Lu

Ti liu ny do Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin, B Cng Thng ch tr bin son. Nhng quan im v nhn nh a ra trong Bo co tng hp t kt qu iu tra kho st v khng phn nh quan im chnh thc ca B Cng Thng. Mi trch dn thng tin t ti liu ny phi nu r ngun Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2008 ca B Cng Thng. Ton vn bo co c ng ln website chnh thc ca B Cng Thng ti a ch http://www.moit.gov.vn

LI GII THIU

uyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph s 222/2005/Q-TTg (Quyt nh 222) ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2005 ph duyt K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006-2010 l vn bn quy phm php lut u tin ca Nh nc v chnh sch v m vi nhng nh hng, gii php ton din v chng trnh hnh ng c th nhm thc y s pht trin ca thng mi in t trn phm vi ton quc. y l nn tng cho vic trin khai rt nhiu hot ng lin quan ti thng mi in t trong giai on 5 nm, ng thi gp phn a thng mi in t vo cuc sng thng qua nhng chnh sch c th trong cc lnh vc kinh t v thng mi. L nm bn l trin khai Quyt nh 222, nm 2008 chng kin nhiu chuyn bin c v mi trng hot ng thng mi ni chung v lnh vc thng mi in t ni ring. c Chnh ph giao chc nng thng nht qun l nh nc v thng mi in t, ng thi ch tr theo di vic trin khai Quyt nh 222, B Cng Thng tin hnh iu tra, kho st, phn tch v a ra nhng nhn nh tng qut v tnh hnh 3 nm trin khai K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t trong Bo co Thng mi in t 2008. Bo co i su vo phn tch nhng chuyn bin trong mi trng v m cho ng dng thng mi in t, theo 6 ni dung ln ca cc nhm chnh sch, gii php ch yu ra trong Quyt nh 222 l o to, tuyn truyn v ph cp v thng mi in t, hon thin h thng php lut, cung cp dch v cng trc tuyn, pht trin cc cng ngh h tr thng mi in t, t chc thc thi php lut v thng mi in t v hp tc quc t v thng mi in t. Tip theo cc Bo co Thng mi in t t nm 2003 n 2007, Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2008 cng phn nh nhng bc tin ca ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip so vi cc nm trc . Nhng vn quan trng i vi s pht trin lu di v bn vng ca thng mi in t nh bo v d liu c nhn v ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t, s pht trin cc dch v cng h tr thng mi in t, v cc m hnh ng dng thng mi in t in hnh trong cng ng doanh nghip s l nhng im nhn ca Bo co nm nay. Thay mt B Cng Thng, ti xin chn thnh cm n cc t chc, doanh nghip, c quan bo ch, chuyn gia nhit tnh phi hp v cung cp thng tin trong qu trnh xy dng Bo co. Chng ti mong nhn c nhiu kin gp Bo co ngy cng hon thin v tr thnh ti liu c ch cho cc c quan hoch nh chnh sch, doanh nghip, vin nghin cu v ng o cc i tng c quan tm khc. H Ni, thng 02 nm 2009

PGS. TS. L Danh Vnh Th trng B Cng Thng iii

TNG QUAN
Nn kinh t Vit Nam nm 2008 phi tri qua rt nhiu kh khn thch thc nhng vi s nng ng, tch cc ca cng ng doanh nghip, thng mi in t Vit Nam vn k tha c s pht trin si ng ca nm 2007 v ang dn i vo chiu su, t nn mng cho s pht trin ton din trong nhng nm ti. Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2008 c xy dng trn c s nh gi kt qu 3 nm trin khai K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010, tnh hnh trin khai mt s hot ng v bo v d liu c nhn v ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t. Trn c s , Bo co xut nhng khuyn ngh nhm thc hin thnh cng K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010. Phn tng quan ny s im li nhng nt ni bt nht ca thng mi in t Vit Nam nm 2008. Mc tiu chnh l gip ngi c nm bt nhanh tnh hnh pht trin thng mi in t Vit Nam qua nhng nt ln ny. 1. Thng mi in t c ng dng rng ri trong cc doanh nghip vi hiu qu ngy cng tng Kt qu iu tra vi 1600 doanh nghip trn c nc ca B Cng Thng trong nm 2008 cho thy, hu ht cc doanh nghip trin khai ng dng thng mi in t nhng mc khc nhau. u t cho thng mi in t c ch trng v mang li hiu qu r rng cho doanh nghip. Cc doanh nghip quan tm ti vic trang b my tnh, n nay hu nh 100% doanh nghip u c my tnh. T l doanh nghip c t 1120 my tnh tng dn qua cc nm v n nm 2008 t trn 20%. T l doanh nghip xy dng mng ni b nm 2008 t trn 88% so vi 84% ca nm 2007. n nay, c ti 99% s doanh nghip kt ni Internet, trong kt ni bng thng rng chim 98%. T l doanh nghip c website nm 2008 t 45%, tng 7% so vi nm 2007. T l website c cp nht thng xuyn v c chc nng t hng trc tuyn u tng nhanh. Mt trong nhng im sng nht v ng dng thng mi in t ca doanh nghip l t l u t cho phn mm tng trng nhanh, chim 46% trong tng u t cho cng ngh thng tin ca doanh nghip nm 2008, tng gp 2 ln so vi nm 2007. Trong khi , u t cho phn cng gim t 55,5% nm 2007 xung cn 39% vo nm 2008. S dch chuyn c cu u t ny cho thy doanh nghip bt u ch trng u t cho cc phn mm ng dng trin khai thng mi in t sau khi n nh h tng cng ngh thng tin. Doanh thu t thng mi in t r rng v c xu hng tng u qua cc nm. 75% doanh nghip c t trng doanh thu t thng mi in t chim trn 5% tng doanh thu trong nm 2008. Nhiu doanh nghip quan tm b tr cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t. Cc con s thng k ny cho thy, n thi im cui nm 2008 nhiu doanh nghip Vit Nam nhn thc r v tm quan trng ca thng mi in t i vi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh v sn sng ng dng thng mi in t mc cao hn trong thi gian ti.

2. Cc t chc o to chnh quy y mnh ging dy thng mi in t nh gi tnh hnh o to chnh quy v thng mi in t sau ba nm trin khai K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010, xut cc gii php ph hp nhm thc y o to thng mi in t trong hai nm cui trin khai K hoch tng th, nm 2008 B Cng Thng tin hnh iu tra ton din tnh hnh o to thng mi in t ti cc trng i hc v cao ng trong c nc. Kt qu cuc iu tra cho thy n thi im cui nm 2008, ti Vit Nam c 49 trng trin khai hot ng o to v thng mi in t, gm 30 trng i hc v 19 trng cao ng. Trong s 30 trng i hc ging dy thng mi in t, 1 trng thnh lp khoa thng mi in t, 19 trng giao cho khoa kinh t - qun tr kinh doanh ph trch ging dy thng mi in t v 10 trng giao cho khoa cng ngh thng tin ph trch ging dy mn hc ny, 8 trng thnh lp b mn thng mi in t. Trong s 19 trng cao ng ging dy thng mi in t, 1 trng thnh lp khoa thng mi in t, 9 trng giao cho khoa kinh t ph trch ging dy thng mi in t v 9 trng giao cho khoa cng ngh thng tin ph trch dy mn hc ny, c 3 trng cao ng thnh lp b mn thng mi in t. V k hoch o to trong thi gian ti, trong s 108 trng tham gia iu tra c 33 trng d nh xy dng ngnh thng mi in t v 52 trng d kin s trin khai o to thng mi in t trong tng lai gn. Nh vy, c th thy cc t chc o to nm bt kh nhanh nhu cu ca x hi v doanh nghip i vi ngun nhn lc v thng mi in t v trin khai kh sm hot ng o to nhn lc cho lnh vc ny. Tuy nhin, s pht trin ca hot ng o to hin nay ang trong giai on pht trin t pht, cha c s quan tm tho ng ca cc c quan qun l nh nc lin quan. Hu nh cha trng no thit lp mi quan h cht ch vi nhng doanh nghip c nhu cu s dng ngun nhn lc thng mi in t do trng o to. Ngc li, cc doanh nghip cng cha ch ng xut nhu cu tuyn dng nhn lc thng mi in t trong ngn hn v trung hn lm cn c cho cc c s o to. 3. Nhiu c quan, a phng quan tm ti vn cung cp dch v cng trc tuyn K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010 ra nhim v n nm 2010 cc c quan Chnh ph phi a ht dch v cng ln mng, trong u tin cc dch v: thu in t, hi quan in t, cc th tc xut nhp khu in t, th tc lin quan ti u t v ng k kinh doanh in t, cc loi giy php thng mi chuyn ngnh.... Trong ba nm u tin thc hin K hoch tng th, cc B ngnh tch cc trin khai v t c nhiu kt qu kh quan i vi mt s dch v cng quan trng vi hot ng thng mi nh dch v th tc hi quan in t, dch v khai, np thu in t, dch v cp chng nhn xut x in t v dch v ng dng thng mi in t trong mua sm Chnh ph. T nm 2005, B Ti chnh bt u trin khai D n Th tc hi quan in t v n nay c bn t c cc mc tiu t ra nh rt ngn thi gian thng quan, gim h s giy t, gim chi ph cho doanh nghip. T trng kim ngch xut khu hng ho thng qua th tc hi quan in t tng dn qua cc nm, t 8% nm 2006 ln trn 16% nm 2007 v 9 thng u nm 2008 t 17,5% tng kim ngch xut khu.

vi

Mt trong nhng thnh cng ni bt trong lnh vc cung cp dch v cng trc tuyn l dch v cp chng nhn xut x in t ca B Cng Thng (eCoSys). Vi mc tiu h tr doanh nghip xut khu gim chi ph, nng cao sc cnh tranh, eCoSys c trin khai t u nm 2006. n cui nm 2008, eCoSys c a vo trin khai ton din trn c nc, tt c doanh nghip c nhu cu cp CO u i cho hng ho xut khu c th gi n ngh cp CO u i qua H thng cp CO in t n cc t chc cp CO thuc B Cng Thng m khng cn phi trc tip n lm th tc nh trc kia. Hin nay, mt s d n v dch v cng trc tuyn quan trng khc nh dch v khai, np thu in t do B Ti chnh ch tr, dch v ng dng thng mi in t trong mua sm Chnh ph do B K hoch v u t ch tr ang chun b chuyn sang giai on trin khai th im. Bn cnh , cc B, ngnh v a phng cng rt coi trng vic cung cp trc tuyn cc dch v cng khc. Tnh n ht thng 12 nm 2008, hu ht cc B ngnh v 59/63 U ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng c website giao tip vi cng dn v cc t chc trong x hi. Phn ln cc website ny u cung cp nhng dch v cng trc tuyn c bn nh cung cp thng tin v hot ng ca t chc, ph bin vn bn quy phm php lut, quy trnh th tc hnh chnh cng v tng tc vi t chc c nhn qua website. Mt s a phng nh thnh ph H Ch Minh, Lo Cai, v.v... bt u trin khai cung cp trc tuyn cc dch v cng lin quan n thng mi nh cp giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh, giy chng nhn u t, giy php thnh lp vn phng i din, ng k thu, ng k con du, v.v... Cng vi s tin b nhanh trong cng tc hon thin h thng php lut lin quan n thng mi in t v h tng cng ngh, s quan tm ch o ca Nh nc, nhng in hnh v cung cp thnh cng dch v cng trc tuyn trn quy m c nc cng nh ti mt tnh, thnh ph c th s gp phn gip hot ng cung cp dch v cng trc tuyn pht trin mnh m hn trong giai on ti. 4. Vn bo v d liu c nhn bc u c quan tm Bn cnh nhng nt ni bt trn, nm 2008 cn chng kin nhng chuyn bin c ngha ln i vi s pht trin ca thng mi in t Vit Nam giai on ti. Trong thng mi in t, cc giao dch c thc hin hon ton trn mi trng mng, cc i tc khng cn phi gp mt trc tip, nn nhu cu v thng tin c nhn l rt ln. Giao dch thng mi in t ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam thi gian gn y tng nhanh, khi lng thng tin trao i ngy cng nhiu. Tuy nhin, nhng vi phm lin quan n thng tin c nhn cng ngy mt nhiu hn, gy tm l e ngi cho cc c nhn, t chc khi tham gia giao dch thng mi in t. T nm 2005 n nay cc c quan qun l nh nc c nhiu n lc a cc quy nh lin quan n bo v thng tin c nhn vo cc vn bn quy phm php lut, vi cc hnh thc x pht, ch ti c th. Bn cnh , Vit Nam cng tch cc tham gia cc hot ng hp tc quc t trong lnh vc bo v thng tin c nhn trong khun kh APEC v song phng. B Cng Thng t chc dch v ph bin ti liu Nhng nguyn tc c bn v bo v d liu c nhn

vii

trong thng mi in t ca APEC, phi hp vi B Thng mi v Hi ng Thng mi Lin bang Hoa K t chc hai hi tho v bo v thng tin c nhn trong nm 2007 v 2008, v.v... Cc doanh nghip Vit Nam cng thc c tm quan trng v quan tm ti vn bo v thng tin c nhn. Theo kt qu kho st nm 2008 ca B Cng Thng, 18% trong s 132 doanh nghip cho bit c quy ch bo v thng tin c nhn, 40% khc s xy dng quy ch trong tng lai gn. Tuy cha c quy nh c th i vi vic thu thp v s dng thng tin c nhn ca khch hng nhng cc doanh nghip Vit Nam cng bc u kt hp cc bin php v qun l v cng ngh bo v thng tin ca khch hng. 67% doanh nghip tham gia kho st cho bit c trin khai c hai nhm gii php cng ngh v qun l bo v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng. 5. Thanh ton in t tip tc pht trin nhanh v ang i vo cuc sng Nu nh nm 2007 c nh gi l nm nh du bc pht trin nhanh chng v ton din ca thanh ton in t, th nm 2008 l nm thanh ton in t khi sc v thc s i vo cuc sng. i vi h thng thanh ton tm quc gia, sau nhiu nm tch cc trin khai, ngy 8 thng 11 nm 2008 Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam chnh thc a vo vn hnh H thng thanh ton in t lin ngn hng giai on II. Hin nay, Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam ang y mnh cng tc kt np thnh vin mi, m rng phm vi hot ng ca H thng. D kin trong Qu 2 nm 2009, H thng thanh ton in t lin ngn hng giai on II s c ph sng ton quc. Khi hon thin, H thng c kh nng x l 2 triu giao dch thanh ton/ngy, gp phn quan trng trong vic m rng, nng cao cht lng hot ng thanh ton, chu chuyn vn ca nn kinh t. Dch v thanh ton th cng c mt nm pht trin tch cc. n ht nm 2008, cc t chc ngn hng pht hnh khong 13,4 triu th thanh ton, tng 46% so vi nm 2007. Ton h thng ngn hng lp t v a vo s dng 7.051 my ATM, tng trn 46% so vi nm 2007, s lng my POS t trn 24.000 chic. H thng thanh ton ca hai lin minh th ln nht c nc l Banknetvn v Smartlink vi trn 90% th trng th ton quc c kt ni lin thng. Trong nm 2008, vi s nng ng, tch cc ca cc ngn hng v doanh nghip, mt lot dch v thanh ton in t vi nhng gii php khc nhau xut hin. c bit s lng website thng mi in t cung cp dch v thanh ton trc tuyn c s pht trin nhy vt. Nu nm 2007 ch c mt vi website thng mi in t cung cp dch v ny th nm 2008 c trn 50 website ca cc doanh nghip thuc nhiu lnh vc kinh doanh khc nhau nh ngn hng, hng khng, du lch, siu th bn hng tng hp, v.v... trin khai thnh cng vic cung cp dch v thanh ton trc tuyn cho khch hng. Theo Bo co ca Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam, vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca cc dch v thanh ton khng dng tin mt, t l thanh ton bng tin mt trong tng phng tin thanh ton gim xung cn 14% vo thi im cui nm 2008, so vi mc 18% ca nm 2007.

viii

C th khng nh rng, vi s pht trin mnh m ca h tng thanh ton in t v cc dch v thanh ton khng dng tin mt trong nm 2008, giai on 2009 2010 s chng kin nhng s thay i su sc trong hot ng thanh ton ti Vit Nam. Ngoi ra, hin nay cc B, ngnh ban hnh nhiu chnh sch nhm thc y vic p dng cc tin b khoa hc cng ngh vo thc tin, khuyn khch doanh nghip u t pht trin cng ngh, cc tiu chun chung s dng trong thng mi in t, c bit l chun trao i d liu in t (EDI v ebXML). Ti Chng III ca Bo co ny s cung cp cc thng tin tng quan v tnh hnh ph bin, xy dng v ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ca cc doanh nghip thuc nhiu lnh vc sn xut kinh doanh.

ix

MC LC
LI GII THIu TNG QuAN 1. Thng mi in t c ng dng rng ri trong cc doanh nghip vi hiu qu ngy cng tng 2. Cc t chc o to chnh quy y mnh ging dy thng mi in t 3. Nhiu c quan, a phng quan tm ti vn cung cp dch v cng trc tuyn 4. Vn bo v d liu c nhn bc u c quan tm 5. Thanh ton in t tip tc pht trin nhanh v ang i vo cuc sng CHNG I - TNH HNH BA NM TRIN KHAI K HOCH TNG TH PHT TRIN THNG MI IN T GIAI ON 2006 - 2010 I. o to, tuyn truyn v ph cp v thng mi in t 1. Ph bin tuyn truyn v thng mi in t cho ngi tiu dng 2. Tuyn truyn v o to v thng mi in t cho cng ng doanh nghip 3. Tuyn truyn, o to v thng mi in t cho i ng cn b qun l nh nc II. o to chnh quy v thng mi in t III. Hon thin h thng php lut 1. Khung chnh sch cho thng mi in t 2. Tnh hnh ban hnh cc vn bn thuc H thng Lut Giao dch in t v Lut Cng ngh thng tin 3. Tnh hnh ban hnh cc vn bn khc lin quan n thng mi in t IV. Cung cp dch v cng trc tuyn 1. n Qun l v cp chng nhn xut x in t (eCoSys) 2. D n ng dng thng mi in t vo mua sm ca Chnh ph 3. D n Th tc hi quan in t V. Pht trin cc cng ngh h tr thng mi in t iii v

v vi vi vii viii 1 3 3 5 6 6 9 9 12 16 19 21 23 24 26

VI. T chc thc thi php lut 26 1. Chng gian ln thng mi v cnh tranh khng lnh mnh trong thng mi in t 26 2. Gii quyt tranh chp trong thng mi in t 30 3. Thng k thng mi in t 33 4. Mt s vn khc 36

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VII. Hp tc quc t 1. Hp tc a phng v thng mi in t 2. Hp tc song phng v thng mi in t CHNG II - VN BO V D LIu C NHN TRONG THNG MI IN T I. Khi qut 1. Vai tr ca bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t 2. Cc m hnh v bo v d liu c nhn trn th gii II. Thc trng vn bo v d liu c nhn ti Vit Nam 1. Mt s hin tng vi phm v d liu c nhn 2. Ch nh v thng tin c nhn trong h thng php lut Vit Nam III. Vn bo v c nhn khi trin khai ng dng thng mi in t ti doanh nghip 1. Hin trng thu thp thng tin c nhn trong thng mi in t ca doanh nghip 2. Bo v d liu c nhn ca khch hng IV. Jetstar Pacific Airlines Mt m hnh trin khai bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t V. Chng trnh cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn Vit Nam - TrustVn 1. Nhng nguy c trong giao dch trc tuyn 2. TrustVn - c ch hiu qu nhm thc y bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ti Vit Nam CHNG III - TNH HNH NG DNG CC TIu CHuN CNG NGH H TR THNG MI IN T I. Khi qut 1. Tnh hnh xy dng v ph bin cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t 2. Tnh hnh ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t II. Hot ng doanh nghip v ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t 1. ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t v quy trnh giao dch ca doanh nghip 2. ng dng tiu chun cng ngh thng mi in t pht trin mng kinh doanh in t ca mt s ngnh c quy m ln III. ng dng EDI trong cc ngnh cng nghip v dch v 1. Gii thiu v EDI 2. Tnh hnh ng dng ti Vit Nam

42 44 48 51 53 53 54 59 59 63 67 68 72 73 75 75 76 81 83 83 84 90 90 92 94 94 95

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IV. Mt s m hnh thng mi in t tiu biu 1. H thng trao i d liu in t Cng Hi Phng 2. H thng kt ni ca Cng ty c phn Chuyn mch ti chnh quc gia Vit Nam (Banknetvn) 3. H thng thng tin Kho bc Nh nc 4. H thng trao i d liu in t ca Unilever Vit Nam v Metro Cash & Carry 5. H thng mng kinh doanh in t ca Cng ty Vinamilk 6. Cng ty u t v Pht trin cng ngh thng tin (Intecom)

98 98 99 102 102 104 105

CHNG IV - TNH HNH NG DNG THNG MI IN T TRONG DOANH NGHIP 109 I. Mc sn sng cho thng mi in t 1. My tnh v mng ni b 2. Tnh hnh kt ni mng Internet II. Mc trin khai ng dng thng mi in t 1. Mc ng dng cc phng tin in t ni chung 2. Xy dng v s dng website 3. Tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t III. Hiu qu ng dng thng mi in t 1. u t cho thng mi in t 2. Doanh thu t thng mi in t 3. Ngun nhn lc cho thng mi in t 4. Tc ng ca thng mi in t v cc tr ngi cn tn ti IV. Cc m hnh thng mi in t chuyn bit 1. Sn thng mi in t h tr giao dch doanh nghip vi doanh nghip (B2B) 2. Sn thng mi in t h tr giao dch doanh nghip vi ngi tiu dng (B2C) v ngi tiu dng vi ngi tiu dng (C2C) V. Mt s lnh vc ng dng thng mi in t ni bt 1. ng dng thng mi in t trong vn ti hnh khch 2. Lnh vc bn l in t trc tuyn KHuYN NGH I. i vi cc c quan qun l nh nc 1. y mnh trin khai cc vn bn php lut v thng mi in t 2. H tr mnh m cc doanh nghip ng dng thng mi in t 3. y mnh tuyn truyn, ph bin v o to chnh quy thng mi in t 4. Tng cng hp tc quc t v thng mi in t 113 113 117 120 120 123 127 128 128 129 132 135 137 137 140 148 148 154 157 159 159 159 160 160 xiii

II. i vi cc doanh nghip 1. Nng cao thc tun th cc quy nh php lut v thng mi in t 2. Tng cng ngun nhn lc v thng mi in t 3. Ch trng vic tham gia cc sn thng mi in t PH LC Ph lc 1: K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t Vit Nam giai on 2006 - 2010 Ph lc 2: Thng t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t Ph lc 3: Kt qu r sot mt s website thng mi in t v mc tun th cc quy nh ca thng t 09/2008/TT-BCT Ph lc 4: Quy ch cung cp trc tuyn cc dch v cng do B Cng Thng qun l Ph lc 5: Phiu iu tra doanh nghip ng dng thng mi in t Ph lc 6: Phiu iu tra cng ngh ng dng trong thng mi in t Ph lc 7: Phiu iu tra bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t Ph lc 8: Mt s tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t v tnh hnh ng dng ti Vit Nam

161 161 161 162 163

165 174 181 184 190 196 199 202

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MC LC BNG
Bng I.1 Mt s chng trnh v thng mi in t do VTC thc hin trong nm 2008 Bng I.2 Tnh hnh trin khai K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010 ti cc a phng Bng I.3 Mt s chnh sch lin quan n thng mi in t ban hnh trong 3 nm 2006 - 2008 3 10 11

Bng I.4 Cc vn bn thuc H thng Lut Giao dch in t v Lut Cng ngh thng tin 13 Bng I.5 Cc vn bn lin quan n thng mi in t Bng II.1 Cc d n ca Chng trnh Bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ca APEC Bng II.2 Chnh sch bo v thng tin c nhn ca cc website thng mi in t Vit Nam nm 2006 Bng II.3 Cc doanh nghip du lch tham gia kho st v bo v d liu c nhn Bng II.4 Cc loi thng tin c doanh nghip thu thp Bng II.5 Kt qu iu tra v trin khai bo v d liu c nhn ti doanh nghip Bng III.1 Cc c quan, doanh nghip c kho st v p dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t Bng III.2 Mc ch ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t Bng III.3 Tng trng doanh thu ca VTC eBank Bng IV.1 So snh phn b my tnh trong doanh nghip qua cc nm 2006-2008 Bng IV.2 Phn b my tnh trong doanh nghip phn theo ngnh Bng IV.3 Mc ch s dng Internet ca doanh nghip Bng IV.4 Tr ngi i vi vic s dng Internet ca doanh nghip Bng IV.5 Phng thc giao hng ca doanh nghip qua cc nm Bng IV.6 T l doanh nghip c website phn theo lnh vc kinh doanh qua cc nm Bng IV.7 c im v tnh nng thng mi in t ca website doanh nghip Bng IV.8 Chuyn bin trong u t CNTT v thng mi in t ca doanh nghip qua cc nm 17 58 68 70 71 73 85 87 106 114 115 119 119 122 124 125 129

Bng IV.9 D on ca doanh nghip v doanh thu t thng mi in t qua cc nm 130 Bng IV.10 nh gi tr ngi cho ng dng thng mi in t ca doanh nghip qua cc nm 136

xv

Bng IV.11 nh gi cc tc dng ca thng mi in t ca doanh nghip qua cc nm Bng IV.12 Cc website thng mi in t B2C v C2C c xp trong danh sch 100 website hng u Vit Nam theo xp hng ca Alexa ngy 15/12/2008 Bng IV.13 123mua.com.vn tng trng nhanh trong nm 2008 Bng IV.14 Danh sch mt s hng hng khng Vit Nam cho php tra cu thng tin v t ch trc tuyn Bng IV.15 Chng trnh bn v my bay in t ca mt s hng hng khng Vit Nam Bng IV.16 Danh sch website thng mi in t xut sc nm 2008 do ngi tiu dng bnh chn Bng IV.17 Thun li v kh khn khi thc hin chng trnh bn v my bay in t Vit Nam Bng IV.18 Mt s website bn in t trc tuyn

137 140 142 148 149 150 153 154

xvi

MC LC HNH
Hnh I.1 Tnh hnh trin khai o to v thng mi in t qua cc nm Hnh I.2 Giao din website mt ca in t ca S Thng tin v Truyn thng TP. H Ch Minh Hnh I.3 M hnh H thng eCoSys Hnh II.1 Ngn hng VID Public Bank s thu thp thng tin c nhn trc tuyn khi trin khai cc dch v trn mng Hnh II.2 Ti trang ch ca www.jetstar.com.vn c ng dn vo mc Thng tin c nhn Hnh II.3 Trang ch ca www.trustvn.org.vn Hnh III.1 T l ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ca doanh nghip Hnh III.2 Cc hnh thc p dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t Hnh III.3 Mc quyt tm ca doanh nghip trong p dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t vo thc tin Hnh III.4 Cc bc c bn ca mt quy trnh giao dch thng mi in t Hnh III.5 M hnh hot ng ca h thng EDI Cng Hi Phng Hnh III.6 M hnh kt ni h thng chuyn mch Banknetvn Hnh III.7 Quy trnh trao i d liu in t gia Unilever Vit Nam v Metro Cash & Carry ti TP. H Ch Minh Hnh III.8 M hnh thanh ton in t VTC eBank Hnh IV.1 Doanh nghip c iu tra phn theo khu vc a l Hnh IV.2 Quy m lao ng ca cc doanh nghip c iu tra Hnh IV.3 Doanh nghip c iu tra phn theo ngnh ngh kinh doanh Hnh IV.4 Phn b my tnh trong doanh nghip nm 2008 Hnh IV.5 T l nhn vin s dng my tnh thng xuyn cho cng vic Hnh IV.6 Cc loi mng ni b ca doanh nghip qua cc nm 2006 - 2008 Hnh IV.7 Cc hnh thc truy cp Internet ca doanh nghip nm 2008 Hnh IV.8 Hnh thc truy cp Internet ca doanh nghip qua cc nm 2004 - 2008 Hnh IV.9 Hnh thc nhn n t hng ca doanh nghip qua cc nm 2006 - 2008 Hnh IV.10 Cc phng thc thanh ton c doanh nghip s dng qua cc nm 2006 - 2008 7 20 22 69 74 75 88 89 89 90 99 100 103 105 112 112 113 114 116 117 117 118 121 122

xvii

Hnh IV.11 T l doanh nghip c website nm 2008 Hnh IV.12 T l doanh nghip c website qua cc nm 2004 - 2008 Hnh IV.13 Tn sut cp nht website ca doanh nghip qua cc nm Hnh IV.14 Mc tham gia v k c hp ng t sn giao dch thng mi in t ca doanh nghip nm 2008 Hnh IV.15 Quy m doanh nghip tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t Hnh IV.16 C cu u t CNTT v thng mi in t ca doanh nghip 2 nm 2007 v 2008 Hnh IV.17 C cu doanh thu t thng mi in t nm 2008 Hnh IV.18 Tng quan gia doanh thu B2B v B2C ca doanh nghip Hnh IV.19 Chnh lch t trng doanh thu t B2B v B2C gia cc doanh nghip tham gia v khng tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t Hnh IV.20 Cc hnh thc o to ngun nhn lc thng mi in t trong doanh nghip nm 2008 Hnh IV.21 Hnh thc o to theo quy m doanh nghip Hnh IV.22 Nhu cu cn b chuyn trch thng mi in t ca doanh nghip Hnh IV.23 Tm quan trng ca cn b chuyn trch thng mi in t th hin trong xu hng doanh thu ca doanh nghip Hnh IV.24 Tng trng s lng thnh vin v s lt truy cp ca Gophatdat qua cc nm 2006 2008 Hnh IV.25 Biu tng trng lng truy cp trn mt s website thng mi in t nm 2008 theo thng k ca Alexa ngy 15/12/2008 Hnh IV.26 Mu v my bay in t ca Vietnam Airlines Hnh IV.27 Biu doanh thu ca www.vctel.com t 2005-2008

123 124 126 127 128 129 130 131 131 132 133 133 134 139 141 152 155

xviii

MC LC HP
Hp I.1 Nguyn tc qun l trang thng tin in t theo Ngh nh 97/2008/N-CP Hp I.2 Gii thiu v Thng t hng dn Ngh nh Thng mi in t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t Hp I.3 Hnh vi gian ln, la o chim ot ti sn di hnh thc ti phm cng ngh cao ca mt doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v l hnh du lch Hp I.4 Cc vn bn php quy quy nh vic x l cc hnh vi gian ln thng mi v cnh tranh khng lnh mnh trong thng mi in t Hp I.5 Nhng iu trong d tho Lut Hnh s lin quan n thng mi in t Hp I.6 kin ca mt lut s xung quanh vn gii quyt tranh chp trong thng mi in t Hp I.7 Vn ch k s trong Lut Giao dch in t Hp I.8 Trung tm Chng thc Ch k s Quc gia Hp I.9 Vn khoanh vng i tng v phm vi giao dch trong thng k thng mi in t Hp I.10 Gi tr php l ca chng t in t trong hot ng ti chnh Hp I.11 Tnh hnh xy dng chnh sch xut nhp khu sn phm phn mm v ni dung s ti Vit Nam Hp I.12 Mt s phn ngnh dch v lin quan n thng mi in t trong CPC Hp I.13 Hot ng ca mt s t chc quc t lin quan ti thng mi in t Hp II.1 Tnh hnh ti phm cng ngh cao c xu hng tng mnh trong cc nm va qua Hp II.2 Mt s qung co rao bn a ch v phn mm thu thp a ch th in t Hp II.3 Mt s v vic vi phm php lut lin quan n ti khon c nhn Hp II.4 La o qua th ATM Hp II.5 Mt s quy nh lin quan n bo v thng tin c nhn ti Ngh nh s 63/2007/N-CP ngy 10/4/2007 ca Chnh ph Hp II.6 Lch s hnh thnh TrustVn Hp II.7 Quy trnh cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn v gn nhn tn nhim TrustVn Hp III.1 Vietnam Airlines bn v my bay qua mng 14 15 27 28 29 30 32 33 34 37 40 42 43 60 61 62 63 65 77 78 91

xix

Hp III.2 Kt ni h thng quyt ton chng khon vi h thng thanh ton lin ngn hng

92

Hp III.3 D n v Hin i ha v Nng cao nng lc ca Tng cng ty in lc Vit Nam 93 Hp III.4 EDI v nguyn l kt ni EDI Hp III.5 Trnh t c bn thc hin cc giao dch EDI Hp III.6 Quy nh tm thi v chun ha trong ngnh Ti chnh v Hi quan Hp III.7 Dch v ngn hng trc tuyn ca HSBC Hp IV.1 Bo co Tnh hnh o to thng mi in t ti cc trng i hc v cao ng nm 2008 Hp IV.2 Alibaba quan tm m rng hot ng ti th trng Vit Nam Hp IV.3 Cng Thng mi in t quc gia ECVN chuyn sang hnh thc hot ng c thu ph Hp IV.4 Mt s website B2C v C2C tr ti Vit Nam c tc tng trng cao Hp IV.5 N lc pht trin m hnh thng mi in t B2C v C2C chuyn nghip ti chodientu.vn Hp IV.6 Kt qu kinh doanh ca vatgia.com tng mnh trong nm 2008 Hp IV.7 Yahoo y mnh hot ng ti th trng Vit Nam nm 2008 Hp IV.8 Bc tin chin lc ca eBay vo th trng Vit Nam trong nm 2008 Hp IV.9 Doanh thu ca Jetstar Pacific Airlines qua www.jetstar.com.vn Hp IV.10 Chng trnh bn v my bay in t ca Vietnam Airlines Hp IV.11 Kt qu kinh doanh ca ng Khoa IT Plaza Hp IV.12 Kt qu kinh doanh v chin lc thng mi in t ca www.thegioididong.com Hp IV.13 Nhng ci tin trong nm 2008 ca dangkhoa.vn 95 96 97 101 134 138 139 143 144 145 146 146 150 151 154 155 156

xx

DANH MC T VIT TT
II ADSL AFACT AKFTA APEC ATA ATM B2B B2C CO eCO C2C CNTT EcomViet eCoSys ECVN EDI EDIFACT ERP EVN FTA G2B ng thu bao s khng i xng (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) Hi ng Chu - Thi Bnh Dng v thun li ha thng mi v kinh doanh in t (Asia Pacific Council for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business) Hip nh v Khu mu dch t do ASEAN - Hn Quc Din n Hp tc kinh t Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (Asia - Pacific Economic Cooperation) Lin minh cc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (Asia - Pacific Trustmark Alliance) My rt tin t ng (Automatic Teller Machine) Giao dch thng mi in t gia doanh nghip vi doanh nghip (Business to Business) Giao dch thng mi in t gia doanh nghip vi c nhn (Business to Consumer) Chng nhn xut x (Certificate of Origin) Chng nhn xut x in t (Electronic Certificate of Origin) Giao dch thng mi in t gia c nhn vi c nhn (Consumer to Consumer) Cng ngh thng tin Trung tm Pht trin Thng mi in t H thng cp chng nhn xut x in t (E-Certificate of Origin System) Cng thng mi in t quc gia Trao i d liu in t (Electronic Data Interchange) Trao i d liu in t trong hnh chnh, thng mi v vn ti (Electronic Data Interchange For Administration, Commerce, and Transport) Gii php hoch nh ngun lc doanh nghip (Enterprise Resources Planning) Tp on in lc Vit Nam (Electricity of Vietnam) Hip nh Khu vc thng mi t do (Free Trade Area) Giao dch thng mi in t gia chnh ph vi doanh nghip (Government to Business)

xxi

GTA IATA IP ISP OECD PAA PKI POS SEOM SOM TMT uBND uN/CEFACT uNCITRAL uNCTAD VCCI VNPT VOV VTC VTV WTO XML

Lin minh cc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn ton cu (Global Trustmark Alliance) Hip hi Vn ti Hng khng quc t (International Air Transport Association) Giao thc Internet (Internet Protocol) Nh cung cp dch v Internet (Internet Service Provider) T chc Hp tc v Pht trin kinh t (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Lin minh Thng mi in t Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (Pan Asian e-Commerce Alliance) H tng m kha cng cng (Public Key Infrastrure) im bn hng chp nhn thanh ton th (Point of Sales) Hi ngh cc Quan chc Kinh t cp cao Hi ngh cc Quan chc cp cao Thng mi in t y ban nhn dn T chc H tr thng mi v thng mi in t ca Lin Hp Quc (United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business) U ban Lin Hp quc v Lut Thng mi quc t (United Nations Conference on International Trade Law) Din n Lin Hp quc v Thng mi v Pht trin (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam (Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry) Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group) i Ting ni Vit Nam i truyn hnh K thut s Vit Nam i Truyn hnh Vit Nam T chc Thng mi th gii (World Trade Organization) Ngn ng nh du m rng (Extensible Markup Language)

xxii

CHNG I
TNH HNH BA NM TRIN KHAI K HOCH TNG TH PHT TRIN THNG MI IN T GIAI ON 2006 - 2010
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. o to, tuyn truyn v ph cp v Thng mi in t o to chnh quy v thng mi in t Hon thin h thng php lut Cung cp dch v cng trc tuyn Pht trin cc cng ngh h tr thng mi in t T chc thc thi php lut

VII. Hp tc quc t

CHNG I I

TNH HNH BA NM TRIN KHAI K HOCH TNG TH PHT TRIN THNG MI IN T GIAI ON 2006 - 2010
Ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2005, Th tng Chnh ph k Quyt nh s 222/2005/Q-TTg ban hnh K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010 Vi cc quan . im, mc tiu r rng cng mt lot cc chnh sch, gii php, cc chng trnh, d n c th, K hoch tng th a ra hng i v cch thc thc hin cho cc c quan qun l nh nc nhm t c mc tiu pht trin cho giai on 5 nm 2006 - 2010. Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2008 dnh Chng I tng hp v nh gi kt qu trin khai thc hin cc chnh sch, gii php ch yu ra ti K hoch tng th trong giai on 3 nm 2006 - 2008.

I. O TO, TuYN TRuYN V PH CP V THNG MI IN T

1. Ph bin tuyn truyn v thng mi in t cho ngi tiu dng
T nm 2006 n nay, hot ng tuyn truyn, ph bin v thng mi in t cho ngi tiu dng pht trin mnh m c v chiu rng ln chiu su. Cc c quan thng tin i chng v doanh nghip l cc t chc i tin phong trong hot ng ny. i Truyn hnh Vit Nam, i Ting ni Vit Nam, i Truyn hnh k thut s Vit Nam u c nhng chuyn mc ring v lnh vc cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t. T ngy 01 thng 8 nm 2006, i truyn hnh K thut s Vit Nam (VTC) pht sng th nghim Knh truyn hnh v cuc sng x hi thng tin u tin ti Vit Nam (VTC5). Sau gn mt nm th nghim, ngy 17 thng 7 nm 2007 VTC chnh thc gii thiu Knh VTC5 ti thnh ph H Ch Minh. Vi cc chng trnh rt a dng, gm: Thng ip cuc sng, Hi t s, X hi thng tin, v.v VTC trc tip v gin tip ph bin khi nim v li ch ca thng mi in t, gp phn to ra s chuyn bin trong nhn thc v vn ha tiu dng ca x hi. Bng I.1 Mt s chng trnh v thng mi in t do VTC thc hin trong nm 2008 TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ni dung Gii thiu website chodientu.vn ca Cng ty TNHH Ha Bnh Li ch ca thng mi in t trong cuc sng Gii thiu website thitruongnuocngoai.vn ca B Cng Thng u thu trc tuyn vi DGMarket Vit Nam (dgmarketvietnam.org) Du lch online vi hottourvn.com Gii thiu website chonongnghiep.com ca Vin Khoa hc Thu li 3

i truyn hnh Vit Nam (VTV) cng l mt trong cc t chc nng ng v hot ng hiu qu trong vic tuyn truyn, ph bin v thng mi in t v cng ngh thng tin. Cc chuyn mc Cuc sng s ca VTV1 v Khng gian s ca VTV2 c ng o khn gi xem truyn hnh c nc yu thch. Trong giai on 3 nm t 2006 ti 2008, VTV gii thiu n khn gi nhiu vn thi s lin quan n thng mi in t Vit Nam nh: bo v d liu c nhn, bo mt trong hot ng ngn hng, mng x hi v cu chuyn Vit Nam, ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong ti chnh, v.v T ngy 19 thng 7 nm 2007, VTV2 bt u pht sng chuyn mc Khng gian s (nay l 7 ngy cng ngh) vi thi lng 60 pht mi ngy. Chuyn mc ny gp phn tch cc trong vic ph bin kin thc thng mi in t n vi ngi xem truyn hnh. Vi tm ph sng rng khp c nc, i Ting ni Vit Nam (VOV) cng tch cc tuyn truyn v ph bin cc kin thc, s kin lin quan n thng mi in t. Chuyn mc Tin hc v cuc sng c pht hng ngy trn H Thi s, chnh tr tng hp (VOV1) chuyn ti n thnh gi c nc rt nhiu ni dung lin quan n thng mi in t. Nhiu vn thu ht c s quan tm ln ca x hi nh: tnh hnh xy dng v thc thi php lut v thng mi in t, quy trnh giao dch thng mi in t, bo mt thng tin trong thng mi in t, v.v Bn cnh , VOV cn c chng trnh chuyn l cc din n v khoa hc cng ngh pht thanh mi thng mt ln. y l nhng bui trao i, ta m gia thnh gi vi cc chuyn gia v nhng ni dung lin quan n khoa hc cng ngh, trong dnh nhiu thi lng pht sng cc ch v thng mi in t. Mt knh tuyn truyn quan trng khc l bo vit cng dnh s quan tm ng k cho cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t. Hin nay, vi s xut hin ca cc tp ch chuyn v cng ngh thng tin nh: Th gii vi tnh, Th gii s, Tin hc v i sng, Siu th s, Sc mnh cng ngh, v.v cc ni dung v thng mi in t c gii thiu mt cch c th, chi tit hn ti bn c. Cc t bo quan trng trong hot ng tuyn truyn, ph bin ng li, ch trng, chnh sch ca ng v Nh nc nh Nhn dn, Tp ch T tng Vn ha Trung ng cng dnh s quan tm tch cc n nhng ch v thng mi in t. Vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca Internet v s nhy bn ca cc c quan bo ch, thng mi in t khng ch c ph bin thng qua bo hnh, bo vit. Bo in t ang dn chng minh c vai tr ngy cng tng trong hot ng tuyn truyn. Hin nay, hu ht cc t bo ln u c phin bn bo in t vi ni dung rt a dng, phong ph. Cc chuyn mc Vi tnh (www.dantri.com), Cng ngh thng tin (www.vnexpress.net), Nhp sng online (www.tuoitre.com.vn), Cng ngh thng tin (www.tienphong.vn), Cng ngh thng tin (www.laodong.com.vn), v.v thu ht c rt nhiu c gi. VTV, VOV, VTC cng y mnh vic tuyn truyn v li ch ca thng mi in t qua Internet. Cc chuyn mc Cuc sng s (www.vtv.vn), Cng ngh (www.vtc.vn) l cc a ch c nhiu ngi truy cp Internet yu thch. Kin thc v thng mi in t cng c cc doanh nghip kinh doanh thng mi in t cung cp thng xuyn v hng dn kh t m trn website. Ti y, ngi tiu dng v cc

doanh nghip c th tm hiu cc kin thc t c bn n chuyn su cng nh cc k nng tham gia giao dch thng mi in t. y l cc a ch cung cp thng tin v ph bin kin thc mang tnh thc tin cao do c tch ly t hot ng kinh doanh a dng ca doanh nghip. Cc c quan qun l nh nc, cc t chc x hi ngh nghip cng thng xuyn t chc cc cuc thi, gii thng lin quan n thng mi in t nh Gii Cp vng thng mi in t ca Hi Tin hc Vit Nam, Gii Sao Khu ca Hip hi phn mm Vit Nam, v.v T nm 2007, V Thng mi in t (nay l Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin) - B Cng Thng trin khai chng trnh Sinh vin vi thng mi in t (t nm 2008 i tn thnh chng trnh tng s), gii thiu, hng dn sinh vin lm quen vi thng mi in t. Chng trnh tng s thu ht c s tham gia, hng ng tch cc ca sinh vin cc trng i hc trong c nc. Chng trnh xp hng doanh nghip thng mi in t uy tn TrustVn do B Cng Thng phi hp vi Hip hi Thng mi in t Vit Nam thc hin to dng nim tin, khuyn khch ngi tiu dng tham gia thng mi in t. Thng 6 nm 2008, Lin minh cc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (Asia - Pacific Trustmark Alliance) chnh thc kt np n v ch tr trin khai TrustVn l Trung tm Pht trin Thng mi in t (EcomViet) lm thnh vin chnh thc. Ngoi ra, t nm 2006 n nay, hng chc hi tho, ta m v thng mi in t c t chc ti nhiu tnh, thnh ph trong c nc thu ht c s quan tm ca cc c quan qun l nh nc, doanh nghip, t chc, v.v Nhiu hi tho quc t v cc ch quan trng ca thng mi in t nh: Bo v d liu c nhn v s pht trin ca thng mi in t trong APEC, Kinh nghim ca Hoa K, Chng trnh cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn - Trustmark: Gii php hiu qu nng cao uy tn cho cc doanh nghip thng mi in t Vit Nam trong khu vc APEC, v.v c t chc ti Vit Nam. Vi s tham gia v ng gp kin ca cc chuyn gia t cc nn kinh t c thng mi in t pht trin nh Hoa K, Nht Bn, Hn Quc, i Loan, v.v nhng hi tho ny gp phn nng cao nhn thc ca doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng v li ch ca thng mi in t trong hot ng kinh t - thng mi, c bit l trong hot ng xut nhp khu.

