gfffioo Iin~l]. put ,!!:, gOW He ell,lin ~rr)~H1:dI nl'ec~ BtldilIT"41~:g_ecl .!roseph Ill' ride '~11 II cihlp;ri.~m aa illS h'i:( ~or '-ielJn~)d-U'!-oomQ1md. M~fI S'1101J~~defol1e h,itl;l~ '"'S(1),W{;IIi' Jul:~l:'." [n addib Unlil.
1~1W: :klfll,t-

re.kumged his clDthes.

presremecl himself

b"eForo

Lln~ kiln!!.

Phnruuh

~m'i;: bilJD

IlD

EID'lulan

['!Him,

Za:P.llM[b-pn.~-i1~llll,.a~ wdl

~l~

an eg~pl·l.lU'l 'l'ti(e;. &~n~lb; dtl~:ghtgllr af ,p~'lil'lh~;u"'.d!'. Lb~ lni,~s(,of Om

(Iifdl~p"ilt), ImCciI!flWf in If;!WIU' 'Ilgyp'! nf ILIl:i:ewe~:bJ:pof tl'Ie>Sl.!i;n·~goo I~e,~ Jos~ph' ,i:US;~'tlrt}!'\,...,~,~ t.u'Itere'diPhtu:t1(!h's 'seV~i[le;.lWd" diurilJ.fl ~h~
se Veil

Tli:~ fA~:hme Wl1l:1ll'1l.1",-d l'O' ~g,e, h~:w.e"!!,er,~ld, wlwll: :J'LItitle: gtlllJil Wll);; !m~e, Jm:cph Cl:1i.tflg,4fIlili.s, u\iml "lint njij81, be dtlTlc~ Ihen do,mis,," he sni:d,

G!'oOd

Y,GaJ'S.;,he' '

rmvelt""d

lm1MiI~holV[ Eg)"l~

~:ro,rirng FI iln 'aga:il'ls~ ~he

lW@'

lean ye';;Il'lii 'W' carne, He nl so b~cml1e:fhef&r:h~r of

Epb,rnim', thtllil1lCame <tL1~ ~!lMS J;nifld,[C~lld (:l.tm~I1e.wlticii1aEf~ted nUI.Q)' (louJllm~. iJII~lII.;i1in;g Cona:m. wfi~n; bCGb sai~ ~Clhis ~l!lS: " ]ia:!!"e: h~tu:d IJWt nl~re is Ct,lm',in J2gyp,~ Go dow!) r]l~ ,;tfl'd li.m)' some !to ~b~! w.e don.'t SUil'Vs:'tl1:ie broLh~m SCl ofI, Jtmvi~ bohimJ ortl) 8'®.jamil1i.'it ~0I1.d chl1d

or

s:mm;, Mall$~~ and

'''T'ke'~(l,n1troft~e Fodllci! fur' ","'lh1i::'h U,um'eOilJU:!clry ~ faJrll~~ Ihd!! Dud .I<!l llttll;;- homay •. same!: 's'l\Ii~es and .Inyrrl'!;, ~m.li p'.~lncldo I(ubt 1111,(( ~il'lrIlJ~cl.!!I-nll~Ili!\e ~ tll~IDlwilt yOJIl~!j,a JifL, Take do~.h![glhl:!: illUClliJ[,O( m~l ml:iUIl1I thc!'lil"Vgt"~~l;n \~ ,Ill.! t!lu::!;:,' the I'll IIl(jllU~l$ of ytllll; "aC'kii:. ferh~psi II W"olS H mill:wlk~. TQkti ~{J,ur Gfll'ier,brurhe:r a[sD ,md ~t\'llilCk m [he !.1ll!1,!,,!'.ru',b'n~. An'd !'!'my God A.hw:tigh,LY&!Ufl.l,yr.lI;1
}'O!1!

~':pl

sU\ie:r'wtth ~nlJ, far

memy1ilJe[li)rn;:

lire

1U1ll] !ltl

U"uti lre: \'li1Il l:et yn!M" ,otl~er IjfOU1~1' f£irnc.,QIiiI)I'at11Q

born '10 'Rilt:.hdu.ftcr J~~ph, JbSf:p~~~,g;l]i'llucl bi5,'~I;iI,o:thers as SOOII1Ol~i'lC' SilW ~heli'1, ,but ~~~ofleea1td ~'tis jd,~nti~yand ~p,a~e Jl~.~h1y ~o ,t!1o:ll11 I,ht6tlgh ilf;) i~ne!1PmD". "ViifI,ff~,R dO )'( U .. a!'!16: from?'i I~g ,usked·
whllll hl!lc],':OOcJJI

Benjim:niQ (l{,lme 'b.aclk with f,UU!." Wl1un tht.t brother$: ilmv~di~ 'Egypt ftlJ th,e ~.n.d
~a\!j.' Bel'i;.j3.Lllill, ~. itl1 ,!lei,emfi1!:

sma

IlffiC andl
t1le'lI~

Josep~

lH"iI!

h:b st. ~M/3iid1;

.s)t~

.,,~

men Lo U1lY

t'eFllI~, "Yi:)!l~ Si]1iest ~aiclJoseph. "'Yo!ll h{ilve come ~o .!lpy cut trw wellknFI'Om'l

lila

~!HltII

PI" COIlOOi1 i0

,iilUllt' f06&:'

th~

11I':i:u~~:and: lilL:l.~hllH an ~rumut TI1.jY

In,e"'t 'WiTh l1Je ~u nean," A!I'~bl! house th~.:)"'w,er.e gh~a water to wnsh ,their f~tl ,Lu~d {ildder j~lr li~!,)Ii'rtIlon,

of ear d!6(er.(;-e.,'l.," lltl1 b('Qlll!'lr~ defiled, 1h~charge un~ ~ij.p'l,~inetJ:"'YOiJ( ~~ri\l"~nt."i'~ twel1l'c bruthC'~.lhe '!?,I,1ITI.'I'u[,uJ]c ~:l\md,whlJ'~i'vt:;lIin,du,e 10000,~.rC~:ua. Th~ y0!Jng~t i;S now wUb o~!'nijJ;~erin ~nnIDl" 00d one iSl!'IO mb're,," AHMu,girl be khCW I1'I;;idrwtlrd,s ~~ be'rme."egc~'~ ~lMllrlR}fi~ fJWilC).Sl'!i
IllCSS~

keY5< WJd unawnrd..~ the}" ,prepouecil their git1'jl, in r4tltl1rJes.s 1''01' l(t~h·l'i app~I'tlJjQ~1 OiOt,lIe '!lite gi:[~ bad, been ~~I:'!terl. Jgs~pl~ u!!ked: "f:ltl~ 'h: Y\\lur j!;g:!.1d. ~aVteE"YOU IlQld m~ 1lIIlo:ue} [::Ie he stU i ll\ljrig';W Th.eY,IlMwurtd; TurniJl'j
time one; you
~Q

"lti",QUr ~iw,!ml ~U!t I~hh'~r h~sri'II'<'!livemd well"

It;ro~ I:II~-sg,jd ~D,'aJ:e·m:",r yon ~ bone~lmen~ let cne of ~l1ur ib,r91ITh~ ~L'~Y hl:re m J)nSQl'I wltiLt ih~~t oryQ1Ll: t#'k~ etJml bQC!.t,. [0 y'~lIr Siaf. illg hmlsc'ilt1;lIds, BUll you l1'1~J~1 hnl),g &-,!1I~11' ~'o~ns~~ ,~mth.:1i' m
~l m~ ~nd',o:f tlHJt
,Ill!: sa' fu~1 YO'l!!rW01i1d!lmtl~ til;
ytlUf y0~flgesl

he

\\Illg

sH1'1 iwcry 11~.I1diali!f~r:Jeseph loeolre.d die hrOlhe:rs 1IJ,p:fO'f t'h:re~ (I':lY8.

,~QltllIl:lt:t

J3~t:ljlU!:l:in. JQ ep:J, imgui[til,Lt~':·is':UiJS Y(UW ~'OYJ1g~t bm~l:1cr, nbo:!!ll"]'" md. :![dl:ll'l,fll •'Ood he g:m:c~(J'us, l.C'),yell•.1~)!

~orr,n:,Dooply

jflOlll~d ~t

~Il~ !!ligllt

or ibiS1

IlWlI

I'nutl1er'tl

SO]]

w.t:nJm' 'be 1mrl

10

~m'~ stefl For ~'lrHl~Y yCflf'lI., jClSep~l hl!.J1irlied oul

mlutl

own

prj'r.l'l~ flllom

Ve'ti1Th1i:d nntllh~~ you [Jury EOiI dje. Ulllu~ 'I!rmther enm~ fl:~ro. af'l 'Pb~fJb Ilves )fOU will ~e'l !~f!iJre
the h~'fIth,.(~f'Qh~n ~(')S'fay Irelhtm1. J,I:)~~pij had

wrep. Ul(et. uner he hlQd wa",~~id fa~. he ~um~'OIJl( unci" ItOI1lI'ru!.W,'g his him liIe~f~s.aicl: . 'Serve: [he' fur),d ," ~.ltI.LClill1l1lijf Il!lli:l: st""'.t~g nr.mllgl'. menf$. L!elt! m:c.nl'co u~ !lU[ bedesertbed as ~ell~ ~ol'lvi:v JURe:ph: ale tllon 3W'1d ,~ne

im.

'this pluQe ;,,, S,lm¢I::m

1iVa$

t!te.s..'teks

of th~ 'OU1~1'S IJiUCd with 'griin, ~,ul b~I,ii::fu,s:e h) ~Cl ,Lln,~I1;l for i~, pa.~ llf.Q.dc. l,;!.iLJl!:""l,~ U~'llirknowledge. p.(M:~d th~ sj~\!eri", lid!; $<~'~ as ~weJl,He ~ ;gflilJl:': fhe;m, pm"'isi6m fur ·iJiieiJr j ot!mey~ ,[Ild! ih.-,.., g-eil 'ouI' fwe C~mIanw.h:h thew l!lden dfankeys. Whell the~ 3:mv,oo [h~me ooil lli!'il.i1r fathef. Jacob, 'l1eiili'd ~ simy of LJluir 1.I,d:vCltwtas:., h~ w~~t fib'! ~i\"llGI1UU lo' ]~L i!hC!l~n Nturn :I'\) Egypl wi1i!B!:nja:m~. o/ho ~had cil~3il)' r,g,p!Mi;\ll! Jiil~plr1,'as' bti'$ r.avomr~ ~f.lfll.'!My '1i:on\'!itilll n~r go, ck'lwfI there ~""lth ~o~~:'he said. "J()!:cph ~:s dnad aor:l ~)eoi!lS liJ.e'mrly 0!lil! left. [f b£um cc:me.s IO'him YOIll\\lill brinE. my ¥wy ,bmim; d@WI] '[0 ~h~ ~ve.,'ill !il'.lfW·W."

ap~n {Q1ifI th~ brlJLb.crs "because l5~ypdaw;,eeuld fOI" ~h:a:). fl.. ~e'fQ:Sf1l"J\(! [0 egyptians." B)' llIelim.e Ul~ brollhetll \~n; ,'Cudy u) dejpi!m. ,Jo$pl1 had hllilc!lled ~ ,p~nt 'oosij;gn~rl ~ '~i'1o.(;urg Illull. a!Mll~llt\iOi wofilld~ 1lJ!\I'l: 110 S'Ia)r ,l:J,ebilldi hl
EgyptiU'n~pn~,,~iUr~,~ ROt em'~with Weblll'ws.,
~S)lpt

ro;l~told hh1 slewoilm::"Fru

rhe JWI.@!llI·sTack'Swil,b us ,mtJcJ~ fOrla as' !

rllJII 111;Y g,o~te'l.

~1~l':.:Y (,.'anry,. and PUt J!lJ.obman's: '!lHveli" il1 th" mmJlh of Jb.iil; sllok. 1"hero &~ln U1e !ill ver 0n~, ,iSI :t'bg Jgp (.if 'Lh~ Y'ilIHlgefit cme: s sack,'· The

hrotht'tS I'uld hnt~L.JI 'Sta:rI!!d aUI f~r 'l2M;fIm1l whoo Jtli3ph, :sern~' his: "mwllru in WJ~!r~llit. a:r.lIDed, w1m 11'1.6dt\~u:smil@ilil mal 10m'! of', ~h~mIH:til 8,1~jc~ hiS ~llorcr t.l4p. The~ dcrued tJll!Lhclt bUl.wh~ .llle go~,r~ .. ~ [rJliliodill v U t" utJ.t.!tnin'!i :).~~, Ib~)1 re ~,I NuI~d tlllcitr donkey.~ IJlldm UR[lU'Jd ~[lt:h.~ e i{Y l0
"'

H~mn

'";H~w can

be ,confronted by It) .I!Pb. "What -aI1i We-'ay?" QS~,ed udub d,l.l. !,!wrili:g:ty. 'wg r~ve oudnfl.Qc:e:ntt·~ w,t- a_ren "' (Ju!r JeJ1li'''' "Ia fe$-,'it e'
i:nJfSe:I'Ye1Ial.1 '~Il as· the U~]1;l h ~ as found with' rhe Il1bleL" J, .aph ~1ie.d tbm I1e \\o.ulll Fll'll hi! lID h~b': '. 'nl!y I1r one Iound wilthth e gdblct wiJJ Ibecomc my I avo, 'Th~Rl)lo:f yrn.1 'coo GQ '. • ~!J,yGlUiI'

f~th~rj~ pr..~." J1Jdub IiJl~lded 'I] It ~im lo cbUl],g~ hhi 'mifl,~,e..!(p1WNn~: ·~My 'f.wM'1': rid tli U : 'Y:~nt' kii'low l:luU. my Wi e lmj1~ m~l'!l1i~'O!I.DJIti. Ollie or Lhcm'lc. l IR'leand I stUd: !ORo bias sum)' heen tottil to piel:)e~."lfyOt1 take thls.one, '[00" from me HI:1d Ilarm comes to' hun yon will bring my 1Uiey ltIa~1i'·,:d w:n Lo;,lll; !lIlI.VC' Lngm,;lw. PI-e kit y Llf ~ervlUTl remaill h re Ii! my l.1td"!io "II, ~I in plotre nf the hOy., and IClthe bijy ~tu:m w-l11his br"lll
ruuel '00 b:y ~hi.volUniW}t DCI jjf " -]f!'~titje~ lh 11 he ducided to te'\I-e:llIUtflSc~I1'!i!:l.ln {lO hiis brnther. 'Come-ek:J8 to me," he
'!'QI,

' ln all, 8JL rhl:Y set Qut fu.r eWpl.. :.JD~ph dr"()V > mool 'he.;m. and -fier m emod'oulll reurri()fl. fII. eb !Orud to him: UN ' 1 am fu'b.u m~. !lin '_' • have ~ee,11 01' myself.rh '( ),(lU Me son alh :' JUgpltJ e'[the;d all hu;; f;amily in die Goshen di1;,IJI!i:.c.[ Rtirum :JITld \..\1' im~u~cclI1f rliilllj~nmd EiVIHJ.f ~lbrlJl:h!lln;)1Q1 Plim<lllb who lwlll.J().8~pb: ., U )le;l1Jknow af any ,gapable men arfl0t.tg '1Jh~ I fIl:a~Rifl. duml ·ct.iej' b~rd$;. ifImn O"O'e-il'1!'4)' I~Ue:'" 'I'n")' ,Itld IIv.ed t!11!Jie fQr e'iQm,eenl yt!:lU'fl whl3l1 Jaceb, who .e~L lhallltc ume [I hi~d~iUb\\~as IlI'JPll'tlal.:lung. senl [or JOIIUh i1y,. lIeUrI. OULhI Iilil

JD! cp;h was

,;oDu not bury me ill ,E:gypl. hUL i.vb n [die eu.rty'me!' ofEgypl and bury me he~ IllY fum nlblo!l1!I.lfe huri:~d." ··!.Shall do all Oil. 3Y." J b promi'!:d ...s w~ Ib me, in !lis ftUhec ; aid. JI~f1'h $,wnre hi un.
~d '. -id
10

binl:

U!

->;'~

,a

.Sill:n'liO

rime later. Joseph, loom,od, I1ml III fa~iiH::r WllS:' ill fln.d 'went to
by hit~owil

w~nl on: "I am yOW' brolh~1' loseph. ~h~.one youdLd inw B,gYP'. Alitl;l IT(JW. ,Ii) nOI be (iU lte~l=cl rulrl dn I1li1't be 3lIrg,ywiU YCllll'S\:i:'!It:.lI ror amng H1~ here., iii c' ,~Ise j[ WI!> 'U:Qd wlilQ . fLl me ilbe.ad J YOLI 10'-$3": Ii es " .• i" i'i'D..!i nOl. y u" 'flo. cent me bte~. bm.GacL H~ ha roo.d- me
sill ..1 rmd ,,,,h~lllih~y)
had ·wpPTO~lCl'led 'film
~U)f)"

lIlmmJ J:um. accompanied

111i!:Ie Oii1the

["'0 SOruJ"

the~ :f~UQwp'(,lD.J1-1)r,heli
I

ootlotl
A

M~~h

nl1d J'pb.rniirJ. stamljmg

inCild~nLTile

!:w'OI'SOIllS \l!!~I'IU'la~e' In

l'b,Icir gran

't'~ulle',Ii' n.'Ctivc his bh~,jng,

~phnrl[ll.Ib~ fO~r.

dgl'1.' in rea,e~ f Lti:Sleft baod and ~18}]"', ,ell. the '~ldar, . I~Uldin'g

~llI.her [0 :PI~o.moh. lord OV-CF all his hOlJSebolduud :uJt!'r.of IlI1I E.gpE_ Npw :k lQ I1))'l flidl1er d.I.ldwU him; 'Th!t i ._ • your r:m J _;!i;ef,lhI!.a. $; h
r, ~

en .!.he le wll real 11 0 hi IigiM baml. HOWCI'vcr. J,lC L-'11Ui\i!\1<hi hand, and! JH.H jll:l ri~~l and Oil Ephmlilll", !lend. Jose ill was tlJ:iSp]oost,;l) by dti h fi' .OOltll.Umm C'Ui$.torn. SP llf:' took bo,ld. (.)If his fntb:er's ll'ig'hl blanCi tn mIWC 1,1 fItIm 'phmim's b~i!l~ M~n:'l'~b~ •• :aying: .... his (JDe. i ·the F I e~dt.-t. ,Pul you.r rl'g:hL ~MtI en his h.¢a~'.·" Jttooh I·crus...~, hI!)W~\"~T', SHying: ••• know. my $011\, [know .. Ne. ,lon, wUl. ,t ome <II gr-enl peli'llp~e.and h~, '[QU. 'oi,,-illbecom great Ne\1'e-tilhclB'£, hi..~youngei[' bmlher 'win he gte.1tet Llli,11D1hc.l1d. hi d'~ce:nd{il:rns win be-a whol EUltim:l in rhemsel ,e- :. Til Id Te tlillnlmL Ofrllf O{ -e:."'lIl,M' ti, or IQr til ing 0 J'1 ub' '\ ords r \~tictbl!t hiifiHl1'i~ Wh!W! L ob'l ¥e'.nflm.Ul' dJoo. Jo' ph ~"'I.: rdel'S: 1'01' him U) 1". embalmed anrl, ~ ti; r !l'eVMty ,'days of lUCiumillg'• nskutl p.m'mis-si(lIn io ~1)ke' hi" f~jn:r·~ body bilek-to Ca!l~ll 'fo:r hMhd. Pb~rl1loEl gtm'lh!d 'bit~ r8tJUf l. 1'1WU.'" ,I'r~ impr~!{Si e 'catlli.¥UlIJ ilial s~l mt~"'!T Caintl,;Ul' With alllliife ,f1tiIu.lt5, fH"ITI JOMll'lh' md Lti brQ~h~:~rrUO!lltii!:S.. ~U Ul!:' di,gnitruitls 'of B.gy L 1'I1.11:lot IlJrul [mn;i!.mell_ I ~n the-iii ~ilJbseq,l.t_in fiilIUIllILD: Bg}fpl howe~~r. JllM!llh's 1rorher:s ·tared duu. ~lhb their ,hl1whr de.d, II iiff(~b \,'ould te r, v ~Ilg• on ,I t:m ft - sel1ing bini in~o luvery.,':u. precuutlon. the)' em:
~~UJ'!'e
I

··6 d has m~dg mU\lord: (If lilll "E;gypt, Carne dQ,wn

,ta mc'

~~n' j tilejay,. Veu

)lOtlll' S('l'I1;.1i Md

,tmJl 11j-V;eill1JlCl' 1I'1Jgin~~1fG~~h'

III (~lJtI be

:nel.H'·,m~)'-ou.

gruadsol:liS. ),OiIlr.JlOCkl!i ,nod '11e1i'd'~,.~dU~IylOIJ. balle.J !lhcrlll: pMwid!!for : Alit! mere, because n",e r~m~ of r~rn.iJm! are IiIiWllo:,coro~~'" Wbe:1l Ph~l1!h b,e."IDlI'Lh;u J seph''l b. 'Lin rs 'Vltlte in, gypt,. he ~4 him:· ell ynur I:m:!I:i1ersl " ~t.I 'Yt'lWi Wllmldl> Wld ~, !:lit: I iCimlan,
I

LQ

an~

idug bw.-faUlCr'an~1 yaW' rumtu 'ac. fa me, Thail give yoUn1'e DeJl loot! rll EgypL..' ¥,OU rurea.ls di:re:ered fi leU tb~ 'TWtc :orne wng~,nsft:mn
,'g;ypl far )'OLrr ~h 'dliM 3111rl your WJves; and ~el Y"')lJI father
lind

eerne .....

J~COb, (w 'bra.ctm use tbe m~w III11IH!: b~ had bl:e.li. g~'t'~11 ~-a tllany ,CIUll! bdorel wal:i,$'I:~m;u:~d hew lh;ll.\l nn .Ol'llg-)tlst 'IDI\, Js. "",,ph. "llIE stJII: ' to
olive, an~ di~ moL're.'1l t· b'el:i~v, It until h:e bad Il!!:lIrd aU Wi! duluilB UIlt!
~['I

& otl1tS, Ilia{ Pharaoh

1:I!.IU1_lllL He~1llheredllOlP=l:I'ICr hi el'lJUre Fn:mi

him a 11lf:!i " gl: saying; "Y 0!.1f'fall !.Y' left Lb~-e iii! twctiO!l b~fol'u he ~liJl!il. TIli.. is. wlilm :Y0lii i:L~ t 5!iy ro-.JQ:SQp.":, .~ ask you to f ~I'fi\'e yoil.r brl;lth~.ts· orime: ,1 kno~' th.!.l)' di~ ),Oll! hMOl. H' J~ph ~:lQe dl~UIl tlli,s rOOUUfflFl;(;e. "DC;U'~ be Mraid" 11_.lold IHem. ·;.'\m I In plao ef God?' Yuu inle;l'Ided Iii) harm me,.,hu[ Ged m.eanil _0 bong g,o d QU'L f ~I~ tu'" CCUU'lpH. h 'wbm is ilQW b~lrig dgue" Un, ~JIr~~g O'fmllP,y 11v.es.So thm'[ be aftaid. r '11911 pm. vidF fi:lr YIJI.IanclYQur ~I-lildren:' I1lJ1lt1e 'iaooly f![ter that, \: eeeme ('Il~!l ~IIDoomtlur.JI')~~h'!i u,wn demh, There .i . no i~cUC' ~ibft at' ho,w mach thue bad elnpsed - inae d"i~ dlWh of lID; ~1l'1er·. brut '<Me Rl"ta mid t1mt he .. the tbitd g_cm,erntirm 0 plU,i~'" rhi:ldn::lA•. "':lso t1~~,ch:Udren af "'~~kJt. ~fin nf Mal1li1h.st-h. wen: phlc..~a a.~ hinh on JOc'eph', ~, es." Bef(~re he ~Ih:d. JO'$c'plA, fOret :;ld tl1 E ,od~s~ '~aur (1 .d \\' U Mj ~ II L '~omc hi _our u:td and lfaka .'ll!p out of this .land to lh laruil be prQmiSt:id on ,Ill.uth u) .Abml:n:lm. lsaae and Jacob .• Juseph

Joseph in the Koran

gJ'!>o made

mc-

SQ)l8

0~n"'rni!ll~helU~~lI'es SW,f!OO" ain oath:: ..., :'l'ie[l[,God

COJUieS

Or"l

no yo~ r wid. you m1:lSEm!.:e.my b~ ne ' ",,,111 you f'mm ~ere," 'The BQQk 0 Gml ,t ,'~~with t· d~lb: "So,Jr()~el~ died Qllneage bood!J;b::l ood. bm, Aj~d IlLW Ute)' 'mb:almtlJl hinl h \\IrIS Ulid in (H}f~ ze 11lleviews accepted
y :-.'Clu,"I,Lar ahout t-he w!J),

fi.£D in E,gypC' ]'0; summa J.Ql!ie,ph!ilwry

moe

to u • there 'W..lfj nn rigjnal jlJ8mlI~I)fll" WltJk:h Will' pllt duW:n in Wrl,t:hl'J, ~~bc 'l'th! III nUt eent ~IryR., .• and I L.JjcHllh ~o llut do 'lIre' ~Ut(b:lh-b;rn£:cl V rsj,cm £J). Abpul ~ oonl-Ury IUller dn~:re r!>ltm tl seeond tory. bl.Jlnll:",cdtoile .tile rue-uren..J~l:(.Jb' version' (EJI. 1lI~ SlQi:-lIrill' .Jo!ilcpb

aas Ulllllf

'h was men_her I~en ant lOtAbrnh 'm-froPl hi. "0' ftljmooi' f- ~'lJnu~'). bom Smah,'s EgYIP'Ii- Itt mald, H.1!IIlaI'-Who. dg:hLCe.nt. ~fllurie' .n ~tile ~ol;ih;L~. b.et~'-I:Ule we'f;S'CngOJ1 rsJm<n, MUJ,1uu.unad, ~~bow~ I:U'llnlll1 tla: or .. Me,Cl~ ln the ear .'Q. jl.f'tt S~LI' lI1ir.missien when he was IIlbout fUII1\' )/'c::tI'S of aSa. proo.e:l~jng t~ ~b i~la~(lrs the true aib" lslam. the momnfleisllc Ham , ,r~~fgion of his remote- MccslQll Muhamm d bad cllmpl~lei:ll dclhbg me .IDlmfhllaijfi! hoI),' ~k. h{1!\'II~t l,:er,ote Jl1~ deJlJlh,in U'l;il!year 63:2', 1J'ie Km:a[l. believed 'by M:ltSlim:;, ItO, be lil1e:·inpitc.u wu,d of God. was; 11 ·l\ riuep 11 ul.tfe l!:<lVe-sand .• lQUe'1J weU as 1:1. Jng r nusQ.!orlzed.by 'llm~ nrMuh~n)JMd W#fS. Later il was ~ollecfed by Abu Batt, the finl C::IUptD(ei"1 1 !U1d! 'fieti,giGu!i roler a1t.el Muhammad"s de.ad'lt Filllnlly It was eo,mpiletl. into nlle' briOk h~ UU1lmmn. t!b~ Lbir-d ,ca.~iph.

or

S'rQu

in the S' ~k ,of Genc~(·eomes Imainly BOlD the e-two ~.

Book

BnbY1"n~an (!jlfn~. dle pri,c,s.tsc who 'rrl!Lllg~d

Two.

C'tmplC(

TW0-) ,

we' er •

.an

( ce a:Jrso
!'Pm lb~ili

Hllmu_ ten y~

la~e:f,

Of'

_'~LUmin~

~hc,$Ulil'~c. mad~; Inatl,di~i,cn (~rl~ei1i'n'W1l1 IN I.bul illd,uJdl.id J!.!ph'-s !l:-!.C (l'Ii~y. at!l. ri:n]1; [ill!; e'nic:I'CCI ~f'iioo oP~h.lhe lbc slllm1)1,9' 10: _hi tlibe.o. I mel '\ h t~"'(lInl
U WI I jmllJ hlm in me felil~lll1t of theu-oJ I.IDIlI and Joseph's request til) be burled illl1 Clim~ T.b~ came LhiltetJ' ttu' wJ~tI. me om

mt,

betor~the

.li:<culld CLlHt.'UL1'

!'J.e•• ~() ok OM!the

~"3A'~

of ms'l\l.ling 1'Ji1J.eclDI")' fro,nn

Lh~c bNI.! Iilun::C IlD~ 'i.u1helLl'l'l"lie, was re~l1c}l1I'jb~ rOf" ui!e'"soctlil:m deat~ witb J,os~b"!i·1 'Ui ;!(ld M. ~~u 1 to he relnllied ilJl Canaau,

The'k, ran ueeep Ih btbH~~ stof)' (lr!.he Creation and ~r c. \ nil btllfl the: Old and N'\II 'festlAomenl. to .tle n1It.loi-1l libmat the stories Q't .dll: p.1td:atC:h!-t and U-t;,'lproptu)llS. ·HUWi:VCIi, w:htl.~ tClerl1tying. ,the one God, Ir vealed to Moses.u AIIa:h. 1lW Kora__o OOSar:dsJesu..'i. - 'illie M~iah~, re'led f lh,' H Iy . pJri. althGu.gll liUH the 190n Qf G d. FU,rUl mll'Jm~ nl~Ii'Ollglllhe Koran S,prlI\:@lS fr:~,!he .samefo!1nrta~m as ILhet ibLe. il d:oes B ~]i!l~.~i'tC with .Ile Jafler ill $0nte' IO'tb~r. espf:W'!3. 1:m'I r general, th :S~'Q{JII$
II

111'

Kl I'lU

hiCk. mllin)' ,~,

I)'

Ih~ detail , ~ !.!TId ill d~t

tb~ Bible, IilspecilllU,

nIl:

I'lrtLJ!ocd 1JHI'l' with

Ufillill

• froP r no!.IDS and Iloo3Li.Orui. On

~\llhtJ bcl~I:l\'c!'.o; in
nne

,hr.l
U

~~hlrJllj,: 'wn,,1 toO , - .. IUPf!i'r 111

~UI~~Oll4

O.,d,

bill iJS IlUlli

J~w. 11

JI~j 111111 "'I

l.hMI

!Jtl'Ult hand, in sameease

'\ e Nind e~tI:~ lnfl'.l,lnl'll,llflfIJ a;baUI bibli!,';;ll,

b!:: ,llootJleioJi

p'hHl I,() kill Joseph, bUll O"J'IIu::aall~.n ll~ffi:

~ . II

gDod

cb.nNclQr'

be: round in lbcBjb~t: 11St'1(~ 1I:n1.ill, tile !~ory f Jo Cflh. i1.1, tb... Koranl mighl be ,aId to .~ ke a, III.tll't 'lliritiJal. ~nd less
Ilhtlli ~"_, 1101 10

hrot)t~r Wh;liUli(g;a~ ,agw.usl

h:
m1~ f'f"I~:n;'

h:l1ikirml"'!!!ll" note, hl Lh K"@lllfl. th 1 hat ~rSlll'IlllCbmpterJ Xll is de;yoJ;e;d' to' Ihc stPIJ Qf YlIJss~ V()~~ , "'Iillli:" KOI'aJ;1 story d,oo . n It m~ntir:ln WI:Jl .tTI:e of,mJY of

Saltl

;'Slf/Ji

11f1~

JtM~h,

lJ!iI. ,(f~'!itJ mlM't

;

EJ'o·..!ii"Olfi,gtJ!jili

tl"'''Ot him do!-V,~

the" 'ClIIi'1CI' btol:!tlern.. w.l1DIli~ 111,i11111be.r. indloall"l'd tlnl)' by the t'fu:n 1llla:1 is, J9~=fJh s 'ecofiJ.d. dmam. a,~,il:l! Ul.e8ihl • hM;~J'" 00 Ill.lln- ~rn LWlng themI .. -

TfJ (h" bo/tam

rd ,hf]: Wr1tl ."

I3'Iv~ befere I:dm:

Joseph. m:c..oltli.ug .) lJi'I Koran Itllry,.I!~pd~ 110 bJ;\!;!t:; b~!I1 .itilJ o:n~y a ,~ftiilt:l.u'l Ihe tin~e, be~f1l1Se the bmLhef· ~r/iWlide J~~b ;0 ~lllo'WJo~ellfi
j,

(J't:1wid,J.~l!ph .fLlr I

n; f.,t~ !4ther: · 0' my}tiuh

J did;r
)' .liliW

rl

-1

~~l

,:jt~it"

Arul (hir J'IIJ~ Hml III ronan-; tllf'm pnJ5f'riU1'it tJf~IJ1JJt!'/lr'''N

,;lui "tu, plllY" 'with 1110m, ·pmmis1n ~tI mke gu d lill'C f h m, I-WE"'" the:y LlIrow hlm into IIIweT~,sell h,im ~o!heCDrnIJlIl'lll" hom al'igl!1iS.!l!l"0!!Ot iii IIltifiedje, :nuW Ju:~ph' hirt \Vilb ~~Is~ bjr..c!d ood ~Uun t~ their fu[tu:r WI, ha !lfnlllJla:r(ory tL'ILlnu in t~c Biblc: 11
We
V

'1'h m:_!"

sttitb

~o I'm,.
rnl

tJl}it1r! m~mll#.

TIl

rlilJlle'

or Jas,~pJ~·S·,1iIi1..h ~ri~ g:i:v n on~)' ss Jiatfob :andl hi,s .'Om> li're

\1.'£1·'1

r(Jr;h~g lilitl.r.

Ami

tJesrn~tl ,~nly a being 01 "the h0U.~ oJ ]ucob:' Jm:tlb 1li. !W\'cr cded lsrael, nor are hi c:bilmel'l called Bemi I rtlellC"hi'klr.ll:!fI yo Jisml.'-i), wJtiol,·1&

dtillSS: _IU!the wCJ~'J.tl·u~'rcd htm, "

(j,j/,.f("

I.tJjr losuph wicn

~ways: used in the ((urnn 10' de-&4td'b.: Ib~ r!ljJlOVJ."e~ 'fir Mo-sll:S..O~ hooricltg t' Ja~pb.· dJlicam. hi r· h r w ro L~im:
.,Rf:ltdt.· [1a.1 ,lftY ~fiJ'iul1

Tbe Egy,pUru.l who bOUgJIll 10, ph i _Iden'lifl'oo. ·Dllly b)' tbe 'tll: AI .;d~.whi h means "rha prince" ar rmer. the. tiUe tbat I,fdufd be gi'IIeD 10 Juseph him~lr JlJiter, The indi@DDll are I1Illt he nlnd':ued. ma~llhriry ira hi ' truls[er' ,hOuse 3.1' r!I -¥C"i~at '~m.e learning ill the pli cess, The LO'I)' or
111 • tralIlpled sedlOlCtio~1 WIlIlheufoUuW'S
litH"

1'19 fit broth rs. les, ,11~ CO/"k'o:C' (iJ·pliYt ~1&fJi"''tt ·7h.if:~."
IL ill. ,ill&'elld;y ~,OOlate. h· \ e, er, Til
lWOll.,;ftd b)' tM fav()r.iri:tm

I. given in some d~Ul.iI:

'n}!, ;'1 'II'o,lhvs(,' htJU£;L

broU~el1" res 'tIlmm:U hn. been

He ~,{/S, .'f1J1gihJta .~edUl?- him

,IH1W'1ii b-ytheir fru:ber.

from ~If[lr(trm,d, if; ~hllfo;fl~d

111t~lloor'Ji, arId .vaJd:
''NIIW
(:lil!!iJ;,

Tlteymld.i
liffd

''Tfll/)' Jp8epl~
(WI'

Ffralt

rda",r

t;m l\' U

"

tl itl IJI:~~ he:il

J,.v miT

Un

Jntl!

kJ'lrqa th{l" we "

Ii Ii' Stii,d~' •'Al:ifli!',iOJ'Md!

Trill)' nhy
~,t) IClt:tl.t

hWSJMnd) is

H>r made

M'~,,~'Ui'fJu·m Ngr(!t'(1bJ,~!
I Tht~ rill.ls(~Il.l rl)'

be

'I&nmJ:,'l;!

tCJ B..II [ll1IlIn, th ",cQI:lm.l~., ~'n'

lu Jut" jb'lI1 f1rc~ll,,\c,

n'id) W ill! 'S~l{}d'

'litil~htl

JIll"

rllo ~t· whll d~1~~ I'tttJ

Ii'"

~:eph fried 10 11lI1k~IDS cScl1¢ lfll1fSu~d b}~1-'$ mil wife w:l'te [ErR!' 11L1. hin [t.um the b@k. alL~ on opening IW& d~!lIr. Jbsepb [cmlld nls m~t8 .s"lml'~! ,QUul(lC·.iLTh.e: we pt(Jmptly $<litt:
Jj "V. tltll f.r "16 (fitling}

t~'"

WIt n 111 .rdU Cm ~"

"~tJ. stn1~'1I$m-.
I.!_tl'

I J.tm~

Al'Jd (in iheir

i;nmllir!J'Um~

~r~Imida:-thl!.~·s~~NJ ,

wm.i' IITReml

";Wo1t ''itPaser~ f~'. Nfl

f'r:ir ulll' i.llI)- [(lfflled

I:~lhi'

An u.\iI'l Q!.!'$igll' tlgll'in,~,r

11",,1 Q,'

m"n~~1 111'.t; bl n 1n1,' oilIer Th.m~u ",ob~'t!lmgIlU·· .

Sil(;!'
II

'/.1 hid 'PJ~igop

firrmu
II . •

a'

riel'oL

I'll,

.i. til

(t111~

i,fi:) Jt~M,~'
i.rbmjf

T'~f!/;r b. 1fi:m~)'011

II, (;]0

fl!11 'ald.:

"'ft

t/, ~/I

,Itt', maJl

'fI:1i:ttscIIIs/u r'!'~'SeOIWI1 me-

J'e (JlfllJlaUle

wham
i,

me!

,forum

IT",,' I m~e) sed.

" ... !fld',wJ

,rfJw

O'I.t'fi 1uJll£elt~,Id

(I/lis)

l1114 bore· wimp s, (rJulJ'): .TIf it h&r dJ'tJI hi'" htrl Is filII! :frnm IJile /rrm;r" l'heR l h' r l~lf If:IJe.. ~ I" i', bI I ~,IQIS "I ,r. .J ".
"B,I/J

'If (I IJe J list hi' " rt 1.'lJrHl}.ffDm In_ blU:.t,

17fe/r ,"
AIIJ On.seellill' i

'j~

,.;IUf (Fte (ifJr.

sell;", tli

trntll!

Ii

tIM J9 :ep!ti" shin: Ml'S 10m from the b:~k. his masser '(old hfm 1:0'i,gl1~ ""I'lat 1)1i'ldlllilip~m::d,.tlJld l!Iugp: 'red 'mal bis wire' heldd u..'i orgi.ven ,~, her in ~se i wru all ~r fault Th. w~r~ ,no' ~~L 11
ifiis:bed wUh JIO •.ph. hO\,"e\i'~r.\\l1Ien .sb heam lbM -were gossipmt'! Id'ltloc 11m-otte:lII:rn 1[0 S8ruJ,CG him:.

wonnen

m the

C.lit)'

SIll! . flU' !iQr Ihem

I\ffd p.NJ.plJJ'bi1
F.1'J1'

;1;.1 lbe <Ilfm;time .she IMildic h etear Iflal. her cfifm1:..r It)' I'i~d~(lt!Joseph were n~L y~. "el'. uudi. lith ~ there' was no' I!vitleJil. ~ 1[0 jU.sli[y hi' a -tiO,l1, I~ IllJls[,ruid ·evMlT:JaU)~ put Jusc:pb HUO p.riscm os p'recHUnUllm)' measure, TIle:re. a,<; ~n '1.ht!10Ld T~tooli!~tl ~lt)l"Y. ~ (!l'Joount~n the chi~f cup~et lUHf chi~b{ltenUid lint !'p'N1. tll1Uf iiI;r:eum~witlb m8m:e Gmt:se;quences. happy Far one. diror (f! Iller. A'!lnW. m!. in IWe' ~:Uble,.the cMpbenret' fo~t to Pilt in a plea \vil'h Phul'aoh. 00 1M ph's btl h wf. Th~ n.am~" ":Ph.!!irUl'lh '!:iI1? . nOt n~ruau.y IlIpl'e.ar in ~llrm X_II: MI" b~Ilu:: name of In Eg)pliian "del' gl\len. The QliiI. tide meJIioncd '01' th~ ruler i.s .' mg.," w[- i It 0 un Ulrt.C finL '. The kil1g haS de '!Ufll: ~ 3Ml,n the ~t uodle.."lI1 CQ,Wl a ad r'b.e~~recl HliJtI v.';H~ i£'Clh1~ [hey l.'t'lirlle' LO but hi Jill "~ul1lt! yws" mUter !han twe yen...iSafter dt~ i.m:iLlooi1; illv()lvl ng Ul~ t'"Upbarer ,rutd b ke.r; iI~d 41 tlJ~ KomJIL tbe;'li:il1g-doo no; ~U1Dnl.on Joseph to hill n~n~ hlJ.1t sends h~ I1tle:nd'W!ls LQ ~ hrnll11. Lti on~. afler he bas gi ven hiS' If~lerpretulit~m~r Ihhe,dm.W'I IihlltJqsl:f,l11 ,Is liu'oughl to I.iile :pa~~lce.llLRI.l.hen ~"lnlyafter 'he h:.J wfu 00 :rel{-rom ,ri,'nl'1llWJ:lilli11: hilS btioo cl~,\ll'e(l,CItill: fnl~ charge if ~.temp:~eddu~tiun.. 'lli!iSliion€d~, ~ d'll£JdBg the \\rlfe 'ilf AI' b:i - H I':ni Ib 1hat it W'·ns· WDU bud ~UghL ID sed uee J s:ev~ but mIili: all'
"Ht'i, lV//V' ur« (
,C-1."111l.tillg

tl

I;wnq·WlI
'8111'w.!'

litell1: .'(It
(to

iud, ed rif II,fJiSt"

'irlr~,III&}."

at"})

'of r'~cma ,b~fJ4~.

Jorep.h .
111_ ".

'w!r) tru« {mlti

And sit mid

''''0 m mi' b"ftJrt! rf/

w tl1~ KflrTI.n

~CC~lutnE.

il W,[~Sc 11m the: ki.'nlg who ,ofl"ta',t'.d

)'Il~.'ph, I

I)'nl II'f,t iutm!1l,

hm .NCpl "1\0 nfOkt:d

r.r on

tJosephj ;votfj= "Sit( me

G'ver the ,rl~ltl!-'lieJJlSes Q( tlj~ ,lwrtl': I '~'f11 "Rli ' IIUtHill rh m, A~OIi~

tim, bmws,

TI,'ri.T
The KOl7'arDaceol:l,J1'1maks ESypEiUIi [fI...UllIl& Dr SiD Eg"Pful.n

tmlltlrtlJlI' 'e~ ".

advJi~ for t:h w lIbout bow menter the: E,GJ pltiM. dEY hen !be.y Jf,1:,a~hoo if aggi'J)i' '''lliIf,e. I'lG.[ iitJJ l'Jy IOlJ~ gD!~ C"1'11>c'1 e by ~ffer(!:n,L, illes.·' y \Vhe~~ ' bTQi:h-ers aniVed ip Egypt fqr lhb seeend time. J~seph ill il:1ViI..e'd tho ~OiJll'ie lo'l'd1m!m m slay wilt) Iilh'n il!n~r e cakrllO; hlm, bul n { r Ute odiers, l[h~JIllltw~ \.!I!e true i)rlll:hefS;, hem f ,lh Ifrr~ mutha and fath~ll'. "("he K.Of1U~1 I.b~JI gives 9 .mru:Jm- a.00'OUnt of 111e-.ruse W!U" Ul:'
~.jJt'JII(!~l" tlririk(:ng

no' l1I'u.mtlon J~~p.h being gT' 11 all ''''"'ife, but" S5 in thE, Omd Te.sU.l!ll1~.lH, his
I;J 00'11' id~d' i1 he i'ii;l)' ;

or

aup ~o kee'p t,be YlOuuF brotl:ter:' in IHgypr.

m dl~ I[OifB.rl

brothers'

ocriYII: tl(l'

tory. Rpw(:.\·cr, it 1~Lh ~I'~er tlmtih f. who ~ name we me 111m oJd:; who reM ins. in Eg;yp'( as '!! n Ihih!' Un:: I.'t! I of,!1 part ,return 10,b~.lhgir
bad new.:
iO

~\l 'J

roed. and ence he has

j-u.caa

"Bring rmra III ,f} b,~lItAr." JI':, hm'C'. of III (,1m ralll"r iU ywirs '1 e.'; (bu/,t)! di(!6rt'tn PWl Wt)~·
N~w' i'f!'W bring him Nt,
tlof

da:y \'M"lli!rr I:IQ • I third time..

Jll®b, wh~1 has never, re~dly Jjel!levcd [hM Jd.\;~Wtdie~ 0,1'1 fb~ WUull[ brOlhltli'8 'tglik:'bJm nur kI play_ !re~lil d1em. baok ttl _ '(/)t)let .g~ 0111 ~ CCD(,j,C)n 1/0' !W~'kJ - cph.. n t,b,i5, lfiinl visi'l dley lG,Ilully frCc:n!l1i~ JQ:s~h. wL~a,l!d~~ hi', ii:lentity nd [C;;,j1s th~m kl fetE'b ,fueir f,.(b!6ranr1 aUrbeiJ' r "]aUol1s"!MeI tl'lmc dl)WIIi l~ Smm t0i I~\re;
Then witI'm ,l,ld'\'itlr'tered

1'~ lil., )~e halt h~'l'

m~re

lIf

"(Jm)lram. '11ft!.
(C:P(',,)I'Vtl'I

IV 1f' :mf[JJf _;,fe

rI,e IHlt$Jenc: of Jo.f. I'lL

fit' p,t,)ridl!d ~ ~tOrf1.'f; , ~(Jr "II\~ pa.l'e/ll~ W-itll llimsl1if,.

N~tlrml!, •• JLhol.l,gh 1QS"eph had re~go.i~cd his bnnhm;, tbey were noL'uware. of

with the II VII' 'lb!U 1.bll.y«'Qu~d n{'il ~ 8i~leili1i IDly mO'~ op\p rhlni'lies I'll) bill)' COlll In Egyp. ani'" s lin )A b:lio'lJI_gbt UH~ir)lIl1un,~w ibruibe:r \\i~!l:h' Uilllm, InilmUy. JiH~obw,~ reluctant co~I\Ie penn iaIL, remenlk.rln~ \\\Inltl, bad bappened kll.h; pnSL, He a~k~f!
!(

eo! Il'

81 lhis

tlme, l'rn:)I returned h me

11;)' j:a~ob

A-nd .-:Uld: "En~ ,. Y Egypt (aU) Eno!IJtJ' ifii pie.pstl's Ilt.ilh." nd'll • "'uii,eJ I~i~' r n/Sj iW .High Oil ~/1'l! ""l'oNe. mId dwy I~IJ do. 'II ht prrJ'ttrl1lJrm
I

~At!) bej(})rl}.lIim.

HI! ~~Q,it{"

~'8i1~1J'J 11'11$1 you Wid, I.-m 'WIUI un.'! ,. - iift OIA 1- dlOlI i 1,/1. 11'I rnml! "d ),8-1. With hi.'i,br«fill!I' ajurel,ili!reY"
V0l1tum:rJy. h9WV- J'i he' ~~e~ It let hJ, yQ,Ufig~ [SOil I \1.;_ mpiUl)' tl100l h'a k ta Egypt 01'1contJJlja'n l1a:llh ~ :1iwnre"'a -olcm!llI D:IIlh 1.0 nl ' iJ I Allah'" nrung d'ni.l.)le wiU be ~ fo bring him b:!;d(, liO me ufll~ .~ yt' Ui!." YO'U.!f~l'ffe'S l'le:lltlImed il} (,~mj I]Jnd~ @owcl~less,h"Jae!ob also had SIHIU;'

"~O 1ft I/ath d This. is The jjlCfilmBnt 01 w. virion 'fJ!oJ.# Aftiih IllllJI made II
Cn111.t 1It'u,e. liI.!! H:Q.I.' i'luJlf,eU GOIJIf' :ltJ, m WJf4il Hi!

Too''' me
- ID1 \ WI-.;(I
I Ii ' 1I11'1!',1 I i

,(Jui 0 .p,iSlJn

I jt

til

!1l:t; KPI'Ill'I LI'u\\'tI W

urdk:,I[o~s 11UI!J"o~'l:lph'~

motiil~1r 1I1;IaUJmU !il'j\,,e at 11m Lhllie'

II-J wwl!

I Ih~ -." I b';llll'

raj

1i\l~ hi l!t!)' pt, }~I~ hill~i~1 chili Ir.:~~~~ li '~II""!: Ihl ~ ,ttl rip, ,MtJ/, ,I ""fIr)' (i!J ,I/If/'tli n III11M u: Itt ·Irunl)

~ w:J"

1hmgJIl )'-,If ~a'U1~4!rel 0-- ;I',t..e U -8 'fIfOJ _fL -"'"PI"

(El1f!1!)

uJj'.'t"

Eltwitj ,birHYl!i!J'

rnt

S~lt~t.f hud StnVIl

and my brDrhf,fs.. .,

J.ose:pl1"'s mory' i(l, be KOrM i~ !1 -l illt;and d, U!i,ill the Bible., L'u(~rve ~tS a link betwe~", Ih~ :p'AL1iE~n~1 ,J1i:l,IL11iC-iEx1JldlJ lfIlm't!.iJMii" TIj'e'a&oull~f) (!if· d\e' ,birffi of Mas • ~i:: Opp '.. -Io,n and 1;.b i!.Jtodi.ls' arecaUetct[
lhloQ-gll,difrere"IilU Surns and d . 1\ have a ire t Ii:Il1'!II.\Ui:LUm wil.b: Ihe Joseph SIOry. Theiie are difrenm, e beLw.Q"e'o dle two mura'!:ions. :10m!;: uf whi~ I 'h:!l!V~ ,already iElWCllIG~. OI:fuIil':ffi.nU$l. The J1!t,0:i'11l11 fl\lJl" ii1~i'I~. slIJ.ggtlsm Glut J,o. cp!i'l"c l:nQ'rheQ made 1:be.ii'jo\lmy.s ,'l'llJfld tMm B,gYJ'.'I1b> eamel rather t,h31i11 b)f denby. and the ~bmli'l "i;or vmlJ~Y 'lop ru. the point wlrereJQ 'ept! 'lP~a1ts rUle Rilfilm'lmt nnris vision of o,Jd. I) men'I1UII iJ;l. I'lLde of the !iil3lLWmenL oll.tliCIJD·s d~jceDl:l!1flls in Egypt the lIgmr~ ian I!l2!f'O.Ill1llsearned OU[ by JtJ5eph tb!llt ure d~€ribed ar ·some lellgth ln the lauer ,P< ~ of III 8'0011: 'Geu~js, or the death of e,ilt1.er,J,aoob ,rJtH~ph. V~t Far rfile grea er P'ri I.hese,two ersiUl:II1i of lliL~,J~pb lory. ERlrn dU'.rer:tln.l.'s~un:1:!Slill btu.lt Jllc'ltJ tQ he'"ib!t'MspiJl0d w,otdJ;)(God, ~:ate' idtQticail. b The

The 'Time of Yuya

~

Komll

RCe:O'UJi[

j~dlJ.ld~, IWO, maln sU'lto.I:iii-Jo$leph'jl

dream and how

it Wag event.llwll)'I"uI'fillerl. which .seems to agtl."! wilih tbe biblicuJ IE Sitlllilroe:~00<1 to rel21tlo;It.~~IIl - etweeJil ,JQs:epb and his masbh" M/tl1:.. repor~d. 'iru'.gmv;t'lll,c,I·,cnw tblUl' ~ '(he Btb~l:. whlcl1 J geliumdIi_)'rogDNoo at'! ~a!1!'"illg lolhe- biblical, (n :iiQIJJ;ee.'fJIo 'i!e'dlion can be raliJ:nd Hmt Wnlfll([, l agree MIl.I~ ei1hl:!;li'll1 pridiJr s urCC} r) or me (mer addJti'ons iliw. are thuugh[ (0 be the work ,of fbe bibJ~cal ,e-d'Lur. Tb:ili re.iJtfoooes the onvic'riU[;J 'that lbe Qcig:~11 m]Il~pb :;'011 was itwllrldoo til the: flrst ,two bOll rees, (1) ilfi(.l, I(El~ ~m the bfbUQllettiter :gB;ve' it ilS firlail s.ho.pe!. addii!g his 'Own int .,~em.iD",:

:From the' point of view [)f Bg:yplian '11. iory ~ft Iri bJit:aJ J('J~ph :iIS ,mis ~ Jig;• 11~, '3' ox:on!t' ,of '[~l~ UMDe J Q5~ph or tlinn:, Qf noy otber m~U1lben;' 'of 1111' f@Ii'I1H:yhas, b!$111 fi~und, Mllil rl:,~m1 10 d.a~e.,or~ly 'QI'II: 1ie,~Ql'Tileddlis~o~ 1iJ~ ~ ..IlIlI.t:ie I 'IC~I., In ,1:(lI!11m~, W - Iml'l\~ja g.ood ded, f'r;Om his l!:JIl1D . wd f.ti'rer: $Qtu;c ,MOUI Y,uYfl-CwhJ.m he: willJ"Oj]iVl';!.Jn tamily, 1'lJe ~ Ihe l'K:]d* I b~Ue\f ·ll:mt Tud~nlCl b~IV sc. 1413-1405 .Il:c.) WWi [he Phw:a b who ~DPg~nt'C,d \-"I:IIJ.ilI to We ,pm'1 of vi.zlero, 'lwbmooi1l IV seems [0, ba'VB il:lee!;l en Egyptiafl'l e ·lIfli!!!@<Jt:!,u.fJacob amil Ju~ep'h.'~ ~m Ii' (see G!,!lip~ 9). W"" ,OR lold lIilm om:: dia:y. as .yaung prinoo.,he ~m Inrnitl:ng in his- IJ'hati'DLmlca..r rh - p~DUll1ds. Al !loon, \vbefl.,U1e'un was It ~ higlles:t~he re..~(ed
m L1~e s,b.EtdL}W'df IhI:
HUll
I.