2. Tuyn truyn v o to v thng mi in t cho cng ng doanh nghip

Cc hot ng tuyn truyn, ph bin thng mi in t em n nhng li ch trc tip i vi cng ng doanh nghip Vit Nam. Bn cnh , cc c quan qun l chuyn ngnh, cc t chc hu quan v doanh nghip cng rt nng ng trong vic o to kin thc chuyn su cng nh k nng trin khai ng dng thng mi in t cho cng ng doanh nghip. Trong 3 nm t 2006 n 2008, rt nhiu kha tp hun, o to cho doanh nghip c t chc ti nhiu a phng trn khp c nc. Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin - B Cng Thng, Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam, i hc Ngoi thng, i hc Thng mi l nhng t chc trin khai hot ng o to, tp hun cho doanh nghip rt tch cc v c hiu qu. T nm 2005 n nay, Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin trc tip t chc trn 100 kha tp hun v k nng kinh doanh thng mi in t cho cc doanh nghip thuc nhiu ngnh ngh kinh doanh khc nhau.

Vic tp hun, o to c phi hp cht vi cc S Cng Thng, Hip hi ngnh hng nn mang li hiu qu thit thc cho cc doanh nghip trong vic tip thu cc kin thc thng mi in t, ph hp vi c im, hnh thc hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Bn cnh , cc sn thng mi in t, cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v thng mi in t cng tch cc h tr cc thnh vin v khch hng nhng k nng, cch thc trin khai ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip. Cc n v i u trong lnh vc ny l: Cng Thng mi in t quc gia - ECVN (ecvn.com), Ch in t (chodientu.com), vnemart.vn, gophatdat.com, v.v

3. Tuyn truyn, o to v thng mi in t cho i ng cn b qun l nh nc

Nng cao kin thc v trnh ca i ng cn b qun l nh nc v thng mi in t l yu t quan trng thc y thng mi in t pht trin ng b v c h thng trong phm vi c nc. K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 -2010 nu r: Trong giai on 2006 ti 2010 cn tin hnh o to cho cn b qun l nh nc lm cng tc hoch nh chnh sch v thc thi php lut v thng mi in t Trung ng v cc tnh, thnh ph. Thc hin nhim v trn, ngay t nm 2006, hot ng tuyn truyn, o to v thng mi in t cho cc cn b qun l nh nc v thng mi in t c trin khai t chc mt cch kh bi bn thng qua nhiu hnh thc nh hi tho, tp hun, ta m, trao i. Cc chng trnh ny c t chc u n vi s tham gia tch cc ca Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin (c quan gip B trng B Cng Thng qun l nh nc v thng mi in t) v cc S Cng Thng (c quan qun l nh nc v cng nghip v thng mi a phng). T nm 2006 n nay, Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin phi hp vi cc S Cng Thng t chc trn 60 kha tp hun, o to cho cn b lm cng tc qun l nh nc v thng mi in t trn c nc. n nay, cc c quan qun l nh nc ti a phng c nhn thc kh tt v li ch ca thng mi in t i vi s pht trin kinh t - x hi. Tnh n ht nm 2008, c 45 tnh v thnh ph ph duyt k hoch pht trin thng mi in t ti a phng, 13 a phng khc ang xem xt ph duyt k hoch. y l mt n lc ln ca cc c quan qun l nh nc ti cc tnh v thnh ph, v hin nay cn c s chnh lch kh ln v trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi gia cc a phng, vng min trn c nc.

II. O TO CHNH QuY V THNG MI IN T

K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010 nhn mnh ti vn o to chnh quy v thng mi in t. K hoch nu r: Trong giai on 2006 ti 2010, tin hnh o to chnh quy ti cc trng i hc, cao ng, trung hc chuyn nghip thuc cc ngnh kinh t v lut; ng thi o to theo chng trnh i cng ti trng dy ngh thuc cc chuyn ngnh thng mi, qun tr kinh doanh. Ngay t trc nm 2003, nm bt c nhu cu ca x hi i vi ngun nhn lc v thng mi in t, mt s trng i hc v cao ng bt u trin khai o to v thng mi in t. Tuy nhin, vic o to c xu hng tng nhanh t nm 2006.

Kt qu iu tra, kho st ca B Cng Thng v tnh hnh o to thng mi in t ti cc trng i hc v cao ng trn c nc nm 2008 cho thy, trong s 108 trng tham gia kho st c 49 trng trin khai hot ng o to v thng mi in t, bao gm 30 trng i hc v 19 trng cao ng. Hnh I.1 Tnh hnh trin khai o to v thng mi in t qua cc nm
60 S trng trin khai o to v TMT 50 40 30 20 10 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 14 23 27 38 46 49

Trong s 49 trng i hc v cao ng ging dy thng mi in t, 2 trng thnh lp khoa thng mi in t, 11 trng thnh lp b mn thng mi in t v 36 trng c ging vin ca trng hoc mi ging vin thnh ging dy mn thng mi in t. V phng php tip cn o to, c 30 trng tip cn theo hng kinh doanh v 19 trng tip cn theo hng cng ngh thng tin. V ging vin, ch c 15% trng c ging vin c o to chuyn ngnh thng mi in t, 45% trng c ging vin ngnh khc c bi dng thm v thng mi in t, gn 50% trng c ging vin t nghin cu ging dy thng mi in t. V gio trnh, c 13 trng quy nh thng nht, 36 trng do ging vin t bin son. Ngun ti liu ch yu bin son gio trnh l cc sch thng mi in t ca nc ngoi. C mt s trng s dng trc tip gio trnh ca nc ngoi ging dy. V k hoch o to thng mi in t trong vng 5 nm ti, trong s 108 trng tham gia cuc iu tra c 33 trng d nh xy dng ngnh thng mi in t v 52 trng d kin s trin khai o to thng mi in t. C th nhn thy o to thng mi in t ti cc trng i hc v cao ng pht trin kh nhanh. Tuy nhin, cn kh nhiu vn cn phi quan tm gii quyt o to chnh quy thc s pht trin c v s lng v cht lng. C th: i) Vic hnh thnh i ng ging vin tm huyt, say m nghin cu v ging dy thng mi in t trong cc nm qua l mt tn hiu tt. Tuy nhin, i ng ny hin nay va thiu v s lng, va cha p ng c nhu cu o to. Tnh hnh ny c th cn ko di trong nhiu nm na nu cc c quan qun l nh nc khng a ra cc gii php ph hp.

ii)

Do cha c chng trnh khung ngnh thng mi in t, nhng trng thnh lp khoa thng mi in t ch ng trong vic xy dng cc mn hc v gio trnh. Phn ln cc trng dy thng mi in t nh mt mn hc cng t son gio trnh. V vy, c s khc bit ng k v ni dung, cht lng ca gio trnh ging dy gia cc trng. Hin nay, nhn thc v t l kin thc cng ngh thng tin v kinh t thng mi cn ging dy trnh i hc v cao ng c s khc bit ln. Hai trng phi chnh l trng phi trng kin thc cng ngh thng tin v trng phi trng kin thc kinh doanh. Nu cha c s nghin cu, trao i rng ri, nh gi cht lng sinh vin theo cc tiu ch nh lng th rt kh gii quyt c vn ny. Ngoi ra, vic gii quyt vn ny cng quan h mt thit vi vic son tho v ban hnh chng trnh khung o to ngnh thng mi in t. Vic hc tp v nghin cu mn thng mi in t trong cc trng i hc v cao ng cha hp dn vi sinh vin. Cc trng ging dy thng mi in t nh mt mn hc bt buc hoc tu chn vi thi gian 45 n 60 tit tng ng 3 n 4 n v hc trnh khng gp phi vn t sinh vin ng k nh cc trng m chuyn ngnh thng mi in t. Mc d cc doanh nghip c nhu cu cao i vi cn b thng mi in t nhng chc danh v v tr cng vic ny cha c xc nh r cng nh cha c tha nhn rng ri, v vy cc sinh vin c xu hng ng k hc chuyn ngnh qun tr kinh doanh, cng ngh thng tin, v.v... hn l chuyn ngnh thng mi in t d xin vic sau khi tt nghip.1 iu ny dn ti mt s hu qu. Mt mt, cc trng kh p ng yu cu ngun nhn lc thng mi in t cho doanh nghip, mt khc cc trng s kh u t ln v c s vt cht v ging vin cho ngnh o to ny. Vic ging dy php lut thng mi in t cha c cc trng quan tm. Mt phn do cc ging vin cha c iu kin nghin cu, tm hiu v h thng php lut thng mi in t nn cha cp nht kin thc dy, phn khc l cc c quan nh nc hoch nh chnh sch v xy dng php lut cha ch trng ti hot ng ph bin php lut thng mi in t cho i tng l ging vin thng mi in t cc trng i hc v cao ng. Ging dy thng mi in t hin nay cn thiu s gn kt gia hc v hnh. Cc cuc phng vn trc tip vi nhiu ging vin thng mi in t cng nh tham kho gio trnh, ti liu ging dy cho thy s lin kt gia ging dy nh trng vi cc doanh nghip cung cp cng ngh, gii php kinh doanh thng mi in t cn cha cht ch.

iii)

iv)

v)

vi)

vii) Mt vn ng ch khc l hu nh cha c trng no trin khai hnh thc o to trc tuyn (e-Learning) cho cc ngnh hc, trong c thng mi in t. o to trc tuyn c rt nhiu li ch v pht trin mnh trn th gii trong nhng nm gn y v bn thn n cng l mt hot ng thng mi in t c th.2 V vy, s dng hnh thc
1. C th so snh trng hp ny vi trng hp doanh nghip mun ng k thnh lp doanh nghip vi ngnh kinh doanh thng mi in t nhng khng c v cho ti nay cha c m ngnh kinh doanh ny. 2. Nh cung cp dch v v ngi tiu th dch v khng gp nhau trc tip, mi hot ng u c th cung cp trn mng, bao gm bi ging, gio trnh, chm bi, thanh ton...

o to trc tuyn ging dy thng mi in t c th c nhiu li ch to ln cho c hot ng o to v kinh doanh dch v.

III. HON THIN H THNG PHP LuT

Hon thin h thng php lut h tr thng mi in t l mt trong su nhm gii php ch yu m Quyt nh 222 ra nhm thc y s pht trin ca thng mi in t Vit Nam, vi l trnh c th nh sau: - n cui nm 2006, ban hnh y cc vn bn di lut thc thi Lut Giao dch in t, Lut Thng mi v B lut Dn s, to c s php l cho thng ip d liu. n cui nm 2007, ban hnh y cc vn bn quy phm php lut iu chnh cc kha cnh lin quan ti thng mi in t v gii quyt tranh chp, bo v ngi tiu dng, bo v quyn s hu tr tu, phng chng ti phm, cc vn v thu ni a v thu hi quan. - R sot, b sung, sa i cc vn bn quy phm php lut lin quan nhm bo m ton b h thng php lut c nh hng chung l h tr, to iu kin cho thng mi in t pht trin. Mc d chm hn yu cu, nhng ti cui nm 2008 khung php l cho thng mi in t ti Vit Nam c th ni tng i hon thin, vi nn tng chnh l nhng vn bn quy phm php lut thuc h thng Lut Giao dch in t. Bn cnh , Lut Cng ngh thng tin v cc vn bn hng dn thi hnh cng to nn mt hnh lang php l kh thun li cho vic trin khai cc kha cnh lin quan n h tng cng ngh thng tin ca hot ng ng dng thng mi in t. Ngoi Lut v nhng Ngh nh khung, xut pht t yu cu ca thc tin pht trin, cc c quan qun l nh nc cng ang tip tc nghin cu ban hnh cc vn bn di Lut nhm iu chnh tng lnh vc ng dng thng mi in t c th ca i sng kinh t - x hi.

1. Khung chnh sch cho thng mi in t

Trong h thng vn bn quy phm php lut, cc chin lc, n, k hoch tng th, quy hoch pht trin ngnh do Th tng Chnh ph hoc Th trng cc B, ngnh ban hnh c vai tr c bit quan trng. Nhng vn bn ny gp phn to nn khung chnh sch chung v cc nh hng v m cho s pht trin ca tng lnh vc i sng x hi. K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006-2010 l chin lc u tin ca Vit Nam v thng mi in t, t ra l trnh v nhng gii php mang tnh tng th nhm thc y ng dng thng mi in t trn phm vi ton quc. Thc hin l trnh ny, nhiu tnh, thnh ph cng khn trng xy dng k hoch trin khai ng dng thng mi in t ti a phng. Tnh n ht thng 12 nm 2008, c 58 trong tng s 63 tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng (chim t l trn 92%) xy dng k hoch pht trin thng mi in t, trong s 45 k hoch c UBND tnh v thnh ph ph duyt a vo thc hin ti a phng.

Bng I.2 Tnh hnh trin khai K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010 ti cc a phng Cc a phng ph duyt k hoch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 H Ni TP H Ch Minh An Giang Bc Giang Bc Ninh Bnh Dng Bnh nh Bnh Phc Bnh Thun C Mau Cn Th c Nng k Lk ng Nai ng Thp H Giang H Ty H Tnh Hi Dng Hi Phng Hu Giang Ha Bnh Khnh Ha 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Kin Giang Kon Tum Lng Sn Lo Cai Lm ng Long An Nam nh Ph Th Ph Yn Qung Nam Qung Ninh Sc Trng Sn La Ty Ninh Thanh Ha Thi Nguyn ThaThin Hu Tin Giang Tr Vinh Vnh Long Vnh Phc Yn Bi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Cc a phng ang ch duyt k hoch B Ra Vng Tu Bc Kn Cao Bng Nng Gia Lai H Nam Hng Yn Ngh An Ninh Bnh Ninh Thun Qung Tr Thi Bnh Tuyn Quang

Bn cnh K hoch tng th v thng mi in t giai on 2006-2010, trong thi gian qua, khung chnh sch lin quan n thng mi in t cng lin tip c b sung nhng chng trnh v n quy m quc gia, t quy hoch h tng vin thng - Internet cho n pht trin

10

ngun nhn lc CNTT v thc y ng dng CNTT trong cc c quan nh nc. Vi mc tiu xy dng mt x hi thng tin trn h tng cng ngh tin tin, nhng chnh sch ny ang gp phn h tr v thc y s pht trin ca thng mi in t ti Vit Nam. Bng I.3 Mt s chnh sch lin quan n thng mi in t ban hnh trong 3 nm 2006 - 2008 Ngy ban hnh 15/09/2005 07/02/2006 24/05/2006 Tn vn bn Quyt nh s 222/2005/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006-2010 Quyt nh s 32/2006/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Quy hoch pht trin Vin thng v Internet Vit Nam n nm 2010 Quyt nh s 112/2006/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph duyt n pht trin ngnh Ngn hng Vit Nam n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020 Ch th s 14/2006/CT-BTM v vic trin khai k hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006-2010 Quyt nh s 40/2006/Q-BTM ca B Thng mi v vic ban hnh K hoch tng th ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin ngnh thng mi n nm 2010 Quyt nh s 291/2006/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt n thanh ton khng dng tin mt giai on 2006-2010 v nh hng n nm 2020 ti Vit Nam Quyt nh s 51/2007/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph duyt Chng trnh pht trin cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam n nm 2010 Quyt nh s 55/2007/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Danh mc cc ngnh cng nghip u tin, ngnh cng nghip mi nhn giai on 2007-2010, tm nhn n nm 2020 v mt s chnh sch khuyn khch pht trin Quyt nh s 56/2007/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Chng trnh pht trin Cng nghip ni dung s Vit Nam n nm 2010 Quyt nh s 75/2007/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt K hoch tng th pht trin cng nghip in t Vit Nam n nm 2010 v tm nhn n nm 2020 Ch th s 07/CT-BBCVT ca B Bu chnh Vin thng v nh hng Chin lc pht trin Cng ngh thng tin v Truyn thng Vit Nam giai on 2011 - 2020 (gi tt l Chin lc Ct cnh)

06/12/2006 29/12/2006

29/12/2006

12/04/2007 23/04/2007

03/05/2007 28/05/2007

07/07/2007

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26/10/2007

Quyt nh s 05/2007/Q-BTTTT ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng ph duyt Quy hoch pht trin ngun nhn lc cng ngh thng tin Vit Nam n nm 2020 Quyt nh s 43/2008/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt K hoch ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong hot ng ca cc c quan nh nc

24/03/2008

2. Tnh hnh ban hnh cc vn bn thuc H thng Lut Giao dch in t v Lut Cng
ngh thng tin H thng Lut Giao dch in t ti Vit Nam hin nay c hnh thnh da vo hai tr ct chnh l Lut Giao dch in t 2005 v Lut Cng ngh thng tin 2006. Lut Giao dch in t t nn tng php l c bn cho cc giao dch in t trong x hi bng vic tha nhn gi tr php l ca thng ip d liu, ng thi quy nh kh chi tit v ch k in t, mt yu t m bo tin cy ca thng ip d liu khi tin hnh giao dch. Lut Giao dch in t ch yu iu chnh giao dch in t trong hot ng ca cc c quan nh nc v trong lnh vc dn s, kinh doanh, thng mi; trong khi Lut Cng ngh thng tin quy nh chung v hot ng ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin cng nhng bin php bo m h tng cng ngh cho cc hot ng ny. Kt hp vi nhau, hai Lut iu chnh mt cch tng i ton din nhng kha cnh lin quan n ng dng cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t trong cc hot ng kinh t - x hi ti Vit Nam. Trong 2 nm 2006 v 2007, ln lt bn ngh nh hng dn Lut Giao dch in t c ban hnh, l: Ngh nh v Thng mi in t, Ngh nh v Ch k s v Dch v chng thc ch k s, Ngh nh v Giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh, v Ngh nh v Giao dch in t trong hot ng ngn hng. Ngoi ra, Ngh nh v ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong hot ng ca c quan nh nc v Ngh nh v chng th rc c xy dng nhm hng dn ng thi c Lut Giao dch in t v Lut Cng ngh thng tin gp phn hon thin khung php l cho vic trin khai giao dch in t trong mt s lnh vc thit yu ca i sng x hi. Cc ngh nh thng mi in t, giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh v giao dch in t trong hot ng ngn hng tp trung hng dn Lut Giao dch in t trn kha cnh thng ip d liu, bng cch quy nh chi tit nhng yu t cu thnh gi tr php l ca thng ip d liu trong cc nghip v thng mi, ti chnh v ngn hng. Ngh nh v ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong hot ng ca c quan nh nc v Ngh nh v chng th rc hng dn mt s lnh vc ng dng kh c th ca Giao dch in t. Cn Ngh nh v Ch k s t nn tng php l cho vic trin khai ch k s v dch v chng thc ch k s, iu kin thit yu tin hnh giao dch in t trn quy m rng.3

3. Ni dung c th cc Ngh nh ny c gii thiu ti Chng I Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2007

12

Bng I.4 Cc vn bn thuc H thng Lut Giao dch in t v Lut Cng ngh thng tin Lut 29/11/2005 29/6/2006 Lut Giao dch in t Lut Cng ngh thng tin Ngh nh hng dn Lut 09/6/2006 15/2/2007 23/2/2007 08/3/2007 10/4/2007 13/8/2008 28/08/2008 Ngh nh s 57/2006/N-CP v Thng mi in t Ngh nh s 26/2007/N-CP quy nh chi tit thi hnh Lut Giao dch in t v Ch k s v Dch v chng thc ch k s Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP v Giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh Ngh nh s 35/2007/N-CP v Giao dch in t trong hot ng ngn hng Ngh nh s 64/2007/N-CP v ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong hot ng ca c quan nh nc Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP v chng th rc Ngh nh 97/2008/N-CP ca Chnh ph v qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet X l vi phm 10/4/2007 16/01/2008 Ngh nh s 63/2007/N-CP quy nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin Ngh nh s 06/2008/N-CP quy nh v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong hot ng thng mi

Thng t hng dn thi hnh mt s ni dung ca cc Ngh nh 21/7/2008 15/9/2008 D tho Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT hng dn Ngh nh Thng mi in t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t Thng t s 78/2008/TT-BTC hng dn thi hnh mt s ni dung ca Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP v giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh Thng t hng dn v giao dch in t trong lnh vc chng khon

Nm 2008, mt Ngh nh khc hng dn Lut Cng ngh thng tin cng c ban hnh, c vai tr ln trong vic to lp mi trng thng thong hn na cho ng dng thng mi in t ti Vit Nam. l Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP ca Chnh ph v qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet, thay th Ngh nh s 55/2001/N-CP trong lnh vc ny. Bc tin ln nht ca Ngh nh 97/2008/N-CP l thu gn quy nh v cp php i vi trang thng tin in t trc kia v mt din hp cc bo in t, trang thng tin in t tng hp v trang thng tin in t cung cp dch v mng x hi trc tuyn. 13

Trong nhiu nm qua, doanh nghip v ngi dn nhiu ln phn nh v s bt hp l ca cc quy nh cp php i vi trang tin in t trn Internet,4 nhn nhn y l bin php qun l khng kh thi v gy cn tr cho vic pht trin website, mt ng dng rt ph thng ca thng mi in t ti Vit Nam. Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2004 nhn nh: Quyt nh s 27/2002/Q-BVHTT l mt trong nhng v d in hnh v vic coi thng php lut ca doanh nghip: hu ht cc website vn tn ti v pht trin m khng cn ti giy php ca B Vn ha Thng tin. Tuy nhin, mi doanh nghip v c nhn mun c mt quy nh mi, trnh cho h tnh trng lun lun vi phm php lut.5 S ra i ca Ngh nh 97/2008/N-CP tuy mun song l mt bc tin tch cc trong vic ci thin mi trng php l cho ng dng Internet ni ring v thng mi in t ni chung ti Vit Nam. Hp I.1 Nguyn tc qun l trang thng tin in t theo Ngh nh 97/2008/N-CP iu 19. Nguyn tc qun l, cung cp v s dng thng tin in t 1. Vic thit lp trang thng tin in t, vic cung cp, truyn a, lu tr, s dng thng tin in t trn Internet phi tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v cng ngh thng tin, php lut v s hu tr tu, php lut v bo ch, php lut v xut bn, php lut v bo v b mt nh nc, php lut v bn quyn, php lut v qung co v cc quy nh qun l thng tin in t trn Internet. 2. Cc c quan bo ch c cp Giy php hot ng bo in t theo quy nh ca php lut v bo ch c thit lp trang thng tin in t s dng cho hot ng bo ch. 3. Cc t chc, doanh nghip thit lp trang thng tin in t tng hp phi c giy php do B Thng tin v Truyn thng cp. 4. Cc doanh nghip thit lp trang thng tin in t cung cp dch v mng x hi trc tuyn phi ng k vi B Thng tin v Truyn thng. 5. Cc t chc, doanh nghip thit lp trang thng tin in t v s dng Internet cung cp dch v ng dng chuyn ngnh trn Internet thc hin theo cc quy nh ca php lut chuyn ngnh v cc quy nh lin quan ti Ngh nh ny. 6. T chc, doanh nghip, c nhn thit lp cc trang thng tin in t khng thuc cc i tng quy nh ti cc khon 2, 3, 4, 5 iu ny th khng cn giy php v khng cn ng k, nhng phi tun theo cc quy nh ti Ngh nh ny v cc quy nh v qun l thng tin in t trn Internet.

4. Quyt nh s 27/2002/QD-BVHTT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B Vn ha Thng tin v quy ch qun l v cp php cung cp thng tin, thit lp trang thng tin in t trn Internet quy nh: Mi c quan, t chc, doanh nghip ti Vit Nam c nhu cu cung cp thng tin trn Internet, thit lp trang tin in t trn Internet ti Vit Nam phi lm th tc xin php gi B Vn ha Thng tin, v Khng c cung cp thng tin trn Internet, thit lp trang tin in t trn Internet khi cha c giy php ca B Vn ha Thng tin. 5. Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2004, B Thng mi, thng 4/2005, tr. 14

14

Mt thay i kh ln na ca Ngh nh 97/2008/N-CP l vic thu hp phm vi ca dch v Internet, dch v chu s qun l trc tip ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng. Trc y, Ngh nh 55/2001/N-CP nh ngha dch v Internet rt rng, bao gm dch v truy nhp Internet, dch v kt ni Internet v dch v ng dng Internet, trong dch v ng dng Internet l dch v s dng Internet cung cp cho ngi s dng cc ng dng hoc dch v bao gm: bu chnh, vin thng, thng tin, vn ha, thng mi, ngn hng, ti chnh, y t, gio dc, o to, h tr k thut v cc dch v khc trn Internet. Nu theo nh ngha ny, c th hiu tt c cc ng dng trn nn Internet l dch v Internet. Tuy nhin, Ngh nh 97/2008/N-CP thu hp phm vi ca dch v Internet thnh mt loi hnh dch v vin thng, ch bao gm dch v truy nhp Internet, dch v kt ni Internet v dch v ng dng Internet trong vin thng.6 Bn cnh , chc nng qun l nh nc v Internet cng c Ngh nh phn ra nhiu c quan: Cc B, ngnh lin quan phi hp vi B Thng tin v Truyn thng trnh Chnh ph ban hnh hoc ban hnh theo thm quyn v hng dn thc hin cc quy nh; trin khai thc hin qun l i vi vic cung cp v s dng cc dch v ng dng chuyn ngnh trn Internet thuc lnh vc qun l nh nc ca mnh. Bn cnh vic cc quy nh qun l cp php website c ni lng, mi trng php l cho hot ng ca cc website thng mi in t trong nm 2008 cng c ci thin mt bc vi s ra i ca Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT hng dn Ngh nh Thng mi in t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t. Hp I.2 Gii thiu v Thng t hng dn Ngh nh Thng mi in t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t Cng vi nhng chuyn bin ca mi trng x hi, h tng cng ngh v khung php l trong 3 nm gn y, ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip ngy cng c m rng, c bit l cc ng dng trn nn Internet. S lng website thng mi in t tng rt nhanh. Do c th ca mi trng Internet, giao dch tin hnh trn nhng website ny tun theo nhng trnh t v iu kin rt khc bit so vi giao dch truyn thng, c bit trong quy trnh giao kt hp ng gia cc bn. Tuy nhin, h thng php lut trc y cha c vn bn no iu chnh vn ny, mi giao dch trn cc website vn c tin hnh mt cch t pht v khng c c s php l gii quyt nhng tranh chp pht sinh. Trong bi cnh , vic xy dng mt vn bn hng dn v quy trnh giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t l ht sc cn thit, nhm thit lp nhng nguyn tc v chun mc chung cho hot ng ca cc website, nng cao tnh minh bch ca mt hnh thc giao dch thng mi in t ph bin, ng thi gp phn bo v v cn bng li ch gia cc bn tham gia giao dch.

6. Dch v ng dng Internet trong vin thng l dch v vin thng gi tr gia tng c cung cp cho ngi s dng thng qua mng li thit b Internet, v d nh dch v thoi trn mng Internet.

15

Thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc v thng mi in t, B Cng Thng xy dng v ban hnh Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT ngy 21 thng7 nm 2008 hng dn vic cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t nhm p ng cc nhu cu ni trn ca thc tin kinh doanh. Thng t c xy dng theo nhng quan im ch yu sau: - Thng t ch iu chnh nhng vn mang tnh c th ca vic giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t, cn vic thc hin hp ng c iu chnh bi php lut chung v hp ng (cng nh hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip phi tun th php lut chung v thng mi). - Thng t ch iu chnh vic giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t gia thng nhn vi khch hng (l c nhn hoc t chc). Cc giao dch gia c nhn v c nhn l giao dch dn s, khng thuc phm vi iu chnh ca Thng t. - Mc tiu ca Thng t l m bo s cn bng li ch gia cc bn tham gia giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t. Do khch hng thng th bt li hn trong vic tip cn thng tin v b ng hn trong vic tha thun cc iu kin hp ng, Thng t ny a ra mt khung quy nh chung v nhng thng tin cn c cung cp v quy trnh giao kt hp ng trn cc website thng mi in t nhm bo v li ch ti thiu cho khch hng. Thng nhn l bn chim u th hn trong vic ra cc iu khon ca hp ng, do c th ch ng p dng nhng bin php nhm bo v li ch ca mnh khi giao dch vi khch hng trn website thng mi in t. Da trn nhng yu t c th ca mi trng mng, Thng t quy nh v mt quy trnh giao kt hp ng tiu biu qua website thng mi in t, qua gip phn nh phm vi trch nhim ca mi bn trong cc giao dch ny, ng thi gim bt s bt bnh ng gia khch hng vi thng nhn trong giao kt hp ng. Bn cnh nhng iu khon v quy trnh giao kt hp ng, Thng t cn quy nh c th vic cung cp thng tin trn cc website thng mi in t nhm bo v quyn li ca khch hng trong qu trnh giao dch. Theo , thng nhn phi cng b nhng thng tin ti thiu sau trn website: tn, a ch giao dch; a ch th in t, s in thoi, s giy php ng k kinh doanh, tun th mt s nguyn tc c bn v bo v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng trn website. Ngoi ra, thng nhn phi cung cp y v r rng nhng thng tin lin quan n cc iu khon giao dch trn website: m t hng ha,dch v, thng tin v gi c, thng tin v vn chuyn v giao nhn, thng tin v cc phng thc thanh ton, cng nh cc iu khon giao dch khc.

3. Tnh hnh ban hnh cc vn bn khc lin quan n thng mi in t

Ngoi cc vn bn thuc h thng Lut Giao dch in t v Lut Cng ngh thng tin, trong ba nm qua nhiu vn bn lin quan n h tng CNTT hoc ng dng giao dch in t trong nhng lnh vc khc nhau cng lin tip c ban hnh. ng ch l nhng vn bn quy nh cc kha cnh k thut ca vic trin khai giao dch in t trong hot ng ca cc c quan hnh chnh nh nc, trong lnh vc hi quan, ngn hng v thng mi. Vic y mnh

16

ng dng giao dch in t trong nhng lnh vc nn tng ca thng mi ny s l ng lc thng mi in t Vit Nam tip tc pht trin nhanh v mnh hn na trong thi gian ti. Bng I.5 Cc vn bn lin quan n thng mi in t Ngy ban hnh 18/1/2006 Tn vn bn Quyt nh 04/2006/Q-NHNN ca Ngn hng Nh nc v vic ban hnh Quy ch an ton, bo mt h thng cng ngh thng tin trong ngnh Ngn hng Ch th 10/2006/CT-TTg v vic gim vn bn giy t hnh chnh trong hot ng ca cc c quan hnh chnh nh nc Quyt nh 13/2006/Q-BBCVT ca B Bu chnh Vin thng v chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca Trung tm ng cu khn cp my tnh Vit Nam (VNCERT) Thng t lin tch s 60/2006/TTLT-BVHTT-BBCVT-BCA v qun l tr chi trc tuyn Thng t s 03/2006/TT-BBCVT v x pht hnh chnh v khiu ni, t co v qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v tr chi trc tuyn Quyt nh s 169/2006/Q-TTg quy nh v vic u t, mua sm cc sn phm cng ngh thng tin ca cc c quan, t chc s dng ngun vn ngn sch nh nc Quyt nh ca Ngn hng Nh nc s 35/2006/Q-NHNN ban hnh Quy nh v cc nguyn tc qun l ri ro trong hot ng ngn hng in t Quyt nh s 223/2006/Q-TTg sa i Quy nh v vic u t, mua sm cc sn phm cng ngh thng tin ca cc c quan, t chc s dng ngun vn ngn sch nh nc Ch th s 04/2007/CT-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic tng cng bo h quyn tc gi i vi chng trnh my tnh Ch th s 03/2007/CT-BBCVT ca B Bu chnh Vin thng v vic tng cng m bo an ninh thng tin trn Internet Quyt nh s 18/2007/Q-BTC ca B Ti chnh v vic in, pht hnh, s dng v qun l v my bay in t Quyt nh s 05/2007/Q-BBCVT ca B Bu chnh Vin thng ban hnh Quy nh v gii quyt khiu ni v hng dn gii quyt tranh chp gia ngi s dng dch v vi bn cung cp dch v bu chnh, chuyn pht, vin thng v Internet

23/3/2006 28/4/2006

01/6/2006 29/6/2006 17/7/2006

31/7/2006 04/10/2006

22/2/2007 23/2/2007 22/3/2007 05/4/2007

17

15/5/2007

Quyt nh s 20/2007/Q-NHNN ca Ngn hng Nh nc ban hnh Quy ch pht hnh, thanh ton, s dng v cung cp dch v h tr hot ng th ngn hng Quyt nh s 20/2007/Q-BBCVT ca B Bu chnh Vin thng ban hnh Mu quy ch chng thc ch k s Quyt nh s 52/2007/Q-BTC ca B Ti chnh ban hnh Quy nh v th im th tc hi quan in t Quyt nh s 706/2007/Q-BNV ca B Ni v cho php thnh lp Hip hi Thng mi in t Vit Nam Quyt nh s 32/2007/Q-NHNN ca Ngn hng Nh nc v hn mc s d i vi th tr trc v danh Quyt nh s 18/2007/Q-BTM ca B Thng mi v vic ban hnh Quy ch cp chng nhn xut x in t Ch th s 20/2007/CT-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic tr lng qua ti khon cho cc i tng hng lng t ngn sch nh nc Quyt nh s 1699/Q-TCHQ ca Tng cc Hi quan ban hnh Quy trnh th tc Hi quan in t Quyt nh s 05/2007/Q-BTTTT ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng v vic ph duyt Quy hoch pht trin ngun nhn lc Cng ngh thng tin Vit Nam n nm 2020 Quyt nh 04/2008/Q-NHNN ca Ngn hng Nh nc v vic ban hnh Quy ch cp pht, qun l, s dng ch k s, chng th s v dch v chng thc ch k s ca Ngn hng Nh nc Quyt nh s 19/2008/Q-BTTTT ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng v vic ban hnh Quy nh p dng tiu chun v ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong c quan nh nc Quyt nh s 20/2008/Q-BTTTT ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng v Ban hnh Danh mc tiu chun v ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong c quan nh nc Cng vn 1594/BTTTT-DCNTT ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng v vic hng dn xy dng K hoch ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong hot ng ca c quan nh nc giai on 2009-2010 Thng t lin tch 43/2008/TTLT-BTC-BTTTT ca B Ti chnh v B Thng tin truyn thng v hng dn v s dng kinh ph chi ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong hot ng ca c quan nh nc Quyt nh 891/Q-BTTTT ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng v vic quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca Trung tm Chng thc ch k s quc gia Ch th 05/2008/CT-BTTTT ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng v y mnh pht trin cng nghip cng ngh thng tin Vit Nam

19/6/2007 22/6/2007 25/6/2007 03/7/2007 30/7/2007 24/8/2007 25/9/2007 26/10/2007

21/02/2008

09/04/2008

09/04/2008

22/05/2008

26/05/2008

13/06/2008

08/07/2008

18

17/09/2008 15/10/2008 29/10/2008 31/10/2008 17/10/2008 12/11/2008

Cng vn 2967/BTTTT-Ttra ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng v vic tng cng ngn chn hack Online game v nhn tin la o Quyt nh 37/2008/Q-BCT ca B Cng Thng v vic ban hnh H thng ch tiu thng k v lnh vc thng mi in t Quyt nh 144/2008/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ban hnh Chng trnh iu tra thng k quc gia Quyt nh 40/2008/Q-BCT ca B Cng Thng v vic ban hnh Quy ch qun l, s dng ch k s, chng th s v dch v chng thc ch k s. Cng vn s 3364/BTTTT-DCNTT ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng v vic hng dn xc nh gi tr phn mm Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP ngy 28/8/2008 ca Chnh ph v qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet i vi dch v Internet Thng t s 07/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn mt s ni dung v hot ng cung cp thng tin trn trang thng tin in t c nhn trong Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP ngy 28/8/2008 ca Chnh ph v qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet i vi dch v Internet Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn v qun l v s dng ti nguyn Internet Thng t s 10/2008/TT-BTTTT quy nh v gii quyt tranh chp tn min quc gia Vit Nam .vn Thng t s 12/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn thc hin mt s ni dung ca Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP ca Chnh ph v chng th rc

18/12/2008

24/12/2008 24/12/2008 30/12/2008

IV. CuNG CP DCH V CNG TRC TuYN

Dch v cng l mt hot ng c th ca c quan hnh chnh, c ngha l ch c c quan hnh chnh (hoc t chc c c quan hnh chnh y quyn) mi c trao thm quyn cung cp dch v. Vic ny dn n tnh trng c quyn trong cung cp dch v, h qu tip theo l tnh trng lm vic ca quyn, khng p ng nhanh chng cc nhu cu ca doanh nghip v ngi dn. Tnh hnh ny mt s ni ko di dn n vic bt bnh ca ngi dn i vi phng cch lm vic ca cc c quan hnh chnh, lm tng chi ph kinh doanh v lm gim nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip. Trong thi gian qua, cc B, ngnh v a phng c nhiu n lc trong vic xy dng website trn cung cp trc tuyn cc dch v cng c bn nh cung cp thng tin v hot ng ca t chc, ph bin vn bn quy phm php lut, quy trnh th tc hnh chnh cng v tng tc vi t chc c nhn. Tnh n ht nm 2008, hu ht cc B ngnh v 59/63 U ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng c website giao tip vi cng dn v cc t chc trong x hi. Mt s a phng nh thnh ph H Ch Minh, Lo Cai, v.v... bt u trin khai cung cp trc tuyn cc dch v cng lin quan n thng mi nh cp giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh, giy chng nhn u t, giy php thnh lp vn phng i din, ng k thu, ng k con du, v.v...

19

Hin nay, ti thnh ph H Ch Minh ngi dn khng nhng c th tra cu cc th tc hnh chnh m cn c th xin cp giy php qua mng i vi giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh, giy chng nhn u t, giy php thnh lp vn phng i din, v.v ti a ch http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn. Hng nm, thnh ph H Ch Minh c hng chc ngn doanh nghip ng k kinh doanh v trn 50% s doanh nghip thc hin bng ng k trc tuyn. Ngoi ra, ngi dn cn c th tra cu thng tin v tnh hnh gii quyt h s mt cch t ng v trc tuyn qua h thng Mt ca in t. H thng ny c chnh thc trin khai vo ngy 15 thng 12 nm 2008 v do S Thng tin v Truyn thng thnh ph H Ch Minh vn hnh, qun l ti a ch http://motcua.ict-hcm.gov.vn. H thng kt ni lin thng vi 19 cng thng tin ca cc qun, huyn, s, ngnh. Theo k hoch, ton b 24 qun, huyn v cc s, ngnh phc v trc tip nhu cu ca ngi dn s tham gia h thng vo nm 2009. Hin nay, trong s 52 loi giy php ang c cc qun, huyn cp c 50 loi thuc 6 lnh vc c ng dng cng ngh thng tin. T lc nhn h s ti lc chuyn qua x l v cp giy php u c thc hin trn mng my tnh. Thng tin v tnh trng gii quyt h s c lu gi t ng v c a ln h thng Mt ca in t. Ngi dn ch cn nhp m s tra cu trn bin nhn qua website hoc gi n s 1900.545.444 s nm c tnh trng gii quyt h s cp php ca mnh. Nh cc thng k minh bch, cng khai v chnh xc trn h thng, cc cp lnh o v cc c quan chc nng c th kim tra, gim st c cng tc cung cp cc dch v cng hiu qu hn. Khng nhng th, h thng cn l mt cng c hu hiu ngi dn gim st, kim tra hot ng ca c quan nh nc. Hnh I.2 Giao din website Mt ca in t ca S Thng tin v Truyn thng TP. H Ch Minh

20

Trong tng lai thng mi in t s tr thnh hnh thc giao dch c bn trong giao dch thng mi. Ti K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t Vit Nam giai on 2006 2010, Th tng Chnh ph ch o n nm 2010 cc c quan Chnh ph phi a ht cc dch v cng ln mng, trong u tin cc dch v: thu in t, hi quan in t, cc th tc xut nhp khu in t, th tc lin quan ti u t v ng k kinh doanh in t, cc loi giy php thng mi chuyn ngnh, th tc gii quyt tranh chp; Sa i cc quy nh v u thu trong mua sm Chnh ph theo hng cc ch u t phi cng b mi thu trn trang tin in t ca c quan qun l nh nc v u thu v cc trang tin in t ca cc c quan khc. Cc B, ngnh Trung ng, cc c quan chnh quyn a phng cc thnh ph ln phi tng bc tin hnh giao kt hp ng mua sm Chnh ph trn mng. Trong ba nm qua, mt s chng trnh c trin khai theo ni dung ch o ca K hoch tng th v dch v cng trc tuyn, gm: - n Qun l v cp chng nhn xut x in t (eCoSys) do B Cng Thng ch tr. - D n ng dng thng mi in t vo mua sm ca Chnh ph do B K hoch v u t ch tr. - D n Th tc hi quan in t do B Ti chnh ch tr. - D n Khai, np thu in t do B Ti chnh ch tr.

1. n Qun l v cp chng nhn xut x in t (eCoSys)

Chng nhn xut x (CO - Certificate of Origin) l chng t quan trng trong b h s xut khu hng ha ca doanh nghip. Ngy 21 thng 3 nm 2006, B trng B Thng mi (nay l B Cng Thng) k ban hnh Quyt nh s 0519/Q-BTM trin khai n Qun l v cp chng nhn xut x in t (eCoSys). eCoSys l mt trong nhng dch v cng trc tuyn u tin Vit Nam. H thng eCoSys c trin khai qua 3 giai on: - Giai on 1: Xy dng h thng qun l, lu tr, x l d liu CO form u i ca tt c cc phng qun l xut nhp khu trn ton quc do B Cng Thng qun l ti trung tm tch hp d liu ca B. - Giai on 2: Cp CO in t trn din hp, p dng th im vi cc doanh nghip ln, c uy tn, kim ngch xut khu cao v n nh. - Giai on 3: Cp chng nhn xut x in t trn din rng. Giai on ny s cp CO in t cho tt c cc form v cho tt c cc doanh nghip trn phm vi c nc. Vi quy trnh cp CO in t n gin, nhanh chng v thun tin, eCoSys gip doanh nghip tit kim thi gian, chi ph v nhn lc, do gp phn nng cao nng lc cnh tranh cho doanh nghip. Ngoi ra, eCoSys cn gp phn thc y ci cch hnh chnh, phc v cng tc thng k xut khu. Nhng thng k da trn CO l ngun d liu quan trng, chnh xc phc v cho cng tc qun l nh nc v thng mi v gii quyt cc tranh chp v thng mi vi nc ngoi.

21

Hnh I.3 M hnh h thng eCoSys

Giai on 1 v 2 ca eCoSys ch yu tp trung vo cng tc qun l cc s liu CO v c trin khai t thng 10 nm 2006 ti cc t chc cp CO thuc B Cng Thng v Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam (VCCI). Cc t chc cp CO khng phi ci t phn mm ring m s dng phn mm do B Cng Thng xy dng. Cc phng qun l xut nhp khu cp CO s cp nht d liu trc tuyn trn h thng eCoSys ti a ch www.ecosys.gov.vn. n cui nm 2007, eCoSys lu tr c khong 700.000 b CO trn phm vi c nc. Giai on 3 c bt u trin khai t thng 4 nm 2008. m bo tnh bo mt v chnh xc ca d liu, B Cng Thng yu cu cc doanh nghip xin cp CO u i phi s dng ch k s khi khai s liu vo h thng eCoSys. Ch k s l d liu dng in t nm trong, c gn km hoc c kt hp mt cch hp l vi mt vn bn in t da trn cng ngh kha ring v kha cng khai nhm xc nh ngi k vn bn in t v khng nh s chp nhn thng tin cha trong vn bn in t ca ngi k. H s in t ngh cp CO ca doanh nghip c gn ch k s c gi tr php l nh h s giy thng thng. Doanh nghip c th khai bo, np h s ngh cp CO trn h thng eCoSys.