pm.l.unrnd feU asl.oop, TIl~Wgn.I\[te

S,rnn~ was III

omll! more Il.brm bal. -' l1.ried~ w:i~h.l[ln1)' its head ·'."islb"re abeve tlIie sand. In his s"eep 'tile prinl1e had Q. vistan in \~d1 be. WQ1l llddmssed ])y I :un1.11kt1i'" tb UD:-gOO widl lHbom ru~ SpbirL't ~tJas id~nli led, willa I-iaid: ··1!h!huld "me-. g.az.e on rQ~. Q -[Qf s n Tutlhmo.si • for J.. thy rather I t M1mI!!dris-Do~rl.- TIJJ:tlu1 gmftl Ib~ s(.llVereignfy O\i'~r IJtc T\V(i Lands ,i,1l th SQuth WId Ike Nonh~. and iboll shaJ't VII~o.rbot.l~ lhe Willi ee and Ike :red. ' ". wns . the lhrone 511111,tblt· veteigu po-ss.es ing lbe. ewth .in ill:s hmsth, 1d bn:OIdth. The flushing iW"c of til liDro.O;r all .hall &i11,1~ [D rni~ (1(;1 nlC~ ~1 pt!!',!!e8'l'i't>n!s. tlf EgypL VillLIJ'tmlilL~k ftoil1 ,oJI foreign; 'caUllll]jj~ m U1rtd u long Ufe or many )lean as l1li" liho_!!.:n by die' un, or ln3l (!UUIJ:le-II n1. I lhm. my 'heort: i thmn~. no Cld'l r 1·J]uuIlIhY&i1!l j. min€!.. No\.q 1 run IW'I.,,\I tty Ilh· !!I:ItuJIof lhe 1l1ounlain em wbich I' rest. and bailie given ~bee. .. jh " Wil'i! 'liI1~.t IhuH .nll.Iil"M ilIll or I1H! whml rny henn ,dJ:;Kin.\s, Ifw I k!QIl.W
5

trlf):fu~cl.e_r: den, ni:grll. 1-am wjtb tll{:e, I am, dl) w:,dlb~l()v0cl [~m:iir.'·1 1'1'i1::: '!#i'I'i'C~ took W~liltnt0unt.eii lIS umvenlml.. belw~-n li~mMl!d Il,!! lod': he w1U 1nbel'i'l..[h~ tingdom,.l.f hi! le:r~b:S Hilc SlI.IlICi frol11
t~ou aM: InY ~gln!;'my

th!il Sp:bin.....lmmcdift'r~ly . ~s JU::tiQl'I, ral'i~:tI

Upol'll

ffis',ac~,ss.iol1l roltJe
1

,Illtirolr-l(l,

Tuthmn."il'l 11'1
llIieutory !!Wf

J > The ~g's, Itlhrt'ag~~Q:i~i)\e, 2)' IIi s wild.,cntliIH' Irtnm. ~) TIlt:: ool'()m of len )!en.R;," lton-tl~Juil'lg.~l 818
~~~n~db~ Ajtrellkofe~m~ Th~)I' fQP~~ll·
nm:n'jttg"tl: :to

'The rif:li~'j!I¢ b~~dl at' Yuytl ill medern rime's waswvilfn 1[1111: dlitta.very ducil'llg .ttl.\!.s®riuid h9Jfl~r~hg "l:a;St.rc,!!Il1~1)1 0(: ti:'jj~,e"riamnn~mmulh!e sC<ltilil.'i

b;,'l~.t.el],e.cl, [(I 'f'DUM t..i s '[:ratt(!ff I'be 'C!1ll'ii'e;n~J1It. ~O'PW~lYCtllQ ani!.

PrmcuS" Kil3gi~p:Ui" 1 ,i.j 11111'~OnBUiUctiO-fi

!~.ra. fli.U$l;lIlt:--laJre~!lJr

iIs, d'etill:s 0111 ~leJ~ '.!.l.

IUnlt i~ still '[0. be fou rlU

oi.'!,g~:dnsl

forelelf>, Yliiyg. \\lila ht,leJ,.I:\'jtlmtti an E:!y~tia..l1woman I!l.m:ed Th)iJt. p~~SiIbIJ ·!<I.E ~yaI ~100d (see :Mo' 8m:dc TWQ, Ctu~pmt ~J.~IiI~~ [0 ge[\~a::; Vi:7'jCli ",hem TlJliJtllIil:osris IV, diled Md was !iu~cled by _hi~ son; 1i.Jm1~nh~te(ll! m C:.,i ~-.1:167 R"G,)', Adfu~~10IW m, wliIP WiliS, Q!'IlyMetV€') ~ Q ag~ i\~ '!tie1iI'ne, brou wilh figyptnn'l' mlI~li[»~ fuy, m~g fl r8iU f'li£, .si~tpr, Si:~\ln. ~ !h(m ·'YiuyW:!'i\ (,fuu;gh1~'f: T.iye--~ooetf U]c-ugllt ttJ tila'~ !ken D'l'Illl1 abo"itl m.g~n~d1 mliMng: hiel1 mtJ:'Itr Il1OM.SittIMlltl hi;!: lG:rtm Ro;ym Wi!fe '~qll.OOOI)'.

the 1bre~tor

Itjle Spbt!li! I~e}w.le~n > tL'

~~ Ti}!e:, Q,IiJ,y Llu't\c ~f'U1;~ fillS sca:JlI~Iif!t~rdiillElg 11'i~ w.i'kf.c:mde 1~1.inL l>-}':"~ 2: 1404'~ .14m':?; n.c.). Ijh~ rna:rriilcp' lQ :eliflo~J)l& .iKl!'g~p,a(Y-mIT 1O~Il9~1)f Lli9S,ijl.c. a'rn,'(1 ~11i$Lnll::~\~J!] of the pJeru;ul"e I~e (Y-ew: l I: we' 1~95·~or 1391:1, B.c,~bilnnr~ 0000.,
YIlYBI 'U~illne,. A~

.Iiful.ll'f'i,~ge gi'\leID m'e.. (ancll)" LI~I; ~~·1 K.i~g'!!l' Wife T~,~ wh,tl' HY-clll, T:he name I)t her 6 mLber 110\":~jt,_. IJlen~e ,6f Itl":r. m~'rJ1O-Ji""lis'TJ:lYu. Sh~ h [be Wirfe pr H ~njghty Idng Wl~~ !!10llll1ei'fi boUbdu'1' i.01: Iw>;(IIS h4t1J.:inrrill/"_: ~:d~houglirut:E:8Cttnib. is '~
ii;fi fht ~Ol

!l~""'~

w-dU' as lhat ai' 11M;wim. \vas fn'Stl mellliQi1c.d jn 1116 0 f Tili~ m.a:ughl~r; "Live ~ .• .fC i1fI~ A m,iuilhamp (m).Wo'ilij' ~

:IUi;'"~,Y

!UllfJ 1'I0r~lcli1!:3..!i

a,[ready hB!'\'~~n

murt1eclto' ~Itye. WMIl!!

\'Vi~~tI-.C~ut1~ llul1tl1;r:arnb.,wHip!:) dat,cs AlirntlsJ!'.

Am'er:ini;lt!¢i Tuthri:II~'5+5 I ~

22'
:21

1SiS-1SSO
~55Q~'526 15:1'8-1:5 10

'lxars lite: lltRe..l ptiMi: ·'Y ~.fjf ~':~nd:.elrtli:e' Jr!;!tie.sly of'l{i r:lg A:rne1ibtl'lep .rm)· .~,hfeJ:l1i(~I.am'o'the Great Killg·s;':Wl.fe~iyGr ,Iivmg.Hk~ Rb,"l'he I~nmi! 01· Tiy~. jill t~cl. ;.~~,~ on nlll f1w !lC31ralUS t..nil tlu·~ ,of Y.u"jt[l,;;lll1cl "ruynCU'1 .
Un:: Klirgipa m,ilrti.n~~ ~~'M weU iJ:!i' ~hBIlliof rlI.ekda:ugh'~e.r:. "'... ~ the-'SOH tlf R1:', A.m:n.c·l'lh~I~E'J ,.w,). R;u1~f'"'(lf111c,llI;ts, wiJtJl'l is: gl'!illlted .Uflt; laIl:d} tb~

oom Iib~~t:wcl

dhl;cd;, A.l'OOfIootqJ n~:In~1I!'l~' 1Ji~

m mu.s:~
'on

life-

yerrr Qrhhj;r~~~nlWd

~or9 IS
20or~

Ttltl1mo5j$ U H;:nsh~plil.lt Th~h.m-C!l15 uj A.mel1~chl!p U

1510-14~ 14'1q-14W

511
lE 13 or r[I
:mor19

14"1Q-1436
14]6.-1413

Grelll KlrJrg'!;i~Wtl"c.. Ti:ye. wbo liv~lt: the maooe oj" Wh()~e: ~!'herWcas YlJy.0.th~ lWl1!e or ,\Yl:il.).~e,mtluhJCir· wnfl TU.YIl, Mamreils ImlUglu tn' hl:g,
hllJjes:t)l - •• Kit,!i,p~... tlJe d~wr uf ll1e'ctli~fuf NM~!!ii1", Siffltrrli:l~hmtU .Ihi; ~fiiefcif?jl~r hrem-~llrues.t ("U.), 3.1' ~l1'iom;,"

llItltm.~

1'V

, "'13-htO'S 1405-1361. '~7-1300.

1J.~,;,..1347

.Amltrnhot~
A'rJ'If' I'I~Qt~,

nI
IV

U. is if1t~'fi):~'Ifu.~. in
i~~I~m~ NIG'"ie,rl l(iJ

'ih,t':

'Qo:rnewr of tile

.s~bs

1J11n:ad .1B1~iitmi',';

ernit..

,17
3 9J
.2"1 Dr
~

Ret>fJttlfi' OJ'.Egy/#,
l;);at

{iM[henilt;;:!nl Sem"lJ'li~hkaf·e
T1J.lijf1~ml.lrl
A'ijrJ

()i~~um; Ma~~lIemI~ber
~jIe,coru;!U..,itill1. ['l~nt!i: 13~1-1'339
U~-13J5, 11'Ji5 -1

1/-: "1'11~I'Jlllgtlll a.f mepawlll'fuJ Ti~ is. u. :n3tj:~ '~ID'pti.ll!ti. ruild"ld~ ts ,~,Il': ,!lost probu-: the pe,rsjSerem pubHC'tIIti!lll.· Dr l1'le flames ,riif he-r'imti1;lecl

on I.b~~ mrud other .sea.!1iIb!i iu lIuli. ease l;emm.lclb:tt. ,tlII:h~IJ,~ is

.1 !\1a!imlIll1l1u, f[mll
dtll

HOl'Cmh'islb·

::ma

111... IlriUt"(...."'I \\'1,

1,IJ.lpe.r(,lnn of: mnil'mil

[l1lq

\/II1]:a'rnrnIkhil'lLi. n

W n!ilcnl \I~l'!Il(ln1m f l1el't1o~.

j_" '~till~"('I.mmm~.

?'lw i'iinmsi'l! D7/ ill

"I I'/)I'

. Na~I~lrfl ~n)fl.

MJi~P:of.;U,

~ f:fi..vpr

PVmNi(jJ.I~., Ailll" Oalli1in~F

11, J'ljt~m ~lcJlty Ernn ~t!l. C'op.iC! ~f [lilt ~iI;lo \~Im, fj:I!j(l'fil'iUird. lilY I ~I t'IIl'~ 1'l11fl!' I n ~);d(!''i1I:111'11. Tll~ l~mrl'~illll~I,I' I'UlftliJi u rlL' N, ~~rl'll tilL,·ihio11'JI-esf.l'lb1.ir.!i~ \ 'I filii f!, ," fl III • kmJ'~~'1 11'1"lln'l(llInQ: rfl.'ll~ifw NlII!!~l Ihe filJll'hflllc..~. ~ III
·,u nI',U Rm
WII:;. (I) ~fJl.

of H\~'Il1Ut:eeI1Lhl [;lytlJl~~f.'iJ11i~diif.tl~jjl)' .is_" l'~w~ \it¥el". l'Jioi' iJii!,UiWed bysu.~:PIlS;il1g, hru:lilf ;forc[gn bit1I.~" It is im:re:dll!:I:c; thll~: ·anynil,el:()'u~d ide!!lllify hell' with, lfit:gipll,I)!:'I \v1I'lGSe ~mage. s:oo.rab slht}· ul.n.~.ltly !1I¥lIlII:-llIJS tile tiudetry us. ~111eeJl.tillIe !IiI

pu1l]m~~~ b'M~_bs

1111!' llifS'[ ~tl:air !J~ I!U~,nSClrip,ti!Qfi, but ~1illS s.c·~!l~;S:[C,~preseMrog !ili',e t.!n1 i go'ddw, Bc-$.. iiJj~_i:Jflg \¥i:~l~ ;l<im:b.i'lw:iTI~ :ti¢~'lWil';e;J~~w.1J IIDltib~edr~ l~er

i~ ms:t Qli:I!;!',(}n dt~ who i,;, mus,

I'~~gtlim::d by ~e ~gU13Tiose-nion of lIer n~ll~ein ,the t::itl.,[I.ru,."h~'~TIlnG\f~nion WiJ:$ ~tlirii:iIi'l(l1l~ 1JlJ', An1fGI'll~C!r"tp 1',1', ,?-,ho' 1i'!ser,j,c:=dhis qjjIJae~'~ fimlne iilt [Jln. S!lil'll~ way _ ,Hi S '(::J'lhll'1l'Ic.ruID !1;i1,Cl."e~Sli:t\ 51h!!w th ~ dnI ~ h].dirta~t(l I'll.

i!$ B.e,.liowd 1\!e:ri~ QiIlIJil~ sillles, IPl'usa ~~I oonlaimn·g:Sil~U~. om liug '~I 'b,O.uqUtl:t0r IQhliS nOW~l'l'llo tin: seated QlI'.R~mtire. with a. €'~I00001" [be
'''ti;le;elfl,',s, 'IlIl'ia111and arlotrn::iIfF!iI:1\:!,~S $LnndIo;f!l be'bnJd. Allo!te lhe guam is

ure.... (II _ TIU:]js, Ilfel~'Ppo:~ru

I~i~ ,_ ~~ide:Yi.

J1J,m buck.,Tll~ , ~!±Q"'tiI-~rcir ~he

anCl l110 whole pe:riocl, fram L1l,~ wne: ,of Am.enfuG<lep' ~e e~oo~ of the lii!h~ml1th D.Yila;s~]S ,ch'ltraQ.te,ft:5~d ~J dl~ mi'IDt1f1F1 ami! poomlllen.t EWpr:eSIll~_n!ll1lJ fh~ ,u_~~~s(lin Mil s:1laIe:' cw~lIDl;)rij:l. (11 !i~cli,·1'Ml!limner1lS is l1e,\I~r 'llVed durlng Illl'is; period. ~fld aed dUlnng li.ls'son-in-law·S:'ri~lgn. is ,pW'IJidoo Oy'me' 0hjedS ibunlll.w his mmb ,\lith
An:ml!1hOl:ep nrS.nHlI'Ile on me~~lihe

m [~

FiSlnili h,i~ci'.'" Iillrt1il~f evide;Il~' mait

¥~,~

jll!i'O'le~-bo~"II. tin: t,;bt~"t and 'l1h~

'·a.la'fJasllllf

'V.Woi}--,and ,It~,.:ltbSc~m~1$of Q_I1IY'gifts frutn

'iCc!,;d~d lWn. td"ibttn3:Lett. Wl~i:lOIit C!:O~Ie;); 'Iotryii~g, ItJ'eslla~Jti!l~1 lJiue.ll~ci!ie' S'e,~ ~ tlis, 'dt.il:b. hQw~'lterj we 'e;nctn;m~raP'!~j(1lt difUclJll)' ..l'h~re iii rIo t\l'U.e! [If ~Jt)'ldmltl ~Cll~ found ~J'iWnt!: I[he' .iil'l}K,nptiio[l:~ nl'l' YIliYrl' rilj,n~ry rliillniTUilf~~ flClif ~r,\ !l1eJte 8'nyooi.1GNI'mt' n 11:IlLl't1.~'or un, BYIlI!.t rlJ!al can help us

'11 ml~tWJ10

'.~Ui!;-

~ Rtl.y,m1 '!il01t~!)ud1ll (31J avat oogctimt[lilflirn,g IUCl'Qgt1filllic u~m.e.s Md «Ue;s,~'1lie 6r~1lI:lR.1£l~·tJJ Wl~ TI}'I!":"_'while.,1lel1Jln~ Siram.ilJl~,br net mmlE!e.~$f1 "''Iltiitten in a Ollnlnh::I~i:l:' "P'~'~,o!'jJif we w!il[d ttf,tht l\wo Lw:1$\. ,mtan~un.~· D.til pru1. a U"l~ rn.s~iplt@911 roJaJ,i'_qg 11) Lh~ ("liner prnf!ce~-m the ,cent C,Q,U be-nmm''ThedalJigflOO'tloLili:e ki!ll . __ " ~e.ooI'tU!l:& Ito T1~'mie' M.Day;s_. 'lb': ~:meniftlian$~rd:li:s sf!C'(.II1d·€hwr ,ru1l!): tllal il m~ ha~c bub:!il h1ad~fQir 3 ,chil~. MIdi. ~ .~:t_tgo~dj:b~ IiillJb~ oll'and p~lCl1ecl ,iJ,gtWl in ,plflC~,. it is protiaJ!jlelila'l ~~ pm,~ess ~~~ i~ Jt~t yqi.J.Il~' reaFS. The. th1rd ,tWd .birgesr (!of !h~rr::n_3.ii'.'f-whicb.ii!Jj!.;'t:Irdill
I~

bel: lflu:ne 1Q1l<Jfi~- im;\ide

part in the !iG'ID'f).'h. i's":SlOmiO'ielfl~. l~e t.o M~ b~e.B uBOO b~!~ ~IVWTI ~rn-h!;ls. !l'P the ins.ide'nf 1r.hc,baDk,:a dbubit: m~ of Sil1U:Wl,\J:!l. :s~led ant,;.!r~"t!e,i·:Vin,g lle,9kJ..;l~1;! ~rgtiJd: fifu~ 'aJ ::jl;
tO~lk

11~g I,(J James

~!lil1be.U" wh~

ltl) e8~roJhh !be :ye:~. In fiwt;. "[he JtuOOSl pr~i~~ dfile \VIe: I~ ..ve: t·or V~ya ~(ng ~lh'e i!j: Ilh,t': ~h re:co:rlclin,~ Un: C;fJ~C::1l0rl "'f lbepleasu.ro ,~~ in' l~ ~ c,levtnltl ,~ut dif Am'I~h~rJ}p III:·s 1'ei.gn.' Nt "I;FIJ;i~lI.!SS, if;~~$.~Wb]~ it
~il ,make, SO-IDe'fli,rl]let

n'mA:idBI'I.!fur

rurme, tWiris L:.im~wili:!Ju'L

OJ't.'bIi.1ifci'Ie, is '!ilI1.ntl!!)1l 13k,.:!;).

b~.

r,e·ilSQnlls>le

t]~duI::UQlllS nbo~1 Ii'il;,

lire.

O~:e:

of EM

nl~l

...glrli'l'ical~[ i

"i~c:es

S~:b.ol~ -h~\'1: idc:otilfi·etJ Sir:ru:tHl.nni BS U1C !If:iI!~gJll'itli'of Atnellh~~plrB' ,and c~l!im thtll ITI~ ki.I~~'ll1ll!['r:i6d h~r. "be.lie!.'~,. ~ rn s):afll 1~1]I.i:er~ Wul !l11~was, ~h;~ 1nfrul, s:iSl:et, ~S'~]nl~s~boIJltthroo ,Sit rffile [im~, wb.om Amemili~U<ep UJ n::m.rnet! (.0' illh~c ~W:' tbr~m~.TUlh~n.QSls IV ,i~IolQw,llI to

;'~4 Ti1.a,

,ofe;'IIid:e;l'I€e is the' dIre!! vh.ail'S,

ftOOiiu Ul hi:$'tOJi!!lb, rh8!t belonged ~o Prince$ S:itffl'Dl1tlJ]. lb~!jJ)iI'~atiOIlS in lUl£ height, widllh !IfUi! depl1&or Ute ~h~w~~ 1.hi1~ t.li1ay ~ 'mll,d'efer lJ:'Iie; F!dl'!~~ at t1~ d~ft1.~d ~La:ges IQf'lt¢r gWwm,g up,:
HGiglilt

h 3Ne!~fld a'! ]~IDlI two !l:Il1l!i,,1\'rIDieti~l1'hlol'l::!!l~d, Amfl'l!.tlll'Lt:lp~ and fall r d~ ~g'I1:lel'S., TBJI(ru[n;ul]. A:m~li1pel.Ti.a. H!!1d. SiLanilllln.. Amenem)IC:L and Tcn~l:l.It!!Uf! ~aLh We.d!iJlI.tly Wild were buried 'Witl~ ('hrur fariIru- In hI:!<;llJlub, Si.rall1lln wu~ tb!~fOf~ ~till ~lye at tile llQ'le of haWi'fru:b&t'sde~.tbi.

Hel" m:ame app~l!Irs. ~dallg wl'~r1'ahal !!If

Width' liJepth
It)U l::!m
(L~

~lfJ~mli!}t~p ([I,

inside

1l eae-

(1U: a,~o hI ~lll)be th_::Hi~,i'Q 'lliu N~e!lJi!iJpoU(arnl l'V~u,setllrn in ~~W '(~Lk:

Qft 'fIUI!

FtI:5't~air SeOO,I"!~ dUlilr Thimth~rr

M~mm
ifi1SmlW1

<'IOOrnm
iBI3O'ml1'll

310mm
410mm

Wc.Uru.: ~n!'ij:deII~e' CmDl1!I~tle

'of tne tll~a'e'(:t!'l~Jn;. Tile ilJll~tip~

77r.:1lmrrn

S20ml'l'l

SdOmm

tlte tJti$ht ~Iue ..;gb.zeEi fOOence l[ruJlbt.., '!'\fhie~l ~ri1I"b~bly 'am~ fr.QI$ Q ~il'(III!'l~'l'1"!,"~", pnJ.nce ill tOCle.K1u~~s Mtrl.l"'llio, 'C!o~plex at l'h;c:I~'{::;s~ ls!!l!!1e' of .the
ttuliilll
111~llll Irmfil'itirl~IliliIo.~ h","'e

nlMnillon~ltlal III I "IILhi: lUI'

Jed stl:b0hltS lQ t~I:~~~he, "!~a~.,....uU!&itl!!..h[l il~ my Sim:lll\Jul. Wo'f!. Atl1l~l'Ih0tl!"'S daLj:glne:r +lJ£ weU a,s.:ru~ ""1f~,
(t~b m 'tl:t'RCJI dt"/m\'~l1ii1J'-:li7$','i'
W~

rip

~BIAllt/lJ~ whie~

J5,

Irl!ll~~ut('d m; "rhl! g~H'IIJ ~mll ! N. ·h'lmUl/-Ii,;t'J,

.kil1g·i dflughteli,

liti~g "R

gr",n~, ife: SJL-Al'rIIJJ) 1:'1 fl'is, 1.h ~·ref-eren~d! o''kin,g' ',~oghoolf' Iba,llEI.is l pt!cSUMll, ·sdoJnt$ .l'Iat she, ~ tbe [laughter of Amoohruep' Ill, R we~ru: as In DLb _r easss ,nen,a, 'pri:ne_ss or 11. queen I

1lUttL,

descrih

d as being the daJLli.gh{·eofuf

(I

king, ike

l100l~

af the kig.g.i

;nOL

given. Why Lhen

tbr: 'P.S 'upp,liou d'mL it \V1lS A:mi\ull~ [!til 111' ratl'1ell' tiran hi father. :rudml:o.sJ ' IV! MGie~vtT, ~_ycIMmiiig IC?be Lh: Ilkiing's g;real
w,jJ~,"·wllttch wIDi Ti~e·s. liUe. SUl;I'n'llm'jb er:.aUmlgmg liiye. ·pi:ISi1ron.
fL'II

reirrtfCirtiin;&, Lbe ide-a. Lhil!t "he was, the heke&'i her bmtllCl' l'DID'ired
inherit the throne, Tille POO~ll\!ll;;.Or the Qhwr:s W('Ij i:nd:w.ne5 lnld

deaili.
IlrCM

'imDltOn ~'lI

she I,"

uya mil111rn;:t ~'~ssorllf yet ~ ~ un, Q<l1alr"----'Wlile1 these. three clm.i~s: 10, ~ 1nclmiled t~ rhi! Ii:Jmr:M)'flJmitlJllt~;Tim.
age---and llile

wu rea'red ,p

Ilft-er hl!rf~lher~em . , M e I:i:een alleelS} at'four

and the evidcnee of [he smarabs.. '!lu~gt:~llbat 'fllya'!j del.1llil colllldnoL

b~\';e:'Qc(llllf¢d elLdk.r ;th Il.iI!l Y.:;.tt' 12 ur. I J 'U 393/2 Of t3'9~; 8.,1:.} of I Ame;rul!)l,!.:p [It's reignl• TI~;, of C'ClI'l1tse. iii_ IUUlQ &j'Rluu h di~d lake nOI IPtH'" Ilflmr in hi:!; ~Iij·i:n·law'. reign. wiiic!il Hi l:en ,l]ooording 1.0'U'1I1!een• ~tlIrn] tlllti~~ (140:5:-1. ]1\5,7 I~·.._) fOf !ll,itLlf~e, lu II thlny-niu yell,J3.
I

pmoM dUrer hi me m n r, Arrbu WeigaU as.se1'ts-witheur

gi,y;in_g

lBilIJ

divlilad illic fUll.

,nQy Tie$on_,in ws, book lllt]. halJ~

died, and Thya ~ en mUow.etl htmlu lin: ~

"~nsome.where.

MJe t"uI rtm~.'f nf

kh 7JtI1en ~Ilm l!l1I1~t ~'i1

~'<lllIJfl=!l'HIlJ:nl' ...

'~Ml. fll!' M h' y

bmn ~~ )".

1390~ .• Llull "r.~ye·~·t1I'~, r

Yay.

"111\ lrift: v~ IW,I'IIltIJlm!l' ~h 1I'llgllllHr4i:!, ~-iM;l:ro f 'hI.!. d«Jd.

I LUCIUTl

e," III contrnSk Cbri$,uue

lUil'lTni"- j;J( wi I h.

De.iOO~Il~N(!Ib1e:c.\,)f\Jfl, rue fOl'I1'l!1J,r cumlo;r, Of (he' ~DP:tmn sel)l]1ln ef m~ Louvre' Mus;eIlJ['1fI, I1illIb clle :!I,[aI~mlll1l~ag&m !Io.vitooLll !i:vin;G my reasnn-e-in ber book. Taul},lk/lmmm tl:UIit Y'I1YIl. died in Yell! I (Ll~4 (II"
ij "'.., IS.C.)
[J'

II fUII'L,a Il ij~u,IJr\'~r. !t.·tMmIUlrl [lit! 1:1)' II. c IifltlJ'U'IJ3ge: mlL<\t. J'hrJI(}:.r: C<;(lltdll'1.Io~1.I1Ii

A.l'lu:nb

ep ID' . reign,

Th· . jl\m1l01l iii n I" mad any leater ~ (be: r:._ '1 lh~~we do " '1 know d Yu a waS wben he dietl Until mcrdem t • fmlqu ,uri: UKd to exami.lll ro· .mu:rnnry.ami some of I.l1D OOntcllLlI orbi8,11 rub. we till e nothing t'o go. all e~ct!pl the .opi ii'iJi01'l S'.of Sir audtan El.Llolmitb. (he HIlStDIfliSI wltD !!;oln(t1Jete~ ~be; iIIi,tinl e~t'lmICiinto",1, and l::ra!lt,i"I'q! MtlSVero, 'Itic Dhceclot~Gen'£irnlof" (3alm MU$eLllirn fJ,t III nrne, Eo! liCIt Srflillh uj(j. i~ a repll<nI IilllbliShJ:id n.Jamea QlJlbeW ;bo!lk, COI.ct!rigmJ _g~1t6rNl,Je. "mhp.rt_ ,011MJiSee uu Cnlr(l. in J 90 .,~1:IIree}'OOllli aft,;t)' [.!tie.', U'IlCO\ltN'Y or Yu1' a' s h
W0

Plrlnr:etl 'WOO[l!i9l b :>!¢si !b~l@nglD' ~~ b" Tl!!ej' C0Il1i.d.IWd qunlilil;~ r ~,\'hflllf!. ~.hfdl'I'iDUN!/ (~lnbl.im1IIlt= 1illIm_1III}' !'if [1110)Jct~~d.,\'!jt\'£'Js~ t roll!! wn: Il ilCllli: s~lll.~lnifli!l~'h.i.1ifJ it! n:r l[nlll-'UfltliIllw rM. f/Wfl.!:' ilkti'M/mtiWii

V.U!o'D:~'tll:' kl~em IWlS".i\.'nl~1.11lltllil'!Jl h1'2l1lll,!bl;ll(lli, 111~ lmiJ ImCJ1t 1l!mkcll. b}' I'h~~!y b:!lfIb f'Qt;:be;r .ll'iill""l1 t'Uurld, rdrgD~um. IJ!IW~i' tlllIlI1lUIlnIilI)l', !lilt'k CI.1D~]Li fllii.lID\I'C tH:'IllI;~kl;ogtl~uI,('lioin og1wn ~ in, 11,' Phil rmMJ P/I'I/'I: 1h_f<iJoJ M''''~lIJI1

, 101' I 1~:(Ili'i)lmin'lfJl[r l1if1IM~ ,.'mtli1!s

,fl1ill'i ~I'ILlh,IJI\t"

P/irH(>. ' wm ~"J~f'I~ll

I '" I)lf\ 1.:)

Bed

'\IIM 'pill

lied

11'·lIllri[O~e. DirI~ ~I tW',1) (oWili:ll j , !.hE

I !Iill} PIIeJm'Cat", ~11I.\(·(~jl'

ItllllTl'~'mIHil~~~' fHlIII ·'il.mtl'k. III

(\mll1 h!: l:t~v.:b.::icn

t!hil:

nubl!r

UI 11I.I!.II.l:'II'}l~/.r,,'· Itlm Iitrlj,llJI.wl

s: ~
.:t

1"

i s

~. ,.. ""~ ~
S
":

iii s§

'" ~

l lW'I

I 'l'uthmn~~,~,rV.;tl!lLl ~

mlllh<

TIn. fD~mdIlt

K(!d"Ililk.
j

fflllJtj)~ elfiN} J1lls('mll

IIJ1FT' ,'1111: D~,\Il,1' 5h;!\;, ( 'f 'nul II'IU, 1-- .\i¥h1c11 hi: plL~CIWI:'!Ilq \~"o!~1 il""

~lq:.;;,@r

dli!'

splllU I,.", ,I

f~I"('fll"11

lti I!OVl:ruuJI,\!'-1'l!-11J1I."~lill·!l' Ml. WI11I

whallll tf1i:' Sl~in~ \\'JI'I' 1~~ulil'j:\'d. i H ~d'I tl'l~1'I!! t Ii±!y ~"INW r'I~I'"I iIIlI I I II

,\~lil10111 ,'Ulil'llhlJh'jl

III 111111 hi

IuIIIH~ ~I' 1 HI

}jJ~' 'rh~ (rilllluli, III 1111'1 • i Illrll,' t' "",. ,1,'h.'IIm

,II m.:'I'111)'

~.o~b: ."Tij'e

n:uu:rowj' o·

' ' II' uaa is t'MILO

I:IiI1 g Td,. w.hJ·Ic'-fuai.ted

m'M'] • . . Hj!l

'til. lli'!liu ur Aln~nb rep rn fi':MI~1:hi!~ I~J'lIItp: ~j1Iid !It ~ 'tr.\'~"

lair. mb"" '8I!&itic~ '11~t)w by e'rmbatll:rll~g J!rl'!u.erialS'. \vm: per.l'e,~t~; whi~ It the b~e of bi~ d~thr ,. . , Tllit ' ti:ll (;'if the l''OfctIUUld. a'" w~U us d:mt. of ,&1);cI'l~eb .. is: rti'okJed. In ruteftlpling ID' (ieOOnnine the ap that Yrnaa 1100

<!lImned. <II the li~ of:hi ,(lmrrh IhJere ill! H[tJ;e I~ Hil)' on l~ood his 'gemem.l appea:n.w~~ his whlte>hlllw and \"11Id.nldtd I;jkill.lf. !Ul1llhl?&I:''1ligtit gruu:n~ we es~llt:e hi "'ge I;lSnb01;ll ~ty 1ei!llrs~ lr .m.U5It be-. undcrSto d, ~II~ e mWtl~ L1 f!I,tl[, u(lb Q liig:um ~ J11de. 'm ~ ifum goes wo.rk." (i,il!StJ[)d. MQS,pem hat:! been lese c utiOu < in til • f0t"ewotd k ~le to 1'hecdom M. JiJa\llS' g .hltlok. 11ft: Tomb "if lnuiJ'tI tm.tl TOidy.m:l. pu.b~hilu~d yeAr 'lallrHer! '"1Ol!liy. ~ W1I~ la, 'roUyiYOIJi lIl~edat. a t\aidy ndvaa~d t,go' th·~ h.airs are wh~[e.ulld the 6){8n:i~l'IaUO:D .or tllr=ir" lbudlit:!il does not 'Ct1Jttradi '1 tl'le: veAii 'L ~ f ['heir hair. It wlu Aul bg 'it IrQ·"tajkc: lo SWilethat 'me IlndreuDhed M ,age owl' s,i' ly. ffniiO the rebnivepo. it Oil, 6t' lh tW9 S"4JC'qph~§ ~liIlthie.tomb. if. seew- rmtl all.: hUBba.nd wasthefirst to die; blJlllJ;!'e mLllmiaJ, ill' lackfu~ [0, Wl:i3de diis qLllel'lIliQll." Alm:I1IQlJgJ~ Amal1.hnEep aI's IlJme is Lhanl), king'l> nlID~ 'f;I)' h_ found in Yu &I~S tmtlib.!hi slu'I1!,tW Iilot betaken ~ ~g;liliifying, lI!Iomalic.ullyth 1 it was Arri~rlih.~ ~p HI ,\:~,ti(lant appo'ITlecl' yu,'n w> \1'i2:ieraM 'p.lt I j~, hi!i many rJrtes. Thu fa'l Utll8T rh _ ,flew king. jus.! aftet[ ac:eflidrn~ t('J I:hCt.,thitoIlC. lUi!:de lI:"uya·s dnu.ghre.' his ,qU~OI IndiC"~ru~l!IHit tIley must b.... ,e ~nnwn v i!io'i"C:b lJ:tb~f well as cbJld:mn. Thl wi."Iutd hllveo ~cn po..o:;sibJe on:b if if WI,· Tnmm~ i" IV who nppoinred YUlIs to, h', pO~L ¥Lkyl:l'S rilie& mc]tJ,d,etl Maf.I~I· of mcHom~ and: [ll.\pu,t:y ef HiE Mtrjesry in llie Icn~u'iOuy. while T.uyuwi!'i the k1Jlg". "omllfm:ru:I'(" (Ji.h-n /loP.)J a po '1·r!'lll[ might be !;aid to comh,il1e we' ,llliJritl..!l,tlf iii. modlotrI1r hli.d or ~d h.tdy-in~\V Itmg. YIl),a's tillk Rl'Idthe po idun OIr bm \1 l.r!! ~ ouId bile r«il:lired Lhem II live in title R.oy.al l'esid:encc. WI lhe:se circlJm.smncf!:s ~ e tan 1I1n~rstarilll blJ;v !J:u~y' tJitlg J'ril Ct."grew 'up witb T~y~. b~c;rll11e,e:m::illllJ1t0tl. 'Ii ifh her i'!i~a,Il'IMe' her hi~ 'q.~~ when he Quine 'til rile IlJliI1)ne, IT this is !ill) eorrot:t jnt,~rpre:.tfiL1QJ!I. od we assume ("orrthe ake ~

urgnrnen; that:
I. '
U}'H \

in;

sooy when hi;' died

dtuing

Allhmholl!p

m.

o~elroi.,glii IJf

blis

n~hl·la~.
was at lean

2. Ii~ l'"oul'I

!:lUI Ilm.l·

dilidl

he[o;re the ,Pdnc~s

If

SiJamlm

ti(~CiCl1)'t!ill'l.ii, 0*'

ng~. bctou.\le'

rh c\·it.ltmt~

r tho

threechairs,

3... Akhend;ten ,s~t!)d for a''llme as ~Il;-rog fl'LWllh M fall1e:r ruW YMr
16

oJ AlII1eJlI1~ U!~ D i tful_~l'.W I

t, d~leilli:s:J!:a""tQ,g~1lC)' Q(I)uJd Imvt:

~!Jn.

It (ollows tlllilt:
4.~
~~)'lldied

mld 1)19Jl S. He "It bonl ~1 s.tlroe tim~ betwe:e 11 IJ~3f2 nd ~4i~~"'8 .c. ~

at &Oro~ t,rnll be<J;l1.!,!ill:en13gm

B,{:.

Kings from the De ert

~

']"b(lte

are fOl.!f

~lJm'J'!imfl~

to .the; accepted theory linn J'ooopln nruI lbililt

,[sFM-Ut,e$ mnvett In Eb'Yll'I~ at

U'mk pla~ m,ore ~nl1 J Uf llI~ild ikiJ!:g of the Ninete:nlh DyltAslY,: L

I}m~ u the l'I3"bD ndeDl' omd tlI~ E, UdU8 oonluri~ ,~cer h11lhe; ~ign, ,of Ram a [J" 'th.:

Til .e~j(:
R~s

c in id.~c

tbat llie Hyk

were. 1ike the Isl':ll.eIht:.\i"

Jb.llir1c ~hephCJtl

2. The mf-cmqce E0 ~~e I. mel,iles hlJl,ymg seltheD. at (JQsheID "in .t~

re t'on,," wbieh is .!,heonl ~n the Old Testwn:eiH hUl1dted' m nlliQR

or a PhM1l!ouil.: l1'illml!

3.'. 'Ffi~ four

year' tel!:. issued by RID1lIRes n. which pro,vid~ ~ link with Avarl~, 1ft. H)'k${~s Cqpilll
lah!ti'le,ul,UHU the. ej6urm in EgyPl ,_ QUJldl 13BU 430
eM

4. TIle IlllilHc:a]

ThE!, e fa.et5 Ot ~oge:lbGr"so J[l~lIy 111 JiIilon)f mspecES to l. lhgJlIm.\I(! htu! an i,m·1 dbfe appeaJ f r'L1t! m"Joot)f of sc:h;QJIU'S .. e:Vi0J") if th:0:Y also eon tuiu i:n'hel'E'l"I,t iJ:u:;~'$;illite'l1~i~ m;n f:I~,,~ 1n.:,"I,lJjl~d sume sG'~li1,g~,cQti1~pl:'in I j ens of u:r;gumm. [ [0 tr:}ILO e P sill "!Jon iAcQl,~.sim:£n .• es 3i ,~I~r. n~' rmijOf q dlffil;.uityi:s ~h.a~ me'jlher !he Old . I!'J!tallli· 01 !lor !:he. Konml Ilrfers ~iruel h Iv hl 'Ih¢ ense til-fft the}"' at no time ghcl!aIliY ilulwal'im ef Ilh.eid'e;nlit~ of )j!f"l'~ ruler vhen J'o!leph t'ippruedl en tln;c ·welltll.J:n lire b bheEl.!! SHU),0t
JIUI'ICI)lI. lihe Eg"r,~!W.,·:fuive·re.ig:rl

i~[~f~

ie-as

;'111'1"0~[ljg ..'" ..·the

king 0-(
11,"

hii Ill,'- "Pl~~lrnh. ll1e .kitlt! <Oif Bg~E t' hUlmainly . 1

tml.'ll}' as .'PtI~

whJob is a fer'll Of~ginaU. it dl~sJ;gn fhe ~o £~eo~ and hh~;eH a ~ peml'tlQ,-

Imm ~ ord f:rnm Lh! Eg_Y'PtiM pt')' (Gre!1,l Rml' . ted ~he Roylll pal~c:~ but it wru; ~a.twr tlu,gfeooed (0 h~r '!;ltn. 'thml dl:ll!l EiSllue.eijlth l)YOt1foty, ,t the !king _fit lIe' (OUI ,elf ~e:s;Pc:1Il 'for lite 'pctsO!l if LI;L~ ,king. it [ \!,tQS tb _ pll:acttc ~. ,ivt\id WljnlJ lu' : W~ nRm, in !l*e~lj,. N!;1II' doe; !he Diblic!i.l !'lMl1ni:oh leU. the 1l,ili!M1!' tl'le cll:pi'rw f:}i'l)l' \v!\ere- Plmmt!h ,oi :r.~ided in loseph's time" an OI:J:llsS')on tb8~docs not mase ~tMy easier 10. :reJ.ut'l!I.b.e palri,iWZ:b to',g spe,cifi~ ~rim! 'of I1IlciWlt .Egypt. The ~0rnn' i equo1ly uM~lpfull in '!.I, e r;especs. T'he konillit: !i1ory of
Joseph we _nn~:y"Lhetm Al h1aUk,

ae

It!e:_f.thl~ • Fil"fl_\

Ph~

h), do, ,n·.

uiPpe-dJ'at aU in SI!JrDXIhlniJ!.i· ~o be ft)lllld In UU!'1<~nl on])) us -tupCI' name, A.tFJI""rll'lti'J. refening EO lilta' ruler at tJi-e Lime @! Mose.." Ul,,,
Op;Pll'!iI~lt:m and
1

-Tile sltua noJ;l is tiOI ~~.

me.- 6xoo!Jl'..~.

lin] i iXl'J.icbl~cl n ~bh gen .. i end ~em1}1 [hn:t U oo\ll_ltl n,ppJy tOI mwm Lan' peri 00 m an ilYitEg;ypt eX~llt ... :U 'ETic PeeL. I.he la[e lPimfe:~tlr O'j' E:,gypl(}[O'OO' ,ro U~i1'POoI Uuivcrutjr. p.o.in~ed cat ill his b,()QIc,figtpt'UI'ld thE' ,(fJltJ :P.e,l'fam'en • "Thlo: It'~f.eren~. LO charie,. do mde~t1i;ndi~ilte Lbal lht; wrlt-er ~ dclllCrlbrng DI utllt !jf lbi 118.~'nQt loor;t'i~r 1IJi:l3:nlin_' Hykso8 'date. w'he11 ill ~l'lOl'lle 'Was t1!11it
l

_looenp,lJotl of I~(e ~er

mlY lea' im" b' phataQ]l ilo fO$£j@"

we..act tl:!ru the P'l.mraLeu.c.Il's-

ifilrOOucedi Intn '8g;ypE."

ICQ/llr-u Aprf}IIQm.

I'l wo J'ose.phu:i, Lhe' .Jewim hlstorian. ,. b:olllisl £:U~J!esloo. in his bonk

,wr~u~n l{)w~ lhl:. '~lid' 0 'lb~ fH-sl 'WIlLLU}i' A.D •• thai !he ~.fa¢li~s" dewUU fnto Egypr and' Ibit ~cllr look 'pl .~ dudtlg d~. Rykio r1J]~.:ro eph~. 'qliJod'n~ M~thfJ, ,~ ~lia!ll1'ifil~ [ Iftb~ lltlil1d eiltury ti:;C., .giVetl'IJ.!i.I,he [o]l9Wing .acCOLlr:llor llieQf~ill;O' nf 1lii1~-Hyb\os roler.': '·Tillitnnius. l.n ItLis r~ign. fur wi'lat '!J:a.um 1 know 11OL.I.l ~IUl.,or God mGiIe Qst .and one};:~u:cil fmm ihe m,glUJ1 ~):tthe eas.t invad~115 G OOsour. ~ .miltdled incuJJfidenue)lf'ictory ogainl uudand. B mrun 'fbn;.: tbey ~1!Y se~ed1 it Wltln~UI 9IlJ;iting a ,blQw~ mid hawing (,l,~(i.'tpOYI~fi'.dl'lhe '~IolD 0:[ Il~o I.a-rn:dl.they t~~, b'l:ln'ted our t:~tle~ roLblessly" ~I.!~ ,t&i mJw.. go:n:tfld ~h" remples ,oI the g'IJds. ,ood mYOOd an 11m !Un'hlifls with a cn.ml h, JiUty. Mrm..• . !il!leril1S ome-' and lwdill@ into slo.ve-ry lI~e w1\I'e!i·,antl chi Wren r oliml'S. F:infillIy. ~Y,;.lip l:me.d, ~ killf 0'11eof theif;l:l!umtler wh~e Ilanlle Wmi Stll iti s. lr'ie hlld hi, ~at t1~ Me.mJi!h ~.6. 1-\iym:g, 'lrlbLmte from Ulll~r aud ~ower Eig,,!:,,!, and uJWJ~", leaving gl:lm:of!!s, benind in LItle r1Il(1~1ad\'!Rll~l:!.,\ pl~s.

In tbe. ._elhmiie n.0IDll0(the patt 'i!'If~-p~ [,ol!he 'fltlllL 0. rM N~ delta dmf' \~I:l flMrIi~ after the y>dI Se(b) he 'otn1d a IIll}' \',~~I ".worn. ~y i~'Yl;u,ed (nJ t't~e: Oll'· t ~f m.ne BulJe..'iI1te trranCibr I) Ihe de, I apu !EalleUl A ~n ~. ':er an Iigei;J;!n~ reutlOu~ 1~J7!1dilti,on•. ~isplBae he r.cllui,Er an 'omJ1:ed with ,m~ive w;d1s .. ,.. ~ccordi,ng I.{IIJ ~phus. tb~ we kic'g , wbo S1JJ(.cL'Cded SaJjll..5~BI1~m. :ApacElmell •• tt:ptlph~~, larma. an ~ A.sSi~~.ruved' e er • more and more C'ol~r tn e::«i:rpllte Ilh:I!~U. n ~k. Thlii,' raceUiS wj:jole·wns called, 'jting·s.hcpherds.o" or Il."k irI, th _1ICred [a!!lguag,c mean· ·klDfl" ~:I 3m; in oommop sp~~bis, ·s!'1epherd' Jo~epblUi, then .g,cC!o1 :1:110to nd!opt In hi!!, own WQ~ 'Nhlne;i'bo'S ~colllnt of the: subse:QWb~t. Egyp,wm revelt ,a. . al 11 t lh •. 'l!igg- ''b.qt~ms'' aDder (lt$ prln~s ,o:f'T.h,ebe-s wiA:(I hUQt,esl2!l1Lil)Jied the EJ h't1!ei1lh' OYff l ~''Th~11 d'!c kill!~_ ':lfTb~be~ ~fl.d til fit!:S1Of ·gYJPtrose ~[iI revolt against r11,e"$b.cpl·erd! jUld .1 gr~:t war ti:lroijf ut, wblel1 W~ Cif long dUllI!ti,onr. U11d0r a lill!g, M[]red N rsphm.gmDumOJis.; tJJe sbie,hcrd. • he: (M'aneruQ)' :!.'nP\'W\re d~led. driv n out' of all !he' I'eSf ,or E~'lilt and cQr,dlnoo in •.. A. I1tf. lDon13ilI.Ul.t [en ttlO'IJ~ Imdi"MOUDI! (u .JreaSute of hmtll. The': !lbepihe'M~,.Dcordi!1,g to .,(Ul Wu~ errcl .. :d the '1 bQle'uhbi, ami'l wi(h'a ~t'U'Ong wait! tn DJid~itQ~secLl:re &U iJU!irposse:s iom;md ~PLlijS. 'brJiul''Ilolds. Ll'ie: ;{Hit,ofMl"si.\l1ta.g-.mDI1Lho, sis, in\!c:.\iited'l1t~ Wjjjh;: \!.':il.bt nn"\un~y Qf fQlJlr L1lt1ndt~d13mi ~~SJ fuoumilJid li men and :(I;Dde<'i'~oureld I) reduot ~~Into . ubn~iss.ion, b :s:mge. Uespairi,flg r:.cithrtlwg 'hils objecl'; be IConc[uded. treaL)'. u.nd'er whi.ch ID.~y were JJI to t: a.l.'lIIal:if :Egypt ru d .go whhl1Le..:r tJte-y would. iJl1mole t~. t:J~011 these ,rtins un fewc,r lttnn,:'WCi hundred <liJ1dYo.l1y LI10WiRMd ~mlJirehom'cllold.'i., 'Wil'~ IIbei:r pIU~!lSi~r~!'I.eft E-gypt und 'tFJvi0rned lfre de-sert [01 Syrin , .. l lhe;y blJili a ~il)' tliil Lhi! 'eoW'l'U: 11 W eaUoo Juc:Je:II. c.ap.abJe 0 ~ll::commodatiD U eir Yl!I,·~ O'm1'MY" ;and gIli e h th 'l1ame ·Jenul",te.n1 •. :. AIte:.r gi\<img ilt romph,':l.e rul!!mry Iltto,m Hs:ypu,Im' :s.M:oicd ~ks al1ile iIl~irtt~'lne R~y~l, dy~tiel! 11lfLl: !ruled Egypt ho'rll Ute Li~ of I\fem,~ ( tu:m nd :UO.Q l3.c.), to Alexander dl'IC ,arem: (33 I B. • '. MrumthD. ;iI!)O()rdrng IOJO ephu •• pi'I'Ividtd _se~t;l!a!''Coul'lt. ,Ihis Iio,~ frwm E,gyp'llian follHarlc I s•• tbout MQ;g:J a:nd r11_ Ex'CGLl." MOO, lho', "el'Si,~1l .ldesCrJ'b~!ilneews· I!:d l1Ji ,i;1fE!ITPiT by (lhl!ru~ph rm~uM ~1.'.'i,t~8t!p'h)': ~~ 3is ";;nl:i:1tclll np
...

'I

lIn hllil

11 UnleS I'~I: i1611~lil il'IJgln brnJiGOO: Itn:l!li !Ill~ ilm I/rnJy lili 0,
Il' I

l1.1

,',I."" t

mliIllikclIl

1d\:.l1til}·I:!ieii!.

IJJ!:prcr 11'1.,

AI\hOl!!g.h ll.'[aQOlho W, ~ 'en;ribifl!t two ~p:Ul1ti1 ·VlJR!:"'-I:.he expul:iorll Of (he u~i~~ Hyksos h;]:ng ''I the .nn n,d~JlS of I..bg Eigb~llih ny~tlr' 11, ie one hand, d .$lei Ilje ugdl.l' en 1l1~.odlBr~Jl)sepl:nI5. witb umjerswndnble an~re.rlf' to pm~ Iry<j:l mil ru'~JI(J - in. IUd~d. ~~lthar EgyptilW-S 1110;1" 'C';per&"jdellillied I IJil~H!, k til, Asilu'ic . 11,.1) -tds"OUi be;!II~ _Mil-dthe same iJ!!i the l.$melir~~; Re tlilso'IUlempled In ~ro~r~ tHo)'n)lldo.,gieal SU~P(,tl for his Yf~'''' by lmeans of ,8. ~Cj)TId' detini,rioll, ~ai:n ,mkmt from M:IlI:i lflo, l' ~:dtl'll'iv"Uf}n uf Llhe ctoorl

WilJ:l a i:~Wd 'of E.gy'pILia.n k~jiiJ![j,,,1nll )[Ile~.'wh ( 1!:ll1i1'1demootl to bruti -I$eot from ~e ,U0unlry,"

-D,[

Van(!)Ull mul~illci& w~r:

U"~

word "Hykllo:' [lOCQirdino:r 0- which iL means in pl.ted by u~~_8!&pfi< n \ lord filr ~Li ~ I-J}'k•

"c~pdve--

h~phc:rdL.

E.§r

p''T,

. obDllly :today Wk • " sWi: u.-.ly J phu 's ide.mifk-rujan ,ot' dil'~ Hyksos 3IIII!d LIm hme-liite.'i US lhe wne ~aI11e. Bvenl ~tan .J ~ d col!itrEidic"11!lI .Jom!:pmlJ8· s tli:mory b~ pll1C~g tllt:BJ"oL.!Ll~W.rmil!e1y-d 11inE tlJe McgIilof ,ill1 l :aIDrl}ti;m Iring f,llIJmod'A-m~;r::I~ruslAm~l1J:tcrl~p). all 13l8hrlh ruler. in MDJ;I~lo'!l idng_:..!J L of Ute EiWmt~fltb D}I1]~t;y. ,,,hied .. i"~il-lo11i time 8ftl!i"'~e Hrb.i>l'S ~:f;flU~Sj;iiiti, Wil~OU\!!1~gw:le'~austi~anaJy j Q tbemal11er-auhi SUl~.e. h f~ Wtmh poiQriqg' ut agaill U1Jn. While' 1M H~ _SO'·in I· dee! ~\lme S'e1nl'[ic el~llIlel1'l,!;. Iil'lc, also bilid Amurri~ nod o1ber ,rue • Imo1l'llg ~eIn. and Ibot, 'Ihl!: "~il;as b, mrd.dethe descent m,Eg p. arrised nspeacm-uI...n'i.lsmrrlS, numbmW,g iI wenlmn e ,emy perw.DJj. !l I-as an in'llitlill'lg WTiIly. For li:l8 til:ne hro-n~ th l;a'!l~ wold ,aIl too :'I'lJhjl;«;'l ~ bc!st Otdefr £0 Al3ll usrd.iJ'ler. ILhe: ,gtel!lllO~lBrltir;h phi,lol~g~~t, ,i:lf."J_ e?lnrm~IlHriflin his I),rruk w 13c'\'J'r iif tfte Plra1'tfvhA' on Ja~g.~.JlIl~'S, 11''iQ,hagy, u,lwfloo. "TJlIi ' ,e,l),ef. m(..,1ogy he p.[ fru:- because he bel eved, as dill, marlY 'gyplologiS1S. Olin the I>iibliv.ul Jut,- 11ir the. l-meJj1!es' sojourn in ~ypt and ih subsequoru 7" odus h3id ~ if .'1 uree til Hy'~t)- oe '!p~tio;n and htter t:XPUI!slOl1.
I~

K.1J..Sli (N \.!,.IB L'c,

hi

point of

cl~ ,Ub0ygb th~

i: the
[rue

are ~u!JnlJ rngu~~ti.c ,gn:mn&

fb

b-"1

e~ynlIUl!:),gies. meith

d;~rh:e.'i Rim the expressfon hik-klj(~ ,'chi

one: 1]~e wlJ~d Uyk 'C'}8 undOL'bted]~ ftain IOf It fumign bill cilun-

I ry !., 'i\~1'ri~'Il "from nbe: ~tiddle Kinogdom DITWm::ds, was Illied [0' d.esi!'lllnllle Ia.:timllim ·~he~b. cW':.tb. OJ:iwg Ihi~l,!i,t1 j., blJ'l w;.ilh f~l~ word for ~COIJn:.
~r)~,' in
l!o

Uh~r1umll ,are fOilnd

wi:(b

:;I@viruJ u!l~Q,db[ed H'YlUif)5 kings ••• 'I't

ilfnl'llTuun to tlbscrVe, hou,iic tit, (hm 'Lbg ~mn lrefe It I' ~llf Iilltlm alone, I.nll nit. tIS .10 Qphll" LhC1lJlS1t, lD tI!re el'l~jre 011 ,M dietl'il Se'htJ'lan. 11 . c 'Iti.l .""t1 i th.s mll.iIU~r. s me c.... impl'lll1># I h 1 the H:ybo w re CI[I

p.atmcl!l. ,roe~ Qlf<!n\';ldefiS"wl1Io ,mtem: -~Q:mJue~g S}(ria.d :I~.IlIl,$tit:le ul1i~nte.l:~rr.o~~ed[heir, wa:y lntn Egyp~. Natl]illl!Sjltlsdn:css:u~h ;~ \lim'll, ,~v~~ tboogh'th~,ttt~,!1!a1wonl:r of Man!:IhQ :ffii:gJtt !i~m IOmppan -jt." Aldl:1;)LlgJrJ n~!;;I,d~ml' s\ib:Gbll'~ rio lrtll~ 'iig(fe'e. whh .J 0ise,phu.s 't'm t!n: eOmJ;l]~Le :i~,fi~ifie:alj_o.n of i!tH: [.s'fu¢~it~ '\vilil th~ l:I~b6~ gel1~riilly llooept'lng; rft,e ttl,n ,('If l~~m%es 11 .J{,o-ul t~, ~!l!.!il\,1rlv.; laler lUii'. ~e rig.lJt Ii.me for- th,!! .Bxoous; rhe earl)! ~\Ul'iC ,of tihe Hykllr.1s 'p~l'it'lfl 1'1,M, 1ll:mJ.1rolfil m: ~U'ntie: [!j~C:ii.J ilI!sIDe 'em wieu J'Q,s~phWOIS':iohi1 mt'O ' L!r'fC.liJi'i aad oil] his fmnfly ,.QJI~rf\ilIJ,Q'Woe.,d im down till E~fl1. As Ed;'; h¢l'ptil il in Egyp, emu h tJ~e O/~ 1'~It.l(JnJ'fijll: "Sil.lch is Ih~ ,ai0,~ W[J i:cb t1he. ~UZY'ef iJheHetr~w$e '1!l irtl'9 BS¥~1~"wm.ItEd. ~~li'alrn:081.~u!!ftllly h"l fan. n \\~o:u.l,d'~p~~in; 'iiCi~ fiim~ ~
~ly
tfM~·fu!:.:!~ Lluu

Chariots of' W,ar~,...' or Peace?

~

Ih~

ilnlH:I~ of l:lle-

·l'aIlB

Qf

fi~W,!t0IJlQlfS It ~mt

me~ '\l'iih,80(D<d t2liC1Un"&~t W i1te

tllIe

:Egypt,' it'll

fW(lm

1lO~~E vie.wnf H peop~€ of

e~2IriiOrs 11~\fe FJ.ayccl ~~ inlp:CIl1~nrpm1 ill ~he'dG'l)8w !f3t1~n, The I~L is

~w~~Jio{lin a(}sh~~. ~rnbably ~ ~iql:li i,H iha eastern' d~I'I~,~~~Kln:g.,nf Egypt W~lnd b'l!i t!h~ Hr:!;islll:!J ~gru~lJl,;L~ A\!~Hj ,!lJ(lUl:!tl'e.1fi: relat~~ ·by mee rl.l l:he..&bro -:;.!llen~selI!,\"I.'S.·ftld llIa'll.he' Eg~~LiMl~u.,g reilg~ig. probtmJ)' .. - - .. . in a hal "'t~~rlI;erl~ 1ir.tl:l'~. aJlTh~~5'in llpp~l' :e;,gfpl:' Sl~()u~d:lliil~ t~!r o !l:.3re g

nWut

wbl!ll·e.~i'.lIjt1y

lr,seph H~d iT'! ~y;pt. T1H!y!:lreroen.ti:ohed l1u:ee:,~iu~csn ILil(!illibJ~'r;il~ mw.. I

detail'S. it ~~.ld f"]Jn:b~r~ph!l(ll l:he'rn'fUuf'oYilh \Vludbi J,o<s=ph '~\'1l5 ~eiVled: b'y thl!' Icing e 'flIllId. !llu;nrJd 'IN!) L~ ~ij 'Il!~'S'llmij1b.~1 Lbl!! J,a.Goh ~~,5 WI!",rIlO~ [~lerusi Asi:a:~ to' m:(g'v~ in~" 11il~.delta. Lhjl'apI)Il'Hli'emng'I.i} :d~~m ,of Ule l:'1!l'!d·of CJ~8}}el] w{'I1Jld ~ 'II1~]y &l1i'nci'CJlmit ~1I1tt:ie aJil.Q~~~~ ·Df ,tb~ , c-!],Wli:'td .I%"rptia:n ,detw 10 1Jfl!~ $!'J~udi~~ lril>es'w; l!trey am:!fied." HU,we,\re.r. Ute fact is L"hut on s~]dyilfllg, the biblicrd 1l1l1lTIl.til;l'e Wl!re15JlJt1y .l~/jmQ'lTying tl [I) Emtioo' hiSu.lFY. we fia;ul :(fualnot owy dws it Irot mdi~ ~t~ th~ Rylfflos p~~:a~ t'h~ Tigl.tf'~ilill1c for fl~~Desc~n,t' Qlf!.be ~~rn,eii1e5 i[lh~ Egy,l. it !WtS-s such an i~ler:PrnlldiDIl'I ~11'i\iX'h'l.slble.
kilO
l

wtttJ;n

Pbl1.mo'b i!ppolnlL>d. J'!01Sel9h as his V'jJ.ier:

AmI he n'" him !:i:fie lin r.l'1,c -:.~O}ld1lit!1iJi'icH wh:i~h be .hud; Il>nantl:it!lI ( I;:,noo loofQre lim'I,Bow We. J:fjJ~e.:: tl.EId [ll!'11~;~ Jiim mle:r f1'V1~raU tl~e 'I'.and (lIf I;gy~t. (OOOi!!lJs 4.:1 :4J'J

A:fU1 J.~~~ I11J.UJIi: fiw:dy h~~Oh:fl'i;.~t ,lind weQ~ '~.p. to ml.'le~: l.sroe:j mI. :fI.lLll",,,, ~oG4!illcn . .rOet!§i!i. 45'.::19)

AI!i!U JI).~'Ph 'WoI!nL lo bury hi,!'d.aml![f mid ''llit1\i~.im weill Ill' ljll !he 'up S{lMil3nti;;; ofPharuij\:b. Lh~~I:rcmrs hlll;!lil~, and aU the f!lde:i:SllIr thO:
J

"r nl~

!atl:d of f:ID'Pl ,J'\l;\d tl:1l [l1U hG !!Ese'of JDii~~I'I. an ~ his- b~II~~, mid' his n)l'b ho~:"oi1lly tt]~:if mtl~ tutt.b;, fini:Jlla !:lr f1iiK'k:\: •. ~rld Ibl~'ir Clr'!i! hlfflk, rht:y Id~ in the Iaad o'f t(JOii~]f'lL. An.r!, Ul~-re\l,(enl ~11l.lrupr!\'itn.!:! hor.\l~m~l'B, . ; (G,iIDc~,~!i50:1'~9,
Ill)

wlm IlHl'l1 bi>lh

r,J

tim:e

~I i "l~v ~m i.he~ Vl!~ tbHt ,eluuiuUi l;IJ' c,On'i;n'lOfl ilil ~1: n ltIle of J O!f~ph. und Lhe,re i~ n [) raeed m dSllllli Lbe biblical nan;ari'mDl. U't'Jiwevtr. II ILIl~,litsl of II:tlt abve. ~I:W ~, i\l'irh Jo.el1h ppnlnuro a' sect'll1MfI-c0m,mod, slJgg,es~s II L"I!SpoM~IMli(y for l.ihe €hanlLltry., Hlilt.I (SOn· dcmble seil:QIW''lie· effort has (:.>Go~enllJ

rc

tbriJur~

ervltude w11:h l1heAsiatic. J will ~i1P:IC" wi~h him ,MId.sHLopen

hi~~'bon)'i M}'esim

is to'd LiY'erF~YD; asd smite tile A il.Uics,' <1ibelil !;I,oke flie Vd~de - uf hi""!: (louncih '; ee, all .:me J:()fal tu the

years, ~o :eqiJ.ip IErne Hyts ',. :mm~iJ t1broe wi~ tl io,l::I of \\w. FOI ex, rnpl~ Wli1iam Allbri8h~ 'O~1r.: writer '1\'110 rpeGIUQoi.l:uly~iatW the D~fl,(lefll Ill'I'IU Eg}:pt wim.11 the
been eX~iided
o ~f J~\e

A5li,Qijc as,ftrr: as ICusa~.~ 1()~111 ilJ-pperJig)'])l't. lwe'MLj'-fiye rn11~11W,lli in o A )'liC • W are ttanquU in 1JI:I.1· iPact f Egyr~t; R1tfplwnLimc i. sb1111..., and die rllidd!'e. pan I~ \'i"itons 8Jjj far as CurSiae. Men till :Cor u IDl.e A'i~1e;;t~f D~1lt lands, OW" C'~.uJle,pa:l!l~ "in tll't'i. P[1Jjp"ruS manl;_Des. ,Cam ~' ~WilIe. (Jar ca.ttJ',e ,t'it~l1O •. ~ k~lliW'tl,~·.;~
!;ent

fer nUl'

FJyksi

!I,

c: nq,i.le$l, i!iiaid in ~hi bOOk, Til ' Ard~f(foltAW'

'0

Pall! li'l" .' "lim

ihe early' se ~JiIl'Cenlh C'e1'llOOmy lBiC' am 11111 ~WgI.Y 0,bS!t!I:II'e,but i.t .seenUi [n~r;:~gly pmbtthletbut a g[OO,~ thJfN~rd 111igt"'dLion ~IJ nm:l~JUyrut!t rutd].l rilts ,U·ihrni@!!i. 10 _ik: "bl" thcu. "'h,e~' 110,u-aqe of
nWN'0melit&.o

l{{.lweio'er'. ill kilil~ did n,t.I agree wit1~ b.i:-; '.courLicl'$·ndrii$ :Illd 'decidod e,o ~(no wnr u~ regail1' tl1~ whole 'of Egypt ill ~!:d d1J'WOt:;llroI:lUlI in milgn[ ~,O' overthrow Ihe Mimk by IIIc cOD1'rn~l'J!dof :Anum. til ju:5lo

ililese e~~llI~ru~ if! Pale, tine and ,~ullin!m :Sj"Jl'lt tlurmg t.l11! nU\k::!l'!tmlh 'Oel1'UU'l" }lei by !.Ii'! lill~~nth, oonlUt)' lI'Idp"ffrylU.'l ruid HQflte' 'pt\liltleS 110dnl"ll1le;s were ~Vllbn l1e'U aiIhl l e erywheJile; m s tt 0 . mass luii':l'liitian of dws~ JK."OpJ~ soufh\IW!IiIJ IllIl!SE b'lJllre o~ linOOlilwlUJe, IBy Ibi,i U]l1iil: JH)pji!'-,dJ[tlIY;ll1l ,c'bariutrv bad been irutodu~ ~ tbe f'lst,imPOl"I.aUt ir~iib1lrrtant (Jf w,art:¥e. and we OU.lst ~jt:::lllJ~ I'.lm nOll'ihc:m h~ro 'a.s $""f'lq)i ll£ Ulmygh l~ -Line.:rntl Eg~P.L in, win dlari !.S, wilh fOO.u~d playhlg a SITiCtl)ls.llb~T;din"'IC rule," We hav~ n ~ktd [111· ,ao~t liw a Se:m.iru. l'kso~ m'I'er would be H m!.lte ,'iJ,.:JI}I In apJlClilllt on. Hebww like J!iqJli us bl mer; 1Jl()W. to prt'W_ t 111;1 .c:h.ruri:nl GOull~..ctjon. we I'l«l a!l-b~ ~o' ctcept, l1!a;t 1_ mnil'll ,efe rl'n:n~ uml1ll1g til Hyks . ~I!W I afEe.r aH. Semi~ but l:n~kJ,.Ar}lUh ,IiIl!1Vl'li. Thor= ls 110 uroh:l~QIOgk31 eyitk"!nc~ ~.UUC\iC!:t ul?f.!on tbe \"ie\v lltiilll the Tu" liykt{). u"i~cli'UlXIie'l' tIC) i!lva,~ EJ)'PL Nor do, Ihe.)i piayany !rignin(!,illl~

:eom:Iscls:. my b!;a'll~aml,j" in I'tmH of ~ 1.1.fi' ~ 'bte:aI1:l of fiR. 1trMP!'l' n:C M~d' -fi'J'ublin1. aJar, 'UrfQ:fiI ,(\l.Ilf ~blns to ~yQlilr the A.!iiatic!i und de EOO;Y flfeir pJ~. E t ,unU We, t w'et'e jn, p@l.';";,e~j1,)~ dleir tal and IJmPllJ'iII~ j)~ wI's U1ppli'6t1 !I.~llli,1JU!lg~ ~\lel}'wbl:Fe:,~1
At tbis poi:lC Ute
Lel(l

g~ S M to t1~crjoo

,ij

bnLUI! ~t

II. Hy

le.adG::f named Teri, Ih SQn of P'@:pi. wb.0 l1ad 8J~!!Il hillll."~] ilIp w:ilbII1 N'efhl~i. ,11CitY,;J fe.~: m.iJ:e, north of A\6ibmun: '"I SPeIlt 'Ibe nigkr on m.y.'Ship. 'Iny n~n being !\appy. Wbeq ill!:: ea:r1iI. \:llill1,e; Hgtll. I W \!pQ11 him .as ic
lutwk. rr,hc ti.llllc.of perfum1"g ihr:.IU(>"utlll,.(baving a ~;cJi..I)e;,m1~ui!d .1 'ov.erl1u'elN nir!!. I cl~litO)led his wall. I lew Ili~ pe .p~,tmtl I c:aUSij(l ht wi:f£ (0 go d0W 1)0 the ri:!lJCJ!-billl.lL My .mldien .. ete iib llilliJ". with their v
,Q

\:~',,-m

nt'

spo] l~.\ itil h~v!Ul.e'a'ule. oo.lJl.k,[tit and· boney,

pan in Illl _ 8L" n~ou¢l5

Sh1igs.!e [01 tee the oollIlllry of the l!ISUrpeui~jndeed~ ill

oftblU mrli,ggl~

it i

dim~~~1 till flliO.il.,fllIU1lI:!-IlJ,l~t:I',I' uf cl:mrio,

nL all,

lett alene c:bJilriQIOf'WIl!I'.1n 1908, Lom.camurvo-I found a ~~,bleLi'1111l,eb wi,lh hi~liIic ill&e:·lip~iQfi."i; gi'llln_g IDl, aCCQunt flhe· 'M[~!, ~ ofw-· eonJJkt Ilgt:leS"'1S fol}ows: ~IJJ "fe!fI"3 Ir'lf (he migh!ry,Jdng io Th:cll~j Kamose, ~Y1~qm bad ppOli'lliOO 'ali Ihe real 'k:IIIiI&and grnntilld trim IOYI . in vel) R~ emth, Hi' Majesty 'spd~ul][ bi!! pl:llllfJe W lIe-",ol..MWiJQf_gIl'UliH:lees, \\ M \, ere in hi;s ~l:.'!~: "I !l.i1oI.l11.l W;~10,;ttniliW whl;'l~o!ll!nra tiji~, trel'!iglh lfi)f~nili1~w,hell a UWIl:iai- j; ill alb, and no[l1al' in lK,u h Nubia·, and .l ~l unil\!dl wW" ,11m AsIatic: al1dJ~, Nrub'inn, ea~l ~!I'! itt pn.((sa.<l:!i"iefl Df hi ' 'l~ I r Lhl g.I"!1 ,'nid I '~nnOl p~ b hinUUl ftu"',~ MCliilP~, ceo. he' !told' KhmUfl [II1Ttl! ,em A. hmun in M~d.dle"E.gy U. nur.l n moo 11- ~pi~e l:rom spoli"lllllil

c;!i \lfj d.ll1:g up their posses~orn~. ~hel:rhe-a~ iii mg gJ~ Th." di ~triJl!'~ Nefi'usi, 11 falling; It Wl))t n. 1 o'f great 1J:l.in lor, US, , CJ nfin d 5OijJ.l'he '~~ion of 1':. r...:hak w. -' <It"'k.mJ; !jI,Ib.en.1.reo ctJ~1 it; [hclr b~~ 'Wore tl~rJ wlt.ldn. TltIe g~rri~oil1 .... '. Her tli:!6 rClU. oomes. 11\):U ntbrtlp'l end, SCi nr. bDw w~r. there .h$, liefi'll

mt,!t~\i II tit ei;t11lU'silde using chaf'!'Ol..s in lire D'g,h'Ul1g. ncr U'!ill!: CHariots \Ml!r~ind\lI:foo ~11I10l1gAh,eS'p.pijs or. hitL,Qe:: th only. ,equine Nreli ace IDS 10 "lllIul'll "i lled wi,b]n.."Th DlI!ITari:on i" ru,swned ill the_am_~ ['¢lle?-whi 11. lJl(;fOftUng to HIlI~hi, b Ihe ronLiIlUllI,lo!i ~f Ih~ !itol)~of th~.:sh.ggI~ ~f
11
1"

'I1

Nel'
J

11l11!lll"l'ifl" f I?lL"P1}un l'i!X'l";' j\kll'i! Oudi' t!r n till IS.

'f11

Jtllmw) jf ''k)fyp/&m

/I{lr'ltf,U',I',

fit'" ~ I

Wlih~~i},llr

rI~1 '~'TnI' '. t."..1'

,I

t, ~

ItDrlh·fDll.ncllll~. I 'iblt1'-ll'bIldlI

11ii',lh:'ifI!m;:~,!:

Ildh, ~1I.Amwli':'

Km;n.ose Hga:im:L APODbi . The e-;tr, 11 gills witb -..phtp~1 that i ~1'C'ar1y .h~· LaU1:!rpnn at '" St:iIDI!:110 = " " , thfi mi~eMb]el ·f.iffulnmioo!l~ II'ft ou\ 'lJIf yaur 'St)',l.rft. whUe YOLl, 1:I'rt lotted aw ''1 t gclld' '\;I,'IUl y ~1:JJ'l.arm .'" It I!lCI1 g~, 011 I.D d ' ecll$: the .fig.lU.ing IllB'l now llLk>~ place-"fl.Car A migl "i dtspo~d ~ 1l~1 of ~bil"s; ~unris.h. d. YitiLh. IT iruptenuullts'. one s:lup.afre,r !:W' orhe«. M l plru,;;ed pr.€!'YI' to! stem ill m,~' OroP,5. I'lying: Dyer the rive~ as it \1;r_e'[£'i! fillC;;~:I,1.J!iJy watl;niJ {lor W!,],1lI at the: trocl)'L ruC!"Ctif • ' • T ~ill,l!l,~ L!1e ~~,rorlg:;;h'lp, 10' .tlare]] tbt! f"iQllii~r, Thl: II!iVigltlJ.Q1l ~ill::JirWm as' It. wm ililce a kH~ up iliIg {]j~, IlllJdd~J diistrj't of varls, I <fiW hL \'lUlmen on [be mot',of h hmL~!f.lw.1ill.e lilluk.ing om. of lihei'lfwimdows. ,.. " Th~ ~ll}l~ toruJnuc-s ritb U series of lJnr~U'J toot Km,ng e iU,IieO(j1O pm m.lo cffec nee Avm:s j. L.k~1J and ApQpll!lb rut been ~ap ,~= Ilr ~b.111 dn'~lk I)t~ .. v.1n .of }'{J~~r ~ Y. rd. which .~~ Asi3lk: J, plllmd. pre.· ow lI:, v for nH!i 1 iii1hjn bty Ii wne-,our. dwe,[li.t'I'~~ I nil cui down )'tJLII ~ree= : 1 511ut11 W'!lg YfI)W" wo.me~ :[0 I:Iw ships" htllld.s and ]_ ~.1mllsej~~ yol!lt 'C'1:rncl0tiry •• This ls ~.e first rnentien "', cl1uriQtry Sm"Fd,iro £e'Coi\'d.sa.n tne owly DI'l'UP t ,lb.e run~ Qf.K.amo.'· broth~, Ahm~ . HIS7~.-k:'i:san,..• }. a ;CJ!'Li11:10'ili U!r lineap~e' IQfth' a~ld)5 Aders; ~h£' ~l Lilull u c·rni -; Ri the 'l!..rjJ,und of U e Jliing' Ii 'I.. ,after he' Ilatl ~ped 00 COpWIJ 'die ~1!'Ie:my'$i iVemen. ~gGgt!S(S lhM II.h r;rumo. had 1'1'0 mil 'Wry lrigni lC11J1i1Ce but were probnbl'y primirt..'c. bome.odntWD v _'h~e;:les,Ilied ~imp.ly 1»( blLil.sp,1rIW.CiQI1. l Ktl!JuU:;J~.l»l:vhlg de,wriJnCl titl!. IJrnsb:m~f:It h,e rtltenClM 10 IrtJ1~, 0'!1 Or. t e-m;',m,' "'!leG: tn~/war W~ IJ\!\U, p~. 001»ilvf: 3fl'a.ct·Oll,l,nn a IllS :III'CaOOen:t ot; thJll:i" aul1D~~tN" tuul,lty,mH wi'll!) \vmtel~~lpim~lite e:n,OOlYl "'J ~d

Q1!llMm)' w~

~11• !Jcb: e}(tnlm~ly

IdUiil j'JJ
W,P-IS, £;It

,crum&lcu n lUtmose

PPDf C:,flJlditiT,ll wbcl1l III e~il! il.Lur' _ halld_ .

rm

was fOilUld

thal it

wh,iiIlme4 .the

tufed by hi' bl1' liter AtUllH~ib l, ,woo '~111lly OV'e;f<~ H.y:bos., csmbHRbed the E~jjihteeoll:l DynlilSf)! ;mel fQwuled ·GDe Q.f Ute king's !iil'val om ers ~ I!:S AhIillUlS'I!:, the
ill

1~lle· r,ew ~g,dom.

'rolf All:.pna. ~u llccum,pl!L'Ilred 'tbe t[ng'i mtbi ~ f,1UlllP igns nnd. bUllr ILD be:d serl Ms ~biIl8.rlGIJ1Ir en u\~ \"aJ~ of;hili'tom ifJ his,nali~'e c·lty. ~1~.K:~IJr. 11hls 1:fl h51S 3iC''C(iilJII'tI. of the e' entual fau at[ "'vnri . '''•.• I !l~ak. La yOU! Wli nun, I I!tl1!iile~Iau lil k1Iow the fuvuun; Ifuu ba e (l ou.~ 1.0me'~ hcn 1 haW!

been reW;uf~ed 'With gold seven times in 'dle i~:1!. OfL9te.e:n,t:i're kml1. aml