22

Vic cp CO in t din ra theo trnh t sau: - Doanh nghip gi T khai xut x in t (eForm) c ch k in t ca lnh o doanh nghip ti Phng Qun l xut nhp khu. Sau khi kim tra tnh hp l ca ch k in t v thng tin nhn c, Phng Qun l xut nhp khu s cng khai thng tin v tnh hp l ca eForm trn h thng eCoSys. - Sau khi Phng Qun l xut nhp khu ng cp CO, doanh nghip s mang T khai xut x bng giy c ch k ca lnh o c thm quyn v cc chng t lin quan np cho Phng Qun l xut nhp khu. - Phng Qun l xut nhp khu kim tra s ph hp ca d liu khai trn eForm v T khai xut x bng giy. Nu ph hp, Phng s cp ngay chng nhn xut x bng giy cho doanh nghip. Trong thi gian trin khai va qua, eCoSys thc s chng minh c tnh u vit ca mnh. S lng cc doanh nghip xin cp CO in t ngy cng tng. eCoSys cng l mt trong nhng h thng quy m ln u tin Vit Nam p dng cng ngh bo mt thng qua ch k s. Trong thi gian ti, pht huy ti a hiu qu trong vic h tr hot ng xut khu ca doanh nghip, eCoSys s kt ni vi h thng d liu ca hi quan v tch hp vi cc dch v thng mi in t khc. B Cng Thng ang gp rt hon thin c s h tng ca eCoSys sn sng cho vic cng nhn ln nhau v CO in t vi cc thnh vin ca cc Hip nh Khu vc thng mi t do (FTA) m Vit Nam tham gia. eCoSys chnh l bc khi u ca Vit Nam trong tin trnh hng ti mt nn thng mi phi giy t theo nh cam kt trong Din n Hp tc kinh t chu - Thi Bnh Dng (APEC).

2. D n Th tc hi quan in t
Thc hin Quyt nh s 149/2005/Q-TTg ngy 20 thng 6 nm 2005 ca Th tng Chnh ph, t nm 2005, B Ti chnh trin khai D n Th tc hi quan in t. Bc u, th tc hi quan in t c t chc th im thc hin ti Cc Hi quan thnh ph H Ch Minh v Cc Hi quan thnh ph Hi Phng. Sau th tc hi quan in t s c m rng n mt s Cc Hi quan tnh, thnh ph c iu kin thc hin. Hi quan in t mang li nhng li ch to ln cho cc doanh nghip qua vic tit kim thi gian v chi ph. Thay v phi n chi cc hi quan v mt nhiu thi gian lm cc th tc xut, nhp khu hng ha, doanh nghip s thc hin vic khai bo qua h thng mng in t v vic thng quan s c hon tt trong trong thi gian ngn. Th tc hi quan s c thc hin bng cc phng tin in t thng qua h thng x l d liu in t ca c quan hi quan. Cc doanh nghip s khai thng tin hi quan in t theo cc tiu ch v khun dng chun ca Tng cc Hi quan. H s hi quan in t phi bo m s ton vn v c gi tr php l nh h s hi quan giy. Sau khi nhn c thng tin khai hi quan in t, c quan hi quan thc hin nghip v kim tra v chp nhn thng tin. Nu thng tin khai hi quan in t c chp nhn th c quan hi quan s cp s cho t khai hi quan in t v phn lung thng quan hng ha. Lung xanh dnh cho nhng hng ha c chp nhn thng quan trn c s thng tin khai trn hi quan in t. Lung vng dnh cho hng ha phi kim tra chng t giy thuc h s hi quan trc khi thng quan hng ha. Lung l nhng hng

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ha phi kim tra chng t giy thuc h s hi quan v kim tra hng trc khi thng quan hng ha. Mc tiu ca ngnh Hi quan l a Cc Hi quan thnh ph H Ch Minh (vo nm 2010) v Hi Phng (vo nm 2011) thnh Cc Hi quan in t. n nay, vic trin khai th tc hi quan in t c bn t c cc mc tiu t ra nh rt ngn thi gian thng quan, gim h s giy t, gim chi ph cho doanh nghip. T trng kim ngch xut khu hng ho thng qua th tc hi quan in t tng dn qua cc nm, t 8% nm 2006 ln trn 16% nm 2007 v 9 thng u nm 2008 t 17,5% tng kim ngch xut khu. Tuy nhin, kt qu trin khai th tc hi quan in t vn cha t kt qu nh mong i. T l doanh nghip tham gia th tc hi quan in t cn cha cao. Cho n nay, th tc thng quan in t mi ch thc s thun li vi nhng doanh nghip c hng ha xut nhp khu thuc lung xanh. Cn vi hng ha xut nhp khu thuc lung vng v lung th quy trnh khai bo hi quan vn cn tng i phc tp. Bn cnh , vic kt ni lin ngnh vi cc t chc thng mi, c quan thu, kho bc, ngn hng, chng nhn xut x (CO) c thng tin kp thi, chnh xc phc v cho thng quan hng ha cha tht thun li. Vic cp nhp thng tin chng t np thu ca doanh nghip phi qua nhiu thao tc, mt s quy trnh kh thc hin. Bn cnh , h thng qun l ri ro gia quy trnh th cng v in t vn cha c p dng ng b, nhiu cn b cha bt kp vi yu cu ca cng vic. Thm vo , ng truyn v phn mm khai bo hi quan in t vn cha tht thun tin. Vic vn ng, tuyn truyn doanh nghip tham gia th tc hi quan in t vn cha t hiu qu cao. Nhiu doanh nghip cha c nhn thc ng n v hi quan in t nn vn cha u t thch ng v trang thit b v nhn lc. Hin nay, Tng cc Hi quan ang n lc phn u nhm hon thin v y mnh dch v hi quan in t.

3. D n ng dng thng mi in t vo mua sm ca Chnh ph

Hot ng mua sm ca Chnh ph cng thu ht rt nhiu s quan tm. H thng mua sm Chnh ph in t (e-procurement) l h thng s dng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng qun l v thc hin cc giao dch vi cc nh thu trong vic mua sm hng ha, xy lp v dch v t vn cho khi cc c quan nh nc. Vic cng b cng khai cc cho thu mua sm ca Chnh ph trn mng s to ra mt mi trng cnh tranh lnh mnh trong mua sm cng. iu ny khng nhng gip Chnh ph tit kim chi ph v thi gian m cn thc y s cnh tranh lnh mnh gia cc doanh nghip. Trin khai Quyt nh 222, Cc Qun l u thu - B K hoch v u t ang trin khai D n ng dng thng mi in t vo mua sm ca Chnh ph nhm xy dng mt h thng u thu tp trung qua mng. Mc tiu ca D n l xy dng mt h thng u thu hon chnh bao gm cc quy trnh u thu, cc c s php l, phn mm v h tng cng ngh thng tin phc v cho u thu qua mng. H tng cng ngh thng tin bao gm mng, c s d liu, cng giao tip, h thng chng thc ch k s vi bo mt cao. D n s c trin khai qua 2 giai on chnh: - Giai on 1 (t 2008 n 2010): Th nghim m hnh u thu qua mng trn 3 n v ln l VNPT, EVN v y ban nhn dn thnh ph H Ni.

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- Giai on 2 (t 2010 n 2015): Hon thin v trin khai h thng u thu trn din rng. Cc thnh phn chnh tham gia vo H thng gm bn bn l bn cung cp hng ha v dch v, bn mua l cc n v s dng ngn sch nh nc trong mua sm cng v b phn vn hnh H thng. H thng u thu qua mng s bao gm bn phn h chc nng chnh nh sau: - Phn h u thu qua mng (e-Tendering): L gii php in t ha x l nghip v u thu mua sm cng i vi hng ha, xy lp, dch v t vn c bit c gi tr cao, s lng t. Phn h ny c chc nng chun b u thu qua mng, chun b h s mi thu, th mi thu, cng b thng tin mi thu v pht hnh h s mi thu qua mng. - Phn h qun l hp ng qua mng (e-Contracting): L gii php in t ha x l nghip v thng tho, k kt, gim st thc hin hp ng i vi cc gi mua sm hng ha, xy lp, dch v t vn. Phn h ny c chc nng h tr son tho, xem xt, k kt v qun l thc hin hp ng. - Phn h mua sm qua mng (e-Purchasing): L gii php in t ha x l cc nghip v mua sm cng cc hng ha v dch v c gi tr nh nhng s lng ln. Phn h ny c chc nng tm kim, ng k hng ha, chc nng xa, duyt danh mc hng ha cn mua. N cn c chc nng ng ti hnh nh, ti liu v cc thng tin cn thit cho cc sn phm. Ngoi ra phn h ny cn c chc nng duyt cc loi hng ha ng k, u gi ngc, yu cu gi hng v qun l gi hng. - Phn h thanh ton qua mng (e-Payment): L gii php in t ha x l cc nghip v thanh ton trong mua sm cng. Phn h ny c chc nng nhn, kim tra v qun l thanh ton trong hoc sau khi thc hin hp ng hoc n hng v qun l vic hon tin. M hnh kin trc ca h thng gm ba lp chc nng l lp giao din ngi dng, lp x l nghip v v cui cng l lp c s d liu. - Lp giao din ngi dng nhm h tr giao tip gia h thng mua sm qua mng vi cc i tng s dng nh bn bn, bn mua v b phn vn hnh h thng. Cc i tng giao tip vi h thng c m ha v bo mt bng giao thc SSL v dch v chng thc ch k s. - Lp x l nghip v l lp ng dng x l tt c cc nghip v trong H thng. - Lp c s d liu l lp trong cng, ni cha c s d liu ca ton b H thng phc v cho vic xc thc ngi s dng, d liu v lu tr d liu. Theo d kin, D n ng dng thng mi in t trong mua sm ca Chnh ph s c trin khai t nm 2009 v kt thc vo nm 2015. S thnh cng ca D n s mang li li ch cho tt c cc bn tham gia. Vic cng khai cc thng tin mua sm v u thu trc tuyn trn mng s gip Chnh ph thu ht c s lng ln cc nh cung cp, do Chnh ph s c nhiu c hi mua c hng vi cht lng cao vi gi thnh r. Khng nhng th, Chnh ph cn c th gim thiu chi ph v nhn s phc v cho vic mua sm, ng thi gim st vic mua sm

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mt cch chuyn nghip hn. H thng ny cn nng cao tnh cng bng v tng c hi tip cn vo th trng ca Chnh ph cho cc nh cung cp.

V. PHT TRIN CC CNG NGH H TR THNG MI IN T

K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010 nhn mnh vic cn ch trng pht trin cc cng ngh h tr thng mi in t trn c s khuyn khch chuyn giao cng ngh t nc ngoi di cc hnh thc: - Ban hnh v ph cp cc chnh sch, bin php khuyn khch u t pht trin cng ngh phc v hot ng thng mi in t; cc tiu chun chung s dng trong thng mi in t, c bit l chun trao i d liu in t (EDI v ebXML). - Khuyn khch, h tr cc ngn hng v cc t chc tn dng trin khai ng dng cng ngh mi vo hot ng ngn hng v cc loi hnh dch v ngn hng, c bit l dch v thanh ton in t; xy dng mng kinh doanh in t cho mt s ngnh cng nghip c quy m kinh t ln. Trong cc nm gn y, Chnh ph ban hnh nhiu chnh sch nhm thc y vic p dng cc tin b khoa hc cng ngh vo thc tin. Cc doanh nghip cng ang ch trng ng dng thng mi in t nng cao nng lc sn xut, m rng mng li phn phi sn phm, nng cao cht lng dch v. Thng mi in t ang tr thnh mt trong nhng cng c quan trng gip doanh nghip to ra gi tr gia tng cho cc loi hng ha v dch v. cng l ng lc cc doanh nghip nghin cu, tip cn vi thng mi in t, u t ci tin cc quy trnh nghip v thch hp nhm ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ph bin trn th gii hin nay vo sn xut kinh doanh. Chng III s cung cp cc thng tin tng quan v tnh hnh ph bin v xy dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t v ng dng cc cng ngh thng mi in t trong nhiu lnh vc ca nn kinh t Vit Nam.

VI. T CHC THC THI PHP LuT

1. Chng gian ln thng mi v cnh tranh khng lnh mnh trong thng mi in t
Hot ng thng mi in t din ra trong mt khng gian kinh t khc bit so vi cc phng thc kinh doanh truyn thng. Nhng hnh vi gian ln thng mi v cnh tranh khng lnh mnh v thng mi in t cng c thc hin theo nhiu phng thc mi m v tinh vi, do kh p dng cc ch ti truyn thng khi x l. Doanh nghip v ngi dn tham gia thng mi in t s phi i mt vi mt s ri ro c th ca mi trng mng khi thiu nhng kin thc v cc ng dng cng ngh cao. Do vy, vic quy nh v trin khai cc bin php hiu qu ngn nga nhng ri ro ny l mt kha cnh quan trng ca hot ng t chc, thc thi php lut, nhm m bo mi trng cnh tranh lnh mnh cho thng mi in t pht trin bn vng ti Vit Nam. T nm 2006, ng dng thng mi in t bt u c trin khai rng trn tt c cc mt ca i sng x hi, mt lot cc v gian ln thng mi v hnh ng cnh tranh khng lnh mnh cng ng thi xut hin. Nhng hnh vi gian ln ny c tin hnh theo nhiu phng thc

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rt tinh vi, thng c nhn nhn l mt loi ti phm cng ngh cao. Hnh thc phm ti rt a dng, t la o trong cc giao dch trc tuyn, gi mo th ATM, cho n pht tn virus, n cp mt khu, ph hoi c s d liu ca cc website c nhn v doanh nghip, v.v Nhiu kin cho rng mt phn nguyn nhn ca nhng hnh vi gian ln, ti phm quy m ln trn mi trng mng thi gian qua l do cc c quan qun l nh nc cha c cc bin php thc s quyt lit, mang tnh rn e cao. Hin nay, tt c cc loi hnh ti phm cng ngh cao mi ch c mc x l cao nht l pht hnh chnh nh cnh co, thng bo cho n v qun l, hoc pht tin m mc x pht khng tng xng vi tnh cht ca hnh vi.7 Hp I.3 Hnh vi gian ln, la o chim ot ti sn di hnh thc ti phm cng ngh cao ca mt doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v l hnh du lch Ngy 6/6/2008, Cc 15 - B Cng an hon tt bn kt lun iu tra v n la o, chim ot ti sn i vi Cng ty c phn Hng khng Pacific Airlines (Cng ty PA), chuyn h s n VKSND Ti cao ngh truy t 2 i tng Nguyn Hong Yn, nguyn G Cng ty TNHH Hong Yn Minh, TP H Ch Minh v Phan Ngc Trn L Anh, nhn vin Cng ty Hong Yn Minh, v hnh vi la o chim ot ti sn. Thng 9/2007, CQT B Cng an nhn c n trnh bo ca Cng ty PA v vic b la o chim ot ti sn. T thng 2/2007, Cng ty PA trin khai bn v my bay qua mng Internet theo phng thc tt c nhng ngi c loi th tn dng VISA, MASTER, JCB u c th mua v thng qua website ca cng ty. Vic thanh ton c tin hnh thng qua cc t chc pht hnh th quc t v Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam. Ti thi im ngy 12/9/2007, Cng ty PA c Ngn hng Ngoi thng thng bo, c 545 giao dch vi tng s tin gn 1,1 t ng v hn 14.000 USD b ch th khiu ni khng thc hin giao dch, v t chc pht hnh th quc t chnh thc t chi thanh ton cho Cng ty PA s tin hn 440 triu ng v gn 2.700 USD. L do t chi l cc ch th khng thc hin cc giao dch trn. Trong s cc giao dch b khiu ni, Cng ty PA nghi vn 417 giao dch tr gi 491.316.000 ng v gn 3.500 USD do Cng ty Hong Yn Minh thc hin. Li khai ca Yn cho thy, li dng hnh thc bn v qua mng ca Cng ty PA, t thng 2 n thng 7/2007, Yn cu kt vi mt s i tng ngi nc ngoi, s dng cc thng tin th tn dng c ngun gc bt hp php mua v my bay ca Cng ty PA bn ra th trng thu li bt chnh.

7. ng Trn Vn Ha, Trng phng Phng chng ti phm cng ngh cao (thuc C15) cho rng, x l mnh tay hn, mang li s n nh cho mi trng mng, c quan chc nng cn sa i cc lut lin quan nhm tng tnh nghim minh v c gi tr rn e hn na: Vic x l vi phm ph thuc vo vn bn php lut, m cc vn bn php lut lin quan n ti phm cng ngh cao hin nay u ch a ra cc hnh thc x l pht hnh chnh. Mun c mc n cao hn l t giam, buc phi chng minh c bn yu t cu thnh ti phm hnh s, p dng i vi dng ti phm cng ngh cao l rt phc tp (Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2006)

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n thi im ny, CQT xc nh t thng 2 n thng 6/2007, Nguyn Hong Yn v ng bn mua tng cng 233 lt v my bay ca Cng ty PA tr gi 223.623.500 ng v gn 1.900 USD. c bit nghim trng, ngoi Cng ty PA, CQT cn xc nh hnh vi la o chim at ti sn ca Nguyn Hong Yn i vi 4 ngn hng VCB, ICB, ACB, EIB. Thng 6/2006, Yn k hp ng lm i l thanh ton th tn dng i vi 4 ngn hng ni trn. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh hot ng, Yn khng thc hin cc quy nh, tha thun ra t u. Yn v ng bn c hnh vi la o chim ot s tin 485.945,90 USD ca 4 ngn hng. Rt may, sau mt thi gian n lc m phn vi ngn hng pht hnh th nc ngoi, ti thng 12/2007, 4 ngn hng c thanh ton ton b s tin trn. Ngun: http://vietnamnet.vn/cntt/2008/06/787455/ Ngoi cc hnh vi n cp thng tin qua mng, pht tn virus ph hoi h thng thng tin ca cc c nhn v t chc, pht tn th rc, v.v trong thi gian qua, c bit l nm 2006, xut hin nhiu v tn cng vo cc website thng mi in t ca doanh nghip, gy gin on hot ng hoc ph hy hon ton cu trc d liu ca website, dn ti thit hi vt cht v uy tn cho doanh nghip. in hnh l v tn cng website www.vietco.com ca Cng ty TNHH Thng mi, Dch v v K thut SGC, website www.nhanhoa.com.vn ca Cng ty TNHH Phn mm Nhn Ha v website www.chodientu.com ca Cng ty C phn Gii php phn mm Ha Bnh. Xt t kha cnh php l, nhng hnh vi tn cng ny c th c xp vo danh sch hnh vi cnh tranh khng lnh mnh. iu 44 Lut Cnh tranh c Quc hi thng qua ngy 03 thng 12 nm 2004 quy nh: Cm doanh nghip gy ri hot ng kinh doanh hp php ca doanh nghip khc bng hnh vi trc tip hoc gin tip cn tr, lm gin on hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip . iu 9 Lut Giao dch in t cng nghim cm cc hnh vi nhm ph hoi h tng cng ngh v giao dch in t. mc nghim trng, nhng c nhn, t chc tin hnh cc hnh vi ny cn c th b x l hnh s. Tuy nhin, Vit Nam hin cn thiu nhng vn bn di lut hng dn chi tit vic x l v cc bin php ch ti trong nhng trng hp ny. Hp I.4 Cc vn bn php quy quy nh vic x l cc hnh vi gian ln thng mi v cnh tranh khng lnh mnh trong thng mi in t Hin nay, vic x l cc hnh vi gian ln thng mi v cnh tranh khng lnh mnh trong thng mi in t ch yu da vo mt s vn bn php quy sau: - B Lut Hnh s nm 1999; - Lut Giao dch in t nm 2005; - Lut Cng ngh thng tin nm 2006;

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- Ngh nh s 63/2007/N-CP quy nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin; - Ngh nh s 06/2008/N-CP quy nh v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong hot ng thng mi; - Quyt nh 71/2004/Q-BCA v m bo an ton v an ninh trong hot ng cung cp, s dng Internet ti Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, tt c nhng vn bn php quy ny c nh gi l mi ch h tr phn no cho vic nh ti, ch cha gip cho vic nh khung hnh pht i vi nhng hnh vi ti phm trn mi trng mng. Do , cc c quan iu tra xt x hin vn gp kh khn trong khu x l ti phm ngay c khi i tng v hnh vi phm ti c kt lun r. Trc thc t trn, t nm 2006, nhiu B, ngnh trin khai nghin cu, xy dng cc bin php ch ti i vi hnh vi phm ti trong lnh vc cng ngh cao ni chung v gian ln thng mi trong thng mi in t ni ring. ng ch l Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca B Lut hnh s ang c B T php ch tr son tho, trong c rt nhiu sa i lin quan n ti phm thuc lnh vc cng ngh thng tin. Hp I.5 Nhng iu trong d tho Lut Hnh s lin quan n thng mi in t B Lut hnh s hin hnh c ba iu lut quy nh v cc ti phm lin quan n my tnh v mng my tnh, l iu 224 - Ti to ra v lan truyn, pht tn cc chng trnh virut tin hc, iu 225 - Ti vi phm cc quy nh v vn hnh, khai thc v s dng mng my tnh in t, v iu 226 - Ti s dng tri php cc thng tin trn mng v trong my tnh. Nhng quy nh ny cha bao qut c ht nhiu loi hnh vi vi phm lin quan n my tnh v mng my tnh kh ph bin hin nay. V vy, khc phc mt bc nhng bt cp v mt php lut lin quan n x l ti phm my tnh, d tho Lut xc nh ln sa i, b sung ny tp trung vo vic tip tc hon thin cc quy nh ti iu 224, 225, 226 v b sung thm hai ti phm mi l Ti truy cp bt hp php vo mng vin thng, mng my tnh, mng Internet hoc thit b s ca ngi khc (iu 226a) v Ti s dng mng vin thng, mng my tnh, mng Internet hoc thit b s thc hin hnh vi chim ot ti sn (iu 226b). iu 226b a ra khung hnh pht c tnh rn e kh cao i vi nhiu hnh vi gian ln, la o v thng mi in t nh: - S dng thng tin v ti khon, th ngn hng ca c nhn, t chc lm gi th tn dng nhm rt tin hoc thanh ton cc dch v; - Xm nhp tri php vo ti khon ca t chc, c nhn ly trm tin;

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- La o trong thng mi in t, trong kinh doanh tin t, huy ng vn tn dng, mua bn v thanh ton c phiu qua mng hoc thc hin cc hnh thc la o khc nhm chim ot ti sn ca t chc, c nhn. Mc pht cao nht cho cc hnh vi ny c th ln n t chung thn, kt hp vi pht tin mt trm triu ng v cc hnh thc x l b sung khc. Vic b sung nhng quy nh mi ny vo B Lut hnh s s l mt bc tin ln trong vic hnh thnh khung ch ti c th v c tc dng rn e i vi nhng hnh vi gian ln, la o hoc cnh tranh khng lnh mnh, gp phn nng cao hiu qu ca h thng php lut v thng mi in t ti Vit Nam.

2. Gii quyt tranh chp trong thng mi in t

Lut Giao dch in t nm 2005 v Ngh nh v Thng mi in t nm 2006 a ra nhng nguyn tc c bn v thng ip d liu ni chung v chng t thng mi ni ring, t nn tng cho vic tin hnh giao dch thng mi qua phng tin in t. Tip theo , Thng t hng dn Ngh nh Thng mi in t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t (Thng t 09/2008/TT-BCT) ban hnh ngy 21 thng 7 nm 2008 quy nh kh chi tit v mt chu trnh giao kt hp ng gia thng nhn v ngi tiu dng thng qua website. Tuy nhin, khu thc hin hp ng gia cc bn trong mt giao dch B2C, cng nh giao dch B2B hay C2C tim n nhng kh nng xy ra tranh chp m h thng php lut hin nay cha c quy nh c th lm cn c gii quyt cho cc bn lin quan. Hp I.6 kin ca mt lut s xung quanh vn gii quyt tranh chp trong thng mi in t 8 1. Phng thc giao kt hp ng in t: Theo quy nh ca Lut giao dch in t iu 23 quy nh v Nguyn tc s dng ch k in t Tr trng hp php lut c quy nh khc, cc bn tham gia giao dch in t c quyn tha thun: a) S dng hoc khng s dng ch k in t k thng ip d liu trong qu trnh giao dch b) S dng hoc khng s dng ch k in t c chng thc Theo chng ti vic giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t cn quy nh s dng ch k in t k thng ip d liu trong qu trnh giao dch nhng khng cn thit phi chng thc v ch chng thc khi cn thit cho hot ng cung cp chng c gii quyt tranh chp trong t tng thng mi

8. kin ca Lut s Phan Thng Anh - Gim c Cng ty Lut hp danh Vit Nam, Trng ti vin Trung tm Trng ti Quc t Vit Nam gp cho d tho Thng t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t

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2. Gii quyt tranh chp lin quan n cc hp ng giao kt trn website thng mi in t: Gii quyt tranh chp l vn ht sc phc tp, khi Ta n v t chc trng ti gii quyt cc tranh chp i hi phi c y cc chng c lin quan. Hin nay vn lin quan n vic gii quyt tranh chp giao dch thng mi in t c quy nh ti: Khon 20 Thng t hng dn v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t Gii quyt tranh chp lin quan n cc hp ng giao kt trn website thng mi in t a) Cc website thng mi in t phi c c ch hiu qu tip nhn khiu ni ca khch hng lin quan n hp ng c giao kt trn website v cng b r thi hn tr li khiu ni; b) Vic gii quyt tranh chp gia thng nhn v khch hng trong qu trnh thc hin hp ng phi da trn cc iu khon ca hp ng c cng b ti website vo thi im giao kt hp ng; c) Thng nhn khng c li dng cc u th ca mnh trn mi trng in t n phng gii quyt nhng vn tranh chp khi cha c s ng ca khch hng. iu 52. Lut Giao dch in t Gii quyt tranh chp trong giao dch in t: 1. Nh nc khuyn khch cc bn c tranh chp trong giao dch in t gii quyt thng qua ha gii. 2. Trong trng hp cc bn khng ha gii c th thm quyn, trnh t, th tc gii quyt tranh chp v giao dch in t c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut. Ch vi nhng quy nh trn chng ti cho rng khng n v cc chng c lin quan ca cc bn s c cung cp nh th no cc c quan ti phn xem xt? c th chp nhn d liu ca hai bn t in trong h thng mnh ra hay khng? t chc no c th gim nh c cc giao dch ny l c tht cc c quan ti phn c th gii quyt? Theo chng ti cn quy nh b sung thm nhng ni dung sau: (1) Cc loi vn bn, h thng d liu thng tin no c cung cp. (2) Cc c quan no c thm quyn xc minh cc giao dch l chng c xc nh giao dch thng mi in t c tha nhn. (3) Quy nh thc hin vic chng thc ch k in t b sung khi c tranh chp xy ra c c s xc nh giao dch ca hai bn l c tht. V mt nguyn tc, h thng php lut thng mi in t ch iu chnh nhng kha cnh lin quan n hnh thc in t ca giao dch. C th hn, Thng t 09/2008/TT-BCT tp trung iu chnh nhng vn mang tnh c th khi giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t, cn vic thc hin hp ng s c iu chnh bi php lut chung v hp ng (cng nh hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip phi tun th php lut chung v thng mi). Do , a phn cc tranh chp pht sinh trong qu trnh thc hin hp ng in t s c gii quyt trong khun kh Lut Dn s, Lut Thng mi v cc vn bn lin quan. Ch nhng tranh chp lin quan n gi tr php l ca chng t in t khi to v lu tr trong qu trnh

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giao kt cng nh thc hin hp ng mi thuc phm vi iu chnh ca h thng php lut thng mi in t. V phn ln nhng vn ny c th c gii quyt nu cc bn s dng ch k in t khi tin hnh giao dch. Hp I.7 Vn ch k s trong Lut Giao dch in t iu 21 Lut Giao dch in t: Ch k in t c to lp di dng t, ch, s, k hiu, m thanh hoc cc hnh thc khc bng phng tin in t, gn lin hoc kt hp mt cch l gc vi thng ip d liu, c kh nng xc nhn ngi k thng ip d liu v xc nhn s chp thun ca ngi i vi ni dung thng ip d liu c k. iu 3 Ngh nh quy nh chi tit thi hnh Lut Giao dch in t v ch k s v dch v chng thc ch k s: Ch k s l mt dng ch k in t c to ra bng s bin i mt thng ip d liu s dng h thng mt m khng i xng theo ngi c c thng ip d liu ban u v kha cng khai ca ngi k c th xc nh c chnh xc: 2.0.1. a) Vic bin i nu trn c to ra bng ng kha b mt tng ng vi kha cng khai trong cng mt cp kha; b) S ton vn ni dung ca thng ip d liu k t khi thc hin vic bin i nu trn. Hin nay, hai vn m doanh nghip cng nh ngi tiu dng quan tm nht khi tham gia giao dch thng mi in t l: 1) lm th no xc minh c danh tnh cng nh rng buc trch nhim ca i tc khi ton b mt giao dch c bt u v tin hnh trn mi trng in t? 2) Nhng chng t trao i trong qu trnh giao dch phi p ng iu kin g c gi tr php l lm cn c dn chiu v gii quyt khi pht sinh tranh chp? Vi kh nng xc nhn ngi k thng ip d liu v xc nhn s chp thun ca ngi i vi ni dung thng ip d liu c k ng thi xc nh s ton vn ca ni dung thng ip d liu k t khi c k, ch k s l bin php hiu qu v c php lut tha nhn gii quyt nhng vn ny. Lut Giao dch in t cng vi Ngh nh v ch k s v dch v chng thc ch k s thit lp khung php l c bn nht cho vic ng dng ch k s trong mi giao dch hnh chnh, kinh t v dn s. Tuy nhin, n cui nm 2008, ch k s vn cha c trin khai rng ri ti Vit Nam do cn thiu nhng c ch qun l tng ng hin thc ha cc quy nh ca php lut.

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Hp I.8 Trung tm Chng thc Ch k s Quc gia c th trin khai rng ri ng dng ch k s trong x hi, cn phi c h thng cc t chc cung cp dch v chng thc ch k s m trung tm l T chc chng thc ch k s quc gia - vi vai tr c quan qun l, iu phi chung hot ng ca ton h thng. Mun cung cp dch v, cc t chc chng thc ch k s cn phi c T chc chng thc ch k s quc gia thm nh v cp php. Do , hot ng ca T chc chng thc ch k s quc gia l iu kin tin quyt trin khai ng b vic cung cp v ng dng ch k s ti Vit Nam. Thng 6 nm 2008, Trung tm Chng thc Ch k s Quc gia thuc Cc ng dng CNTT c thnh lp theo Quyt nh s 891/Q-BTTTT ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng. Tuy nhin, cho n cui nm 2008, Trung tm mi bt u n nh c cu t chc, hot ng v ang trong qu trnh hon thnh cc th tc lin quan n cng tc thm nh cp php bt u t nm sau c th cp chng th s cho cc nh cung cp dch v chng thc ch k s. Nm 2008, Trung tm cng tip nhn h s ng k cung cp dch v ca t chc cung cp dch v chng thc ch k s u tin l Cng ty VDC. Song song vi vic hon thin v mt t chc Trung tm Chng thc Ch k s Quc gia, mt s quy nh chi tit phc v vic trin khai dch v chng thc ch k s cng ang trong qu trnh xy dng nh d tho Danh mc tiu chun v ch k s v chng thc ch k s, Quyt nh ban hnh biu mu v quy ch bo co thng tin v hot ng chng thc ch k s ca cc t chc cung cp dch v chng thc ch k s v Thng t hng dn v p dng cng ngh ch k s trong cc ng dng CNTT ca dch v cng. Bn cnh vic trin khai ng b dch v chng thc ch k s to iu kin cho qu trnh gii quyt cc tranh chp lin quan n hp ng in t, mt thch thc rt ln na ang t ra cho cc c quan chc nng l vn nng cao nng lc ca h thng t php v trng ti kinh t. Cc c quan xt x ng vai tr trung tm trong vic gii quyt tranh chp, tuy nhin kin thc v thng mi in t ni chung v nng lc gii quyt tranh chp lin quan n hp ng in t ni ring ca cc cn b ta n, lut s v trng ti kinh t Vit Nam hin nay vn cn rt hn ch. y c th ni l mt tr ngi ln cho vic a cc quy nh php lut v thng mi in t vo trin khai trong thc t. Do , nhim v cp bch ang t ra cho nhm gii php T chc thc thi php lut lin quan ti thng mi in t thc hin Quyt nh 222 hin nay chnh l vic nng cao nng lc cn b v xy dng b my hiu qu gii quyt cc tranh chp c kh nng pht sinh, m bo mi trng minh bch, thng sut v cng bng cho giao dch in t trong x hi.

3. Thng k thng mi in t
Thng k l cng c khng th thiu tr gip cho cng tc qun l v ra quyt nh. Vic cha c mt c s d liu thng k ng b v chi tit gy kh khn rt ln cho qu trnh hoch nh chnh sch, xy dng php lut ca c quan qun l nh nc cng nh vic xy dng chin lc kinh doanh v ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip. Quyt nh 222 t nhim v Khn trng trin khai hot ng thng k v thng mi in t l mt

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hot ng ln ca chng trnh T chc thc thi cc quy nh php lut lin quan ti thng mi in t, mt trong nhng nhm chnh sch v gii php ch yu thc y pht trin thng mi in t ti Vit Nam cho ti nm 2010. Cng vi Quyt nh 222, ngy 24 thng 11 nm 2005 Th tng Chnh ph k Quyt nh s 305/2005/Q-TTg ban hnh H thng ch tiu thng k quc gia, trong c mt ch tiu v thng mi in t (ch tiu 1607: S n v c giao dch thng mi in t mc hon chnh, giao B Thng mi (c) v Tng cc Thng k chu trch nhim thu thp tng hp). iu 2 Quyt nh cng nu r: B trng, Th trng c quan ngang B cn c vo H thng ch tiu thng k quc gia c phn cng v yu cu qun l, s dng ca B, ngnh ban hnh H thng ch tiu thng k thuc ngnh lnh vc ph trch. Hp I.9 Vn khoanh vng i tng v phm vi giao dch trong thng k thng mi in t Vic khoanh vng i tng v phm vi giao dch l mt trong nhng vn ct li ca thng k thng mi in t. Sau khi nghin cu phng php lun thng k ca OECD v UNCTAD (hai t chc quc t rt quan tm n cng tc thng k thng mi in t) cng nh mt s quc gia c nn thng mi in t pht trin nh Hoa K, Canada, c, c th rt ra mt s nhn nh sau v vn ny: - a s cc nc v t chc quc t, phc v cho mc ch thng k, khoanh vng khi nim thng mi in t l cc giao dch thng mi (mua v bn hng ha/dch v) tin hnh bng phng tin in t. - im tng i nht qun: xc nh mt giao dch l giao dch thng mi in t, cc nc v t chc quc t ch yu da vo khu t hng/giao kt hp ng. Khu thanh ton v thc hin hp ng c th c tin hnh theo phng php truyn thng. - im khc nhau gia cc nc/t chc v ngay c trong mt t chc l vic khoanh vng cc phng tin in t. C khi phng tin in t c gii hn Internet, c khi c m rng hn bao trm cc mng kt ni my tnh ni chung, hoc hn na l gm c nhng phng tin in t nh in thoi, fax, v.v... Trong bi cnh Vit Nam hin nay, phc v cho mc ch thng k, c th hiu giao dch thng mi in t l vic s dng phng tin in t tin hnh giao dch mua bn hng ha, dch v v cc hot ng thng mi khc. Tuy nhin, thng k theo m ch tiu 1607 gii hn phng tin in t l Internet. S n v c giao dch thng mi in t l s thng nhn s dng Internet trong hot ng kinh doanh. Thng nhn bao gm t chc kinh t c thnh lp hp php, c nhn hot ng thng mi mt cch c lp, thng xuyn v c ng k kinh doanh.

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n v c coi l c giao dch thng mi in t khi trin khai t nht mt trong cc hot ng sau: - Thng xuyn s dng th in t trong hot ng kinh doanh; - C trang thng tin in t phc v hot ng kinh doanh, vi iu kin n v cp nht thng xuyn trang thng tin in t ny trong k thng k; - Thng xuyn truy cp cc trang thng tin in t bn hng ha v dch v, trang thng tin in t u thu, tham gia cc dch v cng trc tuyn, v.v... - ng dng cc chun trao i d liu in t (EDI, ebXML) trong giao dch kinh doanh. Thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc v thng mi in t, ngy 15 thng 10 nm 2008, B Cng Thng c Quyt nh s 37/2008/Q-BCT ban hnh h thng ch tiu thng k v lnh vc thng mi in t. H thng ny bao gm 16 ch tiu, chia lm 3 nhm, phn nh ton din mc sn sng ng dng thng mi in t trong x hi, s n v c giao dch thng mi in t v hiu qu ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip. Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin c giao ch tr, phi hp vi cc V, Cc chc nng trin khai Quyt nh ny. H thng ch tiu thng mi in t ban hnh theo Quyt nh 37/2008/Q-BCT c xy dng da trn kt qu kho st, hc hi h thng ch tiu thng k thng mi in t ca cc quc gia v t chc quc t nhng m bo ph hp vi trnh pht trin ca thng mi in t Vit Nam, p ng c cc nhu cu sau: - Phc v cng tc hoch nh chnh sch, xy dng chin lc ca c quan qun l nhm thc y ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip. - Phc v vic ln k hoch trin khai cc dch v cng trong c quan nh nc. - Phc v doanh nghip trong vic xy dng chin lc kinh doanh v ra quyt nh v hng pht trin, ng dng thng mi in t. - Phc v cc hot ng hp tc quc t v thng mi in t. - Phc v cng tc nghin cu ca cc vin, trng v c quan qun l nh nc. Tuy nhin, vic ban hnh h thng ch tiu thng k thng mi in t mi ch l bc u tin ca l trnh trin khai cng tc thng k nhm hng ti xy dng mt c s d liu ton din, ng b v nht qun v tnh tnh pht trin thng mi in t ti Vit Nam qua cc nm. t c mc tiu ny, Quyt nh 37/2008/Q-BCT ra nhng bc tip theo a h thng ch tiu thng k thng mi in t vo thc hin: - Chun ha khi nim, ni dung v phng php tnh i vi tng ch tiu trong H thng ch tiu thng k v lnh vc thng mi in t. - Xy dng ch bo co thng k nh k cho H thng ch tiu thng k v lnh vc thng mi in t, t chc tp hun cho cc n v p dng thng nht trong ton ngnh.

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- Xy dng chng trnh iu tra thng k ngnh v lnh vc thng mi in t trnh cp c thm quyn ph duyt v t chc thc hin. - Tng hp v cng b s liu thng k v lnh vc thng mi in t trong c nc. - Xy dng v pht trin c s d liu thng k da trn H thng ch tiu thng k v lnh vc thng mi in t. y l nhng vic phi trin khai ngay lp tc n nm 2010, h thng phng php lun thng k thng mi in t v c bn c hon thin, sn sng cho vic trin khai hot ng thng k trn quy m ton quc, h tr kp thi cng tc hoch nh chnh sch, thc thi php lut v tr gip doanh nghip ra quyt nh trong lnh vc ng dng thng mi in t vo giai on sau.

4. Mt s vn khc 4.1. p dng cc quy nh ca m hnh kinh doanh truyn thng vo thng mi in t 4.1.1. Vn s dng tn gi siu th trc tuyn cho cc website bn hng
Thc tin pht trin thng mi in t ti Vit Nam cho thy cc m hnh kinh doanh trc tuyn theo hnh thc B2C (website bn hng chuyn doanh hoc tng hp) v B2B (ni doanh nghip ng ti thng tin, tm kim i tc, c hi kinh doanh, v.v...) ang xut hin ngy cng nhiu. Nhng m hnh kinh doanh ny c rt nhiu tn gi khc nhau nh: ch trc tuyn, sn giao dch thng mi in t, siu th trc tuyn, siu th in t, ca hng trc tuyn, v.v... Trong khi cha c cch nh danh chnh thc c php lut tha nhn, cc tn gi ny ang c doanh nghip s dng mt cch tng i linh hot v c x hi chp nhn. Cu hi t ra cho mt s c quan qun l l liu cc siu th trc tuyn ny c phi p ng nhng tiu chun ca siu th (nh din tch kinh doanh, danh mc hng ha, b tr mt bng, v.v...) theo quy nh hin hnh hay khng? Tuy nhin, vn bn c th nht v vn ny l Quy ch Siu th, Trung tm thng mi ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 1371/2004/Q-BTM ca B trng B Thng mi ngy 24 thng 9 nm 2004 ch p dng cho cc ca hng, siu th truyn thng c din tch kinh doanh, khng iu chnh cc hnh thc t chc kinh doanh trc tuyn. Xt v h thng php lut hin hnh, Lut Giao dch in t, Lut Cng ngh thng tin, Ngh nh Thng mi in t v Ngh nh x pht hnh chnh trong lnh vc Cng ngh thng tin hin l bn vn bn ch yu lin quan n kinh doanh trc tuyn. Tuy nhin, nhng vn bn ny cng cha c quy nh c th v cch phn loi v gi tn cc trang thng tin in t bn hng hay quy nh siu th trc tuyn v trung tm thng mi trc tuyn phi p ng nhng tiu chun g. Do , trong khi Nh nc cha c quy nh c th v tn gi ca tng loi hnh ca hng trc tuyn, doanh nghip c th t cho ca hng trc tuyn ca mnh nhng tn gi khc nhau m php lut khng cm. Tuy nhin, thi gian ti c quan qun l nh nc s xem xt ban hnh quy nh v tiu chun v t tn cho cc trang thng tin in t bn hng.

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V vy, doanh nghip nn cn nhc khi s dng cc tn gi nh siu th trc tuyn hay trung tm thng mi trc tuyn, phng kh nng phi sa li tn gi nu khng p ng c nhng tiu chun ban hnh trong tng lai. Trong khi cha c quy nh c th, cc doanh nghip nn s dng nhng tn gi chung nh ca hng trc tuyn cho website bn hng ca mnh.

4.1.2. p dng cc quy nh v chng t k ton i vi chng t in t

Hin nay, ha n vn c coi l chng t gc c bn nht xc nh cc ngha v v quyn li v thu ca doanh nghip, doanh nghip hch ton chi ph v doanh thu, cng nh xc nhn quyn s hu ca ngi mua hng. Do vy, cc ha n lu hnh trong ni b nn kinh t u phi tun th nhng quy nh nghim ngt ca B Ti chnh v hnh thc in n, ni dung cng nh con du. Chng t in t khng p ng nhng iu kin ny s khng c coi l hp l trong giao dch gia t chc vi c quan thu, mc d chng c gi tr php l nh vn bn v nh bn gc theo quy nh ca php lut hin hnh.

Hp I.10 Gi tr php l ca chng t in t trong hot ng ti chnh Lut K ton 03/2003/QH11: iu 18: Chng t in t c th c coi l chng t k ton khi c cc ni dung quy nh ti iu 17 ca Lut ny v c th hin di dng in t. Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP v giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh: iu 4. Nguyn tc giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh 1. Cc bn tham gia giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh phi thc hin ng nguyn tc quy nh ti iu 5 ca Lut Giao dch in t v cc quy nh khc ca php lut v qun l ti chnh c lin quan. i vi cc giao dch in t trong hot ng nghip v ca ni b cc c quan ti chnh v gia t chc, c nhn vi c quan ti chnh, cc bn tham gia phi thc hin theo quy nh ti iu 40 ca Lut Giao dch in t. iu 5. Gi tr php l ca chng t in t 1. Hnh thc th hin, vic gi, nhn, lu tr v gi tr php l ca chng t in t c thc hin theo Lut Giao dch in t. 2. Chng t in t trong hot ng ti chnh phi p ng cc yu cu v qun l nh nc, ph hp vi quy nh ca php lut i vi cc chuyn ngnh v ti chnh. 3. Chng t in t phi c ch k in t ca nhng ngi c trch nhim k chng t in t.