with men sl~ • ah~ ~ nnen sJa,:~ i~ like mai[Uiler.and how Whll' c: been !I!i:$terl with v:er)' nu!"), lands. p, r ~~e IUllllifI of'a yalinnlllHln is mbmv hi h he ItIlS d,tll'1e; il, \\'11 not be obsc~.1J. iii tru!ol .La_n, o~ e ,,~I:' ••

brlir:

IQWI'I!ullld

Oil 3C

oum

burned Ih~jl'p!f!Cc I L1:r.ey ~i.ng made mlCl fl:;(f ruUJllto(orever the dam:ll,e wl1iehlllhey did! within this E.gy,pt. IIDd !:hey 'tw:d

mad mems€!l,~ KIW th~iWatics: !lnd f0r~n ~gy,r their mi ,. Wffh A[Klphis ],fe . Lt;nd tit .trorm . 11 of AvaA's u. of RanI" . "fi 'rea~I:i!.·til _h_ban king I'r!ft t~e delltUi and went ' ck Lo'crusb !be n.:hul who iiulJ f'ilttWirltd behind hi elll.l:ended I ne8: .] se[ll~J!llY SU'tlfig m~op!i ~hkh n'aiv~lled 'OTII f\mt ['0' ~11Jl' ","'.. gte:· B·it.l::i.'ln,[lI1 Oasis. whil',e·1 was lilnl Suo (E1-Keis,. m:mi:h ~;f m(ld~m Menya,). 1~)Flll'1:v1,ml tb,~ f~bli'lil! be.i.Jlg be'bfudme.. J wm"IB:lP'l!Ir~11. lrOI1~;",.f hln'U1 ud jpyfLll. l' l1estrQy,~!lnll lh¢ I'llb!::'1 on, ,U?t!1'031.1." AnI! mes mllirary bit:ve'iIIit m. Ka.!llO:~ lieWm'd
.u TJ'i"Le wll:e.1\1!: ["IB' Will f~iVllK1 wifu Jo~' nod ~ lLiIte.'i. only u J~ hom: ,[lftePl ,M'ds. h is n·1 !mown ~. ft,l cau~.d hi' _.udden d~ulh: Iml

••.. " l,mad my 'lIJpbrillging in lhfiHGiwn of E.i~K3h'dI1)!OLI'le,r·~ illg ~ $Gld~.tV~.I-Illi; Kilt&! of UPP!<lfood Lower: EgypL. IlluqmHifi'~d g'ekelll~jl..r,e (f(.J;U1ll(}IH! " : Iprellfecl!'~or). ~ ItliUI>e name, was JlI,aba, an of laan~l~1 1'rI ~k servi~c 1.L'i '(;lIJ Ier ;il1' his '. rea" in '!he :thip of Tiff.. Hilli; lJut!. in tIDe Urn:> of the- Leed e lh Two Land." ibio!:lUitUicd , ebp~lui-~ (idul"l:OS\i , 1.. j when I was a )'.011[11 on had !'IDr rat. n II 'l.lo'U'e. linn ~tlnl. my nig.ln mn ~'iinoek f ~~~ N W. ,wIkn [ bad' eshbtooCldn h ~e:.' I Wll.<.;tMcn' !pun, lI~e hip NiI,f'lhe.nl baCII~I~ 1W1I:I> .ulhnJl; and l Ilsed m nccomp iii ~ the 8Q~ ereign. un fUll!. ill liJl:Je(;OW'l) o.f hi guing aJbmad'ln rus IChat'.ioL 'W1wn 1iI~ (O\lIm oC AVIi;r:i' Wb ~i,c.ged, I 'hOiw,edva1:m.lf on fI)Ol,'OO H~s Mnj~l.:fs presence, He~'!.J!p"li [ W{lS prt'l1'Iot(ft'j 10 the MiJluji!Mari,tlfJ 'il.1 M~tfmpM'. Wbo!!] , the:v proceeded io fi ht ~.~ the water. in the c n(!.~ Pa-~dku J A"'m1s, I~'h:: a <=~qnllre and bmught away ,II lrnId. and it W.aA rcp:attcd to the Kin,g·. ,lm~orm:n.n,,,afi. [be g ldl of ImoW" '\ la'S gi '!'en,

o me ..

"FLYlLilu' · ..... ,1\.1'U ed n Ithis p,lncu, hld J p~Dc,,'OOcciI to m:;iJ('e ~ _'00as )nd (!~p~u:reand bro'!Ji!!lltaway 11 h:,)'I1til.Alld at·· 'ClQld ·af \<MQUr ¥;~ gi en til un.: 3gai~. And Wbllit lb.a~;Ql!lght ill the 1~~lIt or EgYj:ll. lH:1I11111 ~(1trhl. IlWI~ (AvurlSl I brnugll\l, ll''''''''~'il! mille lilin' pri·sliloer.l Weilt ,down i.mo· lb~ \ IJror~ 01'( ~ a,1;, ~n pili ,011e:r I~J] ~~ :i"1;f . ~tI_ ~nd IGruiied 11im 'Q.\1'eT
l

hhl!l'.i II I~lh~ lhro:!tq.

II

L"WI

II

I"~•... I

"i

B·'WhIch .im.licmit::5 '~liU ~1'in11:.'!i.r" InlJ$lim¥, p:lS,.'lecl. w~lb ht=, .... '1i1l1""'(H!I~~" f [hecump4~l1Il1gaill!.llJi Ii Iim!L
i'l ll1 II.

,,1:11

II

f1f til... hUII,1 or

II

I;JlII

I]~}'

p:rnall..r

!lIt.

kHfun r

rl1;

wa:le;r w'm ,m3. U '~Il(nli:d~, l.h~ King" Jnfmmmll., lid tbc~UP,' a, IlcIl'!1ld. I wt) fe-warde _ ",ilb ,gold ~11i. '..~ I.h~)'p~d tt') spnil A:,~ati!ii:l'ild Ibrou:gl1~ a:wary spoUtl1f:DCe': tI~ man, I"ree wmnelJ, aloMi1 or .full'!' beads, His M.aj~~ ~~ them to me "QI,' sla es. A:lld th.; ~ dOW'll betore Shru'abum in _'1lJdJPU[elLll c) ~'lr tl'lt:¢e yei:ll::.. And W:llM H~ !\1~~ sJ~o:i1ed Il1.l:rrtmghl awRY spo,iiI r.t'lC'l1C~ tW.Q'~'0I11.rIM~ 3 hoand. iYla, In~n:o.~·p0i.1, wJ.'!S. gt~re~reme ior sl\a~:' Aft'Clr Ule 1.311,0{ S!ltwtntmttl. Ahmo is r riW1lme:1ilfrom PaWlilfune ;,Ind his n.exl eum,iidgn WIt in lh~ 501uil.h.in '[i'obtai before, hi: died ufrer ,tI.Jk of ~'W~n:t)t,t o.yean;, Idi~. ,on Aml;.l'IihQilt', T mUow d ~l.illHind OtIT sen gf A;b1)n'ili COlltinu:cd I£ldD oottl~ In 1. 'f: ~,erv~e~ ill' the lIcWkll1;g. IlU1iifl'lg flili lW~1UY.9:n.!'J:rt!8IS en U;ie-hfom~. An:'lcl'illiomp' I (ugll. finly in 'the olJuh. ) I ~e:' ne-e lioUowed U'le Hykso . to Ithe tu)r'LIil. Then came hi sen, Thll:imo iis J. aad Ahm()~e. \v!fi ' mUll t bay£' been DHlUlfld iXt by rni,Iim0:,'1iI1 ,p,~QJ0da 'w:mi,or rnl~, b~I,vl~lig been appo.illlct3 31cap,hrin i~ lhe U!J'\·Y. a' reswoe,d hi, \.I'1'0'biogft1ll.'h~' W, hal'! 8CI!OUfl!~ ! f,ltJe w.an; fi.l1ilghl by Tult!n ,~ E in, yr.iQ-P'.1I stine! • H1~ Majt!$~' Uln ~!~I.lIll Nahnrin : Me. palmula) (;fiJ!1(1)Ol~nd Ii'lnl wr IiCb wult! Ire WaiS 111a;rsI,utlli.lll lus fO'tCe~. His MIltjestJ" fl!nade I] ~re..:t s1[jJIIJ~Il~€J"'am,mng'[1'11tml. 111lM.'!! WUSi.IiJD c:mmting of Im_ li\.im;g pri Qn~1[S wl:ud1 11iS r..hljesi.,)' 'brou~;hf WillY ftQtl1,

be]ur11d

li"lor"when lie. et ab .u th ~ ~k hi' 1m- -.

of

j' qUf"tIi~grlhe

n:mnioing f®cl

:1.,

A I. the time

Ahnu)si:S all we le:Wtl' 1I~ Iht' S'uJ~OOI i t,Mr

'me.

8g),l~tiW.I' ~I!: u ad 11&'hariOi 1m his (fa: cl abro~t1 wlille hiM vaLi3:ft'1 ,fj,fficeT. Ahm~ .• ,Domp;uied b:im on foot. whielli IJ .rd1)! ~ms lik~' i' cfiant'l, 1mdb~~n used in JIJl!.'ll:blm'i'bersas military \7cW~j~., 3. AI the tl:m;~or Tuthm0!thi l.a~,Ou(, tl .~ltnn~r ,ur 31c~n[~ afru ,n~' fill of 'A ari und the t!Jl:pul i nl' ,ti1Hf~1!I u'O~ Sgylli. ~ are gi.\! 'i3J d~ 0 a dian L~~d_ in the ng;htin& ill MCst'lipOllAlllla.
I

TI'leJe iii n ~n ItmJ),gi n ti1i.s (!l\! i.d~,oo: 110.f)l1tUPP,Qrttlu: vi 11: \"II lJilm ID'= 'H1kS05 , US,ted'swill tl'lnrycu in lJ1·it',i;:u~flic:lts'wirfl the (ig:yPb.1.1f1',leiUt« ,Ill tile Iim~ of Ilreit bJva,ijjon I:) liIlc' ctJun[QI r tlhe~rtKpilll-tA",~ h wf)tlld app ar that
,ru:I(lll'U"rEiI~r of a cell~1Mf

€'lnp!>.OO befufe <:bmi!)(. ~OJ~

an i111. Inlli11 n

arwan'ilm;!'
f
\i

vpp,Q-Sied te Ill!llepfsimr.l:letl"&'&po{l"t

mom p.[ctl11re lifl)nt 'Ill_at giW,l 'tb~ Q~h JiIlimUtiQD in titre- P&nU!ltelJch Iilo,m!:~ , A '~e taw earli T, Ph:l!flQh fifUl.dL:h £pbl "rid in - ch~iQ'1 iJ:Il. his
,an(l '·chari l! and hemen"
~ilIC~inO

fir

Thi!l is ill!:omp'lG[~Y

dif-

SOOfJruJ-iil-t:nill.mlll'lll··

HCC Il!Ilp:arded J'epl!:!

~be:n he !ie~ our mil lhe:joi!lJjJley

'Fbe fat'!11 Of tl'ie, Illnner

bUl)'

11.1. f:3.Lh,eJ'.

hi

V,]cl!

ld s,

N w. 1 \ as in the runt

)r Qur army.

~~ Ilwt !lie wbale q1LlesllOlr!of l!.he me

or

h'mo[r

and Hi M3' es~}' ..a:w

01.5bq!t ,t:nutred ~he deb l,e ~'. au ~S''-!mp~OIl P.ll 11le JlllI1 tlf rom'" sche lars

b~\\ Vii! hml 1 was, I or Ll~L iltW!I)i ,u eh ,riOl. 11 ,hOl- .. and hin1 :\' h \:0. ~J'I: il .I!J.I. Ih"il1,g prioRer. Thase wde l't,esmretll L'O IDs Mnj,e.s:lY nnd T was
reWllnl~ !,!.lith go~d a'llo[h:~rtime," Itl[m~G!I£nds lI'Iis 1llnobiogr e ph~ lhu&! "-'I 1111:1gmV(Q infim;l. [ haVe , JiOOcbed o~d . ~

IwIl!SU.· [11Y faiJndl he Eg}'!l'li=tfl [kjug~

: tlle Er,gl te'1jlJlllh.D~nu:IYU. iog

thaL !he

1ll1mom. V'lb'e.fe did Ih",y

CP'I!ili!

Fc!P~m? 'fhIl)' ~nuhJided

c:I~~rilill

must have ~ften inltllodueed a,l the ti:n~e'of ll:I:e Hy~sl]. invas'i'on. There !la- e, 'of oonr, . ,Iso boon Scll llm·s,. who 1m ttIkM i ue Witb

and U,c:,{iIIvom's shown l'lI'ie ~I! J ike ~'I: lilT -\ ••• 1 R I in till:! upillil'ld L0Q'1b " llic:h , my~1f' imad ,. fmm .the afi(!)V0 j]COIllilnms ·of [he wars !li: alnst ~h!lH)'kso • llna ,~p~Hing them frolD _ gyplaud IIFlfU!r~now:ins Lhem into Syria-Palestine.
wecelln see' dt.a; • k A'I ~e ti'me iZl'f K:{l!dil~~ nn~ Bg~,pUIDl'l> used (jImilly mnw;,a'JI1fId fonl tao The A ill'll 'S"ru'e ni.d 'tt:) bs.w lrl.' rn' 1['1dteir gat.Ti om unl.l
J

Albm,gJ, . Al~ Qwttlnr. one III many -no disa,g.ree .... 10 him, di. mi,~ 1 lbtrnOO0ft ~Jr '~nol'tl:h:m,lu~rtle,'i-sw!..':Cpjng 'Inro!J.gj1. 1P~]estine ~'Illl;\ll Bgypt." 10 his; b{)(~K ,i%1.pt ()frnrJ PItlJ,1tiWI~ he ~~ : "b iii true lIml for seme OOI'limrtBs pal there Il.llldbeen . JOg pw" II ·'01 jiM peOpleS, dt:n:vnwar.d. ... into ria, R1mia.[l fIQl'll mh C~pitm Wl!iOI1 bi!li[ii1~t!il'Il()'l1g.the IifS~ 111. e.1»1'in! !.1n::'Wll,. 'for L'he. Hhfi.tB$Jw'ho f-ul1tlwed filom. tb~ north- 'lWt:SI'3t Uhis C nld' o'f tIE

,,'0'

:-.,b;.tl!eflt11 tlChIUr.r. JB.lII.[

Kiimalu~ I:Jr.um1s-ed to capmm ~It~ili' hanotl)'. "fh~l'~ i-flo mcnti n. hawevu, lof this I:l.llnrioU"y hO!vin,1; t.akm _pun il1 a:my fitl].ujRg. ~l1d K.mQ~ bimseJFre:fen. to bUYing. .';lerd Ili& ··SU;'01\~ 'Iroopr; . '1111

r dB . qUB..~jt'": n' m}lst tlllnk rmtlit!f of 'aD o in lilirmlli an by Pal~;!H:irn:aru;: l'Rd ro Iil'l d .reifiiLIgc m II. m t p0~rtd :'Iud fertll.e t',lvimnm",nt. SIUU~ if ,'111.1'1 t. af lile!\e' ParelitiJ]~ WCIeS~lmitm;:· InO

Lh m tli:stunl fl.:p ·tdl~ ions, by n poolfic l'Ie~ r~e is

I)'f !!iuch m6'Vemm~nlS 'Lbel'e cut'! lwv~ 'be'@'n m:J rm':lJ"e m lbc r.r~~pti!JDI b'or<fa. 'll I:uwniiitin. uGdl_ u_ha

our

Anl;),lh~

be ~ TJ'rr,fli;"/asm;, a iii totill dissetta:I1'QfI fnrYa!eUnlvcdty, i:ll whiehh mnk~ the p!::lint: ",He MgMl·m,tt in sop,!" n: 'of Hum,nll elemem arne ng tJI~e Hyksm; 1iws, ~o all} W.lt1tJ the: IIII'l!li'etIJ~ctionof the bmse ood' chmiotB into !BgYIH. ~ is Wtl\ of :1 ro'l:lel~wide ,ml~ mom COlnpll!~ problem.. the de'\'!!mO(lmt'l& of 'c'hluio'l wwtfrtm, SU·on.g phii~lllog'icm ,evid1'otl'e indlcutes t;h.1_t Iile WtMI]]iaJU, Ihad slcllfl~cbm,(JC·tieiIOO in fue u~i; I)·f U~C'-IQW'l cllario[ ~n ~ mre MU in 1i1.1ol! l!tl1inin '·elf l'IJ'l'Se.s~ ~ul1 Lhe.I'ILThis skill. I'liowever.
must be i1IS'Sfu!h:lted wlth ubO' lJi'ld.G-~'lU1 r dn ~,jib nQit witb Ul ~ly Hll1r:r:i.lUI • 'Fl"hilN.i n'I(') indi..,'1iJ.'i'on ilia.{ the

.~l
n~ou

t?Jf'nI,e; qlu~i(:l.ll is l1Iealt with b'1,J hn

van S tC~, jriJ, his

warn

ri,lf,ll';pllJUUt. and

Human'

(he

DID Bnhyl 1Iilln P,i1lr~,od,l9.(Jff.-HSf.l'II)," "hail 'en,), 3.~ .anc!;H,hbililL)dn ~his ~p~l .. mrfu'l.., ho ~eman'IUp i]i Lhe /\Jai,rudl V1I tex~----1rufMebl'ogfOOl liignlng in Byri.l-Pal tine tlw mdiCll[~ Amwrite ntlll ill Syria lilUI Mesopommia 'be!WeCll and 1700 lUt-.I·j'S, u.'>SOGui.ed' Il:IlLI~!Iy. ith w t.1lt::: Aunuriws]' He 1Qe:S ~!1 'l'O ,cQ:flcl:ud~, Mler riJr;d~er ~selli!i~il'J:Il ,1):[ tile till~kEJ'9,lUId.: ~'The'd_G·... ID.lPI1.1i.inl:ofBgyplli~" "Ilmdl;l:}iprnhulhl}' J; 'uhe(1 from lhC'1l:et;eJ>g :«ry Ii" war .111Asiil •• Ild: II. 1 h nrc: (hen. The hnts,e Wlt~ pn bl:libl)' known ill

Eg. pi siUrrec t:I.re ume oflli

M'hl',Ue'Kin.g.dolll.1 Con· qUI!LUl . the use of the

in gypl may h-!Je been PC)dlfre:r~
'rD

bu:r • !ll:ld c;;boriot "n the fIyks s,p_iod

111n,-Oln l11en..;;e ef 'm hord~_lJIcl c;h1rio~';n d1c:, ~d 8 bl'lal1ii~ul'period

11 is h'ordly 'PQ~sible ~o ll~J!iillllla~un In.!.t~)!-Ar}:w'l, r e ~f!ar.\'tlrUw. ell.ffl.lelll ~OEl,g "'h S)lbo~ r]llliS,group J unknown :ill. Nonhem Sy.lia as late as AlaI..akb vn. The 'c:jli]i!'jt[i OrcJDf eh arlo IS. dlcre'ro re, ~:lIJgl\l10 be ~op~ ' bum dh;C'U~OIl,0f Hyk 00 origils," Th-S'itwt1mTd~b®jn (lid ",-ph lm'y,C4,JUl!cl not be:'fol,LfuhJu.rit:!gtht: lllIlc gnb~ Ry~ Q r rule ,Q _11~h eilrl)' ~dad of tl g;h~i'Itl1 D~l'ia&t)i, A1iUlR; chl):lrl dntlll'UUl U Anlntall ptlnll~ogiSt. hillS l'I)ooe dear in.liiiili vn[WliIlk re&e.'1reb: ""Vitll Itb_ appnretlll e&cep,ticm of:ii ,paSSll,ge: iIllh£-Su:!e or Krunose. where fh~ kinlI l:Ilu:ImteQs the' 'HyksoSc nJler AlJopbb:. 'l.eI1ing him he 'wit! <up :U~ the cllBriotry (,,&m.. iJ;3 'I1r~~l1rJ),!>he !e~ghtteD'th Uy;na.'it)! 'Iex~_" • ttstUy, to 'Lhe.p~efl.ce6f,ClharfoC!} as ~ ~~!1'1iJitar.y Mml,only'in lhe pUilJitaCfit nf,a fl:w md,hl cllliilili. ,Ift a11,t-)U1l!:f d:aollment Ill! tit ·periud! known h) me.sp t'iuJ:ly tJl:lMoJ'e dealing ~jlh l1u:· Megjt1do C!amp ',gm I:J TIilLnII10!31!t T t no dlJferentianon WII' IU3de betweea 'the infnnn. and Ill'" hllllin:try Syna.,.pw~e.

me

Coffer Jrum ~ !,mIl I;lr YU:{IJ., pn1lvldlfl!1' ecffcl-~e Ibtnl ~(:'c 1i.4!cl {lIu;!' t!Jt'.tJ clu:rin![lM ~l!TSiJil u I Anl~h:~ HL 'file lid G IJw ~~ nCr I.U"r) i,,1!~11'IIJ11.:',tI ~ 1111 tile f)<m1;:;;> 'Of J' menh ,!cJj!'und 'fi c. PI.ltnm': {tliw. Mom. ~nI

l~fI~ ,~nl:lft!;Ii !.thlli~Ir~llr~t~if1J '~UY'i,·'lIUi1tit'_ ,~llIl:l1' Ih~~1 ~1>'l~u~~¥ ~ldr.ll.~ed I.oU1I:rlifi''':l1~SihlU1'LI,U II! \i'nrlon~ ~I.~rtm l~~ IJ~I" Il:T~ d ~Otltl Till" 0 illJ.. u~~ i~ mkll.I~!"fl~~ur~ 59j ,,11m high.4!lD UJUlwi.di' ,.,~1.tl31Ci 011111 d~!~•.P.l~ulm, ,1{n1 Mrj,~ m C .m .

SUlIIIJU[i'h

"!>I:oo~d CI~~n:,., rrut!ll!:'ul'iny;

mru

1(')]1 111m

~n!k

3Sl,:l

,wid!!

[II1l~·.

4d10, 111.111~cejl',

PJ'!J'.IJ.' CI~lrll lIj'j"'~t~~il:

a:.I,lk

\I

il"" l!f

tht! .!i11l'lI1n~<i!.tha[r.

P1H'i!(JJ

C(iim"

iU't~\'llJ.m

J\ILlII,ILHI!'1hl~~' IU1Ui YI~r~l •

\".11'1"

,.,11'11

I~W IIIHII"

'11 \ IIII IHfulo

I' ~ 1~ *~II

(}'ifl'l'U

11)_

I""!'MII~.!!.'I!1j;W II

.ft~

I ~ 1-.L!j,1

bIfI.. If'~

IJIII{I~OU.L,

IftI~UL:.

,slt1Z(~ r~i~~~!:, p-r:~-'~~ll]:r :rn).~l l'I~r p~;U:C IlnltA!l'es. II !1'iID.... ribcd' 'witt, lTitll OOJOli!',l; oL' m~~~ HI' ~nU81.nrHI'U. 'wI:! ) I~,d ~~b~djL.. "dniJgh~c'!"ol" J~ ki~" i!llt! "wire, lrij'ig'" r1wlw Itl~g/Jr:.· r.e,\;tJtttrd. trl f lr !J.1ulitmi ,MldiC,lIm ,rif..1,rl. h'ml t~,tk

r;J

fil'\Ull t'Jlm;r.

w~~,~1(1l!"fr.w!. Ilf Irl~ IA~~1 rn ' !I;~'fj;ITi'g7111 jnm' hp!1;!I.

."i'lll '!TIm w!dL: lmlJ511U Im!r) d':tip.lI!lmll ~Ili~ ~ll1Lj1I'Ie !'iec~ln~el'ir.~ir lUi'! 11\""'If'I,~h·<.j WW1~ll~ bf!'tlWlIilg ,'itllmml! hl!~'~lf ~ "
and an Irflfliirnhlef1 Wilh ITIIlrname, Plu.JWSJ f.'tJim Mw~ IJJI,
"

"l;!ml.lf~J-:1r blm:k, IiiIIlJ,a IUItHeHt<r lIrvil'lg~lrQU~~n"ill~lI,JDC hI: S l1rrll.il hi! rt:Ij:'uT .. nriH.;' ~Ild 11I!I' ~1,ltl1i(l. m'lily rhrq).,Ll.ll, ;;):fIIl<i'1lIJ';1' 111JI p Jjtfpyd'h:.j.l'b~JYC lIer I,lell(j l'h I:Irbl:l!~ l'le,]~I·d'~,!; bult3n~ ru a m~d I ItiII"Clii, {ii'l.I':.; wttfc of "'11fti'm. Iil:c: <!! ]1 u;S: ~ild 1.'1,,011'11. 1i~'pl'\,"Aml!il1b~l
.1~L~'t" 1'1 1'11\!l'Il1CTCp

'lrllll:'Elg1U~nlh O\lIHIM '. rl ...a.1, Iri"i.l'!lUbl(~tricillltn:'l'l!Il'IptJi." II. PJrqld,' /;,'11'1;. M;r.rf"'i1m. Unl1',;:nrifJ' l... aU '11, tJf'lJiiqo.

~:lm, ~ tQu~tl at 1i'1'i~b~lHiId n::nJ.~~J r"y 'EtelJI'O.lli OIl bcli.nU' r:r(-[lm Irtti)<ti! eoll~t1I·.(lI!'[)l!m[, ·Phnl~):lJi'ililO'~~;Jut:'um '

n.

'1~1"'lMl:l{l! fililliU'Id1I!'1'y.1I.>'I1:'~rl~mh. ]r,,> .I'l)i~I'i'i'~c.I';iJ,.Ml;j"ll!. It Wll.~ m,[ de~'~gtwd lhm liJ\h1mUlal r.l~ ¥nY,1 W,1liIf~~~ rl!fi,w[lle:r:'.91)! i(n 1],g)'~11'i!lll hj.'~I~ H'l b;: 1!;j;1'!l!l thl: IILI~ "Mr!D1t,n "I' [hi: li.rnr~" ailli"I:le"Jnllll 'or I'h' Mnl~l.}' iu !11~aMU!1)"." tfd~~ 1,1'a!l~ ~h~llt~,lc~~~IbI!J!! J'Q~]1"11, rP,htl(I'j,' f'm,m "t'rj,reJtlr. I~J

C>Qh'l~jj;m, Llrm.r.(a~

~1I'~f~· illed

!by Mllrl!;"!!C-!1i

Timi!.:

Plnua: Ci~rrlilMj~jlt'l~JN

,A:llil1l0~gh,it ig
J

'f1.~J'IJ~e:I,"~ Ie (~j
Mt,\1 "1'II)lilli1. 1?00tfll:
I

d~,'m'

rIld b)'

ho:l1~.... Il ,I~\!6

00 Dlny enl read nU'} this 1hn. the wlk. of.he s ltlim .ra!a"ltIt oil toot., 'yi:i.bl tb;~ remainder em:l.ployttnri! c~a:ritJls'. All '~ equidl,ll pThIf of ilioCl ahUy ~t}j' ",,.;, oJ. l' fh~ oornrept ofll' speci.J (;hll!riatry Mil '!!WISInherent in die llSIif,gec of I~l-:tlm'hI !:be K8.I'm'I.;rs1i: t.m:;~ Wf' h:oLildl-~~Y ~pc.ol,ro of Tlul.hmo' is f!l l~ "\'1!1I, bUL we ,db n 'I. COI1Rb-q,!:Jet1Li.¥.
tl:S1l"llM.e I11ru It.hf:' [Q!r,]Il 11~d,!llli

tme mal a:lll:is:lidetion \\', ,h)au" ~lwe,tlrI 'b~l1les' .and 'fO(lt'

I~rl,~m: '}If''~ iVlll.!'!'I~~'1

,Ui'" teCtm:i:~I'i~~l1!JlIi)lnda-11 'of 'd!" riotry: s drusidn l'!hJm mul'Y, whicl:dl hUl>in Ille WIni~ i peri.;td. ''Jiitwewr. in he l~nlu llli,ghttWDlh Dynasty Ii!i'~runks are ~l1esw~

'u_

::ret d

find! tin lite:otl:l'!als i,l i' '~I 'Ql'1ilhl ., ro

lI~llll~

wh~eb. 'Lndie:ite Ih.tl!.'sm:h'U re:ehnicrd nl~ 11tJ!S;:ome into being; A.d'moor ! 'Qf he ChllJ'ltll!>' flam! tI 1.3: I~i·~fr"t~ 'il'ie wli~:,1IJGcu_rrer)de of wJll';:~~ ~ klllo'oYlfl_'mm he Amaro:'!! periooDf YU}l3; W.'Q wns appdnWi~ A{ljuuulll ,Q)eliluty) of His, Majesry in me IC~Qri0try ~ well w Ofllce;t FI\)F lbie Horgs)I" aad Tbe S:ul.llldard-Beamr of the Q,ru,iot.-Warrior , .. ;hiol~ is
'I"C,cord.ed"In the 'Solr;!1.e 01 Meryplllh und wIMplllll~~i fflo.<;;rprobiiltJly.. to t1u~

I!Mly ~~

Ilil' Ih m'~I'IIDrr me'rlh tel' fJl It 11. uld 'Lbus.,~~cm'iliu:J tly U\is A rei ~n tA:mj,m]m~li!p nT) 1!1!;:an.utry Wll fJlCl~gIU 0f BSd Sl.!p-dI'IIIle en lily, Md we moy assume dia:llh~ mllY had be$ll re r;g_3!lil.~ uUo tilt!" two, arms r l!1J'r~flItJ;y !lll'l:h:ibafiQII)'~ eaehs lth lIS liwtttlitgBll 'J': .'il!lllrl nd:.tlinis:trnth,lt,CtlmIlGnmuI·, '~l abClin '!llUII r.iIl1~,,"1 1'1'1 Itil...:ml pen on '~1'1 _.m1 rn I~eapp im.e.d 1,0,he po.it$DB ~mlbed t tP Jaml,lh ill Uti! B,ibile , WI Yl1IYe. Lh.: \l'irior 0, J\ll1lenht t_ ft m. finis, 1:10\ ~ 0\4iCIl'. ~~ IrllI' from bejn,g tit nly ~'I'idet1ce Illul p:Oim' ~o In,,epl1 ani] Yuya bejng ene mtd the S1'lme person.
n

PI1!aiL I)If
,~hjf'l~Jmgdit':
'P/1~ld.'

!~...

l!-rll~1 ~h [r"nj~' 1.0;1:411:1

(lr

C'-linJ

jl!lll,(mI~/.

The Egypt of Joseph

~

WlI","c.f:> m Um:"SlNui' Ju1'nJts 8(lem ro me than: Deca'U!Sl.: [hei"r ~pel:,iBli~cl skIl.I.!;i,lli~re ~dQ"'l~:Y'-f1ri of ir~rs.90ltliiitl'S, :w~d ev:~l'I .Gbieftlll.ins fmm "<liIi.!M[n~~ nis; 'bes:~w C'OOpmrit):ll ilen'Vteni' .E.g~~tirMmlS- nn~ Axial if;.s. 0:01 'eJl~hl\l'elnell1 t lJi tlrl!3 I::iI\ler by '!tie ibnmer.

"",no,.~aT J.n IJ~

m!i'p~'j'of

*n.'Il.IlI'Id th. ~ddle 11'.1' :rll$ ~~.~~t1!:11 t~f1\lilryD,C' ~~mththe b!28ino:ing:- o,r •• ~~e .rugln~tM11h DJYiIloll:b'g ':lfmr m~ 1Fl¥.K~ eq'Jl!!lsj(:)fI~' !i~ID\ltlS.c,r P'iUes'tiniun
0f S.~'riaili" @rigruD'~p 10 up~il"" Hgypt il:l Wru:~ !nIJU~. This im'~!ul!i: w~m,tb~ ronJ!l of mlti'lWY t:OO(Juut in A:;;~U!wll~ Thlhmosis U]'s Qm'~ p:}j~~ ntQne:!lire s:ajd m Im\!0 t!reu!ht ~vcn I:hmmtillDd c~ 'iI~, 11l&S~' IHlS'bn~l'b w0ro tf:gilhJ~dI,.J:S. R-oynJ 'p:riGfledy. ood It wnB,-rJ'ie II-dill.!!!. • as'W~ S;<~w jf~ [he' sase '!If, A.I1most:,. ll'\il~(.l:'CUliM giWi: Il\~m m, hjso.t5i:iel"S'~!i ~igli lh!:lm 10 {he te'mpft. Th~ is .a]SQriBIliid~.I'Ioe IlIHl!t ,,In\l·e-1i ~re ,EjpL1ghlautil'sbld for ~i~~ w ver n.r pmpem.1 ,tJI'llI:ri~8tire Big.l~~~T'I!lh Dyn~sly. Ahd eill-Mobsoo' Jmki~. 111l~ EmtiH scholur. ~]l r-esean::!h con.cerning: sln"tery in (h'jj. d i1'fere.n1t parh tli5 o~ . of al);~te.n~ Bgf[)h, Wtls, ~tbl~ 'l(? lind !i""Ill~ L~ld dQ~mml1i'. 'ref'C!lJiwtg ~o

ljh~ 0~he-.r imlii!lu(i~ns Ihm JiI1l$Cllh 1!"re'c1,~n' Em! 'di!rlr'I:8J li~e Eigh~tW1 D~ t!'rtSt 'to nsUlet U1I1UIi molte Ihail l wo ¢etll~rili:s curHt:'j" Clurins ~.C_ J;[yk.~!i, pe:rL«lI. are imv.i Lobly ~e1!lmry" but 50 omnpe]]imIg llll:I,~ &ts'eenlf;' remarikabJe Iilat llolO:ad)' bas ga~hcrad'tbem amI Ja,.geltler lrIe.furw: iIlml dmwm ftrilQnI t~I~l:l1lrneH'bvh)us CIl~IC~u$ioll.t~ ,pll,~,e[hem in I,he ~llImt: ~llr(tna~Qg~ If:j tilt' S:~I)~ t}II' J'I"iJ:~~11 ~'e PI.:.luijtelJl~h nnlil ube KUl1ln. iRe

l~tm;,acti,o'nsinVil::i~~.rlg $~a;v:~~ WI[[I :S.lftltim!:: [!,'Om ~bE: Ejgh~njj) I).~.tJ. Ii): c·o.l'iaJ,u,tl)etl (~~QUfIJl ~n :stiWet)'.I~ Ph'(lru1Jl'i~ E:g",Jpl ;bty~'iJlg! r~is "}i1iiQm

,~df
AIliId Jb\$~11! dl'
h:(l,!U~!i QF 'I!l~ (~(1!i.'l-sis W3'~, btOWlgt!l~,!:!Iow.i'i,

to ~~,pt~ 0!.!lldPOlipl)f1f.

an

offi<:i.ti

Phamtlh. ~'Bp~~i "f ~h(r,gL!l.1rd, an Bg~p!!'i~n~'11I~L!gl'll 'bfrn I"If llle n

r:sbaaeli~e!'. w~llicJ~ h~d br:pupll ltim dl!)~'iln,,,fd(bel'~

Ilheevircl'm.c.e befrnre us, ~layft.l)', iim.ctly ~~ting·. ,eximtd between ,Il~ g.r.gilmii!ifl:n1il and '\yenLy ..s.ecerld' ,[)r:n~ri!ilS. '\f\i11ilc before mdl after ml1.~t onAy yari1'UlS d.e~ of 'b(lnd~e' ,can be deu'ru~b;EI)t~lI. '" 111~~,erer0~,roll'uw~ ['hat. if:tl~~~[flry nf~ph in Wc;f\.'11m.l!~ucl'J Ri· giv, ~fI~a ,fMI'.Ei1l1;roll~n W~ ~m! ~Qltl ilf(t~5m'pl :a. a sht ...e" hy m~bM~ {Dr Of S'il'ver. llis. ttroLlU.llll. c~uLl:I.Iwt l,oliSihly be !iC~~I".tLe,tJnI9 UlC i~.c d t\ll!iil'!'f:l ~k pJillce at SGImC Hme Ioorw~e.11I [1\Tie liighlOO1:lt!J iIl..D.d! ~Ill'y-&ecooo DYIrI!.Slles,

gg;IJ

'Wl~i!l:n m'ighl ~~!ttc'ha 'lIla\l,c ·.rm~j~acliQirI h;l,l,I!';: mk~m. pbu.:.e ill ,"llC~mn.t :HEWI? As De:ruJiild B. hdfll:D'd poinrrecl IJIlI'l :m 1m; botlk ,\, Slltily ,q/lh'e JlitJIJr:o.l.Stol')' 01 JQ,H!P~' ,ASjfW:csol'ul!d 1l~'l4llilabiy tl~ll pl1as~:Of .in Hgypr fibr." '~1~b@gi.m'iif1ing of. her ltlBTPry. Punitive m,i,ds, ftI,)1' I~~ EgJptiilJlI arm}' liu!.d be~f! 'rn~(11!l~ib'le f{Y("J8~~~J wltll'~m;h.gr.; !11Hmt naiVe a.rm\'oo: !;I;),(!ihoell' msn!l~" pbrh3:p. ~'5 rrei:;l~iarnl,wll,o. ~ g,ull\SliS. ha't,l ,b~tn,pem~iu~d to CliUoa Egy:pt ru:OI1.,1 \.'\,ift'hgllm:ls from liiy.mtu pr~rured. truOItl~h. ume, lhlol1t':t An~~nemh~ m. Wlcl dlllfi[ll! the Th~ntl'l" l;>yjlU~f:l])'. ~. faIW~y 51~:abh: FOIf~ !;!~lP1 ~1~Jw:~nt can b~' ,J.!,!~~[gd ~'n'ltl1c :rmp'lri1l:Ij'tlm "f BgY.pl. Till! Abli~til' . "

POTTPHAR
~ S;li!l~C[ Lhi~'~! l'iu'i'e
~:Q

II:J:e:nl:it:aJwith Piol'ipJmmh.
JI~.!i'r:'phrr;~~Phill'1ll\ilh as'~

11L1~ ro.th~ rl1f.L~ an I'UlllJ.~llloU'.lie:. 1·[ is rulm~ ...1 t.1:le ]ID'e;St ~r On, whl1lse dau-.Vlter \v.u~ &iVC!U; [0
the re'furen(l~~

fJaU.,I'll lfue ~s.-e .of J ~riqlb. dt~cl itbtl\l'f:. '\>I~ m~ oo~dthm "IHI.if.lIl~II'. I1 nr,fic•.rr0f Pll~~lh. ca,~1fi'ii1l prill!!; &ti3iIt!l., aQ Egyptian, H
to ilIfllh nWlle:y·

wife-. nl~re i:::illputtern inte wllliGh

bO,Ll!!!hl ~1h:1'I ,

•. "

8imllm:l~. Lhe .l'w(t

!lU.::tlrnCI1~

af Jn~~pb'S wife ~{ld:

"mil PbamQ.h _. gave flirn to wlFIl" Aseu:!!,d~. dro [bn.l'gbl~ iOf rl:lI~irtlur.'T1lhl pri!!!!Ol uf Oll~.f(jt:l'ncri~ .U.:4;!h

And u~lIln I· ·ph e' born lwi SonS- hl:!t;ore' tile ·,OOI!' 0 Ii1UDIUI; CBm'", "l\1hi!t1~ Al'I®lIth •.fhe &lugfller of Patiph~mb. tho prl~sllJr On.
Imm
Iln,lfJ

Lair/em of lilt: O(d

OOi'lJ.\i,ll'U.CIlOLlli:i1

.ralUJir. wi:'.iilt'l mearu.,

him. (Cil~il'OO1iS~ I ~~'OJ cas,e

j't

I '90ij1. relill'~ i~ 10 til wQHI 00 round," iWd ll1'tey ~tIl)8fd~ I.his h0U:1U~ (bet) flf ibe .m;a:rtl.'Jf' ,r.tr~j;1iri~nli~ SvSIe;l'Ei. Uw lilt-sU:lt lof ~lli;s interI~ • ,
.t[O

re' tam~lltl, ptlbl~ 'hiUll in

11'1,e:ru

I"

is, p. ssi'bl PolJ,lld

10

diviid:'I! lh

In ,ljiIJ.

illJ11U L1rre~ clemen

IbnrngJ1 (·ptHl.f. pherah

Pharneh" Jld "the priest o'f"OIlil. ifI" ~Ilpuillb..':d ~uu:pr pi!m:ooh!' r We f1n4 a simlltlr rde~fI!:e in IhenexL 00' k ·of (11 l'cnLal~uetl:
And '1~W". I!\SJl'i:lIli'.

l;n1t5l uf On," A.l!1n:ltlsll· 11.~il;unm: . till ,n:'eli:d~ .furlher research, n I~ [llie nm.'Iltl I'Ji 'glu'b~ i:frln~lIr]ll'.efe.d "eapraln of the gllard. lb.e IilPPointed nne of M

a PQs,iUOIl (ell WIl of the guru'd. lIbe

sen, !.ook bjlnl ooec,(lr lhe d~\JIghtm ()fllUl~~1

reoti-eI

l:c'lwI

e .. , (~, odus ,f1r2S)

Tbj·· ers:e,inai.:ate ~leQlI§mp~S'[e,nllll.um !3ifllle liarne and.lf llIe 'om!: np"roa.~1 i .. :ln~n, this 1i'·~Rma.e Icon b-c. inM !'iP"~~cd U','i~ "·P,,,U. Illle gi_V&l m

prol!ltiQU is dial Joseph, togetber \'Vi~h the kiDg' pJis'an~.t!ir as eondemflfld [ , detun~n:und Fon:ed t work Tn . fel1n:l. _ As ~~ name 11 tIm/i"wllllr ftU PTh en ooeu~ . ly n the 'Jo :eph narruool'J, ;lJJIf.1: iijlplled CJ(C~i1'"I ~I¥ ~:~ E.~)'priJm p.ri'sc!ll. h i Itl1ljiu.!.hl ~to'b~~ble 'Iln Lbl:l'~ \vOIrd tblt irself c('j~hl b~ EgYl~Uull,l1ri ·mm.onl.. per:fuclJr with tlll! Bm:uim~ li,n '·rip~ don. oftlie Eight~1l1h Oyn t 'Bimlil ,u].-sf' ttm Dame Elf Hm-remheb.' rhe last of il P:n~ who o.rdereDtlt.n1i pC£lple 8'\iillll' of havilllg hjndered [he de1i VJ,1!~ ~,f ,t!Ci'ihl~l'j' t~1{~ l1mJI~ h~"l vre.ll'ieir JlQ$e!j, tlLlI off tl'1(I ~ ~lIit to Il:b~ forltBS' lJ n ..• (Z11nl" A. s. J'~hltd.a:. whm in.! eon in '!:U lhu[ it '!!!JlU 3D Egypliw;1 \'Ii'Q'rrI, dJ'v(d,oped druB themein hi . !'rook" The.lm~811.a'fi"t)f l}r(· "PfiI'(j1 lIC~ "n "itv RJ(ujJ:u~ to E.g,ypli~. m W:hICh., ~I',er H dlseussloa :of' die ~mMI!iC8 id ... i'ved, z h!: ~~" : "A ' to Ijr i~c::If~ i'l IOtcurs Illf.Il'~in insl';'riptiQoo, ol',~he o
N -\ K!i!1gcJo'111 th.lill'of:my P:a]m.tinc frontie.r rOihf "C0ns1~d. Th: fi'PJ~ ollh~r ume·as, 1m!::~iUllC,Or a fortr;;::iS,~ se-I:fllhe

ane ,of Oglil.

At tne:

T '

ame time. lf p(lliphar is [0 . a 1l3~J'I 11Ll! :m actual name, ,!j&lud~ bn"e ,Pomwd, OlLll'thul It is.also !tbl! EgWti1M:1p3'-di-p·l-R" 'He wbom Ile
.glv,e$). Clif -wbloh t'ilre~~' ~p~e!i' ~lt'liveb~tI rOl,.lnd ill F;gylnI'w, I~"~~. Olll! 1.J"1nmd Uti i It:)· in C.alr1l1 tkal C,Rn b dated 1101eadi~r limn Ithe Twernty! ~~'I D~'"!itllI:Y-The other n,.... are-in J!iMotliC. the J.lte, siml?Hfied Eg,rplian a JOI1l\ of wriling. Ol':l!! tmm IhB . wenqr-Ml D)ln. lY WId rhe ,ol~h~rfro(n mhe 'third e'HtUry IIUll. 1 Ilfotipb"'r 1.liI,tltl adlil!nL (UlfilC tke can"imlillll:s of 'Donald B. R~.rJ.ford in 11L book t .smdy uJ d '1JiblicflJ 8fory (pf J,rJ ,(:pl, are r,(;:)leYMI, He 'I illU" QUit ai, ~(lau'o Ilf lh plie alice of ih~ 'diMhil.C' ali11cl~, 1,3. names of thj.S type :aare:'l1ot like'fy tfJi be (!lund llefor!ili the il'lUOOIllclrum1or LiU ·fEf:Wpliul1I a. fWltMi['ll1uble Liumlry diill.ccl dtllwg IJle: reign or . khenaeen. YlilI.ya,ls grandsun in the Wt lihird IJ ~b
'E~ghteiZllIil1rl DynaS'l.. '

.h (!:Q~.~ oJIl:cig,hi and. 1101.0111011$ criminal were Jim the t1:rst: tilne: in an. imf;Tipfit1l'l of TUl~b1110 :is .1;11 pbotlt 1418 a" .• £t>J)f.lfti.n,!:; ~ t.'UmpID:Y:]JIiIm,lert~en 'by l1im !l'Oi'll'!' If'lh; SpOt in l.hcMw_nty ..ser,:. nd ,yent or I' ret~ 'lo'~1urge: We! bOl'dern of ~L""

Y;llihuda g~!i; on II eXip~aln: Ihu. !:tl1Qwl.bb.t e'i"ryw!lere lJl" is .ioiP<lkeU o~- ai, u velCY wt:!'U-kl1aw1'l. ~nrtJ'i~['>. of great l11[Jte8!~e aQd mlli·tuy IInporm.l!t.e: TIm ,Md tbe use ef ,Ihe ftirtrts;II as U P,etml ~Ul.bli·~rnmein make 11highly probable tna[ it ls id'entjcal wHit tiviJur,o ~llIlnthe nl!ll.T·arOt
III lbil !!1",IWll11l1il ~F th.~ I;OJdjimRS 'mVo.tlil!tnlJ i~in:ll br Al'T1llJilbntllp iV ,(.\ikhll'lI!!i' III), IJommhi!lbj whe '~I~!C!~f I~e 1"I~mr:rjli kil1.~~. if> m:iI ~ Illll~~r"t p'lIliilhC'. DKrC::1> or ~ 'IQI. i1~igrJad ~ re$tid1le mlamiY I tb~ '~OOQrn'. .
I
iJ

An

JOSEPHfS Pf'USON
Thepri . [l>;lhcre JQseph
11epil'J1I00

J;gyPI Un!li>1!ripl'ilI05I we rmd Lh~w rd 1.1r. wild! 1ll~1l! Trnll,wrilled .f.~nl' wlLh (t ph!111eti poiflllilhl~w l~ r fUn)' l·l[JtT~pmltls.~ sdJl!O r, MJ Cmipu,m I qll~!i.: !ll,ul\iflllllquIvt\'M:IIIP R 1"leIlIrcw If f.r~'Je~M"F!d.~,ptl,iJJl,.r Ir/~t~";M rn:qll~fliJy lr. l,t'P't:l.ii!f!ll!~~II, H' J~w, by II 01 j. 1(I'!l'trrub;r tl'll[11 m;p' Wi or 1;311" by .~'i.rwoul.ti he j'I~tf~tl)'l D urn
~Ill

(inbl 'ilnwtl. Fr{

as mpt 118"8 II ~ecial

nmne h ,~ha.l"s ar, m

'u

l" ~iIIl¥lIngO,. 'ball\\! d' QIl!:I'It

-B"

whiab fs

il. 'times in GeDes' .•

t11ti1ertil migi:fI nor II:ll:unil1~ 01

[lie

'I,;

~T;tl J't"ht;fr ;,'f

ch;.tur.Di~(jtll1W'h::,. Lnc1.uiilimg A 'Hebre',v 'IIUJ J0IMn.~~1

'hi'r. no d!rr1bi !i~ !lC'1l.\lNIIhBlPur..llini,l. b.yt di~l hi! lUi lht' n.m~m!mJi. IJl Eilllilstl, fa! h~k1l1 'I \'IIiI'" ~L~i! IIIH iU~II) [lit! n. ~liInc:t!' b~th 1llH "8."

'>:)1-

'HIlilI"'V.~

!'lUIiJ:Ic

Sj;1uJ1ifillrli$"

of" I,he' J ~ph

siQI)!' actunU:r m,t:!llll. rbh;, fO~!l·. FroCllFll d1e Bdicl of H~rem:fueb \\te.ret':: iu:rl1tcmJ(lre'I1II'.I,113,. L 'imply mc:Dth1tma'lllO a pbm:e- for
iJile hilternmmt () nmlnels, exacd}i
~Jli

tht:: . wm,

hu;o'lI'Iic

Wl'lj'

[I'

in 1II~,fl"

J'mfiElipb

SlOg'. - ."

AtUl,l:')t]gh J~st:ph V~r. OO'WDS abluo',~~nw (!rat VanlJoo·s r~ding ,of , i,har nnd IJ,.. was n ~,p0"< ibll' on p'htll'r)lDgiCt~ groUlJ~ll', he'glli'll ~,ii gl1t 11 m ~DS. ibie lh~JujJ' UR Lbe pl;~5!OIlwl1)UN ltJ~~ W wU.S ktJ::pl, A.~, y:mLldl.t!i:lHl~
ideC'S[h,
It

tile' .eYefUl> 0: Ill'!, JfiSi1'h

Sttlry

loolt pIi:lce even bdore

the

Hyuos period in IEgypt he tried te 'how ~l:Iat~b~fo~6£i. w,hicb was m nlirmed 'rilJf tlae ,Mntll Lime in 'I itt: rl1 'cnpLirn Cl'f rtf.i.hm:r'ls~, m i~ Karll1ak r.claiJllg lU hi~ " f. iii S:yd4~ had altad'y em~d fj_' 11 ~11.:: Ul'ljl! r ~I: Tw,elIlb D)lWJ.sly. II irs trUe lilinl-ah Ulfiflme Jlla.c ·Iile-ro. '\ as 3:.1'1 -~u'-6:ent 1"O~ss mentioned in lite aLllobimgralflJ1)' m - ;nilhe. dB'ling :CYOIU the T\\\',eLlihDVIJlilSl:V. bat 'lf~!!nit trud a dj tC1:'WI1 rWlf'le------th.t: (:luLh' 0 Hmus .. .....,..
"

flu,d Mnwelf in p~m-oWs._&:Otld ,ofJ'iees after tnt:erpr.epllg his. cl'fe'lIrl:. is rcl,~.oo 17fDn1l'ri ell1lHld, appoinrefil ¥iZie • we find clJJ'1'iel~
QIiI"e: ks~b

""inn s.e:vel7llll b:lci~IlU

ihar, yet ag,a:in poim HJ Lh· E~SmR. olJlI Dyna<SE)' • o tibc, lima I.hu[he lived aad became an influem:iaJl figure ill Eru'ptiilln ~jfi!l.

TH IETVVO

LAN DS
~llh~~
('I'VCl;

And PI1Br~lh aid unto J~l:s~ph,S~.l tnlve If 1!g_ypL (Q-ene. i 41 :41 ,)

.111$1:' 1,11f1i1

The It brew \!Irotd 'fur "";:g:~rpL" milr:il',~ is IJ!lI the plurat :rod I!IleaJi18 liter-ul1y hLbrJ 'twu HI. ' "This ;~~ {,!It;FD.I'Ili]!le(i)iirllply b:y Ihe "1 itm:t II i' UI adiallla'lioo or 'the Egypd II dW) the TWO :I...&l~'. LQ;rd~ IDIJ TWl), U:m~l) w~ (he- Dlli ,jhl 'llh:lt!of Pl1amo~. ':\.'1 m_'" H~bll'e~ bibl~ wrueh mfu~ 11;) JO!iepl1
I •. , • •

b~iflS.pp

in'wrH "hm1l(1-hI~t Il:l\'ln.g 'urt~di,c~iii;lnO''lu''lh

."

\'!Ih ~" ,e unU)·

'of lim 1\1.t[) Lands" rntl'te.f UInm ~lm Illy . "the \\i ~Ql~ Cllun'lr)'
bo~ll Upper

arnl! LoVfer

enlPi'm&Ll".es tb1.l1

Voouth'l observed

1~6'QtjrJ" tt) Emt.iJriQfI,' ·~u I'u~u:wurlhy 'linn III 'tb-~ j(lll_ ph nnrm:li'llc. C,,'lNi ci:tiU_ywhen J'o epl" o.mCl~: m:U""l-'C~ are rtll'ec!'ll!Q lin. Ihe ronn iJ 1,;\I'fl'''I imt h--ltuJ lrd mi, rllu Ilver nll tltt: ,colinl:ry of ul~• Two uruJ~ l!'orru,q~!t.·IIl,

riS:>lpt were p:laee.d UII(;!iolffoseph' ~ olull.rol. hi boo- 17'~ LtmgJ,l'q,ge df Ifle Pewmmm I. in h .. -

wh~IeWi cls-ewhw,c; t ~d" 'merely Ij·ord t_lIi~r m (o~er rile com:n:ry 0f L1'l8c Two 4nds). Ttlc: ql;lutiun nri5c..'1 W,h,lbBf' thi S!e~mingl,Y'!:3:.\{IlUII ~I.l of the 11:\.... ,0 phf'll~e' w, ~ Dot as a rUallll!'r I~~'Iililte'l'llill)fI!l,dTo a,~pre~ialE th fur~ .. reaehi,:ng Il'llpo~'tanoe-ClI' lhis qlJ~~ljoo m ius ngllL light. 111l inru::e5SIllIj', Im~ is uf aJ-J to m ~ s_om lob~W'Va_tioDB 01:1 Itbe oriGin mull m.ooning, sf mt. .(.fIt Il :;'Ut'dlill 01"'Eg~ 1. ~~flaci~[Iy,,qnl]" of:li15e;llfi 'oar no liale inrew . "The sttil:~Dg feal:yre ,[If Lhi~ name i8 i~ clrj,l:liicl I Dtm~ b bas b,e.CiU \1M!. tUl I, a$,SumM that ,the" duaij' form.], ~!J.be\ 1oi-'1 LHiI~,ed,by t1it~ rn_vi~.Ofl of,the i:lmIDl:r)' il1ltu LJp~ ~ LD\verE~p-l. ThiN: i dD~'bIJ_e$wilc rig~[:: neverthele:ss ~i!le<.l'e is 1']0 unamlmiLy 1lI1S. tile' I!l10anirJg ,~rJle \-'f,tfrd m.~r.frolI'l tt) l wbi~1t me oi!.!al i 'fQ;Q'fUold.. Whil!: SOlll 'lmpluin it by the mmlllio IId;ffU (Akkadian mi~lr; ·boLl,llIrlar.f) D_tbers OO~ll'l~,clt Wi1111hc Uebl'nw mfw', i ;~teqnie'led lIS- equiv,!lk:1l to . nlrtteSB.' 'Bill nC'lO!l.l!r ex:mun- Uon it i:lecmn obvious ih (In· ", I _,tbiflg!.::l;~ _tJ an ~ liEeniI, and g:l'llmfQDUcal ad~pWion of' rhe E~-yptit!;iJ1ward t3U,Y. t1uuJ elif t3 ClGd -a~m Ifhe is Twp bmld.s ur tlIl_ '~win mnds.' Ibis being BJiI a J1HU~ 'r nf aet tb 'designation giv. It by, the EID'p~i:ao< (0 'lh "~r (iDI!.lIlEty fmm time mmuII1IJnal witb r(lllCrence to U I"-!'Ier and LQwer Egypl.·' eL as we- ~w from tile e'\'idl!:n.c~ uf Ul _l1!FI1arlitol'1Tn'hlet ~t1 ILbe Kum\H~e .tele, E~ypr. d.nri.Jl~fuc a"bos petio ,WIllS dj"'J~ inlD-lbm Imtf1enl:lOit iJW"t:i: l!..oWl,l:r Ilud Midtll ~P[ "'lfere Ii.IJlder tMll'Ol .of fuc Hyks. hUe Upp r Egypt WM sjjU lUJ~r gypt-inn mJe: and Nubia Wtl8 IUn~~r:81ruWv _ rule-'. 1ih1.'!i/t' 'tfIt'iteGlefltThill!' b()U:J)d!;iries,ljerw~lI'Il::hem: Oll£illC 'ltierween llhe-Hyk. (;Is,lind ppw- Bg)1,J~. H1eptnu~'ttM belwecn I ppi!r ~YPI and ubia•. s OruUirlLeI' has concluded (in: Eg,vpl' a/Ill Plr{)i'(Jo'I,'I); "Th whole tenor (lfl:l~ g_I~t inti'aIplltori .tlUI!WS 11.olear lhal"'\pophi~. p,f'e"LUn\lbly iI1lc I~I C1 r hi name. never a[ended' his ruJe bt:Y:OI~d Kllmrn:l. e~l;n ( r D Cj'UilC lcmpu.I1U"y Illccll('r.nifU'l ,of IGi!~~CU U?i-J:Wth9rl,\ Mld tbere i no J!~ni,evidl~lilceI hal MY vU~Oirme!1Ll00r ·Dr his raee had ,CV~rtilol1E: Sll' ('iLb~ ... Thill r'lyksos 11I1eES .nIWe:~.at an 'II gc of I[~cir ile., cpnU'OU d m~rim, n the Wig Land .. of Qgy"pl.. 111 this eflS0. :if .Joseph w.~ apPDi'llllerl U) his " f1t1lo~ll'l" under iii Hyk.tO$ ru~er. rile Biblical statement rdtmims W "the ~ h i'l' , Ihe" 1.1I1U}' Q ILh~ Tw<)' wmds,," wbUin tll - bjb,Jiicnl fH!l(!1Uitlf' "l-'Illh~ 1~ n:lv be 11at ii'wru> In stl'eSS: lei_[ 'fldMain ,,~reUW!iraRe~. \, ,ou:ld rlnl I

Dr

is.,

'1m

hCC!'tli

pos ib~c.

A:l:l!:W he WJuU'IJ,lllUnl~d~ 1'l.1m, ,ride.:OO U.1~~il'Jid 1lnd' dJItly l'I:'ied befra:re tllim, i~!ZIW the I.: I1Ifl2.ft_
111t:~~p~~1Qn

chi.tti:Ol
•_

wNcli bit l1ad:

COel'l~<;i8 ~~ [43),

"Sow Lhe ll::ftltle'··;:3.t,m -E;ngl~_b in!!l~~,I\lIl'~fU,e:Nebiew

~ (j~rt!k. ".' Ii~e,h OtlcordiQ.g to Jqllh Verg~tltI"()$~p})tf~ EgyPltll)' d~~, fmm,,at'W' Eg._yptial1l imp~tiv:e mOOning "',t!)o, L'tL:eiii;,jIJWie'" an~ ls bb\Vi:tf fo hlr'i!e-e[lr~d lEgyptilliil us u:10llD '\lliurtJ dli:rin~ lire Nb"'W Km(g,t1um ss ::!J 1J!J1Ji,.
WllWld:by

the hendd E'gy])liM ~b.~tlJ:t:Y'

[o'-5~tlltllffi

100pMib:U'~ th~ll1il~ve!:i;

,£1 d;d1

not«~~5t

i~

b~fOire 1l't~,tim"! Q<i" JJlf!- BiglUOO'li~'ffil Q)lTHj:SII.~-

'Am'(I,Pllar'.I,[Ib ~i1H~tI 'JI\&i1'P~~5,Inryrne bpn~l~hpi1:"~"IlI~; Ilrn~l mtil: ~'Ii'1l!:

i,ti.m Ic,irV;j'I"c' ,fl..:~~. l'Oe.rnesis 41 :45}

.trn:' tluu,llhtel:' of t.1JJ.llwwmb. pt;$~l\1 of VI) , , -

ft!1J, Far:r!1' I~tw~.~""rne·f!~me b..~ U:,\'ied oru;:by to I(he p:rmslllr ,tJ:asS:QI.h.tll~ u5'eq a Illinhlluli wlJ:., h~his ~ ~Q:k 'Fhe WOt'/t'l 0/ lite fJll1 ~~'lQtI!e'm. Gy-1"IJ1S Gvrll~ mak~~, ll1C-polrrul LhmiliC" WJme .YJIWfl II. ''''may be .tIt1 cx,p~I1Is:!cm '(lIf ,a ,'Shmmr rnn1l1~ ~[ Yo, "l·,e:1:io. Yall. Md -V!llU,l, wblcb nl!;.'!JI g~l,If." ~ ,addl!:lI:)fJI.dJl~re h:JlS'beCTI a !m~~!QFl ~k!::oIiI:'l1._edi vine nnme is (ill 1I,' [Q!~I.'! '~,'I!I11~' q~~. 511!1l1irll;il~ Syriil wlielfe'Yu .fig!J,~ as Eb~ '~u.n 'of t~e gdrJ. tiW :r~IQl'Jjm).1 lti\d II is ~(iII 'tlW~ghl ~ilaL ,~e lrIUl'rfl:: ,oif ]tls:ephT fa[J.'.IerWll!.§l!t ol1,e,·Ume Viand ,W.!L~ ~p~~ I~oor. !i011'1~tim0~ le' Janilb; sli)rn~dmas, I~{)'lsn'J>!;':1 O$i'~~clJ, It S!teitllcS .~. I.lllill Lb,~t. f!l &iMj~.!i! Jfl~P.tJ llis DIWi.'I' fI~e. Pb:ocaoh probf).b~~ 1Jt:~~w.1lIKI, [J11)]]osyltabl~ f'l~i ~tl~ ~1~tilng J~.u~eph ~~isGo,d,,w.~.tlh,tIle Bgyp~ifll\1"\vOt'd [{lr u~," 10 W'lli,l1:. td I:; uS!Ja1~f' pla~. ~~ a \'lr~Jfi.1't i'el ~mpetF n{!UJ}s. a,~inI8rne:l, thttr ~f f/~h'fl ~C1lil!Tl.iliUy iJ,ppcru;S Us .tlPmfill\.l!I$m Juc:Ob~ 1\s th~Wi)rd '~Se;p1'l'" dees not 'S"~eM'~ '!iaJJe;n BelbJ\li:w ()tt!i~. 1is: mUlt l 1 li.ke(y U~;::uif. def.ive.s: f.r:oll"l' E;!!ypr.itUl. SpfSplU is.nn EgY1!~[i3'Il mlUlme meaning "'d!n~'" .linG w~, ~du.",. !1ljlJlltl ti'Qr h1;I1J:I' 111'en;tIJ1:d ~""emen I;hlili;n~rJle Old. Mtddll, ~~clNew ru~d.lim~ vr E,imlt''Wh.c:re we ,lmvJ;: Ll:Je.~ exam'CW1IGrn Q!L''1lw liIDl: MHfic

pIes: '8", Sp'''l1''r~t,~ 8p~n. S'p.,:I-w.i111,1" bu v~ ,gi )o'l:l:l:l J1.},$cph ijG E.gyp~lia~

Sp~~.I'~W·,fi~/1-11!r, Sp-Y' $p-, S

~Dill'i'

1.1 ~s

!lDl]:tnl:l

d;r.ll PbarQn!1 ~ltould

,,,,izj~l!'. \0 EgYfticr'Il!'H~U~"S:H~J1]i~ 1 ! tlni~ ~a.mteIlWlllty 8Eid '\l,[jjs':paf'1 of thie liip:httu:all:!ei'flg of a person. 130/ G,h1hlgJomph 3. l1ew' mZlJm~.P~~~1tJ ~!ii!'s!s.!i!t the same umill ;gi ...ing lUlU II new 'RGJI'pli.lli11 i.dcl1ItilY.. Th'e ,origin of H1e 1l81n~~ ph nfl" ·$w·/ ''In (SjJph~neJ"p'tlllQ, nrth) in 5gy,ptillll-Ji~ b~~! lhl,!'5Q'lIJ'tteQ'~'-d~'i:dll $tid nrgl.l!ttl:ell1'l 'ror ~~1, ·11 '~elli.lut)·.\lliithHeb~ew s~hollaftl. se~~ing an hner~tUlle !J.,hlmii~,'I#f\'U[jtH! to I~le poslti~)Wl9f ,re11lllD n ~ ru Vitntfli:t! ro'fleCI J'GlKe:t!:f(!S Fillc i!"! .line BiIll!t ~e~ 1311\l'tllkw(}" T

jf.g.1'j/IJ,lisd1efl.P£'r.sm~.~nfiw.ntfil, fI~rutn Ranke). I't ~er'O~ sooms IlIktlS! lba-It w~ iPatti:ur,ch, wusm:ot iknnwllIflllil ·'Jo~Jlbr fmm. 1h.e [iw'e ('). hi" biim,
b'l!l't \Vi:I:hl gi'!'!~l\ ~hb 11i<UJ!'t'----ll!dopt~d u~timut:dy bytb,e bib[icru V!m-rilltQ~ lifler if! ~lh;;lit~

Zn,phrurtb"'pa,~a neah dQt~, ,nul "mJtii.t Lo :J,ny-:,~u.mcu~tlrperi{~fur .• l.iIe ill E.g;ypL, but the lllamii! o1l:'his wife' pro\tidiJS ilfl~rIl1~tclue.

I(:!seph" .

eJmlJipl~4)_
th.e nmd.tli ~lem.eil1im iof ~he
.ImRIe are S

,ih

JOSEPH'S WJl~lt
([itne~ .. IttI'll god) witt:! bhe

o:Oj]v.e:tJlt'iofi;~1 j~~,..j (may.,he '''lf~

fl1Iayc he nv'e." AI.thnl;llg~ 'he lill (:hG'r~j,s nlJl1!,l!iU'I~,of tU(1Wing ,p~iool¥ Ilb:1tna~ll~ by Wlti,d'l til'; mllil W,~

wilijcb would mem: ';1rime.uf gQd. ~h ...~~'s ~r~i~d t'n &'1 l'~lIleph in Un: Bible. liw).
Ct~IilItm.I~_ It

.»'~oofuh" ~l:\e;bn;kHc~~: bame oI lJ,ul~pb'!l, wife. ~s.di'!ri·~edl frlllrt:ut the Sl~yptiml

n"-lu;vlhil::'h.
schnb!~ 'I1IilVe'dt~n
~JiJ' in'1t~~et &

m:emilllg "bdlongiug to
WI.! f.mIlW'

tile ~IJtd!~~es1i !Neit."~ .A!I.tltQugh llhi", 'i1!lhe only ,example:

of

th3J[

k~Ci\l,In '~he!l h~ Wlrsl am:\I'~d m. E!)i,t fro.m,

stmply
,(lrt~ ~11~lbl'e.

mOl' hOvc.I~..:ell
W,~:1!,the

'Im:oflWr:.1!1ieS 'me gQ~d~

N~[t,. ~jm:iJ~

1Il11!lJ]!G,s

iW:~I1JI)fl;!~ns other

gmts:

~Jd1jog hhn."'lll,lrIi!<l:·Grd.I'h\tlfl:
DtlIUil~~3.R~~'I:[~; 1

(Ji':h()~h). h

"" ~~ ~ajJdcss.~, ~ reC.(unm0n i1~Egyp L rrom Uu: I~.m;e~f t'h~OiL:! KillgdQfn,

I,I .. , U~t't' I~~i.' [f e :tIi&I~ Sillwri-tr t,t I 'Ark/,,) '1'~.~tumjfm. ·I,'~ ~,
I J;, ~ ~A'lI'plJ,V;fj.· Vi:' r(".iljilt. K. 'Sillh~.

•~ "'~ildj,rit#I.~ fflb'li.'I1~ .~wt>'!jf Jf/~I, (aul ~rrl)'u:UiID.1.·. U. Lam.b~l1,

AI

(I

E!tI'priwl

u>j~lI Mml,

H_· ~. n't.~IJIi1

and. j __ h:w ,i$lf iIl'c:: Yid~n~e fOil! ,0 in '{'!.lUi S Ittm,~. i~ im,p rlo'flt ~,ub:~ is in mi.llId I.MI. :l~ :Jihexe iJIe no vow 1 in hie'mgl~ phi~St '1S~.w tad equ~J1.~! wei ~ be- i'1l'h:u"jilremcl ,as"lrli~lmlltgln go It! Lire g~dd ess Nut" ]n hl 'btlok q\ Study ()i lfj,rjjiblu:ai' 'lot:l1 of J M8.ph. [i)urn'lJ.cf S. R'cdiford lildtlpted efhe '5' lrnerp:rauUi<;lnL A - .~\e}ll.!btro'w h:MSCli'ipI.iUfi Qflh'~ June ,b~ lmiIDtil~ '.;a'i Ifl!1tead 10 ~e ",," to, ibe f0Ul'ld 'jill U'l~ Egyptiap rOIDl, mj' VII iilOOif!b.~
R~C!lf,ord!.fSre:preJl'Criling ,il ]alet !UJ~ge'I'll'IUil~ de\Ptl.l~opra~"1or life ~fIJne. rrhe ~arllie l ~ph! kt:iOWlt d U:S, in ~[" fmm Iln~ lime tl & Twr:mly-,,;)lll, Ill)'} a t}'~How0ver.lro.'ieph Vergole In his book };} lJiJh Uii ~yptt.! refused

olrl~

DQt

eliV~ any .g 1(1 wh

1

wm; in

me land «~epr
(0,

S0[1'I. Add

It!!' bailE

-or

to f Uow -'.~thellillbj' t"i!llding, prt~wriQg w,~dap an mWrpr(;!tatiOfi y, W. -Spie:gell:jerg,~r lltlfl E:il'PtJJ!lin rll!!Tr! ~ n~al,c::,afl'e;pm~dM ~X;, ~tl~' witb (hi? bib1'f-

w.g,®d, ilDd el,ema.l wqrk Ib, jdiil: the bo_u~ Idf Ki~ Apap]]j~, l!'iteF} dlily ~[) 1~'U'It:,s'acrtllClt5 m-tide' ... L-OS·~h.VI .Ii'iis aG€OI:In[ was' ()onlitr'fMQ by ILlw ID8~;O l'lfY uf 1m ,tim~cLn.g table. da'lJiJl rNffi ll'ile :time. of A.p.opb s nd lbearing dIe inse.ri:l'linn. '·h mad .... f as _ m n'IJ~ !TIlH fur hi fl)bWe:r,S:etll., Lonl ef A:vari :< 10 ·E..riljlfJl .~! J-fiJ' ~ra"h51 lite, A~an lGi~I'd,inefll..1:imi'ecL SI;l~I~ A~ri wilb an A il1llc goo: ~'At AlI,'urh., I'lf the Hyk.!l), WCln;l1ipped tb IJiml}}!;: ~Ul,l!l'1w-g:('j-de'[b . , . in' lhe (e'l1'Ipl!: ~"Uer~ 'l!I_ntl'leoo~ here. I, e h~.Ii' boon tDeJll'tj,DllI.:!d aJreru.l ;;11."> the: en my n lilundcre.r ."f tire iiood od Osi,rif:, btu the R)lk; .Q' ,chose ttl ignure !!hal ,~C'Ft:tI>lb,l!! u~~t, D~, .inde~d l;md Ib~e:n.dtme if] [bi& Ii'e.lfno~e.ct.irner of Llk,
1ii IlCillllp.e

anti app~_d

cal 'I..l'an ~'PL.i,{ll'l _wno.U1.• ~~!',\f~#l.'. Thb,·n:nm. Wltich has SUD!IIUUJlillUy the srun meanilllg----..she OOJtl6gs (10 !Jlt~!t'I"i\lC1l ft'Om tilt L \\let Egypr1M dialect and f '-liUtgem [he. development .of tb Egypmlll language, known'
.a...11

d~Ha; frilm U'le e~ies~

lime.

'Fheir

Uf:

ian

0)

eth, now written in

11~~eg,pt au. that ~ligJlita!(d dUniI1.H 11l~ Eighteenth

0 '!

Dynill$:Y

-.rod

~r~d ~ be'us¢ i~.p writing. fram Lh ~we

tie cenbnw. N'O, rn._Lr th· hilbn~ll[ fCllIl1l I(.)f the ilH~ ·M)'k~o.s i:lilI-:

the A 1UfflL! k.if1g~. lfltya;s

J.

hiicl1 nf the ,abov!! iflw:rp~talir:ms i. foiIDWOO. .i:ltmI;...of j'o·:eph.· wifi . learl gob J i ate fr'Otn

BnbylllJHun frJ.!ihjo~ as. lhnugh prono-uned Suwkh~ WOJ,S crun!lli1l1y mure A imi.c in chM'llcler than thc-na '\le (Jrigil'l'l!l1. l'ruil'1g h11bi·$gurmen] anrl b~~;d.·&r-e.'l'!i l:Iisti.JlQ~ reg~mlldtln:ee IDI (hI;: ,Se-milic B!lJ'·,~J __"" Why. th~n; it • would. a Hyk!«Js, ruler IArJH) bill'il5!elr wor.sltr,ped SCILIli. l'l'llaff}f hi. I1~W fde-np;! iWcl vizier 11:0 u d agtu. r of ( prie [ of the hnttld rD.) (he I' y~'So~) g.ad Re'! !E;rj,. ~t. d~ pi~ 'lll(orin@ ,(b'e bly' es P-=riud. rur Jus~ph' dego~~Jl il]m iEmr'P1, had 110 cantu' lin !tis. bOOK ESYp, i~1lI1 IJ/~ Old
T~.l·'mn{,d'lJtbl!lt It~ ~nl:lnd LIDS maner ot thl: 1Unt1h~ge m'ystUyLng

Another~'"PeC:1 0 Awoalh" poinr:h18- .!liW.(l)' from [h.e Hyk&u::I IlIcriud. 'is the de.sc:riptim~af her n U~e"da,tghter _ h~ pri,&";1 of Qn'" "' l1o(l9l1~l. , llll':h \~'1iJ U\e t;(l:lIIie: (1f!.ht Egyptioo \'¥Ull'SI!lljl f 11It: SUQ-D,I d No. Yen we bQ%" I.ba,nille H~~o' hO[lureiJ only ,oli1e E~Li,Jl;.I!li gall, Sltltl,. 11 hom. lJ:te Eg:y:ptbrul (1\elil_lS~ves hawi~fls·l.be murdetel' of !be gl'lod Orum, nl.tJioliLgh· thifl;. fe-ared and worsh[p~ Jwm a. we:IL Ma,netho bm. re.lia:le.d ino,,' Ih~J
r.l,Z~d ILh~'lr;mpl'~
j'lIl

b.e)'p.mll hil occeplMQe~ "I ,1flu~nbwe ~'emit~

'We suppose whh mn , .. ommeniHJWni;

and Lh1lt

w.1~QJ'ro"~tu Ifa:vollT uuder 31.H)bias rSem.1Lic: king,

~11~Y bL':gMI aft

'lIe! 111m the Opptltssicm

r the eKlluJ~iol'1' ,of me H}·boo.

'wl:u~n the Egyptial1l kU;'Igs of tb~ Ei;JUI!!J1D'Lb Dy:nW:Jl,y fiec--i1nquaredl the delta. we nltlst admi l. Ifun 11.he-Hyk!>O!l king nrn (11:11)' GJ,Howcu Ult: ~ I hip

tIle other god!! m the. gn.1I.l!ld.L B. Ptiti:J(1u.rclree rd

thaabd,ut a oelllury !J\rl~r I!he H~ksns e;;;pll[~i(m frmEgypt, QUOOli:l, Hnt:thepsum till l'il,n1cltlbetelil their hbb1ilit. I~owm'dis gypthm wnrs.hlp: "I hav~ Ii"_s[ore~ t.hllt whIch bael oo~n MJ;I\ld I rni'ed U~) thaI wlli1:b bud. gnne to piOCC5 formerly, since the Asiruic:s )"e~ .iin i:be' .~i.tl:!ilt ut" lw~·t!r ill ~Nurl1~hmd. <md 'i;!.agaboIld~ w~ro(irn' me- roidsl of thflll, ol,.",~nbT'I)Wi'lii.g thIll wlijdl had 1men mn~~. 'rhe~