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4. Trng hp chng t in t ch c ch k ca ngi c thm quyn th h thng thng tin phi c kh nng nhn bit v xc nhn vic x l ca nhng ngi c trch nhim theo quy nh ca php lut trong qu trnh lun chuyn chng t in t n ngi k cui cng. Thng t s 78/2008/TT-BTC hng dn thi hnh mt s ni dung ca Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP v giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh: IV. Gi tr php l ca chng t giy c chuyn i t chng t in t v ngc li (gi tt l chng t chuyn i) A. Gi tr php l ca chng t chuyn i 1. Chng t chuyn i c gi tr php l khi bo m cc yu cu v tnh ton vn ca thng tin trn chng t ngun, k hiu ring xc nhn c chuyn i v ch k, h tn ca ngi thc hin chuyn i c quy nh ti khon 1, khon 2 iu 7 Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP. 2. Trong trng hp cn thit i vi mt s chng t chuyn i, tu theo tng yu cu nghip v, cc n v chuyn mn quy nh cn c ch k ca th trng n v hoc ngi c th trng n v y quyn theo quy nh ca php lut trn chng t chuyn i ti vn bn hng dn chuyn ngnh. Khc vi nhng chng t thng mi lin quan n qu trnh giao kt hp ng, chng t v ha n ti chnh khng ch l cn c phn nh trch nhim gia cc bn tham gia hp ng, m cn c s dng xc nh ngha v ti chnh, thu gia cc bn vi c quan qun l nh nc. Do vy, c th tin hnh mt chu trnh thng mi in t trn vn t khu t hng n khu thanh ton, ngoi s thng nht ch gia cc bn tham gia giao dch cn cn nhng quy nh c th ca c quan qun l nh nc v vic tip nhn v x l cc ha n, chng t in t pht sinh t giao dch ny. Thay v cc mu ha n in sn nh hin hay s l ha n t in t h thng qun l ni b doanh nghip, hoc cc chng t in t c gi, nhn v lu tr trong h thng thng tin ca tng bn tham gia giao dch. nhng chng t ny c gi tr s dng thc t i vi nghip v ti chnh doanh nghip, th ngoi s tha nhn chnh thc ca nh nc v gi tr php l ca chng t in t, cn cn s thay i tng ng trong cc quy nh v ha n chng t ca h thng php lut ti chnh hin hnh. Vic Tng cc Thu gn y khuyn khch doanh nghip s dng ha n t in (vi iu kin c ng k mu ha n v p ng mt s yu cu v th thc ha n) bc u to thun li cho doanh nghip trin khai cc quy trnh giao dch trn nn h thng thng tin qun tr doanh nghip vi mc t ch cao. Tuy nhin, yu cu v ha n chng t giy vi ch k v con du theo cch hiu truyn thng vn l mt tr ngi ln cho vic pht trin cc gii php thng mi in t ton din trong doanh nghip. Trc thc t ny, Tng cc Thu lp n ci cch cng tc qun l, s dng ha n giai on 2007-2012 nhm iu chnh cc quy nh v chng t cho ph hp vi nhng hnh thi kinh doanh mi trong thi k hi nhp. Tuy nhin, y l mt d n di hn v cn c s chun b cng phu cng nh s phi hp ca nhiu thnh phn trong x hi trc khi c th a vo trin khai trn thc t.

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4.2. p dng cc cam kt WTO 4.2.1. p dng cam kt v thu nhp khu i vi sn phm c cung cp trn mng (sn phm
s ha) T nm 1998, T chc Thng mi Th gii (WTO) trin khai cc hot ng nghin cu v thng mi in t. Theo yu cu ca cc nc thnh vin, Ban Th k WTO tin hnh nhiu nghin cu v vai tr ca WTO i vi pht trin thng mi in t. Nhiu nc thnh vin, c cc nc pht trin cng nh ang pht trin, tch cc nghin cu v tham gia nhiu cuc hp nhm h tr tt nht cho s pht trin ca thng mi in t thng qua h thng cc quy tc thng mi a bin cht ch ca WTO. S kin ni bt nht ca WTO v thng mi in t cho ti nay l vic Hi ngh B trng WTO ln th hai t chc vo thng 5 nm 1998 thng qua Tuyn b ca cc B trng WTO v Thng mi in t ton cu. Tuyn b ny bao gm ba ni dung c bn. Ni dung th nht l WTO tha nhn thng mi in t ton cu ang pht trin nhanh chng v to ra cc c hi mi cho thng mi. Ni dung th hai l i Hi ng s xy dng Chng trnh lm vic v Thng mi in t xem xt ton b cc vn lin quan ti thng mi ca thng mi in t ton cu. i Hi ng cng vi cc c quan lin quan ca WTO s trin khai Chng trnh lm vic ny v bo co ti Hi ngh B trng tip theo cc khuyn ngh cn thit thc y s pht trin ca thng mi in t. Ni dung c bn th ba l cc nc thnh vin WTO s tip tc duy tr hin trng khng p t thu nhp khu i vi cc sn phm s ha c cung cp trn mng. T thng 5 nm 2001 ti thng 11 nm 2005 i Hi ng t chc su cuc hp chuyn v thng mi in t. Hai vn ch o xuyn sut cc cuc hp ny l vn phn loi v cc nguyn tc nh hng cho s pht trin ca thng mi in t ton cu. Tuy nhin, do s phc tp cng nh tc pht trin nhanh chng ca cc hnh thi ng dng thng mi in t, cho ti nay cc thnh vin WTO vn cha thng nht c sn phm hay giao dch trong thng mi in t, c bit l cc sn phm s ha c cung cp trn Internet, l hng ha, dch v, hay l mt dng no khc. T , cc thnh vin khng thng nht c s p dng hip nh no (GATT hay GATS) ca WTO i vi nhng sn phm hay giao dch ny. Tuy nhin, mi thnh vin u ng vi mt nguyn tc ch o l khng c to ra s phn bit i x gia cc sn phm s ha c cung cp trn mng vi chnh nhng sn phm khi c cha trong vt th hu hnh v nhp khu qua bin gii. Trong khi vn cha c mt gii php r rng cho vn ny, Vit Nam cn theo di cht ch cc hot ng lin quan ti thng mi in t trong WTO. Mt mt, Vit Nam phi thc hin nghim tc cam kt tm thi cha p dng thu quan vi sn phm nhp khu qua mng. Mt khc, vi t cch l thnh vin chnh thc ca WTO, Vit Nam cn trc tip tham gia cc hot ng ca i Hi ng cng nh ca cc c quan lin quan ng gp ting ni trong vic hnh thnh chnh sch i vi thng mi in t ton cu.

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Hp I.11 Tnh hnh xy dng chnh sch xut nhp khu sn phm phn mm v ni dung s ti Vit Nam Hin trng th trng xut nhp khu sn phm phn mm v ni dung s: Phn mm nhp khu vo Vit Nam tng nhanh trong thi gian qua: nm 2005 t 18 triu USD, nm 2006 t 30 triu USD v nm 2007 c tnh t 65 triu USD. Gi tr gia cng phn mm v dch v lin quan ti phn mm trong 5 nm qua lin tip t tc tng trng trn 50%/nm, nm 2007 tng n 64% v t 180 triu USD. Cha c s liu thng k chnh thc i vi nhp khu ni dung s nhng c tnh khong trn 30-50 triu USD nm 2007. Xut khu sn phm v dch v ni dung s cng bt u xut hin, gi tr c tnh khong 10 triu USD. Mt s vn bn hng dn v qun l xut nhp khu phn mm qua Internet: - Cng vn s 2508/TCHQ-CSQL ca Tng cc Hi quan ngy 9/6/2006 gi Cng ty TNHH Cng ngh v Thng mi Nhn An: Theo quy nh ti iu 4 Lut Hi quan th hng ha xut nhp khu l tt c ng sn, c m s v c xut nhp khu trong a bn hi quan. Nh vy, nu theo khi nim ca Lut Hi quan th nhp khu phn mm qua Internet khng c coi l hng ha nhp khu, vic nhp khu phn mm hin C quan Hi quan khng qun l v khng lm th tc hi quan. ngh doanh nghip lin h C quan Vn ha c hng dn k khai, lm th tc. - Cng vn s 976/TCT-PCCS ca Tng cc Thu ngy 17/3/2006 gi Cc Thu cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc TW: Cn c im 1 mc I phn B Thng t s 120/2003/TT-BTC ngy 12/12/2003 v im 3 Thng t s 84/2004/TT-BTC ngy 18/8/2004 ca B Ti chnh th sn phm phn mm my tnh xut khu qua mng Internet thuc din chu thu GTGT 0%. iu kin c khu tr hoc hon thu GTGT i vi hot ng xut khu sn phm phn mm qua mng Internet vn phi p ng iu kin theo quy nh; khng cn phi c T khai Hi quan hng ha xut khu m ch cn: hp ng cung cp hng ha cho doanh nghip nc ngoi, ha n GTGT, chng t thanh ton qua ngn hng theo quy nh. Qu trnh xy dng chnh sch qun l xut khp khu phn mm qua Internet Ngy 3/12/2007, B Ti chnh c cng vn s 16480/BTC-TCHQ gi B Cng Thng, B Thng tin v Truyn thng, B Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch t vn : Hin nay, B Ti chnh nhn c vn bn ca mt s doanh nghip hi vic xut khu phn mm di hnh thc truyn qua mng Internet c phi lm th tc hi quan khng. V vn ny, B Ti chnh c kin nh sau:

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- Theo quy nh ti khon 2, iu 4 Lut Hi quan th hng ha xut nhp khu l tt c ng sn, c m s v tn gi theo quy nh ca php lut c xut khu, nhp khu, qu cnh hoc lu gi trong a bn hot ng ca Hi quan. Tuy nhin, vi phn mm xut khu nu trn, hin nay cha c m s trong danh mc HS v danh mc biu thu. Do vy, cn c Lut Hi quan nu trn th vic xut khu phn mm qua mng Internet khng c coi l hng ha xut khu nn khng thuc i tng qun l ca c quan Hi quan. - Hin nay, Nh nc khuyn khch xut khu phn mm ra nc ngoi (sn phm tr tu), nhng vic qun l hot ng xut khp khu nh th no th cha c quy nh c th, do vy khuyn khch hot ng ny pht trin nhng vn m bo c yu cu qun l ca Nh nc, B Ti chnh ngh B Cng Thng, B Thng tin v Truyn thng, B Vn ha, Th thao v Du lch c kin v hng qun l i vi hng ha nu trn. Ngy 7/5/2008 B trng B Thng tin v Truyn thng k Quyt nh s 695/Q-BTTTT v vic thnh lp T cng tc xy dng c ch chnh sch qun l v quy trnh th tc xut nhp khu sn phm phn mm v ni dung s qua mng Internet. T cng tc ang xy dng Bo co trnh Th tng Chnh ph, trong xut mt s gii php qun l vic xut nhp khu phn mm qua mng Internet nh sau: - Nghin cu, ban hnh quy nh v m HS cho tng loi sn phm phn mm v sn phm ni dung s; - Xy dng tiu ch nh gi v quy trnh kim tra ni dung phn mm; - Xy dng quy trnh, th tc qun l xut khu, nhp khu sn phm phn mm v sn phm ni dng s; - Xy dng phng n thm nh gi phn mm v ni dung s.

4.2.2. p dng cam kt i vi cc dch v lin quan n thng mi in t

Sau khi Vit Nam gia nhp WTO, qu trnh m ca th trng theo cc cam kt trong c lnh vc hng ha v dch v t cc doanh nghip Vit Nam trc rt nhiu thch thc. Bn cnh nhng vn v nng lc cnh tranh trong bi cnh ton cu, doanh nghip cng lng tng khi phi i mt vi nhiu phng thc cnh tranh mi t cc i th quc t qua nhng knh phi truyn thng nh thng mi in t. xut hin mt s bn khon v vic phn loi cc dch v thng mi in t, cng nh bn thn hot ng kinh doanh trn mi trng in t, vo phn ngnh no trong biu cam kt gia nhp WTO. Vn phn loi ny s c vai tr quyt nh trong vic p dng l trnh cng nh mc m ca vi tng loi hnh dch v. Tuy nhin, Biu cam kt dch v ca cc thnh vin WTO da trn h thng phn ngnh dch v CPC (Central Product Classification) ca Lin Hp quc, trong khi h thng ny cha c phn ngnh dnh ring cho cc dch v thng mi in t.

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Hp I.12 Mt s phn ngnh dch v lin quan n thng mi in t trong CPC 831 CPC 1.0 (tng ng vi m ngnh 841, 842, 843, 849 trong biu PCPC [Provisional CPC]) Ngnh: 8314 - Dch v my tnh (Computer consultancy services) 836 CPC 1.0 (tng ng vi m ngnh 871 trong PCPC) Ngnh: 8362 - Mua bn khng gian hoc thi gian qung co (Purchase or sale of advertising space or time, on commission) 843 CPC 1.0 (tng ng vi m ngnh 849 trong PCPC) Ngnh: 8430 - Dch v cung cp thng tin trc tuyn (On-line information provision services) 8420 CPC 1.0 (tng ng vi m ngnh 7523 trong Provisional CPC) Ngnh: 8420 - Dch v truy cp thng tin trc tuyn (On-line access services) C mt s kin cho rng vic thit lp, qun l v vn hnh cc website thng mi in t, hay nhng dch v h tr thng mi in t khc trn mi trng trc tuyn thuc nhm dch v my tnh. Tuy nhin cn lu , trong khi dch v thit k website l dch v my tnh, vic lp v vn hnh website bn hng ha hoc tin hnh cc hot ng thng mi khc khng phi l dch v my tnh. Website l mt phng thc b sung cc ch th tin hnh nhng hot ng kinh t - x hi rt a dng v khc nhau v mt bn cht. Do , khng th c mt m ngnh dch v p dng chung cho tt c cc website m vic phn loi phi da vo bn cht ca dch v cung cp trn tng website. V d, mt website c lp cung cp dch v qung co th dch v qung co cng tun theo l trnh m ca nh cam kt ca Vit Nam i vi dch v qung co ni chung. y l cch tip cn c nhiu nc trn th gii p dng, tuy nhin xt v di hn, khi mc tiu cui cng m WTO hng ti l t do ha thng mi mc cao nht trn mi lnh vc th vic phn loi dch v ny cng dn tr nn t c ngha.

VII. HP TC QuC T
Thng mi in t l hnh thi pht trin cao ca hi nhp v ton cu ha. Do , hp tc quc t v thng mi in t ng vai tr quan trng trong vic h tr thng mi in t trong nc pht trin, hi nhp vi thng mi in t th gii, gp phn thc y thng mi v nng cao sc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip v nn kinh t.

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Hp I.13 Hot ng ca mt s t chc quc t lin quan ti thng mi in t Ch mt thi gian ngn sau khi Internet ra i v c ng dng trong vic trao i d liu thng mi, ngi ta nhn thy h thng php lut quc t v thng mi t ra khng ph hp vi mi trng kinh doanh mi. Internet xa nha cc bin gii quc gia, rt ngn thi gian giao dch ti mc gn nh tc thi v c th cung cp nhiu dch v theo thi gian thc, rt kh pht hin ngi gi thng tin trong khi thng tin li c th sao chp v pht tn cc k d dng, v.v... Nhiu t chc lin quan ti thng mi ngay lp tc nhn ra s cn thit phi sa i, b sung cc quy nh quc t v thng mi trong mi trng mi. Nhiu t chc thuc Lin Hp quc i tin phong trong vic nghin cu, ph bin cc li ch v ri ro, xut cc chnh sch quc gia v quc t nhm thc y s pht trin ca thng mi in t. Cc t chc ny cng tin hnh m phn v xy dng cc tho thun a phng v thng mi in t. Chng hn, Din n Lin Hp quc v Thng mi v Pht trin (UNCTAD) nghin cu v xut cc vn pht trin v c nhiu nghin cu c gi tr v thng mi in t, ng thi hng nm xy dng Bo co Thng mi in t ton cu. U ban Lin Hp quc v Lut Thng mi quc t (UNCITRAL) xem xt cc vn php l v ngay t nm 1996 xy dng Lut mu v Thng mi in t, to c s php l cho thng mi in t trn phm vi ton cu.1 T chc H tr thng mi v thng mi in t ca Lin Hp quc (UN/CEFACT) ban hnh cc chun trao i d liu in t trn mi trng Internet. T chc S hu tr tu Th gii (WIPO) nghin cu v ban hnh cc quy nh v bo v quyn s hu tr tu ph hp vi mi trng mi. UN/ ECE xem xt cc vn v thun li ha thng mi, T chc Hp tc v Pht trin kinh t (OECD) quan tm nghin cu cc vn v thu, ITU v OECD nghin cu v xut vic tip cn ti h tng c s v vin thng. OECD, ISO v ITU nghin cu v ban hnh cc tiu chun k thut. OECD xem xt cc vn v quyn ring t v an ton trong giao dch in t. c bit, ngay t nm 1980 OECD ban hnh Hng dn v bo v quyn ring t v trao i d liu c nhn qua bin gii v trin khai nhiu hot ng nhm thc y pht trin thng mi in t trong mi trng Internet. Nm 1998, Hip hi cc quc gia ng Nam (ASEAN) a ra 10 nguyn tc ch o v thng mi in t, trong nhn mnh ti vic Chnh ph ng vai tr to dng mi trng mang tnh h tr cho thng mi in t. Cng trong nm 1998, Hi ngh Thng nh cc nh lnh o ca Din n Hp tc Kinh t chu - Thi Bnh Dng (APEC) cng b Chng trnh hnh ng APEC v thng mi in t. Chng trnh hnh ng ny nhn mnh ti s cn thit phi hp tc cht ch gia cc nn kinh t APEC theo hng Chnh ph to mi trng thun li v php l, iu hnh, xy dng lng tin v gng mu i tin phong trong vic pht trin Chnh ph in t. Hi ngh -u (ASEM) cng rt quan tm ti thng mi in t, nhn mnh ti tm quan trng ca vic thit lp Cng thng tin thng mi (the Single Window).

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Ti Quyt nh 222/2005/Q-TTg ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2005, hp tc quc t v thng mi in t c xem l mt nhm gii php ch yu thc hin thnh cng K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010. K hoch nu r: u tin hp tc a phng vi cc t chc kinh t - thng mi quc t v khu vc nh WTO, APEC, ASEAN, ASEM v cc t chc chuyn trch v thng mi ca Lin Hp quc nh UNCTAD, UNCITRAL, UN/CEFACT. u tin hp tc song phng vi cc nc tin tin v thng mi in t v cc nc c kim ngch thng mi ln vi Vit Nam. Trong thi gian qua, c bit t sau khi Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh Quyt nh 222, hot ng hp tc quc t v thng mi in t c quan tm y mnh. Hp tc quc t trong thi gian va qua tp trung vo cc hot ng nhm thc hin cc mc tiu: Hp tc quc t nng cao nng lc qun l v hon thin h thng php lut lin quan n thng mi in t; Thc y vic trao i thng tin, d liu thng qua h thng my tnh ni mng trong ni b nn kinh t v vi cc nn kinh t khc (thng mi phi giy t); y mnh hp tc quc t trong vn bo v d liu c nhn tng cng nim tin v thu ht ngi tiu dng tham gia giao dch thng mi in t; Hp tc vi cc t chc, doanh nghip hng u th gii v ng dng thng mi in t nhm h tr cc doanh nghip gim chi ph giao dch, hnh chnh, nng cao nng lc cnh tranh trong bi cnh ton cu ha ngy cng mnh m nh hin nay.

1. Hp tc a phng v thng mi in t
Xy dng c s h tng lut php lin quan n thng mi in t ph hp vi lut php v thng l quc t ng thi p ng c thc tin pht trin ca tng nn kinh t c ngha quan trng ti s pht trin ca thng mi in t ton cu. Cc t chc quc t v t chc chuyn mn ca Lin Hp quc nh UNCITRAL, UNCTAD, APEC, OECD, v.v ng vai tr tin phong trong vic y mnh hp tc quc t, h tr cc nn kinh t xy dng chnh sch php lut, cng ngh v cc vn lin quan n thng mi in t.

1.1. U ban Lin Hp quc v Lut thng mi quc t (UNCITRAL)

Trc nhng s thay i ln v vic trao i chng t thng mi qua h thng h thng my tnh v nhng phng tin k thut hin i khc, nm 1984 ti phin hp ln th 17, U ban Lin Hp quc v Lut thng mi quc t (UNCITRAL) a ch cc nh hng v mt php l ca vic x l d liu t ng i vi thng mi quc t vo din u tin gii quyt trong chng trnh lm vic ca mnh. Sau nhiu nm nghin cu v xy dng, y ban Lin Hp quc v Lut thng mi quc t thng qua Lut mu v Thng mi in t ti cuc hp ln th 605, ngy 12 thng 6 nm 1996. y ban ny cng kin ngh tt c cc quc gia dnh s u tin xem xt Lut mu v Thng mi in t ca UNCITRAL khi ban hnh hoc iu chnh cc vn bn php lut, nhm mc tiu thng nht cc lut iu chnh cc loi hnh truyn gi v lu tr thng tin... Sau khi Lut mu v Thng mi in t c ban hnh, nhiu quc gia tin hnh xy dng lut php da trn cc iu khon ca Lut mu ca UNCITRAL nh: Singapore (1998), Hn Quc (1999), Australia (1999), Brunei Darussalam (2000), Trung Quc (2004), Colombia (1999), Dominican Republic (2002), Ecuador (2002), Php (2000), n (2000), Ireland (2000), Mexico

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(2000), New Zealand (2002), Pakistan (2002), Panama (2001), Philippines (2000), Slovenia (2000), Nam Phi (2002), Sri Lanka (2006), Thi Lan (2002), v.v Tip tc h tr v khuyn khch cc quc gia, vng lnh th xy dng h thng php lut lin quan n thng mi in t tun th nhng nguyn tc chung, ngy 23 thng 11 nm 2005, i Hi ng Lin Hp quc ban hnh Ngh quyt s 60/21 ph chun Cng c quc t v S dng Chng t in t trong Hp ng thng mi Quc t v ngh cc quc gia tham gia. Cng c a ra ra mt khung quy nh chung cho nhng vn c bn nht v giao kt v thc hin hp ng thng qua cc phng tin in t. Mc tiu ca cng c l gp phn xa b tr ngi i vi vic s dng chng t in t trong giao dch thng mi quc t, nng cao tnh chc chn v phng din php l v tin cy v phng din thng mi ca hp ng in t v gip cc quc gia thnh vin tip cn c nhng phng thc tin hnh thng mi hin i, hiu qu nht. n nay c gn 20 quc gia k ph chun Cng c ny, gm: Trung Quc, Cng ha Trung Phi, Honduras, Colombia, Philippines, Singapore, Hn Quc, Lin bang Nga, Saudi Arabia, v.v Ti Vit Nam, ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005, Quc hi thng qua Lut Giao dch in t. Trong qu trnh son tho Lut Giao dch in t, ngoi vic tham kho Lut mu ca UNCITRAL v Thng mi in t v Cng c ca Lin Hp quc v s dng chng t in t trong Hp ng thng mi quc t, Vit Nam cng nghin cu, trao i, hc tp kinh nghim ca Hoa K, Canada, EU, Php, Hn Quc, Singapore, Thi Lan, Ban Th k ASEAN, v.v cng nh cc t chc chuyn mn, cng ty lut, cc chuyn gia trong nc v ngoi nc am hiu v lnh vc thng mi in t. Ni dung ca Lut Giao dch in t 2005 c xy dng ph hp vi lut php Vit Nam v tun th cc iu khon ca Lut mu, m bo s hi ha vi lut php v thng l quc t v giao dch in t. Sau Lut Giao dch in t, nm 2006 Quc hi thng qua Lut Cng ngh thng tin. Tng t Lut Giao dch in t, Lut Cng ngh thng tin c xy dng trn c s nghin cu, hc tp kinh nghim ca cc quc gia c cng ngh thng tin pht trin v cc t chc quc t lin quan. T nm 2006 n nay, Chnh ph ban hnh nhiu ngh nh hng dn thc hin Lut Giao dch in t v Lut Cng ngh thng tin. H thng cc vn bn v cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t hin nay kh hon chnh. y chnh l khung php l quan trng thng mi in t Vit Nam pht trin mnh m hn trong thi gian ti. T nm 2006 n nay, Vit Nam cng tch cc tham gia vo cc cuc hp lin quan n thng mi in t ca UNCITRAL.

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1.2. Din n Hp tc Kinh t Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (APEC)

Mt trong nhng xu hng hp tc quc t ln trong v thng mi in t m nhiu t chc quc t v cc nn kinh t quan tm y mnh l hp tc quc t nhm thc y thng mi phi giy t (paperless trading). Mc tiu chnh ca hp tc quc t v thng mi phi giy t l tin ti s dng chng t in t trong hot ng giao dch thng mi quc t nhm gim bt chi ph lin quan ti vic s dng chng t giy, nng cao tnh minh bch trong thng mi, ci thin sc cnh tranh cho cc doanh nghip v cc nn kinh t. APEC l mt trong cc t chc i tin phong trong lnh vc hp tc quc t v thng mi in t. y mnh hp tc quc t trong APEC v thng mi in t, nm 1998 cc B trng APEC thng qua K hoch hnh ng v thng mi in t (APEC Blueprint for Action on Electronic Commerce) vi nhiu mc tiu, trong thng nht rng cc nn kinh t phi n lc ct gim hoc loi b chng t giy trong th tc hi quan, th tc qun l thng mi qua bin gii v nhng vn bn, chng t lin quan ti vn ti bin, vn ti hng khng, ng b, v.v y nhanh vic trin khai K hoch hnh ng, nm 1999 APEC thnh lp Nhm Ch o v thng mi in t (Electronic Commerce Steering Group - ECSG). Nhm tng cng kh nng hp tc, phi hp ca ECSG trong vic gii quyt cc vn lin quan ti thng mi v u t. T nm 2007 ECSG c chuyn v trc thuc U ban Thng mi v u t ca APEC (Committee on Trade and Investment - CTI). ECSG c hai tiu nhm: Tiu nhm cng tc v thng mi phi giy t (Paperless Trading Subgroup - PTS) v Tiu nhm cng tc v bo v d liu c nhn (Data Privacy Subgroup DTS). Chnh thc tr thnh thnh vin ca APEC vo nm 1998, Vit Nam tch cc tham gia vo hot ng ca ECSG trong c hai lnh vc thng mi phi giy t (paperless trading) v bo v d liu c nhn (data privacy) ca APEC. T nm 2006 n nay, Vit Nam tham gia kh tch cc vo hot ng ca ECSG. Nm 2006, Vit Nam ng cai cc phin hp v thng mi in t ca APEC v c bu lm ch tch Tiu nhm Thng mi phi giy t ca ECSG. Bn cnh cc cuc hp nh k ca ECSG, trong cc nm 2006 n 2008 Vit Nam t chc 2 hi tho quc t ln trong khun kh APEC vi cc ch Bo v thng tin c nhn trong giao dch thng mi in t v Chnh ph in t v Giao dch kinh doanh phi giy t: hi ha li ch gia nh nc v doanh nghip. T nm 2007, Vit Nam tch cc tham gia vo vic xy dng 9 d n ca Chng trnh Bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ca APEC (APEC Data Privacy Pathfinder Initiative). Trong khun kh cc cuc hp ti SOM III APEC thng 8 nm 2008, ECSG nht tr v c bn d tho ni dung cc d n, bao gm: 1) B tiu ch chung hng dn cc t chc, doanh nghip xy dng h thng bo v d liu c nhn qua bin gii (d n 1); 2) B nguyn tc m cc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn (Trustmark) cn thc hin c chp thun l t chc Trustmark c APEC cng nhn (d n 2); 3) B tiu ch Trustmark s dng nh gi s tun th ca cc t chc, doanh nghip vi Nhng nguyn tc bo v d liu c nhn ca APEC (d n 3); 4) Danh b cc c quan ph trch v bo v d liu c nhn ca cc nn kinh t thnh vin (d n 5); 5) Mu Tho thun hp tc bo v d liu c nhn qua bin gii (d n 6); 6) Mu ngh gii quyt tranh chp qua bin gii v bo v d liu c nhn (d n 7).

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ECSG thng nht s bt u Trin khai th im vic bo v d liu c nhn qua bin gii (d n 9) vo u nm 2009 sau khi c thng qua, bng cch p dng th nghim cc vn bn ni trn vo thc t. Qua cc hot ng trong ECSG, Vit Nam khng nh c v th v vai tr ngy cng tch cc trong hot ng hp tc quc t v thng mi in t trong khu vc APEC.

1.3. Hip hi cc quc gia ng Nam (ASEAN)

i vi hp tc trong ASEAN, Thng mi phi giy t l mt lnh vc c cc quc gia thnh vin rt quan tm, ngy 9 thng 12 nm 2005 ASEAN k kt Tha thun xy dng ASEAN Single Window. Theo , Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thi Lan v Singapore phi a Single Window quc gia vo hot ng mun nht trong nm 2008; Campuchia, Lo, Myanmar v Vit Nam phi a Single Window quc gia vo hot ng khng mun hn nm 2012. ASEAN in t (e-ASEAN) l mt trong 11 lnh vc u tin c a vo L trnh hi nhp nhanh ca ASEAN. Nhm thc y hn na tin trnh hi nhp, Hi ngh cc Quan chc Kinh t cp cao (SEOM) vo cui thng 10 nm 2006 thng qua Bn sa i Hip nh khung ASEAN v Hi nhp nhanh cc ngnh u tin v Bn sa i Ngh nh th Hi nhp nhanh cc ngnh u tin, cam kt t do ha v tng cng hp tc hn na trn nhng lnh vc mi nhn ca nn kinh t, trong c thng mi in t. Vn cng nhn ln nhau v chng t in t cng c a vo ni dung ca Hip nh v Khu mu dch t do ASEAN - Hn Quc (AKFTA), theo cc bn s cng nhn chng nhn xut in t ca nhau. Hin nay, Vit Nam chp nhn giy chng nhn xut x in t cho cc l hng xut khu t Hn Quc. T nm 2006 n nay, B Cng Thng ang tch cc trin khai thc hin n Cp chng nhn xut x in t (eCoSys). Trong nm 2008, B Cng Thng lm vic vi cc c quan chc nng Hn Quc, Trung Quc, i Loan v Singapore trin khai vic kt ni, cng nhn ln nhau v CO in t (eCO). Mc tiu n nm 2010, Vit Nam s c th tin ti cng nhn ln nhau v chng nhn xut x in t vi cc nn kinh t ny. Hin nay cc vn v thng mi in t cng c a vo ni dung m phn v khu vc mu dch t do gia ASEAN vi nhiu i tc ln nh Nht Bn, Australia v New Zealand. D tho v thng mi in t trong khu vc mu dch t do ASEAN - Australia - New Zealand cp n nhiu vn , t tha nhn gi tr php l ca giao dch in t, min thu cho cc sn phm s ha truyn qua phng tin in t, bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng, bo v thng tin c nhn, tha nhn ln nhau cc cng ngh ch k in t cho n khuyn khch p dng cc th tc hi quan in t v cc bin php thun li ha thng mi khc trong khu vc mu dch t do.

1.4. Cc t chc a phng khc

T nm 2006 n nay, Vit Nam cng tch cc tham gia vo hot ng ca cc t chc lin quan n thng mi phi giy t nh UN/CEFACT (T chc H tr thng mi v thng mi in t ca Lin Hp quc), AFACT (Hi ng Chu - Thi Bnh Dng v thun li ha thng mi v kinh doanh in t).

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UN/CEFACT l t chc H tr thng mi v thng mi in t ca Lin Hp quc. Nhim v ca UN/CEFACT l nng cao nng lc cho cc c quan qun l Nh nc, cc doanh nghip, cc t chc hot ng trong lnh vc thng mi ca cc quc gia, nhm nng cao hiu qu hot ng thng mi, c bit l ngoi thng, t ng gp vo s tng trng thng mi ton cu. Mt trong nhng hot ng chnh ca UN/CEFACT l xy dng v h tr ng dng cc chun trao i d liu in t thng nht trn phm vi ton th gii nhm gip cc c quan qun l nh nc, doanh nghip chuyn t s dng chng t giy sang chng t in t vi mc tiu gim chi ph giao dch, gim th tc hnh chnh v n gin ha vic truyn gi d liu qua bin gii. Hin nay UN/CEFACT ang trin khai xy dng H thng chun trao i d liu in t mi cho thng mi ton cu (UNeDocs). Vic thng nht s dng cc chun ny s l cng c hu hiu cho vic trao i d liu in t qua bin gii. AFACT l t chc H tr thng mi v thng mi in t khu vc Chu - Thi Bnh Dng. Mc tiu ca AFACT l trin khai cc hot ng thc y thc hin chnh sch h tr thng mi v thng mi in t ti khu vc, trong tp trung vo cc vn m UN/CEFACT xut nhm hng dn, thc y, khuyn khch v nng cao nng lc ca cc doanh nghip, cc c quan qun l nh nc ca cc nn kinh t thnh vin. Hng nm, Vit Nam u tham gia v c ng gp tch cc vo cc hot ng chung ca AFACT. Vi s tch cc v nng ng , ti Hi ngh ton th ca AFACT nm 2008 ti Seoul, Hn Quc, Vit Nam c bu vo Ban Ch o AFACT nhim k 2009 - 2010. Vic xy dng v cng c nim tin ca ngi tiu dng i vi vic tham gia thng mi in t rt quan trng, nht l i vi mt quc gia nh Vit Nam khi vic s dng tin mt vn l ch yu v mua bn trc tip l phng thc ph bin. gip cc doanh nghip thng mi in t nng cao uy tn, li cun ngi tiu dng tham gia mua sm qua mng, B Cng Thng h tr Trung tm Pht trin thng mi in t (EcomViet) v Hip hi Thng mi in t Vit Nam trin khai Chng trnh Chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn (TrustVn). ng thi, B Cng Thng cng tch cc h tr TrustVn tham gia hp tc quc t hc tp kinh nghim, nng cao uy tn ca mnh v cc doanh nghip thnh vin. Thng 6 nm 2008, Vit Nam ch tr ng cai Hi ngh thng nin ln th 6 ca Lin minh cc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (Asia - Pacific Trustmark Alliance - ATA). Cng nhn dp ny, ATA chnh thc kt np n v ch tr trin khai TrustVn l EcomViet lm thnh vin chnh thc. T nm 2007 n nay Cng Thng mi in t quc gia (ECVN) cng tch cc tham gia hot ng trong khun kh Lin minh Thng mi in t Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (PAA) vi t cch l quan st vin.

2. Hp tc song phng v thng mi in t

Bn cnh cc hot ng hp tc trong khun kh a phng, t nm 2006 n nay Vit Nam cng ch ng y mnh hot ng hp tc song phng vi cc quc gia v vng lnh th nh Hoa K, Trung Quc, Hn Quc, i Loan, v.v... Hp tc song phng v thng mi in t trong thi gian qua c thc hin c cp cc c quan qun l nh nc v doanh nghip.

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Hp tc vi Trung Quc, B Thng mi Vit Nam (nay l B Cng Thng) v B Thng mi Trung Quc phi hp xy dng website www.vietnamchina.gov.vn tng cng cung cp thng tin v kinh t - thng mi cho doanh nghip hai nc. Website www.vietnamchina.gov.vn c Lnh o cp cao hai nc chnh thc khai trng nhn dp tham d Hi ngh Thng nh APEC ti H Ni thng 11 nm 2006. Thng 6 nm 2008, B Cng Thng Vit Nam lm vic vi B Thng mi Trung Quc v cc c quan hu quan trao i v hot ng cp chng nhn xut x in t ca hai nc, chun b tin ti cng nhn ln nhau v eCO trong thi gian ti. Hp tc song phng v thng mi in t vi Hoa K c y mnh trong giai on 2007 - 2008 v tp trung vo lnh vc bo v d liu c nhn. Thng 11 nm 2007 B Cng Thng phi hp vi B Thng mi (US DOC) v Hi ng Thng mi Lin Bang Hoa K (US FTC) t chc thnh cng Hi tho quc t Bo v d liu c nhn v s pht trin ca thng mi in t trong APEC: Kinh nghim ca Hoa K ti H Ni. Thng 3 nm 2008, B Cng Thng phi hp vi US FTC t chc Hi tho: Cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn Trustmark: Gii php nng cao kh nng cnh tranh ca doanh nghip thng mi in t Vit Nam trong khu vc Chu - Thi Bnh Dng ti thnh ph H Ch Minh. y mnh hp tc song phng gia hai nc trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t, thng 9 nm 2007 Vit Nam v Hoa K thnh lp Din n Cng ngh thng tin Vit Nam - Hoa K (Vietnam - US ICT Dialogue) vi s tham gia ca cc c quan qun l nh nc, cc doanh nghip v t chc hu quan ca hai nc. Hi ngh cc Quan chc cp cao (SOM) u tin v thng mi in t gia B Cng Thng Vit Nam v B Thng mi v Hi ng Thng mi Lin bang Hoa K c t chc ti H Ni thng 11 nm 2007. Hai bn nht tr s tng cng hp tc song phng v thng mi in t trong khun kh hp tc APEC v Vit Nam - US ICT Dialogue. Nhiu tp on ln ca Hoa K trong lnh vc Cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t nh Microsoft, IBM, Intel, IDG, Yahoo, Google, eBay, v.v... chnh thc c mt v hot ng tch cc ti th trng Vit Nam. Ngoi ra, hot ng song phng v thng mi in t vi cc quc gia v vng lnh th khc cng c y mnh. Hn Quc l mt quc gia hot ng rt tch cc trong hp tc quc t v thng mi in t. B Cng Thng Vit Nam ang phi hp vi Hn Quc trin khai vic cng nhn ln nhau v eCO, B K hoch v u t phi hp vi Cc Mua sm cng ca Hn Quc kho st, trin khai d n Thit lp h thng mua sm in t th nghim ti Vit Nam. Vit Nam cng trao i nhiu on kho st, hc tp kinh nghim trin khai thng mi in t ti Hn Quc, phi hp vi cc c quan hu quan ca Hn Quc nh KTNET, t chc nhiu hi tho v thng mi in t ti Vit Nam. Hp tc v thng mi in t vi i Loan trong thi gian qua pht trin kh tt. Trong khun kh hp tc APEC, t nm 2006, Hc vin Cng ngh thng tin truyn thng i Loan (III) tham gia trin khai Chng trnh C hi s (ADOC) ti Vit Nam, gp phn nng cao nhn thc v kh nng ng dng cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t cho cc doanh nghip Vit

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Nam. Trong khun kh ADOC, i Loan cng h tr Hip hi Thng mi in t Vit Nam xy dng 1 c s o to trc tuyn ti H Ni. Nht Bn l quc gia c thng mi in t pht trin hng u trn th gii v l i tc thng mi ln ca Vit Nam. Trong thi gian qua, mc d c nhng n lc nht nh t c hai bn, hp tc vi Nht Bn trong lnh vc thng mi in t vn cn hn ch, ch yu tp trung trong cc hot ng trong khun kh a phng nh APEC, ASEAN - Nht Bn, ATA, v.v...

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CHNG II
VN BO V D LIU C NHN TRONG THNG MI IN T

I. II. III. IV. V.

Khi qut Thc trng vn bo v d liu c nhn ti Vit Nam Vn bo v c nhn khi trin khai ng dng thng mi in t ti doanh nghip Jetstar Pacific Airlines Mt m hnh trin khai bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t Chng trnh cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn Vit Nam - TrustVn

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CHNG II

VN BO V D LIU C NHN TRONG THNG MI IN T

I. KHI QuT 1. Vai tr ca bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t
Trong thi i ton cu ha hin nay, vic trao i thng tin c ngha rt quan trng i vi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Ngun thng tin chnh xc, kp thi vi chi ph thp s gip doanh nghip trin khai hot ng hiu qu hn, nng cao nng lc cnh tranh trong mi trng kinh doanh ton cu ngy cng khc nghit. Do , vic m bo cho thng tin c trao i lin tc trong phm vi quc gia cng nh quc t c ngha ht sc quan trng trong vic thc y thng mi pht trin. Nu nh trc y, vic tip cn, thu thp, tng hp v phn tch thng tin thng gp nhiu kh khn, mt thi gian v rt tn km th vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca CNTT v thng mi in t, doanh nghip c th thc hin nhng cng vic ny nhanh chng v vi chi ph thp hn bao gi ht. Trong thi gian va qua, vi tc pht trin nhanh chng ca ng dng CNTT v thng mi in t vo hot ng sn xut kinh doanh, c bit l vi s pht trin ca Internet, giao dch thng mi in t ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam tng mnh, khi lng thng tin trao i ngy cng nhiu. Tuy nhin, nhng vi phm lin quan n thng tin c nhn cng ngy mt nhiu hn, gy tm l e ngi cho cc c nhn, t chc khi tham gia giao dch thng mi in t. Theo kt qu kho st ca Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin - B Cng Thng, trong giai on 3 nm t 2006 - 2008, vn bo mt, an ton thng tin, trong bao gm c thng tin c nhn lun c cc doanh nghip nh gi l mt trong nhng ro cn ln nht i vi s pht trin thng mi in t Vit Nam. Trn phm vi ton cu, cc t chc, cc quc gia c nhng quan im, chnh sch v c ch rt khc nhau i vi vn bo v d liu c nhn. V d, Lin minh Chu u (EU) cm khng cho chuyn giao thng tin c nhn ra ngoi EU n cc quc gia thiu cc bin php bo v d liu c nhn mt cch thch ng theo quan im ca EU. Hoa K ban hnh nhiu vn bn lut c lin quan ti bo v d liu c nhn nh o lut Bo v quyn ring t ca tr em trn mng, o lut Gramm-Leach-Bliley, hay nh o lut Bo co tn dng trung thc, v.v cc vn bn lut ny u c nhng quy nh c th v bo v quyn ring t v thng tin c nhn. Australia v New Zealand ban hnh Lut Bo v quyn ring t. Nga ban hnh Lut Bo v d liu. Canada ban hnh Lut v thng tin c nhn v chng t in t vo nm 2000, v.v Hin nay, c trn 50 quc gia v vng lnh th thc thi lut php lin quan ti bo v d liu c nhn vi nhiu mc khc nhau. Do h thng lut php ca cc quc gia c xy dng trn nhng quan im v cch tip cn khc nhau i vi vn bo v quyn ring t v thng tin c nhn, vic trao i thng tin thng qua cc phng tin in t hin i gia cc quc gia,

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vng lnh th trn th gii hin ang gp nhiu kh khn, tr ngi v mt php l. Vn ny gy ra nhng nh hng khng nh ti hot ng thng mi.

2. Cc m hnh v bo v d liu c nhn trn th gii

Vn bo v d liu c nhn nhn c s quan tm nhiu hn sau Chin tranh th gii th II. trnh vic s dng thng tin c nhn gy hi cho cng dn nh xy ra trong Chin tranh th gii th 2, nm 1950 Chu u php in ha vn quyn ring t nh l mt quyn c bn ca con ngi ti Cng c Chu u v Bo v nhn quyn v quyn t do c bn ca con ngi. Sau , vo nm 1973 Hi ng B trng Chu u ban hnh hai Ngh quyt v bo v d liu c nhn lin quan ti ngn hng d liu in t. Ngh quyt th nht a ra cc nguyn tc c bn v bo v d liu cho khu vc t nhn. Ngh quyt cn li ban hnh cc quy nh cho khu vc cng. Ti Hoa K, U ban t vn c bit v quyn ring t ca B Y t, Gio dc v Phc li Hoa K xut Nhng nguyn tc v s dng thng tin cng bng (FIPPS) ln u tin vo nhng nm 1970. Nhim v ca U ban l nghin cu nh hng ca cc h thng x l d liu t ng i vi quyn ring t. U ban ny kin ngh B Y t, Gio dc v Phc li Hoa K xut Quc hi thng qua D lut v S dng thng tin cng bng iu chnh vic tip cn, x l, s dng, lu tr, bo v thng tin c nhn. Nm 1974, Quc hi Hoa K thng qua o lut v Quyn ring t. o lut ny a ra nhng quy nh i vi vic x l thng tin c nhn ca cc c quan lin bang. o lut ny cng cho php thnh lp y ban Nghin cu v bo v quyn ring t nghin cu, nh gi thc trng s dng v bo v thng tin nh danh c nhn. V hp tc quc t, T chc Hp tc v Pht trin kinh t (OECD) l t chc i tin phong trong lnh vc bo v quyn ring t v d liu c nhn. Sau nhiu nm nghin cu, OECD ban hnh Hng dn v bo v quyn ring t v trao i d liu c nhn qua bin gii nm 1980. Hng dn ca OECD a ra 08 nguyn tc v bo v quyn ring t v d liu c nhn, bao gm: Thng bo trc; Gii hn phm vi thu thp d liu c nhn; Gii hn phm vi s dng d liu c nhn; Tip cn v iu chnh d liu c nhn; Bo m an ninh, an ton d liu c nhn; Bo m tnh chnh xc ca d liu c nhn; Bo m tnh ton vn ca d liu c nhn; v Trch nhim thc hin. Hng dn ny ca OECD cng ngh cc thnh vin trin khai tt c cc bin php hp l v ph hp bo m vic trao i d liu c nhn qua bin gii c lin tc v an ton. Bn cnh , Hng dn cng ngh cc thnh vin trnh vin dn vic bo v quyn ring t v d liu c nhn xy dng cc lut l, chnh sch v bin php nhn danh bo v quyn ring t v d liu c nhn c th to ra cc tr ngi qu mc cn thit i vi vic trao i d liu c nhn. Nm 1981, cc quc gia thnh vin ca Hi ng Chu u ph chun Cng c bo v c nhn lin quan n vic x l d liu c nhn t ng. Nm 1995, Lin minh Chu u ban hnh Ch th s 95/46/EC v bo v c nhn lin quan ti vic x l d liu c nhn v vic truyn gi t do cc d liu ny (Ch th ca y ban Chu u v bo v d liu c nhn). Ch th yu cu cc nc thnh vin ban hnh lut quc gia v vn ny v thnh lp c quan c lp thc thi lut php v bo v d liu c nhn. Xut pht t s pht trin chnh sch v php l ni trn, hin nay trn th gii ang tn ti ba m hnh bo v d liu c nhn c bn, bao gm: M hnh ca Lin minh Chu u xy dng trn c s Ch th ca y ban Chu u (EC) v bo v d liu c nhn nm 1995; m hnh ca

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Hoa K da trn cc o lut c th cho cc ngnh khc nhau, cc bin php t qun l ca khu vc t nhn; v m hnh ca Din n hp tc kinh t Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (APEC) xy dng trn c s kt hp m hnh ca Lin minh Chu u vi m hnh ca Hoa K. Hin nay, cc nn kinh t thnh vin APEC ang tch cc trin khai Chng trnh Bo v d liu c nhn ca khi da trn Cc nguyn tc c bn v bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ca APEC.

2.1. M hnh bo v d liu c nhn ca Lin minh Chu u

Nm 1995, y ban Chu u thng qua Ch th s 95/46/EC v bo v d liu c nhn. c xy dng da trn Hng dn ca OECD v bo v quyn ring t v trao i d liu c nhn qua bin gii, Ch th s 95/46/EC bao qut ton b vn bo v d liu c nhn v l c s cc quc gia thnh vin xy dng lut quc gia. Do mi quc gia u c nhng c im ring v h thng chnh tr, php lut, vic thc hin Ch th ti cc quc gia thnh vin cng c nhng s khc bit nht nh. Ch th s 95/46/EC iu chnh gn nh ton b cc vn lin quan n bo v d liu c nhn c trong mi trng in t v mi trng truyn thng, khng phn bit gia d liu in t vi d liu giy. Tuy nhin, Ch th ny cng quy nh mt s trng hp ngoi l lin quan ti an ninh quc gia, thc thi php lut v mt s loi thng tin c nhn nhy cm, cm thu thp nu nh khng c s ng r rng ca ch th d liu c nhn. Ch th s 95/46/EC cm vic truyn gi d liu c nhn ti cc nc khng c cc bin php bo v d liu c nhn mt cch thch ng theo cch nh gi ca EU. Hin nay, ch c mt s quc gia p ng c quy nh ny ca EU nh Canada, Argentina, Thu S, v.v... Ngay c Hoa K cng cha p ng y quy nh v cc bin php bo v d liu c nhn mt cch thch ng ca EU. V vy, m bo cc doanh nghip ti khu vc EU c th truyn gi thng tin c nhn sang Hoa K, hai bn m phn, xy dng v a vo vn hnh Chng trnh Cng an ton gia Hoa K v EU (US - EU Safe Harbor Framework) t nm 2000. Theo Chng trnh ny, cc doanh nghip Hoa K mun nhn d liu t i tc EU phi ng k tham gia Chng trnh Cng an ton. Sau gn 10 nm hot ng, US - EU Safe Harbor Framework chng t c vai tr ca mnh nh l mt cu ni hiu qu gii quyt nhng vng mc v mt php l, gip cc doanh nghip ca hai bn c th trao i thng tin c nhn vi nhau khi tin hnh cc giao dch thng mi.

2.2. M hnh bo v d liu c nhn ca Hoa K

Quan im ca Hoa K l khuyn khch cc doanh nghip t qun l vic bo v d liu c nhn v xem y l cng c hiu qu trin khai vic bo v d liu c nhn trong nn kinh t ton cu. Tuy nhin, Hoa K cng ban hnh nhiu o lut lin quan ti bo v d liu c nhn trong cc lnh vc c tnh nhy cm cao, v d nh o lut Gramm-Leach-Bliley nm 1999 v hin i ha dch v ti chnh, o lut Bo v quyn ring t ca tr em trn mng nm 1998, o lut v bo co tn dng trung thc, o lut Sarbanes Oxley nm 2002 v ci cch hot ng ti chnh ca doanh nghip tham gia th trng chng khon v bo v nh u t, v.v... o lut v Hi ng Thng mi Lin bang nm 1934 giao Hi ng Thng mi Lin bang iu tra v khi t cc doanh nghip c nhng hnh vi thng mi khng cng bng v la o nh khng tun th, thc hin nhng cam kt v bo v thng tin c nhn trong cc chnh sch bo v quyn ring t m doanh nghip cng b cng khai.

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Hoa K nh gi cao v khuyn khch doanh nghip xy dng, pht trin cc chng trnh cp chng nhn uy tn v bo v quyn ring t v d liu c nhn. y l l mt trong cc c ch t qun l ca khu vc t nhn i vi vic bo v d liu c nhn. Theo , t chc cp chng nhn uy tn xy dng v a ra mt b cc nguyn tc bo v quyn ring t v d liu c nhn. Cc t chc tham gia chng trnh cam kt tun th b nguyn tc s c cng nhn l t chc c uy tn v c dn nhn tn nhim ln website ca t chc mnh. Trong trng hp t chc c chng nhn uy tn vi phm cc quy nh s b thu hi nhn tn nhim, v tu theo trng hp c th c th s b p dng cc bin php trng pht. Ngoi ra, hin nay Hoa K cng khuyn khch cc doanh nghip p dng cng ngh hin i cho php ngi tiu dng hoc khch hng kim tra xem thng tin ca mnh c s dng nh th no. Cc c ch t qun l v cng ngh hin i cho php ngi tiu dng tng cng qun l thng tin c nhn ca mnh khi tham gia giao dch in t. Cc c ch ny cng vi mt s bin php nh kim tra ti ch, kim nh h thng, cc giao thc v an ton, an ninh h thng s to ra mt c ch bo v thng tin nh danh c nhn nhiu tng c cp quc gia v quc t.

2.3. M hnh bo v d liu c nhn ca APEC

Sau gn 20 nm pht trin (1989 - 2008), APEC ang tr thnh mt t chc hp tc kinh t a phng c vai tr ngy cng quan trng trn th gii vi tng GDP chim trn 50% GDP ton cu v s thnh vin tng t 12 ln 21 quc gia v vng lnh th. Vi trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi khc nhau ca cc thnh vin, cc nh lnh o APEC nhn thc r li ch to ln m thng mi in t c th mang li v nhng thch thc cn gii quyt c th bin nhng li ch tim tng ca thng mi in t tr thnh u th cnh tranh ca khu vc. pht trin thng mi in t trong khu vc, vic to dng nim tin ca ngi tiu dng vo cc h thng trao i d liu an ton, hiu qu v ng tin cy c ngha rt quan trng. Nm 1998, khi ph chun K hoch hnh ng v Thng mi in t, cc B trng APEC nhn nh s khng th c th ha c tim nng to ln ca thng mi in t nu thiu s hp tc gia nh nc v doanh nghip trong vic xy dng v thc thi cc chnh sch v thng mi in t, pht trin v ng dng cng ngh. Trong , vic xy dng chnh sch bo v d liu c nhn l mt trong nhng gii php quan trng. Trin khai K hoch hnh ng v thng mi in t, thng 11 nm 2004, cc B trng APEC ph chun Nhng nguyn tc c bn v bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ca APEC (APEC Privacy Framework). B nguyn tc ny s gip cc nn kinh t thnh vin xy dng mt cch c hiu qu cc c ch bo v d liu c nhn trong ni b nn kinh t v trong trao i thng tin qua bin gii. ng thi, vi b nguyn tc ny, cc nn kinh t thnh vin s c mt chun chung khng to ra cc ro cn bt hp l i vi vic trao i thng tin khi xy dng ni lut ca mnh, qua thc y kinh t - thng mi trong khu vc pht trin nhanh v bn vng. Nhng nguyn tc c bn v bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ca APEC c xy dng trn c s s dng cc gi tr ct li trong Hng dn v bo v quyn ring t v trao i d liu c nhn qua bin gii ca OECD v cc bi hc kinh nghim rt ra t vic trin khai thc tin ca hai m hnh bo v d liu c nhn ca Lin minh Chu u v Hoa K. B nguyn tc ny a ra nhng khi nim c bn v bo v d liu c nhn, ng thi tp trung gii quyt nhng vn c th ca cc nn kinh t thnh vin. Mc tiu ca APEC khi

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ph chun b nguyn tc ny l hng ti xy dng mt c ch bo v d liu c nhn qua bin gii ph hp cho c khi thc y trao i d liu in t gia cc doanh nghip trong APEC, qua h tr tch cc cho hot ng thng mi. Cch tip cn ca APEC l thc hin m hnh bo v d liu c nhn theo bi cnh v thc tin pht trin ca tng thnh vin. Trin khai theo hng ny s cn bng c yu cu bo v d liu c nhn vi li ch ca doanh nghip trong kinh doanh, ng thi cng gii quyt c nhng vn lin quan n s khc bit v vn ha v s a dng ca cc nn kinh t thnh vin. B nguyn tc c bn v bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ca APEC gm chn nguyn tc ch o v mt s hng dn, nh hng c th cho cc doanh nghip APEC v nhng vn chung ca bo v d liu c nhn v tc ng ca bo v d liu c nhn i vi hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Nhng nguyn tc ny nhn mnh n mong i hp l ca ngi tiu dng hin i l cc doanh nghip nhn thc r mi quan tm ca ngi tiu dng v quyn ring t i vi thng tin c nhn ca h. Chn nguyn tc bo v d liu c nhn c xy dng trn c s tha nhn tm quan trng ca cc vn sau: i) Xy dng cc c ch bo v d liu c nhn hp l trnh nhng thit hi do thng tin c nhn b xm nhp bt hp php v b lm dng. ii) Tha nhn rng vic truyn gi thng tin t do l rt cn thit duy tr s pht trin kinh t - x hi i vi cc nn kinh t thnh vin pht trin cng nh cc nn kinh t ang pht trin. iii) To iu kin cho cc t chc trn ton th gii c nhu cu tip cn, thu thp, s dng v x l d liu ti cc nn kinh t thnh vin APEC, xy dng v trin khai cc c ch thng nht tip cn v s dng thng tin c nhn trn phm vi ton cu. iv) To iu kin cho cc c quan chc nng thc hin quyn hn, trch nhim ca mnh trong vic bo v d liu c nhn. v) H tr vic hnh thnh nhng c ch hp tc quc t thc y v thc thi vic bo v d liu c nhn, ng thi duy tr s trao i thng tin lin tc gia cc nn kinh t thnh vin v vi cc i tc thng mi ngoi APEC. thc hin thnh cng Nhng nguyn tc c bn v bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ca APEC, cc nn kinh t thnh vin xut trin khai Chng trnh Bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ca APEC bao gm 9 d n. Cc d n ca Chng trnh tp trung gii quyt hai vn c bn ca bo v d liu c nhn l bo v d liu c nhn trong ni b nn kinh t v bo v d liu c nhn qua bin gii.

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Bng II.1 Cc d n ca Chng trnh Bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ca APEC STT 1 2 Tn d n B tiu ch chung hng dn cc t chc, doanh nghip xy dng h thng bo v d liu c nhn qua bin gii B nguyn tc m cc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn (Trustmark) cn thc hin c chp thun l t chc Trustmark c APEC cng nhn B tiu ch Trustmark s dng nh gi s tun th ca cc t chc, doanh nghip vi Nhng nguyn tc bo v d liu c nhn ca APEC Danh b cc t chc tun th cc quy nh v trao i d liu c nhn qua bin gii ca APEC Danh b cc c quan ph trch v bo v d liu c nhn ca cc nn kinh t thnh vin Mu Tho thun hp tc bo v d liu c nhn qua bin gii Mu ngh gii quyt tranh chp v bo v d liu c nhn qua bin gii Hng dn v quy trnh gii quyt tranh chp trong bo v d liu c nhn qua bin gii D n th im v trin khai bo v d liu c nhn qua bin gii

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Ti SOM III APEC thng 8 nm 2008, Nhm Ch o cng tc v thng mi in t ca APEC (Electronic Commerce Steering Group - ECSG) nht tr v c bn d tho ni dung ca 6 trong s 9 d n k trn, bao gm: 1. B tiu ch chung hng dn cc t chc, doanh nghip xy dng h thng bo v d liu c nhn qua bin gii (d n 1). 2. B nguyn tc m cc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn (Trustmark) cn thc hin c chp thun l t chc Trustmark c APEC cng nhn (d n 2). 3. B tiu ch Trustmark s dng nh gi s tun th ca cc t chc, doanh nghip vi Nhng nguyn tc bo v d liu c nhn ca APEC (d n 3). 4. Danh b cc c quan ph trch v bo v d liu c nhn ca cc nn kinh t thnh vin (d n 5). 5. Mu Tha thun hp tc bo v d liu c nhn qua bin gii (d n 6). 6. Mu ngh gii quyt tranh chp qua bin gii v bo v d liu c nhn (d n 7).

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II. THC TRNG VN BO V D LIu C NHN TI VIT NAM 1. Mt s hin tng vi phm v d liu c nhn
T khi Lut Giao dch in t ra i vo nm 2005 n nay, ng dng thng mi in t ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam ang ngy cng pht trin. c bit, t cui nm 2007, nhiu doanh nghip trin khai v p dng chu trnh giao dch thng mi in t hon chnh. Cc cng on ca giao dch t qung co, cho hng, giao kt hp ng n thanh ton, giao hng, chm sc khch hng, bo hnh u c th thc hin qua mi trng in t. Vic thu thp thng tin khch hng trn mi trng mng, do , tr thnh nhu cu tt yu trong hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Cc giao dch thng mi in t gia doanh nghip vi c nhn (B2C), cc hot ng thu thp v x l d liu, tip th, qun tr quan h khch hng (CRM), v.v tr thnh hot ng thng xuyn. Do c th ca giao dch thng mi in t l c thc hin hon ton trn mi trng mng, cc i tc thc hin giao dch mua bn, thanh ton, nhn hng m khng cn phi gp mt trc tip, nn nhu cu v thng tin c nhn l rt ln, bao gm c nhng thng tin ring t, nhy cm nht. Bn cnh , nhiu cng ngh hin i nh cookie, phn mm gin ip, nh v ton cu v cc c s d liu s ha cng cho php cc doanh nghip chuyn kinh doanh trn Internet c th d dng thu thp v x l thng tin c nhn phc v cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau. Cc t chc qung co trc tuyn cng lun y mnh hot ng thu thp, thit lp, thm ch kinh doanh cc h s thng tin v ngi tiu dng. Thng tin c nhn v ang tr thnh th hng ha c gi tr i vi doanh nghip. C nhn, ngi tiu dng kh c th hnh dung ht c nhng nguy c thng tin c nhn ca mnh b khai thc bt hp php khi tham gia giao dch, mua bn trn mi trng mng. Cho n thi gian gn y, khi nim bo v thng tin c nhn v quyn ring t v thng tin c nhn trn mi trng in t vn cn l mt vn mi m ti Vit Nam. H thng php lut hin nay vn cn thiu nhng quy nh, ch ti c th v bo v thng tin c nhn trn mi trng mng. Bn cnh , ngi dn, doanh nghip v c cc c quan qun l nh nc vn cn nhiu b ng vi khi nim ny. Tuy nhin, cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t, c bit l s xm nhp su rng ca Internet vo mi mt i sng x hi, nhng tc ng tiu cc ca vic s dng thng tin c nhn bt hp php ngy cng tr nn r rng hn. Thc t ny khin cho vn bo v thng tin c nhn tr thnh mt ch ln, thu ht s quan tm rng ri ca cc c quan qun l nh nc, doanh nghip v c x hi.

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Hp II.1 Tnh hnh ti phm cng ngh cao c xu hng tng mnh trong cc nm va qua So vi ti phm thng thng, c th ca ti phm cng ngh cao l c th ngi mt ch thc hin hnh vi phm ti m khng phi xut hin tung tch, ch li t du vt (l chng c in t, rt kh pht hin, thu thp, rt d b tiu hu), thi gian gy n thng ngn. Lc lng CST ti phm kinh t bt gi 42 v (gy thit hi 1.978 t ng v 11,3 triu USD), khi t iu tra 35 v, 75 b can, thu hi 120 t ng; qua pht hin nhiu th on tinh vi ca i tng phm ti. Nhiu ngi nc ngoi vo Vit Nam i du lch s dng h chiu, th tn dng gi thanh ton cc dch v khch sn, mua v my bay, chim ot tin, hay n cp thng tin c nhn trong ti khon in th gi ly trm tin, tn cng vo cc trang web bn hng trn mng ly thng tin th tn dng nc ngoi bn trn mng kim li. Cui nm 2007 l thi im l tng i tng la o u t ti chnh a cp qua mng honh hnh. Cc i tng ny m trang web qun tr mng, tuyn truyn qung co tip th hot ng u t ti chnh cho cc cng ty nc ngoi, thu ht tin u t ca nhiu ngi dn ca 38 tnh, thnh ph di dng kinh doanh a cp li sut 2,5- 3%/ ngy v ngi mi gii c hng hoa hng 10 - 15%. Ch khi mng sp, hng chc i tng b bt giam, nhiu ngi tr nn trng tay bi l nn nhn ca bn la o. Cng chiu bi cu nh bng li sut cao 5%/thng, Stanley Elliot Tan, quc tch Canada, Trng vn phng i din cng ty Golden Rock 35 Nguyn Hu qun 1 (TP. H Ch Minh) v gim c ti chnh Patrick Chang la o trt lt 10 triu USD ca gn 1.000 khch hng tham gia gp vn mua bn ngoi t trn sn giao dch New York theo kiu li n, l chu. Lnh vc chng khon xut hin hot ng thao tng trn th trng nh thng ng cu kt, cng lc va t lnh mua va t lnh bn vi khi lng ln chng khon nhm thao tng gi, vo cc website sa cc thng tin v doanh nghip v.v lm cho nh u t ng nhn thng tin gi dn n quyt nh u t sai lm. T nm 2007 n nay, Thanh tra y ban chng khon (UBCK) pht hin, x l hnh chnh 125 v, in hnh l nh u t Trng nh Khi b pht 100 triu ng. Qua kim tra, sng lc hn 300.000 ti khon giao dch ti S Giao dch chng khon TP H Ch Minh, thanh tra UBCK pht hin ti khon s 006C002819 ca ng Khi m ti cng ty chng khon ngn hng ACB (ACBS) c nhiu giao dch bt thng nh phiu t lnh khng hp l, b ty xa, sa cha, khng chi tit, c nhiu lnh t cng thi gian nhng li do c hi s ACBS ti TP H Ch Minh v chi nhnh ACBS ti Nng thc hin. T ngy 28 - 1 n 14 - 2, ng Khi bn ra lin tip c phiu ngn hng Si Gn Thng Tn (STB) vi gi thp hn nhiu gi mua gy tm l c phiu STB st gim trn th trng.
Ngun: http://www.nhandan.com.vn/tinbaidadang/noidung/?top=40&sub=67&article=133137

Theo iu tra hng nm ca B Cng Thng t nm 2003 n nay, vn an ninh an ton thng tin c nhn trong giao dch thng mi in t ngy cng c doanh nghip v cng ng quan tm. Trong bi cnh tnh trng thu thp, n cp, s dng bt hp php d liu c

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nhn nh thng tin v a ch email c nhn, thng tin ti khon, v.v... ang din ra ngy cng nhiu th thc ca doanh nghip v cng ng v bo v thng tin c nhn c ngha v cng quan trng.

1.1. Thu thp, s dng bt hp php a ch th in t

Mt trong nhng hnh thc vi phm bo v d liu c nhn rt ph bin trong thi gian qua l vic thu thp a ch th in t c nhn tri php phc v cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau, t qung co trc tuyn n bn danh sch cc a ch ny cho c nhn, t chc c nhu cu. Vi cc cng ngh hin i, hin nay vic thu thp a ch th in t tng i d dng. Vic nhiu c nhn, doanh nghip cng khai rao bn danh sch hng triu a ch th in t ang gy tc ng tiu cc ti hot ng qung co in t, gy bt li cho ngi tiu dng, lm gim st nim tin ca cng ng khi tham gia giao dch thng mi in t. Hp II.2 Mt s qung co rao bn a ch v phn mm thu thp a ch th in t Phn mm Tm v gi th hng lot Ch vi 1 click gip bn tm kim hng nghn a ch th in t, xc minh a ch sng v gi th, gii php tip th, qung co cho c nhn v doanh nghip. Gi: 65.000 VN Phm vi: Ton quc Ngy ng: 10-11-2008 21:56 Cch mua hng: Xem hng v tr tin trc tip hoc chuyn tin trc nhn hng sau Ngun: http://www.123mua.com.vn/xem?sp=FACLULYQRe Bn hn 7 triu a ch email cng ty Bn hn 7 triu a ch email cng ty, doanh nghip, c nhn chn lc k. (a CD cha c s d liu hn 7 triu a ch do chng ti tinh lc ra t C s d liu 12 triu email; Km theo l phn mm gi email chuyn nghip v ti liu hng dn s dng bng ting Vit ) Gi trn gi: 350.000 VND Ngun: http://www.webmuaban.com/?mode=ads&siteid=499643

1.2. n cp, la o ly thng tin ti khon c nhn

Thanh ton in t l mt lnh vc cn kh mi m i vi c ngi tiu dng v cc c quan chc nng ca Vit Nam nhng c s pht trin nhanh chng trong nhng nm gn y.

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Li dng iu , nhiu i tng ti phm, trong c c ngi nc ngoi thc hin cc v vic n cp, la o ly thng tin ti khon c nhn hoc ca doanh nghip rt tin hoc mua bn hng ha kim li bt hp php. Mt s i tng lm vic trong ngnh ngn hng cn ly cp mt khu c nhn ca ngi c thm quyn hoc li dng cc k h trong qun l thc hin cc hnh vi phm php, chim ot tin ca ngn hng. Hp II.3 Mt s v vic vi phm php lut lin quan n ti khon c nhn Li dng s h trong qun l v qun tr h thng ca ngn hng khng pht hin kp thi, mt s i tng l cn b ngn hng c nc bo c, tranh th tham , chim ot gy thit hi nghim trng cho cc ngn hng. Ng Thanh Lam, giao dch vin phng giao dch s 1 Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam trong 8 thng lp 311 chng t gi, ly cp mt khu ca kim sot vin duyt chuyn tin v bng cc thao tc trn my vi tnh iu chnh cn khp gia lng tin tn thc t hng ngy vi s liu trn my tnh ca mnh, lt qua s kim sot ca ngn hng ly hn 4,5 triu USD chi bc, ch khi kim k thc t cui nm mi pht hin c. Ngun: http://www.nhandan.com.vn/tinbaidadang/noidung/?top=40&sub=67&article=133137 Cng lin quan n vic trm d liu th tn dng, V Ngc H thc hin trt lt vic dng tin n cp mua hng trn mng tr gi 441.226.215 ng trong sut qung thi gian t nm 2004 n 2006. H mua mt phn mm domain, ng k tr chi in t, ri sau t tm kim thng tin ti khon th tn dng bng cch tung virus (Keylogger) vo cc a ch e-mail ca h cc chng trnh dit virus khng pht hin c, b kha ly mt m. Khi ly c cc thng tin t cc ti khon m ch ti khon tn dng khng bit b virus xm nhp, nn kch hot virus lm cho cc thng tin v ti khon tn dng c gi n e-mail ca H. Nhiu khch hng ng k ti khon ti dch v chuyn tin trc tuyn trn mng b l thng tin v mt khu truy cp. V Ngc H thng s dng, thc hin cc lnh chuyn tin n bt k a ch no theo mnh. Ngun: http://www.laodong.com.vn/Home/cntt/2007/8/52317.laodong Li dng vic mt s hng hng khng gi r cho php khch hng t v, thanh ton tin qua mng, b gim c ny s dng cng ngh cao b kha, thm nhp vo ti khon c nhn, th tn dng ca hng trm ch th trong nc v nc ngoi t v my bay, chi tr tin v cho cc hng hng khng gi r, sau nhn tin ti t khch hng c nhu cu mua v tht. Vic lm ny gy thit hi cho c pha cc hng hng khng v cc c nhn b xm nhp ti khon. Theo iu tra ban u, ch ring Hng hng khng Pacific Airlines (Vit Nam) b thit hi trn 1 t ng t kiu n cp ny ca Nguyn Hong Yn. c bit, mt s hng hng khng gi r ni ting ca nc ngoi cng l nn nhn ca n gim c ny. Ngun: http://www.sggp.org.vn/SGGP12h/2007/10/125913/

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1.3. Mt s hin tng vi phm v thng tin c nhn khc

Bn cnh cc hin tng vi phm gy thit hi v ti sn v tin bc cho ngi b hi, trong thi gian va qua cn xut hin nhiu vi phm lin quan n pht tn hnh nh, thng tin i t lm nh hng trm trng ti cuc sng ca c nhn v gy tc ng tiu cc trong x hi. Vic pht tn cc hnh nh, on phim rt ring t ca Yn Vy, Thu Linh r rng xm phm nghim trng b mt i t ca cng dn. Thc hin ch trng thanh ton khng dng tin mt ca Nh nc, trong cc nm gn y h thng ATM c bc pht trin kh mnh m. n cui nm 2008, ti Vit Nam c trn 7.051 my ATM v 24.000 my POS. Cng s vi pht trin ca h thng ATM, mt s hin tng vi phm php lut mi xut hin lin quan ti hnh thc thanh ton ny. Cc i tng nh cp hoc mua thng tin c nhn (nh chng minh nhn dn), sau lp ti khon ATM ri tin hnh la o. Hp II.4 La o qua th ATM Mt bng la o qua th ATM lin tnh mi nht va c pht hin, i tng ch mu l Nguyn T. (24 tui) khu ng Diu, phng 4, Qun 8, TP. H Ch Minh. Bc u u tranh khai thc, T. th nhn n tim cm mua CMND m khch hng b li tim ny ri thay nh mnh vo m hng chc ti khon th ATM ri la o. V n hin ang c m rng iu tra, n nay xc nh Nguyn T. chim ot tin ca 14 ngi chuyn vo ti khon cho mt ng bn tng cng gn 3,8 t ng. Ngun: Bo Ngi Lao ng Theo iu tra ca B Cng Thng nm 2006, vn an ninh, an ton trong giao dch in t bao gm bo v d liu c nhn c cc doanh nghip nh gi l tr ngi th 3 trong s 7 tr ngi ln nht i vi s pht trin ca thng mi in t Vit Nam. Trong cc cuc iu tra ca nm 2007 v 2008, vn ny lun c xp l tr ngi ln nht cho pht trin thng mi in t. Kt qu kho st ny cho thy, doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng nghip Vit Nam ngy cng quan tm hn n vn bo v thng tin c nhn khi tham gia thng mi in t. iu ny cng ph hp vi xu hng pht trin ng dng thng mi in t trn th gii. Trong giai on u tin ca chu k pht trin, tr ngi ln nht s l c s h tng k thut v lut php, tip l cc tr ngi v tp qun mua bn. giai on pht trin cao khi vic mua bn c th c thc hin hon ton qua mi trng in t, tm l lo ngi i vi vic bo m an ninh an ton thng tin s tr thnh vn ln nht cn tr thng mi in t pht trin.

2. Ch nh v thng tin c nhn trong h thng php lut Vit Nam

Cho n nay, Vit Nam cha c mt vn bn quy phm php lut no iu chnh cc hnh vi lin quan n bo v d liu c nhn mt cch h thng. Tuy nhin, cng vi tin trnh hi nhp v s pht trin mnh m ca ng dng cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t trong tt c cc lnh vc hot ng ca x hi, cc c quan qun l nh nc ngy cng nhn thc r

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v quan tm hn n vn quan trng ny. iu ny c th hin trong cc ch th ca ng v Nh nc, cc vn bn php lut c ban hnh trong thi gian gn y. Ti Ch th s 27/CT-T ngy 16 thng 10 nm 2008 v lnh o thc hin cuc tng iu tra dn s v nh nm 2009, Ban B th Trung ng ng yu cu ch bo mt thng tin theo quy nh ca php lut, nht l bo mt thng tin c nhn. Xem xt mt cch c h thng cc vn bn quy phm php lut c th thy cc ni dung iu chnh vn bo v d liu c nhn c quy nh ngy cng r hn t cp lut n cc vn bn hng dn lut. c quy nh cc hnh thc x pht, ch ti c th t x pht vi phm hnh chnh, pht tin n x l hnh s i vi cc trng hp vi phm nng. mc vn bn php lut dn s, B Lut dn s c Quc hi thng qua thng 6 nm 2005 a ra mt s quy nh nguyn tc v bo v thng tin c nhn ti iu 31 Quyn ca c nhn i vi hnh nh v iu 38 Quyn b mt i t. iu 31 quy nh c nhn c quyn i vi hnh nh ca mnh, vic s dng hnh nh ca c nhn phi c ngi ng v nghim cm vic s dng hnh nh ca ngi khc m xm phm danh d, nhn phm, uy tn ca ngi c hnh nh. iu 38 quy nh mt s ni dung v quyn b mt i t. Theo , quyn b mt i t ca c nhn c tn trng v c php lut bo v; vic thu thp, cng b thng tin, t liu v i t ca c nhn phi c ngi ng ; th tn, in thoi, in tn, cc hnh thc thng tin in t khc ca c nhn c bo m an ton v b mt. Vn bn php lut cao nht iu chnh cc giao dch in t l Lut Giao dch in t c Quc hi thng qua thng 11 nm 2005 dnh mt iu (iu 46) quy nh chung v bo mt thng tin trong giao dch in t. iu 46 Lut Giao dch in t quy nh C quan, t chc, c nhn khng c s dng, cung cp hoc tit l thng tin v b mt i t hoc thng tin ca c quan, t chc, c nhn khc m mnh tip cn hoc kim sot c trong giao dch in t nu khng c s ng ca h, tr trng hp php lut c quy nh khc. Thng 6 nm 2006, Quc hi thng qua Lut Cng ngh thng tin, quy nh tng th v hot ng ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin, cc bin php bo m v pht trin cng ngh thng tin, quyn v ngha v ca c quan, t chc, c nhn tham gia hot ng ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin. Lut Cng ngh thng tin c nhng quy nh r rng, c th hn v trch nhim i vi vic thu thp, x l, s dng, lu tr thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc trn mi trng mng ti cc iu 21, iu 22. iu 72 quy nh cc vn lin quan n vic bo m b mt i vi thng tin ring hp php ca t chc, c nhn trao i, truyn a, lu tr trn mi trng mng. Tuy nhin, cc quy nh ny vn cha y v cha tp trung vo vn bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng v khng quy nh r quyn ca ch th thng tin c nhn. Ngy 10 thng 4 nm 2007, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 63/2007/N-CP quy nh hnh vi vi phm, hnh thc, mc x pht v thm quyn x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin. Ngh nh ny a ra hnh thc pht, mc pht i vi mt s hnh vi vi phm cc quy nh v thu thp, x l, s dng, lu tr, trao i, bo v thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc trn mi trng mng.

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Hp II.5 Mt s quy nh lin quan n bo v thng tin c nhn ti Ngh nh s 63/2007/N-CP ngy 10 thng 4 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph iu 6. Hnh vi vi phm cc quy nh v lu tr, cho thu, truyn a, cung cp, truy nhp, thu thp, x l, trao i v s dng thng tin s 1. Pht cnh co hoc pht tin t 100.000 ng n 200.000 ng i vi hnh vi trch dn ni dung thng tin s ca t chc, c nhn khc m theo quy nh ca php lut l c php trch dn nhng khng nu r ngun gc ca thng tin . 2. Pht tin t 200.000 ng n 500.000 ng i vi mt trong cc hnh vi sau: a) Xc nh khng chnh xc hoc khng y danh sch ch s hu thu ch lu tr thng tin s theo yu cu ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn; b) Lu tr thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc thu thp c trn mi trng mng vt qu thi gian quy nh ca php lut hoc theo tha thun gia hai bn. 3. Pht tin t 500.000 ng n 2.000.000 ng i vi mt trong cc hnh vi sau: a) Trch dn ni dung thng tin s ca t chc, c nhn khc m khng c s ng ca ch s hu thng tin s hoc trch dn tri quy nh ca php lut; b) Khng chm dt vic cho thu ch lu tr thng tin s trong trng hp t mnh pht hin hoc c c quan nh nc c thm quyn thng bo cho bit thng tin ang c lu tr l tri php lut; c) Khng chm dt vic cung cp cho t chc, c nhn khc cng c tm kim n cc ngun thng tin s trong trng hp t mnh pht hin hoc c c quan nh nc c thm quyn thng bo cho bit ngun thng tin s l tri php lut; d) Thu thp, x l v s dng thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc trn mi trng mng m khng c s ng ca ngi tr quy nh ti khon 3 iu 21 ca Lut Cng ngh thng tin; ) Thu thp, x l v s dng thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc m khng thng bo cho ngi bit hnh thc, phm vi, a im v mc ch ca vic thu thp, x l, s dng thng tin ; e) S dng thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc trn mi trng mng sai mc ch thng bo cho ngi ; g) Khng kim tra li, nh chnh hoc hy b thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc lu tr trn mi trng mng trong qu trnh thu thp, x l, s dng thng tin khi c yu cu ca ch s hu thng tin ;

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h) Cung cp hoc s dng thng tin c nhn cha c nh chnh khi c yu cu nh chnh ca ch s hu thng tin ; i) Cung cp hoc s dng thng tin c nhn khi c yu cu hy b ca ch s hu thng tin ; k) Khng lu tr nhng thng tin s ghi hot ng trn mi trng mng theo quy nh ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn. 4. Pht tin t 2.000.000 ng n 5.000.000 ng i vi mt trong cc hnh vi sau: a) Truy nhp tri php vo my tnh, mng my tnh, c s d liu; b) Khng thc hin cc bin php cn thit ngn chn vic truy nhp thng tin hoc loi b thng tin tri php lut theo yu cu ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn khi truyn a hoc cho thu ch lu tr thng tin s; c) Khng thc hin yu cu ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn v vic xc nh danh sch ch s hu thu ch lu tr thng tin s; d) Khng m bo b mt thng tin ca t chc, c nhn thu ch lu tr thng tin s; ) Khng thc hin cc bin php qun l, k thut cn thit bo m thng tin c nhn khng b mt, nh cp, tit l, thay i hoc ph hu khi thu thp, x l v s dng thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc trn mi trng mng; e) Cung cp thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc cho bn th ba trn mi trng mng tri quy nh ca php lut hoc khng c s ng ca ngi ; g) Ngn cn quyn tm kim, trao i, s dng thng tin hp php trn mi trng mng; h) Khng khi phc thng tin hoc kh nng truy nhp n ngun thng tin hp php khi c ch s hu thng tin yu cu; i) Khng tin hnh theo di, gim st thng tin s ca t chc, c nhn khc theo yu cu ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn; k) Khng tin hnh iu tra cc hnh vi vi phm php lut xy ra trong qu trnh truyn a hoc lu tr thng tin s ca t chc, c nhn khc theo yu cu ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn. Ngy 21 thng 7 nm 2008, B Cng Thng ban hnh Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT hng dn Ngh nh Thng mi in t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t. Bn cnh cc quy nh iu chnh vic giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t, Thng t 09/2008/TT-BCT cng a ra mt s quy nh chung v nhng thng tin cn c cung cp nhm bo v li ch ti thiu cho khch hng, trong c cc yu cu m ch s hu website thng mi in t phi tun th khi thu thp v s dng thng tin c nhn ca khch hng.

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Cng vi vic nc ta hi nhp ngy cng su rng vo nn kinh t ton cu v s pht trin v cng nhanh chng ca cng ngh, nhiu loi hnh ti phm mi ra i, trong ng ch l cc ti phm c s dng cng ngh cao. Trc tnh hnh , cc c quan qun l nh nc kin ngh sa i B Lut hnh s do Quc hi ban hnh nm 1999. D kin trong na u nm 2009, Quc hi s thng qua B Lut hnh s sa i. Ti d tho B Lut hnh s sa i c b sung thm iu 226 Ti a tri php lut thng tin ln mng vin thng, mng my tnh hoc s dng tri php thng tin trn mng vin thng, mng my tnh. y s l cn c x l hnh s mt s hnh vi vi phm php lut v bo v thng tin c nhn trn mi trng mng. Song song vi vic ban hnh cc quy nh chi tit iu chnh cc hnh vi vi phm php lut v an ton, an ninh thng tin, cc c quan qun l nh nc cng quan tm ti vic nng cao nng lc phng chng ti phm cng ngh cao. Trc tnh hnh ti phm s dng cng ngh cao c xu hng gia tng, nm 2005 B Cng an thnh lp Phng Chng ti phm cng ngh cao trc thuc Cc Cnh st iu tra ti phm kinh t (C15). Trong thi gian va qua, Phng Chng ti phm cng ngh cao phi hp hiu qu vi cc c quan hu quan iu tra, trit ph nhiu v ti phm cng ngh cao, trong c cc v vic lin quan ti vic n cp v s dng thng tin c nhn bt hp php. Tuy nhin, vi s pht trin mnh m ca ng dng cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t trong hu ht cc lnh vc ca nn kinh t, cn phi c mt t chc quy m ln hn, c nng lc, trnh chuyn mn cao v quyn hn u tranh vi cc loi hnh ti phm mi ny.

III. VN BO V D LIu C NHN KHI TRIN KHAI NG DNG THNG

MI IN T TI DOANH NGHIP

Nh phn tch phn II, nhn thc v tm quan trng ca vn bo v d liu c nhn ti Vit Nam c nng cao r rt trong cc nm gn y. iu c th hin qua vic Nh nc ban hnh nhiu quy nh iu chnh vn bo v thng tin c nhn ti cc vn bn quy phm php lut khc nhau. ng thi, cc c quan thc thi php lut cng tng bc c xy dng, cng c tng cng nng lc, quyn hn phng chng c hiu qu i vi ti phm trong lnh vc cng ngh cao, trong c cc loi hnh phm php v bo v thng tin c nhn. Nhm nh gi s b v tnh hnh bo v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng trong cc doanh nghip bn hng ha hoc cung cp dch v qua website thng mi in t, cui nm 2006 V Thng mi in t, B Thng mi (nay l Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin, B Cng Thng) tin hnh kho st 290 website thng mi in t. Kt qu kho st cho thy ch c 75 website cng b chnh sch bo v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng, chim 26% tng s website c kho st.9 Nu xem xt su hn v t chc hot ng ca cc website, c th thy nhng website c trnh t chc cng cao th cng quan tm n vn bo v thng tin c nhn. Cc sn giao dch B2B - nhng website thng mi in t mc chuyn nghip nht - c t l xy dng v cng b chnh sch bo v d liu, thng tin ca khch hng mc cao nht (57%). Cc website thng mi in t B2C v C2C, mc d chim s lng p o v c i tng phc v ch yu l c nhn, li c t l rt khim tn trong vic cng b chnh sch bo v thng tin c nhn cho nhng ngi tham gia giao dch.

9. ti Thng tin c nhn v bo v thng tin c nhn trong thng mi in t- V thng mi in t, B Cng Thng.

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Bng II.2 Chnh sch bo v thng tin c nhn ca cc website thng mi in t Vit Nam nm 2006
Loi hnh website C2C B2C Sn giao dch B2B Tng s C S lng 19 36 20 75 T l (%) 19% 24% 57% 26% S lng 83 117 15 215 Khng c T l (%) 81% 76% 43% 74%

Ngun: ti Thng tin c nhn v bo v thng tin c nhn trong thng mi in t - V Thng mi in t, B Cng Thng, thng 5 nm 2007 c th a ra nhn nh tng qut v thc trng bo v d liu c nhn trong cc doanh nghip Vit Nam, thng 8 nm 2008 Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin - B Cng Thng gi cng vn s 167/TMT-PC n 350 t chc trong c nc (bao gm cc doanh nghip v hip hi ngnh hng) c ng dng thng mi in t trong hot ng, ngh tr li Phiu iu tra v tnh hnh bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t. Phiu iu tra bao gm nhiu tiu ch, bao qut cc kha cnh lin quan ti hin trng bo v thng tin c nhn ti cc doanh nghip, t chc. Ni dung ca phiu iu tra bao gm cc cu hi lin quan n: hnh thc thu thp thng tin c nhn, mc ch s dng, loi hnh thng tin c thu thp; vic t chc xin kin ca ch th thng tin khi thu thp, s dng, tit l thng tin c nhn ca h; cc vn lin quan n xy dng, trin khai quy ch bo v thng tin c nhn n vic cng b cng khai chnh sch bo v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng, v.v n cui thng 11 nm 2008 c 132 t chc gi phiu tr li v Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin, bao gm 24 t chc hot ng trong lnh vc ngn hng, 14 doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v du lch, 36 doanh nghip sn xut hng ha, 34 doanh nghip cung cp dch v phn mm, o to v CNTT v thng mi in t, 14 doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc bt ng sn v xy dng v 10 t chc cn li l cc hip hi ngnh hng. Di y Bo co xin gii thiu cc kt qu thu c khi tng hp, phn tch cc phiu tr li ca 132 t chc, doanh nghip tham gia cuc kho st.

1. Hin trng thu thp thng tin c nhn trong thng mi in t ca doanh nghip 1.1. Thu thp thng tin c nhn ca khch hng
Trong s 132 t chc tr li phiu iu tra, 122 t chc c thu thp thng tin c nhn, gm 18 ngn hng, 14 doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v du lch, 34 doanh nghip sn xut hng ha, 33 doanh nghip cung cp dch v phn mm, o to CNTT v thng mi in t, 13 doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc bt ng sn v xy dng v 10 hip hi. Trong , cc doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v du lch v hip hi c t l thu thp thng tin c nhn qua mng cao nht l 100%, tip n l cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v phn mm v o to 97%, cc doanh nghip sn xut hng ha 94%, doanh nghip kinh doanh v bt ng sn v xy dng

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l 93%. Theo kt qu iu tra th cc ngn hng c t l thu thp thng tin c nhn thp nht vi 75%. Phn tch su hn c cu cc t chc ngn hng tham gia iu tra cho thy, trong s 24 t chc ngn hng tham gia tr li phiu iu tra, c 19 t chc l cc ngn hng thng mi, 3 vn phng i din ca cc ngn hng nc ngoi khng c chc nng hot ng nh cc ngn hng. 18 trong tng s 19 ngn hng tham gia kho st c thu thp thng tin c nhn trc tuyn, chim t l 95%. Ch c 1 ngn hng cha thu thp thng tin c nhn trc tuyn l VID Public Bank. Sp ti VID Public Bank s t chc thu thp trc tuyn thng tin c nhn ca khch hng khi trin khai cc dch v ngn hng trc tuyn ca mnh. Nh vy, c th nhn nh l 100% cc ngn hng c trin khai dch v trc tuyn c thu thp thng tin c nhn. Cc ngn hng ang s dng cc dch v offline thu thp thng tin c nhn ca khch hng theo phng thc truyn thng. Hnh II.1 Ngn hng VID Public Bank s thu thp thng tin c nhn trc tuyn khi trin khai cc dch v trn mng

Ngun: http://vidpublicbank.com.vn/Category.aspx?cat=12&pro=25 Tt c 14 doanh nghip kinh doanh trong lnh vc dch v du lch tr li c thu thp thng tin c nhn. Kt qu kho st ny cng ph hp vi xu th ng dng thng mi in t rt mnh m ca cc doanh nghip kinh doanh trong lnh vc khch sn, l hnh, du lch. Thc tin cho thy t nm 2007 n nay, nhiu doanh nghip du lch trin khai dch v thanh ton trc tuyn.