ruled ~ Hlh6Ut Re and did n~t ifC'l.b di\l·in~ oon:ull.lQlld,"

hi bmok Jl'1:m.;:,I.tli.~' N,ew EtJ~I~1W reid

continue al HdliopoUs. bUI, even encOlJC3,£ted hi I'i1VOuritc.Jo 'epll 1\:1I10W 101' fb~ Hyk.so,s ueh an 3rlnl~:flisjon , err' dim I!In~and jct i. iUm1.1SJ h-~YDnd dD~lbm lhat l1\e ' tlJ1'Yell thi~'00Rr1 nat!c Ute' I.b. ruunlnl ,of IIle priClSl and his dllilJgluer, MIhal dah.~ from
11' R~lo

I~ 1I1Urry th~ da!l.lgl1t:C1; of Re-':5 priest. AIIJI ~hut we (!IC"urp!!.ction (If H&y'pt· (10m d~~' I8gy Li.an side rn~,

l'i,),k,sO!i tim e-!l, bIl.ll1·t".a Il.Iter co! ()!:!f'iIIg ...

Th_ Hybos allQChmellll:O S-et'hi dt'..scribod in dIll:' P I.'yms "aUiIt.i' I n~rilisb Ml1scl!m No. H1I85). which was Wr1lttlll'll during: Itlc ImL:' N'illi.;letn.-tlj DYf!~t\-lly.:"Kitl~ Al'l0pbis m~c· him Se'lJh a~ ~~ord. flnrl he

THE DREAM5R KING

'I
II [1ll.i'l()S IS

IV, \ h('l I b~h

115we

'1.'0

a.pp·O~l'l1ed jll.;1.
lIfom

,I'f,U\l.'lph. IurCUIIUlf, ~

sa\!j! iUJ.rlic.['

c-_pb ;li.~hi Yi.z~~rf"~' like tlre. ru; ·0Uru of [be SpMml Ill~d

LIIld lb ·~fl'll1l' D,e tilOI» irkdy ,illterprerer l1f dmab:1!O, I I\l~ MI. an j
W

ttl

ha\i'~ ani

erop~.h,ywilh an

,I'll! jaL1m~s L1l1MJiJ!fepbt·s, ml!lUlSJ:! mm:te dD1Ii~']11~llEtgypl l~ buy oorn 0.1' the thne 'of fWUlfF' I~n~rhii(!l'ur'dlta" uvldeuee thal. these .ourn~ys. took . plru:e ~.ri ng 'me periodo-r ~.beili,ghleeutli Dy-~~u.tymllher ~IrIIll(jo!. thWl tw , cell')luri:~ mrl'i01".

ll' -lltlibro'Lbem had ;app~d !l.LIthe ti me wh~ the FU:J an; were Ihe 1,,,,bOIl. I~ maj9rity~f w!h:O!lJ fbl!ow,etli 'W~ ulso ~<IlImruli.l~5.Ibi:y ",ool~ hiilrdly hove be~n acclllI:!iCd Elf spyin,l.

JOSEPH' 5 OATl-l
A~r lhle brnJhers 'la1loe -d.lli.ed Ih~ Q;arg-. J'Qse:ph de~ds Illtlt IDs YOl.ll'lg~1f mihcr" BE;'nj:amill. b~ brfllll:hl·do\1ffl1O BgypL and t,vke_ ,-"eMS b ",Ul Cl,:u1i illlillecolll"se·ofodctrcssm! llllCID.

When hi ·bTU.Li:1,m IIpj'l~d tmd jo~~~h Tee'Oglliliitd Ih m, Iw lfirst 1;!,:(J,l~dhi:) ~V(f!1 r~enti~y umi1 :'-I-p.IK.:; lE'iI l'f~m hill1tll~y:
••. Ye:

Cfij]-

;' .•• Ht'reby lfe:si~udl 00 JDUIN.xt Illy

!!til\'

life Ilf' rl1rn.i1Ilti!i~ $liIalll'llllr~g

ur.e

spiel:: to

ee

Lb

n~' edtl'!i

rr( Ll:lc 1 fld ~'e ,art!, ome.

,rGCiRes1Si 42:11)

tbnll ~Io'ffi<ilil" e.:t1.'.1':JJt S\'J1;i1' Ulil'l~1 bmthcr rJm,ne htther, S'm'Id one CI Y j. u. IllId lei b,im r~leh Y.1'\(Lr h'R1t1l.T:,Jlim:l )Ie'siwl he' .kcPf in ~l. [lnlu )!"'\Jr-Wfll:d.~ mayt! prn~ 1. w~diih'l:friiliil!w I;M: 11)' !:rUin in ylilu: r. ,~;fIC' Ii)' Ihr: Ufe-·Of lIID'adh.~I, P

Ttl! w~ rill wl~idl 'the \votd f_ spielll rmem tdirrd o.Qi.:!ur~ hl Ute' Old
",imclJigenel:: U,gll:l'll'·u sent mu ju. I Jprior to II m:l:;i,DI"liiWirruy c:aDln3igtl. 1111;;:mere pr4 l m tit ~lr fIiEN'O ~,t1i'i'tl1 wus ,~(ln_sjdt·v:d M inru;ca'!iolil. of .tli1'i. invasi.OD t;o '~Wi:lI.
'~II!IIDCnl

,e

m,\C:;'iI'l'Ie!S,,"" ~Gltjn:sill'~·1:]5.

16)

!uak!_:" II _1l9f lhaL i[ ign~jj

,\\1Jal \..'e rnigliJf caJl

Trus urm ~11di . lOQL I?'X'LsI in BMP[ before ll'te Ei~llcenm 1)yf1;v.l!,y UII1d rh:~ NeW KiMg_dQm'l'l. Acconimg ~('I AM el~MGI1:SellB.a.kir in bi'S book 31QI4i,y ,rfl PI,r;trGllJilr/.." E~~'pt. '(Jrl~ (}ijtl~ ])0n11UWa during t~e:
Eigl!l'[iilt!rnb

or ' .

'Iti.. il1tli!J'el,1Jilg IhuU~,... ~h mhlllnicll nd'nlun: ~ Niue!i 8th:JUlA.! ~ Il.hilllliil.. In Il'lI-:letl!' . wllb th .1 r)"~ b: 'I _ru.'I n, ~ "tide OOW-Ccl'i ihlll f, rel~JI' If lhd S: h~UJi. III ~l Ii . Mj:kk~ fIt ~br hu-. [Jffbl!:rm Ill;: l~ptI~ wu aw luld 'JJ!i<ll. wlwn Jet! -ph m~~d PI'I I'IIilh'-~d~Im.ltl:e ldn:i~k'b1 FOIl iglli ~ Wl'it~~I'i~ miWlI i-:d'IO! Ihl!Hh~IU~lir;pretllll,ilHl ... "W.\liS true J~a!nh 'QI~ liIim Jlmt.l'hll ~-+P. ~~ Wl.1.,_~nh~f [0, D.:' d~h¥:'Ilf~d p! .I! thi1~. "I'o\lXIld .Eivl: blnb IXi _:I. mn ~tm wflubI b.idfu::!!!I!!.1; PilaUlUil. The kll'Uf-Am~nlimtepn. ill. I ~\' [t'!\.'1{W..!.!i W¢~tQ ballr lJ!1J[,1J.b. hi:! FiJRruty liIrrJ II !vm·ye;;rr-t l~ ilf1 who. in ~l1l:lll~ijl J , ~.~"Ilf t!vllnll~, IlI'~~~hJ ~U~llol'Od hiTo ~'il d'lir Ilni:lP'ie. Jusupl, ii~1IiUl¢d. lm\iI!Jivci. ttl",1 lI:Ji. dltJI"r ",oli wfll.dd diifr IUIti i~ ~hl! )'Q~rn:!!!lI'lIlII1I::'wn~' wq,uhJ,bi:; 'rhJ: fiJ!I~I",'Iri"g. II1!E J;I:, M!lQd~'\\\I11l'1 WIU. hllJ1PillU-od. anIl. on rromlLlIoll\u tll~.LhmtII!..'Tl!llli mn:illi. wile DIllSllul\'l'I 'boon lJ.\mre I1r 'om:pll s pMphc~ c iC!I1 bCfo~ he dh»> ownl I. i il,III .lb~ Sphlm .• iiJJii:t !Ed JUM!:ph "IIJ ,hff" vr,ier. ThiS
Lmn ~rpil!ilHl'~

r;ynast:y wns il'll'~ian)'. '"As Amn,u) enDUlC" ij:l'Jtl Lile Rl.del' enduees' and changed hiler 1nID, .'Iu; ;'\mun Jj\f6S and es Pbar.:lih Ij'o/e~;<i

THE INTERPRETER
n lite Ihird day ,ni" til ., im.prlsonb1im1. Joseph vii.t~d tile brotllef!\i
feJlW31 (U

lti~ del1lm'l:d 11111\ the ymmger

ovel'ill~fl!I'd
{II

Ei'YJ'L illId'

bmt1'ter slnmld. be brougbl down to cOIl"{lrs:aid.ora bll:twoon Ithem:

of

~V!':llil;, lin

wJltlQll Lt ·!'vns fltlCC$!:ifl' il'i [J ~I!ph ~ '1"1"(1 \'ide 11sign. f.ni L~I'IMct\U~h~ , w rMnnvll·
dmm_tcrl:\ fel!li

,.m Id

~~fi'1!1h,h' I

rru:l~r(~!lno in tli PhLfmoh'li dre'lJiIb;

f~

K,~non' IlmT ~~IUIii' Ihm: ~I;;t~

him

A"'1d Reul:)mll1lanswered th~tn~l:Iiy~rnt. "Sp!:lb I nm unu J'. u, ~yi'l"g. Dill l!Iut ~ifl, id ~ -{ Ilhe ,chUd (JPlI;epl~'): lIml Ie \vQu1d Oi'i hear1lfhtre.fl)re, behold. bis, bl00ifrl is reqUIred. And ~hil,y kfl~\'.1 nol LhaI Joqpli1l

~t'r\'~~'!1i JIlI~~h· .. fl'l;twP'n:I"·

1I h'l h~ <:111"-

~Ild hiiS 1lC:llIl1ttrtle ~ fi'1'Jtn

tuuic. 'u~od tha~

['OJ'

he spake

I.IInllJ

them b:~an inliCrpruIJ~T. (OenUSI!iJ

(lliliJlleJ unfi"l lihe, (i!l

h r~ i~~1
tIll). Ilt)Wli:\'!"r,
1;\1~~

bli~bt:ctl

ln rnlmdlJ.!c5llg UJi.
,~tiro1

9:r th~!.IliJre'I"I~
wU!l'di$ am!

11[~
\l,

wl,~h/;j!llvrl"fIlIMio

1}flwll'Je..:UMthn mdiII II "'!{lIHI.U.'~Il 'I~IJ 11.:.' ••

III fUUif.!Hl

~em~T

'LIl Ibll~1

wbc

nnlJimiJe: w~s lliu. ISlIg.Uit8¢ IJr I.b' H)'Jctios r.u.h:rs, blld. llaIJ i.Jaey. bG~fi,
d"'ltl'ifll~ w~lh. a Uyli!sos

~Mi:D!I~

llU01ml ~ wIng llit! .!mwtIJ ole iiBhll J~1!

.pi'llli, 1n 11li!JJ:J

\fi:2t

1'.,

!:he' 'bl'OL!ter .. wmilt] 001 buve ~p!i:clecil bUn

If(fm

UIII! ro 11Sbrgb ,l ~ IWtllv yem~.

[i)

:need ~he ~~i~~

vf

Wl

inte..plerell'.

IN'or \'"'IIDI.III~[ltey hflve cpnd' 'C[ed

i~

,Ft)fi/k

r Il,t ,(1id:

his 1"11 'enae what "ins ,,,lead m~a'ln "', be a pMv~ue I;:on 'Cl1>3liull jf JJhey h tJ bad an, ~,"piclOIllh3L h,' migbt Und'tli,Slillld Whg_llh~' wure ·$~rmg,.

"0 ffl ,\Ym.,~ m "'/!Qt till b_v,f}II'tl.gafe: ell/IfF "j!,

8,

dtjfaJletIJ

dt(!" ....

THE MEJHO:D OF pAYMEN:T

In Ille J0gel;ti b~cY ln EgYI)l:
'rtU1i'Jotle[l~ e,TA!~

(Sl:Hi';L xrr~,6?l

~armllon, It'" I:.It'o:~be~ W€! lii'ioni;S' 1:0 pay rfllr l1mr:graiFi tile:!!; HIS bml.hct"S". Le.'1Dl1 me ~vl1 eye, elileretl the ~ILjJ .aL tc~ .irtet'Cl'I gate " (lYliddF~sh ller~I'Lith Ro.I!MI,!d\, •• Wldlim"l'll~" M1kk~z 3.._ftW R9'
l-kl,..Y,

commsnd d to II LheU-~.fJcbwitl! oQm"1lI1d to III tore 1mIIT~!o Inaller ;.nlo,l· sak. an . m·gjve~l1.n~ pro ':tionli r th~
j Oefiellil

\'WlY .....

42.::2:5 AS Ir1:l1-"VIIS llie brOIJleTl'i·'1.liC~l!'ld \fi;ir, if{ i ~ 'n:lble 10 assume thl:ll ~m~ could tlrnly llll'Ore' ktu,wfi' ImJlbiilg itd:~01JJ.U.h c'ib' limlfn, ~,eaIiiIlg d ,r 1I.l. '01' their p,rawi.oU! I'np. Which city did [!in:: bm1ben; \liKil~A"Ymi~. d\~

II used!

[0

be tl'ml!r:b[ Ihn;l m~l"ie.y etimc inoo use in I!lJ 1pt Olally froM U~e
81 " ,

ti:n~1!' 0 S,hfl::!Iilulliq ~ IIYf the TWeJ;I1"y-se-aondi J)yn a g~)' tgSIl

RlJd, than

plli,cr IQ II1Ui),r(u~'rhll~ hb form r s:u~ll.u .t.nmsm::tltll1 UI:io bll.ry1l1g ,grnin w~ll!fd be: the ~i:lh"iul!~e g~ "of ~qulvnleai value. The ob- ilOlJ~ ~s~tiun at'
was 11U.JJ dUll th ~011'11l1U.e. f Gene _ n3d 'Clipre~ ed the 'CUS'toM' of f o thew own em whCll I~y \\I.rol:e r pnynmnl by, [\iN. lEnw ¥er, recenl,

HY~JJ

rnglu~,nh
~"'O

biJpilill ill tbe. ~~Ie.m ,d~lt:m.. PI; Th.ebes. tht; ,capital] I]f the :Oynaal . ·ki~g.)~ ll:l~ flper Nlle.'? We· kII. \v from Manelho' ·~ce:UJ~t ~ba~ Avllri. Y,I'lJS'ioforrlfiu.- \ ith

~l.Id!re: I'wiv.e. fumld. evid nee

Mign
f Amenhor~ {lilt i,Q

1.0 5uppom
I

11, p,ieu

me idea f UJ,e{Li(-g Id
+

w·on ,'" an 11,11 it was oop'ltlrod,'cn~WiU)'

it

by Alhr:uQGi ., (lldy

that. at Ilea.st

mill

rne

mtt.lr

bit

!e'rsil.rUlg

ilver Wild ®pper. of.

an. jell1'[EgYP'li~

~ears. Avaris. !1O e VCI)' mime lJ!1, ugge~ts a 'CmiUe nr ~ rtre..~.',could net have 11 d 31lY·
Ie IWiring:
Mill'll)'

n.'CI.'I\J wei ~jll.. Imd: \: 3111Q-~v,\':,*,~oo ~ as

.1,

mean

111' ·;!<.Cl1m~1:I I i:l~_.1 also r

. rcremr.u:e

Lh~l1J! Ilk.e

11.

d'ff

f\ ·,lil gLll.es

for Lh:\: brQilia~

to UM in 'eQfcri~

the ciI1;Y .•

pj,)M$
li1lot

.sltwct , 'IIi Phflr,aulrir:

.~I,WJlit

III tl'f dl'e .Eig11.Ieenlil D'ynru1.l.y imfwiuell

ill a legal doeu!hill .. ~'iWl tlebel1jij I:If ~1;1 '!Ie'!"" W~

paid as D price Imli:'o iil'a\t'e. Tbe 'rille

tnat

molli~y pJn:y.ed' iliil groin pt:!ttbnse

TI~..:OOl'1 an l1:ie nUlt1f ~Mll. '1\'''5 !l ver W.lllled, tJlt:bm.lgb it w~ a[wuys .• imClWn. thtouglun!l'L the unciero 'W,nrld 10 ~l "tl1' :c.it,>· ~'II~[b n'~UJy gales'" tlnd i".h0>GT.cck pIDIU Rom r IllWil.!IliOllled it rrbem IIle' tcrnh c~llr1,lry B.C. as ··Ihe
ltUlld.A:d-p~
\1

In LI1 bibJ:ic.aJ1 !;tory ,pi" j .";ph 1Jl~~fci'ri.} ~gFJlf! (lonfo;ro1~1'm1 ~isted in EgypL dUring Ul~'Niltw Kingdom.

w:hb tb!! 'sll!iilatiC!El

,cit)'.'"
lO gMl!'~

Tbf . dQ
illlol«:'

. QlliOI~I'tf

ID enannces

I;hm~ch Ihe

cj[y~

ciU", bUl

belnngi~

10'hls

S'~I_ " all

ret"un:

uo it~ 'rl.'mp~,~ ,ood pili..laoos• .ll,ncob's '",,!lVI ee .\lome I')~I '. Ih~ w re m~! I "FhliPes.

am A\latl ..
AC(lO'rdii'llglll) 'Ll1eKilt'UU. J;acdblits,Ked his sons. ~e-fumtbci second l:Iuyin:g joum)~.Y Ito Bg~IPI. ~G(:!cmp-lU'lji!>.~ B(:,[~nmin~not [(;)enter the en), liy·,QI1e: gale:
• ''RrJ
. '11. .;}, \:OFn-

b~ J'o~~ph·~ liLt]]

bmllwt',

'AN ABOM~NAnON OIF $~HEFHERms

Thu bjlli'di al .nalntOr 11~:r~Ji. [WI) II'I ·!.W.!ih~,r.I.' 1!iJ. H,.J:m~ $heptte.n:J as bn the W' ] dng. an abomlmlliO!l'llog:yptinlrL.<:. Tbe nIl'S . ~iJu'l'r, ,wklallIQel 'IlI,-. bll?L1,ers .r16Unill. rlngin B !lfan~i.f!! '!'I>iEh them, ru:n:l fire b'lAtetl io ,3 'nel.t' ~upl""s hume;

:md. W~~s:in

E~~"Pl in lh~ R.i ~Ik

m' S4x.'fj~1 F ,IJ1l'om;r

19-4. AI.! "Un . ~1 :~ll1eIlT

I~ IIIC,. h~

[1]1:111111....lJ/j,lft'/;1l anTI

dI," II!! CAh'rl'~d'M,rmiA Ilmll,"~jl ·1~Il'b· lI,l.hll,i!1' IJl , \ l1li .I,III~~ ,I' .1I''1Ur, Nu I~' 1'1. I, II fhillil,1I
II

p.,yt

;n

And [I~C}" S~1 on.r ·seh·e-~

r ~\lm 'Jo.'1cllib'b)' b:i~

(laud

lirQr

ILhem by Lh~lif!~

and tm" t1_e: I" pri!lD:t;; wbi,eh d1d, eUI With .Iil~.m. ~',!.beRtsehf0S: OOQaU5C ~heEgypUiiJ1'!rmi'<;'hiL nUl IJre-,Qi:! ith the: '[feb L<Wrs: w

ell,

Aner

lhg

de I.h
tion

Dr Jac
:

h in Em'Pt. l.@ was mummillecl

oil JOsl4pt('i. per'-

'110f' Ibll,( is lUI iilOOmiJlliltiol1 unt

tbeE!lJlp(iIU.I·.

fGe~lr;::;,!S 43:3'

'Th~ .ooornd eeeurs ·nf1JaIr Lin.:IIlb" (,'Ir Ja;.i'lW1 urri"Je.d ill I~u~ ,lililIid .Josepll·s. bro,tfue<f5 :m:e aibOUl [0, bti'ill1i Ilill, 'aLHjicll~ 'whb ~'alJ1~ 1:hem:
,.·\fld,1 t silla:!ill,oo-Ifie 110 p:~. wl~im Phanl.Ob ~l:Iall call ~'U\J. '8nu
i

.~'u

001WUllliIISbu

~,os:trttlFh.Drdt'lb, Ji~

And
W~[Ul

Jo: ~11~ ~ommawJ§4Ili: !\ej('ljlWl,~the

CuUHltld f'!1r b!'m; foil' 00 am rullllLCd

j'lhysicfMS
ltill:'

[0 iMnbnlm

t~js, rlttl:J:l\~ all de ,&he'[J h,sioiuJ1!1 ~l5l:1l rinc~ 1-:"Ia I, ,4. rile! ferA,), <k~)I;ti

duY's,l:lt tJnl'#t:: ",~\I.'),

haLl, y.

.nr~emb~~1rned: nnd Ih(l' E~lyt'lWins rnlDumec[ for him ..t~OOflCl': and ~'~n-ys. :oe.."iis.5.02 31'

to

"'Whill ij}lnur~·cup3'lion." l:11at ye-s.haU mt,y. Th)'lifi 'ms'lmde h::uh. been.al!xlllt eaule [1llnt U!r yt~urh e em!IliIJnLU now, bolll '. e af:u1:t1mr (lUll"
llIthe~that )'e I113:.Y II Ul Ime IM~ of .Glo.'1lhemto e ~ d'\Ir'.C G~ne5j:i 4(.:-1'" 3~,1

!<bepirentJ

Frt:'m their ~Ijll time '. ~t E:~li,lu!, Ir1 Ill' pt'e£ rve hUDl~ ,~ weU as. .!l.I1iI1!1ll3j bMi~ ~ftl!:r ~~ TIlql.ooli~'!I'cd It'un Ll~e spin mill . lement In a
J~1Jn leaves.th 110dy [~he. ~ tif ooad1. D,u;l \v€.mlU '1J1!'le du.reulTn ,~rlD\l'i~~ U1:1d Uri: budy IU;J!d nci heen Id~slll1oyetLh ",,",asbeeaase ,of d1is; h0.lj(!.f ,tlun, from Ih~' ~Il:dyda;r~JlhL'Iti: otd ~ilJJ&,d(1m, le.y woilwtl ;lit dl}velopi.n, d LI'Ic tt:eI~iqul'$ elf rnum:ri'I~no::a'Lion. A~ II W,I1!), JlllI~p~Slve pl1K1lt"l$;(lilly
I
1

.it; tin flIbQmil1aD!)I!Ij,ill1lQ, tI:w Egypl'i:o:mi" ]1 ~

dfmGuU to im[l.g:iJ?_c- 1.Ii'ttI.l a tly'ksUtl. hinllik:IJ.9 rut f ,of shq-p~'I€l!rdiS. \V(I)u!d'CbfilS~rl'r Jt\seph's f!.1Ul1Uy nnbomimn!crIf IlU ~c Ol!lnl 01 Lllcir, ein.g be herd. The lligypualiil ev~deJ1,Cc shows tbat it w '" durin!. die i:gh~e@otb Ojl!.W:i'ly. ~f:'J:er'!lie _l'.[lUl i{ IiI 0' t e [ ')'kso , ~hllJ si.adc shepA
E;J~

lu;mme

pmticularb' di liked.

fil.anbe~ ofilic R y 11family \\lerea:b,t t Dff 11'(1 m~Lmil1,t .. ijUI1 i'niti.aJly. By·'lb.e. time: a th~N~w KJliIgdflJ1l .. the Uigiht..,cnilh r Twend:BtiJ'-I?)'IlIDlli • Dobjel ' and f. ~'aJ:S.L00 were recctvin,. 'this Imnl nPM, bur nI~It~1 pe

pIt! \T:C'(t:' !'lot able t h" ve mpir d~jJJ mu.1l1rnificd IIJlI~il after IDe E:I'Ildof rhe
UlymlStI.e peri~d,

'Cbl:lplllr'..4I7 .9f tlie

B'ook ofOerle:, , is d~'!f1(1!<I'edo an t

[lQl,"lOllnl Qf]n;lW.

i~ du::

COllnc of ~'e~ph' p_repllln;iun is FIJ Un: imlX-~dj ng '~ve-n ye.!,l or f.!Uiltil1l~ aU ~ll 14nd of 1?gypl ame .muII)Plilut'.to,h1s- paCSsiollt. Varinllh ~[Cmpts 'have been made, wiihoUT ueces • to retate this lJO· me. s-pooifi, ,pfH'iQtl of Eg)([lfiun ~tQry. I~p~onrull}'.~lham LM V1ew of Jus ph Verga'e. , ho .ity in hi bQO\k.JfJ~f·!,b 11#1 Egyp. 't!lU:Lbii! ,~td.C:[l:i!:be tab1e of ,the pooiareh JI seplfs ;J:gT1~uJ,rur31 P' J1cy { , lii: an UIVl!nUll1l 011 [be purl. of fhe
H:e.h.rcw mIUillt.~i 311 I 'Pl'I__1Hlun:rlc· Lil:m!:. Inam pared rpr it Olle w.ould

The 'Greek hls~orii'lll" HomdulJl,il;, wh¢:l·,,"is:luxl :E;gypt in 'm" flltb C',enruf)t described lhNmmunifictiliOtl ;pro.~eH!\.;jtld b,ISat'tmml a~n:e.s 'II'/lith, 'Ihe ·bibi.il~al' smw:ment !.hal it [ook seven 1:)' d~ys.. AbiDm hllI'f of lhi!'!>li.me._ nrt1j cln:ys ~(!)rdr-ng ~o Q~ncsi.~WM required for deh)fdrall.ion of Lilli:' !:Intly_ • Mmnl1rLit1¢'.1LiQI1 WUt'l aMoo'iatl.!~ vif.\ually ,rj.lID the beginning v{iUt belief in tb resun'ect]DI1Il' lof '0s1ri:.s. 11d~d 8,0d, l"Ii~:l!r t) the Wlde:t:worl find jud~e of lIi:Ie t1caJl Osiris Mm iDe!] Ute ymbd~ IOj IeSlJrreclJOn mull :Romnn times, when bdicf in J~"lU~ CWisI n ptru:l-ed .l~~"1I1:1-111c11.1 IPlian E
B,G.

ess no ptJiJlt 1.111 I;rYln-& la i!elau: II lo a 1p:u11cular mse. it Joseph..bad fur !Ileoo. the f:mt~in :;1ncl pre
110'[ espeet

creed, ~UII'~...:nJ Ibl!i:ll ~'I Vi3S e

:J

IIJ.~.g time before

E~WLhllcliiCoptr:S' ~1f'I.mi'il~

ChrisllUl'l:ij .nf th:eJtn.:obilt:

~ecl'l'If MQI':l~I)l~ymu~~) ",bt.mdollocl' !c.Ql)'lph'He1,~

nll Ito hi:!' wrinen IIIK UL 31 ,any h~ll'lllnh.· ·[rn;cjdenlllU· '. run'\!lillbuwp ill tIP:~m-s in ~ &&:li:.nein the tomb uf 1\ rum , Yl.llu' . on, ,jnlng in i_i"'. gr.,t~~17lfill a harve II. f~ti al "el, III ,<llian,1

Uk practlee ur ll~f,I:nmlmmC.a1iQn.
1'iIlW

Osirls l'm:d been assU!l'S.iLn:ll~ by hi ,br,t'lth'r ~h '(.SUlel;h). ",hI}." we earlier, WIIS tb on~y.~tian p,oo . b:fShipped bf I'I::JIc ~o: . Why H. wnulJ k~ foUl)\VO'J'of~ h obsel' U1e0 ;iris pm dot" elFtrlommiJk ri n ,

r. R(JRf't1:Phiill

IJ1btlngnipll}' t'J> hi

{lit 1iR\plir1IF

fI"'r(N~h{~M

{. t~ IM"-I'

':~111

,"',ljI1rms ' Rm!lIl l~rfeH!Ild

!il.fl~i'\hlld'lll, ~

ru:'ld accept his jlJ~@TII[ in the !,tiCtonyotJd7 In f G • fm'lfII ~i~wtbacmlog,:.. Ie 'I eJ idence 3iVliibtbh:i,nOI a' ingl~ ~ i ,',kJ'OWtl df 11H JQl,o rule ."Ilt an)· f wei,l! Mn~iaIl>i. beht.g mummified,:, nor bWi a (omb, in dm E~tj,fJn tJm1. e er b~ fOUIlQ ,11' on ,of the Hy~SI:iIs rulers at fhe mJu,mry_ Sc arllbs
aI

10

d T~U el- 'lllhlkld i)lab. wm:e

1011

lb~-.Hy.kNQ.'"

period

W~ta 'fOU,Rdin

11 brtck~bUn.t It:!'01b with ~1l!'J:iej~tI ruuht. reLk'I-~W1rlJtli:ynh,' bu! I(,hi, ~ndl s:rmi II~tr,silruil',~u,"e.d· ,[orl1b~J \'lIuj,1l'11Ji~lu"ny wiUlt!l ~ Cl'IY. co~taln~ti multip'le 11u.riolli 8.1],dWb-temOI!: PNll Ill,y Luten led as falnU~r V~l1lll, TJicbibJltall me-nliJ)1l l'! me m'!.IJ'1'!mificatioD uf Jacob uruJI, later, Joseph can he Ql'lt :l l11efii101'Yof <1, true e¥CI:ilt inthe m"!il' uad =JilOTfenC~ of rh ~;,wly 1 r~lires.lt CijJlIl!J1 ~ Ii sUb;,e~~ept hlSerri.l1 hec: u e i j CiOm~ p~ewt. ugabt.'iI: th~[ rer L wi 1 b H,e. Purthe:rmore, 1\ 1- olidy was l[i'lLl.mmilia.ion nn pm rlsep, hy tIl ff rkoo,'; Ib_.l;}"ru'liCj 11'Cfi::rel1 II.:- we bave to lLl embalming p~~fI ]asLin~ eve-my diy~ a:ome from the Higluewilb Dyun_\y.~ aVril:!soggesdIlg l~1 JIIJlloilll and Joseph cOlild not tI~.'i1.e bem:I mumm 'Jij~ durillg: 1hc tinJ,j! cf 'bJ'i11!' k ..:8 rul~. tly 0

The Lost Cities

~

In '.a.tklltion to Ute :c!.'i{.fenoo gi,Y;cn ill I~e p(~\i'-il)ti . 'Ghapt f' SlJ(\1 rt~ril uf D theory arc fD,t:~d w 01 11 'rmrn-d",~ ovt:r where j~Il's lilmiJy..a£ll.oIally &eUI.ed. The WlpUCiIl.Lit}1l o.f -Ift~ smlo/' 'hi. 'GcneSJ11i is, tliiuL,he I '~"ile_lj[e$<. wh~ w¢m looked upon as "d:~te table" because the.y t

I:lm· H y'I.'1."IoS-~[IO~ Ro:m~

W-eJIle

s~~ptH.m;ls!

Iii und ,ruC'm.,,~lv-eSc bani '!led m ,a regiil;fl

¢JiU~ GQshel!l.

E':'l'f!fl!e Irom U1e palll,"~. ~YbiM,e uJt!Ci)' .. 'Quid. !Jl I give 'llIToo'~ W LI elr E~vprum bdN.1 . Yel wh 11 \fl: rum, t U Book of E Odus we Im~ tham Ii. 'l.n:glinI Ph n !l's dOOllSU'lp.Aliter [11 a~ol1nr 'of hDI~ Mo~. llll!: ::1St.: ,!Of ~Ilree mOJ1~. wl:!5IlUddcn mnQOlg the l1l){,,:d,because of Phamnh .' eomI'

lJ[illnd dUIlaUln31

HeJ,r,

iQ'

cbildrJl:l1' hOlJid b~

mllnlt.~~;

we FIIDdi

And the d:;uJJfltcr Qfmuu'~lJh ~mCdi1Wii I'll !Wflf,'hfm~~lfnllh'!:.ri .... r; ~ aad her m31d'll'ns wal kl!d glhll.lj; Ill}' Ilic ri lIer", 'ide: ~l1d11-'" hen site :\It
Iflllii

Dk amoTlIll,the fi~8 '" sht" sen her ml'lmd to: J,mrillL And whim !iliIr:

h d upeni!d h. ~h~'saw the cJ1lld- rid, -eboJd. the ·babe wept. And
she h d cornp . ien OJl him. U'TlJI-u1d" 'I'hi childrrm~ Hxn In. l~5.6) n of .he

Elehm~.·

The ~~m~ p:ro£Wn:ity is fll'he:l'e:nl ilU [he s~ol'y of 'Col1osl~vem..:m o.m dl.t.! Hebt'iewl< thaI ~ Iill'p much of _tl~~ ew-bf p:g_1i't of 1J1!1 Sl.l'c()]]d OOQk' of the 1;' OI'1ueuctl-a~d lI'~ur' IJ.JIim8~e:I)' W: the ElII,' du :
I

fJyk.l1J

111,rJ IJoI'flC/JJi;

Cili

,I,

M, P1ind~
'p

f~fl,e

. '''h~'n mil:

~1t UjdJul),

illldnlli!!. ;;'1 Jlr!ml!

milJf!5.lil '1'10.,.,.,. ",',"

IJ Gl'rJljlf!.

lie It

DM'II!~: 1if"1Jj TIlt' T{illlh

rl/'i

t. A.I;~I.I Owdmu

arose Up a new ki!'I~ o\'~ E@ypl'. \N hfub knew,no ill "JIlll• And 11 Mlild lInkl hrs p,.nplc.. 80;11.011:1he PCIlI"ll~ oj ~Jlcchildren or t
NflW lh61l:'

1:S~'ijd!l!l1O'11l1\:lrellllid Mg1'il.iIer Ulan we~ Cowe C,[I, ]~ ~~ d~l wi.:5ely with Iilrl!lm. [~C Lhey. fW!ltlt~m;lhr. ,find: ~; et)rnlI!!l ~a ~.i:t '~~~I. when ~b~[le fa~le'r1'iGUl 'tiny W8r, 'th~y join wro !JUll1!Uour jjru~rni~ and ng:~j ~?i~M U.o/. ,ami ~CI,' get, them up ',bUL!ilf tll,eIIliR~

iT!l!~r~t in ~ypli$;n

lil{j.til\l.i~s ,n:m~Jli:: ro~e~iIl~ l,ilU!O, Hlil co~derllMIf} l1up!Lr

Ibl\l i'l W~UJi!I~ Il,~~'!~ IIlllastl'o Ullld iu E-g)'P1 clJln~til).n J.m .(It'the l1!:Or), 'of tht JSf.aaUr~· ne;._un t U [iI cl !ibil"I!.~,fjlil~,!!o. 1J a[s,"Q in~pi~~ an jot~at.io~a~
,::!s!;rtullll! nport.

rnl~ImliSUfC!S .ff1(lIl1Egjpr~.I!t~t.
phl"!lld~re!:s ""1~lll,tI 1Jj:t.nn'e ::uldl f1aD1b'l1!!'Mlllunlrnn., ".'stu:cle:OI lof hydrmdks who·~.

'11m.JrelHJrll!! did s.u. ()\I,~r i.lmn~ rn~knH&!~lel:!llea,:]ffjJicl, diem Ml'>imll !heY'

Qfll;L;: o'r U:relind,

&ek Ihu~.el'l~.Al!~lJtlh:~,)' bui It ror ·Pbo.rooli ~.sllre riri-oo. 1P.i-rl~~~t:1d ~n,.;},m-~~_ l1hUI.lle m(;j~ th~y 'lfli'i,u:~~.d,the:tn.[he more tl,~ ~u1tifl'Ued 1:l!1~1jTjJ,W. A~\tJ ~hey we:!i£ grf:h,ed, 00u;J[Wiit: "Ii the c:hiJ;dAti1 of !<;'II~, i A':lltl tihu' Eg.YI~l!lIDU tm'tdf! tWile hibirnll'",r r~]~O'~fVe'OlithWli c ri'g~ut. AM !hellmnde thajr ]i,,~ lJ~tle'rWlith Mtt1 bond. in mQlller, and in
hl'idk. ,fUJd ]n alll1:113JlJ!crof S'Ilvvh:e

Gio'VurrnH3'~

physi-ca11y.

!'l. giat.!'n-

m in!: field

... tHl(odus

I ;B;-.~:4) ~~~I~

~.x I~t ~ve~~ im~l1&Sttlll.1;i'r,.~.\~(jJ,'of Sll{~tlW~!r ~d I;:!:~OJWI()UstJ paw~~'ul. 'Ill!: ~?lfpr:l't:d {l;ra :.t4mg mUll :;).t Sarlho1,'N W"l:iilll1i 1he)l!t~e. iJJ ILOMQn. aod" i'll.cl:r.. euses before trfOVi!1l8' to EgyJlil with iJ'lI:' 'int~~om I7lif selfu"g. hycl:tJl!liJ~c m":uh1i:n.e:r),, for 1ITiS-lll.1;()U PIJ!pO$€!S. W Iml.! i11lS'pro,jeJJII .Jlm~M !.n~~~-,gsful, he I:..m~.d hi:s"e[l~I\lSIO . tl'ie. OO:II6ction UlltjquJrie!! by lhe !{i1mpl~ m~ dF IJQni.b.,robtJil1ig. In liS 'f." QItJl'.olli \\1a.0; 001plOled by F!e~1'!I Sm[~ !!he

of

nlC'.sinulrfoo i~ rlw."",·'ro:ree~:aelJ)!,tl~t111ll'p~&ife ('If w!ljJ1 C.anmmit~" U~ !f dlstam

rolli,Ofl.

01'l_6 ~i~u

Tille II&l1~s,f;'Ifl.il'i.em~h·,e.f;: srnepl'MlJrldt>" aresaii:l. In hl)v~ '1l3ti.L.$hO:4 ilic-p~Ll'i,loml

wbile ilIe role.rs tit the IDn0' of M'o~~,

B~rii.tis.h Ci'lll~ul~(fim~rnJ 'in B,fD']l'l\,.II~!'e1iil'l1J""1i: [Me aC:l,loS.!lnllillUa-0fRaO~:5e".,'n, later to, be hQlI'.~d in !he Hriliish 'M,u~il.u,l~10!1g\'11 W[lth"0!1'\.!'al~ahIepi ~ceil;,

w.hom we m13 led to befie .... w!lIJld have ft,pnrl UJie, m~.utes lJoolb~rol1. e b bl1lv,e !hem ~iV"ing \\fiith.ill l!1I~tJLkmg,(ji~I:i'.Iil0e:. 'I1u! E:<r:!Jdwi!,j[~~lif, Whitfh (hU@We1!!i, tln,te, GIlfJpre'~J~l1 beadb~hl fore.rnd ~Ilkl by Joooph. I"l uJfiu::s,ajd ill ,1~'3VIl:smod 'uom Rmli5~s::
An.(l' di~ elliMm:m of Ils:me~. oumOlyed 'IimmlR':l!"IiI.m~s~. J (~jlildUii
(0

SU1;'~tb

....

from 111€iOOs,Sub~qOOfnh· he j.oi~~. ::m den ¥,il~OI1 It KMll:u:k, amj iI \!i,j~ . h~. 'in fucL, ,,)1100 di~@.verecl t!hIe' 1i1rn1.b 'llf Ay~. :''11;110 !i'tl.l 1011 l.ll"c BJl!Y':¥,llom I~;m,c for;t ~hQrfpefi:-ij~after the de-~ (l!~TlIJnmklhn'l'llum. I"unet sdl1 he W~, [6 II.~ [C~II1~~R<:ng th~ tllmhs. ,~~t ~ n wb~1:!I.l h,e opiffied xb:. jn ;filili. the mo~[f.amOlJ'S 'Qf ¥vltLh;,!1 '\.V.I:I's 1[llal 'ofS(lti I. ~.e. r~thr:;rclf R'l.1!lIIHiBSJJ. Thu' I,a:~. Ie.TI.'iI:;l!::'jI Ii,gmc I~rgrelmt signmlim'j:ti~ to bi~'I~c~~ ool'lolUn;" •. v.1'lwa !lild D.o,ll! id~ oti1te'~ h I'm wi th 'I:he. tm.~iim.mecl Phti<l:oh Lru:: J.~vkh. 0PJ~furiSiQil'I..

or

i :!.;:311
';;1

B,e(!rl(mt ~
~~Sl!:l([ 't~,lll:.'f;)~lh1;1l the wlriet~il.b·(:I~~lS

I!JUIl11S, I.lperitLOf

",,'l~fidi ~

IIlIllC'U

d!Jll11flg;e,

vw.~ 'fa.I.lnWftI .~y

A",

~<inl:g.w. il n

b~:d:oriC>1J C\'id.:rniljc

sch~dr!lF~lw!1:_11bi.lLltJr L!qu1rped r~)rhe task--'[JI,¢ GermaH1 ru:C'ltttl.eflln:ll~~ t Karl. I..ep!iiill.~ (lSHJ--,181!M), w.hu hi lJtr~e,pWd us tt!~_grea~~~t in 11D field

of Oo~, the llyks()s 'e:lpiil:31 AV:lri~ or ib~ 1:te:.ISutnl' fSI!lilre) ~hie!;'of l~lLb.tuTl d R aINllJB..<;, the hib!''ic;a! !llol.'Y of 1o.!;6P~ \'VIIS (b.e sl.!lo.bjc~t of f'WU w '0PpoS'i.ng "tiGws: S§lTJJ.e. i'l]!l!I~'llIdil]g the .('iluln;.IJI.. $t!.:W ,][ as ;J strictly faeuud <1ce:oont Clfe,lIen,(s' 1'Imers, dl~~i~ecl' II R}l.~~lJ'Iply I cnliktJ·ion of ~l'"gcl!UliJJ)' Wiles, Ne'~v Hg,1it1 began 1:0 be"thrown "11 ,~b.~nliiui:l,f, btl~e\l'~li,. W~1~!1 Egypt s'~liriI'ed [Iiirei:u~~l\lcmury of irs db"ta.1J1past' at I,he-'~lnn1j'{[I~e lust c:emlllJ'y nilt!I!11 Je_llD. .ElfWl~lli G'lnmraIDmO~~ (17i9G--UB2),' a IiJnilUall[ youmg Fri.":m~h ~:d:~nLi~l~ "Q~rnpt&ted lh~ finnl <dooi:ph.e.rin~ The hi e.1il}:S"l:yphi~ *,~~~nu bail of IOf'the R.!MC'mJI S~l'.lne. he SOlOrl!:.. w.hieh i~1~oJ;Ul:h1l0 haw origl!l,;ntl'tJ rn,HH ~ ICl'T'IPh::. iii_eo Ito I!g~11 wb_en ,an 'Ill.p~dhi{)n3~ fbree f~d by N~!Al[1.11':~)I.!1
,B,It:r lllpilrlB.

nf[ct'Chn.!~'l:pnlll,om. Det'Yi'oo:lil:,IB42 ~d IIS4511i:,\' tadin. IPnr.o(sii!ln eXfedllh.lfl. whj.~b inciLIded ~~vemllS;kJUed drougj'iiL&nu.tn Ol:!'Ilung its !'!1t:m~!lJm1Id h, me.o:gmiud as the b_est,.c~,I:ujl\lpt:d leam ~yer selU loEg~pl.u:~:slUS' I;.)l.,cnlI,.ru:cd rhe si[Jj of me f'Q}'y,u,m l.Ubyryntb .• ~R:a.me.s.sidil cmmtrucli,"Oil in

Micld le Egypt, ~~f,t12mlve Uimg ~@ulh tel. KhunDum in tll e Sndi!.1J1l ,;]mdtl.l~1]i to lJIio Sillni cl~;~n inlfrle nn'~e$.L. His, c)l.h,;j;!)JlI'i'vc; Viloirl. elln ben,1e~Ul'ed bylhe fl'llc l l.hi!!.llJ!!l'was Ian]:!'!' [tt~ send ho~,",e !1fi~f'l Ll1~\1ifuJ'td Egypli:.JoIJ an tiq'
ui~i,c-'S and pJas:oer uasas, :His
~U0l9:l

l.\!uJu:ab~e ~O'ioe'IO',
Jj);enkmll.}e.r.

SW,d0illll

-of

13~YllluioItY. howClVer, \!'rtlS bis .roll1pilatirn~

pl'd!l!fj:f)ly lh~

was' l~el?tli'i'liIJgronli:fie~u'0Wl

b~nJu~rdle WHo Lhe wmern

rn

t~ Lilt! nOM of

R."l.'i),i!:t.,-d
!,!,rQ:u

{ll'l

Llwl ~ n

delt,n- !Cbum~l}ll'ifln'l~

(Ul}'l.HCl:'dF.I·~~II

Inrl!lC;.'l'nl'1.I1 air Em' ~ liim :ru~a Iii rsrn,ip e''iler PI1~.d.l!ced,,:in wlllcl~ Itl! colli ~s;[l!::d d~~d Irtll'l!d~I'iJ.d8~~ pli!llnli~(S, AfliJf Lerpshli~J nfH'lli'ie:r nathltl' ~l!!!li9U!:l 6:gure .!1)~il!."U ~ rm 1b~ ~ce nJ(!-ll!i!l re ri 1lI~ Imln' Ft".Jj]~(J-'i.l'I the '11~fI~ nf Fm!l\1~oi1t

Mil!rl~u;!!Pasba. [I. mlIliVIt 0'£ 'B'Q[!!lnglle. who. wns g~l!il 'i')UI1..rom P:ms, b~ ~I'fe LlclllJ.\I're-,in llt~n,[t)~~net'.l C.;lptic mMlI~p:I!i:. , ilooette IlO'Merlm'l1m1ocf to .L1':Ic l.D~\Im. 'kiln ~~pr~ iIlSt~~JJ Lh~Tl.UWi)'''''!tRJ:lJlil!;dJXl:U of It~.ad of rh~
I~ro'pfutlll.

SeA1c:-e'or A~~I.(Jij~li~ ln Otiro, Mnrh:ue wult:!,;:cl in E;Gypm ~m

Illirt:y y:ea;r,s" d'udlil)g w'hi'llb. ke ul:liJ:Jin. lh[rL}r-fi.'lI'~-!>rl'Wl.mn..gJng [rom ~'Marn tll. Llle!!tilLKh t.o tile M&If~,ermn~lrn • .Among, 'Ids: imJmn.nol cHflMvl!rit:-I!- w~... e U,e;, [001 M~ SL~lIMCOCll~~LfIi'ISt!:.'1 'H\:,;tnd m,o)11l ill@rll!fef th.e 8£m~ k!i rag 0M3V~I:~!lid;)'1T{ljiils

.~n I.be ,¢a~~rp del.I.3_.in bi~ 4es~,

!Q' d~

U'S.

mony.

m(lo~nl-

JnCl:il:S ss !JlIffJis;j,hl~. M!!ilieU~ u~ <:ru~li:' l'1iI::duOds, 'f;G;n!.':bioh he W.>IlI~ T I!Iluoh clifi~imd by :I'mer,an::haeol[!,gi~lS." Hc' 'Mus e'\'cn $caii! 10 t'I~,v ~lffJrun:h'cd, tl'1c:'

fu'U~Illi!JlS.

wmple 'lMlll~n 6xenvuI\inig neu 1[~CSIl!limIL Lilti1c O'f ]ilis irnrncnse w(l(d~:WOilS ~ .. ,t!!r pull.ll!Uled,lll':. tilll his 5e,,1:001, fer itt'l'posilnSo:m.rm,.
J)f
fl
0'

mools ;m~plf(;'1il~us ttl'~jel:lSj, MBri~~~.e had .. r\l:l(!JJIIuJJJ:t of ign,wl'llg :suud 1 btll h!SlQflcttU)' ~U]~ablet ,111.111£, :e hlas hi P~iltlC m hi$tO'ti)l., hOW.~ver, tpr H .lItl!> it'w~ri!~n of th~ fim[ Nalional Antiquilies Sen.1ee In Em'pt; I:rul'.lllu(Ilnalion Cif ~he fiifSt Orlm MUS'eWili In ,lI'lSDf; ill1l; ract 11il1l1 he Filum ~ilnj.t0 rh!;: -S:il:~ips Qromc;jell'1 si:tei;"lIl1d thet b~ refl.:l~ Il!! a110\li.r.iWj" furl;1~iir~:!70!iill'ilJinn Ortlrutiqujri~ fro.Dli EM,IlI.

£bur ~t!)m;;:

·be high IlrJ!:W:> Uliill Egyp:L wCiull~ 'ffl1\icli! Id~tmiool proG" ,['If the J~~pl1 S !(U)' .amd tllemlmioDIi]:tlp bel wecn 1'&1.:::h~l'l:u~hits and Ole lihi4 !.if tbe 1 PlLilIJliiO;!lS~e(f!:l~ 1rI bsve !1Q:rI'l,e 1rl~~_r to Iu 1fi iJ'i:Iel1L Up'lo th I'f ~in'\= B.b I'll ~a.!clbeen 1!l:111~[u prov.jde- only c,oruf:i.rmatioll of deil~ (1,[ the bilbntal liorratio",,';;ot~'I~se:ph mUll ~1I1: 6itQ~ru; Lm~l, ~(:S, l~atiQI1!i" ~hJ"~s. ~q>rc~,,'!.illll1S.
cU!iUnWl~, Lj[~e:f'illind l~rO,pel'"111n1l1t1, 'an,,! I!!JElly ~n~ men'til"l~ of

h!lle:l

blls been

rOI.lJ1d. This

\~,aI."i,'01'1

,~he ISfllW. Stele.

Q:~·Kirlg: !It')!""

Mttl&!:!pl1lh,

dil!JCove-redi b}'

PUnt[~P.iI?ie.~e::~crJ:u::b0slilTh I8!J6.ttI1d

ill Oliru MMs~l.IIm. Tne Sl!!1Ii!

reirue:.1Iiro fj; j.leriJOd l1Qt ~me:r tfu;W1 ·~hu tlfth ~ear trf !he. kin!:, 's reign un LI.afwr. .1li1~~~gtl1)1 J !ltln~ ~~elbnl'l:li~g me 'Ldumph~ of IHs yicrori-fI!i [mUb)!!! am P~J~ti:rI~ ...ll-ndj::-wilth d\iilStf,w~rils: "E"anaaJI fs caplll'l1d,with
Cll.mslilUl£e tsknio:rn ••

¢"\CIJ/.Bvi I cir-

is- Ill.m~

c~pli;v~

Q.eze, is {<'\kernl. Yle"~mll'll·i~ bwugl~t

to rJu!J_g~t. lsmel h.~delin~cl:. Ih:S,!:~I icSll(l~~ S~ria 1"i(l~bie:r;;OI;t'!'e a.~file \'i'icl(;1w of Eg¥f AII:,ll'H: !amclS" ~9,gt!~bC'jt!llre p€'aD0.:' m

~P'pf!;aro.d Oil th~ ooe.ne Ii'! LIm 1Mf qtl:lrlner nF rllli'l ru!]~]IlL!;! nl't>I~ I3n1isl1i arol1aeological mi~s~on.ed flr :'H~flri l Null' l]c.l~t'l Sviiss E;gyijlljh;J~bL,t,uttlliliIilUcnl !l~hll'lr, aln",~d ~~'l.h~!>t\;ltii.JOt '
:OdlrnJIIl llrtaUy
iU'lI(h llMt,l.Uj'.

r II~ wune

II'

of UIS3--a

yerur

art!!1 (tie-

E£YPi

1i'~p'1 (~.~ti~!1 Fu nd ,~LP!;!, naUliI!"

Qha,p~cll;;t:~~r l~ 1L!)c ,eg~'Pl pl:llrnLien Sq!Zie'~ll\fld M~n ~ml)lit:ib~d, ~ in LO"ldwt-l~" wDri1. m Te~i ell"Mnsltlll~f;i:'I,ini,lrIe'ea'Smlll' dt~la;. Tl't~ir Spi!~~.ffii! iW'll'~ 1.0.eomuml ~hal a. site' \lj ~ ted by Lepsiu~. wlbo llad Dill ~~al1l:C!jJtl' 'l/31~d in 11],15 .1:ren, but had Im,nd~ f0001Thed what.h~ <:50'\\1'., W.Ui anlll' of lll~
~i~"

It"'W~ tI: l;abl''''lt Itt .. IGJj' ~f Wilittl \~ defit~~d ~a.ilRylb.!!. ~~t Ifnes Yre're regibll:, ilon ~~!WJ .(d e~IIJ.frIin 3J d~ree CQVlIJe.roi I~ ~ staru~ F(iur
hi.e:mg.i11ljl'liC'i.
dil!~!tI1amr~er :p~eoe.'Wq,.f"{)'I1I.1U1il. Illl'e!o,~

p;H,i,' of: me. 'Latue'dflll

stJlf'l,ding.

<cities. e1itll.l:un. Six m~Ui!tlJis.hl;~r, Na.v[Hle e);.phii~dd ~9 W~ :P'1I;fmd":!1 Il!i:Sl al1l11J~1; ~~ml n\~J:'llill~~ '~0rl the 'sQll~h Darik,t1'f th~ S~.et Wa:I~r'
!i"tiO;J;Je

11iIDlI1I. ILb!i!'!:OJ) uf 'Wlhi.d1 had been bmb.n: 0ff'.l1mdl Oi'lil L[m b~r:k. '~-e 1l;;b'OO llllBS' QfhierflgJ;p'l\li; gl1lmg,ibm .titl~: "The fJiid af1 the S'ljoreh.otI"~ ilic aui.oo 0,

G~mi!\lL. ~~thi"~h' runs rl'iMf! ~lr"il'to SUftl't. st~dll1e r~~:r It i~W' ItUl!l{~~~an:!>t)!le h[::n,.lS~, .taJCiW ~ulte.1IbQnru~tl:l~. btiJ, whid'll o:ntilly tli flhlo' ,'curs 1~g_!J ett.': W I.'! Jl0ilJiJ.sliI:i:t},g Tll'i Un-g!.!.Tho Fr~lt:Ich C'[lUed i~RIll11te-s..'!Ie~.it Im\dng first been

w"'lll~d:'lbllli by Lepsh';:l~. Tllfl name is d~nv'ed ~H?m 'fli l~r... fill0fiQH~b. wlii ~iflrepr-e$ill'l1'IS u king .sini n~ ootWiIl.M lVlU ;g~-x.l t'l1hcl,:v~ lli;~l"!.r~hl' mon'" s IlIM~Hlt vI!;>\lMe 3'f110V:~ Lh~' sandwh!J!l 1[.~J;ji!iiiuS '\'i~itnllLb'e 'p,Jiu.\ein L8!116.)le '~ogfl'l~ two' of Ule fi~ures 'til once ru; LM~.uf l1i~ g.Ods. R-e Ilhtl1\rm, later Men.tifyl.og. the 111i.ooes !:lun D'f hms€:G n. Suppn!illrn,& dlg:l the flll~JlO:'" lith 1;1,''(!S. rall1 of;:f:l !iA[l~l1JarY'. hecoae .. I·m:!edl!h:at tbe :place 'Oilust MVI;j be:lffl C'J).Jl~d p~, Ih~ ~tb~~ Qf ~!JlT~~ snd 'L~U,Uit w~~,l.lfl~ lCif- 1:11(: bibH~ I ··t~~: ,l:j;~~!!l~I1Q:mb;U4("d by,[I~elsmelh~ UI d'i!: 'liif!le OfILh(lQI~pre.$iiiQII,Th~:s the>or;1 •.. ,!Thad mAny ~,Il'!~lme'rH it~Us fQ\IliII.I]\ruid ~ •• ,(tl.'lis-site) was- ~ht'lref0re .• ~
seletled:.3~lll~ !H'3tting"poinr~f!.he work laf the fijl"gt :s~o!ll."
Nftvlnb wem on all exp~n:in,Ol.Y.1l 'ifew'YCliIl!id~t L1;lPotiilUS"S visit. u p~)' h

Ln,~alm~~ I)f Tw;n. orsllcc . tI:~.[iuLhl;it gmnl!.:~ Illy. nJJlm.e.mQJ:lt'!!1Intin with 'lJll.S SIUW"iJ in n~~abQdif I1f Tum; tl'iegroa:L llii'vJmg ~ '0 ,slil!!.!tll.ilh.· Sll'~trenrly Ihen'lleJ:1,ftSu.n d1lwo niltlm{rt:I!p!_bl olltli \fl:zy 'l7f~JU.}thcitd <ill' ed r ,g!liiH'lloo",Cn iii'grim,g: fiIr~.r ch.cy' C~tmd ~Wblpa:ft.~!!:If tJ:]f.~'sta~ue Gf .iI. 'S~~D1LliJIlg 'IlHlil'l·Wtl'lltUi, bood!i cro.!ii'i.e(! ov'W· 'his knees .. He was ~ man rl!J~.db.t£ "Ve!)' high (lffi.'~ ~'h~lim nr tlh!.l~nllelh" i~ DYng$l~ ki~ (OllP.tkU(! :[iI.>~1 ::lU~0.r ~<f Sbishori.lU~ A:.i1rLGiIilg hi's Uljle:s .If.1·~e gonlll ~rt1{lf of Pilttu;u:o ,~p; tr~IJJi;I),,.,
No, 'Ville. wwl.

o:n~":l'"e~ tI;5I

~O:\\:r conli'~l1!e

mr

;l

IM,@indt1Jl ,I~\~h.ist~ry of

mh.~' Idly oJ '[d~~n'll. Tltere is. .o:Ol lihe !!Lig1:ilDsL d~~!J,1l1~h:il!1 fiUln.du of I'J."~,~ UlIi'e ~ilyb lillie k'iElg 'of rbe IJpp:t"0SS~DI1I. ·R!I.I'iIl'Se-8 1[, fhe["~ Mfl! nQ,names lI1Qre 31r1:Clii!l\ll!:baJl 'h~::!ofi,ltbe mQJ!!JmOOI'S H[lilltJ!!re .•:u~"€:NJ' teaees (It:,l:li.l1y·~tlv.et~ [ etgn of M o~1 ~lt!jJdaw .. ,B~ft)re ~:im '1b.~1'e.m;ty Ih"a:v,e([l:xilsled,~ sm~:rU] m;yfor [he goo 1':UD!l~but t:~ltainJi' H wa fie 'W;~I.? bul.h the ~[f'N~J().Iluro 3'1'.uJrn,e'~(cir~ chambers •. All !:hose w~ll'& l"Ic,tolJg to U1~ IJf'I'Y besl ~TiQ'~1 ,or EgYIli1ID;m t!ll!;k ..t)utlclirw.g: WI(.t {dtboo;ghi I' ne"~~r Thad ~ lood ftJIil.ui:.lelI,f ilwJ lhe
I I . • _ • .

aPFre:n!1b 'fingm~eJ3~e ~dJfll,~!l1$UUC!ID!g !:lie S'U.e~,eUlll.HI 1l11d ~IiT~ im Une n.reJ. Will h~:tijw.ng 1lI~ f,t'illn, ~atili'l[ll&Ilr,tI't'l1: M· the ,I-m{t~ ilit.y
Q~itc'

Ici1:!g~s niUl1t

.sLrunped on <tOy, o.f~Je bric~.:. UWf

3re

eXfi~[I'y.~~,

H~b'l~t.eflgr~",ed' ,PlIl oo~~ide&. and wbal ,~HlI)ed ~II) be a. Sl;tm;UllaXY off!, terns ple, N,uvnte 'W'fU 9f'i~"Wliftt s.t:r:tn.ek me' £tti~f'ywas nw il11th~~ Dl~il!.lU*rolllt ... ·~¢re.d&itic:Ei.~ I,g ~hc: god TUlll ;~lm1]l!skbi'i, e~pecinll!)' w.c; ru.t6S. Ilr ~.ml,ID')'. whid1IC'QllttiiJi:!iil5pld.n;~ \v!rb abulllm:tLhce:arl, H'WeU-imoWil ffii:"m.' t1f Ih~
g!l'l~ Hwm,akhi:S\. I:kl.tilce it
\\1:'05;

c,nMe a(i're..~~ :mgtln~r mlinnliO:l. ~IJ)' .!timUItr I:a Ihe Ilif£l ootJ, ~I~ J'um ~ .~w.fTum lilim:e.lhtf Sidil'.'~lfl'iIlOOlnulce:.~Vhen Lhey dl!.g .ru:n1lw~ l\-;""fO~~x!:s IoYlllh hnmrm heads \VffJj0 :JiIlsiZl rO!i1lld. as well as fl: liWiIe gmni~e

UmiOOfaUllHi !;,pofl'lampe(il in ~t~!;,J" JI~rl.! .1Ur f"UpiL. I' ID!1)i' ildd ,tiuu<sO:-Efl!'J: llilf ~1;l.l}1! ~ iTIri:atlli} 'WIll"!'!i'11~~! ~r \VfLh frngme[i)'ts, IDf ootld, wbi,;:11 Li'in£~S m"e

of

mnUfJ

he. S~mJ. 'rund . ~:ml! ffiie. meT!! NUIJ" m:ud with~ll.I!t M_Y 5\f11\11 Ut :aU,N;IJi\"]ue:-,. WaJiIl-yill!J no jplo\re> WID. ,lile bdck:s IUl tn!.!l'l1d W01'e tile Sfnnc Il:]nrJ
-e:

~, ~Ilu

mad,!! l"IiY· ~I!e. .Js~~li~,

whllre.

blllll!'':lill!}g_

~bE:.tWD

SIDl'iiJ:. cimf.eH

for

Ph.a~oll. A1th.6l:lgl1' Ihey- :!.IS0Q

And ~
UlC)'

!I1'lGl;W 1.11'firs t.

tJre

5llTPP~}f '1""Im IO~ll:

t'@, ~.

e.'lp~e:llecli II:ht'l'1

I"h~ f-!l:m1'lt.adolll!'l

.Wi0ldd

m.~km:!''!;o.~t.g; aCw!:-ci!on.lu ""rce,fll CJklt, ad [herr Ilfl'icers" and r-""'r ~,[Ike ro mf! IiItl'D,ple, 'saying, ThuS:" j;'tj iib. Pl!au'''.il.9'f1~ J wHJ nlJ',Lg~\I1!
I I ~

a·htlw lhil. !.h~ ,Cl{L}!,·,!l'IJtt~()llJgh. buill 'by,=RroIlfiieJi JJI.' ,wos ,!lOU •. cnl.l.ed 'Ulietlboo~ of .rRau]]~' Ibut ~uhe.ijhQtll! Qfl'tim'~un 1$. Pi TI.t~ll!IOf Pilh($m "1'I1~D'lI~~fe'rl1:l a, ~cllnh-e;~,u~ti,\!InW;-·:sol \fe~ w.a.f!, ~ I tll-l',..'b5kl'iUt.! :I.!.l11 1re,
wi)' pm~~~l'lI or: .. i~~.[1 Rllmoos1 SiH'H'IJd r ftiF!d, ll'Ie ub~re. of Tum 0.1:,.u:-t:nrcli\ inl1! 110 :U,p.s.iwts rJwory~.~l(l'uJd ~ijQd t1~ llbode,gf .Rmmi:lS'~'On ioolHtlg II
!i(}I1FI~ slOliliJaS wliu;'~ the 11100

you !l~nl.,W. GlO y~.,W't. j'ffU .Stml1l' w:b.er"ll ye ~.!Ill rm.d it: YClilot QugDI r your wQrk ~~iJJlb~ dlmiuIliahed .."E*odIJ.s:.5;JO. f'l J, NU'!Imt> l:h~!i] ~nn(:lutloo: ··8io~g H i!l pf,tnll~~ 1i11-aLRam'~s n \:W:i& 'the h ll'Illd ~r of P iLlilom, we i1'tl.vt<. ns,yOIl'iIUI~ S~, the s:tJ'!m[l!,~st ~!lB'Ui1 'pD~~ir., ~I.: 1,0 h!!lieve rhrtl wr.~hUl/'e at l'mJt rOl.llnd 0me 0,' t.IID fuOO~eilI~. umd LlUtL

had

Ull!i:ovef"~d~

J FOlJlJild on.~ wJl,cb

bYl

0;

M")~ Ill:

Lltese

~fC'

tille' '~r)' brick$' whii:'tii :Caused IWe. Diwaelit~·s ~(} nU(lt'l1I ~u.~r.l.t1i,g

.3'n:d

{lliS:tre5,o;,,"

TdJ ~J-Mali};;hU'~~ l'nbtOil:l1etl1 in [he 'Wadi. TllJ.nlti I.ht,;!l sil,a1lei\v ''ial:tey',abnw mittl' mlJ:e:s 10llg. 'boil:'cb~red by dl~sel'1! on e-lthe:r sideW]lt OD:eTI,ectiO!l tllle ag~'Pti.im ~eJ!! wi Il1 U~ ifj:hi'L511~ill the al'l:'lJlirea, Nra:vdA~"~:Sf.ll.~~nmRt UU;~J , it "i~"DI'I~ C],nh:e 5lO're dtJ'":"escalclRd ~1 sall5lI'ac'I:D:OO !ft'lr:,Dibl~£'.d s.e11!}laliM'~lf th~ .tim'~~lf~lU1iougl1r Jli-g tlli\YS ha:'re,~irI:ILj: beet.! 'o!lubjt!CI, ·~iJ St'ime wiliskm, 11ll, Ib ID.9ns AJo.l1 60I:tlio.er ~OVII:eiI thlil'.,IrlIhCl~ Tell ,el-MaslkJluta wao; ~ cit_}' lijf tJIlc god T1um~ it W,<l15 IlQi~ me mru'ID c TW. He !dij)'l.uiii'ioo ,Pkhom with i'liJtotl'tim

P~~R!amls~I' ~\I.'~~re"~Il(: E~~li.q,~~ WUev,edI~ ~1H,v~ sinned, hm; ,pro~l:i n.w~ e]!j)Islv&:.• how,a·vi!lt. n JulS Lt~cn a~pmd fQr mnily y~[S'llh[Jjl il W:'UI~.n Ilhes:~ si~p:P Iihe Hy.ki1'E (;'.alPil~AV1lt'i!i ~flIl~b.o[h
1

Th~

~~t1 ~flwn;:,e'itY of

~jLieN :sli ~

thee ~'!!Img .dt::ier:ipU~"Q1n of llieir !1u:nlilrAI' n:ili~hboltl('lcrd!oi, ~nl('I~

Il~

l~lI'llpllJCIIJ rf;~furu., SIH;._has

rfveDi ~rnJlIlWl~. MMy :K:Ilwlmrn bllJ~ in I:Iddiliu~. itlon:tfl(~d A.vatis ~d ,pf·Rani:/iieS With ~H' Il:ill~'1'1:u~!: '~lJbere M~~ h~
t()

said

[]a'i,IL~ IperrormmJ Y"iHlde,n;lI~girullIIIiJJ! ~gyptlw1!!l:

Milii;ve!tIDUS Uli:ng.s liid be in rhe si':fl.±~1 @r tlllli:r rlllht!~~ i~ iJrc lW'lo

Wudj ~UiJfci~y.

'~t

Gr:'tel.t'el-M:tlli~\il~

.. ,c:ulled Teil.,eJ..~el'dw'all, 1.1was ,

I'lf J;;g:ypl.m
to ,~~

d~t:fI~LiIJ Or~ao{:ll,

He' diVi:de{'! 'lfue sea, 'lQd

!:'wiJ:6;cd

rl1f: G$tlun "l~iJU~IJ_gi~IIEmU ~~b whu 5ubw:-qW:~t1y,~"U§ge~i[~ B tm.l'TeU c'14\IIOO:1th~Iw.. kl'lI}Wtl rmn~ E~yplia:11 in~lrti0ns as tkw. ~ .MlI.Ofl~ of tl'lc. s:tn.ooe~des; but the bibtfiooj SlI.oooi:h. tbe ~n swp O~ rile t~' jloLUrmlCY

I~mugh; lind, h~ Fl!lmiie th~

w:uer~ ~fl sumd

a..,

d1hml

an

h~p.

m;m;~

n~sa,lJfl/Y!!; 12. 13)

~f.

1IJc

IJ 11m:

ot" ll1ile &odlJ:s,

A5 fur' G.U1i!I~n. ili£ tL'wuih:ttOlS'

SlJpm~g:in t rg,1w~.clit. (.00. ro ~

'El'r 1l1,e: Greet 1M j:d!lrlJ.t\~1 tsrad!l, ill il«l:ue ul ttr, ~~ IO\Vl:lloi

ZO&l of l~ul:'B,iblc is

k:1ll0Wll 'tOI IKlve

been d~e tl~.:ieJtrtl

cioc:y Qr za'll1~,

~,a.U'e:d 'TfiHi!l; by Hlle IGre,~ts l.I!t1d L1u::: lmQcle:m SM .CJ!:..Hagar en Leke

'Mell:1~hih ~~ Ilbi~.'0I'1d ~f tJil,I;1' Tai!~il~~ bl"WlCllO U11: NiM~inthe t1r~_tU1~ A:fllll Gatdh.l'fil.r WIDl ot:!e emjn~r!~ sehelar ·'!,<,hl) oce,:pl~~ Tfini~~~s !~re!fii~ i~r a A:!.1'ruix and. :1<iJm!!L~,.[re!rp~~'C fgcr~M~'ll!i"~ ~itua:ted iii, thl!'; n;Mn~~!llh lh~ j EgriPtian nome W~leJ:'LU1!'; A'VO:Ii'BS ~V"'dS trt, me.- ll:mtOO6mJl~ ntis g~~~mp:h1~

H~t1i,l~t'lpl;di::.. 1l!f!,c:iBn~ !l!e TI:MrBl fat Tm~1l-M$Im~~::lI,'he S<il'p~u.1lgfl1l:s3¥~: ~ l

And

1~c (~Ja:C{!1Jl.~I'IL 1l!tdil1l~ be:rm.'e tl1(;lm

tG~
8

lli J(1),'l!P~· 1.0 mool

him tu

Hfrromu!JpDlis"

41li~,:!;!:I. I' '21J!

MflIli'i! ~ent1y. l1't::ItlirllN~vtlie sbmvet,i1tlal tile Tinme &l';li'l1.~rI' i~ lOI k f,P'u.mJ ,iI;m ~pti.Wl.IOWfl ciill~ Fug~ wll,{,l't;e,ul'ltie~t Ulll[~ N~ ~"is.\'m r M: (ilie E!!\Yptiw:J,s j~'reud ~, ."iil ,n-m :H~"' w hiil~ ~he Iii ,rotltll·a."II), C];rilll, eeho~ m tng~ I:~'U} ~!~[mm[\'i(arrls of· lIo~phu.g. 'wms' S'i n.mrnd mll trne -SMile-srirn ,6!1:!11:em onmlllb, O.IlW2; NlJeil)ihe deJiLn. lu Wff$>il.lle ,c.blef.~jJy ~rllc::' ~W&iltle~llnom~
Wl' -riO~Il_kh included Iii... W.~.w~wnil.lJ.tare!!. il;; ,no:oo'lfi,fi-ne,mJ ,;igrC~~IH ru'!!l,D~g Stil1aJlarr;, Lt.~[ GI~s!l~I'iI' is an il'.lie;<l ill (~le~~tem d'~L1. b01U1tfed b,)' rb,e 1Bnhesllte b'm[l~n ,of lille Nile., with FIl((W!B=its ,g,U"Jcmmg' citN~()_ Ut~ llo1l'l1l~est. 'fclJ 1c1,..RembflJ~ ~n!S\v,l1,1~ i

_cal 'g:i:hc:T€>prmc:y 'ClIItAfl'W IlHOJ liil dJ:SI'ni~s T:<!:IW im.l.iadJy~ b~L he 'SuhRef,)iI,I'eI11Iy dl;umgedhj~~in~i piLJi.ly 'h~auliJ ,of i~~e'd:i!:H~(,.'1~~y r¢ly -P'iem' M:o~lel, [he 'P~ndl ~1~lie~lt)~isi ilIi.d !icrli!rol~. ~bUll "",he :gAd$ I..,·f PIR.a~1~S~s. \'Jete te-nU, '!he gods IDf TdlJli~s.,' unly betliiu!;tl Gf Ull~ rtell p
rnmMmi-sreln~ buih:lbflg5-fo.uJ'iicl j;o-C1

SmLUe8,(iJ >£i0dsand kin:gs~ (Jb:~[1!iksn~ wel~ U~part" of

Lt,~ ~Iii

t'.~ume

t1'lere.. 'rh,e ~tu.tlllS ,ofTal'lLl:s, were also reillforJOOd by lIhe bi~~ic;,U n~l'nnurcl1QS~IQ'~i! apQhl't'~.fthe t.h'l1~ \1.ltJe:n th~

ThUll

ciity\"'as ~ulh:
,Ancltl:ll::j\astcdcl hy iIh:e .sElu!h.,~lII1d. am~ooJ:Q I'~t"bmn .. , (Now Hie-:e lorO[l WP1' bui]t! .. 'C-'I'~ limn mL:lfOJi.'c Zio-oo ln ~L.) (~nmlb~rs'I~:2'l)
I-Io\vl!v~r, ~I'!u.!jns ot: 'the, Rttme.%lid~ 'Pruljj:l(l .lijt'(e ~flfb!.!rniil:

('jlbol1l)toLb~

'rI'I1$

b~}(lh of

ns Lilt: PehlsilSC .ilr'd;i1,"h" bUI P.tt!]eni~l of Ah.~'~:iulclrilt ma:ire.'l' ir t"tru in rhe- book W}a,lll E~ypti'Wl geQgra'pby, wlflh':h lie YI'l'mc 'i I~ ;I..G. 1§O. [hili! Ih~ who.le 11!:.'Ilsth of fJhe riller. 'rf'Jil-mseJulih .00FOn to PcrJlu...ium.

I~r iJu,~',ri'\i~iI' afl<."if Qanl.ir

ijm:llir, 1U(te!l

fL(lWtl 1li!I!:rl'b~1$1 1:111'0 e;['l lHeH-O,polllsll [0 ugh ~a:sl ,WD(!g,h SUe l;'el'IJsill~l, SOIiT(~m'~,-~ terer 10 1!hc s'trul.t'h

~otb.

,M~,

Teli 11l1~Mas~-

CSucc:o:Ih:) to t!he-S(,)U~he;.'U)l.

.tb~ ~r

ro

WI; l';fiNmm ddllii~ lm3:cii:ng ~ll[l1'3fi; 10 ,~IlI1Ql1piti!tl,iI· lit ri.ety,'of

Oliilell

aJl Qye~ places .1).<;

wa$, cPI'1.s~d;Nd tn he ~he B 1iDb&'ij~e bmnt_;h.

11lc-' "L.:'OJI'eCl .:ti-1'iC nf PI"1b.l~t\~" N.nvillc, iQr i~~il;nts, m~!Qred 'Kh~T~"'ma U;!Il'uit. OJ disn~~la few [1LI:Ues nmtliwBSL ofP.tqus otI ~ 13~l'iu~ .bl'ru~t'm',~f ,I ~~
N-I jl!,

WI'll£N tli~C\()verile..j iflC:! tided 'Ltc: Mm.il] IDS of a

paJ£lC.e

of J;'{urmtlet! 1]'

WWl 'tp~eflwd rl1i1.en~,tiJ • a ba~ Qra CO~Q1ISi<IS III the, amI: king, stele .au.;) a. well i:niCIi til \" 101 JiU:lnlse! If. name. 'Qruttlr. litw" 'rani. , ~ ge~gmphic'al 'diffitull1'~l!S ~be ','[e ef Pi-.RllIilS6S. htn ,e,~er.beesnse.h, mo.
i9 in differellit nome {Tom Avuri', 'lle 'hV,eF!jtu~th,NcV'enhe1e.ss~_ viIle"s conely '·00, Qilu.~d Al:M Ou,rdi:nt!1, (I mO,dJ'i"y. a.Hli1ou",b nm CliHim:ly $MdOI1l. h~'~piTlIiOllH1g;1ii;n,il1l ~961,In ,h;g b ok EgYl'riffthtJ prllJl'a.f},fj,r, wl1ll!:fe hI a:tlmi~~ I !bamQuutir i~ ~ pl1lfl 'iljle illwm;:IJ,IiVcl(I' TUni1t; ·"A.n'Blf.lg Olh~ cholnni Laldb Hubud'il b.m be!:'fj, panicu]acl) aedve 0001 S'lJ,e[~SSlitJ.J ill htldi:o stelae and' Oit!,!!r evid nee fmm tim same 1'1 jgbbu'b:Ofj)d~ whieb

f[}~'" reach d the area b:. wmr It'! nfTii B: lIlh of Avarl . :;;iild '::afllduct' ml! : fig.bli1lg \ hlIcOD l1Ji \\lIU ~. 11'ris .roak.cs it cie-D I.b~I.A'\'w was ~iIU_d all the bID" ,gf,a '~ukeur lo:nd~ Goonee['ed with the bFDUdle.s of the He [0 lh 'W a I'he: de,I·~ ood I'tu:ge , DOUgh fur til m. t:lfDclilt 0 Ltip, w~ ~w earller, ~~ W~ ;;!l~Fl tne P!'IIQ'in"'-tn~erfl"l'lm Hyk' MIll1;S for~' wprI'