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Bng II.3 Cc doanh nghip du lch tham gia kho st v bo v d liu c nhn Tn Doanh Nghip Cng ty TNHH TM & DV Du Lch i b ng Dng Cng ty TNHH Dch v v du lch ch thc Vit Cng ty c phn pht trin thng mi in t VN Cng ty TNHH du lch i Phng Cng ty TNHH u T v du lch quc t Vit Cng ty Vinamice Tour Cng ty C Phn Du Lch Hi Phng Chi nhnh du lch LHQT Mai Linh Hu Cng ty TNHH TM-DV Du lch Vn Ha Vit Cng ty DL & Tip th GTVT (Vietravel) Cng ty CPTM v L hnh QT Lc Vit Cng ty TNHH TM & DV Du Lch An Lc Vit Cng ty TNHH Du lch sang trng Vit Nam Cng ty TNHH Du lch Pht Huy Kt qu kho st cho thy vic thu thp thng tin c nhn tr thnh mt trong nhng hot ng ph bin ca tt c cc doanh nghip, c bit l ti cc doanh nghip c ng dng thng mi in t thng xuyn trong hot ng nh cc doanh nghip thuc ngnh dch v du lch, ngn hng hay cung cp dch v phn mm v o to. Ngay c cc t chc khc nh hip hi ngnh hng cng t chc thu thp thng tin c nhn. Website http://www.indotrek http://www.dichthucviet.com http://www.vietnamtradefair.com http://www.sapatruly.com http://www.khamphaviet.vn http://www.vinamicetour.com http://www.huunghihotel.vn http://www.dulichmailinh.com http://www.vanhoaviet.biz.vn http://www.travel.com.vn http://www.lacvietravel.com http://www.anlacviettravel.com http://www.luxurytravelvietnam.com

1.2. Loi hnh thng tin c nhn c thu thp

Kt qu thng k cho thy, 114 t chc tham gia iu tra tr li c thu thp a ch email ca khch hng, chim t l trn 86%. Trong , cc ngn hng c t l thu thp a ch email ca khch hng thp nht l 50%, cc doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v du lch 93%, doanh nghip kinh doanh v bt ng sn v xy dng 93%, doanh nghip sn xut hng ha 94%, doanh nghip cung cp dch v phn mm, o to 94%, v cc hip hi l 100%. Ngc li, i vi vic thu thp a ch lin lc, t l thu thp ca cc t chc tham gia kho st c s khc bit r rt. Doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v du lch c t l thp nht l 57%, doanh nghip cung cp dch v phn mm, o to 76 %, doanh nghip sn xut hng ha 77%, ngn hng 83%, doanh nghip kinh doanh v bt ng sn v xy dng 86% v cui cng l cc hip hi c t l thu thp a ch lin lc cao nht vi 100%.

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Bn cnh , nhiu doanh nghip cng tin hnh thu thp thng tin v s ti khon ca khch hng. 77% doanh nghip du lch tr li c thu thp s ti khon ca khch hng, t l tng ng ca nhm ngn hng l 54%, doanh nghip sn xut hng ha 47%, doanh nghip cung cp dch v phn mm, o to 47%, doanh nghip kinh doanh v bt ng sn v xy dng 50% v cc hip hi l 50%. Kt qu ny phn nh thc trng ng dng thng mi in t hin nay l cc ngn hng Vit Nam hin ch yu giao dch trc tip vi khch hng, vic cung cp cc dch v ngn hng in t vn cha pht trin mnh. Trong khi , do c th ca ngnh du lch l phi giao dch ch yu vi khch hng xa, thm ch nc ngoi, vic ng dng cc hnh thc giao dch, thanh ton trc tuyn c cc doanh nghip du lch Vit Nam khai thc thu ht khch hng. Bng II.4 Cc loi thng tin c doanh nghip thu thp S lng doanh nghip 24 14 36 T l doanh nghip c thu thp thng tin (%) Email 50 93 94 S ti khon 54 77 47 a ch lin lc 83 57 77 Thng tin khc 8 21 22

Ngnh kinh doanh Ngn hng Dch v du lch Doanh nghip sn xut hng ha Dch v phn mm, o to Bt ng sn, xy dng Hip hi

34 14 10

94 93 100

47 50 50

76 86 100

12 21 30

1.3. Thng bo trc v mc ch s dng thng tin c nhn khi thu thp thng tin ca khch
hng v tit l thng tin cho bn th ba Theo kt qu iu tra, 111 trn tng s 132 t chc tham gia kho st tr li c thng bo trc v mc ch s dng thng tin c nhn ca khch hng trn website ca mnh (chim t l 84%), gm 18 ngn hng, 14 doanh nghip du lch, 29 doanh nghip sn xut hng ha, 28 doanh nghip cung cp dch v phn mm, o to, 12 doanh nghip kinh doanh v bt ng sn v xy dng v 10 hip hi. Trong , 100% cc doanh nghip du lch cho bit c thng bo trc vic s dng thng tin c nhn ca khch hng. Vi cu hi v tit l thng tin c nhn ca khch hng cho bn th ba, hu ht cc t chc tr li khng tit l. Trong , t l ca cc ngn hng l 92%, doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v

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du lch 100%, doanh nghip chuyn v bt ng sn v xy dng 93%, doanh nghip cung cp dch v phn mm v o to 88%, doanh nghip sn xut hng ha 89% v hip hi l 50%.

2. Bo v d liu c nhn ca khch hng

Trong tng s 132 t chc tham gia kho st, ch c 24 t chc (18%) tr li c xy dng quy ch v thu thp v bo v thng tin c nhn trong thng mi in t, bao gm 10 doanh nghip cung cp dch v phn mm v o to, 4 ngn hng, 3 doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v du lch, 3 doanh nghip sn xut hng ha, 2 doanh nghip chuyn v bt ng sn v xy dng v 2 hip hi. 40% t chc cho bit s xy dng quy ch trong tng lai gn, gm 9 ngn hng, 5 doanh nghip du lch, 18 doanh nghip sn xut hng ha, 12 doanh nghip cung cp dch v phn mm v o to, 06 doanh nghip kinh doanh bt ng sn v xy dng, v 2 hip hi. 42% t chc cn li cho bit cha c k hoch xy dng quy ch ny. Theo kt qu ny, d kin trong tng lai gn, s lng website c cng b quy ch v thu thp v s dng thng tin c nhn trong giao dch thng mi in t s tng ng k. Mc d cha c cc quy ch c th i vi vic thu thp v s dng thng tin c nhn ca khch hng nhng cc doanh nghip Vit Nam cng bc u kt hp cc bin php v qun l v cng ngh bo v thng tin ca khch hng. 89 trn 132 doanh nghip tr li c trin khai c hai nhm gii php cng ngh v qun l bo v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng, trong nhm ngn hng chim t l cao nht vi 71%. i vi vic xy dng c ch gii quyt tranh chp, khiu ni ca khch hng lin quan ti vic s dng thng tin c nhn ca h, cc doanh nghip thuc hai lnh vc kinh doanh c t l cao nht l cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v phn mm, o to vi 26% , ngn hng 21%. T l c c ch gii quyt tranh chp ca cc doanh nghip thuc cc lnh vc kinh doanh khc cn rt thp: doanh nghip du lch 7%, doanh nghip sn xut hng ha 8%. Trong khi , doanh nghip kinh doanh v bt ng sn v xy dng thc s cha quan tm ti c ch ny. Nu tnh hnh ny ko di th s c nh hng khng tt ti s pht trin ca thng mi in t.

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Bng II.5 Kt qu iu tra v trin khai bo v d liu c nhn ti doanh nghip Quy ch thu thp, s dng thng tin c nhn (%) C 17 21 8 S c 38 36 50 Cha c k hoch 45 43 42 Bin php bo v thng tin c nhn (%) Qun l 17 50 28 Cng ngh 8 14 3 C hai 75 36 69 C ch gii quyt tranh chp (%) C 21 7 8 Cha c 79 93 92

Ngnh kinh doanh

S lng doanh nghip 24 14 36

Ngn hng Du lich Doanh nghip sn xut Dch v phn mm, o to Bt ng sn, xy dng Hip hi

34

29

35

36

18

73

26

74

14 10

14 20

43 20

43 60

29 30

14 0

57 70

0 10

100 90

Kt qu phn tch cho thy, hu ht cc doanh nghip u c thu thp thng tin c nhn ca khch hng, tuy nhin cc doanh nghip Vit Nam vn cn nhn thc cha y v tm quan trng ca vn nn cha quan tm thc s ti vic bo v d liu c nhn ca khch hng. c th xy dng c mt c ch bo v quyn li khch hng hiu qu, cc doanh nghip cn tp trung nghin cu cc quy nh hin hnh ca Nh nc xy dng cc c ch qun l thng tin ni b ph hp. Bn cnh , cn p dng cc cng ngh bo mt hin i phng chng cc hnh vi trm cp xm nhp bt hp php vo h thng thng tin ca doanh nghip.

IV. JETSTAR PACIFIC AIRLINES MT M HNH TRIN KHAI BO V D LIu

C NHN TRONG THNG MI IN T

Jetstar Pacific Airlines (trc y l Pacific Airlines) l hng hng khng ln th hai Vit Nam v l doanh nghip u tin Vit Nam trin khai phng thc bn v my bay trc tuyn vo nm 2007. Vic trin khai bn v trc tuyn cng ng ngha vi vic Jetstar Pacific Airlines phi thu thp v x l mt s lng ln thng tin c nhn ca khch hng nh h tn, a ch, s in thoi, s hiu chuyn bay, nhng thng tin nhy cm nh s th tn dng hay th ghi n v ngy ht hn, a ch gi ha n, thng tin chi tit v thnh vin ca chng trnh khch hng trung thnh v nhng vn sc khe c lin quan ti vic b tr vic i li ca khch hng.

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Jetstar Pacific Airlines trin khai vic bo v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng kt hp cc gii php v qun l v ng dng cng ngh bo mt thng tin hin i. Ti trang ch ca website www.jetstar.com.vn c cung cp ng dn rt r rng khch hng c th d dng truy cp vo trang Thng tin c nhn, ni gii thiu c th v cc vn lin quan n vic bo v quyn ring t v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng. Tt c d liu c nhn ca khch hng do Jetstar Pacific Airlines thu thp, s dng c bo v bng my ch c trch nhim bo mt cho cc dch v c cha thng tin mt. Thng tin ny c m ha bng cng ngh giao thc SSL. Giao thc ny ch cho php nhng cn b c thm quyn gii m c thng ip m h nhn c, nhng cn b nhn vin khc khng th c c cc thng ip ny. H thng dch v bn v trc tuyn ca Jetstar Pacific Airlines v h thng dch v bn v ca mt s hng hng khng lin kt vi Jetstar Pacific Airlines s dng nhng phng php bo mt hin i bo v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng trc nhng hnh vi xm nhp h thng tri php. Hnh II.2 Ti trang ch ca website www.jetstar.com.vn c ng dn vo mc Thng tin c nhn

Jetstar Pacific Airlines c nhng quy nh rt c th v bo v quyn ring t v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng. Quy ch ny c xy dng da trn cc quy nh v bo v quyn ring t ca Australia l ni c tr s chnh ca Tp on Qantas Airways, c ng ca Jetstar Pacific Airlines. Theo quy ch ca Jetstar Pacific Airlines, Hng c th tit l mt s thng tin c nhn nht nh ca khch hng cho cc bn th ba phc v cho nhng mc ch ph hp, c lin quan ti khch hng, v d nh cho cc nh thu m h k hp ng cho mt s dch v nht nh, nhng hng vn ti khc, cc nh cung cp dch v vn chuyn hng ha v du lch, cc cng ty x l d liu (bao gm c nhng cng ty iu hnh h thng phn phi ton cu v h thng thanh ton). Ngoi ra, Jetstar Pacific Airlines cng c th tit l thng tin c nhn ca

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khch hng cho cc c quan thc thi php lut c thm quyn theo cc yu cu hp php lin quan ti an ninh, an ton, sc kho ca khch hng m khng cn phi xin php khch hng. i vi cc trng hp cung cp thng tin cho bn th ba h tr cho cc dch v lin quan n khch hng, Jetstar Pacific Airlines nghim cm bn th ba s dng thng tin c nhn ca khch hng cho nhng mc ch khc ngoi mc ch c th m theo Jetstar Pacific Airlines cung cp thng tin c nhn ca khch hng. Jetstar Pacific Airlines cng cam kt s gii quyt trong thi gian sm nht nhng thc mc, khiu ni ca khch hng lin quan ti vic vi phm quyn ring t v bo v thng tin c nhn.

V. CHNG TRNH CP CHNG NHN WEBSITE THNG MI IN T uY

TN VIT NAM - TRuSTVN

1. Nhng nguy c trong giao dch trc tuyn

Khi truy cp vo cc website trn Internet hng ngy, ngi dng thng phi khai bo nhng thng tin nh tn, tui, a ch, email, s thch, thu nhp, bnh n, s th tn dng, v.v v c ch website lu tr trong c s d liu. Ch website c th s dng cc thng tin ca khch hng vo nhiu mc ch rt khc nhau v tt nhin, khng loi tr nhng mc ch c th gy nh hng xu n ngi dng. Vn nn v th qung co hay bom th qua email, v.v... cng xut pht t vic thu thp v s dng tri php a ch email. Nguy him hn l nhng trng hp cc thng tin nhy cm nh bnh n, thu nhp c nhn v c bit l s ti khon, s th tn dng, v.v b tit l hoc s dng tri php. Hnh II.3 Trang ch ca website www.trustvn.org

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 phng trnh nhng ri ro c th xy ra i vi khch hng mua bn trc tuyn, Chnh ph ca cc quc gia c thng mi in t pht trin nh Hoa K, Nht Bn, cc nc EU, v.v v nhiu t chc ln trn th gii khuyn co ngi tiu dng ch nn tin hnh giao dch vi cc website thng mi in t c uy tn. Vic cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn do cc t chc ca Chnh ph hoc cc t chc c lp cp, tu theo c im tnh hnh ca tng quc gia hoc nn kinh t. Ti cc quc gia c trnh pht trin cao nh Hoa K, Nht Bn, Singapore, v.vcc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn thng l cc t chc t nhn nh Truste ca Hoa K, TradeSafe ca Nht Bn, TrustSg ca Singapore, v.v Trong khi , ti cc nc ang pht trin, vic cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn thng do cc t chc ca Chnh ph hoc ca cc Hip hi m nhn, in hnh l DBD ca Thi Lan, AMIPCI ca Mexico, TrustVn ca Vit Nam. Vic cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn c thc hin da trn vic nh gi s tun th ca website i vi cc tiu ch do cc t chc cp chng nhn xy dng v ban hnh. Cc tiu ch ny c xy dng trn c s tham kho kin rng ri ca cc c quan qun l nh nc, cc nh chuyn mn c uy tn. Doanh nghip c website c cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn s c gn nhn tn nhim hoc biu trng ca t chc cp chng nhn ln trang ch ca website v ngi tiu dng c th kim tra tin cy ca biu trng bng cch nhn chut vo biu trng. Vic cp chng nhn v gn nhn tn nhim cho website thng mi in t uy tn khng ch mang li s tin cy cho ngi tiu dng v mc uy tn ca website, m i vi cc website thng mi in t, n cn em li hiu qu kinh doanh th hin qua vic tng ln ca s ln ving thm website cng nh tng doanh thu cho ch website. Theo mt cuc kho st ca Truste (www.truste.org) - t chc uy tn hng u ca Hoa K v cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn, c vi 15 USD mua sm, ngi tiu dng sn sng chi thm 60 cent mua hng ha ti website thng mi in t c gn cc nhn tn nhim m bo uy tn ca website thay v mua ti cc website khc vi gi r hn. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh ngi tiu dng sn sng mua t hn khi giao dch vi cc website thng mi in t uy tn v h tin rng thng tin c nhn ca h c m bo an ton.

2. TrustVn - c ch hiu qu nhm thc y bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in

t ti Vit Nam gp phn to ra mi trng thun li cho hot ng kinh doanh trc tuyn, Trung tm Pht trin thng mi in t (EcomViet) thuc B Cng Thng phi hp cng vi Hip hi Thng mi in t Vit Nam (Vecom) xy dng v trin khai Chng trnh Cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn Vit Nam - TrustVn. Doanh nghip tham gia Chng trnh v tun th cc tiu ch ca TrustVn s c cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn v c dn nhn TrustVn ln website.

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Hp II.6 Lch s hnh thnh TrustVn 2003-2004 V Thng mi in t - B Thng mi (nay l Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin, B Cng Thng) thc hin Chng trnh nh gi v Xp hng website thng mi in t Vit Nam. 2005-2007 Ti thi im ny, php lut Vit Nam chnh thc tha nhn gi tr php l ca thng tin di dng in t. Cng vi l hng lot cc website thng mi in t c xy dng v tin hnh kinh doanh trn Internet. Ngi tiu dng cng kh khn trong vic la chn cho mnh nhng website uy tn, c nng lc cung cp hng ha, dch v thch hp. ng trc nhu cu , Chng trnh m rng quy m nh gi i vi cc website. Mt bc ngot ca Chng trnh l chnh thc t tn thng hiu: TrustVn. TrustVn cng xy dng v cung cp thng tin, kt qu nh gi ca Chng trnh trn website www.trustvn.org.vn. Ly v d in hnh, trong nm 2007, c 176 website B2C nm trong chng trnh nh gi ca TrustVn. Trong s , nhng website tiu biu tha mn tiu ch ca TrustVn c th k n: www.pacificairlines.com.vn; www.123mua.com.vn; www.travel.com.vn; www.vinabook.com; www.25h.vn; v.v...

K tha nhng thnh cng t Chng trnh TrustVn, k t nm 2008, EcomViet s nng cp TrustVn tr thnh Chng trnh cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn ti Vit Nam. EcomViet cng ng thi phi hp vi Hip hi Thng mi in t Vit Nam (Vecom) vn hnh TrustVn. Cng vi vic nng cp TrustVn, EcomViet cng chnh thc l thnh vin ca Lin minh cc t chc gn nhn tn nhim website khu vc Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (ATA - Asia Pacific Trustmark Alliance) k t ngy 13/6/2008. TrustVn c nhim v thm nh tin cy ca cc website thng mi in t, c bit l cc website c thu thp thng tin c nhn v tin hnh kinh doanh trc tuyn. TrustVn gip cc ch website xy dng s tin tng vi khch hng. Vi nhng website c TrustVn cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn v c biu tng TrustVn, ngi tiu dng c th yn tm cung cp thng tin c nhn ca cho website khi giao dch. TrustVn cng nh hng cho ch website nhng tiu chun cn thit phi c lin quan ti chnh sch bo v d liu c nhn v bo v ngi tiu dng. c cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn v dn nhn tn nhim TrustVn ln website ca mnh, ch website cn tun th theo quy trnh ca TrustVn ti www.trustvn.org.vn v tri qua cc bc thm nh, nh gi kht khe theo cc tiu ch ca Chng trnh. TrustVn c hai nguyn tc thm nh quan trng. Th nht, website phi tri qua vic nh gi v chnh

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sch bo v d liu c nhn theo cc tiu ch c xy dng da trn Nhng nguyn tc c bn v bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ca APEC (APEC Privacy Framework). Th hai, nu website c chc nng bn hng trc tuyn, vic nh gi s c tin hnh tip trn c s kim tra s tun th ca website i vi cc quy nh ca Thng t 09/2008/TT-BCT ngy 21 thng 7 nm 2008 ca B Cng Thng hng dn Ngh nh Thng mi in t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t. y l nhng tiu ch quan trng nh gi mt website uy tn. Khng ch dng li vic nh gi ln u, TrustVn cn thng xuyn gim st, kim tra bo m s tun th lu di ca cc doanh nghip v c s khuyn co, cng b cng khai v s tun th ca cc doanh nghip i vi quy nh ca Chng trnh. Hp II.7 Quy trnh cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn v dn nhn tn nhim TrustVn Bao gm 8 bc: Bc 1: Doanh nghip lin h ng k trc tuyn vi TrustVn ti www.trustvn.org.vn hoc lin lc trc tip vi Trung tm Pht trin thng mi in t (EcomViet). Bc 2: Doanh nghip in vo Bng t nh gi chnh sch bo v d liu c nhn* ca TrustVn. Bc 3: Doanh nghip gi cho EcomViet chnh sch bo v d liu c nhn v Bng t nh gi. Bc 4: TrustVn s tin hnh nh gi s tun th cc tiu ch ca TrustVn ca website doanh nghip v a ra nhng khuyn ngh cn thit. - Cc tiu ch nh gi chnh sch bo v d liu c nhn c xy dng da trn Nhng nguyn tc c bn v bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ca APEC; - Nu website ca doanh nghip c chc nng bn hng trc tuyn, vic nh gi s c xem xt tip da theo cc quy nh v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t. Bc 5: Doanh nghip tin hnh thay i, iu chnh, sp xp li hot ng ca website theo nhng khuyn ngh ca TrustVn.

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Bc 6: K Tha thun s dng biu tng TrustVn. Bc 7: Doanh nghip ng ph duy tr biu tng TrustVn. Bc 8: EcomViet v Vecom trao chng nhn TrustVn cho doanh nghip v dn nhn tn nhim TrustVn ln website ca doanh nghip. Chng nhn v Nhn uy tn TrustVn ny s c t ti v tr m doanh nghip mong mun nhm tng cng s tin cy ca khch hng. EcomViet m bo s tun th ca doanh nghip v tin hnh gim st thng xuyn. *: Nhng ti liu ny c th download ti: www.trustvn.org.vn Cng vi tin trnh hi nhp kinh t ton cu din ra ngy cng su sc v tnh phi bin gii ca thng mi in t, hp tc quc t v cc vn lin quan ti thng mi in t c cc quc gia v cc t chc quc t rt quan tm. i vi cc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn, vic hp tc quc t gia cc t chc ny l rt quan trng, n s gip ngi tiu dng mt nn kinh t c th yn tm mua sm hng ha qua cc website thng mi in t uy tn ti cc nn kinh t khc. Tranh chp nu c xy ra gia bn mua v bn bn cc nn kinh t khc nhau cng s c gii quyt c hiu qu hn thng qua c ch hp tc quc t. Hin nay trn th gii hnh thnh mt s t chc quc t lin kt cc nh cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn nh Lin minh cc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn ton cu (Global Trustmark Alliance - GTA), Lin minh cc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (Asia - Pacific Trustmark Alliance - ATA), v.v y l nhng n lc quan trng nhm gii quyt mt trong nhng tr ngi ln nht i vi s pht trin ca thng mi in t qua bin gii l vn lng tin ca ngi tiu dng. Vi n lc ca mnh v c s h tr ca B Cng Thng, EcomViet - n v ch tr trin khai Chng trnh TrustVn c kt np lm thnh vin chnh thc ca Lin minh cc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (ATA) vo thng 6 nm 2008. ATA l lin minh ca cc t chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn trong khu vc. Vi vic tham gia lin minh ny, TrustVn s l nhn hiu c cc t chc khc trong ATA cng nhn v mc uy tn, t em li li ch thit thc cho ngi tiu dng v cc doanh nghip s hu website thng mi in t uy tn ca Vit Nam. Trong thi gian gn y ATA c nhng hot ng thit thc gp phn thc y pht trin thng mi in t ca khu vc, c APEC nh gi cao.

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CHNG III
TNH HNH NG DNG CC TIU CHUN CNG NGH H TR THNG MI IN T

I. II. III. IV.

Khi qut Hot ng doanh nghip v ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ng dng EDI trong ngnh cng nghip v dch v Mt s m hnh thng mi in t tiu biu

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CHNG III

TNH HNH NG DNG CC TIU CHUN CNG NGH H TR THNG MI IN T

I. KHI QuT 1. Tnh hnh xy dng v ph bin cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t
Nhn thc c tm quan trng ca vic pht trin ng dng thng mi in t trao i thng tin, d liu trong vic qun l v thun li ha cc hot ng thng mi, ngay t nm 2000 cc doanh nghip Vit Nam trn nhiu lnh vc bt u thit lp nhng mng li kinh doanh kt hp vi cc ng dng trao i d liu in t theo chun quc t hoc chun do doanh nghip t xy dng. Tuy nhin, trong nhng nm gn y, cc c quan qun l nh nc mi ch trng nhiu hn n cng tc xy dng, ph bin tuyn truyn v cng ngh trong thng mi in t nng cao nhn thc cho cc nh qun l v h tr trin khai k thut cho nhiu loi hnh doanh nghip. Trong giai on t nm 2002 n nay, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh vi trch nhim qun l nh nc v cng tc tiu chun ha, xy dng v ph bin nhiu b tiu chun lin quan n lnh vc thng mi in t, bao gm nhng tiu chun lin quan n trao i d liu thng mi, trao i d liu trong hnh chnh, thng mi v vn ti (EDIFACT), nh dng trao i v phn t d liu, quy tc to tp lc XML, x l thng tin, v.vC th gm: - TCVN ISO 7372:2003, Trao i d liu thng mi - Danh mc phn t d liu thng mi. - TCVN ISO 9735:2004, Trao i d liu trong hnh chnh, thng mi v vn ti (EDIFACT). - TCVN ISO 8601:2004, nh dng trao i v phn t d liu - Trao i thng tin - Biu din ngy thng v thi gian. - TCVN ISO/TS 20625:2002, Trao i d liu trong hnh chnh, thng mi v vn ti (EDIFACT) Quy tc to tp lc XML (XSD) trn c s cc hng dn thc thi ca EDIFACT. - TCVN ISO 14662:1997, Cng ngh thng tin - M hnh tham chiu EDI m. - TCVN ISO 6093:1985, X l thng tin - Biu din cc gi tr s theo chui k t trong trao i thng tin. - TCVN ISO/TS 15000 ebXML:2006 - Ngn ng nh du m rng kinh doanh in t ebXML. - TCVN 7789 (part 1-6):2007: Cng ngh thng tin - S ng k siu d liu (MDR). Nhm y mnh trin khai ng dng CNTT trong cc c quan nh nc mt cch ng b, B Thng tin v Truyn thng ban hnh Quyt nh s 19/2008/Q-BTTTT ngy 09 thng 04 nm 2008 quy nh p dng tiu chun ng dng CNTT trong c quan nh nc v Quyt nh s 20/2008/Q-BTTTT ngy 09 thng 04 nm 2008 ban hnh Danh mc tiu chun ng dng

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CNTT trong c quan nh nc, trong c nhiu tiu chun lin quan n lnh vc thng mi in t thuc nhm tch hp d liu, truy cp thng tin v c t d liu. B Ti chnh v Ngn hng Nh nc cng ban hnh nhiu vn bn hng dn cc doanh nghip trong ngnh thng nht s dng cc tiu chun cng ngh ng dng trong lnh vc th thanh ton, chuyn tin quc t lin ngn hng (nh tiu chun ISO 8583, SWIFT) v trao i, tch hp thng tin (da trn nn tng tiu chun XML). B Ti chnh cng ban hnh nhiu vn bn hng dn v ng dng v vn hnh h thng cng ngh thng tin trong hot ng hi quan (Quyt nh s 50/2005/Q-BTC ca B trng B Ti chnh ngy 19 thng 07 nm 2005 quy nh v quy trnh thc hin th im th tc hi quan in t i vi hng ha xut khu, nhp khu, Cng vn s 3339/TCHQ-HH ca Tng cc Hi quan ngy 19 thng 08 nm 2005 v vic hng dn quy trnh th tc hi quan in t, Quyt nh s 1447/Q-TCHQ ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2007 ban hnh Quy nh tm thi v nh dng mt s chng t in t khai hi quan t xa i vi h thng thng tin hi quan). Hin nay, vic trao i d liu in t t cc Cc Hi quan a phng vi Tng cc Hi quan c bn vn da trn nn cng ngh web/Internet v XML truyn thng. Vi mc tiu hin i ha hot ng hi quan v hi ha vi tiu chun quc t, Tng cc Hi quan ang nghin cu cc chun trao i d liu in t ca WCO v EDIFACT a vo s dng trong thi gian ti. B Cng Thng bt u trin khai xy dng H thng Qun l v cp chng nhn xut x in t (eCoSys) t nm 2006. Trc y, eCoSys c pht trin da trn cng ngh web/Internet v XML truyn thng. Trong nm 2008, B Cng Thng nghin cu, xy dng v ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v trao i d liu in t trong cp chng nhn xut x in t. Quy chun k thut quc gia ny p dng i vi cc t chc cp chng nhn xut x in t, cc t chc v c nhn s dng dch v cp chng nhn xut x in t v cc doanh nghip h tr k thut. ng thi, Quy chun ny cn quy nh cc quy trnh, ch tiu k thut lin quan n phng php trao i d liu in t trong cp chng nhn xut x in t do B Cng Thng qun l hoc y quyn qun l, bao gm vic khi to, thc thi, kim tra v gim st cc giao dch trao i d liu in t trong cp chng nhn xut x in t. Vic p dng b quy chun ny s h tr tt hn cho cc c quan nh nc trong qun l s liu xut nhp khu v tng bc thun li ha cc hot ng thng mi qua bin gii trn c s kt ni vi cc h thng cp chng nhn xut x in t ca cc nc trong khu vc v th gii theo tiu chun cng ngh tin tin v trao i d liu in t EDIFACT ca Lin Hp quc. Bn cnh cc tiu chun cng ngh nu trn, nhiu c quan, doanh nghip trong cc lnh vc ti chnh - ngn hng, cng ngh thng tin - truyn thng, sn xut cng nghip, thng mi v dch v cng t xy dng, cng b v s dng nhng tiu chun cng ngh ng dng trong lnh vc trao i thng tin, thanh ton th, chuyn tin quc t v tch hp h thng (nh cc tiu chun XML, ISO 8583, SWIFT, v.v).

2. Tnh hnh ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t

Nm 2008, Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin tin hnh kho st gn 50 c quan v doanh nghip theo phng php trc tip v thng qua phiu iu tra. Ni dung iu tra kho st tp trung nh gi tnh hnh ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t trong cc c quan, doanh nghip.10
10. Ni dung chi tit phiu kho st tham kho Ph lc 6

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Di y l mt s nhn nh khi qut v tnh hnh ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t trong cc doanh nghip c kho st.
Mc d cc B, ngnh trin khai kh tch cc vic xy dng v ph bin tiu chun cng ngh phc v vic xy dng cc ng dng thng mi in t cho c quan qun l nh nc v doanh nghip nhng kt qu kho st cho thy nhn thc v cc tiu chun chung s dng trong thng mi in t nhn chung cha cao. Trong s gn 50 t chc v doanh nghip tham gia kho st, c khong 43,5% n v bit n cc tiu chun ny, 56,5% cn li l cha bit. c bit, t l cc chuyn gia hiu ng v khi nim tiu chun thng mi in t v trao i d liu in t (EDI) ch chim khong 3-4% trong s nhng ngi c hi. Tuy nhn thc v cng ngh trong thng mi in t ca cng ng doanh nghip cha cao, nhng mt s doanh nghip ln nhanh chng tip cn v trin khai cc ng dng cng ngh h tr thng mi in t vo hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. 72,9% cc c quan, doanh nghip c kho st ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t. Sau mt thi gian pht trin v vn hnh, n nay mt s h thng thng tin ng dng thng mi in t c cc doanh nghip a vo s dng tng bc c hiu qu. T nhng thnh cng v kinh nghim bc u, cc doanh nghip v ang tip tc y mnh vic nng cp, ci tin h thng thng qua cc d n nng cp h thng cng ngh, hoc u t xy dng mi. Bng III.1 Cc c quan, doanh nghip c kho st v p dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t TT Tn c quan, doanh nghip C quan qun l cp B, ngnh 1 2 3 5 6 7 B Cng Thng B Khoa hc v Cng ngh B Ti chnh B Thng tin v Truyn thng Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam Tng cc Hi quan Lnh vc giao thng - vn ti 8 9 10 11 12 Tng cng ty Hng khng Vit Nam Cng v hng hi M Tho Cng v hng hi TP H Ch Minh Cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin Cng Hi Phng Cng ty TNHH Vn ti v dch v du lch Hi Vn

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Lnh vc ti chnh - ngn hng 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam Ngn hng u t v Pht trin Vit Nam Ngn hng Si Gn Thng Tn Ngn hng Indochina S giao dch chng khon TP H Ch Minh Trung tm giao dch chng khon H Ni Cng ty chng khon VCBS Cng ty BankNet Cng ty SmartLink Cng ty c phn chng khon Th Cng ty c phn chng khon Trng An Cng ty c phn chng khon Rng Vit Lnh vc Cng ngh thng tin - Truyn thng 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Tng cng ty Vin thng qun i Viettel Tng cng ty c phn in t - Tin hc Vit Nam Cng ty c phn Tin hc Lc Vit Cng ty Du lch v Tip th GTVT (Viettravel) Cng ty u t v Pht trin cng ngh thng tin (Intecom) Cng ty Phn mm v truyn thng VASC Cng ty c phn Cng ngh Hong Minh Cng ty PeaceSoft (Chodientu) Cng ty ng dng k thut v sn xut Cng ty Vietsoftware Cng ty c phn u t v cng ngh OSB Trung tm Cng ngh phn mm Cn Th Lnh vc sn xut phn phi bn l 38 39 Tng cng ty Thp Vit Nam Tng cng ty Thuc l Vit Nam

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40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Tng cng ty Bia Ru Nc gii kht Si Gn Tng cng ty c phn Bia Ru Nc gii kht H Ni Nh xut bn Gio dc Cng ty lin doanh Unilever Vit Nam Cng ty Honda Vit Nam Cng ty Toyota Vit Nam Cng ty Yamaha Motor Vit Nam Cng ty c phn Sn tng hp H Ni Cng ty c phn Vn phng phm Hng H

Vic ng dng tiu chun cng ngh tin tin nhm hin i ha cc quy trnh kinh doanh v thc y qu trnh phn phi tiu th sn phm hin ang c cc doanh nghip kh quan tm. Vic ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ca cc c quan, doanh nghip phc v nhiu mc ch khc nhau. Kt qu kho st cho thy 27,8% doanh nghip ch yu p dng cc tiu chun cng ngh cung cp thng tin cho giao dch trc tuyn vi i tc. Vic ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t nhm hin i ha h thng thng tin doanh nghip nh x l s liu k ton - ti chnh, qun l quan h khch hng, qun l hng ha kho bi, hay lp k hoch ngun lc c cc doanh nghip ng dng vi t l kh ng u dao ng trong khong t 10 - 16%. Kt qu kho st cng cho thy 10,1% doanh nghip hin ng dng nhng tiu chun vo vic thanh ton trc tuyn, theo xu hng pht trin chung ca h thng thanh ton qua mng, con s ny s c trin vng tng cao trong nhng nm ti y. Do nhn thc v kh nng trin khai ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t vo cc hot ng chuyn mn su cn thp, nn cc doanh nghip va v nh ch yu p dng nhm y mnh qung co, gii thiu thng tin v doanh nghip trn cc website. Bng III.2 Mc ch ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mc ch ng dng Cung cp thng tin giao dch trc tuyn X l s liu k ton - ti chnh Qun l quan h khch hng Qun l hng ha kho bi Thanh ton qua mng Lp k hoch ngun lc Qun l h thng cung ng Khc T l 27.8% 15.9% 12.7% 11.3% 10.1% 9.5% 4.8% 7.9%

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Cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ch yu hin nay c doanh nghip ng dng bao gm: Tiu chun XML. Cc chun quc t lin quan n trao i d liu in t (nh cc tiu chun ca EDIFACT, GS1, ISO 8583, SWIFT, ISO 9735). Mt s chun v x l d liu khc. Hnh III.1 T l ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ca doanh nghip
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
9.7% 11.6% 48.3% 43.5% 42.0% 44.9%

XML v cc chun xy dng trn nn tng XML

EDIFACT

Doanh nghip t xy dng v mt s tiu chun khc

S p dng

p dng

48.3% cc n v tham gia kho st cho bit hin nay ang ng dng XML v cc chun da trn nn tng XML do doanh nghip t xy dng. Vi c th ca XML l ngn ng nh du m rng c kh nng p ng yu cu v trao i d liu kinh doanh c cu trc gia cc c s d liu doanh nghip, nn XML tr thnh tiu chun thng dng, l cng c hu ch tr gip cho vic truyn gi cc ti liu v d liu in t thun li. Hn na, XML cn lm n gin ha vic trao i, tch hp d liu gia cc h thng my tnh khc nhau, c bit l cc h thng c kt ni qua Internet, do XML c ng dng rt rng ri trong cc hot ng ng dng thng mi in t. Bn cnh vic s dng XML, nhiu doanh nghip Vit Nam hin nay vn t xy dng v ban hnh cc tiu chun ring, s cn li p dng cc tiu chun quc t c cng b v ph bin rng ri nh EDIFACT, GS1, v.v... V tnh hnh trin khai cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t vo thc tin, ch yu cc doanh nghip hin nay p dng di hnh thc hp tc vi cc i tc trong v ngoi nc khc hoc t trin khai ng dng. c tnh khong 75% n v tham gia kho st cho bit vic ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ch yu l tip nhn chuyn

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giao cng ngh t nc ngoi, 20% s dng cng ngh do cc cc cng ty trong nc pht trin, cn li 5% cc n v t trin khai ng dng. Hnh III.2 Cc hnh thc p dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t

5% 75%

20%

Lin kt trong nc

Hp tc nc ngoi

T trin khai

V mc quyt tm ca doanh nghip trong p dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t vo thc tin, kt qu kho st cho thy cc doanh nghip t ra c quyt tm rt cao. Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca thng mi in t v CNTT, xu hng ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh trong hot ng thng mi in t theo m hnh doanh nghip vi doanh nghip (B2B) ang din ra mnh m, do vy vic nghin cu v pht trin cc tiu chun l rt cn thit. Nhn thc c iu ny, cc c quan, doanh nghip hin nay rt sn sng trong vic nghin cu, ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t nhm y mnh, hin i ho cng tc qun l cng nh quy trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Hnh III.3 Mc quyt tm ca doanh nghip trong p dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t vo thc tin (mc t 0 n 9)
22.8% 72.8%

4.4% T 0-3 T 4-6 T 7- 9

Kt qu st cho thy 72,8% cc doanh nghip c mc quyt tm cao t 7 - 9 trong vic nghin cu v ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t vo thc tin nhm mc ch nng cao hiu qu m thng mi in t em li v hn ch ti a ri ro trong giao dch trc tuyn. Cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ng vai tr thc y vic lin kt, hp tc kinh doanh gia cc cng ty, do vy 22,8% cc doanh nghip c mc quyt tm t 4 - 6 v ch c 4,4% s doanh nghip c mc quyt tm t 0 - 3.

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II. HOT NG DOANH NGHIP V NG DNG TIu CHuN CNG NGH

H TR THNG MI IN T

1. ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t v quy trnh giao dch ca
doanh nghip Cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t c bn c xy dng v pht trin phc v ba bc ca quy trnh giao dch thng mi in t, bao gm mua hng (BUY), giao hng (SHIP) v thanh ton (PAY). Bn cnh cc tiu chun cng ngh thng mi in t h tr cho cc ng dng, cn c cc tiu chun c xy dng m bo h tng nh tiu chun giao thc truyn thng, tiu chun dch v bo mt, tiu chun sao lu d liu, v.v Tt c cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ny cng rt quan trng, h tr cho vic pht trin thnh cng cc dch v thng mi in t. Hnh III.4 Cc bc c bn ca mt quy trnh giao dch thng mi in t

Mua hng: Doanh nghip khi mua hng ca mt i tc thng phi thc hin qua cng on xem xt v t hng. in t ha quy trnh ny, UN/CEFACT a ra b cc tiu chun trao i d liu in t (EDI) - UN/ISO 9535, gm 10 phn v trn 200 thng ip lin quan. Tng t, cc tiu chun trao i d liu in t (EDI) ca cc t chc khc nh CII ca Nht Bn, ANSI X12 ca Hoa K, v.v cng c cc b giao dch vi mc ch tng t. Giao hng: Lin quan n cc dch v logistics, bao gm qun l hng ho (warehouse), vn chuyn (delivery), v.v Nhng khi nim ny ph bin ti nhiu nc trn th gii, nhng cn kh mi m ti Vit Nam. Theo tnh ton ca cc t chc quc t th chi ph hng nm ca mt quc gia cho dch v logistics l rt ln. Ngay nh cc nc thuc EU v Hoa K l nhng quc gia c nhiu kinh nghim v qun l chui logistics th chi ph cho logisitics cng chim ti khong 10% GDP. i vi cc nc ang pht trin th chi ph ny cn cao hn, nh tng chi ph cho dch v logistics ca Trung Quc chim n 19% GDP. Vic ng dng cc tiu chun nh UN/ISO 9535 ca UN/CEFACT, ANSI X12 vo qun l vn chuyn v giao nhn hng ha s lm gim ng k cc chi ph cho dch v logistics.

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Hin nay, vic ng dng cc tiu chun trao i d liu in t quc t ti Vit Nam phc v cc dch v logistics cn cha nhiu, a s doanh nghip s dng cc chun t xy dng. Tuy nhin, mt s c quan, doanh nghip ln trin khai p dng cc tiu chun trao i d liu in t quc t. Cng Hi Phng p dng cc thng ip EDIFACT t nm 2003 qun l vn chuyn, giao tr container v kt ni vi cc hng tu quc t nh MAERSK, MCC, HANJIN, MOL, WAN HAI, APM, v.vCng ty Unilever Vit Nam ang khi ng d n trin khai EDI vo quy trnh t hng, giao hng cho khong 240 nh phn phi, kt ni vi h thng x l tp trung ti c. B Cng Thng trin khai H thng ELVIS, s dng cc thng ip SANCRT, REQDOC, CUSRES (phin bn D99A) truyn Visa in t sang Hi quan Hoa K. Hin nay, B Cng Thng chun b p dng EDI vo h thng cp chng nhn xut x in t eCoSys. Mt s dch v mua bn v giao hng c cc doanh nghip khc thc hin trc tuyn nh bn v my bay, np tin in t thng qua tin nhn SMS, v.v Hp III.1 Vietnam Airlines bn v my bay qua mng Tip theo vic bn v in t ca Hng hng khng Jetstar Paciffic Airlines, t 15/12/2008, khch hng tham gia chuyn bay ca Hng hng khng Quc gia VN (Vietnam Airlines) c th t v trc tip qua website ca hng. Sau khi t ch thnh cng, khch hng s thanh ton trc tip ti cc phng v. Theo k hoch, t thng 2/2009, vic thanh ton trc tip trn mng s c thc hin i vi cc chuyn bay quc t bng 5 loi th tn dng Visa, Master, Amex, JCB v Diner Club. T thng 6/2009 hng s cho php thanh ton trc tuyn bng th ghi n ni a Vietcombank Connect24, Techcombank Fast Access trn cc ng bay trong nc v tin nhn SMS. Website ca hng cho php khch hng c tra cu lch bay v gi v, t ch v thanh ton v my bay trc tuyn, thay i hnh trnh v ngy bay trc tuyn, tch im v tr thng trc tuyn cho khch hng thng xuyn. Ngun: Vietnamnet Thanh ton: Cc tiu chun cng ngh s dng trong thanh ton in t ti Vit Nam l ISO 8583 v thanh ton th v chun SWIFT v chuyn tin quc t. Mt s n v trong lnh vc ngn hng - ti chnh s dng cc tiu chun ring c xy dng trn c s cu trc ca chun SWIFT, XML. Cc tiu chun c s dng trong h thng trao i d liu in t ca cc cng ty chng khon vi S giao dch thnh ph H Ch Minh (HOSE) v H Ni (HASTC) thng c cc doanh nghip t xy dng v thng nht thng qua cc cu trc lu trong file Exel, dng vn bn text (flat file) hay XML. Cc thng ip lin quan n thanh ton cng c UN/ CEFACT, ANSI X12 s dng. Cc h thng thanh ton trong nc cng s dng nhng tiu chun quc t nh nu trn.