sbLjJ

or dllJ ,god Se;(h (SuUkil1).

J:11Ligl-t, swllJlg li:ic pen'dulom in !:bitt diteetiilfi" AO,on:Hllg m till's !!heury. the-mOntilm_fl~_ofRalll:~':; Il a.t ' ani's were InmsptJRcd LI:i~l; ,Ue Jrn\,~:,'Ii or l!:he \!{!Jl)ty'~rtnl DfliliUilY. wh are kn'r..wn 11;)ha-'oi,e'cboen rtll1.11 c:it)' ai ' Ul1e"1I d ,pilill]. TI1:J: deba'lie eon inues, and ttUfflG[ be re-garded as, b:avhtg been s tIed. ,. It is, my ~lillJf Chm nfll::iw~r Tcni&. QiUIUr.I]Uf m{)&l QJ' ,tll~ uLh« pJ!A~~!l ';mgg~![ed iJi~til~ ~l am the CO,~!.:t, toc.atit)I' (l1f tbe ,Wtod~lN ~i.'t)'ofPii1R1IfI1'~, ..\~;!lfi:;o and

pr·RruRe$..---as oAI~lJ .as

lh'

11()nt:eS ZnI1l

wlrn.i!'Jl:
iLlnt-

.II '6'p'h i. [I O~gI1,1.to b.a",c been in'!,pd

lcell'l'lUnnme !ll TeU Abu

Olloo-llre

1'01:11::

rQun(,l!in ~he

efaEt, 'l\'Ilr! .the nort_he<t.l;L &in es (lIt' Ooshenmd

near [he modem rruJliI1~r luwu of Kmul.l.:OJb,. _ biQbbad-au ':stU! '~~'l bdd, e ttl ~lws 1l,01:\1:. ~ro ~(L by an)! Bgyptlan (MOPS IlneriTlg PBla~tmeby
rl1~ rcute ~ the J;umh G'~ rrI~eIl1Il.Hliinmla ,OfSin:w. :<;:c.hoUu:s'uR: net [Ill diPipnItc about tne prel<i&e ]~un of Zw:I,i, wJIl:eh w,m." Ihe ~wtin;g pt.bu ofPtlesdlliirul' und S)'filmfUlimpai:g;J:18 1'1l~f1Itioned

Whut d(l' w0cknO\'iII ,~bO!ufi·R.8.m~~l 'Wh~l1.l!hi.&citJ flpp~m:s.ll. i. ILI!.1;jll,4UI'y.relu[ed to Ratme....'1 n,-pi·l#l.'lNt.~.rt~.3:;.mw·-t:l;m-Itli U1oos~,.of';'Ram~ Ue]m~dil"lJf-AmWlJ~ Alrboog-Jl'I1lW'lY citi'e~ in d 'e' della., and, even in, g_:)rpr as a! wh~le. ~ rei ~..:d100".. (If the ~.mN~ Idn, "Ih~ Pi~Rarml.eg was ' ree~ gni~1 as CJ Ili lleollce (he' JRamessid kings in ~e della. and !!;i;;bnlnhlu uany ~k 0 i, . hnvrng. ~~tI ~Hlihli'!ned b}' RamsesJl. TIl evidenee point);., hnwi?\I'er" 10 lIre-city,aJre.lIdy Ibeicn iJIIlnhi:llence wh.et'l b~ O'ruJ1~ro th ~ mooln e, The, in:.'imptloDs bE:bed mude €In 'tbe wlltl s;- of we iem!file ~f hi f.atJu!r. ife'li I:, a~ ~i'4min Upper ,Bg)IPl !fvl! U1\I aerou:n;1 of 3. ~it R~I' [I'lmuJ:e i~l ~_e first year of hi, 1lC~ICila, Them 10 .1u:rte:ndd'lj fe.\;ti Iller A;~111m (P.hllftl 'lis WIM~ .lJsl.!lalJy ilrt)W'!11lli ~rLM.i!mpl~js., 1l~1I ~ nt.-da.y CaJ,mi1lll Lower Kg] pr . When I hefe.sti ,J has 'e.mJed. ~s menlif!fl'S that he ,. et sui •. _ and directed hi: 'rn -e;- dDWIilIl\tream to til mi~IlLynh,it!~ Hou,'e~ f~Jt,lUrIl$es"~Be~QI/,~tJ~Ql'-Am:Oh<Je:n-l1f-Victllries.~

or

AIM GrudiniU' C-OflrlmerttfiJ

Till! Jor.fi7a1i

~.-Eg. 'p~tan ..1,.,'ftmu,luv,

191")

Lbill [fii ~imm~ ''famts, them Q~. i.»:ee.metlt evidlnct that F~·R~ "was l:h,e rn:n'thm-n capiLIlll' ;H:l mh'~, r~Q: fl'"e.ar 1 of JU.!''I1ses n),.'" d

e time: of .uthmO!ii is, I I Ie, 1-9o".l4.3b ~u:.),' th~ ffigb[ef3!1tlJ D)l:IlOi<Sty mler, riSbt through to the lim ,of eli: I, tile Het;:llmlldlllg of the. Njnt~enlJ, Dyn:1St)'. ~rod his 'UCIJ,C,lSors.:Ril.lll'lji n idld Ri!m~ ";0 Ill, 1'["h a,oJy Qu~liion Qf c ru,; ,ctUtlllCetb~re ' Fe r· ''''~UI'm;iGe Ute'leViden~ that lin.ki'l it with pjRrun es, wJ]icl1 Wit ,in jtJi !.11m built llpt,\n tliie same i.tc as A ans, 111'1he ac~o{jm 0:[ lrurolho\ Wi !},vCl:n by JDSep;hlliti. WI: are L\~Jd d that AIfDl'i:s Wft5 .'in ltle 5~lhmi[e n~nle'.U1 d •.... ! $'inl~ uu the ~t elf tilt: B1ibeilltiu~ br:M!cb (If l(he N11i:'." 1'~,~ Kam~~ S,i:ele. W'lil:l its ref'¢renoeln ,. t1t_ w\n~ ,0' YOl.iiii vmyani" 3,J.1d CllfJing drawn U\l',. LlggC!1U d,al il WI~'" from
1:1
I

Evidence IJllm lIls"f:e'l"Ire&s ofZiIlru .ulILcl Ute HCUli'L:'af R;m15.eS JWI:I"C il1l.:h~ ~nme 1'J'lcaHtl"i p ~i' oed by the liiumpl1~JI :Iw-em, k;nDW.:n 1llO fue fi'Uem oj :P- mwr, reenrdillg ~~ IT'~ \,l~ulorl,es: mS,yri:a .1ltfl,ti1 Pnl'es~,m~ rll rJfi'r,)l in ~~ \If hi "mign. ]ioot!iJll~ lite hi!r; "'Veal' "', ~ac,nd, ,mrlllu.Il nF ~mnm f. ttlllY 9, His Ma.les1jy p sed me fortress I)f Za:ru .• " (a: d. scri nUn 'f the k~ml," . app~--.cil:'lbllows) •• , 00Wwhell malty days had passed DVeTthese Uling:s. His Maj !'t:y 'being ill th rolNJil '. Rum '-l8elavd(t..Qf-AmuDi ••• "'l'h~ «11")' gor:~, '~lfll ~ d~~l:rl b' thi;J IOn15' s jOUTnt:Y liofehWW'd " Pl:tlesti~G. U
means, Lhelmtlor the ~c[iftlllonill'!le II.!!i'h1~l1ce.IJn Ill' fllPYf[l5, .t\nastasl. '\ llicll!! d~~es. J\'t,m..ihe-llam,es,sjde peri:od. Ihmie ,.8 n l~t[J@

ThriFis b)'

,:31

uimble- fur' t! J:ttfgI: fHlfl!lbel' uf ship' , Tbis is cla'baml.ed upon by Ahmose. SQllI 'of A.baml. in his SlOr} III
ie§(;

eft

r .'area.' and

th:il th,c

aiqr ,had

a hm:bt'lt

'lhe

,f Iii. l{aflS by

,AiuIlC1lS

s I iIJ . riliell b~ des

hes h.vw lh bl: 't' rUI!1

h.:r from lwo'O leerli In the MII'lly'of (he lito}'rul r3.mlCl:1' in wl~lch tlle.!" ;we Ilun Ihey Ilave • ,t onh ftonl tilt! pillce wb I'e: Pbru'lJl()h \V;US {pOO,bubly M",lllpl"tis nd. *11"~(tlrt!lan C' wl[h II c ord~r. r ~b . king (l~.un ca n .

were hr"mglng ~lb

,Ih~l the,. huvt iu:..st p'M:sOO [he &~mier fortress Zn.m where 'Ihe~ were about to unload dueiy \re!i~h l tbe ~Dy.'t._o{lting"'j;)-~: lIse:-Bel '~al Q [-Amuft." From Uli po~i+ lion Oley eJIj,plnq'l Lhc, n"lOIlUll'ltlll~ , in .buv· ill be dmgg.ed l.Q thci,
!!JtpOlrt

them three .'tt]a:c.. tbey

Gif!am.s.

r'

1 Wtu Julriln}1. 8rmll:iLi

wl:l d

',ded

tOI twW

the fin !} I s'igJl or MiI,. 'which he look 110ln1pl. a ail:1,. 'Ih~ tit. r Zarw "ZaruJ.IJ~w.llbB same Imnu: Silt
crZaru

nus le.ft 1 illl

tb..

Dailrle

witheuL
\ 'f,41

dir

' re!lting place, ;BId-11A1:- Illik ,(ile

pt'l'

R,fj)'w

D:,l!Ll~r ~o '~nd 1l'~W lll'l'tiru~~

OV' bitt
A

..ness The QUy i U1eereI!lt ',lhllt) W~l) .:rJ Egypl an fro,mie , . nress Irem Ute umc 'f.WIi!I ffh DYl'IiltSt.y w) "'" iIIW,O ,e ned l.h Pa,t~M r,;t (JO(l1 , 11 WlUi
5

tlens, The ~eo'ro'phi·;Ii Pi-Rllmsa.s.......::>s 11 frontier

luon
is

!fl, Z;:)rn-tl.l:'trl.
gj'. 1]1 coofirrll'lad

\viUru r,
illll

'\!lJiri~

a.rtd

lth!rl"tbiliU

lly the Hy

Cl5, ,king , ~ HI~ ~,I1t'1il1 \'I'u,UNond, became

lkri:f.I'~~f:I as

nrtress

liJ3;flyrn

A!'lI[);HaS~

'whl:!Xe il i .de~[ibed )f I~H'YP" .,

tI ~

":rhe

rVr~fu'lllt of ~l!eIY fo(Cigli JUlld. tbe I!l1d

""Dins. ARer d~t;::epuhi.on Cfr lh€'I~k1i!id" $l W~b lJ~ilI ,us a f,'ilt'1l1tli t nrtresa mn:cll'ri;snn b)~ 'lbe: I\rm,~sof the liig1'llieelU'h DyWJS1~y.. d.utb'lJ who e . .:eigns rt ~tJW1,~11 ~ k.ntJ~rltl ~ 7••!!I:u. When Josepb' hrael'i[e' .aJlJlilly LO' i
arne [0 BgypL, In I (0 aU W thsm Jnw' lEg, I'll proper' $rncnI1OJ'I: p ut g>l\v I!h~'wy fZflnl' l Id' qll'" '1'1. TI!I~ I1d ~I' Asimie bel!'lti,erd I¥' -fi rI!lo. 11 b~Qmg king ofter Ulcmama rebellion. IHotlWJ'lheb ,biJimed j,i_ '!i,T'IY; bilck inIo a 1;J:d011 under the maynr,ship 0 Rarn~~ laI~l' [, be~o]\.

Pnpyru AI::l~WKi !II~ gt ~ .,le.'cripLion Gf Pi-R m : III ~ -a fair spl, Ilhre'i .JID[ IJIc like fil" n.:.~mhlLog ThclJ.es,. rr was R· whu fOWJd~ U bjm" I~f.The. re dli:'MJe I 'n.greeahl'f' t(I'lliv.e in, Us fields are full 0 .ii!H 8i!Jtld !:hiogs; it i fUmisb dI \1!.ril.h, bundanrt pliovjsi01'lS @Ivery diJY; its bill,~k,",awn> M!..,,;ftiUof fi,s.h~. ;.lIlt{ h~,;p('!oI'l~:S orbh;rl!s;it8 mC:j d', ::IR V ~dat'l'tv.~i~'h

tJ.el'bage-,.he gteC'~, i'S;a ~l,Ibi; and a hlll.f tI:i li~ig~L. UrI!: I'roh 'ilil like ,L!h~ t Hun of hOl1ey in Lh~ J,;u]thiPlU1d fieldsi iLS grru,M1r:ie!l ••• dl1lw ucat [,0 111J::
!ilk::,y~ nmOlll!:'lIl'\i.l [eek_' . " . c:lnstef IJrlilQSsing 1I0n~y; red
of 'flowers i.iJ.lh.~ grtI'\le;PQm~trall8.~.

R~5es I. wllo c· '13bkislled ihe Ninefeenrll ,DiYfillllly. 11Wml then thatlt w:a~ rol:iuiJl nod f:ecei,ved its blbli:cal name, Pic..RUJl) es, ti€:lnt it!;: m'l}!OT. Tbe, dL¥ ',eve_$;I,luruly lI~~wl'4e,lJJ~ naF1l)~ rq ·[dem:e 01" ~l1i!f'Jttt tl;l(e,e khJg5 . f Ilw Nb:rJetetmm Dynw it, Rwl!iCli I. Snli. IaxuJ Rnmse~ U. WhD ernbeUillh d
tlte-n~me. fb~ ·i;g.ni'lt ante IJf 1111 s:r;ornbOIl ha been do[]dedi by the rour b'QD·dmd year w1.,:. ,j'W.r.m.lJy dj,~cv\l'~ liE T,~JIis;hy hrOGlte. Thi {eII1! WUl!i
Mi"lllU!

QPpl , and ~I.icves; r:lg~ rrollll lb~ on.::'b:ant~ S~~ I vine of Kelll:b:me

1.'d-6 11n'Om ['bJ! t-ake of tht: resid~[Jl.t~.. , h

W8Ilefs-<f -_i0ra s :Shj.~~:fur, ield~.t 8mll/"lU' f"n,O I C'l1etnical u.i@d in n1l.1mmj'noatioQ.). rbl~li1i {.ire 'rtb a'nd rJetUnl to P)1iI.. At,,..n '::In"'!! of
'(aDd.is.in j1 cve.t.~ My: one

~iorG'e1h 1.0 dweU wIthin h.. J1(J \liish is len [CI, be p('l~l:u. T~ smaU in it is Wwclhl!' gJIi!'D:t:"1 111e Waren> of Sltl·U];ljrWO'IJ~~1~em I" b~~ ' Bnlblil. I;NJIhi~f~Lru. YAli~~ was, ~~fm~lt-ed 1,0 lh,t: Jt lu. i!.lic 'l'!S tlf ~b~ EuN."Ilim nmcrl,lI nfthc NJLe-.Thus hipS CUI ling rn'.!mlI11~bI;... ,emild. ;~il ull Lli 'MIY IQ the hllPJ'e1:' 'of Znnt. crose unhe PuI rilfle·'oorder, ,lmld. ill .be ase urnl)' Lmibt~ i Wal:l, t nIl th:eJ;:~ ihar (be)' ha 110 8tfirt rmir eanilfW!!1l1i en bot 'T:Mi> lake mu L uJoIiltl 6._~ tlrie pl~I.liJJt la~i:m~nt1:oMd tbe II!"l of Ame:nlmr-cp Ill' in n ~ :canl~ ··Y~. n bjrclluttm!11 of lh~[l(5L rl. ~!,Iy [. unJi:li 'the bleB. m Ilj~lY of •• , AJine,hbcil'~, m given IiJ~:nmd, rile G I',eal Ki ng" -'\\1'1 (c, T:i fe • .Jll1e:l' eif, df2l~iifl!;ld·UI. ['tS, len@jlh i$. 3.10"0 ellbit~~ ,;vidrh 700 ellbilt~,lIb .. iWiII, ,
T

Ihlrd deead't: nf h.i. tfll'i,g rc11". I"G hOlil0 the ,liUlIDI\I,0,t$aty or four CeJllul'i'csJof rule by U.l~' g~t.I Seth Oil Avmdl'i. wllien Jilod
Ii),),

ltl:!.niI

JJ. in

Lh'

ceeuered some LIme, tmfon: he came '~o lite l!l'lr~JiII!L TIle ftllH ee;nllUtlCli. fiUiqUo- yJl~. dl~l[l,.yin fS5UU.lg.lill! srele.'ldovetail n01l1Jy with lWO O'f d1~bn~Ii~HI i'efe~n~~.'1 LQIJh~ 1en~d~0( tlfe soj~urn-fml eUnLlUrl~ Ilnd four h: 1]dNd ~u:nl min ycrus-an tlloi... plu.'4 th· rael Qun Riilrn~ ItS· ii ~u:: only

PbIll11l:Dnicname
6<.l6]

we i~lI in 'llie P qhmm.;;h, I ~ pto idee! trr,di ubiy qpti,oJl'lJ or' IifjpporlCRI of .I.be RlI~ lu:~.o·ka:m'sc ...... l thoory. It i eerW

.1"

l~irtly true tlmt Ih (h~ mune

a am

mem0iIY of the 1sraelifels

hQtJll

\l\Io'!Jld nOil hu~ jn.s.isred on stcl'~

cos wll

U"liin'!, ~1,IKll:1.

btU tlle four b.lJll:iJn~tl l~:r y

Il1l1ij~st')' ,€el,ebrn~ed dm fe.ruiL of ll'I(i! lH.Iu!, in lh~ [him mnD1i!1l of l:fuc llinn !'>CtlJ

II. d '1 16;

WhlllD

itJi

m~eS1}'

sallied Ihe~oo ill the. Royal burg~

I-\WI!

~In for "r'L I~ qJJfl\':;:n:, lh:lI~tJw "f." 'WI:\!I'~~'dlWrel!t1'II1lr:lnwJJ~n'llhl: tllr: dty "'" ~dw (" h!.LLlh!1I~. Ihil OmJ;uID ,pll~~IIQgIllt. JI;lC)ra fiITJll(!d ~hLLnl'l~ W~ nloo ~hl!o ~'rpl C ell)' IlU!n'M,,"t'I !5'CkDr Silt, "~(1'PinIlI.lI~ I· T!:lU,, ,bit Slrr'llh n'lii" KaiJl.mlih. 1'1'11: nll.lIfI~ I ."e' it)"u th lihW '01 tJiII: lit:llHTWlILl. WWi n:.ud,,~S!:I;r Zie1li!. U;wewcliO m 1\.'ItUl tbc.I.ull Illmll hI Atnl~t'ihrn!!p m s·Cnmb. u.dl1g !11i!! 1I J,'I~ tl Iii .. CViit11J JX.ri~ i~ ~~'IIiIc\ ~''ld,l~ III "I I 1111111i:nm I,I! i'l lud.:uJ'in hlllm r:ndJri~f1 ,md"lh ~I:W~'t.1ill1Il1uU.
11\"'lltr:.~pl).~l~
i"

shauJd 00 iu:rerpre~ed in a &ffe.r;ent w~y fro:m llle eun~-enrlomlJ_!!111e. Wlmt tlMl.,e...~ clear iiH~nt. in I'£\e-I}tio:llm~ 1t:ffll,~, the bil;11i~1Ii1rUrrlilL<'l1L is rUi'll d~pan:~g fmm trnlllQ.nnuil PI~tjl.'>J:lIlIl[,j_U!S1l11g f;1~'_~fa.~b·!i, mJ,[n:e~he is, ~fe:l'~ ring ito ,111e'~ritidduri"gI'~ ~i1'""f'RQrcn.Tl.hi.':~ \vb,el'll~~s U' .gl,1lf:i~l ~~arn~~~ FU'the:t.l'lls'a !1i~.w R~f.1;1te:s~and lII'~fttth.cr.Seri. Wl:'~~ milyom Md
it ~hll~ of A ;;r~s:, The 's!.i:1lereitds: ··Uv.e
~]1'i[e

I1I1IZ

Horus, Nfighty Bull. %.lifu.obovC's "frutll

n~:,Qm~!1!s 0',,, . , Hb_rm~jt:lly~mQfldt:d' 0

'Lh~ m~g

[l,r <l1.~M snde,o:f

b!!l,~rilig t!lt! i'!im:~G' hif"f,t\thelrYi, in QrdC11'O sa '~l'I' dw mitnl'l ef Ime: f~_tJIlC!'i hits Ibtller.<; ~tl1e (l:ooSclh) (nJIld ofl rt!'i~ Khlg Mel'lmnl!! ~R.e. m:Lle 'of S'Q-n er R~: Seti Mlrm~l?,l:nn. ellMMtmgH1ld uimdill,g fDr ,~et lik REi'r:l\!e:1} dJ;!y. Y.ear-4,Cfft 4~h mOJliith cif the third :I1em~;an, -d:JiY4. of the' fGiJ:I!l' U~p3'1:

Gr

;OJ1cl Luw~rEmt:
l1l,I,!::..IOnlbj'lCi. No,\\, 'Uiere
ilWt1C

b.1;l]t1\'~

S~f.!I-lhe--ltm~l~",.sl"@'l1g[h~:he',Son !j]'f.R~~~is,beln,ve.dl: .. 1 I '~)f' R~-H~~'Ii., s.:o\ lllal Jill! ~~~ tblrell~ aL'Id(~",e-r:.

the .B~'ro:r:.!PrimC'~ MajftJ~of Ulle Cilll~l'ld V~i~ .. 1::"l1Iil-B~l Qll. ~lmJtitlhL Hlmtt0f the Klti.g, Tj".o\i~'C:",m.l~~I.ld~"r(J~-ersmr oJ lPcrmi{!:lt11 ·c.oulltrrre.>i" OVerStll'l1lf of the: T-'mt~ _OIF z."tm, [,'hi~f uf l~'(lrl,iC'e.

Tho btiQk ''SIGril uh..'IrlH1\'r,:..·· lI~Cll;,r.t!RtI bS' lfl!Il'l~Nlll;'iih: ~ltlJ[~I"'J!~M~!.I~ c 1hr:tI·Jed :~lrnJI')b_lln'PY~ h~ f:l:i'i1 ~'bi~litl-on,!J rthl!' bilbU~u1I-1ir~ dfl~,,'i.lflriil' o Eur~~ ~(!11' rltJJ.ll<J; OJJ'tort>MI~,\'('I~m Sc~i ~ !;'>'ilhh l~ ~R 'I";-~~l!'
~'~~11~~l!IfIfllt.1e Jln

R,~ S«ibe, MoSier of: ri_Qmrse;.Cond~or Dlf !tile ]3&'IlSit Qf ~ltIe~ ltam-l.hcl.N~, o,f M~~" lIi~l1lP~1 fir Sl~thiUld 'Ov,~rsOO.l"(I·f'the Pi::opl1(';l~(I'f All
11,lte Gods ~Sl'!tl.. !:h,ei Iii Ll'1iJI l~rm!; th:_1!so:" of Ul,' 1'I~OOi~w,~pri mite ,f,R.80i(es" p Vi,l,J:jo, .latar ~~nm(!' Raros~<;i I), N1aygr 0:1' lbe: C1t¥ ,aM V'i~Cll, 'fr~rI!l' Gt)jn:~!;t. O'\'i'e~~ of f~ig:n O"mrmus, Ov-e.r:seer of me- Fonreas (Jf

Fro.mI Ilb~ "t.I'fJ,p:le

or 1,\ ]-)~·dli.lS."iliJiu; Cuim,.~ ~Wi.i'II!~)1

~~l~'.(\nnB ~~:~rhe ellJlilc0lJJ~]I~'

fi r 111~itl~J.!_1!lIWcillm"" ,
-

z.'1lnJ~'Royal'

.$C!itb.e.ru1d M'as-t~ Qf J4~{S~h-Rn.nses-. tht: tn':umphtwL, the .. d~ild of'l:he tadiy {If dl"" HOIst ....••

R1tmrli~ 1 w&<o~~$~ okl wl'!!:1;}11 he as,-~.clOO t(l, d~1: Ul·F'{)fl f:"~ fci'umder nf Ute ffil1el.eenll~ D.¥",~L),uplilllill! f'Llled (OF Dfll)' 1",COlllp'te or ye~ before being. SLieOfiood by I1Js 5il!'l ,ID' S~d L He 'mUSI me:mf'olle ht!.l!!I'e l:1ee_n myor n of AVM~for .d0Uig t!IDe. allFl1!'1ru II ilIso ~~Pi'..od -a:!l m-a~or0-f Av.aJilswhen hc'wus U _Cfe'WQ [lt~u~~aud Wij!t pwbl1b;y '1)r.1t!~ in ih~ Ci[)'. [he 'in~:he;;,'ti~n:)i .a1"e: J~ulljl WiiRl<ill~'c''RWI1I!ll~~ Ifm1Y ~ wh.~ fuL"t~ lb.!! J~'fH.Iolliu-:, I'IJ' bui 1.1.1 .. til_ $"ore 'f.litie:s'il'l, O\c GQ;S:~Je,1'!I~~e,!J.·a..,·'weLliilS ,l'rebol1~ldjlf,tg, Zaru l~tol:U' wlil ieh, as! \1;1{: WWooUCI'. \!ll'llSnlJre.ady fJJt~lliim:se£.:, r-he delw. ,refi;idle.rro~ [~1It[!1S!~!I. ur [11.. 'in the 'v.c~ fitlJ11' year ()if bis migm-;rnnd. like [tome, rt C!l!Lnm:11 lluve heen b~J,Jt in u ~y.l1i\.-jU J1QW te1\lJIli ~, Llle $tm'tiog ~~iIDJ,of 'Wils !th~I~1er.

An

'File~ t· I'IIOI,_.tluggesHon 3I)ywb:ere

Lh:n Ithe

[.s,~~lh~si!v~r muv ·11

l~t!' ea"'~Cli!il

~fJ'jrn

th:.~ p!~~Qe whclr~

(b~y

firlVl

flcllUed. (1:(},.,I~~mIIj'f! :

(1-i.'IM

Aifo, Ih(iug'rir
wife

or.~re~h'llllJ!

II!)

be

Yu~·illtr.

11; rn1

1'I1~

n:WliI.iI'dJ,; (rom

M:~ mlli1L FUll ~lII •01\ n~~U'lHi I. 1"111.111,: u!h"".wr~e,mu

;'\~>illIl.lllll

nllgnl pIli":: dnO'K f '11;1 h~"'mb .,~ HqNmhl!b. ~ iUWil-mt 1'l~.I '. IllitJ!d us trliii.illml'ttlCf-ll\> i II I alltl f!.lll,t·'ll I uI1111J.htutlUll!.OOI1 t· 11,111:· Ill'"lifiilg. ~lr1?-m-f\ I~m S:ik1r.i111 t ~j/rl'l. C~IJm ,JI'MIII'.

rOl1lrld 011Me[l!lfl1~s.llmt

l-'lbn.'1'fIlIl"b 1ll(:I I::"riii,w,. b~b"!i\'. h tlibo'Jitd IIll:: &brnfl,-" TII1" ~UI~U11,1 II,ilii' liifr \'vll~ ml. On 'thv'11g1rlilt K.:1IT1~j~ plJ,rdlq: li!fJ. ,11,1 ,~gIlM ,~'i4'M)M'~!. .• 'n'i! M.~rmJltlflnm J1~W{I!ffl"I, ,II/ ;1.n.Ne~~ r~,,*;-jgh'l 'firm MU,~I"JH' ,

. ,lien. b III1~r ''11f!;!m:m Tl.l"t! lind

'\ 111'11.... ·It!tit
~IIII. PJ'W'l.1

41r

nil

'U,IIIII III I.

'''nl!o!Jq~ IiJ!Cp. <1iOrlor,!;fu~,u,nt\llli~ , II III '!l'n~'i:I''ll:ii]li:~uidJ~ !1\1'~C J'l.l't,1d W~

YIlOW,."-: 1'In~I' ~~
Ilj

K:Jtlmk. ~lih\"'< llilm. ~1U!Q.i!:M of :(0. Ph~Ii(I.Ij:'''oj,"''1t:ri,v'JI!'l

~i~

~Riluli'. flilurn.1

-1-

<l::! -

...."

:E-

~~
r1

..

'~
J'..

!o-

:0-

t,.liIw.m~cn, I'h wil~ cf~r1j'l~ ibR!~ f'lhclr mod

d,IIIIl/IHl:l'ii- -lfIk!mL\'I'IlltLm' b

~"""':''''~ "'..... t"'~..... I'IIoIIL·Y.I~S

HliIl~lIilgulll lin e IlL'l'mll JI~~

II!" !O-Itfi'$~ 1\~~.jLUbm.

1\'

.h:o ~[li.i'!'l~ ~"rIlDlkori Ina 11'~'OllJflll!rTIJI ftll6r' half lli! Anl!ll~nl\ilall!n,

1DUQ '19 be

11'illrrll:d

utan Ml~ll~ 1I!~1, :;:I" 'QII I'etIJlr - l'lIiP- Lim :'S'to :. rillum! jiti Jl , ~ItrueIii' rei IlnTli'ilfl,t 11UlUNt: iii ~e~ e,~.:
, 1'[laIDIl~

'!I,illll: ,"ctil'fi
N!1I)'~ltlirj

I'IIJ ~~ ]lQl1I (If QI:1i ,ruIl:if

in the! rMIOI .-IF III gmc,\!I'ily LIDr:LIf'JIlI.'d wIdn r~lid~, r ~khra'!.I't- i, Nc-feri'rii ;old weir ~~[er Mm 'bJli'm,.tLl<Lli..'iilJg.l!' A:tcL'l. L,Qn llW,t· from;i. priY,lm~'liO~11lil ,ill l'-elll:'l·}\~m.r~1 jlhll'/{} " C'Qirr) ~'!Stlll{",

l1ite wbpJe {:,jfy' of Ul~ii: ba.ni lnl1",m '[0 a remo[Ia regiuR whmc they \~l®lJJd mOLgi¥e:-Icfte.ntel:o"th~. Egyp~im,s ~OMeq~ef1l.t~ymld::ll:J lmiSe. OInly if tlu;: .. ul"J'ived In th OO:UDtr~' ~~'btm~ll:' 'liml 10- :Pf,)'W~l"!l\liI 'r Tn~t'l~.1I111; "'e.ner pan IG' our Inmdro-d miiles ,Q a)'. [)Of lbeil' pfcximirj' to tb-e Rpyal fl3_~di,}n€~ at the Um~ wJ,eJ.l Moses WU~ bam, !.Ws m' Kil1.1lpl~ Il ]lW~in;::d: it ~ta. i;ht:- kibg:;, nUL tllC 11raelltes, who moved. TIm I, ~~e;r rulers IIr ,111~Ei,gJ:J.t.e.entl'll [,)yrmsLY mt1d~'!heir l;:8IpHnllu: 'Qu~ cl,ldt~ms[cl'ld
o:f ThebesTilIl1inkhaml.1,n_, f -r in. ranee, sp!o:,l'IIl 111 :n gl~ hi H!'C al Mle:lf[[pbi~-am:Jd. {umny •. as we OSU\'OJ nh(i)'Y,e, the thSl. throe lcill,g: of lhe

Ni~~eteemb0YQa.~t.y, Rflltl~ I, Seti 1. amt lR~es C.1U~ Pj~Ruml>£;; .heir noro1e:m~5rd~I1Qe_ Utod

r.. ede Za.ru, rlow m

u!pn

of

~1l!l1Ju1MliUl1frrull

a 1lJJm(1[li;It1l1 ~r!llLlp 1111

~bJC'b ,.~

gtiJdAllIlJll

i=- ~JQl:mlllm. hnnd nn ii"

Th~olie' imr,iol1!ll1l'qu (!.'llfnlll"!'lmnj Ring' is:- How I(m~4id the lr:.'nJI~llte:!>' ~jolJrn ill Egyp[ bt.'!i(-fu\'w'l,;cntlitic;,i> r f ur sr:.neralioH ,,!,

~~

t\J T~tlllln_

Pilot I: All ,1~ldJllilt'.·\'"e,rL:-td.l'1w Mt'illJ/lrc.'fhul MIIA't'II,i, 0) An, /Ill'j, 1",11'1.

11l1~_" "ul.rll1.!d~mnlln , ':~'\\'~'lI-lht: ID.

a ~m1J.!11 urul ll~i:"~,

!l!l'li.,'~t.~MII~ Ctl'iTl'I' MII,~~11(j I

"(I L!mflIl)'~

Qf ·I'tl~,Il.nll.tih:om:un.

I1]Hdc'

I)f

'S'luccoM lID.ili PlIIDLOO wood. ~um'b. P/lm~: CainJ i"f/l~'~'I1'"

rum IIi

i:lujOllm

to!}

tJIJ,Ic.... wi 'wppo'_

iliese

WI

r~

cO-Min

'!In,Q~~l'O',jO~"!<\, crepa:I1(t¥. di

the

1J

. ('OUf. g&Iu:~,liol!l!:ii' ml;ll

t lembft~
ij;,

'1 Iml; and IL Mter1l1!.lh'o-

lelJ

b,a

IJ

ptlnQ.d

,of' '1iU,(lf1!

I1tUllfu'LIl
til

t:urodrilld

[n w'ldem,~;ln

h.ete" 'lhl~ term ripr'

as tile duranon of Uf'e:w) 'c~. M

,EI, ~fi:11tllfaJ

rule, WR." RUoiled

mun ~I;r

dl d~l~lll. More N_~e8tl~; K. A. [(ilt;:llM of Lh" rpool Uni\'tm.i[y trie{ to use: the L!iiri:clC!ilce rtf the ,Ugaritic ultlllil;lt fbllnd, lft :rnor1:i1em Sy.rks,eMky Lbis,I,!\}l1liJry to -h'e diffmtml m~n.ing to Ilhe H~IbJ;'U","urd t/Qr. '0., bm~u;lJlni 11lI1d, &bat'Ills de8lCendm'lS \ lU re-enter 'Qul,iH!.li mn ·,tlI;;' fourib gBOl>ml'il'l!i'l,"·· '~e

ar!m~-d in his bOQJcTile- A.JI'c.iCl~i'D:ritrm and till' OJ I, TtIGfaIliC;i:L "'The si1l'lI"I~\'~ e 'pIWl.tl1,ioJi\ l!) tll~' llJe fcur

du,.

cerresp ed

[01

Frmr bombed
l

Tl1e. ca:ll.uadierory m:X:,0'1111[9..gi\'e:1l jim the 'OEd 'Te:i>lamtmt led schllJ~~ lmo
ll:cepling the

belli the r ngth

,ot','timL! Un~rl!iJTl9:C liT!!s $('lrull il'l, 18[!.')'pl are ene tllf ,the rea.oron, th III ha~ rlii'iS,

1),1{'

perioo ,1lS the ri, ht lime r

,relrb, bel '~1:lI i8¢m~:m.t1t'1f!~'lin ~h!!ItUn:Jeni ~$&. 11115, fS- 'sugg-et'\ ted, net by a mere wiSl . or hatiJiun:j.~ti(·~n" 11m by per Or clear t:\,fidem;::e lii;om UgaritiQ ami' early As:ynao tJur-tc. Gmtdn,.or (1rln~ean meaD a "PWI' iT ·cycJIt ,~fL"in'l • of eliltl:ry years,er roor~."II'

Josepl "s ,appeam.uce in tile oiiJlmtry. The relevan'lle:!\~ are:

.... Kn:.ljljofn'
lll'~ty 1~~l

Thi argu1II11l111 quite um.;ound fur a varicny ,or ~asOD Fior exami pl~'., lll:lec I'luibr~w erse dicll t~l1["ay. a Dr. 'K:ilchen djd U'!;lli' Abmliuuu's
til

~y ~

'.11.. -I be ~ Sitnli'l~r in

I'and

l.hIJ'l

Id~e

I1dM'lS

11:1reente

"~ana~ in

llhl:.·

o'mh frffJlV: the (mllsl-rioJill irs:

.is n,ol 1.11 iLlId .huU "c;rVe t~u:nl: anclllfw)' &boU uInH:1 W "U flJ!.u· us, I ullilll:oY ~!4'Ud. , • ,8ilI.iJnlilir: ruurll'll ,glM,ll:mt~on It,~y shull om hil.her
i'I~llln. E'~Mis

"A~d !.b.D fOlfrLh f(ltlr)

retufDI

t.he}' hero," 1I il'l lIJiIilrefON' h l~ UILb d~r"

t5d 3~.16)
i!lI'IlIell in EgYPL

tbat is t.besubjact of tb~ ver.b_In rb.b: ell: 1.':, t/fJ.r Clim 'oE':ll~ m,elll'l ·'§tl'n"m1I'j,on:' w,ltidl~i-l] fillCl is uJ Q con Inned by tbe'g:ntiLic [tx(S-l ,~l1ic:ll Dr. Kill!,icl1

Nu\~ 111':l4Jjoumitl_!!, uf ill,U' t1l111dl'i~tl, I' i:Nm.!Jt wh

was·faw hU.l"lil~d nnd liIirt¥ yem.:(ExOOllS 12..-40)

I1!tt'rs} TheN ~~ fUJI one W;;_ntUp;I.e: in tbem, 0'1" il(ii Hel:n1ew or At. trIM lexl,'" wllere the: w-oro dClr was u !;Ill! ,t'll'me-an ~ htlndred~yei1r cycle. but [f, ,as Or. Kitchen l'n, 'lilkS. th wQ«I d r in !LId case 'rB~3rn !II

Tu tutll

Abi81hwn WtI;!;, WlJ!l]cd would i.lw!&ll ~I~iii famgn Jand '(Ii ,fJ.rb~· i~;,>t ...hq_ntl n
tid B 00l dre~-I'l
,~ontlrmfl

m the ~!!;_lU;Q;liR!e.t,ww,
w:is-

Iilt~1 tOW;

ms dO!!l'enLiulDL!i
bUl1dlied ears

span or c.y.,de·0.f lim.e

of-eighty

)'~act/ll r o

mere,

how moob

Il!tllt:2 C~uld it

tl~\lfe b, st l11l1!'hal thee ojou'm flf the c!1il'1.0;(1)

r J~rael Wa!i s ludoSJuuun ~'h'tm"W~ ,a,r'b.~~lJWtSJutH'lJ (lhir.r), ye,R[5 and

says
W'f

g ,'rori-IB u~llect 'jed, unUmited length 'of thne so L11ID: four hundred I'!'1Lg~~e jfJ. ~ 'p'IU£ ~)iI'le'! HOW'C'V¢f. U:i:e- basic ,ubJt;:.Ciliow hJ Dr. Kirr-:heri"'s b lJ .. ~ if;. IJ lliU [J,e' ~ Ml .ec1-ll It) realm mal whell lillI! ward 'qQ,,- hi

"Cl~
C~

Four I'UlI1dlll;lO years),. On [h~', tl~er h'l1nd. Clllne&i5,

\'Gsllwln\' h"1lil ~I.'!nrury ago,

tood tke Fourth :g~nd'!;ltiol1 return

th~11

ret -, 01\1,[hap ~l

d 11" rub/;'"

used to mean 1i :cy~leof time it blli~ tho sense /, a "turn," in \, hich

il'l hi' ,hnnk Hh"t()riMI ami Cri.ffcol n~Jl'.UHrJfn' 011 rlw mil Te.vn:l1lwnr. tile bibl~t:al ~~holar M. M'. KaJi:icbl bie\& lit) exphiin lhl W5upeuas eae 'IlUl1dmd and
U\lel1lity fMS:

[t~~ lell,!:llb or a !cil1g,l~ IDrl1 must be 81' !!I~ ,1lJ.t the_, tart. Thtis' h~ nOt the '(),~e in Oene.i!!o.
'I 1l11~Y )'i.~'I:rt> mJi)l1,'i(lIXil:d, -m £:tWUN do, !lilt C.DUHi I willflllJS '!JJI.'.Gfji: nl~ fmir II~m-liitcll~OOI'i' utill.od figlllfe J,llll"rtl~I~'~l i-~ ~l'lif,:-r.h~ w-,-huml.fI'lEi nJ thjrt'!' i.. IIII.H': flfl!'i::i.~ i]'ln:I'~5cP'I!',. hi \',['!W" 'I.h~ ~
, I,' Ilrill Mmllifll

Cl'epll!lleY by siI.,ylng d~al lllC n&e or IJI 'S~ g.elletad~nL~ .. as to be looked '","[l.e ! roortb generanon' aft'r til-

~(t1,ern:ellt of Ja. oil, in B~pt '1"1llSprnmised '10 be l~d buck hl Pa:Ic.."Itirnt'

m.'

}I 1111 l-I

- 'tm.'rtll

~ hat ~nfir.m.~ mat LIlc:bibliC'l:d wOIl'd dol' ib' : \i\ re

'm Bil • a, i~1\ r~

d 11" i~the L'onL1IU me F,emat'el:J~hfI!Ull~ ulll)f mu,r ge~,~rru:ioll" bCf\~1 Il'elbne nf (lileD~~l!n'L iBto, lBgypIl iu;nJ1l11.uubs:tqllimt &C1d~S'. In ILI:re-nSI~, o.,fJacob iL.nt1 his And the
de...~(;:6[lrumUiI

And M\~lies iii''''!: Gilead unta M d1J.fr. Il'il! Ion 'I:b~ dW!':lllhwUt. ( ,Llmor.mY 32: 40

of ,Mia;,nOJ-·dJ.

Dnd

who want down

to Egypt wec bflfVil:';

~n.~ 'Le'l'i:
(J

Genesl!> 46:,~

Ot-y.. b

n, Ko~,hQ'thIIDtiMiHllr~i •.•

As Mosl!i1 'IN~ Un:,grem~gMi~~,1l f Levi, Jose,p'h' ;e'ldl~ bd'lar. it is even lPossib~, lIla.Ljospph .... sill! wi'\~e tit tne tim,c whl.'9il l:Vt0s~ was b,OfQ" ~ Apan !icbohls~ie ill'gIl:rn~n ]nvolJ~, 00, 'QIl' w;ha i .

'fJurn.um
~etU'

fnmn-

lar ¥.lith lth~

,ijEld ,Middle fia:lIt '\'¥Indd iI1J1llmctiv.ely pre' ~r Jou gell-er e-

nfl,DIIlIS ~ fqur ,ee.~ru ries M 'tJ1e,tiJu~ . f ~ J5:n1el'iw.s~ SilJ,OIlJliI iII E,8.YIU- I~ ll:~ is po, ~1i:JIe.eNe'n [Ilday. ~ inNIto<tnt..~ [1'1 flrnn IB~Q~~uiMWh (;00 teill.!ou':ati~ abolJ'l I':h~irgreat~Jf.eIl,t·gcc:art:"'J:.t.reD~-grnndfa(bW" ~L11d n'o. Il·'!ww dare
.Amnli1!'S ",,{f~ 1iV~1!lJoeb-~-b~,

uvi..11 h \

Ara.d.!he name nF

il'lc ~h

er of

m hl:lf'1nthef
\.W5

,m:e

tu U'l-1. iri'EgypL ••. '(Nl.lm;ben. ..6~59)

in 'he

nr ,·o.Clll1iW Jloohe!bed
~OO:US:

lLefVi\~ dnu~ht01" is corn'fi~

Book of

~' I.b~if OWl\!' bir1fu. whioh th~ylt~~ 10 inv~~ !ftb:c!liIld ~h!!.yr~d ,~:'efll',~I,v,~ roqwnlll~ a '~JWrt.'fl A Ifew ~Ghol~ Hke yms H. Gar-don.. !:he AJHelic~ll bfu!lical ud Eg),liIfilt1n flchoinr 'W,hb tnUl~h~ ,¢d the liJgmtic teK[!). H. H. &owley find B'ol\i!ifman ha"~ ~I mt g~oo,i11la&l(!aLTeu~!O Ie cry '10 d:eclde the 1,l!I~lgth of
tlme.1'l:wt e'llIp8ed bcnv,em Jacob's Ilniva} it..'Egypt lin , I!h 'birth of.Mo~~ " and have ali ~ Ilotli:d d~a'lUte Oppl."e!iotl in 6~1 ilifJJloL,rnpresemeli In the B,ible as iillStil1g aqylilllllg Uk~ fuur. b.u:ndr0~ Oil:ld't:hhrty y~&'5~ 1:m'.mI.HJ,iatcly after Jo' ~pli'~deOlu,at the ell!! IUr tile' BPQ~ 0-' ;(Jenesis. we al'ei'll'cil [b.e, rnl) 'of ·'the .kill~'who ,In" w ~ t Jgli~pb~·nnd ill" b,il'ili of Moses at.U.l~ b~~iTming"ot' [be: Boo:ko Ex!il!dus:.How then did ~he biblie~J edifor. ¥,o,ri:\~
iI;rg
I!Jfi~

,he

iuuillh'l! suns r Ka..iIDOI I,w~~elA:nlimltl. and )l-:hM'.,aIl,dH . -hmn nd

lh.-l.l'~~ ...
'I'

Arm

mr.3fill'Ook hill':! .1!11ih.,e.~"d.1~11:'fa:thet·!i !;i~I'e:r~ UJ

ife~a!lllll.she l:!!ro:-e.biim Amon;tU.1:d Mo, ~ •.. U~li.ndUli' 5: lS, 2.0,

0bviGUslll.. tbi g_i:!ne.:u1o,£,y c..;M'JflOL I1nsslbly .dd up fo ffltrr hun re(~ 'Rfld thirty )'ean;,. 1111facL 1'111.:' t¢n~l!a,ltl'gJof ~Ii! P'enW,.,J1Cll hi ConitI.MlI)I ilil dj'ugJioomenl. \\,U.h an I ruclite ojlwrn ofmore II1mn (. ur ,cefl'nl!ries. T\\!o ~fM~' '(ousillm. ~'o,,,,l!X,am:pl~ •.m.akeilii}'ir flppfeamnC'e in lila story o'hhe
j

~.QlLl1C,time.

betw.eG:Il,'tbe fifth find' tiJ:nrd c.:e~lUlnes,.0•.4 mTIlIc allhe

6g-

E:todus-

iliZilpha:fll.tile un of lJuM,

8Jl~

KQral'ii.~he' SUIl iI.1:f lzhar:

I>

lof fllur l11IJlltired ·'mld ~'1limr :years? 11 ' ems 10 mt:,:~ha all (S !he resuh 'Of three 111llltben, l!!l](lai' ca'lCli.I'I':l'I108 ' OQ l1Iis~nrt.P1ts~~r; \ l'w ',ln~,~ml!"[1iJum u) for help. he ,dd~g, !lIp the ages, t
C{~rlhe rom ~~m.ttioM
tIS

Anti
i11!:<Si

me
~k

'Ib~lyure'gLVCI1 ill the 'Old Teslmtlt:iIU.

hi~ bfllb~ l\IJUlr..'! ~ itll\! fall.,,rem Q

filmines

tn

ILbe Ko-IUlh-

hall be

s-U-m,pb.an. 'the ~

U1-fi"eL i(Num'bem 3:30)

!.lB·of 'Ko-hllilb. 'Ill!.: ~I:II~ Levi Qr

h.~!.ii
K~I1!.!,fh
Am atn MC!lse.'i

n7
IJ,3

thod!.! . 6.~],6)
(- ~~~~~8,)

, ow Kc.:l1::-4lI'l, LhenJil

~fb.-har. Ehe
rOSI! ,IUp

]3'7
12U

(px:udu. ' 6:10 (Deuwwnomy 34,:

I

•..

men, And 'ihq

bilIfIilWMop,e,

wi:t'l'1

rutin of

Lnl!

cni]dren

n;fJ.s'mel. (Nu.mbru~ 1f:i:1, 2)

Anoruer eXOD1ple" MIlki:I" the ~d~(ll1

,o,f'lQ:;eph

rom M:rml, who

1I~lUll Whl'lI

1-!'I.li!TiIIJ'mUt!l a(j:'~1'11'11 lgi'Ql.! W;dI4~) )'1:111\. < ..A:l1d I he

Ill!:' Il!tIgth mthe. rm:j

Ihtlij:ljfflllll,

I .~~~

M1jollm in HgyJltt

whiG ,j "~id
J'IlS~lIa

'10I'I~ ve

l:n:v~ntt11'VCn rll,'cn.:Iy
Cma
,I)::

III

rb~ 11m • of I h e Exod

ill~,rmn \I

·1:J~Ugllm:lliYoIlid ffnm .Ron.m.r.ooltI 8lJtec!!:h. l'!,Y(!lI'turl:~

"

'I '~" tlUtlf I.iIUmfi~

intp e,-yll. llil&T~r1l~h[ If..

Il~

!l!nU {eJ " yell", IhJ;l~d men,

latCll' ool'q1:l~

whh!.ll~ , lind oQlindl:tln."--.s:If.r.~(jl;Wl>V

1m"', 'hr' '''rI:tmlld,

1;I".nIS!nfel\l bj' H. Pl'Jl'llI1oJ

~l~ galle him

ll\IlliI)

t!

,fotal' of Il"',~ h:ul'u1j'~iUm,d

~:w~.l1ty~5i;,."Vl!in jleats.

H~ 'W:stn

,l'Icl~.Jad t~llellifli,Lj\r'r~Hjge"ullh~ tm~~'!Jflhe @~ ..~L Wbl~b Ilw '[!jj!edaroi~ :at CI~<il!!.W~'l,_ {md tite: fOily )feats [hill: lVtttseil Hved ~fttt ~l'iie B.-i<oous,. Tfll!; p~'I1id~d !"lsI:mol'u'I ttmd ~r'nine:ft~'e!llen'ye'~r:.l>, ltlli!l Ijll'me that

b'y J'C!s\:!ph'Jj own MIn, :Aye:: TIleD ~ Eigh.~eom:ub, [;1·ytJi3$.ty .• the ,Iking \~.okll'law

H[)'rtmll:lJh.Ih.~ ,~~l
mOrl

mlsro.f tile

J~~~h~'" -W:~"I~llme(jJ .agnf:n~i

:Lmr! an.di M'lJ~!li I~v@d !Z1UlSi(!e,of Egypt, SUbllll:lcCtin:g tl1~5CCQnd, 'omJ frmn ~ Itlf$l 'hffll1hQ , lilt iJ! nfl:!lI tigllJ'e of [Qilt h~l,1dred ;m~ '~iFl)' )l1.liU's. 1:r Ultrebrne.H I:e ~juu rn h11 -Eg:yPl iaS!t.l'd only f'O:ur ,!?je ncr!liti qnl:&. Bb~lJt a cilirwury, ,jl,~ lhe evidMce ~fnS W ITle: cllMrW to,il'tidlcr.Ii!. Bnd we. gn ba:ck :iii. OOiJllttr'} f(lt no Ex,l!ld:u..s n~ lliiil., li'rIln of me, Nm~:Wen:lli DynillilY 1(,(;.1106,

.~ Iismeli~es;, i)IiHt:b~m It'! the' ,h!;lrgl1 w.ork:,(lf build:h'a~ the Si!"W"e'chits: Qf PiiJilom aM RI-,R:a'1:11&'tS, il'l~l'~ QOS.hilll\tre;gio.Q 'ullIidW't1~cfrltl!yurn 1i~~1,of
It'd.l'IIAGS I!l!ltl Wil'l.~(}lll, 'selli. ro~UJ~tJ-zw.u
pri:SJ)~l ood

1(' ~ls;f!l'!mler"IJ'QsitiiQ[i
(fB.

al the elm[

(I

(-feut btil~rite

~:::

mi~Li,OOlii!l

Em 0'nt ,. ,;/!!J.,.'fl"" the

'fti:r~ss nromritetID dle 1:" Df,

iI!1
E.I.
Cj.~_

HN:lidu!i.

ll;!I!lit've .iJuJ; tibia RCtU1l:!ly roa'li: pfac{qliJring

f~:IUmwlllg_bn'~f

rcig~ of Rnn'iS-es L
M)1 m;g~m~l'iL fl)T ~lilS cl~onol'fJ,tJ;~t i... ,/iUppMe'd .liiy ~le: .;Jgrelalm.emc at 'bc;:l!IRblbJJJcahl'ruJ. hi.slnriGalevj de1I~' OflJIl:1C "j1;)11!:gl.lll'l\f' th~retg'n ,of tbe: Jdn~ a:f lheENOIhl~. -Th~'d:0011lur tlhi~op,p~!'Ior Iililg is rql~n!J:[]I as fo~lmwS~ A~1d lI.l::.ame Ictpalk'\ in Jm1U'5'S Qftimc,i 11m lll~k'i'ng @rBg.y:p!,dicil; U(;lll he lililritl!:l:n;l1l I~f 15Ill,lDI ~~~~n~d ~rild't:r'llhe bl'Jlldo&~ _ • • (EN.o!.1lns.'2:23)

a.c-l.

'W~ <!ffi\l);: otl

ap,ppirt'le:d tI'I.e ~O:~1

"tu,a

~.~:(ooO!iiils,IY (c,l U-J4-OS 1),,1:'.), ,~'fhQ' (IS liis vi7.i~I'. I 'wiil] 'nfllW !'OlJmJifIliI'M1-' Whi~t m'b~liev.'e: tCi be: tbe lim!;
uj,r

Abtbm, am.ll

!:~.ue.n¢C: n·f I:!'WflI§, u1ude,lJIeir ~flUhtl:ul!'me')I down to ~p~l j

Sa

uillle UHifj.

mt!lre 1Jf!m: n "'~IlUlEy ttCt!!f" Ilhe lend of tlw l:I:1klinrs role, i\\\rffiren Thli'lI.fi'O~ m (e. 149,O:,_~':lb· B:<:i.). tlJte: si 'In~ kil1Y: .of. the 15i.ghteef:ltl'iiDy f:ta.~f!y.w.as; 0111 the ·

,(:md,:rud:1l!imd I~w:;i.. !.he. ~onl oornl '1)0 h:l:'lr bLnt.~ 11lk: iJlOriphl ha~ reu.tmt:d II,') ~au;.OIllI lill;: (:le<i:Ulof l$ru:I~.,"~e Il:lder Of his twin SQn~. E51iu. seidl Jlis b;i:rt.trris,.lltit-,U,-t ti~l~,il£ a plihGe' of E.!l:tpl~I1~,rll' [0 r.OO·YOUflge:r ene, JRC'ob, fMm' !,\i'1!~1TIit ,i:l:lsttl to Ms lhmnu. I~ ~ -..
. ." .

he WI~D:III liI!rl~u S~ .

au Ul~ ~m:~1'Ii d~ud whi~11 ~mll:~t thy life.. fa~ocllJ~~ ",9) are
It

t\ Hd

LQ_~U!laid !lI.n-up MOl\i,M in. Ml cl-jUlllJ. Oa,

i'E1j[1rn.

into

Erup I!

fur

sen,

losepli

n~

'fufhmo!lis

'IV (c" 1,4!13:... ~·,4:0S: »;c.).

th~

cl,~hlll:J

k:inll 'Of

is' nFter thiS d:ilm Mnses

:starts hls

mi:s!{,iuH
I

~(Jl

Ie-ad ~hi!' 1!5!1li:~te..q

• __ _ _

{Jlut

._

DF

~le mg~leem:h D)'inWl.ty. i.n ~kl~ce.~t

'll[~ a.ndTIlljn:~,()ffll.he. pre--

ElDpl:
C~mena.y,1 l.5meJ Clll!

I;li~' aft.3-~~n ~~. NUe 10 ~I:I:lIm~~-Wr~~ ~fJ in II~e pmn"ifl~ 'Ia Ahmh:;tm .1.11 l~jB;i.~!ild,whq appt'tjlrl'liMI Jru:~fIl1i as bi~ wzi.a!!t ~ftar ,h;~ .1Mtl / l'Jt~1iIi :.;SDld inllt, ~I vayiil~l amI lmd !1.I'Dc~~iWly ifll~wJ;ed: ,llirt k!hlj's clreams. n.t! km~hndted J(ls~ph':::rfllmily. to ~~ttleo ili'l :t;g_YI1II: nd a ofrtred

~erefllro (<J:l:)d~t:lls M08C.'i.),

B~pt (&001)183:1'0)

Md

Pbtlitl4loll. Ulilil LbQU Im~\~1

Il)r

lillling rOf~h IllI'Il' I'COpre'

J "'YiH s~~/!I: I±l.~i:unro 1'00 l~hil_d~e:n'of

the'ro Ilnnd' m l1,osh~n if!

m(')i.~iSl!eoTIII

de~in.remas

Lm.m the

COlin,.

~ fi:il!"(~et" r~;ili!1"! which, ~, .. Jil:PIG:w-diTI~1\ iJil[~l" w.~·1l~~Jj:ly HSe4 to ~ has "an in'l111rra,t110,lni ~y PIiIe~lti.njans glud to, fitEd ~fugc' in ',j! mvtc pcateluJ illnd r~1ilj~envjmnme:n'l:' JOSe.ph
AmemoteplU, the
!It::tl

This' P~:ofl
kill~ an.d"if
'',!,{C

ml.Ull' be

mtJ en~ who foUow,!'ld

I~e dtHUll

of IJleQPp~61l:M'

:111mdM~

'Wife

.~~tlill'Y~~

to

OO~\i':e
llIiUd.

au¢~plilhill Hel'tm'h;!!b W~ thtti Q]li'p~:!IQ'r, 'trrJenew ~k~ng: ,Call o!lllly b~ I~.j!rlilln:.~. II wlir; i:ffills, L k-ilfl,!l! ,,1\('I~nM:~~,met
. • M.o_s~ ulDd-Aa:n!lmJ mm. in. !1U:Idold 'barnoi'i. "rlH!!," S;2Iiih d,;ldAI:'~ t 'OadiloF Isl'Ultl~,Lei: my peQP1~go .. 'lE~odlus S~])
/\C't:.ul'diJl£ Ie the: lUble. "~p~~ Pournao,(ie.:IUlI1illlhree W!lS r0'lJ]i~t:ore ye~lr~ QJd, Wltl

PlmmoI1, \\!b~ bl'lOb vru:h )!Ig~;P!i1t_nl1iWIl1iOiJl

he nV<l1'rl@d. !d.S[~T.inst~ad dr- ma.:!dng mw,rhis qll,e~. martred b~i'l Wl~' gl'lve :lhe, IiitJe to IQ$1'pll' s dall,gh~lf~ Tiyof:. lie ul~og:ave l1ei lhe rQrJ;ress o.fZnro. the: ~i1lmi11l:T "'~~E&pjllhl: Hll[..~fIS. dI'J1ntnmlir!g' ,ID!e,]and of Q05h~'I1 A where MIi' l~Q]jlean~t@~~~re a:lIowed ,[G ~euIle, ~"'~ner C!\lJfl, lHly.
.... " • I

~lih~b

A~n

WM

Th~~Q,rTtye'B' dest\~ro:kuJts:-Am~nrbo!l(lp'
~<lud TlI!nI1l"'ha._fl1'1iI!~""-.foUo.w~d orii.lhe:LnJllHIt.

rv (Akl:Tooell),

Semo nk.l1kart:
II

Y:ea1l'5 otiJd. w~gn Ilier ~~e Wlllri'~h~~ofu.'· (&t!du8

to b~-51.1I:.'Qedt'd m [hlo:il ~IJI

7:1 111ie !00'w,li;iJng I"'ii!'fu~cd ~u .9116\\, tht' [sr.telites ID Il:uVIA, und d'l,Q-:C'~l~ ~llwcd ,U !il"ri~""of Ijm.U'lstnJph~~s hi€h. by Il'Ie'K Mtill[~. mUst hnYc ta~ell w

~i::rl.lL· s~a:l!QnIG

QI.t(lUr" 'Th~l1

P.lllUilu!iI ~gr¢lold Eg' leI 'th~m80.i1jI1d

'Ithey

sh'hr~

~.heifljrJ!lin~Y ftl!l~ tIle C1lY uf R.run&l'4~"--~E::<oolUi 12:37), Ine..!'ia.tIT'lte -it)': or 'RamsCs t The.y wc:t'C':PW!}iyoo.. bjl ~blif".aQh wbu _as' C\'CIlILl!.iallliy If 1!i'.l'lt: Uiib, t1ID bibHcal ac
OIJl:Uhere lO

lilr-owlietJ lrlll:lc' 8t.1I ClkQd1!J 14aSl.

be
~Ci

12'

wrote. ihe

n611kio8

Ita, 'd.Uu.'! _
c-all'l1ii.
tilJlce,

'(lITe

me_end.

0'

Ijsecgnd
LO I~e ~l~

Y;eru"

0:0

'Jle tilf,pne. From hj l'iMiROO1!lC;.'i

""F

must

Doppelganger
-

-we 'k.l1nw,thi~

~liIse in r~!ipt.""c:1 ,of

I:.

lrUr~ bibJi ....IiJI J'~~'bt ~d lhe hi t{lrio.al Yu.ya:Qn:.-LI1!!' 'Blne ~I:m, il ntll't , pos_sjbhHo Ht l'heuLintcJ, 111'='~'c:hroif 1!:I.gy, I Vol. '~ s,u:gg~sf£d il) an eMI'ier etmptelr t1im:. Oil mt: e\li(!lolnc~ .i-I'!Iaihmro.YIJ)'liI mH!i'I oo,¥e boon bern bCh,v,~I1!,14 3/2. rurld 143~/l'8 D•• nnd died 'some time hcr.\\'el<lfi LQ3J2 and 13~9ns II.•• Although w~ dQtnot, a."l:;ij' rule, a~e:pl; bibullru t'i ures .Eli.tl'ld 3!e~ wimIJUL ,(;lOI1'OIi!tm!t~,v'e ~vld.l"~ce, lhe ng "of lhkll' ~hb!l.me Sible gi\l~ 10 JMeph .'U I.b urn'" ot hi •.appuinlUlli!.~., \i'ilriCI' SrelnS ~~Ml.'lIe. OIlS ud.iFl£;lot9 i:.l.CCOWIII ine fllcu.hal he w - old inlQ El:J)lPl, mVtWI fOlro Ijm~ l in Poldphifl.r':i hense af)ltl wu."i till I\lri'oo~ fDr !iml1~'Jenr-s. rr we ace 'pt L1i'sgc a®urate ood if TuOl:nm. i;I!I\t (c..!41· -,140- B.~, ,\va. th"Pbaraob who Irul.dchim hi' \'i~illlt ..wt~ive ~na'~irLh (I;U~u I #3 III l·3's',~ .. ~ [cav~n Spml ()'~' trQJII f- ny~i, ~Q flftJ-f~llr )It:.lu':i. betwccn the emrt'~l ye!lJ' !.hal Tu1hJm!si. m ~ht) 'i U. iIIIr d)f. a m1litiH:a adult lX'cupyilil!~pdesTWy Il,)m~ whellll he eame 10 tlTet_hwoo., Icould li:!a\!t>[~U1.tned:JI<O!lc. and the binh of. JQ5:"ph. 11110 tlume. eW'S fi l:mv'l! to 'make allowanee or r~itC gmwiDfJ IlI.p~ fathering &:;l:U and J~ob wb(l,,, i;!> hi \tml!. bad hm '!1d sons and 'u dili,ugjUer lly three difi'{frf.m wi~s.ljUlf(lre ] :i,.e:P~ Wali born. 'Jibe po~ble ,pan b ndequme 1.1: LhG!iU 1!!jI ms If! an, ~n( when people II':narri.eCl Md became p.."trents"al, an tuml), !1!e. PID'example, Lhe fi 'l 0 lhf)tl~ee'n
P:hm'IlQlNi .of tl& HiJh~'§lnm Dynasty. .. a!1a,d'l~ II~~ H~rmlblAl. ·.. U3!; B•• ~ a 1,l'1w11r iW() l1un~cl CUldforty rs, If we r.m~,awa, balm fi,I~l!il11;:lp',. wllU ,~I~, lC}gcl'hlllr whl! her S!i"put,
J~l.!

Abm:osis.

aEUl'N!

to the tImi'(me .".U'1:'!i

... fl. Tud~tnrn ~

rh uver

is: m. an' Swnl!nkhkai'e. who w. s Gl,HCjl;nt with Aklie,oobm, i olllYW011l1ty e.'J .Then is al (} '\,iden:t diml LIM!) mwrie!l

whellll

!~~p.l.iGEln1Jy YQ.U.Elg.p~rh~s .!ftUIHeen. 1f:Ie~llgc ,of fld'lLluhl(Qcl. Elt;W(jtS

c$.I!iU "1.- b~,y wbltl'J·lllte ~mge.if9f "he L,.QTa st~pped A~rt).balil·siJlllgncled ~~ rfit!e---··L::~y' ~,I'rt, fi.ine ban d llI_P,on, thl! boy"" fOefl~'i.i s 22:,1 ,~}--1tnl:il ,rtwre a.re k ,oollrilio,~~ Yiews ~b'I:U1 ,wt!l~thet t \\fOilSfu.ur ~lVer het 'h'U.'\b::md'~, in!entions i O.l jay '!Jon. l!!lIiILIlMIg. he .bad clrnn,g,'W' Jinls ~ Ihtrl brol!J,gllJ;~a.IiIO!l!t SM!ih' s
~~:alI1.

P.¥LleHldil!.f Q.~tl: !t i~d1~tc-s th~t the p'r~~l1::dililill'eu~1'S; to he ~d a,s' a 'me iri~m:(~ lI'Ia:JT!e.A:ltbiou:g;b ~nly J~j't ~ign~ :!.\!c;re..lt.'>ed.. ~be :folil,mdin was 'Il ,to', ~ll'Un:lo1i,!d"iI~~th,m III 1'h~'l~¥ "u:yiI"~ :lJumJ;l' ~oIJii '!i~l~lled. I.n ~llIj Lhe.reara
~el~IHl ~ipel~i'L'I'~* 'LV'(J.~

IFlcrwever.

wJJJ~ it

Cl~(Oft!ii'OO ;(S'il!llC":S Q,WQ nilUTj'a:ge

tli Reb'eka:l:ii.we

ilire h}I'd~ "And I$afll: hrought '!1eli"rntll hi!> m(uhu Sarnb:~ l~lil:l.'1m~ tooi:i; n~b,~~" i!u!td sl1~ I~H[fle: bi1'iwi.w~; ;;uI,I1he llJ1;I'~dher, ®cl I£:mc' wa'..'i (iO~nfOfliild tlfter his; mOlbcf"~· d:eaU!" (Oeii"~1~24r;{i'l)j It s ~n1lj]!J!~sibl:c ~~oo ~o' me Jives of Joseph Hind YlIfji,[)Ityji.lJbIH.nloo

'l'll) thr .s:tecl~-srnl.p(ilcl ~a[tu):py.'(Caif,o MUiS~!i!,mCititW~£liie No, S 1,00 I). Un!: :oo~lmIi.w~-sll ap,@.d :lHIIc>qpha:gl1!l' (5 LOOlI,• rlte mi.Hi'tll,!liy·.sh,:Ji~d ~~ffi'll If \'Vo,cd cov~~d wiw '!ii]WI' j!e.a;fJ:31 003. ( ~J.lc;l s second mL.lG;Jn~r=<~h,~,~, i(l:offifl C(),,~'d 'willi :g~h.l 1l;;':i:I(if

(5,HI()lJJ'.

h~ln,g stnJQ!k by the ml1u:'I;I:k:olJil~ number of sbruUuriu,e.'i b~twcep~hem.,

TH ElltRMAME$
The' o~b klltlWJl refCliftn,l{',e ~D , uy,~ before. the dit~ON~ry ofhistf!!ml1 ~ im di~ scamb iiSSII(3d bl)l' .i\I1~Gnhme'P m in l!eJebll~liItil1m ~is. moulage ,wO

or

VlUy,a"if>dl!ugl::!ter. 11.yt.>:. ,Mr,'!l~P~~ the ~king w~~mngcl,e¥e~lre. ~o kAiQIW I'h~ Inlm,l;i.!:(;If The ,'!!;'('Iman Iw h1!ldf ,matil~ his ~lI!'i,efl ll1J1il'llll1' t~e' e~!'rlJm!l ,(Iff ll:ii~ , ct,ltinlll}.'. Coplelt Wil'I'C ,:§i=nl ,10 r'0~lJ.l.gn pril1t.l;l.:i, mading in port "' ••• u,-~ Orlllal King'&+W'i,[tTIye" who Ih,.eth. The Ililtne of her falth~T'jSi luYa" the n3meof her Ino1lh~r lfr Tuya .. ,," lit WIU; I)"-Iy then tlnn tbe idefclUty of "]:«:' p~t~;OO'nflIlt: known: ~tier s~~ ~ad OOIm lll:m,u,ght hJ ~ ,iI M~~,QIp'{Ji~I!Ul.un prbux~'s ,['rtlm MtittUflfli. sl.ml h) Egypl b~ 1mI1l:lr' lbc (;jing'.
Oaty' rl1jUf.,letlrefli,
y,;~}':~~~ ,1'lJ'ime .om. the

.2. :r,l>' A vru-,iali~1Ion Cldffm l'fi[o,,51004;. ~ YH"o: OJl bmltis lIbal mrmttod a '~3ge' nI,DU1~d YU]I'H'!!i: mummy {S1"mOI (tlJ~ tJ~oo luJ!a~fi bO~~H51 041.5,11043,i:Uld!H(44). 4. [(l'-Y(.lI· On· lIU!y.a·fl:(.'iM~!]pic.lWx; r(~I,~m.2:lit:.~IhJ~,~Jtflb~i 1(Its nfld (S j'~GI2g....,S' 1 01.::t , ,an: UNh'libzf. hot (\S,] Ooil , hV,Q' o~hl,>,l1tila;<e,'), (,5 III ] j' uod ~lllt'l'. n~Hl:f (51 U2' lUl~La~hip\<;[,~t 5'i~33) .. 5. ,~. t1': QI51 Ihrec' 1J,£lui~l,~jS 'I'O:1J4.5 ~H2i(} ,!I,tJ,tl 5:tO!n.
,I<i Yl,~:

0'11 nn m~/~(j)1iJ~'1 (jlQS31, ibm: 'i/o Til" Ym {:In ltil r'is/~tJh'l ~~ (:51~l5~l~!J.lW: ffilt.lPyrus'li:onta:ining
,c~py tH' 'l'h,' BMak 1~/1f1.e IJtMtti (5lljfl91 ~~l't"rolitis name j,,! fi~Hed Ya-I'u.

aa~~"!i

'Ms

8,.
Q.

"tl7 )fa;

0n

(I

model, ,caffin ~51@54.).

wtre used '~y ~~ I>Cribes and ubjeur 111,h~ ~elrnht

file]"

~r&fi.·ll~l:nwt10 WI',oie

·~-A.N: O,l' t!.~o~et.<;.~f ft,YI' V,\iS:~01l smlul"l (;51 ftJ~,'and 5~'I n31~ 10, I"i."tll,' O!il. 3, li:rnm::S~<'I1(t ~J1r-dW:i'111 3, itu!lftafl. r.:'Ice ,(5 11106). ~ I. ~~u-y:On ,!mQrher ,Ctii\C'pj"C bo!lt 1(5' ~,~, 1:2.)0. The Q!lme-i& wri~len in ;!lU bll~t ~wo' ,c.aSoeS:;J:& two, ')lnHijl~rIJ on 111'l~ lid, 0' ail! u,~IJ'a.htlbo~ (aJIflQ ~1!!Jm.sid~ tllli.c''SaU~~ :syl ia:fu:le is ~p~Il,l£d":ili lIly,!) ,a:n.1:i Ya '\'111 a ooflin. RY'@1j' ~yU;lbl!! egin'!! ~vitl~ tetter "Y"," ~hi(!h b '~'1e: in' [bis t~ hil~s W be- reu~ fi, a oo,.nSG'~anl ~~~1U.~ ~11 Rmr['lUafi syIW'b]tt
!'.:[tfllmt

rp!hdne~ro. Ii~:U:1l A-

(Jlef
]r'tl

or .todl~

I' Ilone.:rrl.': ",~h:re A pMO:l}ue !,\'ruu~ y II'h0m~dc,v1lilue !iN

or Y

4Jl

start with "fI. llI'ow~L

TIt~ro \WlI~ '0. fifth· '~gb. C:l'lled a d~Il~rti!lina.l.lve.. I'hilt h~l..<; 'phonelic f:It'I '\1.:!llue arod IS, 1m0rnlly insertlil1cl [1211 help lI!ito llIn.deL"tlmd the m_elHlliIJg. In ~ILm;:
I (iilne@lI(. Ii!lluLiti..tt>:risti'cfllly. illS!:! u1b;U:.~ lbl!xl~illt' \\'''135 fOOl~' \\i1!l!!\1iI lilf~ lilUlrtl;';d. tliil •iorl
~!!~laY.!):1.!l..~1et4

Thm:me [WoO' irnpertant poi~~®uur.1Jhe .re.tad PI\1$:~ip ~e.tl;il.'eet1 JQNei!lJl,' N, biMie.e!.l ~am:,r! ,~mllll~ filIuue of :'1ill:zyliI. 111I,bellr s r. plaee. JfQSe,pli"smihli~ n,lm!t ~k.e YIJI~W's. h.c os composite !Ilne, Y"h~,ell~"T' in 'EgyptiUfl and II'C.bl~W~~oon1'es ",r ilm EngWji>h, and, ill bi'l,~ [;;J ngl.!,Il.g,~cS.·'0" .. ~id'.1II" ~ WriUClil 'Wll.I'w same ig'n--:uDiJ the fJ!n1~IlYUabl~.wh!~c'hi re,l@I~ IiIll t'6IEils ~h:e

tllj:'.rhi;o:; ~i:

r I1iOr J lis

In~~t!r.~, em'! k 1'CIl'''C'I1J',b:~y l!o\f~oJ IOO:~

tm .1 tlJJm'

1~:I'!:if Il~lnlJry,

(] d" flail'll U~l\oviilbJ. Ut ~h~ smu~ru> lib ~ -JU:st sylJ'ab]c of -·uya·s. Sce<:m;d]y,
ttl v'm'iet. in the sp~lIin,g , lJgg~ts, "at YLl:ya 'snarae WIl!S a fQre:~gncm~itblill

UlY.O·

,o~e[llh'

tomb '11Ia)' b \le 31u'elll f-rmm lb\:l llI:arn~, Df' his f'i::uemem. J eeb, 11iieT. i "11lso st.<tid te hl!,\!'e iliet!t ill Egypt, ~.IJ'fCil't h~ W;U;
,

1J1tfs.c:riba ~oLln diffli:mh

~'fl mmmar bl.o

~riertlgl)f;'Vlbics.

e;mbaUned.
"ThEllI

lf1~ 11.lm~

mUB~'lhe-rtfore

!:lave

tt~~Il,kHlJWIIi1 ill

the Egypl!ia_m.

Ahllou!lU :b~ had I3gYJlUHD bhlld omd had lhtelll .icfl ~ 1 ,or Dian), yearn,loaeph WBJI'ess.enilallY,3[ fOO3i!lrtllf. TJ.leioo has alsebeen. ,peclilililiun

[Iliglu also hl.l.ve Ib~ a Eore.isller. WIRen .,·~)',..t'5 ulmb WWt dlscolf'orei l. ClCi!'n idm"Il'b,le inwm.~ ~l!iere~' UI"Wmd whctb~l_ it:-(!$Uajmlild nny _vi-Iknce tYI Um;nn'lILhi. th uli')!. Jam Q.lLJi~lJ, the lhitib :iliohnealugru I who mtp ,ri\l'i$id :tbt!-esea oDun.. rook til. ,jaw: ~''f.lhe ,o'l p~"~-e'O'll evidence in its. a:.. or is lbe-~t ,ariel), i1I'l!' lhe-'l'c[]i1l!",. or rhe'f:n'1.llT11"..One m~'y.'!IlqJpgse. at a:nymte m~t it W,«!i\ 8: mre mllmc"aml diffi~uLr It) remfur lllllij~rQgl"p:ltiQi,_:.it I . pa.$'Sibll! Uud,( jl was a ' oreign f.cr,rd:·
rJlaJ.1

Yll1(l1.AmriQ1ep':s