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Hp III.2 Kt ni h thng quyt ton chng khon vi h thng thanh ton lin ngn hng Ngy 26/9/2008, Ngn hng Nh nc cho bit va phi hp vi y ban Chng khon Nh nc xy dng v trin khai n chi tit quyt ton tin giao dch chng khon. Theo , h thng quyt ton chng khon Vit Nam s kt ni vi h thng thanh ton in t lin ngn hng Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam. thc hin n ny, nh u t phi m mt ti khon tin gi ti ngn hng thng mi. Cc lnh giao dch thnh cng ca nh u t s tng ng vi vic rt tin i hay chuyn tin v ti khon tin gi ca mnh ti ngn hng. Hin ti, h thng thanh ton in t lin ngn hng x l khong 35.000 giao dch/ngy vi gi tr gn 10.000 t ng; vo ngy cao im, thc hin c ti 50.000 giao dch vi gi tr 60.000 - 70.000 t ng. Sau khi hon thnh giai on 2 vo cui nm 2009, nng lc x l trung bnh ca h thng c th t 350.000 giao dch/ngy v s tng ln 2 triu giao dch/ngy vo nm 2012. Ngun: http://www.sggp.org.vn/kinhte/2008

2. ng dng tiu chun cng ngh thng mi in t pht trin mng kinh doanh
in t ca mt s ngnh c quy m ln Trong xu hng tng cng p dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t vo thc tin, cc doanh nghip Vit Nam ang hng ti vic xy dng, pht trin cc m hnh kinh doanh s dng phng tin in t (mng kinh doanh in t) m rng mng li sn xut, phn phi sn phm, tit kim chi ph v nng cao cht lng dch v ca mnh, t nng cao nng lc cnh tranh. ng dng thng mi in t s tc ng n hu ht mi kha cnh trong hot ng ca doanh nghip. Do vy, doanh nghip mun p dng thng mi in t pht trin kinh doanh phi c s u t ph hp cho c s h tng v CNTT, nghin cu trin khai cc ng dng thng mi in t v thit lp cc quy trnh tc nghip ph hp vi yu cu thc t trn c s p dng cc tiu chun cng ngh tin tin. n nay, nhiu doanh nghip xy dng v vn hnh cc mng kinh doanh in t, mang li hiu qu thit thc trong cc lnh vc nh ti chnh - ngn hng, giao thng - vn ti, sn xut - phn phi - bn l, cng ngh thng tin truyn thng, v.vCc mng kinh doanh in t c hnh thnh tng bc v ng dng rng ri trong cc ngn hng nh Vietcombank, ACB, VPBank, Sacombank, cc cng ty chuyn mch ti chnh SmartLink, BankNet, cc tp on nh nc ln nh in lc Vit Nam, Du kh Vit Nam, Tng cng ty Thp Vit Nam, Cng ty c phn Sa Vit Nam (Vinamilk), cc cng ty thuc lnh vc truyn thng - gii tr nh cc cng ty VASC, cng ty VTC Games, v.v Cc doanh nghip nu trn ang trin khai hot ng quy m tng i ln trong phm vi quc gia vi cc quy trnh nghip v tng bc c chun ha theo cc tiu chun quc t.11

11. Chi tit tham kho ph lc 7 Mt s tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t v tnh hnh ng dng ti Vit Nam

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Nhiu doanh nghip ang tng bc p dng nhng m hnh thng mi in t chuyn bit c pht trin tng i ph bin ti Vit Nam nh B2B, B2C vo tng cng on ca qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Cc doanh nghip ny cng t chc trin khai ng dng cc cng ngh h tr thng mi in t tin tin vo thc t mt cch hiu qu, ang tng bc mang li nhng li ch thit thc cho chnh doanh nghip v cho x hi. Hp III.3 D n v Hin i ha v Nng cao nng lc ca Tng cng ty in lc Vit Nam Ngy 11/9, Tng cng ty in lc Vit Nam (EVN) hp tc vi cng ty My tnh hng u Ty Ban Nha Indra trin khai d n v hin i ha v nng cao nng lc cnh tranh tr gi 8,3 triu USD trin khai trong vng hai nm. D n c k kt vo thng 9/2008 nhm thc hin hin i ha cc quy trnh v cc h thng ca EVN thng qua vic hp l ha v vi tnh ha h thng mng chnh qun tr cc mt ti chnh, ti sn v d n, cng nh h thng thang bng lng EVN. Indra s thc hin ci t h thng ti tr s chnh ca EVN H Ni v 30 n v thnh vin hot ng trong lnh vc pht in, phn phi, truyn ti, vin thng v trung tm iu . Thi gian thc hin d n l 22 thng, chia lm 2 giai on. Giai on 1, d n s trin khai 25 n v thnh vin Tp on, nh thu Indra lm vic vi cc n v a ra chun ha nghip v, sau EVN ph chun quy trnh nghip v m bo chng trnh IFMMIS (h thng qun l ti chnh v vt t) p ng yu cu c th ca ngnh, sau cng trin khai rng ri ti n v. Giai on 2, EVNIT s tin hnh tip nhn cng ngh v hng dn p dng thc hin phn mm IFMMIS ti nhng n v cn li trong Tp on. thc hin d n IFFMIS, Indra s s dng gi phn mm ph hp, p ng quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam v tha mn nhng tiu ch ca EVN v qun tr ti sn v ti chnh. H thng thng tin doanh nghip ny s cho php chia s d liu gia EVN v cc cng ty thnh vin ca mnh trong mt mi trng c kim sot v c chun ha. H thng thng tin ny cng c th c s dng a ra nhng quyt nh thng mi kp thi mi cp qun l, h tr hiu qu kinh doanh v nh hng trc tip n tuyn cui cng ca cng ty, v.v... Ngun: http://vneconomy.vn. Thc t cho thy, vic ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t, c bit l u t, pht trin cc mng kinh doanh in t vo hot ng thc tin s lm thay i quy trnh nghip v, quy m hot ng ca doanh nghip, i mi phng thc kinh doanh v quy trnh cng ngh cng vi cc dch v in t lin quan, v.viu ny s tc ng nhiu mt n nhn thc, tm l ca tng nh qun l, cn b, nhn vin, cng nhn ca doanh nghip. Cc tc ng trn s mang li kt qu cui cng cho doanh nghip l tng hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh, gim chi ph v to ra cc li th cnh tranh mi. c c nhng li th , cc doanh nghip nu trn tp trung u t, pht trin vo cc lnh vc sau: - C s h tng cng ngh: Nhiu doanh nghip xy dng h thng mng dng ring, u t cc trung tm x l CNTT ln kt ni cc chi nhnh, b phn doanh nghip, vn phng i din trn din rng. H tng CNTT hin i cho php cc nh qun l gim st c tnh hnh hot ng ca doanh nghip t xa ra quyt nh kp thi. Mng dng ring cng l c s h tng thc hin tt cc dch v thng mi in t c gi tr gia tng cao, v

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d nh mng dng ring ca cc ngn hng, mng in lc EVN, mng dng ring ca cc cng ty ti chnh, chng khon, v.v - ng dng nghip v bng phng tin in t: Vic lp bo co, trao i thng tin, thanh ton thu, dch v v cc khon ph khc c nhiu doanh nghip thc hin theo hnh thc in t hon ton hoc mt phn. Nh c mng kinh doanh in t, cc doanh nghip (c bit l hng vn ti hoc cc i l vn ti) s dng qun l kho hng, thc hin dch v logistics mt cch hiu qu. Doanh nghip ch cn giao tip vi cc i tc thng qua h thng thng tin chung vi kho hng o. D liu nhn t cc i tc s c truyn ti cc h thng thng tin qua my ch ca cc i tc c lin quan hoc c lu tr ti trung tm d liu ca doanh nghip. Nhiu c quan trin khai tt cc dch v cng trc tuyn. Thng qua website, cc t chc, c nhn lin quan c th thc hin khai bo trc tuyn. iu ny cho php doanh nghip c th xem trc thng tin v chng t, v hng ha ti cc kho bi, phc v cho vic qun l. in hnh l cc dch v th tc hi quan in t, cp chng nhn xut x hng ha (B Cng Thng, VCCI), ng dng giao dch ti Kho bc Nh nc ang c thc hin hiu qu. - Thc hin trao i d liu trc tuyn: Gim chi ph v thi gian lin quan ti trao i, lu tr cc vn bn h s giy. H thng thng mi in t s t ng gi d liu in t cho cc i tc lin quan. Hin nay, mt s doanh nghip s dng cc cng ngh tin tin nh XML, EDIFACT da trn s kt hp ca h thng Internet EDI trao i d liu in t vi cc i tc trong nc v ngoi nc.

III. NG DNG EDI TRONG CC NGNH CNG NGHIP V DCH V 1. Gii thiu v EDI
Song song cng vi vic ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t h tr pht trin cc mng kinh doanh in t theo cc m hnh chuyn bit, nhiu h thng thng mi in t cng c cc doanh nghip nghin cu trin khai p dng trn c s s dng chun cng ngh v EDI. Vic s dng cc d liu c cu trc phc v cng tc qun l v kinh doanh l kh ph bin hin nay, do vy vic p dng chun cng ngh v EDI s gip cc h thng my tnh kt ni vi nhau thun tin v hiu qu hn, vi chi ph thp hn. cng s l xu hng tt yu c cc nh qun l quan tm, cc doanh nghip u t nghin cu, ng dng. n nay, EDI c ng dng rng ri trn th gii trong cc m hnh thng mi in t nh B2B, G2B ca nhiu h thng ln. Ti Vit Nam, nhiu doanh nghip nh Cng Hi Phng, Unilever Vit Nam, v.v v ang tin hnh trin khai ng dng EDI nhm hin i ha quy trnh sn xut, kinh doanh v tit kim chi ph.

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Hp III.4 EDI v nguyn l kt ni EDI Theo y ban Lin Hp quc v Lut thng mi quc t (UNCITRAL) Trao i d liu in t (EDI) l vic truyn thng tin bng phng tin in t t my tnh ny sang my tnh khc c s dng mt tiu chun c tha thun cu trc thng tin. EDI c s dng da trn nn cng ngh Internet/Intranet pht trin rt nhanh vi s lng, quy m ln v chi ph thp. n gin trong qun l v thit lp cc h thng EDI cn phi c nhng chun d liu thch hp v cc quy trnh nghip v lin quan c chun ha.

Chun EDI l mt khung hng dn cho mt lot cc nh dng d liu thng nht dng to nhng phin bn in t c c bng my tnh thay th cho ti liu giy truyn thng. Trong s nhng nh dng d liu chun ra i sm nht, nhiu nh dng c to ra v s dng bi mt ngnh cng nghip c th phc v cho vic trao i ti liu trong phm vi ngnh , hoc bi mt cng ty c th phc v cho vic trao i chng t gia cc doanh nghip vi cc nh cung cp, phn phi, vn ti lin quan. Khi EDI pht trin quy m ln hn, cc chun p dng ring cho cng ty hoc cho ngnh (cn gi l chun n dng) tr nn t ph bin so vi chun cng cng, c nhiu t chc quc t v khu vc tha nhn nh UN/ISO EDIFACT 9735, ANSI X12, v.v ng dng EDI mang li li ch v cng ln cho doanh nghip l tc cao, tnh kinh t v s chnh xc trong vic x l chng t giao dch. C th hn EDI c th c thc hin lin tc 24/7, chi ph giao dch thp, dch v khch hng tt hn, kh nng i chiu so snh chng t t ng, nhanh chng v chnh xc, d liu c lu chuyn mt cch hiu qu hn, v.v...

2. Tnh hnh ng dng ti Vit Nam

Hin nay, mt s h thng thng mi in t c cc doanh nghip a vo p dng nhng quy m khc nhau v tng bc c hiu qu, phc v hu ch cho hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ca Lin Hp quc hoc tiu chun quc t ang c ph bin v ng dng trong doanh nghip nh cc tiu chun ISO 15000 ebXML, UN/ISO 9735, ISO SDMX v trao i d liu thng k, XML chun cho d liu c cu trc, ISO 8583 v SWIFT ang c p dng cho thanh ton th v chuyn tin cho cc dch v trong lnh vc ti chnh - ngn hng.

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Hp III.5 Trnh t c bn thc hin cc giao dch EDI - Bc 1: H thng my tnh A ng dng phn mm thng mi in t v cc tiu chun cng ngh EDI chuyn cc biu mu (form) thc t thnh dng file EDI - Bc 2: H thng my tnh A gi file EDI c to ra bc 1 cho H thng my tnh B thng qua nhng thng ip thng nht (gia hai H thng A v B). - Bc 3: H thng my tnh B nhn file EDI, gii m (theo tiu chun cng ngh c thng nht) v a vo cho ng dng thng mi in t ca n tip nhn, x l, ng thi tr li H thng my tnh A bng nhng thng ip (nu cn thit). - Cc bc tip theo: trao i d liu (nhng thng ip) theo yu cu ca hai h thng. Ti Vit Nam, tiu chun c a s t chc v doanh nghip bit n v s dng trong trao i d liu in t l XML. Tiu chun ny thng c s dng vo vic sao lu c s d liu, trao i d liu gia cc t chc, doanh nghip khc nhau hoc gia cc chi nhnh ca mt t chc, doanh nghip nh trong ngnh ngn hng, cng ty chng khon, hi quan, v.v... Hu ht cc t chc, doanh nghip c kho st ang p dng chun theo dnh dng XML do doanh nghip t xy dng v cng b p dng. Chng hn, Tng cc Hi quan trin khai ng dng trn nn tng XML kt hp vi m hnh theo khuyn co ca T chc Hi quan th gii (WCO) trao i d liu vi cc doanh nghip tham gia dch v th tc hi quan in t; B Cng Thng thng nht biu mu XML vi Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam (VCCI) v cc phng qun l xut nhp khu, cc khu cng nghip, khu ch xut sao lu, truyn d liu cp chng nhn xut x in t v h thng eCoSys. Mt s doanh nghip nh Cng Hi Phng i u trong trin khai trao i d liu in t qun l v x l vn n cho cc hng tu trong v ngoi nc. Chng trnh ca Cng Hi Phng c xy dng theo tiu chun quc t UN/ISO EDIFACT 9735 qun l d liu container ca Cng. Cng ty Unilever Vit Nam xy dng mng EDI t nm 2007 da trn chun trao i d liu in t qun l sn phm bng h thng m vch (barcode EANCOM13) theo tiu chun GS1.

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Kt qu kho st cho thy, cc ng dng trao i d liu in t trong mt s ngnh cng nghip v dch v ti Vit Nam vn ang pht trin mc s khai, n gin v nhiu ng dng mi ch quy m ni b mt ngnh hay trong mt doanh nghip. Vic trin khai p dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t quc t ni chung v cc tiu chun EDI ni ring vo thc tin l mt qu trnh cng phu, cn c thc hin qua nhiu cng on t nghin cu, tm hiu, xy dng d n th nghim, n trin khai cc d n trn din rng. c bit l s h tr, chuyn giao cng ngh tin tin v phi hp vi chuyn gia t vn t nc ngoi s l yu t mang li thnh cng vng chc cho cc d n thng mi in t. Thm vo , phn ln cc tiu chun cng ngh lin quan n thng mi in t v CNTT hin nay u do doanh nghip t xy dng. Do vy, c cc ng dng thng mi in t tin tin trong cc hot ng thng mi, cng nghip v dch v s cn mt qu trnh ph bin v hng dn, vi ngun nhn lc mnh l cc chuyn gia v cn b k thut c o to bi bn trin khai cc d n ln vi cng ngh h tr thng mi in t tin tin. Hp III.6 Quy nh tm thi v chun ha trong ngnh Ti chnh v Hi quan Theo Quy nh tm thi v chun ha h tng CNTT p dng cho cc c quan, n v trong ngnh Ti chnh Trung ng v a phng v quy nh v tiu chun h tng (CNTT) trong ngnh Ti chnh c B Ti chnh ban hnh, khuyn co v nh hng cho vic mua trang thit b phn cng, xy dng phn mm tin hc; c cc tiu chun, quy nh mang tnh cht bt buc trn mt s lnh vc: pht trin phn mm ng dng, trao i th tn in t, trao i d liu in t, xy dng mng my tnh, kt ni Internet v bo mt h thng thng tin. Trao i d liu gia cc ng dng trong ngnh c khuyn co s dng mt trong ba phng thc trao i nh sau: - Truyn d liu dng tp tin (file): s dng file text; - Truyn d liu dng tp tin, cu trc d liu nh dng theo chun XML; - Truyn d liu trc tip gia cc ng dng. (Trch ni dung Quy nh c ban hnh km theo Cng vn s 1690 /TC-THTK ngy 18 /6/2004 ca B Ti chnh) Tng Cc Hi quan ban hnh Bn hng dn khai hi quan in t vi cc tiu ch thng tin khai hi quan in t gm 4 ct v 6 nhm tiu ch thng tin. Trong : - Tiu ch ct gm: S th t ca tiu ch; Tn tiu ch; M t tiu ch; Tiu ch thuc danh mc chun; Tiu ch phi nhp vo my tnh.

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- Tiu ch theo nhm gm: + Nhm 1: Nhm tiu ch thng tin chung: cho mi l hng; + Nhm 2: Nhm tiu ch thng tin v hng ha; + Nhm 3: Nhm tiu ch thng tin v vn ti n; + Nhm 4: Nhm tiu ch thng tin v giy php; + Nhm 5: Nhm tiu ch thng tin giy chng nhn xut x; + Nhm 6: Nhm tiu ch thng tin t khai tr gi. Vic kt ni v trao i thng tin, s liu gia cc chi cc Hi quan cc tnh v Cc Tin hc v Thng k Hi quan t ti H Ni c thc hin theo cu trc d liu nh dng theo chun XML, file Excel. (Trch ni dung Bn hng dn ban hnh km theo cng vn s 3339/TCHQ/HH ngy 19/8/2005 ca Tng Cc Hi quan).

IV. MT S M HNH THNG MI IN T TIu BIu 1. H thng trao i d liu in t Cng Hi Phng
Cng Hi Phng l n v tin phong ng dng thnh cng v hiu qu h thng trao i d liu in t EDI (sau y gi tt l h thng EDI). H thng c xy dng theo tiu chun quc t EDIFACT, ghp ni ly d liu qun l container t h thng thng tin qun l MIS hin ti ca Cng to lp cc bo co in t theo mu chun quc t gi cho cc hng tu. T nm 2003, h thng EDI ny c Cng Hi Phng chnh thc p dng vi Hng tu APM. Sau hn 6 thng trin khai, ton b h thng EDI c xy dng v Cng chnh thc dng s liu EDI trong vic qun l v khai thc container. Cho n nay, vic ng dng EDI l mt thnh phn quan trng khng th thiu trong hot ng nghip v ca Cng. H thng EDI ca Cng Hi Phng c vn hnh hiu qu tin hnh trao i d liu in t vi cc hng tu ln nh MAERSK, MCC, HANJIN, MOL, WAN HAI, APM, v.v... Vic trao i d liu theo tiu chun quc t gip cho cng tc khai thc gia Cng v cc hng tu c ng b, chun ha v nng cao nng lc phc v ca Cng. H thng EDI Cng Hi Phng bao gm hai phn chnh: - Phn khai thc bi container (theo chun quc t gi l CODECO) bao gm cc tc nghip, phng n dch chuyn container: nhp bi, xut bi, ng hng v rt hng. - Phn khai thc tu (theo chun quc t gi l COARRI) bao gm cc tc nghip d container, xp container v vn chuyn. Qua mt thi gian trin khai p dng, hin nay t l s dng giao dch trc tuyn online trn h thng ny t trn 90%, s liu cp nht nhanh, kp thi y v chnh xc, cht lng iu hnh, qun l v trnh nghip v c nng cao mt cch r rt. Thng qua h thng EDI, hng tu tn dng v tha hng ton b s liu khai thc container ca Cng, tit kim c chi ph, thi gian v nhn lc, nng cao hiu qu khai thc phc v cng tc iu hnh, qun l.

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Hnh III.5 M hnh hot ng ca h thng EDI Cng Hi Phng

Trao i d li u i n t v i cc hng tu X nghi p xy d ng Cha V D li u qu n l thng tin c a C ng HP Chng trnh EDI s d ng tiu chu n UNI/ISO 9735HP X l d li u H th ng EDI n c ngoi

2. H thng kt ni ca Cng ty c phn Chuyn mch ti chnh quc gia Vit Nam
(Banknetvn) Trong thi k i mi, ngnh ngn hng c nhng ng gp quan trng vo s pht trin kinh t - x hi ca t nc. Theo hng hin i ha hot ng ngn hng da trn cc tiu chun cng ngh tin tin, tnh n nay hn 90% cc nghip v c tin hc ha, trong c nhiu nghip v thc hin trao i d liu in t qua mng my tnh v in hnh l h thng thanh ton in t. i u trong lnh vc thanh ton in t l Cng ty c phn Chuyn mch ti chnh quc gia Vit Nam (Banknetvn). c thnh lp ngy 09/08/2004, cho n nay, cng ty trin khai h thng chuyn mch Banknetvn ti trung tm x l, kt ni vi cc Ngn hng thnh vin nh Ngn hng Nng nghip v pht trin Nng thn Vit Nam (Agribank), Ngn hng u t v Pht trin Vit Nam (BIDV), Ngn hng Cng thng Vit Nam (VietinBank), Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn Thng tn (Sacombank), Ngn hng TMCP ng (EAB), Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn Cng thng (Saigonbank). Ngoi cc ngn hng thuc Lin minh Banknetvn, h thng ny cn kt ni vi 27 Ngn hng thuc lin minh th Smartlink (lin thng t ngy 23 thng 05 nm 2008) to thnh lin minh th ln nht Vit Nam hin nay. Sau ba thng chnh thc kt ni, tng gi tr giao dch t khong 840 t ng vi khong 400.000 giao dch/thng, tc tng trng v gi tr giao dch t bnh qun 47%/thng. n nay, h thng Banknetvn - Smartlink hon thnh vic kt ni lin thng h thng my giao dch t ng (ATM) ca tt c ngn hng thnh vin (giai on 1) vi mt mng li thanh ton gm 42 ngn hng, tng s my ATM ca 2 h thng ny l trn 4.500 my vi s lng th thanh ton pht hnh khong 9,2 triu th. Hin ti, h thng ang trin khai giai on 2 nhm kt ni lin thng h thng POS cho cc ngn hng thnh vin v hp tc cung cp cc dch v gi tr gia tng khc. H thng chuyn mch Banknetvn p dng cc tiu chun nh: - Th t vi tiu chun th theo ISO/IEC 7811.

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- Thit b thu nhn thng tin t cc thit b POS tun theo chun EMV (Europay, MasterCard, Visa: chun th thng minh cho h thng thanh ton in t). - Giao dch ti chnh s dng EDI theo tiu chun ISO 8583. - H thng bo mt theo tiu chun 3DES, HSM (Host Security Module). H thng chuyn mch Banknetvn c cc chc nng nh x l chuyn mch cho cc giao dch th, thanh ton b tr, to yu cu quyt ton, lp bo co, tnh ton, qun l chi ph v cc dch v gia tng khc. Hnh III.6 M hnh kt ni h thng chuyn mch Banknetvn

Cc lnh vc hot ng ca Banknetvn bao gm: - Thc hin kt ni h thng thanh ton th ngn hng, th thanh ton gia cc ngn hng c php pht hnh, chp nhn, thanh ton th v cc t chc khc c php cung ng dch v thanh ton. - Thanh ton b tr i vi cc giao dch thanh ton th ngn hng gia cc ngn hng c php pht hnh, chp nhn, thanh ton th v cc t chc khc c cung ng dch v thanh ton. - Cung cp, lp t h thng thit b pht hnh, chp nhn thanh ton th ngn hng, th thanh ton cho thu. - Cung cp cc gii php cng ngh trong lnh vc pht hnh, chp nhn v thanh ton th, h thng thanh ton cho khch hng.

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- Cung ng cc dch v lp t, bo tr, bo dng i vi cc thit b pht hnh, chp nhn v thanh ton th ngn hng, th thanh ton cho khch hng. - Sn xut gia cng th trng, in th cho khch hng theo quy nh ca php lut. Hp III.7 Dch v ngn hng trc tuyn ca HSBC Dch v ngn hng trc tuyn HSBC: Dch v ngn hng trc tuyn ca HSBC gip khch hng thc hin giao dch nhanh chng, thun tin v an ton. Khch hng c th truy cp vo ti khon bt c lc no, bt c u. Bn cnh , dch v ngn hng trc tuyn mang n cho khch hng tnh linh hot cao i vi cc dch v a dng nh thanh ton theo danh sch thng qua phng thc thanh ton t ng, thc hin cc giao dch ti khon tin gi c k hn v ti tr thng mi quc t. Dch v ngn hng trc tuyn doanh nghip ca HSBC c bo mt cao vi thit b bo mt mi ln to ra mt m bo mt khc nhau. Do , khch hng c bo v khi vic b nh cp thng tin, Trojan hay b nhn trm mt khu v ch duy nht ngi c mt khu ng thi s hu thit b bo mt ny mi c th ng nhp vo ngn hng trc tuyn. Dch v ngn hng trc tuyn ca HSBC cng phc v cc khch hng c nhn vi u im c o l cho php cc khch hng s hu th tn dng HSBC qun l v theo di trc tuyn chng trnh cng im thng cho th tn dng. HSBCnet: HSBCnet l h thng ngn hng in t ton cu ca HSBC dnh cho cc doanh nghip ln, p ng nhu cu qun l ti chnh phc tp trong thanh ton, qun l tin t, thanh ton quc t v dch v chng khon v lu k chng khon. HSBCnet cng cho php vic tra cu v truy vn thng tin v kch hot giao dch, dnh cho nhiu loi sn phm, dch v vi nhiu la chn khc nhau. Vi HSBCnet, khch hng c th la chn nhiu cng c qun l thng tin nh la chn, sp xp li, i sot, v nh dng li thng tin nh mong mun p ng nhng yu cu bo co v qun l phc tp nht. Tnh bo mt ca h thng c m bo bi thit b bo mt. Thit b ny cung cp cc mt khu khc nhau khi truy cp v duyt giao dch c gi tr ln. Cc dch v khc: Th ATM Doanh nghip: Cng vi s ra i ca Ngn hng trc tuyn doanh nghip, HSBC cng pht trin sn phm tin phong - Th ATM doanh nghip - nhm cung cp ngy cng nhiu hn cc tin ch cho khch hng doanh nghip ca mnh. Mi doanh nghip gi y c th s hu ti ba th ATM trn cng mt ti khon, cng vi kh nng thc hin giao dch ton din qua h thng my ATM rng khp ton cu ca HSBC v ca cc ngn hng lin minh khc.

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Thanh ton ha n trc tuyn: C ba h thng trc tuyn ca HSBC c lin kt cht ch v mang li gii php thanh ton ha n in t cho c bn pht hnh ha n v bn thanh ton. i vi doanh nghip nhn thanh ton t khch hng c nhn hoc doanh nghip, dch v ny cung cp mt gii php qun l cc khon phi thu gip tit kim chi ph v nhn lc thng qua vic s dng hai knh thanh ton t ng l ATM v Ngn hng trc tuyn, hin ang l xu hng pht trin v ph bin ti Vit Nam. Dch v ny cng cho php cho cc c nhn v doanh nghip thanh ton ha n t bt c ni no trn lnh th Vit Nam v c trn ton th gii vi s thun tin v an ton cao nht.

3. H thng thng tin Kho bc Nh nc

Kho bc Nh nc (KBNN) ang trong giai on chun b kt thc D n Hin i ha h thng thng tin - tin hc KBNN n nm 2010 v ang xy dng Chin lc ng dng cng ngh thng tin ca KBNN n nm 2020 trn c s Chin lc pht trin KBNN n nm 2020 c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt nm 2007. Mt trong nhng mc tiu c bn v quan trng nht c khng nh trong chin lc ny l n nm 2020, cc hot ng KBNN c thc hin trn nn tng cng ngh thng tin hin i v hnh thnh Kho bc in t. im nhn trong Chin lc ng dng cng ngh thng tin ca KBNN n nm 2020 l xy dng kin trc tng th h thng thng tin KBNN, trong ly h thng thng tin qun l ngn sch v kho bc lm xng sng nhm p ng cc yu cu ci cch qun l ti chnh - ngn sch; m rng cc ng dng tin hc trong cc hot ng nghip v ca KBNN theo hng tp trung v tch hp vi h thng thng tin qun l ngn sch v kho bc (H thng TABMIS). Cc ng dng ni bt ca H thng thng tin KBNN c xy dng da trn cng ngh hin i gm: - Thanh ton chuyn tin in t: Cht lng thanh ton gia cc khch hng thng qua cc n v KBNN c ci thin ng k, an ton hn, chnh xc hn v nht l nhanh hn vi thi gian thanh ton tnh bng pht. - ng dng qun l tri phiu, cng tri: KBNN p ng c nhu cu thanh ton tri phiu, cng tri vng lai ca khch hng ti bt k ni no trn ton quc m khng ph thuc vo t tri phiu, cng tri c pht hnh ti u. - ng dng trong ni b h thng KBNN: Vic trin khai h thng Intranet (trin khai nm 20062007) vi cc dch v c bn qua cng thng tin (Portal) tit kim chi ph v ph hp vi xu hng ci cch hnh chnh trong cc c quan nh nc. - ng dng chng thc in t: KBNN l n v i u trong vic p dng chng thc in t bng cng ngh th chp. Tuy nhin, khi KBNN xy dng h thng ch k s, Lut Giao dch in t cha c ban hnh nn KBNN xy dng nhng quy nh ring dng cho h thng thanh ton in t ca KBNN.

4. H thng trao i d liu in t ca unilever Vit Nam v Metro Cash & Carry
Nm 2007, Unilever Vit Nam v Metro Cash & Carry thng nht cng phi hp trin khai d n trao i d liu in t (gi l d n EDI). Sau 9 thng thit lp mt h m vch (barcode mapping) v kt ni k thut vi nhau thng qua cc trung tm (hub), cc d liu c th c,

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hiu v x l t ng. Sau mt nm, Metro Cash & Carry v Unilever th nghim v trao i thnh cng d liu u tin l cc n hng. Cc tiu chun ch yu m hai cng ty s dng bao gm barcode EANCOM13 (barcode 13 k t) theo chun GS1 thng nht cho tng sn phm t v giao hng (ngi mua t mua cc sn phm thng qua barcode ca sn phm v ngi giao hng s giao ng sn phm c barcode ), chun GLN ca GS1 cho m ngi t hng (Buyer), v m ngi giao hng (Supplier). Ngoi ra vic s dng mt s tiu chun khc nh UN/EDIFACT v XML cng ang c nghin cu. Cc loi m khc nh m ni t hng, ni giao hng, m nh cung cp u xy dng theo chun EAN13 v c ng k. Khng ch dng li vic th nghim vi cc n t hng, d n EDI ny s cn c m rng sang cc giao dch trao i d liu khc nh quy trnh x l ha n, phiu giao nhn hng in t. Trn c s d n ny, trong thi gian ti, Metro Cash & Carry s m rng n cc nh cung cp khc. Cng nh vy, hin ti, Unilever ang trin khai EDI i vi quy trnh t hng cho mt siu th v khong 240 nh phn phi. T d n ny, Unilever cng ang m rng rng khp n cc nh phn phi trn ton quc. Hnh III.7 Quy trnh trao i d liu in t gia Unilever Vit Nam v Metro Cash & Carry ti TP HCM
H thng qun l d liu ca nh cung cp

H thng qun l d liu ca nh cung cp

Tp tin cha d liu v nh dng tin ni b

Tp tin cha d liu v nh dng tin ni b

H thng chuyn i nh dng d liu in t p dng cho EDI

H thng chuyn i nh dng d liu in t p dng cho EDI

Tp tin ni b nh dng theo chun EAN COM

Tp tin ni b nh dng theo chun EAN COM

H thng mng thng tin in t

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5. H thng mng kinh doanh in t ca Cng ty Vinamilk

Vi Vinamilk, pht trin h thng cng ngh thng tin hin i l mt phn quan trng trong chin lc kinh doanh di hn ca cng ty. H thng qun l sn xut v phn phi trc y khng th m bo cung cp thng tin chnh xc kp thi phc v cho vic qun l sn xut v kinh doanh. Cng ty xy dng mt h thng qun l mi vi 2 gii php l Oracle E-Business Suite v SAP CRM (Customer Relation Management Qun l quan h khch hng) gii quyt vn ny. H thng cho php Vinamilk qun l tt c cc s liu t cc nh phn phi trn cc mi trng trc tuyn (h thng qua ng truyn Internet s dng chng trnh SAP) hoc ngoi tuyn (s dng phn mm Solomon ca Microsoft). Thng tin tp trung s gip Vinamilk a ra cc quyt nh kp thi cng nh h tr chnh xc vic lp k hoch. Vic thu thp v qun l cc thng tin bn hng ca i l nhm p ng kp thi, em li s tha mn cho khch hng cp cao hn. Sau mt thi gian th nghim, t thng 1 nm 2007 Vinamilk chnh thc a vo s dng Oracle E-Business Suite (EBS) phin bn 11.5 v SAP CRM. Thng 4 nm 2007, chng trnh ERP cng c chnh thc vn hnh. Vi h thng qun tr doanh nghip tng th ny, Vinamilk c th qun l c tnh hnh ti chnh k ton, mua sm, bn hng, sn xut v phn tch kt qu hot ng ca cng ty vi 16 n v trc thuc t H Ni n Cn Th. y l gii php ERP ln nht c trin khai Vit Nam. H thng SAP c xy dng trn nn tng cng ngh SAP NetWeaver. Ti Vinamilk, NetWeaver tch hp thng tin t h thng ERP s dng: - Oracle EBS gii php gip gii quyt vic kt ni vi nh cung ng (supplier) v cc quy trnh khc trong ni b doanh nghip bao gm cc module chun nh: Ti chnh (Finance), Qun l n hng (Order Management), Mua hng (Procurement), Sn xut (Manufacturing), v.v... - Microsoft Exchange: H thng email. - Solomon ( c i tn li l Microsoft Dynamics SL) s dng ti cc nh phn phi v ng dng trn PDA cho nhn vin bn hng. Ba ng dng ny c NetWeaver tch hp thnh h thng (Business Warehouse -BW) phc v cho h thng bo co thng minh, gip ban lnh o c c thng tin chnh xc v trc tuyn v tnh hnh hot ng kinh doanh trn ton quc. Ti trung tm d liu tr s chnh ca Vinamilk c 4 my ch IBM cng cc my ch khc ang lu tr cc gii php Oracle EBS, SAP CRM v Microsoft Exchange. Vinamilk xy dng trung tm ny vi h thng d phng t mc 7, mc d phng cao nht theo tiu chun d phng quc t nhm m bo s hot ng lin tc ca h thng. Vic p dng CNTT nhm hin i ha knh phn phi gip Vinamilk h tr rt hiu qu cc nhn vin nng cao nng lc, tnh chuyn nghip v kh nng nm bt thng tin th trng tt nht nh s dng cc thng tin c chia s trn ton h thng. Thm vo , Vinamilk cng

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qun l xuyn sut cc chnh sch gi, khuyn mi trong h thng phn phi, hng ti mi trng kinh doanh t chun quc t v tng cng nng lc qun l trong iu kin hi nhp.

6. Cng ty u t v Pht trin cng ngh thng tin (Intecom)

Intecom thuc Tng cng ty Truyn thng a phng tin (VTC) l n v tin phong trong vic cung cp cc dch v ni dung s vi cc mng hot ng nh VTC Game - game online, VTC Mobile - cc dch v thng qua in thoi di ng, VTC News - bo ch (VTC News, tp ch truyn hnh s VTC), VTC Paygate - h tng thanh ton in t cho cc dch v ni dung s trn mng v di ng, VTC Software - trung tm phn mm xy dng v pht trin h thng phn mm cho cc dch v s. Tnh n thi im hin ti, VTC Paygate c hn 13 triu ti khon ng k. Trong , hn 1,7 triu ti khon c pht sinh giao dch np v hn 1,2 triu ti khon cn s d vi ngun hnh thnh Vcoin a dng bao gm np trc tip, th tr trc, chuyn khon ngn hng, thanh ton quc t, nhn tin SMS, Tng i thoi 1900. Gii php thanh ton in t VTC eBank bao gm: - Cc knh u vo: Th tr trc VTC Online, tin nhn mobile SMS, thoi 1900, ti khon ngn hng (ATM, m-banking, e-banking), tin mt (ti game centers, POSs), th tn dng quc t (creditcard, International PP card), ti khon t e-bank khc, chuyn khon t game khc. - Cc knh s dng u ra: VTC game online, dch v online (hc, luyn thi trc tuyn, shop), np ti khon mobile tr trc, mua m PIN mobile, cc gii php thanh ton: ph thu bao truyn hnh di ng, in thoi IP AloVTC, chuyn khon cho cc ti khon e-bank, game khc VTC, v.v Hnh III.8 M hnh thanh ton in t VTC eBank

105

- Cc m hnh ng dng: kt ni np tin, kt ni chuyn khon 2 chiu, v kt ni lm cng thanh ton trong bn hng, thu ph dch v, v.v - Quy m ng dng: VTC eBank hin c kh nng phc v ti a 2 t ti khon, s giao dch ng thi hin ti l hn 32 nghn. Gii php cng ngh Paygate ca Intecom hin nay s dng cng ngh kin trc hng dch v (SOA). Bo mt ng truyn v d liu s dng giao thc HTTPS/SSL, chng thc cc giao dch gia cc my ch kt ni s dng cng ngh chng ch s RSA. Cc chun d liu c s dng bao gm chun XML, chun thng ip giao dch ti chnh ISO 8583, cc quy nh chun cu trc d liu t nh ngha. Cc giao thc kt ni HTTP/HTTPS, RMI, Socket TCP/IP, SOAP, MSQUEUE, v.v V cc gii php tch hp vi cc t chc, doanh nghip ngnh ngn hng, ti chnh, vin thng, Intecom cng cc i tc thng nht cc giao thc, b ch tiu v th tc giao dch da trn vic hiu chnh v ci tin cc tiu chun quc t cho ph hp vi iu kin ng dng ti Vit Nam. Sau hai nm p dng gii php VTC eBank kt qu kinh doanh ca Intecom c nhng bc tin ng k. Bng III.3 Tng trng doanh thu ca VTC eBank qua cc nm Nm Doanh thu dch v ni dung s Doanh thu giao dch thng mi 2006 140 2007 220 120

(n v: t ng)

2008 340 460

Trong mt ngy, VTCeBank c hn 30.000 giao dch np tin vo h thng v cng hn 30.000 doanh nghip giao dch tiu dng Vcoin vo cc dch v. Hin nay lun c hn 1,7 triu ti khon c d tin trong s hn 10 triu ng k thu bao. Trong nm 2009, trn nn tng VTC Paygate v th a nng VTC Online, Intecom s tin hnh:
Pht trin h thng thanh ton in t. Hnh thnh h thng thanh ton lin kt tp trung: kt ni ngn hng, cc im thanh ton. M rng quy m, a cc tiu chun vo p dng, trao i d liu in t EDI t ng ha qu trnh t hng/phn phi, thanh ton th, v.v...

Tm li, kt qu iu tra kho st tnh hnh thc t nm 2008 cho thy phn ln doanh nghip va v nh hin nay cha c iu kin thun li nm bt v trin khai c cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t trong thc tin. T l cc doanh nghip ln ng dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ni chung v tiu chun trao i d liu in t ni ring ti Vit Nam cn tng i thp. Vic chuyn giao cng ngh t nc ngoi pht trin cc ng dng thng mi in t mi ch tp trung vo mt s c quan, doanh nghip c quy m kinh t ln cp B, ngnh ti cc tnh, thnh ph ln thng qua cc d n

106

cc cp. Tuy nhin, s chuyn giao cng ngh h tr thng mi in t vo Vit Nam n nay vn cha c tnh chin lc lu di vi k hoch trin khai tng th, hp l to ra nhng s t ph cho vic pht trin cc ng dng thng mi in t trong nc. Do vy, bn cnh vic hon thin mi trng php l v CNTT v thng mi in t, cc c quan chc nng ca nh nc cn tng cng cng tc tuyn truyn, ph bin v o to v li ch, ni dung cc tiu chun cng ngh thng mi in t nhm gip doanh nghip nng cao nhn thc, to c hi chuyn giao v tip nhn cc cng ngh tin tin t nc ngoi, hng ti xy dng cc ng dng thng mi in t hiu qu hn. Ngoi ra, m bo trin khai thnh cng cc d n thng mi in t cn c s phi hp ca cc c quan ch tr d n vi cc t chc h tr pht trin thng mi in t quc t v khu vc nh UN/CEFACT, AFACT trong vic trao i chuyn gia, cung cp ti liu v o to cn b qun l.

107

CHNG IV
TNH HNH NG DNG THNG MI IN T TRONG DOANH NGHIP

I. II. III. IV.

Khi qut Hot ng doanh nghip v ng dng tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t ng dng EDI trong ngnh cng nghip v dch v Mt s m hnh thng mi in t tiu biu

109

CHNG IV

TNH HNH NG DNG THNG MI IN T TRONG DOANH NGHIP

Nm 2008 B Cng Thng (Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin) tip tc gi phiu iu tra tnh hnh Doanh nghip ng dng thng mi in t ti hn 3000 doanh nghip trn c nc. nh gi tnh hnh ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip, phiu iu tra tp trung vo ba vn chnh: - Mc sn sng cho thng mi in t ca doanh nghip. - Mc trin khai ng dng thng mi in t. - Hiu qu ng dng thng mi in t. Ni dung ca phiu iu tra vn c duy tr so vi cc nm trc song c thm nhiu sa i v ci tin nhm phc ha mt bc tranh tng th v tnh hnh ng dng thng mi in t trong cc doanh nghip nm 2008, ng thi tm hiu xu hng pht trin ca thng mi in t qua cc nm. i tng iu tra l cc doanh nghip ti nhiu a phng, trong nhiu lnh vc kinh doanh v c quy m khc nhau c la chn theo phng php ly mu ngu nhin. Trong s 1802 phiu thu v, c 1638 phiu tr li hp l. Cc phn tch v thng k trong chng ny ch yu da trn kt qu x l thng tin t 1638 phiu ni trn. Trong s cc thng tin chung do doanh nghip cung cp, a bn hot ng, quy m doanh nghip (theo s lng lao ng) v lnh vc hot ng ca doanh nghip l ba yu t nh hng trc tip ti nhiu tiu ch khc nhau v tnh hnh ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip. V a bn hot ng ca cc doanh nghip trong cuc iu tra nm nay, 35% doanh nghip hot ng trn a bn H Ni, 33% doanh nghip hot ng trn a bn thnh ph H Ch Minh, 32% doanh nghip cn li n t cc a phng khc trong c nc. S phn b v khu vc a l ca cuc iu tra nm 2008 tip tc tp trung vo hai thnh ph ln, c s lng doanh nghip ng o l H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh. Tuy nhin, mc phn b ny nh hn t l 71% doanh nghip tp trung ti hai thnh ph ni trn ca nm 2007.

111

Hnh IV.1 Doanh nghip c iu tra phn theo khu vc a l

32% 33%

35%

H Ni

TP. H Ch Minh

a phng khc

V quy m doanh nghip theo s lng lao ng, s doanh nghip quy m nh (di 20 lao ng) vn p o vi t l 50% song gim i so vi t l 53% ca nm 2007. Thay vo , t l doanh nghip c t 21-50 lao ng nm 2008 l 18%, cao hn t l 15% ca nm 2007. Ngoi ra, t l doanh nghip thuc nhm cc quy m cn li thay i khng ng k. Hnh IV.2 Quy m lao ng ca cc doanh nghip c iu tra
60%

50%

T l doanh nghip

50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1-20 21-50

18% 8% 8% 8% 3% 4%

51-100 101-200 201-500

5011000

>1000

Quy m doanh nghip (s lao ng)

V c cu ngnh kinh doanh, cc doanh nghip thuc lnh vc C kh my mc, ha cht, xy dng chim 28%; Thng mi, dch v tng hp chim 28%; Nng lm thy sn, ch bin thc phm chim 11% cn CNTT v thng mi in t chim 10% s doanh nghip tham gia. Phn ln cc doanh nghip kho st nm nay thuc cc lnh vc s dng nhiu lao ng ph thng v c trnh tin hc ha cha cao.

112

Hnh IV.3 Doanh nghip c iu tra phn theo ngnh ngh kinh doanh

Nh vy, c cu doanh nghip tham gia iu tra c trn phng din a bn hot ng v lnh vc kinh doanh c s thay i so vi nm 2007. Thng k v phn tch s liu iu tra cc doanh nghip trn s phn no phc ha tnh hnh thng mi in t Vit Nam nm 2008 v to iu kin so snh gia cc doanh nghip thuc cc a bn hot ng v lnh vc kinh doanh khc nhau qua cc nm.

I. MC SN SNG CHO THNG MI IN T

Kt qu thu c t phiu iu tra cho thy, trong nm 2008 mc sn sng cho thng mi in t ca doanh nghip ni chung n nh, trn c kha cnh tnh hnh s dng my tnh, mng ni b v kt ni mng Internet trong doanh nghip.