ratber-iflt..I'aw,

lnu. althO!Jglul,g,Wn b'-¢ qlll I:he:,dh'ine flli'Itn~.il w~ pHlROW'loodl "f.1:4 in tb Cjj,l e ,ofI;.,ncl.O i,l \\. pton01<1l'1ced Yi. ['I ,'m~ lha'i. itt the fa,re of Ib:~ e d iffenml;i!-S. th ES}fP i'an .<icrib ,i115;cd iIll Ifu1.li~rea 'ing YhwtI. Vin th YUYl'l 'the mOlil-(.mmmOirl !:I_nd '''fi.w Ihe- ]ul~ l uJ-,tlle ,t,"Q.f11ple1C: l"o'liflJ.
c

6ener~"U~ spe-<lkillg
s-'miUe];:m_glilJll~

ml,i;ieiOl

Bgyptiu--in Ll1i respOOL [~e same as

\W~'=lhesc-rlb~i, l 'lJghlbowtn.nta:d

c;u11i",euled an tb~ ;'~D' point: "The lfl.tln'·IlIHml~ a'ltlumc '-', e~Bra] nmlb"a:f. ~Ill;qg. \\i'hitb iliff i :rom- Wbal 1t.:Qm each OL"h,e,'I" 'and) ,a~erUfitJlllntill.e lIbOOld0.11 rhe same 1'iI~I",..lm;ej:1tll' 9ppr:m1S that c_ach smtDe or eill.:l'tsmafl 'Iilmplay,e.i:I. bl h~ n~akilng nf Ilh~ -u~ID'll1 Fumimre . , .

Oas.on Maspero ~l

adopred JUs own fende.noy 'of the name .r we: objec' tlmt he dooomted:' Bu whnt name wt!w Ihe erme' 3(:~UlJIly frying '~ write! EIDfpdan DJlJmes I1rlIJ.allyhtdicated lbe goil'URde:r wham, t,rt.: ,p;m I'Ii _C~nic:e-rn-f!~wali

Nc'Ve:rth~J ~ • eme CO,am:lIfU1I1.I.JJ, un:, LLStd ii~ i 11_g 'j.Io.W,~ In Lhecc[l'!ie Q~ Yuy-ul i'rng vo~Jl ls, erull!;~ i1.1;1 v:er,:)I" case bile iUS":. '1 \\'irh 'wr.eigJll names, no one rn)ul'd be k:J;pmu,tt :Ill knClW [11~ eomr.mL 1'0'11," of the re ding. NQwoo.J~-" ' .Uj'u.' is til '" g IIlt:rnJJ, . cecp ed s;pelHng of tbe JlI1II':lfl'. ,out mt~.e~ ,b~ji}~eL1~e of ~t1l1ig '\1,1\ el '.~I!;m M'usp.e~,. rllnO\l.-OO hy otbeor ea rl)" E!lj'llCl'I~gj's1 '" ~1lI ~he l1!l!:m-0 W. 'ItlU,~Y,R.n- iti< an ~11~~la!'~dng S~(j ligl'1'1 rhar lbk ilrn~i:'Prt!t~lion Is v~ "rimilw- ~:llIf!!: \ Q! -YflQu'ru-tite e«rJ~ Clitristiu'l1 wrl'rem OOIWOOn: ;\,0_ IS ood 4SD wrote Lhc di b1 .u me, whUe in 'Greek l~ll!rs' :i:n a:de~lbltic m~ic ..1forms i.l ~ as -w:rl:ttoo Ieoa,'

~n. Iilc C.Q,m:

>'t . ~wel'".

• 1II0Lw.::

ptnt'i!:d-· R .mRf'l~, P;tDh-I~~tep.TI.l&mkh"Anw,l1· ll.rud on. 'Th~ 'I,)~"'d-t:lct: suggesltS 111m desphe [he ears he SpenL if! Egypt od Ih~ ili'gb o:(J,]eehe ..

lr.."id, Joseph remain d 0\00 r-om Bgy:puoo reh-si~ioL18"flr~1;hifl: m€lsl s~h0lanl bl:!lieve I:h~ll Illt: ~u.~t1itn'i,lJP1Jeiu"'.t,nae of lhi! ',u;;lm~"d" d'le god- Ate", dIJF~~g u\e Eig,IUlIIlel:J1mJ:i 1y:1l8 ly ts l~0Met:I~1;1 WI'lb YU)'tl: rud,oU;~h it w.1!i~ E
his gI.'Bn:clsDD. Akhe1J~ wlKl 1 re - dE clope{l, (I-e WO-I'$'~p 00."",8lKl iliIDJ' n monm11eJlStic bdier. The nrst mendon • Alli:l1 I!luriflg 'I~

or

Eighteefltlh Dynast,

nc.'CLIlfli,

TlIll'imosTi>

rv. ..yIlQ !ppoi(jt~d ~cseph l't! 111~P t ~r vi~i~~ Rbi ~Ofi" Annmhol,ep W~sequ90y bll1Ha lie~ ,A'-leI] • 01 N~bi-a: aIi'Iul1v ba,1fI1! in wbici1 J • saHcd 01'1 Queen Ti~e' -,pleMllir Illk- "iN 'I!la~_tl .Mm. ,Gl.'llm,f.

m ie:l:f.. on a scarab d.g1ins loom 111.r ignl of

m.

It seems. Illilefctlhre a lCeasol'l3bl~ -.ml;!lUlmpli.un m:l1m,by the lhn.e JflJleph t!,U:ed. Egyprlalilts. IJ'UlSi; MI>" reaJjzed that he y,IImM not ,aceQpt Lllepml:ection of
any, BgypLi.!lu gods. ol1ly hi _.(l:W1il God"

the- lBli'irub rul~llDm_. t wl1!lJ -. ,umiged Yuya'R IJurmmy iJil 190$, d!ev{)ted i~ru1 bis sub!iicq~~nt repol1':to "-Y:]li'Jrlwf he migln b:1! 01" luniign origin. At1ter d dlnDg the, metbod UIl'.iOO by the em:h. Imer, he W!;.I_fil,UiO: '~i tVu),o' I rao- is re1.(1'vet>lt-una:nd cBiiPli~ .m) Lbe- t.olnJ fBcitll b";gi1l blti n_g (lnly 11 O~, -wl1etre<oJS be lliil:ygo;lJI!a;uc 'I tlmaJJ'lh"~hc disf!!ll1Ce~r",i!en Ihe !.1i.)lxliJ,y wdu~_:"011~iiher sidilf'of"tbe kull-''tY 1125mm, Hi, no. e Is prom] n.em • 8iGln~tiJI1(l'aiinrl hi!h~brid, _d: ~u III qame lime lh~.e U,meUll cuni1J4.1tt.:.li) are: -'Milk. probably more-so than in life. hlmc !1bi 11(1"ril'luJ,ve- been dHH1Cd rheproc,~ afl atki g !l~e t tp nasal . .ff'cm, DC ~7rim lin.eJII, The ltI,dd&e of the nose pt'(;jeellft 2 em, 'in fmn,l ef< '1II'Ic ~a.n.l__bi outer and imrer ,cornet:s 0 the ~)'es whe.re~he-ltclh me, U. The C
'r~d}on Snmb.

em()1

~Jr

rl.wtl Jeho'vnhr

¥iJwa (lihe rlno]

1

" is read :1lS a 'in Heb W)-. ~d I;IIf1 i1ul the \Me tr,fF1g :io Wlim. flllluw.ing the Egyplin.rl Li.'1l.dilLiol1.W~· IJ~'I: fkF!lL pan of Lh' lililn\: uf hili. Gud.

1~ln'4.lduI;'DI.![l10 the

NIN! Efl li1;l; ,HifJ'~ .

~"'-1IIl'l'frlali,' tll#:tI{I~i','1',
~~o~btll.
1U!PllBii!t':! l,k MU'~lt.'

l'lqhllt,;l1t:tJ n'
If{/.Ul.I

'(lfllll7glle

lll' {'wm,

Tomb

~. fwthM

,C:.n:L&~ u-1'

ean1'l1SiQIl rat tOO ,s ritQ nnd

~I

t1Lft~l:ljen

n~ )thJ)!l"~]

lIll

mljl ':nwm.]

11'11l,'l £,

lip appear tP b'" Si1iro~wh~l lUlU. "'111~" w is VI dero.~~f !).q~. 11 e mDU~ 'laCh~ ~ad nOl been "l1avciI1or nY,o, er Ib~ da)( ~fore ,de~l.b.. f,gj" (R3

ulip r Up. chin miCi -UhWeJllLu.I JJe!l-.1II are thicldy iiiU!.bJ \: iLl! 'I, hiE!;:ludES 2 Ur") mm illleflgl1l. Tlte-e~ebf1QW and ~}:'C1.3Jd}C;l; are \vdJ-p'reseJ" cd. bUt.
unlIke. the other hair, they
at

of

II.

d~k brown oa]olJ[l'" tJntike die ears olr

BTtijJire.'(\11111.' were lIl~l p'il!r:o~d.."fk: tOll: n I;tJim i!cl [~'oom;; tcle r Y,'ll'j'~r·S 'IJrlgin: '"WIi~:1l W e ~f;lil'l'l to ~'rlEJlml iFe iIEIto l:Ji'!e ~ mcitil thaUiqU~r anbe 'body of v,uyu", Im!!~-1s.- 01')' BU1~W~ Q.IlJi dt;l~iI1if,i:ly ~ile llll as.a cleat indic ri 11of Ii;iK rig,in ttJUI zf-fiJdti 11:. In flrlnrm verRcaU' hls cranlum Hi di!itim:cilv evotd, almast 'oo.luid. i . i~.Hi nm bnllwi
1IlCl."!! Rl)~~!Il1um.!l'lie...ohh·~''f.

,tb~1bU!.sfOrn,:J,t1h(DlI D,f his wife" Asem~ih•. iLl1u lUra m:ttIbJS SOil B-ph_lI'Ii.m, min Ayl: _3,!.~ only be tr JI1~~~r ~ ,CG.JiJ~llJrej [t is a r iet [i.hfil.l iL Wm;,oomnil%'ll'l
prn~jjl;!e:, L~r.""ItiI1~~ fiOl'HI,hcEgy,(ni!ll1!cS In,W1W' ~venJ
Jl~.::;'llmcofwhi.cl1l

Bgyptillu\.vi1l DOL pcU puke ,I;] (2_ m1311. Fr!l11 -111elf E,HWiS,b W<lP'l":.1 While \iVe, an __hD . JCisc:pl'J o!!)l!tfd have been Ii.~be.d iplfJ, 4'~.

I~ flame setmr L .I!row tlmt, fot t!bc-,5M[JIJan . was a 0rei'lJl !:lull whicb ~ repfuchl:c:.e::d ilil wrif'ihg tb ,OY heanl im.jn tm in iJ r time (1,\'(1

'I

w~r' ~CP'I ~l.

he i~ C€DDUUOr!!ly
P:)lrol

fi('anltllOLllitl'm:. fur (1!II'1lar! 'e. h.ad· '!1;ye,--the one 'by V,1111,,"1I known Md, in: adtill:tiou. Ko-NldtheL Tu~e~ ~W~ RIlrus

e110licffi '10 P~\

11,;10

to' Slate de:fillit-Iy

IDolit is net Egyption. ,oJlhau~b its,

$ape: i~by T1 me:al1b ,H'~mm n 'Oll:lr:in pllJre ~g-pLialiJ'. 11h.e ~1Ii.l!ad i- ome-wh , 11l\\ '!!:,nd 1'I.."OOdi!1g; Ibe.~l'Mil!m ill! a whnr" ~ d~I~j!l5ll~d.hut , ttI~ occiput. it; mludcm.lcly proJ[I]ln!;)!'IlL 11u.: fmilTl or Uw l1u;;:~(::Iud e:sj)C:(ltally !lie. IlR 6) ~s ui?h lIZ we"rmd reore C-ilm1m(fn~yiii Eltm:~ 11100 nEgypl." ~ On the mrbject ef Yoyu's pos~ib.'le ominn.a1.ity.· Snu:lh Qbiser""oo ~t. 'whUe his mlllUllly "has adj"tinlly ~he.n apptt--arance. n . wouM "U beju_til'jed in I,!o ,nilJ.utiing th 'l,il j " IlQ'l EgypLitm., fQr we- dD m!ll\'ll wiLb. '[lL1im~(!(" pmpoJU os in. Ih-e [Qte5 la' manY ~lItIiVidu!lls liuppo ~ to W ",.. pti.ms. M tefl'l1~1 even jl \¥1 ~o 00 for D:S 00, Il.rlmil-~vliie::b I tim not pre.p:trod to
do-1bal'(blis
fw;:c. 1n1ld,coo''1iunl C(lIj{OITIl UI an alien f!f.)!1.Egyptlan._l, r-acml

we.

G(3n~~T.'lWi r .ebLi). h.,:rlcb Kll"W .suf1e1 'pNemru 'Goldt.m HQIitI' '[l1d Neb 1tb~p~'U.~R.e:(Ne!1l.1bel);h w shit) l1n~CU~ mllil

J. Nt.lfer-~·
~lml.£S ali

typu.. ~ mlli. t not be fnrg~ntUllbtQl 'P1 WJ Il:lim!~.clW'ing I:h_1,l bi.lHotic.:uJ1~Q,~ ill: lE!y~a ilt uppev elass if~tenmil1lg'1e,t1 ,wirtb rOiro1~~r1m, fr,fuTl n~j1ill1'!l:Il!l!ling I.1QI,l!lLri.es, llh.n---"1jlrnl, itIlloll" cspee-1.riUy lhl!. t:a..qe in ~e deltn~liem:l ~ types may Ixt Dlmd amon~ ~,I)plr.: who !t1l"G~ s_~rl1ed' or JIlMY ge'Jler.lll(lm~.'" ilh's imIJ. (loru:1us;ionL ¥I'as: "[t is &IWir from !hW!e eonsldemtlons that k WOU l,~b01'l h 1(1' a ti nal pinion en the- ubj~ l r-Vuaa' fu_'lRormUL" . eh rarly piOIUI1IIilJl;, in· 'l'l'Ai!: i id):d abpliU wb th . er n I YIllY~ III wa :Ii ~ufe'igtief~ on No pern" in I~!i bQ(}.. me Smtggil! of IIJf,"/'JIl/iPIU, pas ~d Ill! was oo!llliln ed rh 1 ooLl:l he lID'£!, T!!iJ~'awere EgY,ptiIlTI ... Henri Nuyj'lte- fWit. however .. that the !ilv~d Itiloe W3S strong 6I1UU!h to dli~ree WIll bkm tI~ltlJ1lb'~··M. ,MllPI;IIJlJ!;;Q11 ir..lJrrSmap O!!mi wifu a.~b -ing ~t1Li\'les. n ~1i:J] '[0, m~ guUe ~.efl.ftim sbQ~l !h~ wire, te'iUJ!!. ,mi' heT IYpl.:of n _!.1C. H. IlS 110$ n~:n suppo...ed. Lh~ 1 a tbteign e~~mw~! ub ut lie Dr Ih~l1I. il 'no 1 be kJu.iyu .. wlw):e r rpe h4di fferenl ftom thnl f hi!s wi ~'. I I~ \' •

\¥clla'" b'lJre hn~ .fornl If()r longer ,od more lCompl~ lIlsmt!ol,.oo.lO.e "llliOWRlw~ mu ..Il*' rn'ad~• .ttl", for 'ih~ ,Q,cll.hm, mitlil)l oenruries, passed helr:willtC_l1Lli:Je'Jfvents'lIIusc!illed and 1m1tlnlC'lihcywere ~'Lduwn in the -eibA~.'fo. -WiI3«1 S'lmpJ!e analogy, [rth~'Thdor:crn, \II,(~l:~ ~'f.I~n:'~Ql' than .~~ f i~i", i~cl, Wi- itl ~e .~~ ,of E.gypt. Y'.l:lSt qu I~Lides or-tIlnJ mltvwu liOOume-nlS had beant de !toyed." it mtg.I:J.l proi\'1! dlm!:olI~tu CSlumlu II [0 'Bve:ry":lne·.!l ~li. AlcLi' III Ilb)at Queen Elitifl1l\:m ~ UI1d1 QI'I en a _ w,e:re, th~ sa__m~pemm. In relntion ~ ,',]'I thand Tuya. Mwever. Lhom j D. $I.:riking.picoe .of.evide nee, cbohl.l's Iha.\1C. explniu:ed Ihll'L her nam i:j' riv\':l' frol~ the EgypIJ , 11 ·m. whlc:h thllY M~ "'lllter,nUM, .S 1'I1IeaOO.'·'be~oo.gi.Dg, _ fol1" godrJe.r.;'!> ~eil:' Tb,t., 1 rllc-tl:diuur!d ,~arJie-r. is tllII arbltm:ry jJll~erpj:etl1tion. E~yptifU] ii1f1l1i 11~1",nwll ~ mN!~ eQuid ~1l1;\.~"tJte jU6~ a1$ mrrd!ly inter00
,:U~
I

pe

am

In the gf:'H1de"Nrut: 01' TUYlt':.. D,W«' c\.lffin ~he is nddres:!iOOas Wrl3b~, \ ~b jl-p~Mt in Ihe Ie ,ILS, ~ an qJithBt~ 'the ~WiUttikll f un ~p[cl:eJ . r I ulMll~' 111 I(lddess NUlL -,
f

pnnd

as "belonging

THE TWO VIZIERS

A11ho~h fhe name "'~pb' does not app 'If il1li1ll: nf lh"'I~t~ faUfid Ytl)i1J;'S ~Qmb, JQ ephus II'l.l:'0:rms U! m his boClk COnll'tJ, A'{N101li!itI ll':!UI M .. neill,,,,, qu~ting Uf)C ie-IU "EgypLi it n 'lBditlan. !Ill 'lie Ill~c Il arne I) [I.heIl3:ader t.lrw~J~·ii'lgypl

ro

'rtl tub king in liis ILl for

cl,\,JdII~ Ille ~Ign 0' Amenophi. 'tAirnrW.unolep In}. the fJ\ !Ei,gl1l.~t!ll.l.h 'Orn ty. ,M d ~~ph.. Os•. Ibl!

;n;l[urilil~ facc miEllt be 'SemibC:~ beside •. Ihe l1umemll_

ulin CrillUI n,.

III

flnl:=lu 0 tlii WlI!l~. is {1 r.ransII~~Nlioo , we lEiY1:lti~ I\-~J'--Grec(.»k. the Ilwt

,~ I.' -

~~rit ~~~

's;Jmil'u to ~o'sc

Hn,"lI;llxled te Jb1\~fh illlbe Bib1e:

··It ¥dlJ he

l;nI':lYU:I'ig¢ ltlI.&ooby
.atl! leUt
M

used us ill! i~t1~ ~1lG:I\'i'f (h is ILhe1:iudtish 'IIt:I:':I1.0iil ur 'lli~ lith:r. iZUM .. 1.11< t Inrtt. ,p:arss£~huo 1lngU~b,u~ge).We 11,[1 ij!fu:ru b,Er'Ve:'aetouu~ ofu, ,ltI'iiriel:' ~mlIled
V~l ood tInl'l1th:iiI"''l8m d S-p~. bl1lllll Jl ~ allh ! lime

y.yvtian

1'1001"' at

M1mlltbc', !(loa tun ]nli've ,,' h!lI.6i:' "'W" -wMelt W;I~ the <Oslris. kiDp 'Ill' 111~lJlDdl]t\",·otJd. and WHS hnar

!IJ!:n lbm the V'frr~eri1 -the gr~~Jd s,te\ l1nI ,ut tJ.1l gyp't. and thwl '31 j the .ned \I.. ili - of lilt~tu gil! ljofIdcli Hjs OOf1'l1'~t H~ I~ gerumti n,yers.igbJ of tl'.l~
m~asur:'Jf Mill

lilJe dlic~ !It,11SUI1er'repom m I'I~~~ Is '~~llj; jU'!Hlce fi~'

0- the .usticiury:

:be is ,Ii;'bi:e~ f'ppUc o

'E'lo!."ld • both for th • re-<:ii!1~ ee 'cil)' anJ k:iJ1,gf.Jf

ri

AmerljMl'

p Ill ..

posmONS
Tlile ~tn'_ni_t1g '~oinl in ,Jp!icph~. ij'lfc. 'Wt~~ apl}Qi:p'lIllIc;!'1I' ~ 'Zief' ~i) his Pil~nh \YI~eu the fundi,1 '11 'alltcl pM'Yi~L,,!1!1I ,..'(mllim:d 1,Il1?0f! h'iflHue, 'gi'l,Ien

~r,;m:,he is l[lirli&lf.'f () war, Dill for URll)' and .II -"'Y~ he ls -~tm)' of1be lcn'luri(lr ~Jld!of ollg;t\I!'WUI!fi:)" Wl1i~c ~dlgenerul \:l~un\i'o f:"lltlctinl1s Df ~le. \ hn man. rhnL mu RlJI'be clas~it1ed. '.I¥ imt'l!Imbt!im, u]iOn mm. l'hl;:(e: is. J I~i.lIetWJ, 1110, pl'irmc f u l1r;:fion Q • tate tbat d 'e:; no n @p~l~ 'Ibroll~~ 11 CJJ'fi~B. il!t He Is u vomitllWc JO~[iJh, and il 11I1U, ~ 'b'C Utis off:it: wfiich I:hc! Hebrew writer 11- till IO.iuti in UJe Si~ory of .lo»ph:·

in 111e\Void ,uf the 'ling:

Thou s.hnlJ be ov r'my h use. Rnd. nCfilordiIII untn 1111Jword, -ba TI U

TH 'KING'S RING
Wl<liGO lhe 'king qppoiJiIt~d J,o!1'ephl.he g,'lve.him hi s 'offi,crc:
iJA~ 10-\ n,d

tI!;lCIph: ~ fW h:cl; eat' in w!e: lltron· will J be: (OetJl~'I' 41 :40)

nij
>

Sll~l!lIc:r Il1M

thQu.

lJ1!ooe r!J~j~clli

as a ' ig.~ D,

YdliCW

ItlOmlilleIil'B,ill

his hook rJ1C'u.mgj~fIIf!: of ~lIt, P,Wl/tlt:tUf'JII,tn

611

PbllIDiUli IlllPk ofr

hi f; rin~ fiI'CFm Ills humt iIIId E;lll1it upon

iUtll;

Rclflffm.1 to EiV'P1iarl

dIe llJ11'i!Ull!e 1U!.1el1 by the Hebrew narraier [0 d" ~(!ribe Jt1$.eph,· prJBltitm; "f'Qt' 1bi~ 'Qffice, Ge1I~.Ji:- ,giv,c:;, "' •• 1,~/lplL thts'

Jmeph'j; bmill. nnd a'rrny~d hirn ln \' Sl~ of line Jinen, gO'ld !Zh31n ObQll1 his ntlck. !Gertciil~ 41:42)
Tlif!m w~rs

put

11

el,m.

~t(lfll is rntT11!:d

I"r:i'}m ,I"·'NI

II')

cit! llVktl,

110 rcpenh

[u"cliluble. if, l['j.,

l'fiIJ rutemp.,S lO 'lenJ SUI II object. mm YUYIIJ's, Omb • on in L Uncle"1 [liil'll~. jus lI'fter Lhi.! burial. nd m~ ower afl:er I.h~ terah 1!,vas Ojlel\~d in 1905.. Qy,ibel) WfIH abbt to bliliY bock moo at' dre smlen Ilb5!:cr . illl Luxor IllllfibL The rin~ l1!li~h!Ave dl.peawd h 3!> II. lmiuli n Htic,r of Wl~~ mbberi~'i. but we do IUIV'l writlell avidenC'ec i1( ~l'5 wtiSIli:[U,::'I.!In .tIle 'Lomb. YU'Y. nmny lOaher \'iweJIS, 'W'aS "'beMer fit: lh~ seal IOf lhe ing f low~r A~yp." Wen 3 "bearer ef tbt: ring of ihe ikih~ ,of 1..Gwer egYi'n:' t\i,hith w~ tI1llJU'J_jJ,I~'d by N01vflJl,e ~~ "C'b3Jl~UOr,"I

be I'Cp~ted iJ:HCI';;I,itlfl II, .Ulli: Wl1g ~, Q.n ' r·d ublc' ~til\' as rbe'l!:Iepllt}i. iii'l'l'/el>ted.with nIIl f:hto 'rigbtS and pterefaiti.\\ts of tl1~ kitn,g..Itllbe 'samc'way UH~Egyprtal1l11ordsn.llJw, 'depmy: wru:.l:omuld'f:mm .f'l1,. '[WO:"
'1tQ!1l' Utal

Thl cnn~,HpUllirlJH~X;il~tly ,,'!liththe c\'1d~~ - 'oou"'t, in Yuys' 'lomb ""1:1 ~ ltl:! h. WV,tll !fhi! Mime: [tide: "'\'II',ht:lD~I,be !W,ll nafi !l:I:Dd~ his dQl.!blg," Ill, hi br.U:lkAI! 'i,lljl RJ'r()~rh (Jf #ElY-PI. JQhn H, D~ giyiU., aa gc. ent Qf the. rutre!'" uf vh'ii'@t, tilhmilOOfl f-rom t:b - tlJllllb o Rakhmiru. wllo ocnu;pied rhL'll posi:uOJl d~riui !he rutin ~J[~ 'fIJrMifnm'slfsm', Lhc period of Egypt's grea'~esl pOWJJl'r.around ilie nme of Yuya's b,Wl. The duties be d~"qrt-~jiJ.arl from dl.~ :a,c,J th~t, sigrUfii1illl'tt] , LIlere is -11.0,fMn(icm of
OJ

m~@

THEGOLD CHAlliN
frh~ han

~d dim wiUl niw~ ..· bi,hlv diSltlfti lrl~ 111;11 wronpt!l idb!il\U1ed ''VIz-l",r Sc!'llh" i.I!J Llot! !i!~u~rf IJii; ~uUl!I~.illhl.dl~ ~in 1>I<TDn~y. h~ JlL~~ '11l,1IiI, I1:l~ Df i~m~lwtt.1p II III ." 1I1il!lR$.I:Inll. :Bf, ~ diml ~'flli n Irlldtl'ion·~lllultt lIPI 1 lilw; Jlll ifular jlirJlllI 1ft thr E.i~tml\bi 'JD)'m~,' in EgypllW Cr:le of. ~,ignifu~c illi ICjJl:tjlqn 'Ip II IlIor.l~
I M1l11lllb,ll.wi•.

wCild:. wm., lm-~l

011 '!I Il1l:tg.l'I!'ld

0«lIIt W.mm'SlOfU:UIfI',

Iuuld'ed

doWn hy.,w 'I'd Of In •. nllil.

OOsto,w.ed~!1lo~e'P:h by ths p~l(Iihlti,on of ,UI, ,glukl -ehain w:n;, m~t:i()n d in l~~~ l,et~oFetl'u: New Ki,.I,gdu!fI', bu~ L hB10lL urll.'ij 1I1il;}~llIi of I[]llhmmris rv, wh{l npPQinmd Jo 'epb fl 'IDin. iiiW". rfuU Ilhe pr~WIl'lati('!n

m"

h. ~Ju.~. Llic _ic~* cf fil

onb·

arti. L ThJ: ,I' t e!\\li!,fl.1pflll be-long l

,d'D' time.

J\w.!¢ua kjn~: • YlJy,;ii~ de (le'nolan .. ~ rMe-hi 11: of" glnlJd W38 lMk'ed up~n as ene of !be ldplie-st ,I'!! i~ld:m,::DIYO, o,f rhe rime. mId~ as \!,fe'SHW 'befor-e" Y'lJ.ya had i.! :gold' necklace W!li.t
~O' ~.~L

JOSEPH'S, WIFE
1111i1il:!e~·i,zie.r. ~;f) epll \. W> gl'V~man Egy;pl'bm wim b}' Ph:aiiaob. ··the' daU~l1l!r (Ill· prmsli ,~f Un;" 1'o,.a" ~oJllb.gir~ I1C11l!!ldJi cu:Li sn IJ: who her ll'thcr ~?'a:9.. . UL ine lacl d'lal. ,11e:' W$ Gonoee.tcd. ~bnn..gltJ ~iJl:lg " iSR:e! dl· RarcO<IJj in bodlt pluees:. wnh l!he OOiI'I1?'l~ of Amun 0,'1 Tfu ..'~, 3!llId Mh, ,al~ A'kihlTl\n. imdtQl1e'S 1i1U'l ~]e Ulmll'l'Fmm .:Ii
pl'1~U.l{'back~l.md,

:m ~ddjti1;J1l m !millS'

ho.d E llen insid.:- his 'e' ffid arlinl, (i rue t1~d W: CUL by ~;.bber ,

I,l~d~ hi b~ad .. ben'

mil

THE CH.ARTOT
By ttmkiog J,os~h ride' in Il~s.e and c:bnciof' P~tlruoh was it]lt;lic~n,g'his p05i,tion 11. h~cl' qfUn~ dIMiiGlt)'. Thi!oi·· ~poHl'l~ilil}' is:eOTl'fifued by ~W0 or tll,!:! ilil.l·" nSilnd in "f:1J¥I.I' tomb. Mil$ler of i..Qel'iIorse olnd D~JiUf3 of ,His MilJe 1)' it tile C1harili~. ill fact, aeoordJu:g t !'he flagga:dnfn ( "~fer 00Yashrtr, ... Cliotl Mild.::e,ll JD8ep.!l i said to IUIViC!equipped, u rmm;;iiderl1uJIt army with. wbU:..:'h 11 rnlinih~d t~ bdp UJe ls~muu.:lite::; (IglUlSl Ul,e TiIl'l5:hishiw, wtfming a. 'tEee~'viClory.
IL w

More s:i:gnifimnlilili this foopoct tHl11: pri . til' pl!N'ld Q' ,held b h~ OD Allen, \ h e name appears Pi ice 011Iter ~111~ 'rtonin; "OOIi"Oij,. the. eecmd. pn,l"]?hct a,r Amml, p~.I,setl of the gt"lodgt'ltl, ~I;I:. A~ .ii'J:ii¢lrii'¢d :. 13~ml' of AIl1~n. 1:10'\",/ll i milt, identifies him alsC'l R'S the prie!l(l:f On HoJi0ptlr h If ihi pdsiriOl'lw ,lle<rl;i'.H'I.aJ)'.' w. ., ihe Si:t.'re. Witlh the S !II remphi1le- p.ri . I s, it irS po' '1bl,e [,'Ilal Aften cc utd hin'". inh ~rlloo hi:.!, PO irion ns ,pri,eslJOfOn fro.m ~li,nKl~'e:mlll gro,t'Idfttthf;i'~ 7~y'Qj'."'llillbitf.'

rue ctum

'II 'al')t:Rm~ ~Pt

tn plnoo full

re nm (jbj~m.l !hal bad

J:tru:II aspeCl:a1 igniliC3llt:: onhc.dc.c.cn.ornd ,~llin~ his lire. 11m 'hari L ' uni.l .b~ Ylly.u~ lttnib is ~m.Gf mme.wt:'fl u hi-; 'P0s:irinn. The oilwiOl: is 100 sm .. 1Jli l!il' ~ hi ~ own. .Y~' tow Inrg.eno be Q madill]. 'it is. ~th1e: :thrll 111.. d~l, bel.. ngoo o,ri'ginalty [0' 'Ultlhmosi. •. Ii )i"DiillI'lg boy when he apJklirliu.td Jo:ooph. nd.· rm.l.d 1.t3~,. been <ml:' ll'ird ~C' u'~d wh~ ijr: \\'llti "roWIl prblce. TMi 'Wuuld explain WllY, a1thuugh omli!fU~Q!lld in IfJlcl, it "115 Ii'· l bl ril:!b:L

THElWO P~~ARAOHS
YI;1i~ !W:rl'ed l.~rLl Ph;vaUb$-·rulJt~t~'s~5lV

an1'1hi.

scm. Ame~hoti'p

m.

Sllm~lltly, lib Talmud iodIt't1tci; llud UlC PAunjuh whn ~)Jp()i ll~tI J0~c:pl'l d"ed bIllQre lum ruu.1lJoseph 'ell'ved i'he fo'll wiJt.B king" his SrulL; .~ n,d i;L rom.: to pll..BS • . • 'I!tut f bur~Q " Ih ,. [rteml!. of' J QS\. ph ,dIl:d .•• Bl!fere' ~Is t! 'MirI Phafafl'h ~j)11mliU'lcl~~~lilo~m. who ,~uC'(te~e~' him.
[9

THE K1NG~S CATTLE

Wilml hi~ bn: ~jllfl':" am~ ~o CJU1~1fl IigYI~,I", ](i~tl:pb P'h$f;ffi~d five rD' tile klng:, ""t! Si~jd:
, . . Ttl b~!L of the land gf gYPl i bdQ~ Lh~;
j.Jl

ob y j~lJ<h

~rt

i'I tllingJ. ,lll:d tbe • STIle lll,~rructi Hs,lIc 1I\ilI\

in ~'1fI~I"

f them

ing, Th~ p'eased me: poople 0 Eg pt, 01" Ilhey f " e Jl<lseph£lnti. 'it Ll'Ul:ir~d imp'li·TJy in hine, Thu!;; whdt: dns P[C1,ru'Unhl.' reig.med I);Vl;lI'

Em! the

·tll!l~tljll,!jiI~ gO'llj;'ifTIed

~y J(;)~ph· .ndVlC"l!

nd eounsel."

tI:l • b~, aCme ilUnd muk~ Lhy [t,lthl\lf'tul.J l:if'tl'llm:m to d~t .11:tn rl.~ lund Df GO:i>h 'n let lhtif'l'l dWll11. WI:cl i'f rhou ~I1Ii'l1WCSl W1~ 1~'tOO,nr aelh,'h ,llmOl'lg them,
.h~I\'ml1ke litem rul iii!! 'IIU

I A Ibm I '1!;i1ISJi frqrn ihid:.";:,~" '!'lIb Pyq~~~iV Ule Itlm: n S'll(l~h ' (fLh~ Tw.!'IIL\!o1Ji!~nnd Ig
D. tnlil1;~,"Yi'iIl1ffi(.l:Jlbmcs

MMemphh'

mtc:Ju]e. (
tomb.

cne$i. -41':b) OYefseer ,oF ll~~, ';Iulc nl

liE! IUIldu !.iY&r1)' ~illg. ftS"de trib~

in

~igJ'Pt

pr1l1~f,", ,rdl ....t;dl11l nt·~13bolting ~Q~.ll~ fu~1al;'-!I;~'. , ,,/,/1 P/j.l1m(l}IN'~Y' .\llI.l1'G~,

Two

of

the titles 'Found

ill V,lllya"s

WCli-e

Miu.L\ rd of Akl1mii),and

OV~li5etlr (If

Lh:e Ganle II)" Am!'n.

..... 'iN:Unll.I/i·om tit,. 'r4rnmfl. lru.ru;11i11ldd . m1hJ:roriy: n~ll~ J-I P,tl1a1H1 ~ QJnlls..s IUJ1>~!lre J~III,JlI'>o.eph·:<IctL~ wr;u:nl:dlID Ul~r.hU1Y·~lJIillll ~ r unll'FUiI! 1'1'1\1'11.1 [U!i!l ]'1IK'me .. nd Illlid It~ W II!I. LI.~'·HrI11y-~ 111111 1lin- ,.oll'el.!l1i', 1i1!C "Jlp1~d i~ \le<ll]lUi'!: ~.u~l1l!:!,!."f.b~n ~~,~01111 I'~l.tlimo:nt rn milyihlnjg l~rIJ[ll'll:g. ~~dille.." 1I~~'Jier flgurI::f, .

Cl1llLDREN
The Bible
tales, U:un JOi1!Jph' ,El!'tPtirm ire bel" him tW ons, M:aDaJ ilel1 Ind Epbmim'" No ~"IelldOll is ll111d '01 tI dfuigl'uer. '1'111. is nm unusual, bO\\f,ever. The OlbJ'e: does. not tl' mllJ)! Fefc-r to 'female d~:s'Cie"",

nd h UO~l Wql: alr-l\nl~ ~lQd the IE,gyprino" anti the 1io1!'l~ Pllffi_"~oh11ard. (Gen- 'isS:::!)

In LlliIls ~!lnd ease l1!,eve~ ,can ~ imerpmwd ~. ,ei,w:B-T :m~lmg !hilt! J S$!pmi~:!. neuse WIlS ·I).neru lID Piharnoh ~ bD 111 liJecn h~"d bl weep-

thInts !3niess irt i r.eleVMl

ar
110

any

Uw: tory blUJn,g Laid. Therefot, L11~ .~IrnCIi!: Ii u!k~n us-pfOEl'f Itl~,i, ,In eph did h. ve ne: rh~lFWi' e._ we ~I: u kl b f . r,ced to tbe,con hi inJl UI~'U,1tp!U1
['f}

I'll

nu!:m i r :1

rog

O(

tM,!
'r!'

Ib

news almut Josepl~'

brc:nOO:lli 'iJtIoSel1t ....

J;IOW

(0

tiN

qUj;e1l

dil.UgJ~[Iil:F capnoL

be~

s'1'l,t wl'lUtd be' rn~~~ted.

In lbe 1i~L.

ver, while

W~ C11n

rrom

ut1ders,tal1.d.l1:owthe q~cn

lJi

few wDiIU n li\i,hn are mel'!ltio~cd.

11]

I~he: fle'b[l@1V.s fulJ:l:ered

ont

In \~'fu-'CiirclJJUSrnrle
wag? 'There
I

.mnille desiG~:mrl'mI.s"

000

om imlitec:r inl~BlCatl-Q]} rfl~t J'O$epl:l had" (1_ ul'Jrrtf'r. When Jaceb ~;d ood -01 pA wante 11" lury him in c.3.D1lillIL. he had fir t 1'0 ~bla!in m~ kil1g'S '!l¢rmi'" i,un. ycl. aIUl,ou,GI,1 .!I~fle:,pbwas, lM, \rw'er ttnd ll1e c1u~L cf[Hc(i] [0 Pbom('lolt. he; dill n:gl as' the klDl! !llm'siill]f" bUf \MLread u~,,"dlhe 'c:rvioos of 3 mediator, '!'hmlmlly th ,IDe.d.im.or io: ~m(![ one "..flo is efOiieI '[0 bod] sid So than tl1,,;;y -.e 10' eW!h othc(.. '~hQ_m ldtd 1J~e'Bible e:ies
JO!:lephtboo~'?
;.\'flo .', 11 ~Il U1d'ny.

QU·«11 Tty,~ WliIS h1llhis mu~m:ioli1 il i, ' imeiWloog:

\vould I;1e n.e-alfer'to ~II JW~ '!lInll i1iffi Iili~i:l:r W;!!~oC could .Iu~ rib Ill! 'npra 10 joseph II an PJliltll,oh be- no ali fa Un, pbnt:!irlOn lo tlli' liitualiQn unit: " lh~ t11aw.gbmr f l':Io1lm YUY{l W1d J »lejfu. o
I"

liarinus
~H Eg!4lI"

~(reoc:!;;
bl10

i~Genc£J:- t UII: '111.11tl)ber{), r 'melres who Ill. de the HWp'l AU 'm~ eels elFlbe bULI~ uf J~nb Yo'no Ic~e mto
h~B $OIiiS. aftel:J:~t;rib~diaB (ommllQ . 4f],~,

mat q;-here:Hi a missing

me TI,um

p[;!:tsooflin lb~

mclniling J(~h:nd

v,emy

in number
Ute. D~lL.

GelleSIS

However.

.r of J-M'O

' de.~QJ]dDn1,

from Leah ate

giWIll

as bin

·'rhret!. nf whom two died in Cruuuw b~ Qtr:'r

ant mall 11i g w~m

S'llyil1 '.

p;l '1, J

'«Wln;;p-ak e Wlto'LIlll

}muse er P.bmI h.

if

spcak, I pnlY YIJYI. In the

imIb

I IiUl'\"C roomli gml.:le til 'your ~Y'~S' l1Iff'twTQllb •... ~O~llesi :i0:,)
flOW

TI'l1l! epre:s lOrn ""_h,e house of Phru;i, he" i~ aQ icnL Jit6)rpt Meanl IUs ii'i-'.re. Lh queen, Tile es press-inn i!!l tim liIicd lQda~: iIi.' ~ul oiU!ldefed,po [1m '10

I!.':a~i!lg rhlnY~OIl'e:t Ifne&is 46:15\). me UUII1~r of J'acDI~':;l d'esQencanl.. from ZHllatl~ all; iu~el1' G~'1e$h; ~6: ,8). Ijl~ llwmb!M tlf J 000'-5 d '~e:I'I&!nl f a.m, R'a ,11\:1,,nt:ludillg Jo!.~ph DIll:!! ~i" t; I( ~Q.I'lS:" III i fiOll'~tIl, CiIlIlWllcS'4.6:22). and IdU~Ii1Uhlb~r:lfmm Bilil. 11a•.', ev ri (ae~i!1 46:15,. tf Wf;l, ~dtl J'oAcob. hiro -ii!ILf to d~e 1it~L. Ikl:: ,~ still Jil:ft \'li1lh .a 1011:110.1'

s wi feeor men' iClIJ her 11I;a1~1e:. 00(1, ev~~ llr she bas no c'hilck~]]I.'a wi e wwld stiU be meTredil '.1$ "'II-e' bl'>U..e of he ~lU' band .. t\Q ~ iunp,le 'Of rhi. we h '.e a..lrn_atl}~ l!Cl1' lit the bigropbl! pf
':poo:k lLil:t.>ell~, abOlll~ aperson' -I'fi'l1 ~~. ~I!n uf AlllliH::I.Ir,~ctlrd~ on Uti!::' wnlls of li:Ii'S ~-omh: ,I ,I~~ Se!'\'" ir~ ill hi ,(hI. (a1hcrr', lead. in ihe Ship ,of Tllrft i/:tlJj'tJ,U, .in m.b!le! uf

tmly 'iJ{,t,!-lli~e., fUI(1:>evemy. -Ql~Mtl,r1y. there is wmlhC'r IrcE~irelfbce !Q th~ IlumD"'r I(!lf J;J! Ii' dl!~ti:em.hllll!l. 'Who, WMII dow,n t ' lEgyplali, ~ixty-lri ' CO~IS, 41fl,:16), in.dlld!tillg til L :OUF were al'rieady 'rn ID'p't: yel we ure
giv.cm Ilbe nTlllJ'l')nsd only
'~al tile 5 ],t

[br~e.. On lll¢ blL~is of UtCil1ihl,i,tal figu~. al1d

iitQ.u~ the econdl re erance of vendetti

~l:'SOll

me

pamcumr, WllISal ~d)'

III

h ls II re'ws;Oiulblc :J:.'lSwuprinl'll

til· t?ypt-Jese'pbl, iliI:l.!gllucr.

Llite(-.lord 01 [he ~o

l.mlcl· Ilhe-lll

III led

ebpehli-re

CAhmosi

[). when

I.W8S a )IOud!1 ~liIIldhold m))1 ta~k!!l) a w,tfe. bilL ~lit my ui,'gbra in Q. hummock af net, l'!k~w.!N,l~[!nT bud 1i:'S!~bltsh_ed i1 tnHHi~ c(mnm,ed:), r ,,",,1lS r,alen tJpml l\""~ vaJianl .. :~ TIl sam ' ~xf.lre."1 n hi! lIiSOO the besiL'l[ling ill the aut'nun" uf ~(i\, B Jii)!ieph '-verUutllhi rev.MI~ hI~lll!lM '!O bis brl3ilieftl when tIImy l11~d~ thell Lbe,S-lrup' NOI'tJlt!".1 b~W~
SIIloond tlip ~o agj"t
[0 ,blJ~ oom~

Roy;aJ' IlroU)' once fr.iends w.H!llu~!rnpprnsors" i1er name 'Was ~ dellbern~ omiS$ion hy m liebre-w scribes ,\V1~ It Ilhey OOi1tldlhe- B bEe -I~'ry. A (II: the two son .. 'we l"1lfJiW from !liU Ulsmp·tlort all Tll}'"'' SIln:uphagu..'l mam she llad n,SflIlIl'lIUUe.d I\;oell~w,l\ljr YIltW thtli SOOllnlll Jlrmphl Q:f Amun,

is rm!~ib1e~L1nt.fshe I~nd rtlW1ied i

111~O E~ljan dre

l"bcre i no mi:ll!Ui-an () nflrlh~r 51,oil. Illlth-e .J;:lI.imC'nl bus ~n iiilrnm.g III ravor r,mere:'lI."l't!1ii1' 0~. AI'oo Ci_ rdi'n.1f' con 1l1,mJtd jll:E,_IfPI ('1 {hI! ,/ihol'lloJis.: "'YII~'11ill'll hIs wUlb III ThcbC$ hml! lhl': lhte 0 r:ni01:' ~r

oom

Ay..

lt~r:'£'S, whll:~ A:j,~ at c:J-A'Il\lQ'f~. I,s o,~~' o:f aU libe Ho.pws of Hi~
M~'l! L • Ii en 1(JIll'Ie lic:markublt i th~cm:iwLl.6n 11l'fb!:,ib Wii'ih 01:110",'11 f Akhmhl, w.:l:iet~ V,uyJl wa ,n propi:1e:l or IVUn Wi wi!ll mi, 'su:pttriflilcfide!ll ,of rtuu !oJ"s ()aul'li!~ rnd wb II' 'K:.ir(~ 'Aye:- ·~d B . sMn 'nnd left a 19~9 ms:cr.i:ptiilllll.Just as Yuya's wife TUiyn WRhi the IIlloiiter of 'QUJ~en Tlyei. lhe
)) , U! e

(,)fJo.~rh, besnid~ ", •• [hew is':ncn_c.'O dL!l~U:nd wiSe as U1~'IJ"m!" ('Genesis . Ir~p).' ru}'~ i· also described an bis .~!LIi1Iry ,;mpyrn, as Nth' 'Il~)'

wi e. whe

1ifi,)'Ii', Ill.';1god ..,1

orKin,",

'Ie bud pre v i:oll L_ ~[l

We

nurse 'of Quttel1.Nefertid. Li,nlt:

these ~CL~"Pe'tiy::E. N'e,yEleny tr~"O,~~d ~S!t yu~ , Mid ,~e. as", U ss Ilbef]:' wives uya,and e~. wdre. wail I ,Olli!:an ih'i! smn~. 11mltlil be 1!IIldu~tood Lbli:~ Ibe ~:n:es \', ,bkh. iA a ptl'mlr e,ol]veiIl!l:i!onu1
W0ri,.r if. hkVi~' ~f

1J\1',~'l'w be w' e W'IL" n.g . wl~ei1 llt~y ,cl!i~, ~nl1uleiP s(UI Df H~IlH, Min F.gyp'l~RnITfa~G:~anif! ~.ti)'a'~' tim&. ... said 10 rut". '- Uve.d oee hutl:t1r~ runl li:r yearS alt~'mgl'li l,li!1'l Iltle r.ast iuf"ll1UUtio.l'II we hsve 0' iltlm pil1ts hi~ age ijrl ei'~tr. £incec 186,.". W'hi!i'lI hW'l!~ W. Go~win ;p~[ed 1h~d !he a~e Idle" bibliclll IlHIrliUOf
.Jssign"!~dnlJo~pll4lit, die IhL~t::01' Iii d!e~ was a r~~cti!:!lCI ufibe Sgy.pl1aD uodi,i1t'ln. lhi. ide! I~. ~ ime lIf!,Qi;e and ill re', ~~ep~~d, Hgyp~[Oglt:SIw nl'Ii!!
WI!!Ii

1l1e age ~he:Egyptians ytve 10 ililO e who one hu.odr d and 'lim ~.ns. lrre pecnve'of thelr f""';l J

manner,
S""C~

W'I;'.'reo~-

in clifIl;::kenlway'

offer no reul ob lad~ I.a tbi5

UlOO:ry;

i tIU!' .ln~re o~l1i~~SI)'pllIc wrl'lmg• t [[tis ~do~ t'1'1!!l~ we 'C:'.J!WIOt, ~ S\ll'U Ii1131'~"ful ilP~rs 10 be writl;en ~ Yuy IIrniY !'lor llIav l'ieelrl PI19A \nl~
A.y.e. and simU~r))I

funllet rernfo.n::6d whW:! C~"r.n"'~ ~..afeb"'re um:J Jlu.$itT M. Jan lHm

10

w r ~ab1e
t~r'$\~!"'"

:show' from .Egyptian

lre(l9rt

Itt!XIlS

I.b!ll ~t least t'M:nt.

l Smith.

~w.., IiIi chrurdt'-·

n ),,(W:S. we know [hi]

,wilJ1 UIe-n;,inlC$, QfILh!i!wivc;~.

~roIl.LillJgiC:llI~y.

~njwe\l·er.

sal d' U!ZI hl,il'e~ebed

lh~ u,gc of. 'IJ uC hUlIIlreIl mad~b'y 'Gmft II EIJ'i

::3.111(~ II

~wberry".· . w. which he Il.bruJf ~.e\'!!f pul)l.isl~cd,. is abs lutc,l_ inlpt»:.. i,b]e; smee, mOI:@OV'¢f. the mb!mm1(!)S~orootlrl Y'l1y,atmd'fu~fl. e ...icl6ntly ~ lJi,g:tl p~Dplln,. W{Jt'e d.l'$ColI~d in Lhd Theb~ntOlT!h~ it W011~dbe ec~ ,~ ~~ as1i~:f' U uL YU)I1I,!;W ofiI.yc. w)~i bi:;I;\''''~rPTl'llll~l[l.~illtiQI1We' might ]l'1'!ler l;o.l !lim. had 1iIe~ re IUl degW.h been th~cH" renooor.;e rns !ullg]y UUe Wld
111re 0t11~ t1'fCi' ~ilififl.

f"lu'i the medi(!ID YIJ)"t!: pr'0bt1;lay

wa~ 111.11 ,I~~ I Han 'siny ,ai his, death'. Sm..im WU!:l iln'WtlJ~, )UQ'I:l.iPBb; fl d~1 np'pe~ -lome, In decide ~he ''''~ ~ ag.e,. bllt Ht!llri Na\,m~, who wans,l.:ale'd YU)'lll~~ ttitJy of 'nw BO(#;il/tlip D'etlil. \\'1"Ole tn

ble

'Llg~ooll

nnooner. :yriI ~~1~ 1~;;L!ima.d tire p,l.Du5i:dull lite fumre mOllareh Aye 'was ~Imson of ,'tllyn~ lhi OOfI)

!:)r i:l

.b~

"~bs~quUt,CJOroUl~

upon I: "In Ilolh cases !.he ,flfl.i~l ,u;hed. lQ

l,{Iiind.Y w,IDl1d'l:Xpluin uh~ stmlh.u-ily Qf their titles ll~d :tb,e,it,IJ~' ctlOO~crim.J

with A' liimln, "J'1!w Burna. !llo' !'IDled uikiJng, resembLance Ibet!rYet.."1l Vu.),,111· fI1!lmnl,y Md a p~')!'It'J;lll 0f A.'J~M.i. king. depl :ced i\ ihe: i1.c..Q~ at

il1(iic.are dr.1_ffi)! 1:ll'ijlIllLumy~ ",yD.,,!, :i vem coM rom! "lli"llim h~dli.ecl: lhcrefore ~l marm hIm ((,lolle a whiu: wig. t BD.~hJ~ph . ild 'fuya tI'lCltefi;)'re &lied Ill. ~ 'icry nlm age~ (hI: ~~' e,

wi- ,dOll

;0:"

til.: gyptlaD.S" one tuUt [red nM left yem.

tile ba.'i'i!' uf

IS

rntue 1ItJ\ in. Lbo Nr.n!ie~Im nf Piin ~ Art!) in Bo.~ttm.'-'

JO~Tlb, hud 1.\\10,sons.'WII:]

tf, as is lraow Gc~ller.tU1lhoug.hll.Y'lilY ,fib

JOSEPH'S, BURtAL

it \V;;l s rbe ,youu!er olle .who re.acbec;1 the b1:§hrar p(l;f~tio~ wb~W!he' WCi.lme
king ~J!g~t1illerT1.Iromkhamml': d~.h. [hi W IULd exphtin-\\ibi~h th Btbl il~elf d~ n L dJ-lJfc '~ilbli~ '00.1)' of J e( bl'~ ljJC$iJ.ng fOI; le:ph's
So Dre,plil

died. beitli& m huncl~d and

till) 'C1tl$

I~:

nd fLw.)

~u~

SQ'lL

ernbOJ.lme,d,llim.;ti~ul'rn::W'a.'1i .pnl m, I coffu in EgYPl~ ('CieUes1!;, 50;16)

BtI'~. ~ltll~of.IiJ'i!! b

two, pl!'l!,JQc.dIDg

""f~e

• tIle,llt'llry

()f J0.5, plll'do:e.

nLU.li:ltt'I

,Gem!siS't!iU us Ie JOse: h died "ooiug rul hundflOO and! ten Ye4111iuld" I~GMe.~ 50:26,. AnC"CIliI B!gy'l~tiI!'t11. ,COl'! tlaret:1·l1ltJ ag . ttl b~.i !ligl1 nr WJ,I"

ti,.

ruh~re:

dom

IStU ILh.GSe'\I\.ibo, altWn<.illong life Ci-lSe. bod1 Jo~b

ll~.Jn,OJ.Jr

lll'eked up(ln as bcinJ;! bol i.,:,md "lJ'u)"a "",,,C'II.': fJonsid~rcd wise by rlmmoh.
~ere

his'tr[oih,ren. IIwe: and' God wnl !1U1I~ty ,iffil , u, nnr:l t!'rins J( U QUI or tJli:. l~rJid!JiflitQ lb~ Jan\! whiG11 he: S'Ji.\'irfe 'to
iLid~lIltQ"

An .~)O!!.!:pb

Ab.mh~"'$. to 1Sl.~ lI~iiw J!:u!I.:Ib"J\n'd J!O!)cph w.nk an !iJtth

(If

tile

SUH,)' '(Jj.JQ..I'epf,jJ;·

"Widl thli:!.,lJlill.lrUll·fi! Ja~ob~~datl1 and bL1na:] hefo:1ie ~im.

t!Q'W

f'triJd!l¥~ ~t t!m:i~l. !i;~;y~g, God wfU .:ilom.lly "ii~U ~I,)u., ~nd ye sbwt C1~. up m~. [;Il'~~!i, f~tn ~c.e. ~crellm,\h~ SlE24. 25,1 (lomIP1'elc dla:nge In Jbs.uph·s auitlL.lle [jJ '.s!;!ufing lui E,gyp.b H}e ~J2lCe]j(j[]1I8 1lI.e<Bible. atlbl!' ll&e~rSIi'l'l:'fl1I'I~~i%l;J(!i'l.d La \1,;'~ ap.Join·le,d :vi~)tl'. ~em.1.ost :pow~II1J PtllS~ ·t:hI!~t)tnl1]l u:t~obat.0,f ,Phlil-ar.!ll. w.tu.m Ile: .W;~II'hI'rty. Itli'e mII~e nn ;utemrn I[~ or:nU3t'l[ 1'\1~'tamilfy ruit~ i.[ ~qr"Ji[y 'rit1:l1 ~lj!l.bmu.r~FS's:lilrn~hl ~'p[ rQooy ,(:'.QrII ll1!mt he w;as everHWlUy trum'n:4 with. IhNn.lllr ,tlddiXiOll, ~~ m:r'GePI~.B.an Egyptian WOn,1aD as h~s wlEe: ~e tnew thaI 'h!!I ~bildren WCl,dd 111> bmM~hllJIlP'a'i FlgypliaIl:S. fur i~ wns l11c: h!,l:;;.lie'(ill;: ,~bmfi)m th~I' lh(:ll ItlhUdoon fulh.l\li!cd JJ).1i:ii 1nt1iiu~r.,rnel~'!hear 'fMh.n.EvI..'II1 Wlu~1'Ibj;!, rlllme;r~ Jllc.ob. w~~d W'ld Je~~h W,Elnitup la Cal'uum wi:Ll~>dI i'li~ mt'mIJ1~f;S.ua ~utY ltinm. h'e: s~iU oom~ back. ru;. did nU I[h~ Israe.litM. 10 liVe in. E~ypl, [heir .IiIBW hbme. Wh)'. I1mn. TIi~ is:
\E}

iJJ~ J G~:[JHiJi edtl'~r

cl

b~yc: roadte. lh~ Ifamli~ly Ilmt a. second ILfut~ m.

~lestil\E:. [ti, I:lUil J{'),~l,lpb. ThJ~Iw®1dbrrv.~ ~n

,U1~mast ~ooablt, pzo~(I!'J.oo. ,B,luJhc dt¢llili'm~ elt~~Sf!'S'lii:t:'l!nl1i CJ(P!#f)j:I::IU, lq~te~~. he .adQjJttd tJ.'!iC
mIJsr 1lI!l1~.k.d)" C'OUtS~ o·f lUlvln~ J0s:epll' ~ bt:ldy kt"Pl IIi Iii·' l."'0fffOl .~ . Bg;y,t fo,r l'ii.¥t3 h!UJl~w~-odd ~realfgumi.l. iffWf tbl'!lSroi9ite &!.odu.s omd Cu~olJi~

anl\!edl' j.l~nhil:COLlJIU)I.

in

f~w~.m'l'inally ·b.uri~1im ~he~lu'~IIiiI. 'VI1y"l

BIe€)~I!.li\'reI"'e

nil ~1!J.~11t'Jns.l;lliol'l: n,his SGurt'e.8 tQ do QIJ]~se ~ Uf'Qllly QI'II.:Ln, [6 P.ille...lUil'1e with lh.e: ~lliVOOt'J
!lO!U"(;~"

G~nesis ~d.r~~Jb~d: •... Ib~ JO~fh s~o:ry lold ,t:lf ljtiWy,ing l~l~ob; ~o1h.er
tEmp.·

tim &oow;,
~5~ llVC

LflJdiuGrl, tQl:d

af·a: ,{c:c>ond

1oi'i~ the El:re~~s.

n~ ,~"il-

,Between

~,gre:!fs1G.IW ftoltl E:gy.p1L.l:h[,'l Gen~i>s tdiror~a~

I.':otll d tilo't i.I'I"0.I~t ene,"

d Ii!liE:~ rOT roJ eth~;r:e .1lfld

sl'D.dutdhe-cb:M~e hi~ mifriiil ;suddenm~ at

dl~ tiIFnl<! or hls

Til! reitn;fcrEt:e 11t1~ imJjtieatiom; of ·Ute; two '\ferse.'l me:n~~ned nbllll\fC" ~H:i! ltibUe;QJJ ~tllr .LJ.111Uch,u.r:,eti ~ 1,~~1i l/~rses:, one in 'l.ll~e Doo~~.or:Ii;oc,dIIJ:S. tbre: l'iecufld iI'!. 1,asi1:ua: A1I1d :M:O.:iiCt\\ wok tthe bones of JCk'>l:'iph wi I.b him: for be 11 mroidy' ~d

dffl!ll.h'I rot!' did h~'

Wh~Ll Jno.m.bJe:1t Ill.M llliR aId W~!I near, h:e liHlbd JosephtJJ "1l:iJ1J:J'1~ with. my' fillb~,L1l" and hi.!. WIth was e.n:rried, oUil Why d id-no'(- J I!Ifjf!;ph··d~ me S"am.e if l'te\Tisf:ted·o!fd i'le bllir1lil;d in Cana;!lI'l'I·F''''!I·~''Iermf}i'e. ff h'e I"fJFre:s'a~ mlublle for ~h:I=,lrRf'aeUt»~ in LIte futlJll'o :s~~c'I,Jid lm:~ ~ tDf1Il:iJmi.!! Ltl lI~e .iJt B!)'pJ,. wby did. ~1e lljj:~~"'tse them Ml on..l.y~.!1 U1ke hl.s '~Q~ ba:(.ikro ~lftj:s.b:ome Iand,btl!. tlie;mmlv~
~~CL"'C

s~

fin

lb~elUJ!dn:nof J~~I.,<SfJYing.God.':wms!.lroJy
~e:)· .1lw<aX b~i~ w:llh'

15:111111, crtx'!)' up niybo

jfQU. (~odt1:$;

~~irt yliJl:.L",;·wtd)!~ I); 19)

FmtfulWlth?·Otl'tllloill\fl$.

He nlO~ l'lftlctit-",I

value w.as bjjS'P],lZllfl~Y.? fe.p'''I'O deal vdUn t~e ft'i:imine rurePlltl~l'f11f1 Pblil;tcdoll's tle
tOf'WMt

An_d lh~ Ixmes. ('If J~seph. \\ihic~ [he ch'ilblmn fjf f!lltlelllirou;g'ht up Out 9fEmt:: Ibllriecf dl~ m, SbC!~,ltcm. In ill. p~IGr grollnd w:blG'b JaltlJb b!i~i:!lhHII·the.~ns fif lRftm~r, LI~i!4!!~1e_ Bh~lnilm ..• (Jml:~1>1~~4:3·2) u:f
Twe ,painf!!: 11.~edHiJ bee n:UlI.le

dn.r~Ii:lIl~:wh¥ d;id h~ ntJI d~)L\lI~~Ii~ h:e",?1 TI!¢I'I. ~g$iu. as ~!yprj'ali!t In.'fufil [0 ,·lncC'R@Ii:l'li!:'\mhJ:a!ble o~jec;-LS weir. i'fl, ~OIWtJS,ibJey rm,ok I]~e prec3Jl1Lif!m of ke~prllgl'11e ,Wll0feDOOOO of tli.,e ~nmb a W0reL W.'J are e:lII'entold tbar lID!same eases IdlDgli bwited lhe .In.:tnret;! who htW pltlJijj~iM~d lb~i.r tomb jul4i~ . il SU.us 10 Jk&.::p plel.;ly
'UJ:l:kD~wn.

~1W:i~.g, to the re:mo!!laJjof J~:h·.s bones. n.~ 'rust is LIle use Qlr tffiJe\vord '(~lne;s"' fIDf J"n~Dt1·s mummy. It is 'Ilrtlv.iO'llS. Uu.!u lhe.i!Qribewh® e:d~r~eJrlltr._e,
~lOrf hud
lUlO

beGOm cxnroin.illg

lJle Qri;&[i'lrlJ Heb!t:w wxts

the

~n.!.mll~ft$

eom-

idil'{t td'

lTac~ of'!iiW.!tl CU.!l~}JfTiI • J~I3.W ~taliJM t:le: f",l!rlll'g~:I'I' ~mQfJfI If brnerlll~ I'i~rve IknoW'!"! wh\!!~ to HlnltI thE 'tomb (1fJo~el~IW Dt'itHlll1 It R.Lld (lHil hc!:.Uevw-;:l~nl ~he: Yef.Se· repOrlil1g Jtj'jseph·s deoth ~ not inoluded if:! dhe- o.riglillahaol}', llun ~UEenne work of it lixller od~IOJ'_ FI.Q"· did tilllis :egm~ o;ootrrl'? Red110ru expruttrflS in A ~'!imd)' ofrrhe f#h.linll l,e
tile I A. cp]}L~l.:ir~ury ~WIl~ ~(l!Wfar i11e~£Yeol.~ ~es ll~tti
jt

a few ~lIYi5!~~gtl. The :S[lOOrllf! i~1!liruoon.l1l'l.ll:Is. [!~C jpo5!iJ!h}n tiC Ille 'illitNdiA~ ve~ i~ I3pok J'oshu!p. At comes '1l!J'1.~1:l1 OOIlBS ~M;l,SJlHclJhegruriv~· in CIll1~UJll1" !JIm at (be S th.irty-.l:hte~be:n'lJllJiies. lwqkellft IJ$.U rile: h;riI
j!lg~ di@d

h~~w'ilJll!mb~.~

bOd)'

w·01!Jl.d iOQlt; YbY>Ili, <.ifWIr

!he

Qr

veli'Yend ljt\l.!ihu:jI. 2:4~311ll . I,bme ~rses: ill1);!!"Jo&hualDs be-elll !(epo.1i~ed'd~ • (JOlf,1~ul.l2-k29J.1];i:i~ l)ruggCSltl, ilin.l' hw~ not·~ of Ith~ Origii:rHlj' ~ler:r.;;md
li'11{;1~II

J!liel\' ifi'1J'elnt:d~, by iJle ~I'lg]nul Hebre~

'teXt,

t'r!:Im 1'llbf:1~.. io":l ,,~)U ~,~, ff('j)1 ~~ th.;-c

IJ~I ~"

.'I.'1lS lhl!' Sl.Mllro:1I'tI·SI!'41!ilfnfiuu· ,ill' tJw lI.'>1'lI!CJ'ik'!i ",,'lIr~. ulh."r J"~t'rll'l<! Ir'~llb,'-'<"lli

.ntH nl(~:rtti.Of'Eedin Iltc Jlo.o;hu.a reference it! lM bones. IlrUH:lt'~t') rir¥lcs ill] chI!lflI)l,."r W of ~[!d.I1I:.'l,FIil!rift~~ 3'

,w l ~&c;#h.'bU:1 iI ~~ln;
CIfseS :il is gi'Ycni

l~e

w~e. n.aroo

itll

a.,'I'

C'<m'lmr1

In bull' Jilc.M~

llIlhllV'

m~~. 1111"In'~rl1 .rW 1l:'1lr

h~l~cIJ li1ll:.JI:t:1!1

Jeh Vidl and in fie ~r-nLI Nlating' ~o the ~OOli!' nJ ,~e wmovll!l JOfei;d't' .m'~ ~Elohim. 1'hl ag:;11i:Jl .l:n4i~le~ 11Illl1Brtlhooi'tinl'll.

of

It w·ouldl seem ttJif~1dle' l!:tler edlr.ots did 110'1lrnie ,ibe, Id~ UIi~1 (he Pa~riru:ch w.as sti U buried n n the' land ,of rhe oppll_ ,QiS ",viled I~ &tldulj, Iwd become the 1i:pm~tone wotdt:l
Iii

1.3

in til

\'Ii

reEigull1

'0

t'he.le~ s. How celse:

'be pOlJaib~.e 1(1,M€,f'tltS\ nd htIW Mo.~' the ~feR1 lsnte:lile. lea~'t'lr! wll~ ,l,!Ippl)~.dJy ,cW'lied J~~p\" .. bl!lf,le~ wi~j,hm'l. 10' ,8.i:Ju'ti, Wa5 l:en hurilid In
1111)

lti:msdf

W'lJi:'lilfke4lfllvC!

~i,rh,en~ lJioo'r

:s '.,' lUll of the: Looo'died die-re in !lIn: bud! 'n Moab, l!~c(t.rdit~g~o th~ wort.]:' of Il\~["otd, And h~ (,'!:Q,Sihp;J.~ unl.!d blm jIQ II b
~ ~lJ'tjlses IJiI::'

wineS in the L<!l'ldof MolUb.

lmt}wel.h 0r rueS ~p~l hre wHO Oil til" .' DC!JL!MiuUn

ver I'Igj.tlmH SeLh-pe-Il!':" but nn m;m 34:'-,61

.

'Th:f} rule
I

f ~,:"·s (]C'.iCe~dl;lnT '-~ Amam3' ~'ng; AmenilOn!p rili A'khenatcn), Semen'kl'lkrulG. Turnn:ldll.lDltuin ~i.'IlJ.,IMUy, Aye, who i.s ge:n 11aJllY, r~~i~l"ded~18 YUY.B,·s OWl'! SOIl---SIl'illl one of the rn,Q, l eiillmotdiMI11

'1\l,i;s~l!s. in BtupLl an L1ist0JY and \l'i!aS ["Bowed by Mother .0 ler dlfl Anl£u,:»u Age Iud iIln.d.e4- flit, tly_, A;meli1:h'orep TV e:l d wn ili~telUpJe .nlle! :ilitl:eTI1p~· u~,1II#IJ.~y U, £~il.dhiQ'nlli] g ,ru. t f Emr, replacimg &eI11 Wirh n UltJlPIO'lhfjimle god. A~. nnd chunglng his IJwn ul1!Ift.err~lJfi AmCillbnlPp [V'to A;kh~nulell'l! "hen. Ill~er 'Hnmm.lteh, 'lite Lost kiUSllr the ElghlJ... ·~IinLll Dyw.sty. bnd tepl!liLccd]i eoAmaro t!l.kinlls a concened a[~etli1l(uwn~ made to wi'~ Ut!!!lr names out Egyptian hi u ty . - i'they ha J]l,}ve c:ri.st d. 11le ,g_ods f)f ,hlYJl( ~re many Mid . ariJt'!d, ~1Jl~ II iti~', f pure.ly Iwal' "

en

or

!!.igj]jnc;uu.:.c. I~liher:it .lik~ Scll1, Ill.: and '(J!lirili. ~ct£Pled ItlitU~gJ~(J,Ul the • country. 1\, we i:lW eerller, Ale"n Wa nel iil Itl!wcumer; [0 Ithe ,. ne.

I-J \W\tol[f. ldl ugh his mime does appear in a !few texts fJ'UtIi'I Che time ~r U1~1\y,elr1h l)y",;I,~ty. ilre:f~pplW.rs,c;olls:iSle'llt1y from ahe tinu~ ortwfhmois 'ifV' wh~n III! :1s (~~l ftH;lmitl~~~ on .fi. ,*waM. Am n hQl.~1 lhe '!lion :1;1 r TI.II'[bm~s~ IV. Ja~llf bunt IJ. I ~mple IIU Al'n ili"l Nulrtia 81J'1d also ffa a barB!!: n. rued AI' I! Gteqms 111 whi...:'h M ~ai1~(l un Ute 1!l~lJiI.'C 1~ lie: '.eonlll.lC:led ,or QUc:0l'11rTl:ye. Akhenaren sing~ed Lilli !:,odOtil fro,m me OI!bcE'S. IUnH~,e dlltm., 111;;: nJ l1b .an(hrropom.!I:nl'l;;i,c repre..'1cnlhtiol1, no jUlflg'e. bUI h Wtlt> r~f.I,~crued ~imply b a ':un f21hl'C j'iI1 ,he same wa)~ 'I. rh~ ('r.oss i~,

m.

ltuJay Ute )'!mbal Thl

Dr

C~rL

'eJMiL)',

mDjnr chal1gc ~a:n l!bnllt Lbe Ifollnb year- of t\khellllllerf • reign wl1~n ~ 'larg.-et1:"Jl]jple Co A.t0ri1 WI'Hi (;}tticu,c[ 10: llile: elISl.of IlhCl g(tat lernplt! '[0 ,
,

I)

l1~e Itl~p.C wan ll- re Lri~~I1.Y painlcd s ~mc tJlt,picdi:lg iIll~ jubilee rn3i4 I[bC]dog bad cel~ brJll[l!d with Awn, whITIs, ,eJl1lin_enc~ wP indioot:ed b'y tim faOl Ilhill his nRrfl&S. like Iba~'!! {) ~drlYi5.. .~ w~itten III ~attolUiI::lil.e~. abeur the llLn'lB w :At '1b tnt cbmgcd 'hi ~ rIIRmC conform to 11$ Iil~Y malUltIleil'tie 'mligi:OJil. ~~ 'I'~'
Aten was worShipped m a ,t;:I!lIIlcluaJi!! lhll!l had
1'10

lurtuil

Ji;amiak.

AnUH'i

h ,11h;:.en c"neej,ll'ed in ~ daJrk ~hrjr!l~:ti 1U_mnk:

rfJ
I•

'ru~anl.b~Lil'h

TmnnkJulJlllm

lit" ems 10 f\aV!: '~I Ydtlow. Ankh~nwn.

[Jut years-I:!

!I1ib:etl~ ru'S ):lQiti,ll,"

,wim

by I1lwrywg

btn le'Ven. 0, 11 • wo. I<blEeti,uriJ

11:1 uaee,

a -short Lim.e[{is sueee

-me! ~ppe~g

kktiel'llden a,btlfl,C:h:ll1ed TI't.etB:.;"

00.

11if copibtl

m fiQYliI1' ,of

ser ~'US Hordrnheb.lL ,g,encrH! in tfue B~yplt!iill'll Army, who 1lM 1~~f1 de~"l'lbed .,as: .~ Jtim:t."-,'Gcn~ttll Errnn~o," (J, his tfuy and ~~ h1itiseaJ'(ll!1, dlli: LhJim1 b)' mal1Y~ng Qli~i;ll'I N'et~rdtil .'l ··!H131i. MlIul~jemeti Homuth ~lb c:olileenlxute{f Orl" re£~irim~ lJile ffe!A~!llY Itlf ~h-C' OOUtl~ i by ~e'f(U'milng tlte judh:ial''ys;t~ llncI 13 >(J1Jg Il )~'n !itrlll:ol [pumsbll'ltJ]l!i; for misdemeaJl:GIDW. 1:1.~ dj.5lllru~led m-any of (he menuments !haL AkJ1I:en~1fi
h d ',creg',ed ffIlO ,repta~~ ro.any

,Q

new o,l1e-lin
!!lil,~

AklJ:let;(ll_ n, 1J'i ~ cily (!If I h _ ill rt1Jorl-Wllicb he. biuU at 'relJ el-Amarn3 MidtUe :Egypt. h~lIwa b~L'\Veel1 M~m,phis ,~ 1behes. The fle~ cil) plnaned 1hougllIl:fuUy, wi~h temples to Aten. plLllaccs.,official

llm~ J f c.oWtiCIS and q'-lan« iii R 'y I ' 'm;m~hl1!:, A:kb,eR (n

the pa.<; - ~
pCUOlld

Ol'la 'renl.

il1!:istence on n~ 'loa itJ'tenB~' I d "~Ttt of lime- III'IW., ~tet rei }~i~- fgr:iil: nllfEcn ,;u!:!hi. be disa'p-

buildings. IlCjmlMi for ~j#JI ,oflio¢lIl'1 aad

~f lb
I~

'C

MOll
r-Ilr.

hes

r,i,s Q\\ 11.Konemh ]), wh 'fUlt:~

!1DIil

~r Ill;

ttI!rplIrl

~r,thIn)'

of Tul'rulklrr.lmuo

'willil

yearn, l'Hd no

and l11eremreeclilred the uC('eSSion and !lie king' izier, aft-I" his ,0\\"l'I durh.

Rum_lie·sothe ilfUii¥.qr ,~}t'Zi.U\l

fllil~'i'lif

mysteri luS!y." hlHii:ng t~,J[Cil.jQitLlly willi SemenlU:lknre fOt tbt ltisl

!)ton" ll~e'- :SGen~ mOl an ',equ~Uy

An!!J" I.I:uc:de'J.lth of Aye. a OOav)fICl1Iltw,J'JJ fu'lll nver lim

Nnru'n;3'

[be four
~1JiS;

tln:ee ye8fli. ih;e 'IMIDlII' aI 0: di:s@ppeared

'I!ci~ss~Id ~h!?:ir '~i1tnrIjG"Thiill

UUIlPe of .Aldleulell.

wlu}

nmngemi'llln~,.,

1:'b.m !l,:'I]m!l TurankhQrnun.

wIh~ IS fll,o_lIght ~o be:

Akben;lJcm"'" Mn'l b~ hi~ ql.l~l;Jn1 d~nill .. i!iIJ:QiJu~h some sen 1.11''';' ~!;}lje\lg' lille was yc,t tI thIrd SOI~,li)f An~cnl1(.)il:epm. T.utMl.llllt:puu all:em;pWd Ii eem-

liltferm,j ~iO',fIS "I he· I:,1IJif1,dre~ A ,het~felJ ~ADHml~I):'wa~ net Ol.llllwltd I,!J or 1 c m£!otioR!fIII i;n l'Ile '.'WQ UIld.'> (j1f Bgypu.,. TI:,:e . fi1aJlfna kings w~

re.amded as UlilUlfPtlr

r ILl\

rllrnne. and

thi!rr r:lfimcs W~

pr mise b
NlUmed

Lllle Atm beJietla!ilt1 libll'old god.H 1 fl Amarrm. to' Thebes ,and ~ op0lre !Jhe elnsGi'1 rernp~e '11'hough he, stHl
tyileeq (be; hOrU:.ClJI1.

~am,I'Je. from the ance tmI !tin

.Jjg'lJO 0_

&Uowelll A~~n, to, be wm-ltupped in the!::~y or

Th~ retig,jauli, ",ph~~;lItll, of dlese e~!eJ\lf;ul )'ctm is' d~(;'ribed ill lbe iRe [G!lItinl1 Stele ~al TUillIl'1khnmli.lR ~f-ecLe;d: lllitr cl,nn~lilll'O til!:' thmn'!l::
", • tne !emples ,CIf !.tie gl'ld'5l 3TId gexl!dc.!iiii,eS from' BI~l'hanti~~ te rile morshc of the d6!Ul Il)ld aOUe 00 piec4.'!J!, rhc stuin~ , were dC'silihue: and overgrown with weeds •.• ood the- ,!!;005,turned tn~lT oolJ'k:5 lip on tid::; ~tm& TIle S!~I_ aj:${l records tlwl tit ygung killg R: ned t ]av:lsl'l gifts.
L'

S'J,.'kka:m. ~n gyptifiQ re-wnls ignored H!orel11heJ1J '. ,~ Ilte Icing w~lo.foL1m",cd Am.enbn1,ep llJO (n~ ~hr-one and ie;t\'r i~gOl,i, i\k!.lUII'lIItWI. g' mgnkJ ltan:, l'U:~khIill'llU.n amd Arc all.ogtlbttr. The siLenc~ Las~oo ,n'tnee Lh~lllht:\.~ iliot;l's:wd ye.1'U1! ,until at [ilSl, 11' 1'1)' in clh;g; ~ J J cellillilry. E~ypmj@£isf,g mme aeress ~h~ !I!1lm,ga .fi1ruf-e of Al:lt.euten, I!flll",vud on ulilewuJ IS of the Amamn reek tom M; Then. between 1ggl. and 1893. ~l;Ime:'we _ N~ h mi, 'i~!'l' to olea.' {he '~mbs·l1.~ ITl$ ollpi~ of lit
teX'1'S ,and r Wi- fs 011 ~,i:lll' Vr'al~s. as w1ll1J ~ Ihose If lWliI .~ ooulfUJary s~llQC 'urJjil!Jft ring tne cil~. Th· ~i:m' did nm become n Ioeu of hu~ ~O\ Ever.l:lfu:U Ilhta dit!o\'eryin I .7:of[hg_t\nmma Table.l8-Oopiesandori.~~

omlimd. for ~d I iu bydos. IllS, 'OVlclas them, gi iag: Ell¢ ~illUli! Q

lzy tn v.li!'! ba:~'k the ,ll'gian ie' ,or the prie:nl'l P AI1It~Hl:" ••• lUi: h im:r'~la-en weir pmpr:rty ill ga11d. liil~r~ bronze m.d copp~r wjl,houlliDiil. he has filled [heir workfiJ\Up~ ~,iUl moJe and f~nulle 'I:n;v,e •• _ All !he IlrlJP~rty of ~he temple.'l Iilas bCC:I1dOlllbted. lripil'e.d, quadrupled in silver. ~'uld. lnphi la'Z.!JI,i. IWfiQlIJnh~' ••• wi!lHllllimit au ony gUlm ll-.il1J," Thi'" !,;l;$lll.!r'O!iH_ uclrl,l,'.xed O,I1~ ,af ;all" ,1IJ.I:C~S:lo FJI\ after Ilru~ Y'·i1r'l. 1'lJ.la:nkhrupulli met ~ i;o,linn ,end and W.IIS; p~atoo b)' '\iom!i'~)ni: WllU m l:liJ1peared to"MV9 nn li!gi,ltil1'Ul laim I .. thYu~'a·. )'Ul~lIg "1111. : yc=, wllo lUll C€V:ed Jl. v.izlef m AIthen allelil , Cr.l1cnkhkar· .md
ft·
l

inills ,of let1e;rs. ,Il,i,nUien io IBabyJ'onian ,cM~iro,nll, lhal were .,d!tsp:a ches
I:rtLWl;:e~Atl'l'n'JDhD'oo['l ill and hi son

AJ;.ltenareIl

'1lI~1 0I1~ ~l:!lJi!d ~I; &~d 1lI~'

ru~~~IJr'Wdl~

lR'OIf1I

Lfuc )lller.lr<rom IR e wm:rs ~ now ~nbW tb~ ~

Ildnd. of 1'a1',titmS l!Iml ~~'lctl betWeC:ll1l ilJ:lC; k:ililg aftd ~.~!iaiJl; of W~Ie:ml AS'ia mulr th:t Eglptiarl"GtiuliI. 'as 'wWJI tIS po_sess.ing 'Irn1uabl'~ p[riloh gil!.."41 and ~gmphic~l i"ruonnBU(;)J] abom yd.a,J?_,if~ ~6'cat a time jusl loofore'

1111- n:.u.im of 111 l' nIJ.:li£cs

fiD~

In ~;Qmm1.

Oil/Ill] U:i~ to'n~pl,gKi~r !)IIEg:y~liMli;lIS,iQl!!ti 11ile}'

LOok (0

idou."I anlil fiilclo~g

til'il'Hl-

de'Velt'1p~ ~:o;iI'Je.ro lie' IDe roots

tb~wi':lrsbip
[0

Mll.~mdeJ]"sre~if'l, ell! Illy

~h~tI.ghl

DC lU:phea'lWl iI~bo'li~f ,cl:uriJ!l~ Qfol1~.GadwhD l1ad [Ie im~~? .~lis,~u" Ila,'wfl irS' Grig~TI~ wi lilt Y\uJr~" ¥~' wh.~ wnw cl YI:I 1'4

t~0aS, S"~ 11l!fmmoved fro~Nhc t~I!llUrie:H.d~ rC'U'lloj;!~ l'lclie{s orE~'jlt-U'l'i~css Iut We:I~ J.csu~h. L1Iil)1,1Hl.f bl:t1i!;!vGt: i.n a
3~.1I~'Llll;'se ,rc.lI'"olm:i.o(JlWj'

,,gJimp$1:! ~ lb~ mi,!mrn:y in..~d.e: Us ,coffin. Ha: ~i\d U'l'i! l';Ilie-~ itlf'])1I.de h. Nle<vertl:u!'I'€:s~, ~ q.uidJy . s.fuJ,g1Gd OUI ~ ll;,ey l'rom a ]W['~~ J;nmeh fue-··('flmIl!U fi~d' 'op.ened UlC ,gJ~~ r!llUT:l~ 'l'Wj~~in wmire~1I the t20ffitl was; laid. TIl.!!' ~.11Iof 'Ll'I~fl1gmn wij."i·rais~ ~Jid I ~QQkecli i.liJ. I ~a,....-a ~~I~g;I.Ji:U', {:me, 'LiHgnme~ ,1Ii"Tm!>lIIlIl¥~ w~lIri'l1g u cruit'l an.d r
(lallifi~~ '~'il!iul1. Oou CCluJd,in~~,ln'U 1J:rn1 tiWI~(1r I~lld t;!Iletl 0l1Ily u i.lfI, d~\r nf tWO ~ru'l.itar. \Vlm.t a~[e:dm.., ,!1ttooLi.o-n 1'l!1\'1:'llL WWi [he PUSi:UlllIJ t;f UiL~ ul~mmy. '5 hands. TIII~y'me [lQ;n:n,,m'ly cml5S~d' ov~ ~he lIh.~1 in (be,
o.~jri'fll1i' paSill0u;

I'll O1IDt.'!l.ei&~c Q0d2

Tn llS

my [rG.'~il:fcch!il,;,td'led me ~o be! n:'Y 1fI1lit b!:ltb his~Dri'Cfll "'I'.LI:r~:nnd

~l.It

biblilti1~ J~.!Iel'h ~

Q~Jeuu.d ili.; sam!;

pCJS~I1'; wlu!\Q, I

n!l!UUynr:!w

((I

C.~irQ i~',19'24 1(I'!reg Uill: m~~'!i' r:nUmI'll,. ~iJrTqy!!.elf.

The fP'{,'J'IJIJutmoul' IIml'! nf ~i.r.o MWlemn i~d.fHflil'uneU b)~ a'RtarW:i~mfiQuee:i1

bof:Jf! I~andl~

w_

~iIl.an~plg'r Il~V'~"'€;VeT o;eem. the ,Plttms 0f p~ac~~ Ir~Qe!ll(llwn en lb!,;';~:b~L jU:;.I1 WI.ll~el"lh~ r:idl'l. LIS n

,h~w.

!11~ QfJlJy

,giving rei.i:tre~oo. I1Gi IQ ll1i:

~Qmrs' but ~o hi.m,'SeU~ A.flcr ILwmLf )lear!> 'if

liY'~t Y'uy,u·s du!~tuer. !i1ttiG~ns)!'.t ~D' her.hasband, Am~lihowf} '[f[ in a 11~~ge(.l{mlPGi~if;ion t:hru. is--S\1:¥cl1 metm's 1]Jj~ ood f1ve mdel'lS wide. Th~ o tl t.!Ii:C~l 1101.' nliS[ ~-m,ei n :;mC~Il:I;l~ m'1ill'IID'l h i.s:ror~. is ;sI~I'l;wn ns I h~ 1,i.ftlrli: ltte E .
I'ik as tile kin_". ,R~_~ )!~ar:i eJ!iFllL'!,~,Pfc5;j'~.llnl Anw,al"'I'lI~:Sada! Inad
!ho
.mtLS~Ul'tl~$.

'l1m~red

hUiH lo11lle"Clt};scd bt.':OmJs!3he} did lila! LhlnlUuJiuil.lg llt !h~dead. Forn .In'!!Iool'v, all YI1\,D WHS not i~ok:ed upan ,!'II g IUlY.~t~'peliSlJnil~. bis[:emnin:s weN not kept in rhe Iflti1Jmj[I1'~ }JuH. bl.:ll filll' lll~ IiI'J!,J floor when:! I'll' ~ny dlh.:"p'P{i)'rr11ral~nf, I tJi I'i,C'OVI;l.red(hat II~~ ril~~JnmyWas ~icldn au .tiJf s-i,glill imdt!le an jmlJl¢r cl:.lf&. ~wtin 10 ~h~ {¥ffioe.rI!!f Dr. MW;Jl'l'llll.llad S,Il!e.I~. [he-mu~liiJn's ,&r~ltll" llitd el'tplall[cd l11:J.~ ,WU8 C-1'iI,ga,gtld im mJllfle ri!'cl;0Rli'Cb.lf.l,l;/o1vililg 11m I~omb'of' 1 "fUJml ood WGuid .likl~ to take !>OUlC; f. kW[G-~. Dr, SnJ:eh sai IJ 1lt::11l,I\JUy [h<l~
mUIl't1l-1Y that l,d!e .vi&itO:Il8 !!hOllJlbI SIaM
-~ of l

J .full] w,ns ttloki.l'!g on dil-€.&ee flrp~n~Bmb Jdi~ph Ilf~be Blli:Jk~ Md the ~lCol'3Iii•.tltJ.!\lIt LJalew. him, t,;-Ut.f. I v.~~ rotl!'ili1l'i'~wedl bll'Ca.ioo·s O(Jf~11J1fr rn'''!!lmille. f.t wo:sU]Jcn. r6r U.l9 f1iTStlim!;:, 11m.!: 11vojc~ Il~~yie~'I' tIl,:u: rna mum~y ~fZI\\'n ~s Vtt~,a was a:e;l!rulll.)' lli1!l~ or JdSleph. Ne.vetlilhc)e!)ls~ D.r. Stt Ie'h '1;!o9mpJero,Jy ~OOI'~ me: noti.drn a.!'!d .so'bsequentl)' d~®~~I@lG'lI 1llI;)'II'lI!UUf wiih TliIDr:rI~1.~ lame!.. &~~p~r Gil Hgy.pn 3 nA mtiqUl.itu~,!I, [he' Bl.'ii l isoh,MlI~lJJluw.d. au Ibe lime' 11~ wdtl[~18,' tb,~I<:hni.mrw.n .of tile Egyp[ E"X',Ploration 1!i0d~~ JI) l.ondon. J\ir. James agreed 'w,iil1 Dr .. ,Saleh 's view, J ~ll:I.lJ'iLl~dy ~gLuroecl t<.~ !,.<mel ilm \\11'1£11 ,I ,beard "ot; U\i5 'lilJj,l;l!JU~~i('ll'l wid I rn~llIl!' lUI. ~~IlI1W.lnliflelfll wi h Mr.

~s~h.

or

J\3mCt!!:. who had ~i:nIHlt ~'~~d rlJ"'!ie;em~. J(JIgJre,d iJ il W3S:~1~l i1111C: Ulill ¥u)'11 bc:n:e ~le 'title ''iatliullr IL'}, Phi1I'H,Ofu'," Mr. JaDlOO. like Dr. 'wok
~1:lC-"Irie'V!! then

Yl!.1yas drJe

Wll!i[ll~Y

ae ,v..,tdd a~k; !be. 1!11tl :leI)! 11'11 s phiel0gmp'ber

j,

tot<~

l1i'e,~.hot.. I' w,0.!IJ_l.edl JIIll:-

-_g~d;·y.d'iiicl1 wa~ ~
t1u~!:d ,U,

COJUrr!()iro

t~~le

i'ded 'trh~' r paid for th~I'lflj ,but he:teflcJ~.cl lIn mrve fl~e ,lliiJr11:~ epell'letl. Por U111t,br,nai~. I WUU~iiJ.l1ra:V!; In _op:pljo'til the din:ciiDf...:g.m.emllilf tt1;e antiquinie:~ desl~lQTI"ent., giVUog MY fImSOD,S. [m11i~ !h.a'l'.l'hls n!l.i,~,~u iU\'IlI.VG SC-\',mr.'IJ dill}':~( del-ny (l;l'ld ~hGtmyreallons tor wm~~irDg 'see the mummy ll~j~H te
'rfO-I 0Q:n¥~nCi:' t~u~ a'l.lIiJ.1O'ri.ries.

in, i!lim;n:ienl

tbe st:mj~plllWirly one. "'~'atbCir ('Ir !he

Eg)!)lL

'S:w.m.

At ihls pt;:d.n~ p:r01

1fI11.or~l~iopy r 'Yll:y:i: S' !iTt I s,,'ii, ~.kJm fm-m tile 1;i()Q:t::. \wiLl'e n in IS(n o 'bf Tll!J0ci:oi:e.M.. ~llV is, i1fUJ pt,fm ted Ul!f~mm arnie'df i.h "m 'W",u.n m" ~ riJJ
to'W't, me I;)nly
IJflmmDJ'l

1rOulI::r of llliie Lord m" Lim Tw~ lioodll,

it
'tip'.

flifitl

niO<l jUi.1 [I~tii'·

~~mj-priesd1

~t1e fitth:(!\rof'lh0
'1;1:

!!oct

Mr. James te'FL hi!>

l:md 'IR.'rllliSsi~ ro ,cl9. Widl ~ h3;$ilIy ,su1l'l1'fil1'ned ~rew., iflel'uding a[}bQlo~pbel' ~ ti;l:It Opi:;~l;orn :aniil gu mds. luie ofLhe l'UU~1J m ' R !.l f{jt,'i ~Is
and ['m~~!om ~y
to
mjlO

~t1:r-

lr

trl~rd"(1il'e

seem~~ ~,ble

.It'!

df'! Wh31

I(ilrlic~.:;m:d ~!.Ume:d five min'mlles; le~ei with

an,s ~f Oavj;S"'s hook ..

'YIUY,floocri!on.. wlMeb w-ru;: d()~ed

!O,

the ~e'ra.~nlil

el;H::~~ed :iii I;hIZ rp:l1~e; ifsl'fug ¥~Y~l' s' litle._ S[H~ 1I':tOldl'iJ;; 01 Ilhl'in!;llript!;D!'!, .., hi! !:Wid: ""It II' ." D'!~er mm;l .n·~,·ftll::lll'(H· ~0II\Silll~~i0n. ~ ad-nlII it Is :ar! :arJdilt1nnaJ ,1"0501. ll' 'we ft1[~golngl.0 t:le!~em,f ,~QI~l1ieU't!I th. [m.!i,(.'i,.il g.O[}~ ~m:!i.a~ for

f'lu~~rc.H.\il.l.'e.

the phurug-Jtupltu'llf took lSe\'leroal' sllflts 01- [he' cornn nnd Lh!o! frUlll B'rury- 'runii'l~ r,'OfJtll '!;,iliIl'ii.!lUSaflgl~. 1\::; ~l~' w,Qrlq:apgreuecl, 'I tuolil I tll"' tn~l<I..mofn~lllil Ctl one ~jiirr.l' And ID'I,~him' I ,w<OI\lIJd hI;: _cW.II!~rLliI ftl~ n

oo~ii¥xmlli,nation:'
pti;~.

it will lO'S['Iima 'fH=",~~ru'l1rn3'lio:n of YLliYlf~ 1fI1I~Y,. u:S~l1gmDcl.ern ~~iemifie 'I11elillt'ltl~.

ThM. is Wh;_~ I 11Il'l!'~'f;i.t1tjjlp~dl:Q I~<c~e I'll!.

and, ucL au: exaolimui'arn OOnIl1JllS .In}, ttmol1t. tbat Ull~ultimate OUloorn'e ffla;,y'h P IieiiIiLllitilm of nu ojd drea-lm '_'Pre;]t&:tJ& S~dal'~d:b11 ene day a ~1:tnl1e will be billa .on the hl;.tl'j gl'lOurnd of MJ)~lt Sinai ,where Jews

'e

lJ,1Jder I~'to.eli c."'CJn[r01,. 1J1iJ\! rmap' we fin~ B ¥ 1,m'E Zi.ofl in J 'ni:s;iJ.!!lI'h nil On "illlcb rJ'lecbIJP:b uf MlU)'. Ilhe ~DLb.er or Je:iUtl, ""~ blilll, Ilnuua i'lc)l hf Ziti.Il, m e'enb~l f~os flf Im~lite -Cllre liM and worsmp.I'YUl so r.!ilr b~
IdWIII'l:ified. Where
IS

Chri tliHI~ I:IndMIDl~rns ''!WlIIp~.:o'~o ~rheFtn peace. Nabody ha~. gre~ter 01 jOl 110 be thl' :CC'~Ltpi_~i: Qf , u-c:h u "Irrlfil! 'than lIo.~p~, 'who. k'_ l:everi;d
b 1lI_{! rt1UClW,@~

~l1

B-Ul:;bnt. an,,! the ·true ~d' tity 'of m

n ._II three

MQ~.

is mJlotbcr stw:y.

~!illgiom.

We ~ \lU:th~ _ereituws of our ebildlu:md e~pe:ri'\'mees; III the srnm6 Ymf.. I b:ldie.ve -mninn~ean I'!~h vi,clim' of" 1It~i:~ pA.'l't. lTl-e fll;ndu. - W'Il. a flI'"""' found out.! d~lIg le1(perienu for Ib tI I$~il'il:es· i!,lI'IdEgyptil:ll~!). 'gi in@ tu.e IIiI,a .mYSIe11uIJIS luuwIY •. wiiJ), llcm-Ltmr fluJe stile "0 tiil~ve the Citbl!t. AHbouf'h insults nnd OrJP~~'oos: were' amswnll}' remo'mbered, nIl ttn~s ~-1i1·g_odblluulIs b tween tttl,! twa !!mUOA' were desDny.ad. In E'~ 'Pf. ~hl: t l1:~m~o'f Ul~ triilUl' ~in@_' wTtn Ii, ell I' .~ .Jim blood !il\'W1e baqned. ~ hUe ~be blibli~nL ~ivO~ lIiQd.~) ley\HIT iUp ruiy ..m'@:,I'l'H'>1F,Y ,'ill-C:~II link, ev\?tl I~ theof !rX1~nl ~f, 'lliS_g-~'\fim.g. ~Qlm~e 'the Ex:oUlu: a ciOin,J!oo ~p':amtil'll'll. II~nm Ih.e boee ot Joseph had he n rem.OIVOO at lihm thllt fer reburial in ~II$U. After tile ~Hlrna mU;:!!:iou. rell(lh.lllOJUUld 111 Jewi!iln E:x:odt.I~. : '-B;)'pl flev~r ~H} went ba-!=kto Ih~'wQ[ Ilip (11 .it'! ol!J g~d~. Instead . .fm·m the t;i me a,l' he:Nil"lre;lb;.~rnhD~n~tr m. new ruml' 0 ,(he warHh,ip Qf iQ irb., whol w~ a...... ·."inamd by Iti. hr l1mr Seth. cl lleJQped nfnl bec;.mrie he popular 'i~1 religion in l8:gypl. prepuring the wa:)' ofChris-li~l~iE' Ito ~e: nv r, Willi fbe resuh that ~yPr ~c3.m~ thl,1i firs;'-Chn~ tian nation in tJhc-. Wl'JrlCl m IDe: irst I Cf!:1ii(l1ry !\,,!P. Th'en;fl ~omplete .<lc!repum e pf th~IGDd lof Moses loOk jlhu;t: wim: 111clIo'j ~8L uf Islam hi! ~Ete ~ snth Wi11Drry .0, Pf)UtieaJ[ly~ 100, We" lnUlm&'i Lhe Aur.!.IT!3 ~rioo and 1.1] full.duh seem "[0 have hat! III it ~JJect. N'~t IODS:: afurr rlu: cl~,f.lal'1:.lJ;i!i! the Dr hoeJjtes, I5gypl-.r~U I.Wdtr fuli't~ rule. a domimlti.on !funl bDred ln une -foQl! (I tmo:d-~ om tlle -e]c; unlb CetlIU~ a.c, until a:s.'!'OC!Imd: as ]952. wh n g)pti~n ~fM _. lol;'i'k :-,ver II'Dwet .frOm F'rul)Uk. the kin!- n'! Alb.:ll\li:'lll ori,gil'l. It aJ'ma, l coin i.ded wllJl L~eIsraeli hQmeUOml1l . The j'Eii\1S, [or ~tuu ,p!I11. w~Rdered !he l~tutb fOI'.,cenhwic5. eel hi g..

~.r

wll~Vt:r th~y

Wtl-r1t.

Ulw stmnge'fs wl\O.~souls COllllt! nm res'! unnl u !'i1'1l"

QlJld b~ri re..~~~blitSh~ wrrllliOIlJ. tlt"ir Spit.iUiIIDJ f{runt{!in~ if tl J W • In belUllig Lf)Zi:('!ft~ lite .. 1-1'1 he flJIfiJ.J~-d. A n "II Meuiullie I.e: bCMMI1 vith IIil.
r(l~.I1d1ngDr ISl1icJ in H)~g. ToWl.}' IJu~wl10L of' Ih~ ~ fll~ uF Plih:~lIm'
I~

NOTES AND S,O'~CES

110:2J

nUN), wJu,Wr.(lh,f1 Srfn)

7J..tUNJ'I:W.'I!l. (.Ihe >Q:gn

of)

($«r:fQ,~!,fJ) «,:prot ,,,,IN! 111m.

He .T.(,1id.'

Abraham's Victim
~

"10' iln)' ;jon!

1 Sii.'I/ in l!f$fnn
nUll}

'Offet' !lIB.,.' ,lh ${Irrljict!;

NtJ.l/l,' :lil!e; 1I'I'har

.n,y

\ri~~f, ..

liS (T.he son) .,~Y;Ii.d.:

"0 my fmber.1 ChI ru t:lmu (jrt ·camtl,!imd.,kl:·

Th~ cllin!thJ~orl~ L Il.tl<",e ruriv,ed at reg;ilftlIing the r:elilllpnsltiJp, 'pt:lw~ Ab-rnllrun (f~f~iimJ/.3nl!~ J~fL3C (.ISba};:) &01[11: lh'c' e\'i'C1~n&; of •.lli'I~ bi ....l1eai l 1!~!iQ!l..oj; are ino(JlnI'flTi!!lie' COI'I:!'rn..~;[0,W,Ii[lt n WlU,l, ~wu(!liil un, to bcllievc. as' _. t--..Jf"
'?i

"

'f'l1tJIII~vi1l1#J.rJ,nw.

.VA 1,1t1~, w.iIlri. 'One !~f')

f'ri'Jc;tiiji,~ :Padf.J'I'!c.If'
(JllIa

CCNi.fl(JIl"r.1i;·

,CI tl3 ), So \1'/~"en'i"I~' had boHr

Ii Mn~llilU.. We ..

'were

IL:B,U'ghL ~O:lil.

Utt:Dt.

'1:l~Jl.tIim'y

to wil:mJl the B .'b[e stm:~. ill.

Wlll.S

bh{llftel (lsw:aeH" Ilk

,inl,i.~M~ $U.~jee.~ of

[moo ~. uud. not h;aa.c. w:fuQ WDSr.be. Abtalla,IifI'~~t!lr~fice. 'TI'lIl$, my mmrpmuuiofi af!lie
A:bmh:ru:n. by; his ·~6U~!i'I.was tt'Y'i.1Jg [D

Su.bmflJi.eiJ/ fludro Hl,WS (1.f1 JllkJ;l). A 'i'~ IiI?- ~ ltJ:irl hitl" Pmattflw' (JJI ,f,* It;!'ie~lIdllij

,~n:cri1~e ,~~l'.!We" alii impl.~'ll~W;l!t

f Prj,! lfti£zo:iflee) .•
",(Q

00 ,rncli uf

lJI1Q fmjn ll~,a

!<l1m:flJ] EimlTii~l~eetwm:::n PJmtlioh nodi, Bar:i:!h wu;ulcl b

IAiOa:ac W'S~ IDe !ia~riflc:iif'[ ¥ictim.. mUIl.!I1;d rn,}~1lIe:lf

not be llIos&iMe U' Lh.e \l'ictlm. was IlCruaUy krutiel.

In aCI,;'O:];llingmat TlIlt:I.Uy 0~pOS~d.,lao tnQ vj,~Wl" 91 1l1odl!:fn M1J;~~tU:I' ~bQJ'tm.I·l;rd:we~r. OD re-

(UJ'4) ,U"_ rJQ.lle4' om r'i? f~;'m.

iUJ:ftllJlJ1M

'105) ·'lh."i, h!'t•.rr aJre..tlll:tj-ii(f!Uet!

Tj1{,'

~~am1:Iii!,QiLj!l1l o:fmlll' s [cry, uf the~'tWri fic~ in,' Illle, K:O~.

~a!~

it be'1Jme;.~ clewr

viJJ;ifJn-!'''-ihu,,"

[lId~Pd'

iii! ,mf111,e cf;Ajj'rlll1l;!,~mi:& 1fi'li0It1!led 'Viclll11 ~$,110v,ar ~ml~d ~.im::!I.~. 'TI~e

·MCI1lUI'iL

g:~1iIelil! SUm :t<)O{"V(I: ~OI...i l'l,illf Ilh~ K<ru-~ fOUdiWS, imn!OOi~ oldy after H rlRCrr:m:ieu--'whi:l!h does ne; applmI' il'l ~heBibli!" but i.s.found
bl\!iw~li!u ~;o,boo]WJi,d

.Do W'e.; f.'O!;wcuw

r}J:ff)Jitl l~hl'J

tk dgffl,.

ill: dl~ Tukn!J~l----tlru r,;cmrucl

lll.!iradler, who,

","or-

(H16) Par

tt1:iS \C'l'1folS ah'lt.il'JUltiy

·shl:p,I;h~,d ·id,;:)~;f'i. ,8 1~('It:l!,t;e,~!Je[!.fie, A.b~m AJ Ii.., Iil.lroWill OD ~ burning tirl(l. bUl Gbd M1..~,e~ hiln and Abtml[T.I! d"OOijrte,~ \olOOve Ilis [1UJ:!,e:r'~ Mum ,mld I~d'. 'rlh~ltililfi;~tLI'l)I' gac.s,
t)i:1~

iI'tfifll~
I~

101lAnd ~,'f~ I:o.ltslJmed him

1!I'!at!1ltmoJ'Js
J~

W#1l. ~

l"1(lf;J:lji(:"f!i

(IOU SI? We »'I1l.l6, I~lffl 1'1,,,, -gWUi m:w:w, OJ~,,bii,>' J'lf!!J"tJ.1J

TitJ

(1 ()lU

;11111 left (tlli,~,,&.Iessi'ri,1:) Pot hif1f ~1{JI'~g gent1.t"tJ.tit1I1$.·

ffv r:~Ie.)

i~10H.i'" riItU~:

iUJ/t.,. and !fQfb.r!.ai::

.(.lO'J "f'eilr:(J ,anti ~/rJ(rJr€oJ~ I'll.'! Aht-Ql!tJmr'

t I! Thu.~i,~d
I

r:I ~ We n""f'.'11yd

7'flo.'i(J' we 1.'111 ),PtJl"

dtJ ~~/u.
hC'lIIa s one
Q1'Wr' ~.

A:ndaml'.1~ his p1: 'Bt!I1". Du:vhJ. SaIOl'II:o.ff. Job,

J'iJtJl

p/1. WktW:!s-,tI,Htl Aal"rnJ.;

Th!'i,\' d'll We I'fWa~-d T/JQ,~ ~,·fAQ.8t1CJd.

Of OiI!r Indii?Vifl
I

']2) "~lldm 'gave him

rlr

g,f.1QtI nel~"
Efe

Of 1,'<Wl~ prnp!r£lOmi uf
RigJlloetJ'u' ~ (.I n3)'W(;! ,bit:t.tit1d 'Mm afid Ixaut:
Hlfl qftheif',pliOC;l!n), fhl -

Thera: 'l& UD, nlif!lltiOO ben: gf Ishnmel nlthou,gJ1 h i~ n Mll t! 'apparu"S 1IJ~0 !lhurU, i:irtenymJ'ds, . as one :AJDRlh,wn"s d~SiOC;odlu:l.~- We come lh'ii:'ll llJl,Su.m XlX. which ~I - Ihe. f{)TIo in;, ers", afwr 'Ul:~*it~,:

a6

( ,19)1

\Wv.t'n he Iurd

'fUT'll:d

ti1:My

r,'Ii~J' ,/JQJ d" lrighl, to ~fii!~~rIO;~lm[;com,•

F,'om lhem and from Iho~".e 'W/1om ,_1.1. .. l!'01.lllip[Hld' f}(!.~;d~_flat!, We" 'h_f.Ylf.lwei/ lm~him ls~(n: €md jl'~!C/). ulUrl' IBt1t:ll rJ'»1
OJ'tJrt!7#l l'1ICii!' again II

v.'O I 1'(l?r.g.
The sequence of Un

}\ml 8l,m'rtJ 11J.at Q,b1riOlJ.rt,

ls wb:u haN perl'llll3.dB'C;l [ lamie s-cl'D(')[W"5 c"l:ondudll: Wilt Isbmael w~ ..the eb,ipct 'of Wle iflhmdcd saeriflce .•t11 plt~ (If nl.~ I{Qrllln' - fa.il1.lre to mention his nrun,t' in this,c,Dlltext. Fir tJ~. W~ h{h'~ the. diet'll ~O[il of Abr "'am I~O leave ~O'm mire!F tlil,c quarDe~ willtt Ilili fRlher: Lln!.ull the mnollm;,em nt .( a • nn m b-e.born. nil giving ill~' uarne amL1io~ 'we kl)Ow thai hhJlU]C1 ~.us Ahrabnj]]'\ fint-btlrn (If. HfH:,lh.en, me kUe.l'lded Sll:cdfh::e.i(V. fOr.)). and IOuuUy the meation of hiOla.c t\I, I 12)1,
acceunr

liT" mud;· t~IfJi'Clplu:J. lbtiul ffilrration. The samei

£~

runael ls

of me

!liccDlIIlrU

m SLIm XXI,:
~?2)Am"

n· t mtmtliaDEd. on

U! •

iJ Imv'ed nn' 11im J eac

And~ u.,. ;;m.'addirionni ~~. (.4 If,f.Jlmdscm). ,Jar:do. 'emll Wt

MlUl'
rfgh,(!.O/;fS

AHh u.gh lht; ~,i~~l1r Muslim LlI1~l ~gi'Un, il'nTghl)::r( ~fld 'oglc.l'-td.the K ~ "II:! ~ dU0 . DOl ~l'tI 1:0 11K'II.! dUo\;\!iGdUle . WDC loaic.1'b6. ~~cnl!lJll gJ~~n in 1I:lnI,' X'X'X\IIl d Nbntham'.!\ ICOllniClI: with hi fath:Cl\ '~heir St~

men (if e

'BlJi

rJRri"

{Of tll'tlu}.,

,se~ent

RGpa:mt'lOIll a:nrl'God'" !':i1llflllUlU'iCmeFI~ 'Mm IO.r 11',1" sen '11 tt'ol ads 3 place in fmli other clUlplersof UteKt~r~. After giving Lhe libon t.o "urn V~ ~ys:

,(-1)

bld.W't! gg\!,~ Ahm/umi)

I' 'aat: a,I,J Jr.l ,,"b, uml ~r.d('JbJed

~84)WI!!'

gtrW!

AJul JUIN.Jb; ~¥eIl~~';ded; Arid hfnNlI,~jll, ~V~!l~lfded Nn€l'I,

hint IJ,'aa all iM.r.-e.e}

A.1/JMJl f:'l~p:rfj:pj~y Pt:9fil~q'h(jod

,MfiJ. Rel!I!./artot!. tUJd
rilll'

Granl€,thim. ltis: re ward

111 ~'1,iJ ff/t!i,· nl1d he

Itlll'l~ fJ rilcJftt!'f

I'''S

,qr fill!

(pltft~, 1;"mmJ~)I'J

R~§.ht{!f~Ut.

eases, wJum ,1JiJ:ll! bl,g~icQf MJli!)mn th.~~ogi,U!lS would mate l!~ ~ped 'Ilifl: naml: ,cit ~s..hm~e;,hls fil'5~bbmm. to' fcil~~wLh~'dt1~.W1w:e a:f,
10 aU ,uf lib~ Abmham ifrorn II is IWlhu's' h!Zl<'U~' 3'",[1 I31'1d. he rrs mar rn~l1fJ~o:L'(ed!u .~.

/101'.!'

~lum hd!,' J

{j

Jt.. 'f!.

WoS!~ad.it i:s: llie-n~m1e;on~"Uim~ ii!f.J.!ID~fUlIJJwtd bJlI~lflU o:fhb nwli;S10",'" oo.d SfliIl, .TIlD~b. 'Jik!J. iUImm. 1.\lIIhll$h.dofJS ELc!!. me.luiwl th~ .rum.l~ of J&il:IJI. 11h~

Yedl~S .1' am I>'f'ry ~At1. 'l~d~i'~J7 ife i~ b"{H:'~~P"· w ('"fl!jlt.lf,.~' w:a/~ ,ht!;,. ~flS"w'tr.
IrlJotlJ~flfjl~ ,rJIJl.ttJ1I!piiJ{h

f~t.b01"m of :ls~e's twin SflM. s~m:s[lllinl'il'e;1i1ocide,l F.rem m:e"'~Q e:uUlel 'Ilhal JMQh Wji!$ bi~~~[meli"~ d~lid'lIJ ~B'ir. !i;uw 1l1~]1 Cilll w:e lbe-apec'~wd ~o
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f . ;3 ~"gain in Sum XXIX. which l:!onrlUns It ),!JlOPf,:j S of Ih ~ 'lOZY ('II'. :3 t ~, and y~L ag!lllT! i~ S~m. lL lvbidl gi'Ves ~hc SUM)! in Ilsll bUI[ ~fi r nl)' w.;1" 'j:'ln each ~ h:eth r Of no. "/slUt" r.!il 11la.'1iJled S~i!Lojllilc 'IIy, rn re iIs no a'rgtim'eJ:U aboul the liK:1 tJilIaL ill· i I:b I_N!I'Sir.nl in,ctmIlEUied. A. ., w¢ can ,tee. QTI 'lhe:'f,J.Il~, 'lJlR!e 'Qecu-ioll.i!i 1i llt~ f(nmn in whieb 000 onoul1eod a f{lrul00m'ng 'bh'1ih to t"'bHd' [lW'e11110rpOiren • 31 nllrOl:CI!I~all ,e~c.meRtwas m\lcl vetJ:: Mary' !!,!,IM. tl virgin and. ia WI;! case.' o(Z ctulria und AbrahiM'll. hoth ·.w,e:Nll,Iuvturlccll ~n Y,21lH':Snd Ul~if whres, Willie cum;id, a ,~ l'O'be,b~fl~ "fbi ind lcates that \ l~1LI SUra X .~ ,n pe:aia, of Ood'~ ··,alm~W1Q'ii!rI1.lenl~· (I ~. '~n [or A 11Ibam it C011.111(I 11me re erred Qnt r ls~tlC. lli.-e '0111 LOI~be b!;un Lo h:i~ eld:~~liy, pd u! pOsedl}, b.arr(ll;:ll. wHit:;; Ttl! mill' )nlne anneu fi("~me nti i$ mp'c3.I '0 itfter d ~ j IiJtmJde'd sacri Bac 'i!)j m 'Cr!nfirm tll3Jl. h3'V1i:ug g~ne Iiflmlrlg-J:t We eJipcn~IlC:e. 1!I1t.::i;onI aae 1\0. bel:cm:lt!' .l';! Prophet. Wba. mn 1I'TI'lS. this und 1'5talld1n~ is the fu It Uu t the p nge In 'lira ~!tl1p~ with tJbc intended s.aerli5'~ ends ..• J 13) "1/ iii bJj!S;jinS er AbmbM'l1 0111:' l~a~, The ,~I'11enm,: 'of AshmaeJPs nnme llBi':e CWUlOI I: jmllHled U'h wwi'.tct bav~ been ,~~ subject (If 1h ~ mt fiJice. A~ the 'lh~e. Ute- Kt1mn W;is; fii'fit Ire' ealed to th wud ·Eo '11;.,hibUcl! ~m:lIryaboul the mo-rifiee of js31lC·WM Imad~' knowfl in Arub:l", Ulfuuglil IlhI: many Ie," iSh tribes Hmt h:all !lcltltd there. If the Koran hM! Wi1!R tl w cDlitmnuJicl IJhe h~bl:i al' (lIC(."OUT1t" U \'IOU! d DYO li'. red 1!Ie nama r. hmlld .cI'enr1t in U:tiB tWi'=. in facie; W' haJv.e'flulII 'uyin,g rela~d t f\rluh<llllfl'lilld. .lhrough t1.i unele, Al~Abmb<l.~·c'mfi.l'ming tII!!L till: 'obje.el Ill"' lhe ~ rU9'(.~e Wlit Isaac, Comm__zy t~, !be bel idf !l1f J11tld~~n J,s,113I11i' ciol nrs, Lbl! earJy I'. ham.ic .d1. lnr AI- !haa! bi em:pIilMi2!~ii ~);.prq.ssb iJun U:i Crunpal:1fioo of the Pi'Ophl1ilt Mulinrnnnltl).l'Iuci1;;1- Ah aad Oflllar.,and~ Ul'rr OCGeS~Qr•• llog,remL w~m LOa .bi~l!j~_L1 tllf)' indlii. matter, A.I~Thaalt\bi gh'es,·a :ilim1il:rur necomt of rh.., il.'lrt~c:tl3ciitlc '0 UinlLW~ lind n'iJ11.'t -f.I'lmutl:. '''''al!in~ a. ,kn.itc and rop~ LIley wellt l!.Ole'theUrIto ]li~mOlJnt. l·~· said: ~·m:lim:r,a" 11'1 iIll\ltt .hORl my bed),. lesr m)l de·~lr m:rl'l:her 1ll'JJdhlDl'l-tLupon ilL an~ ~ep' r r me. Bi~d me firm.ly. :Q Uim J dQ D.O' rrn.w~. and ~oQkaway wlUte ~m::-

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Y~I l0 ~'L~iUghlf:!' Y'fl'Ur own ~\l~ as a I\kl'lc:n.fice t@ ~hlll bam, \,'1m;, nol' tMe Ilm~I'H!,~' ,Arn~la, MUSD'poiamiu er C'," r.lI1C3JtI!ll.lJl, ,01 mal, ~tme. Ab,mli.lJlln· s in ,nctilon ean ooexplrun,ed,(1IIl'ly. by ,~e futt [lr~nt be ~ tll'if:lg ItI.'! ~~['ft?}".8.
WIll.

IlkD D~e 3I1qth,er. B!:II :Abraham\!I!ti gre:~I.~· The reasan to.ltty molil!?;rfIl! M,!u'lilim :~£ho~ru"S t1ave bel! n pru,are:li 10, g~! agm.msl.w[ L1.I.e-s~,I(;lIws wrd iUS~Slmat ~Je~'s£rlfiicoo ha:y was bffiwael. ls " the ~~C't cb[lt'ti'!ey !;took the a.\ii~to 'im;pi:y. il-El i;J()IlD[ for tiTIi.!l victim. ,and Ihe.y ItL,,,ug!1;'lr me J~W5" w~~ trying 1.0 d;e:prl~ .r:ihe.~1'; <litiitl!e.'~ti!')1i o.f llID ~o:ntilJi' du-e It:!

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rul]th ~erutlri~ A,D, TIlls. Eil il,IU!:lmI. i~SB.1:d'[0' have ~:rlliginnl~ in ~llQ' set... ~"tl COOlllry ff tile Ghti~tiarn .t:r~1 ufia ~ eg;UI~~iI bad I·J.~~IJ[ eot'tv.e.xre.:£! ,at Jwn.nb. a small 10''1'1'11 !lear J~lfl\l, ~;lW!reE<'lbb] lat13!QM::M:Jl! Zlt,kl ~l!I a!1~Q!"~ ro' U... t;uUr.willl1g lim cle,.Ojjtl\lcliQI'I,af t,!>ie l'!lI1!1P~C Qr le!i~p.Lgm hy e TilllS·S<ItrOGpS iU] iII.D. 7,0. l1lJ{)' Je-wimru.u.h0rititl had b~nie ICDrlL'llJmrcd, that '~nt:Jtws 'ilII''I:lf'ClJ;iJj OS li,everoJ 'fel'.f'ions ofbihUc,lI,T 'f)n('Jks, espe~illill:ll ,ill::e)r ~l~ir di.i$i[fo. Wh~fl I'll e w:-ilu~QI .Vl'wbecw:ne UtI} Dl1m}: WI.mll urn j'0r !ew:~~ Un:ily. All J,OOmJu th~ f'm'1l n:nd ,COnilZ:m oW lI\e 'O~d T~~~i~t w,erre
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Hebmw. I.ik~o~ber:Se!ll1itic 1.a]~!e:s,a:8 ,we:l~a~ .Ili,~tog1WI:!!;. dnes mn 113\11:'~~ ~'fi UEll! vmve hi ;mtl, .only' '11~n~ l\?Hm ., W" 6v(JW')'IIJnd ••Y (YlJdfl) ~al1' h~ lII~elil~'fiT"'0" Micl··r." Ihjnll~m\u~"I.h~~eu~1'",M" (,hi'1f sao semeI [ti.m~ be rea.d!.ns: ,(It Yow!.;l Ji\,) wh.~ pliilte4~,I; [.b,ijj "'ntJ·@:fi! ,~~}!id. TI~e-g;tJ:e.~ ti():n uf blre pl'Ol1l1't'ieiuiloo. 1fl1.1il thus: jf!t!!~'~otllll1tQF Li.'ii~ ~itt.ff!E)(J n'!il'llH, ~af.[
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Yel1lt" H~bre MiiI.!,I reljr; '1l:lCl is I'lint the only ICanon ~'~ ha' u CIT,the. Old Te.d.mliu.'!lnl. Older man iI, '\/1.'85 lb G~ W~L er AI -xooWin. Hew. that ~ifin:.rumi! idr~lheifli& iSfie[!,OflOO it1 a lerce!:'writttl'a by nD~ 1l11]tfiowu 1it~I.11Dr
.ubOlJt 1(')0 I •• : ..,iPtofemy Il, King

AllhDgb it s.e~m that it Wi!lli the llool~l1Id nol ·oses, wln:n~'"W1lve-tltbe 'oIliQr(1" Oil stone Oil (his QC!:r, ·Qn. tb:rte is, u~ R.":W un t ' .d.t'll1f1i Ule bibllU;:aJ' idlltemC'IlUi li1al Mus~ WIlt; able fur wri'te. I: e would nq have 'l.i\'ril~O ~11
·eititF.'!r l:~bLW Or . ~i

of Egypt (2M5-'M7 I!U:_}I. ~ pel'S!tlade1 by the I. andrilm ~ibmrioo to lmw a Gwck. mn1ntion 1)Ilade or dl Bjble. He . ppe.aled ~i'"(~e Higb "ri~~L or Ji ru 3J rn, y.'hQ mponded til' ndlng
- \rellty"irwn I.deir's rn Ale~mmj['i~ ~~x,Sdloo;arn' [!tim ~h ttibt~ u [snicl. l{lgeLI17 .witlt Uil Iive beaks of the Old TeslrunenO, wrir en 00,Il!l~

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the til(ll.1lcopy Qflh. ,Penttrteucl'l in ('lJ,wk. th,e i(;ing.. ,. Ulle:r 'lh~ 9.~~ booM. ~t~. O~d Te8:U!.ILI~flt W&I'e itJ~~t' lf1l.MI;ucd Llilao'Greek by (lth~r ~dl{lIGrn and the W~I:lIi! wotlt becrune knriw!l:· the S t;l;illgiIlU., W ~iell'mcat" ""l1Ie- Sh-e:nLy:' The
10 Jir~

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N~i'ih r weu.hil he hne JeaJlu!d 'l(l ~dl mtI,wr:i:te ~'ld.i:m. tbedjplmDLi~ I' ~pgc fi[Ju~lma, w;-t~. K. fL m.l111. d Protr4Swr 0, 01 d e,"l:ran ru Studlioo IU TtlWJ1:LO Uni\lcrs l-' I' sUMel;;tij(1 in
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flTlttr

~pl'l. •., stmy.

lQ:lCL hel':altte di~II!ible of the Ore~.k-$pM.il1g Jews. W&: id_l d.istdhul:ed 'lbir.Dl.lghmJl tile - ,].t;!'ditI!JT8flCilll world-a,TId was ~,d.optl'ld as th-e Slb1!(: pi' 'Lbe early Clun:dl. cnly ~ll tie ob<lr:ltlonoo I~r ill ta~r of the IHebrew Mb:iOl'Clic text, 1lo:da: .. h Wf!¥ei. ~114' IlLf3irn.l hI lin 'U{)oo,ti~ th,e O~~ S Orth.otJo Cl~UI'ch as il amh rittd Bibl • f-la'i.rjus J'1).sepWlis, 11M' l~wish lIisoorilm, of pria,,(1j1 ri:jjn WhiM ~ born ii~ .31. L\it: ytl~ uC tb~'U(';QIZ5ilUn of CtlUguia in Rome" and woo \iVffi~e '~() ""'.;0, th0 Gl'¢!!ks and Rornan boU![ IIi p.~ple·· 'Illi;tqry' and !A1ID!. 'as Ul~ 'aIflJi..L ~ fu,1! end ~~r lirsl cemLlf)' r!. II ,.1011, J!J1Ulte!be ~b 'dl of U:r- Old 'TliiSluml:IlL. . l1u1y ,hcio,k,"!,:' er h.iiIl, I.h ~$O'nlti j I;:bru~:(:lI.errl'!l'ii: ClIf !l:'llimlYij cal St;ripvu:re was moo In::o.r.lSliJlUte:cl !lJII!;'Irn:OUFlootll€illS. flf UJilll,uelLlDn.e'd aultl:uority 1M! l',Irigimuoo. wi'l1in tbe prophetic: ~'leriod and were umremre di'vionely iTh!pircit. BuL wltl;Q.,\\fcre J'l~elmpi~ IQOO!; nf'Goj 110;r \\'fi:tit,'m dow:J)'~ An ;';,1111'millLlol~ adm:i~utcd Un: Hildlors'hipof ·~he l\llHaI uell tl1 Md~ \ 110l' U1tl:dil me l~b1.!~l~ 011wb~n wrhjng i 'l=!l!kontilJirDed in Ilhe Bible For rh . firat lime in 1M Donf fit LlIJISr~ ''Then I he LOrd 'smd to 011'00'"

ue 1B,t;fP~ao (! tbud W" wrilingeII~Ea\'l"ing nil Slwnt:-whtll0 Cl11iJ!rltcim1, litilll.1 ~Y!liSLI.'iilllilly tlo~~ w en ~!3;jI. 1"he Book" f Dellw.rnnOlIiilY alsu R'..GlEmi LMfeo at Lite HIM ,of the Ex,Uus" Milse~' ga:~ hili r 1J00vm instm.1J iens to e-we1 11 !iltG~f! (811 upright ',;;1alilOf l/Ijllar. us.uall)' Wll)l itml'riplionl and sculpture) ill (he Em:ni;m lliillllne:r,;-"; •• Mooofn:im!!l Lhi! eW·m uf Israel: Clommlll1dtd ·LHt: pel,lpl~. "K~ep: ',ll:[J these ~nll1'1irn3nd'JS Ithftll ve y, u lodn~. WJ:iL!!Ili' feu have cm$ild me J rddn the land Lh [.(;lI'd },O!lJ;l God ih g_i'V~Y@l!I~ sel up'ome l~ltgn tones. nd COlli them with P ;'ll!IW'.. V rite on them nlJ.tlhC' wards, of wi 'law •..• ". :rhi ; mr:.rulil:l d~m tile tldgimlil bib~'iI.lLd wrhmM lly 'Moses mns h;;1,v~ lexl ~.:in Egyptian. L1 was lali'r used, to'gt:~le .\V.n~ ~oDle!'1\al~rial bttflS-mil1!ed (HttUy. to, oomp~e loo. oorli~t 'writei'! He'brc - lr:.xbi unlund h~ n l(u, Agnul • lhi l.t i.s aJ 0 "!P1wl'itmnl 1J1aL~ u~d Ak~U(Ii;m

nu

I A. S. ~·tihC1~

WI' 'Hel(lrc.wnntl

MbU~h;clitlll!ll'. p il1lb ~Ilt n.n l'IiilI bl'lt:1li' '171£ ,tim 11#1:1101' qJ

11K!P..,fI_I!)htW.'" (II it R, 1,~/lt"'1 F.1V}~tlt.m.

In ~h_ "~~111l{

':6fll'

,.Iifnit 1.1

lher..:tim

Mol'i'es. *\ rite dlis on a scmU as semething

If.~

[0

he' lienlembe!1ed rut make

Il'~:<

lid. TtlrIJs,oT ~~.

'h"~114l:! me ~ UI1\1~ual JQliId.1IPPIl'Oir sO ftlrel{!1'm.m I <!idinr

we hnve the sl:atfl'me:[;I'C "Me cs WI III \l,'ft'Ire M~~11cverytliiJ1tg Ltie Lord hru:l pjd:" foll,>w,ed ~ho~t1~ uFnH'wai'd~
lilOt 10:5110n Itllruu

it: ..•

n, ,UUet

yet 0 (bird m'er~nce l v ntinl wh~n kIa LCl,w B gi"ofan

"Th
_ ,tay h.erl!:, .il~i:I 1

Il

M(ltse.
11')

,I'1i'!
l

,dill:" 11

tOp' of MOl,lnlSmw:
mOll1l1ru 11ntld

Lord .aili! tr Mo~ 'Can;! will,gi vc YOIl! the ruble I

I

tip
U

m"

Si!m:u! •. ~\I.iII IIh:t:' I

~w ,and cmnIDlli'ld:s

I hall'e: \vrl.tten Ifor tAl ir iT):I;[m.ction:·'

prtill.ff1.tM- ~rezy fmrn 1m!!OOlU.U!. mi 'Ii .~'llJn.~1l1~u ,·hi !:ii. , 'fir 1J1~'.~ ~ ifn: mrtd~,rpi h,~t.I1JHl~h:1:)' 11:1, '~;pifin, ~ o:r JIII[llJj:a;~lIl"Ll*r ~:~ i1~~Qsees rm !H 1iii!i' Irhru ib HJlb~ lIi1Ii1l'!llr tu.tl1pt~.1 ;g)'p1~00:1 \1" M lind 'I'~PI1'f!<"" l~ Illlllll~ JtV;.trph ~IO,I)'fn E GCJlI~l~ ... c'ri~;Jjiiri· USj,'~1 """It'll J, ~:ph "fJ,elik.o; I bj,ji lnulh~. Wm. ~ shm11 ,[ ~nd A:'Or.iIl~!i w~r~'re:gnrd'cd fly !til Eli!O'fl"i lOS. 'I:mll~JEiIl:IIS, Hi!> word~Wld ~re.u1on!i :re Jt:ill,., Jill lh!;' 1~II~ri.J:iif,lmtt (II" !til. r::~pUlltn high bre«lll~ ru:td ~.lt' Ilbtmttr~]r!H:f)' In"r!y ~'¢ptiU~ hnw~~lll'l~lb JJl.Ilc!lh p!;!.yl!!1 ~lm~It." llj"a gnQI!!.i11luI!gyp[iif ~ 1ier~1'I: hll::r'iu'i!':IIl!iiil
rlllliT [Ji.el1111 .II~ 'I;IU:.tl1l~~ 'mPl'!! h
111 ~I!I

r ,<I hi",

hnHh\11:

:'

hac gmli1l1iflLtJtJ~ ~~a1'o/ay ,tf:I e fttJlfli:OO cruti~SH:WY '¥Jb(j ~ . t1dn~d [be ..'hi'llmiml.l \ '11]] of IhC:.lilcnnro:mch. TtH~:SIl:critics !:,o!i!t11cd 0\111 the tnnrt)! romumdiclnry wr&Q'I1R \\'J[hi.rntile mn~ 8C~lln;L 1.1 mislak.~!llli ioolltifying lax il;l]!{CliIl C'b.a.m:C[~Jli and pbl!l.'ei, and ..dll::, !iii! de!" lrulj Itl'II!~ und m~·tt:LOltllPu411.1 im Tpnllall01l5 [baLt m:ake it 311[ ',. cept mlJuh tltt! Old "~~m;al'lt \feE'S cm,fe.l,·imts,,1lS rHClUllL A ll~d}' as 0'1 .. l'iriil ,et1Itury 0, Lh 'lC'hvh. tlin ,era i,ILwJ.l.fl.;qu~~oll,cdoperlll~. l~ hu,..t:rnaLi-i4C LQlm'G A.pji'JIfd\ti'EtI~Rhivills J~phiill!i 'itll~ M'lSUS dun 0 ntliU.be:rafGlook Lu ~oFil1OShid oo')JUled hi etu',uw- '1I'¥~urk, 7'he 1UJqU Ii 11. t11 J.IHU'. II ;wW'ch. bC·'aid. Ii bad a~ra:t~)' d6.SCli'ibed

1:l1efa;'1 tbat Mlilo$ S .cou.ld Ill'll' pessl bl)' hia'V0:wriuC'rw the at:clllunl afl;f
daB!!.]] LMI ,n¢e:~urt

,{lWIl ~ '"And

br:fQmc (h~ ~

dim"

.or

l 158$-11(79)11\,\13$ ill1CJ1her ~dtic, talcilJ;s Lhe' wew dffil i.he wri1ittg f the. P'lnttUfrurl1 l(JO~ p~uce loog afler r..:t: !'ie.· de.illlh. n hisboek TI'm1I11t1.I!,"·rh D/oBit..'(i·Rolttl"~I'tJ..\·. tl"~JewIEb p~U'CIS'

M'ilkS rhe ~ilint ohhe ... t:'Ii~dd,~ 'fbe EltgJi:tl'JIl?hllo,gjjher ThQmllL'o HIJ~~

om

"he. Book of Dellterumun

inn lelah, astb.e Lord bad said."

(phe·1I

S'Iil,mnfici Sphl!il'i5a (1632-1611).

'wl1o

\VaB'

a 11OiUomer

gf HDhJ),.~.

colll~in'ed d1~_I'ldn, t!ddng 0 b. oorlhi'n 'Ihere ,n: m," He 1'11' ilii(J tll.l'" Lnnl nor flmre a1~d)t ,~ rlid a. oilfli:kting ,;ieeOIJlfli. of ~i! E. odu iJl'''~ IUd ,been ret'im'dtild by Man~. l:!lie linllcl-ue.IWiD)' Egyptian bi510riM. Wfli A~.anWi!L wJuab hud bt:CDIDI: [be center 0 i(h:ook euhure nnd phi.laupITy, t Wol, "ohl~l'[Up.lIS .• t11.e ~l.lI11iu~l (~nQ~'li~h:udi~r.Wflc Ledlibe 'l'l1i".$ uh 'lklPOTl Ut~ [MI ot" Ll1- Old, ~esmlUc:l1t ~ 11h¢ .~e:tjlflil ~nlury ",.D" claiD'liflg 'lim 'el't.UJin:put,,> 0f tihe IJqn(l,Ir~u'1; nnd Ill' ~rplfiJ; weni: nell anll':rel'llfe., wJ]u,e Ilbe greal Plo;.I~em.y. the ~lJdlus:er ll~U gtogra:~11I!Jt of J.udiaill origin. raised lhe:basic questlon of rhe on ·iLn 0r the' Penmll~ru h. Iln a 1e:n.erennraiDmg Ill. r~um~f11 I~RMuntl.aml;mg~le QOCIiUU.·{lts"of'lhe Gr~et W'I"~tCl' E,prpUaf1'i'u • JiI[O~l!IIliY t;f3:11t1!ud:cd linn £h' Ilvl'l hoO'~ or n,e PenUl'tnucti untib!,u.ed to IIO'.'~·,e uld noE I)Q~'1 I ll:Ye cornu It lin tIli sin.gle amhor, bOltnlii${ havebeetl (j' 11:1pm -tl D... MD·es f~onl lrue&:
Sllurees--Gmjl, ~t!tt

.he CloJri'tIilI'US. raf iJn~hmt lewilS-l:l t'iec(Dfd~. '~qe-.il~h.fi::nl,.dding ~yUlillg to 'wl'utl,ilil

Iso cluirhl, ~t~led Ihe :'D~' au~hi!)r;l.hlp ln6 Pontaiteucl" ill j, til!!lG lbnl'[M b'o ks. from GC.l'l'CI· 10 Kil1lr [J w~re rli~ ~urk 'l."If Ezil(a" dlJ.i;' '~Ile and .Hebrew ,..~I:J(liu.r~ 'l!iiQ liii'ed during tlW Ilfth ~Cury a,c. A ,y:,car eli ~ pjllg74! death came a ftm:hill1" SSlI.llIll ('mm Ricl,.umll Simo , hill' finm,Qi1

prf ,olld biblloull.:riu.a .. wno de-daMd iu hls book l1i.$Jliirl! ,crltt(,ilf ,dri iel.U1 Tl \'tWlttN,lt tha ,the ~el1'll1w~J:h'WWii 'rl,~ T~ult af a lo~ p~ eess 'Ii)F ,tompi]I'l.Lian nDd I1Ida litUl r ,llilimaJ b,y 3 guilicl o:f'''pub'U sa-iI e .," A, r~w mOl~tl1!i. 'fief ~J:.(:! book, Wit"! Jillihil'lhe.d d'le' Ff~cb JBJ)I'SCl]js::t, Jlf14el'Qd ino"bc dee nnye L 1ft ~n~!i:ir .. howcver. I:lw t'irk tlllne It be rogartte-d U rh years fU..,..L l!llt1)·l1IIp .. ·to blea:1 t.ht .Bible as u lherwy f!lJ10d'I.ICiL TI~l!d co:~e the IJmin~ !!,orm iQ he 'hi lory Q. biblieliil crith::Jsm ~i.ILh the idea!! Of Jean. Astruc: and h If de\;'el,op'ment b)1 11.1TClil,Wne.m thom~ ars, dilie'l1y from Oemmll},. in, ll1e liraL hOlif of U, J(jm~':CJ'Itb ccu..t'UI:Y, '['O~1. , . Jowe,d by the wurk of Om: lind WellllQl~~lI" who. r~garo:lled,the NnLamUd, eSHetuiulJy Qf Qnml'osite ,ongih...c:ronsi&tin'g f:
.

mlilde irthe Q'ffiieia!"re,ligjon (If tJ"t!' ROi'!l·1!tl Empiw. Iln~ ,11e' d:ec:isfofl 1iJ1(! ChritUinDl Cnun "H of LoWiida In 3&3 I'D 100»:U(1 the Old T-es13f11il:ml bel: ks ('lh~ (;1; . eli text) hi IJ1,''' Chri rlan : nm befieJ in ILIim divW6 im.pimtion 3QI.I
~IJ,31

r. C'brltiafJilY

Mose;.<; hhns.elf'and

tile Elder.i'i. ~=rOWRv,er, witt! l.he·ar;lc,ep'LCOQmmjilJc

111

by

dle Grenl.wb

or

Bucth.ormip ·of lihe' ~'Gl!"jpwres !itln!ly m.:.tt'le th~ mb~1: I!te' 0111y !<If:GeIJIalb1c hi [OMtd ouree. up to tb~ eniilof ili~ Midd~e Ages·. Wi'Lh I'h I gjnni'n.g olt' l~ IN: Iilai .ooe. when rt1:M deciQed I) 1i't: ~. mine L'l~'p,re'ii',iQ,~my aqce;pl:ed CUll i(;ri~ns hl ll<L~ 1~g;l1ltt1f the scicr.t I'll. rule' h 11:00 ieo,,~~d.p wwtd Q!.."w \'oi~. 'WCRrakl0d L cbnIlcl se Uw d
betief rhar Mose!I, W'mli! n~~cked the "[fl:~ Flit'S!tlve books
,0
I[)

l. A. le~ov ••,ti. sourCe J , thIt1ng fm.,rn the ninth .o~f.ltu:ry . ".C. 2: An EI'ulfl~ri~ docw'i~lU(El. ,atiJlgfmm I~ilie.i,gluh cellU,lfj' a.c, 3. Th beck of DCl!JEli5ThG:my !D). W be ~rd~ as :I S~[ila1'll~ source. dating ftmn ltle evenl"h1ce:nmry B,C, 4. A pries; ~y QlUC;e(P~. dl1iing 't1JID unOllt me lltth eD,lll!')' 1l.C', i. TIle; wOf..k .f~t:-<"J.nIcdi~.ur 'wl1,CI~vi. ed and eLU'l~d the e.nli:N ,caltQCti~;n
around the. L'l.lOnd. 'emu!:), 8:('.

tne e...tisIl.Dg

'Pentateuch. AndliC.mr, Rl(ldgkf MQdesteID , 'the Germainl sellr taJr I

um

[l·... ' L

nt 1I11c I ~ II,.
Irl1]l

THE DIVINE NAME

When WI: eUl:>w ili.: doeUIl1£ru~tj! luetprj.'Uo 1ft Wl~,n"~hc: eli" [ne liUll'l,\" II ~ri1(!l'nun rflr ISlJuroeIlm~I'y(ilu, or lilt:" Jos.aph sNlry, we fi:nd l.h~~ ElClhim
iI~

Mosaic aullk'i~hip

'LhcP"·nw.t~ucb. busing hi;!. ~g1Jl1WUI

il:it.

L:lhm1C~r&.\

~s~ in t::lgi~nchapler& thrlilllgn:\1ut bl: story, rn~f~lyi61i1e'ULt!al!'anC:fi~ of Ithe hU_ YtaJl ,cl is ~ in only ~ne ,}DJlP er 39. Tilus Llu;l di' hj~ n:-arn~ aIDiie::m:i\O! ~rlio\.l.gh td!l OlSiiist[ I1Stl1,tlNidlrtg 'Il':!¢]1.1'Seph !ilOr~ into

'. Ch.40: Joseph iii prisO!'l! wllo:n;,"h interiM,;; liJ drearins Qf tI~e cupbem~ ood' dle: " akef; V'll. I 15'b om,e from (J) ~'Ild \I~1.1:._15a,
1,6-2:1" fmm (Et. • ,-'h. ':H; T~lj~ elll!:ptw. dwiUng with F'l1atai'lih. '1iQ$;, aprpo,inIllDe'lit a vi\rial'.

1> ael

(E)

!!l.OJlIiIEml.

r SiC'

h's wdicuce

willi

hr., B~'prl~

l1am~ ~nd

THE NAME OF JOSEPH'S fATHER

'hI! fatherin If l~1i,nlJ' l oftilm teful:1:td [CHIS ..·.hcir flUb u" when Ole broLlbj2rs am nlernl~(med OJ "hig fnl.h!:li'iJn OM ,~~ or JUlIlJph. Irm otl-rur- t:'KGS l1e j~ -

iEgyp1lian. wife. and lllu~blrth of IIl:is, ' Q ans. bolUij EO IElexc pr h 'tor ~. 46., ,gtvi"l jo:se~h'" a,ge '00 lhll1Y at LIte rilliC. ~vhlcb IS rill,
pri dy ,Im erHllll (P ,

'err!i~'t~b)

nnIl:l:~

lacob. hi odgblal ilInm~. urul l_!i"tlll·l. lli~ft~

, UI1~

g~vl;:n110him h),'111e Lord" aUemi,1~~ lnroyghnl.ll'th.eMOcy .. oo~h ~~rill~ in n_nll:en'- erses.' hi- aJu!nilitim'lt,of Lb,' f~hcr'l!i 1U11fl hI!! bee!1ctepredas' I ~'e, PflIl'JIiI: I ll",c'lJooe-Jl~l'}' <JUIOC'S beh,lud III • JOsepll ~llIry.

TtJE NAME OF THE GOOD SROTHER

Til
j'ilOIT'le:)

kill him. The ll~~ludlah and Reuben nh,o w.in_·idewith Ina;!. ~'cun',e,nce !Ill Lh!t ~ll!l1il1e. J -ru~W ad Ja ob respe 'li ely. Thi, ahem [GO! JOt ~liiIe ,rood tH'ol.b~r·'!l1'iI,Ume ~tl1 ill been n.l;.':C~pte.dlillt ~ VllIUd crilmon fOfOW'C"e nn.al_ysi.. When ry,' _p",ly tlhr';~ nW!ria ti the Jes ph SIOf'Y. we llIom~ U'llne
~ollc\\l'i 11i1lcal1d LL'iii'omi~~ t

brnlher~

\"'hOt

J J,ud~lI1tnnd l~\-Iben alilq altemi\Ll; in. lhe r,,]t: ~,I' 1l,1~ ",~tntl ~ri1 [Ill p;rotec lo.,eplt. ooun niTil~ U'le ttl ~:r mtb,eo;!lO'~ 1I b

ij,

OJ

C~, 42: w. ~_J,. Jaoob, ,!lul'uiing lis Will!! t!g.e~[n BsnjnmiID.. tor, Egypt i.!q ; \i ".5-7. ':'-'l1etclotePJ meel llis hltl~e'f'. t' J ; vv, s-'-37'" with th~ nocut~l'inn Of li'p}~ing.tiicd dllowil~g !he ~rotl't~:r.; (J ~ 1$[ the cbup,te:r. in. w'i1ich leave with 'iImmll. ,is lB· . J8. the 1 (1 thtl father refuse ~Ub~D?1i tFeqlJern to let Bcnjarni'l1l ,go, wilb 11m br fhel" bj, Eg),p!:, is, OJ. (lb. 4]; The iliU::COAMl,l of Ihe. brotl1cm" ,!!~CCHt~ vi$iI '10, Egyptl ,WlrJ rh eir lUlL I1t ~ 10: eplt! _ boUse 0010n.8 ~ (J) " pare f1i~m v, l4 I P) Md v, 14b. c C ). Ch~ 44: The ~u:safan ilgarii1stBenj~mniJl to ke.ep billU in ,E:~yPl, tI'Iaf ,~e bas, tlUIJIl;l.1l JoSeph', cup ~(lmes-lmll' (J). eh. 4;5: Hi)~eJIir)S~ re t;3l I::tims.~"fItQI,ld , br'Q,lhers, and i.I,skii tJlenJ
J I.

brMlg ~l1e,i~rthe~and fitmW~ !tel liv'e ill Egypt: ~·V. I-Hi, re (f'Om (l '" VV. 16---29 «run't E:). ,_ . hi 4l],; The J.smeIDH~· cl:~lIlt mio IEgy,pr: vv, lao 2Ji:=-J4 Dtc (1):
tU

,ell.

7:

bis chapter. <:pmbinution

, 'lory, i$
iO

ru: rh

hlch i-ntroauc0S, me

tJot of ll~e Joseph

II

~u(lahi mel versil~Il (J J ,iWId 'the ..

lllll~

are"E: v ,. D'~ P). also 'VV. _CF17' !lving che numer ~'1rr~J:l's, family tl'b'Jl~en, dQwnr !o EgyJl. Oh. ~7: Mo l '(olf Lbi~ chapWr. dealing \Vim Lh ~~t~l~ment in
~·V.j ~

R~btW-Ju.L:; b ersien '(E.l, c.h. lB., it:QlicrrupUng Itb.l-t' I'lt!lr Qf Ji.'i~ eph Ito ~P.t111ILllt'" c~tlnl
((jak law, behmg to (1). Ch. 39, c~ncemin~ JQsepill in Potipbinr'boll!16

Goshen OO'Idlite aifUiaOJ J-tiamL';;, e'OIIH~~ Iilm ,'J). with me t:'XClUff' Lion af ,-!li:ob·. alldi I'lll'e wh:h .PhaoJ',3,oh (v,"'. S...[ '[) and t11, [W:i,glb

_Pl:a~ in IQinru:m l'>etweMl Judab md Tamar, hl'f ~:a<llgbler-il1l~

and tile: ~Ja1.iou ..
ttl

.,

:!ihip wi~h his ttI~&i!f!o, lM!iie, belcn

IJliCtL~,blll~h

IIltnesl oompletdy

(1.1.

L ~.J9,3,6~.:h 4l.".1; .J~. \1\ _Ii 27; "It. l1. \"\,,.1 '9. ItO. 28: bmellippNlJl$ mcll !tt1.w. J: I~ N 42.' Ii: l~1 1 . \ fd.R.II.~b.45.~!r, 1I.::!S:~h,-l6"\I~ lill.Jl,I:cll.47.,~w,27.29.1t\'I!tkll.5tl. ~ 1,
\1\'. 1l"mnl:tl'd/lll.l n (''''! ft"1 '/N1u-tlll"'lr. 1 ClIlUtit"l.

'1,,~'~ II.", :'4:ch.-1i,

"I,

lru1.Jm "I!

I{

l',~ ,',,., "'jl·tII ' ~

• C~.48: JQC?Ob'jC'~c ':4 hv •• -Jo), Qmes!tp_m (ID; iUoo s prom· is!!: ltD la~b ( v, Jb-41 nn'~ Ra,clUlI~~ tburhi'l ~fI Bel'1fIleilef,:q (~, :7) '0100 ftilm. (PJ; "krae'l'. Messing._of.1o!;cptl' SOil:~ MooasSch O)Hi 'EplUrultl, b.clongs to (J It, 1., 49,: I{V. ,l-ll. which mnk-awp llfte- rmrrnliom knnwn as "'The llcnedi~liot!'n'f I ,c:tM)," 'conUUIlJIlI::t'lb·. ,b,I~Siiifl.; 'or me:. mehltand l ses .uf T!ir~-e,lt'CO!1bllin dei'llifn~ ~fbotb,C' 'aud E" and. are lnoLirs'hl
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'Who Was, Tnya?

lm~r'lld1lJdedill Ilhtl l'.i>LllumII!IInlJilUh~[Is J'rom whi,ch it ~ ~ 1111,;0'JCYiri Ii 1i~l!i;l.Wre.' rllil' 'I'b~t:Iil1IJll~ QfPQr.ilphw-' ,W'rnh'WI1.<s ZeJ]t:tl'ia,Th.if\nanle I'~ ~ttt:enl frn lhatl~ IM~'I~attrtt'ld kijn'inic narr'dillOl1S.inn ,tb~ ngyptiru t did n inilic,utes fum H w~ :!Ih' wll ~a
1;"hem i~ M EgypIiHI1~ltinll, l!iveDlo JQiiepl1 in rn~rirugll.l' One ,of Tllj' l-5 :ti~'esis/duffet

'amj T. O. H. Iil!me~,~m~ LIDI,L mighl hll~ ~ 1\'lt.~ , mem~tlr 0 lhe R,qyal firIliI.' . He ' mlfl!,mt" ~n site The Ufo' aRd flmc,s t?fAklll!fWll!Q: "Shl! ..•. IIll~~ ve biet\~ imlwntic!', llhe: h (.at
.g;n:md,..d~hte.r of T lIIdnnusi In. ILDWham sne been mille like"o in ,[000. QIlI~!11'i:y~ "QiWn, called IRoyal Daug!hlci[' as.well IH, 'R_oiy:mJ Wilit,'mld

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11 r uri's 'RO)tnT Ifnudn'IWd' [c lilU -in- ~6ng)" lb- fa' ure-d "lit!! of H.a~liIo[,· 'the i"a\lm.irit:c oftlileking." 01 til:I':"'f'hz_clJ may in~i ':)I[~ illah:h walO
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