1. My tnh v mng ni b
gc h tng k thut, my vi tnh v mng ni b l hai thit b cng ngh khng th thiu cho vic ng dng CNTT v thng mi in t. Do , cc thng k v hai ch tiu ny l tiu ch quan trng nh gi mc sn sng cho thng mi in t trong doanh nghip. V tnh hnh s dng my tnh, trung bnh mi doanh nghip c 15,5 my tnh (nm 2006 l 17,6 v nm 2007 l 22,9), trung bnh c 10 lao ng c mt my tnh (nm 2007 l 8,1). C th thy nm 2008 t l my tnh trung bnh trong doanh nghip c s gim st ng k so vi cc nm trc. Hai nguyn nhn c bn l cc doanh nghip tham gia iu tra nm nay t tp trung hai thnh ph ln nht nc v cc lnh vc kinh doanh tin tin (ring t l doanh nghip

113

thuc lnh vc C kh my mc, ha cht, xy dng v Nng lm thy sn, ch bin thc phm chim 39%). S st gim ny cho thy mc sn sng cho thng mi in t ca doanh nghip c s chnh lch ln gia cc vng min v lnh vc kinh doanh. Mc d vy, im sng ca nm nay l ch cn mt doanh nghip, chim t l cha n 0,1% (nm 2007 l 0,3%), cho bit cha trang b my tnh. Hu nh 100% doanh nghip trn c nc trang b my tnh. iu ny phn nh vic trang b my tnh tr thnh mt yu cu bt buc i vi mi doanh nghip mi quy m, a bn hot ng v lnh vc kinh doanh. Hnh IV.4 Phn b my tnh trong doanh nghip nm 2008

Trong s cc doanh nghip trang b my tnh, trn 56% doanh nghip c t 1 n 10 my tnh v khong 92% doanh nghip c t 1 n 50 my tnh. Ch c 8% doanh nghip c t 51 my tnh tr ln. T l doanh nghip c t 11 ti 20 my tng dn qua cc nm. Trong khi t l doanh nghip khng c my tnh hoc ch c t 1 ti 10 my c xu hng gim dn. Bng IV.1 So snh s phn b my tnh trong doanh nghip qua cc nm 2006 - 2008 S lng my tnh 0 my T 1-10 my T 11-20 my T 21-50 my T 51-100 my 2006 0.1% 67.0% 15.4% 12.2% 3.0% 2007 0.3% 54.8% 17.9% 16.1% 7.6% 2008 0.1% 56.0% 20.1% 16.0% 5.1%

114

T 101-200 my Trn 200 my

1.6% 0.7%

2.7% 0.7%

2.0% 0.7%

Theo lnh vc kinh doanh, cc doanh nghip thuc lnh vc Dt may, da giy c s my tnh trung bnh trong mt doanh nghip cao nht (24,6 my tnh/doanh nghip), tip theo l cc doanh nghip thuc lnh vc Nng lm thy sn, ch bin thc phm (20,6 my tnh/doanh nghip). Tuy nhin, cc doanh nghip thuc hai lnh vc ny thng c s lng lao ng rt ln nn s lng my tnh trung bnh trong doanh nghip cng cao nht. Do , tiu ch s my tnh trung bnh trong doanh nghip cha thc s phn nh c mc sn sng cho ng dng CNTT - thng mi in t ca tng doanh nghip. nhn nhn chnh xc hn cn xem xt t l bnh qun s nhn vin trn mt my tnh trong tng lnh vc. i vi t l ny, Dt may, da giy v Nng lm thy sn, ch bin thc phm li l hai lnh vc c t l ln nht (t l tng ng l 32,1 v 19,3 nhn vin c 1 my tnh), th hin vic trin khai ng dng CNTT thp nht. Tt c cc lnh vc cn li u c t l trung bnh t 3,3 n 10,3 nhn vin dng chung mt my tnh, trong hai lnh vc c trnh trin khai CNTT cao nht l Dch v CNTT v thng mi in t (3,3 nhn vin/1 my tnh) v Ngn hng, ti chnh, t vn, lut, bt ng sn (5,4 nhn vin/1 my tnh). Bng IV.2 Phn b my tnh trong doanh nghip theo ngnh Ngnh kinh doanh Dch v CNTT v thng mi in t Ngn hng, ti chnh, t vn, lut, bt ng sn TM-DV, dch v tng hp, dch v khc Th cng m ngh Du lch Cc lnh vc khc C kh my mc, ha cht, xy dng Nng lm thy sn, ch bin thc phm Dt may, da giy T l my tnh/ doanh nghip 12.7 17.1 11.9 11.3 19.9 11.7 15.7 20.6 24.6 T l nhn vin/ my tnh 3.3 5.4 5.6 8.4 8.8 8.9 10.3 19.3 32.1

Tuy vy, s lng my tnh bnh qun v t l nhn vin s dng my tnh mi ch nh gi gc h tng k thut ca doanh nghip. Tiu ch phn nh r nht trnh ng dng h tng k thut cho CNTT v thng mi in t chnh l t l nhn vin c iu kin s dng my tnh thng xuyn trong cng vic. Theo kt qu iu tra, 49,7% doanh nghip tham gia iu tra

115

c t l nhn vin s dng my tnh thng xuyn trong cng vic t t 70% tr ln, 73,4% doanh nghip c t l ny cao hn 40%. Ch cn 6,1% doanh nghip c t l nhn vin s dng my tnh thng xuyn cho cng vic di 10%, gim i ng k so vi t l 9,4% ca nm 2007. Hnh IV.5 T l nhn vin s dng my tnh thng xuyn cho cng vic
6 .1 % 2 0 .5 %

4 9 .7 % 2 3 .7 %

i 10%

T 10% - 40%

T 40% - 70%

Trn 70%

c bit, t l nhn vin s dng my tnh thng xuyn trong doanh nghip t l nghch vi quy m doanh nghip, c ngha l doanh nghip c quy m lao ng cng ln th t l nhn vin s dng my tnh thng xuyn cho cng vic cng thp. Nh vy, so vi nm 2007, cc doanh nghip c tin b v t l nhn vin s dng my tnh thng xuyn trong cng vic. y l mt chuyn bin quan trng th hin doanh nghip khai thc tt hn c s h tng sn c. Mc d vy, vi cc doanh nghip c s lao ng s dng my tnh ln, vic thit lp mng ni b, to khng gian lm vic lin kt gia cc my tnh trong cng doanh nghip mi chnh l tiu ch quan trng nh gi mc sn sng cho ng dng CNTT - thng mi in t ca doanh nghip. Vic s dng mng ni b ca doanh nghip trong nm 2008 c tin b so vi nm 2007, 88,4% doanh nghip xy dng mng ni b (nm 2007 l 83,9%). Tuy nhin, c cu phn b gia cc loi mng ni b doanh nghip s dng khng c nhiu thay i. Mng LAN vn ph bin nht vi t l doanh nghip s dng l 81,5%, trong khi t l s dng cc loi mng ni b cn li nh WAN, Intranet, Extranet tng ng l 4%, 6,8% v 0,8%.12 C th thy LAN vn l loi mng ni b d thit lp v c chi ph thp nn c doanh nghip vi mi quy m thuc mi a bn hot ng v lnh vc kinh doanh la chn, trong khi hai loi mng ni b kh ph bin cc cng ty ln trn th gii l Intranet v Extranet chim t l kh nh ti Vit Nam.

12. Do mt doanh nghip c th dng nhiu loi mng ni b khc nhau nn tng t l cc loi mng ni b ln hn t l cc doanh nghip c mng ni b ni chung

116

Hnh IV.6 Cc loi mng ni b ca doanh nghip qua cc nm 2006 - 2008

2. Tnh hnh kt ni mng Internet

Internet l mi trng thit yu cho ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip. Kt qu iu tra cho thy t l doanh nghip kt ni Internet l 99%, trong hnh thc truy cp bng ADSL chim 92%, ng truyn ring chim 6% v hnh thc truy cp bng quay s ch cn 1%. Tuy nhin, vn cn 1% doanh nghip khng kt ni Internet.13 Hnh IV.7 Cc hnh thc truy cp Internet ca doanh nghip nm 2008

6%

1% 1%

ADSL ng truyn ring Quay s Cha kt ni

92%

13. 1% doanh nghip khng kt ni Internet ch yu thuc hai lnh vc C kh my mc v Nng lm thy sn

117

T l 92% doanh nghip truy cp Internet s dng phng thc ADSL cho thy mc ph cp Internet vn ang tip tc tng trong nhng nm gn y. c bit, phng thc truy cp ADSL ngy cng tr nn ph cp v chim t l p o so vi cc phng thc truy cp cn li. Mt khc, cc nh cung cp dch v Internet cng bt u trin khai mt s phng thc truy cp Internet s dng ng truyn ring nh cp quang, Leased line, IXP. Vi nhiu u im nh tc cao, kt ni n nh, bo mt tt, cc phng thc ny ang c mt s doanh nghip la chn. Phng thc quay s gn nh khng cn hin din. Hnh IV.8 Hnh thc truy cp Internet ca doanh nghip qua cc nm 2004 - 2008

Ngoi ra, c mi lin h tng i gia hnh thc truy cp v a bn hot ng ca doanh nghip. Hu ht cc doanh nghip s dng ng truyn ring khu vc thnh ph H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh. Trong khi t l doanh nghip khng kt ni Internet hoc s dng phng thc quay s ln nht nm cc khu vc cn li. Hnh thc truy cp cng cn b nh hng bi quy m doanh nghip, 100% cc doanh nghip s dng phng thc quay s v khng kt ni Internet l cc doanh nghip c quy m di 100 lao ng. Trong khi phng thc ng truyn ring c kh nhiu doanh nghip va v ln s dng. Tuy nhin, mc ch s dng Internet trong doanh nghip cha thay i ln. a s doanh nghip vn s dng Internet tm kim thng tin (89,8% doanh nghip) v giao dch vi i tc bng th in t (81,6% doanh nghip). Vi phng thc truy cp ADSL v ng truyn ring ngy cng tr nn ph cp, t l doanh nghip bt u s dng Internet nh mt cng c quan trng truyn v nhn file d liu tng u qua cc nm. Nm 2006 c 62,8% doanh nghip s dng Internet nh mt cng c truyn v nhn file d liu, nm 2007 l 68,3% v n nm 2008 l 71%.14

14. Doanh nghip c th s dng ng thi Internet cho nhiu mc ch.

118

Bng IV.3 Mc ch s dng Internet ca doanh nghip Mc ch s dng Internet Tm kim thng tin Giao dch bng th in t Truyn v nhn file d liu Duy tr cp nht website Mua bn hng ha v dch v Tuyn dng o to Lin lc vi c quan nh nc 2006 82,9% 64,3% 62,8% 40,9% 31,3% 22,1% 2007 89,5% 80,3% 68,3% 46,7% 38,1% 30,6% 2008 89,8% 81,6% 71,0% 40,0% 35,9% 28,7% 24,8%

Nhiu doanh nghip s dng Internet ng thi cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau. 54% doanh nghip kt hp s dng Internet cho t nht 4 mc ch tr ln. Gn 20% doanh nghip tn dng ng thi 6 ti 7 mc ch s dng Internet. Tuy vy, 23% doanh nghip vn ch s dng Internet vi 1 hoc 2 mc ch. T l ny cho thy nhiu doanh nghip vn cha tn dng c ht tim nng ca Internet. D vy, vic s dng Internet ca doanh nghip vn cn c mt s tr ngi nht nh. Tr li cu hi nh gi nhng cn tr i vi vic s dng Internet theo thang im t 1 ti 4, trong 4 l mc tr ngi cao nht, c nh gi gy tr ngi t nht l vn Hiu qu cha r rt vi im trung bnh 1,0. iu ny cho thy Internet khng nh c tm quan trng v hiu qu i vi hot ng kinh doanh ca mi doanh nghip. Ngoi ra, Chi ph tn km v Cng ngh qu phc tp cng khng cn l cc vn gy tr ngi ln (vi mc im tng ng l 1,4 v 1,5). Tuy nhin, nm 2008 doanh nghip phn nh hai tr ngi ln nht cho vic s dng Internet l Cht lng dch v Internet v An ton bo mt. c bit, t nm 2006 ti nay, vn an ton bo mt vn c a s cc doanh nghip coi l tr ngi ln nht trong vic ng dng Internet vi im s 2,8. Nhn chung, im trung bnh ca tt c cc tr ngi u c xu hng gim dn so vi cc nm trc, song mc gim khng nhiu. Bng IV.4 Tr ngi i vi vic s dng Internet ca doanh nghip Tr ngi i vi vic s dng Internet An ton bo mt Cht lng dch v Cng ngh phc tp Chi ph tn km Hiu qu cha r rt 2006 2,9 2,4 1,6 1,0 2007 2,8 2,3 1,6 1,3 2008 2,8 2,2 1,5 1,4 1,0

119

n nm 2008, Internet tr thnh mt phn khng th thiu trong hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip v pht trin v c s lng v cht lng. Hn 99% doanh nghip kt ni Internet, trong 98% doanh nghip s dng cc dch v Internet tc cao l ADSL v ng truyn ring. Mc ch s dng Internet ca doanh nghip tp trung vo tm kim thng tin, trao i vi i tc qua th in t v truyn gi file d liu. Mc d vy vn cn tn ti hai tr ngi rt ln i vi vic s dng Internet ca doanh nghip. Tr ngi ln nht l vn an ton v bo mt tn ti nhiu nm nay. Tr ngi th hai l cht lng dch v ng truyn vn cha m bo gy kh khn cho doanh nghip trong cng vic kinh doanh. II. MC TRIN KHAI NG DNG THNG MI IN T
C th thy cho n nm 2007, mc sn sng cho thng mi in t ca doanh nghip v c kha cnh cng ngh v ngun nhn lc kh tt. Tuy vy vic ng dng thng mi in t vn cn mc s khai. Nm 2008, B Cng Thng tip tc nh gi s tin b v mc trin khai ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip trn c s phn tch v so snh vi kt qu iu tra nhng nm trc trn cc kha cnh: - Mc ng dng phng tin in t ni chung. - Website v chc nng website ca doanh nghip. - Tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t. - p dng phn mm thng mi in t trong qun tr doanh nghip. Du hiu ni bt trong vic trin khai ng dng thng mi in t nm 2008 l c ti 33% doanh nghip c d n hoc chin lc v pht trin v ng dng thng mi in t.15 y l du hiu ng mng v s pht trin c theo b rng v chiu su ca vic trin khai ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip.

1. Mc ng dng cc phng tin in t ni chung

WTO nh ngha: Thng mi in t l vic sn xut, tip th, bn v phn phi sn phm hng ha hoc dch v thng qua cc phng tin in t.16 Do , mt ch tiu quan trng nh gi mc trin khai ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip l mc trin khai ng dng cc phng tin in t ni chung trong quy trnh kinh doanh. Phn ny s xem xt mc trin khai c th trong ba bc chnh ca quy trnh kinh doanh l t hng, thanh ton v giao hng. Tr li cu hi v hnh thc nhn n t hng trong phiu iu tra, 87,7% doanh nghip cho php nhn n t hng bng mt trong cc phng tin in t website, email, fax hoc in thoi. Phng tin c s dng nhiu nht l in thoi (74,3%) v fax (73,6%), sau n

15. Cc d n ph bin l xy dng, nng cp website, tch hp thanh ton in t, bn hng qua mng v trin khai cc phn mm qun tr doanh nghip 16. Chng trnh lm vic v thng mi in t c i Hi ng thng qua vo ngy 25/9/1998. Bo co cc hot ng ca WTO lin quan ti thng mi in t, Cc thng mi in t v CNTT, 2008 (www.moit.gov.vn)

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email (65%). Ch c 18,6% doanh nghip nhn t hng qua website. y l mt con s kh khim tn so vi t l 45,3% doanh nghip c website trong nm 2008. Hnh IV.9 Hnh thc nhn n t hng ca doanh nghip qua cc nm 2006 - 2008

C th thy, trong nm 2008 cc phng tin in t c doanh nghip ng dng nhiu hn trong vic nhn n t hng. T l ng dng in thoi, fax v email u cao hn so vi nm 2007. c bit t l ng dng th in t tng u trong ba nm t 2006 ti 2008. Mc d vy, t l chp nhn n t hng qua website gim. L do chnh l t l cc doanh nghip hot ng trong cc lnh vc nng nghip, thy sn, c kh, xy dng, ha cht nm nay cao hn cc nm trc. Sn phm ca cc lnh vc ny thng c phn phi trc tip qua cc n t hng truyn thng. Nhu cu tm kim thng tin v doanh nghip v sn phm ca ngi s dng Internet rt cao, lng truy cp vo cc trang web mua bn v gii thiu sn phm cng tng kh nhanh. Tuy nhin, c th thy phn ng ngi tiu dng vn ch s dng website nh cng c tham kho v so snh gi, cha hng hi mua hng trc tuyn. iu ny phn nh vic ngi tiu dng vn cha thc s tin tng vo vic mua hng trc tuyn ti Vit Nam. thng mi in t B2C v C2C pht trin, mt trong nhng nhim v trng tm l phi gip cc website thng mi in t c c lng tin t pha ngi tiu dng. Thng mi in t khng th pht trin ton din v em li hiu qu cao nht nu khng c thanh ton in t. Do , hnh thc thanh ton m doanh nghip p dng l mt tiu ch quan trng trong iu tra. Theo kt qu thng k, 74,1% doanh nghip s dng hnh thc thanh ton l khch hng tr tin mt khi giao hng, 74,8% doanh nghip chp nhn thanh ton chuyn khon qua ngn hng v ch c 25% doanh nghip thanh ton bng chuyn tin qua bu in.17
17. C nhng doanh nghip s dng ng thi nhiu hnh thc thanh ton.

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T nm 2007 n nay, hng lot nh cung cp dch v thanh ton in t ra i v pht trin. y chnh l nguyn nhn ca s st gim lin tip qua cc nm trong vic p dng hnh thc thanh ton bng chuyn tin qua bu in. Thay vo , hnh thc chuyn khon qua ngn hng ngy cng ph bin. Mc d vy, t l thanh ton bng tin mt vn cn cao v t l thanh ton trc tuyn vn cn thp. T l 3,5% doanh nghip p dng phng thc thanh ton trc tuyn l rt thp so vi mt bng chung ca th gii v yu cu thanh ton ca thng mi in t. Hnh IV.10 Cc phng thc thanh ton c doanh nghip s dng qua cc nm 2006 - 2008

Giao hng l khu cui cng song cng khng km phn quan trng trong quy trnh kinh doanh, c bit i vi giao dch B2B v B2C. Theo kt qu iu tra, 55,4% doanh nghip c i ng giao hng, 49,9% doanh nghip ngi mua n nhn hng, 25,8% doanh nghip thnh lp i l giao nhn v 12,8% giao hng qua ng bu in. C th thy dch v giao nhn ca cc doanh nghip vn tp trung vo t t chc hoc ngi mua n nhn hng. Phng thc giao hng qua bu in c s st gim r rt trong nm 2008. Tuy vy, s st gim ny khng phn nh tnh hnh chung m do c cu cc doanh nghip iu tra nm nay tp trung vo lnh vc Nng lm thy sn v C kh my mc, l hai ngnh c c th t s dng phng thc giao hng qua bu in. Bng IV.5 Phng thc giao hng ca doanh nghip qua cc nm Phng thc giao hng i ng giao hng Ngi mua n nhn ti cc i l i l giao nhn Bu in 2006 56,9% 43,6% 33,3% 17,1% 2007 50,2% 41,2% 26,6% 18,6% 2008 55,4% 49,9% 25,8% 12,3%

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2. Xy dng v s dng website

Website l mt knh thng tin quan trng gip doanh nghip tip cn vi ngi tiu dng v vi cc doanh nghip khc. Mt khc, trong thi i CNTT bng n hin nay, vic thnh lp website tr thnh mt yu cu thit yu i vi doanh nghip nhm nng cao kh nng cnh tranh, khng nh tn tui v m ra cc c hi kinh doanh mi. Kt qu iu tra cng th hin xu hng trn. Nm 2008, 45,3% doanh nghip c website, 4,1% doanh nghip s xy dng website trong tng lai. Cn li 50,6% doanh nghip khng c v cng khng d nh xy dng website. Hnh IV.11 T l doanh nghip c website nm 2008

50.6%

45.3%

4.1% DN c website DN s xy d ng website DN khng c website

So vi cc nm trc, t l doanh nghip c website nm 2008 vn tip tc tng nhanh theo tng trong hai nm 2006 v 2007. Tuy nhin t l doanh nghip d nh xy dng website trong tng lai gn cng gim i ng k. Vi t l ch cn 4,1% doanh nghip c d nh xy dng website, trong mt vi nm ti t l doanh nghip c website c th s khng c nhiu thay i. C th thy vic xy dng website hin nay l tng i n gin nn trong cc nm gn y s lng doanh nghip c nhu cu tin hnh xy dng website, cn li l cc doanh nghip cha c nhu cu. Tuy cha th kt lun chc chn song c th d on trong ngn hn t l doanh nghip c website s t n n nh mc 45 ti 50%.

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Hnh IV.12 T l doanh nghip c website qua cc nm 2004 - 2008

Lnh vc kinh doanh nh hng kh ln n nhu cu xy dng website ca doanh nghip. Trong cc lnh vc kinh doanh, Du lch ng u vi 85% doanh nghip c website, tip theo l Dch v CNTT v thng mi in t (56,5%), Ngn hng ti chnh, t vn, lut, bt ng sn (50%). Hai lnh vc c s lng website tng ng k so vi cc nm trc l Du lch v Th cng m ngh. Bng IV.6 T l doanh nghip c website phn theo lnh vc kinh doanh qua cc nm Lnh vc kinh doanh Du lch Dch v CNTT v thng mi in t Ngn hng, ti chnh, t vn, lut, bt ng sn Nng lm thy sn, ch bin thc phm Dt may, da giy C kh my mc, ha cht, xy dng Th cng m ngh TM - DV, dch v tng hp, dch v khc T l DN c website 2007 65,2% 54,3% 51,5% 40,6% 40,0% 33,8% 26,3% 32,6% 2008 84,6% 56,5% 52,0% 44,6% 43,0% 39,8% 36,8% 36,5% Thay i 9,4% 2,2% 0,5% 4,0% 3,0% 6,0% 10,5 5,9

V chc nng, 89,9% website c chc nng gii thiu v doanh nghip, 85,9% website qung b cho sn phm, 38% website cho php t hng v 3,5% website c chc nng thanh ton trc tuyn.18
18. Mt website c th c ng thi nhiu chc nng

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V i tng m cc website hng ti, 84% hng ti i tng khch hng l doanh nghip, 70% hng ti i tng ngi tiu dng. T l qua cc nm cho thy c cu i tng m cc website hng ti tng i n nh. i tng khch hng l doanh nghip vn chim t l cao hn so vi i tng khch hng l ngi tiu dng. Tuy vy, c th thy t l i tng khch hng c nhn m cc doanh nghip hng ti Vit Nam kh cao, m ra trin vng pht trin mt th trng B2C v C2C rng ln.
Bng IV.7 c im v tnh nng thng mi in t ca website doanh nghip Tnh nng ca website Gii thiu doanh nghip Gii thiu sn phm Giao dch thng mi in t Thanh ton trc tuyn i tng khch hng hng ti Khch hng doanh nghip Khch hng c nhn Sn phm, dch v trn website Thit b in t vin thng Hng ha tng hp (siu th in t) Dch v du lch Hng tiu dng Sn phm c kh my mc Nng lm thy sn Hng th cng m ngh T vn, ngn hng, bt ng sn Dt may giy dp Hng ha s ha Sch, vn ha phm, qu tng 13,4% 7,2% 7,2% 8,0% 8,3% 5,4% 4,9% 6,0% 4,2% 3,2% 2,0% 12,6% 11,4% 11,7% 12,5% 11,9% 10,9% 7,8% 8,4% 7,6% 3,2% 4,5% 17,5% 13,1% 10,1% 9,3% 9,3% 8,8% 8,8% 5,0% 5,0% 2,9% 2,1% 76,4% 68,7% 84,8% 68,8% 84,0% 70,0% 2006 98,3% 62,5% 27,4% 3,2% 2007 84,5% 79,4% 36,7% 4,8% 2008 89,9% 85,9% 38,0% 3,5%

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Cc mt hng c gii thiu trn website ca doanh nghip kh a dng v phong ph cho thy doanh nghip mi ngnh ngh bit tn dng website nh mt knh qung b sn phm. c bit, t l website gii thiu sn phm thit b in t vin thng tng ng k so vi cc nm trc, t 12,6% nm 2007 ln 17,5% nm 2008. iu ny phn nh thc t l i vi mt hng in t, ngi tiu dng quen dn vi vic la chn mt hng v ca hng trc tuyn nn nu thiu website s l bt li rt ln i vi cc doanh nghip kinh doanh mt hng ny. Tn sut cp nht website ca doanh nghip cng c tin b r rt so vi cc nm trc. S doanh nghip cp nht website hng tun tng ang k. c bit nm 2008 ch cn 13% doanh nghip khng thng xuyn cp nht website. T l doanh nghip cp nht website hng thng hoc khng thng xuyn cp nht gim lin tc qua cc nm. iu ny cho thy website ngy cng khng nh vai tr nh mt knh giao tip v tng tc thng xuyn ca doanh nghip i vi khch hng.
Hnh IV.13 Tn sut cp nht website ca doanh nghip qua cc nm

Mc d vy, phn ln cc doanh nghip c tn sut cp nht website cao l cc doanh nghip c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t. 65% doanh nghip cp nht website hng ngy v hng tun c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t. Ngc li, 70% doanh nghip thnh thong mi cp nht website khng c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t. iu ny cho thy nu doanh nghip thc s quan tm v mun trin khai thng mi in t c hiu qu s rt cn cn b chuyn trch cho v tr ny.

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3. Tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t

Trong tng s 1638 doanh nghip tham gia tr li phiu iu tra, 12% doanh nghip tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t trong v ngoi nc, so vi t l 10,2% ca nm 2007 v 7,9% ca nm 2006. Hnh IV.14 Mc tham gia v k c hp ng t sn giao dch Thng mi in t ca doanh nghip nm 2008

tham gia sn TMT 12%

Cha tham gia sn TMT 88%

k c hp ng 69.7%

Cha k c hp ng 30.3%

T l doanh nghip k c hp ng t sn thng mi in t cng tng ln so vi nm 2007. Nm 2008, trong s cc doanh nghip tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t c 69,7% doanh nghip k c hp ng t sn giao dch thng mi in t, cao hn so vi t l 63% ca nm 2007. iu ny cho thy vic tham gia sn thng mi in t mang li hiu qu thc s i vi mt s doanh nghip.

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Hnh IV.15 Quy m doanh nghip tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t

So snh v quy m doanh nghip tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t, c th thy mi lin h t l nghch gia quy m v s lng doanh nghip tham gia sn. Cc doanh nghip c quy m cng nh th t l tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t cng ln. iu ny chng t cc doanh nghip va v nh bit n li th ca sn giao dch thng mi in t trong vic xy dng hnh nh v tng cng kh nng cnh tranh. c bit l trong giai on hin nay c rt nhiu sn giao dch thng mi in t B2B vn thc hin hnh thc h tr khng thu ph i vi mt s doanh nghip tham gia.19

III. HIu Qu NG DNG THNG MI IN T

Vn v hiu qu ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip s c xem xt trn kha cnh chi ph u t v doanh thu ca doanh nghip. T xem xt mi tng quan gia doanh thu v u t nh gi hiu qu thc s ti doanh nghip ng dng thng mi in t.

1. u t cho thng mi in t
Xu hng u t cho thng mi in t trong cc doanh nghip n nh. T l u t nm 2008 khng c nhiu thay i so vi nm 2006 v 2007, tp trung mc 5-15% l mc trung bnh ca khu vc. Theo kt qu iu tra, 48% doanh nghip c kho st dnh di 5% tng chi ph hot ng cho ng dng CNTT v thng mi in t, 38% doanh nghip c t l u t t 5-15% v 13% doanh nghip c t l ny t trn 15%.

19. Chng hn cng thng mi in t quc gia ECVN vi tn min www.ecvn.com

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Bng IV.8 Chuyn bin trong u t CNTT v thng mi in t ca doanh nghip qua cc nm 2005 - 2008 T trng u t Di 5% T 5%-15% Trn 15% 2005 82,4% 14,0% 3,6% 2006 48,3% 38,1% 13,6% 2007 50,0% 36,1% 13,9% 2008 48,7% 38,3% 13,0%

Mc d t trng u t khng c nhiu thay i song c cu u t li cho thy nhng chuyn bin ng k. Phn mm ngy cng chim v tr quan trng v chim n 46% chi ph u t cho CNTT v thng mi in t ca doanh nghip. Tng t trng u t cho phn cng v duy tr bo dng h thng gim t 55% nm 2007 xung cn 39% nm 2008. T trng u t cho o to gim xung mc 15%. Hnh IV.16 C cu u t CNTT v thng mi in t ca doanh nghip 2 nm 2007 v 2008

Nm 2007

Nm 2008

2 0 .5 % 2 3 .0 % 5 5 .5 %

1 5 .0 % 3 9 .0 % 4 6 .0 %

Ph n c ng th ng Ph n m m o

T c cu u t ny c th thy h tng cho ng dng thng mi in t ti doanh nghip bt u n nh v i vo chiu su. Cc doanh nghip quan tm hn ti vic u t vo ng dng phn mm nhm khai thc trang thit b phn cng c u t trong giai on trc.

2. Doanh thu t thng mi in t

Cng vi vic ngy cng nhiu doanh nghip m cc knh t hng qua phng tin in t, t trng doanh thu c c nh thng mi in t trong cc nm qua cng c nhng chuyn bin tch cc. Nm 2008, 25,7% doanh nghip c t trng doanh thu t thng mi in t di 5%, trong khi 38,7% doanh nghip c t trng ny t 5-15% v 35,6% c t trng trn 15%.

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Hnh IV.17 C cu doanh thu t thng mi in t nm 2008

Nh vy c gn 75% doanh nghip c t trng doanh thu t thng mi in t chim trn 5% tng doanh thu. Cng lc , nh gi v tc ng ca thng mi in t trong thi gian ti, 56,3% doanh nghip nhn nh doanh thu t cc n hng s dng phng tin in t s tng. Mt khc, ch 6% doanh nghip nh gi doanh thu t thng mi in t c xu hng gim. Bng IV.9 D on ca doanh nghip v doanh thu t thng mi in t qua cc nm 2005 - 2008 Nm 2008 2007 2006 2005 Tng 56.3% 62.5% 57.4% 37.2% Gim 6.2% 3.3% 4.3% 1.3% Khng thay i 37.5% 34.2% 38.3% 61.5%

V c cu, doanh thu t giao dch thng mi in t B2B vn tip tc chim u th p o v gi tr, vi bnh qun 67% doanh thu thng mi in t ca doanh nghip l do cc n t hng B2B em li. Tuy nhin, giao dch thng mi in t B2C vn duy tr mc 33% cho thy mt im cn bng gia giao dch thng mi in t B2B v B2C ang c thit lp.

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Hnh IV.18 Tng quan gia doanh thu B2B v B2C ca doanh nghip

33% 67%

B2B

B2C

Cc doanh nghip tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t c t trng doanh thu t B2B l 72%, cao hn so vi cc doanh nghip khng tham gia sn vi t trng doanh thu l 65%. Ngc li, t trng doanh thu t B2C ca cc doanh nghip tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t l 25% thp hn cc doanh nghip khng tham gia sn vi t trng doanh thu l 37%. Hnh IV.19 Chnh lch t trng B2B v B2C gia cc doanh nghip tham gia v khng tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t

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3. Ngun nhn lc thng mi in t

Trong nm 2008, mt vn c nh hng xuyn sut t mc sn sng, trin khai v hiu qu ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip l ngun nhn lc thng mi in t. Theo s liu iu tra nm 2008, 34% doanh nghip c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t, vi t l trung bnh 2,6 ngi trong mi doanh nghip. So vi nm 2007, t l doanh nghip c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t v t l s cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t trong mt doanh nghip nm nay gn nh khng thay i. Phiu iu tra cng a ra cc cu hi v hnh thc o to cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t ca doanh nghip cho ngi lao ng nh gi mc chun b ngun nhn lc cho thng mi in t. Hnh thc o to ti ch vn l la chn ph bin hn c vi 56,4% doanh nghip, 30,3% doanh nghip p dng hnh thc gi nhn vin i hc, 7,8% t m lp o to cho nhn vin. T l doanh nghip khng c bt c hnh thc o to no l 26,5 %. Hnh IV.20 Cc hnh thc o to ngun nhn lc thng mi in t trong doanh nghip nm 2008

V hnh thc o to, o to ti ch c tt c cc doanh nghip vi mi quy m p dng, hnh thc gi nhn vin i hc v m lp o to hu nh ch c p dng trong cc doanh nghip c trn 50 lao ng. Trong s cc doanh nghip khng trin khai bt c hnh thc o to no v thng mi in t v CNTT th cc doanh nghip nh chim t l cao.

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Hnh IV.21 Hnh thc o to theo quy m doanh nghip

iu ny c th hin r qua s st gim ng k t l u t cho o to ca doanh nghip. T l u t cho o to nm nay l 15% so vi 20,5% ca nm 2007. C th nhn nh rng trong nm 2008 doanh nghip gp nhiu kh khn nn ct gim chi ph u t cho o to. Mc d buc phi ct gim chi ph u t cho o to song nhu cu v cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t vn rt cn thit i vi doanh nghip mun ng dng thng mi in t. iu ny phn nh r nht cc doanh nghip xy dng website, tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t hoc trin khai d n ng dng thng mi in t. Theo s liu iu tra, 67% doanh nghip xy dng website, 72,6% doanh nghip tham gia sn giao dch v 56% doanh nghip c d n ng dng thng mi in t c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t. Hnh IV.22 Nhu cu cn b chuyn trch thng mi in t ca doanh nghip

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V mi tng quan gia cn b chuyn trch v doanh thu t thng mi in t, 77,2% trong s doanh nghip c xu hng doanh thu gim v 70% trong s doanh nghip c doanh thu khng thay i khng c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t. Trong khi 56% trong s doanh nghip c doanh thu t thng mi in t tng l cc doanh nghip c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t. Kt qu ny cho thy cc doanh nghip c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t c xu hng tng doanh thu t thng mi in t mt cch r rt. Hnh IV.23 Tm quan trng ca cn b chuyn trch thng mi in t th hin trong xu hng doanh thu ca doanh nghip

Nh vy c th thy vic c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t em li li ch thc s i vi cc doanh nghip trong vic ng dng thng mi in t. D vy, tnh hnh hin nay ang buc doanh nghip phi ct gim chi ph u t cho o to. Tuy nhin, rt nhiu trng i hc v cao ng nm bt c nhu cu ca doanh nghip v ang trin khai cc chng trnh o to chnh quy lin quan ti thng mi in t. y l mt tn hiu ng mng cho cc doanh nghip trong tng lai, khi i ng sinh vin c o to chnh quy v thng mi in t ra trng s l nhng cn b nng ct v thng mi in t ti doanh nghip. Hp IV.1 Bo co Tnh hnh o to thng mi in t ti cc trng i hc v cao ng nm 2008 Bo co Tnh hnh o to thng mi in t ti cc trng i hc v cao ng nm 2008 ca Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin - B Cng Thng l ti liu phn nh ton din thc trng hot ng ging dy v hc tp thng mi in t ti cc trng i hc v cao ng trn ton quc trong nm 2008. Theo Bo co, c 49 trng trin khai hot ng o to v thng mi in t, gm 30 trng i hc v 19 trng cao ng. V thi gian trin khai hot ng o to thng mi in t, 14 trng bt u t nm 2003 tr v trc, 9 trng nm 2004, 4 trng nm 2005, 11 trng nm 2006, 8 trng nm 2007 v 3 trng nm 2008.

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Nh vy, c th rt ra nhn xt ban u l hot ng o to thng mi in t uc ch trng t mt vi nm tr li y, bt kp vi nhp pht trin ni chung ca thng mi in t ti Vit Nam. V k hoch o to thng mi in t trong vng 5 nm ti, trong s 108 trng tham gia cuc iu tra c 33 trng d nh xy dng ngnh thng mi in t v 52 trng d kin s trin khai o to thng mi in t. Trn c s tng hp ton b kt qu cuc iu tra tnh hnh o to thng mi in t ti cc trng i hc v cao ng trn phm vi c nc, Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin kin ngh trin khai cc hot ng trong giai on hai nm cui ca K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010 nh sau: - D bo ngun nhn lc v thng mi in t ca cc doanh nghip giai on 2009 2010 v giai on 2011 - 2015. - nh gi cht lng o to nhn lc thng mi in t giai on va qua v mc p ng nhu cu ca cc doanh nghip v nhn lc uc o to chnh quy v thng mi in t. - Nghin cu, xy dng chng trnh khung cho ngnh o to thng mi in t, trnh i hc v cao ng. - Tng cng s lin kt gia cc trng i hc v cao ng o to thng mi in t, t chc hi tho v ch o to thng mi in t vi s tham gia ca ng o cc trng. - Bi dng kin thc php lut lin quan cho ging vin, bin son ti liu gii thiu cc v tranh chp in hnh trong nc v trn th gii i hi phi gii quyt theo php lut. - H tr cc trng nng cao ni dung thc hnh thng mi in t. - Thit lp th vin in t trn Cng thng tin in t ca B Cng Thng nhm ng ti cc ti liu, gio trnh thng mi in t. - Ph bin cc m hnh lin kt o to trc tuyn trong cc mn hc, ngnh hc gia cc trng i hc trong nc vi cc trng i hc nc ngoi, c bit l cc m hnh o to Thc s v Tin s. - T chc tp hun cho cc ging vin thng mi in t ca cc trng i hc v cao ng.

4. Tc ng ca thng mi in t v cc tr ngi cn tn ti
Thng mi in t em n nhng tc ng tch cc i vi hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Tuy nhin, doanh nghip thc s ng dng c thng mi in t vn cn tn ti mt s tr ngi nht nh.

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S liu iu tra lin quan ti mt s tr ngi trong ng dng thng mi in t cho thy mc chnh lch im bnh qun ca cc tr ngi khng ln. Mt khc, vn c cho l gy tr ngi ln cho hiu qu ng dng thng mi in t ca doanh nghip trong cc nm qua l Nhn thc ca ngi dn v doanh nghip v thng mi in t cn thp gim mnh t 3,32 nm 2005 xung 2,43 nm 2008. Vn c doanh nghip nh gi l tr ngi ln nht trong ng dng thng mi in t nm nay l h tng CNTT v truyn thng vi im trung bnh 2,68. iu ny cho thy vn H tng CNTT v truyn thng trong cc nm qua c ci thin song vn cn mt s s c nh: ng truyn chm, mng b ngt, v.v do cht lng cha lm hi lng ngi s dng. ng th nh v tr ngi cho ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip l vn H thng thanh ton vi im trung bnh 2,64. iu ny tri vi thc t l t nm 2007 nhiu gii php thanh ton trc tuyn c trin khai. Vic tch hp h thng thanh ton trc tuyn vo website cng khng cn qu kh khn v mt cng ngh v k thut nn tr ngi v thanh ton trc tuyn thc cht n t pha ngi tiu dng. H thng sn sng song ngi tiu dng vn cha c lng tin v thi quen p dng phng php thanh ton mi ny. Bng IV.10 nh gi tr ngi cho ng dng thng mi in t ca doanh nghip qua cc nm Cc tr ngi cho ng dng thng mi in t H tng CNTT v truyn thng H thng thanh ton Php l Mi trng x hi v tp qun kinh doanh Nhn lc CNTT Nhn thc v thng mi in t An ninh an ton im trung bnh
* Ch thch: im tr ngi cao nht l 4, thp nht l 1

2005 2.81 3.27 3.11 3.09 2.95 3.32 3.09

2006 2.22 3.19 2.64 2.45 2.45 3.23 2.78 2.71

2007 2.32 2.84 2.55 2.48 2.54 2.74 2.90 2.62

2008 2.68 2.64 2.57 2.49 2.49 2.43 2.37 2.52

Mc d im trung bnh ca tt c cc tr ngi cn cao (2,52 trn thang im 4), nhng lin tc gim dn qua cc nm, ng thi chnh lch im s gia cc tr ngi c co phng cho thy mi trng cho thng mi in t pht trin dn tr nn thun li hn. Nhn thc ca doanh nghip v hiu qu ca ng dng thng mi in t cng r rng hn nhiu. Trong s cc hiu qu chnh ca ng dng thng mi in t, doanh nghip cho im cao nht (2,91) i vi tc ng xy dng hnh nh doanh nghip m thng mi in t em li. Th nh l tc ng ca vic thu ht khch hng mi v th ba l m rng knh tip xc vi khch hng.

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Bng IV.11 nh gi cc tc dng ca thng mi in t ca doanh nghip qua cc nm Cc tc dng Xy dng hnh nh doanh nghip Thu ht khch hng mi M rng knh tip xc vi khch hng Tng kh nng cnh tranh Gim chi ph kinh doanh Tng li nhun v hiu qu hot ng Tng doanh s
* Ch thch: im tr ngi cao nht l 4, thp nht l 1

2005 3.27 3.32 2.81 3.09 2.95 3.11

2006 2.78 3.19 3.23 2.22 2.45 2.45 2.64

2007 2.90 2.84 2.74 2.32 2.48 2.54 2.55

2008 2.91 2.76 2.70 2.55 2.51 2.50 2.48

C th thy trong nhn thc ca doanh nghip v nhng tc ng m thng mi in t em li, im s ca hai tc ng lun c nh gi cao trong cc nm trc l M rng knh tip xc vi khch hng v Thu ht khch hng mi ang gim dn. Trong khi , hai tc ng ngy cng c doanh nghip nh gi cao l Xy dng hnh nh, thng hiu cho doanh nghip v Tng kh nng cnh tranh ca doanh nghip. iu ny phn nh thc t l cng vi vic ng dng thng mi in t dn i vo chiu su, nhn thc ca doanh nghip v tc ng m thng mi in t em li cng chuyn bin t nhng tc ng ngn hn v bn ngoi nh M rng knh tip xc vi khch hng v Thu ht khch hng mi, sang cc tc ng c nh hng su rng v lu di hn l Xy dng hnh nh doanh nghip v Tng kh nng cnh tranh.

IV. CC M HNH THNG MI IN T CHuYN BIT

Trong hot ng thng mi in t, bn cnh vic xy dng website ring qung b hnh nh, h tr khch hng v thc hin cc giao dch in t, cn c mt hnh thc ng dng khc l kinh doanh thng mi in t thng qua cc sn thng mi in t (e-marketplace).

1. Sn thng mi in t h tr giao dch doanh nghip vi doanh nghip (B2B)

Bt u xut hin vo nm 2003, s lng sn B2B ti Vit Nam tng trng nhanh trong hai nm 2005-2006. Tuy nhin, n nm 2007 tc tng trng c xu hng chng li v n nm 2008, s lng sn B2B bt u c xu hng gim i.20 Nhng sn thng mi in t ang tn ti v hot ng cng i mt vi thch thc ln v yu cu ci tin cht lng, m rng tnh nng v nng cao tnh chuyn nghip ca dch v c th tr vng trong bi cnh cnh tranh ngy cng gay gt.

20. Theo kt qu r sot hn 40 sn thng mi in t B2B c lit k trong nm 2007, c 16 sn ngng hot ng hoc chuyn i hnh thc kinh doanh.

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Hp IV.2 Alibaba quan tm m rng hot ng ti th trng Vit Nam Alibaba.com l mt trong nhng sn thng mi in t B2B hng u th gii vi tng ti sn ln ti 2,5 t USD, trong Yahoo chim 40%. Nm 2007 Alibaba c hng triu doanh nghip thnh vin vi hn 10 triu giao dch online. Ring Vit Nam c gn 5000 ti khon ca nh cung cp ng k ti Alibaba cho bn sn phm xut khu. Vi mc ch gip cho cc doanh nghip Vit Nam tip cn tt hn vi dch v ca Alibaba nh ng k ti khon, gii thch thut ng, cc phng php cho hng hay h tr ngn ng, gia thng 4 nm 2008 Alibaba tin hnh tip xc vi Vinalink Media. Vinalink l mt cng ty kinh doanh trc tuyn ti Vit Nam, hin ang qun l sn giao dch Thp (Metal.com.vn), Danh b website Vit Nam (Vietnamwebsite.net), Chuyn trang B2B (Vietnamexport.net) v Danh b Cng ty (Company.vn). Alibaba la chn Vinalink l i tc chnh thc ti Vit Nam, c quyn cung cp cc cng c ca Alibaba trn h thng website ca mnh. Cc doanh nghip Vit Nam c th ng k ti khon trc tip thng qua nhng website ny, tham gia giao dch mua bn, nng cp thnh vin hay hi p trc tip bng ting Vit vi cc chuyn gia ca Vinalink. Ngoi ra cc thnh vin trn h thng ca Vinalink cng s c tch hp vo c s d liu ca Alibaba qung b ra ton th gii. Ngun: http://webhay.vietnamwebsite.net/read.php?37 Cho n nay tin ch ca phn ln cc sn B2B Vit Nam vn ch dng vic ng ti thng tin doanh nghip v nhu cu mua bn. Hu nh cha sn no c nhng tin ch hu dng h tr doanh nghip m phn, giao kt hp ng trc tuyn v theo di tin trnh thc hin hp ng. Tuy nhin, trc sc p cnh tranh trong bi cnh hi nhp quc t ngy cng su rng, quy trnh vn hnh v hot ng ca cc sn thng mi in t B2B Vit Nam trong nm 2008 c nhiu chuyn bin v cht lng. Trc tin l n lc ca cc n v qun l sn nhm ci tin giao din, a dng ha dch v v to iu kin cho doanh nghip thnh vin c nhiu c hi hn trong vic tip xc vi th trng cng nh gia tng khi lng giao dch. Ngoi ra, mt s sn B2B cng tin thm mt bc trong vic c bit ha dch v trn c s sp xp v phn loi li thnh vin. Cng Thng mi in t quc gia (ECVN) trong nm 2008 thc hin phn loi cc doanh nghip thnh vin thnh bn nhm: Kim cng, Vng, Bc, T do, vi mc tiu l xy dng v cung cp cc gi dch v h tr ph hp vi tng nhm i tng khi tham gia kinh doanh trn ECVN. Nh trn ni, trong nm 2008, s lng cc sn thng mi in t B2B c xu hng gim i so vi cc nm trc y. Trc thc t ny, cc sn B2B ang hot ng ci tin v thay i trong phng thc kinh doanh v phng thc cung cp dch v ca mnh. Nhng thay i kp thi mang li kt qu kinh doanh tch cc cho cc sn trong bi cnh kinh t th gii v trong nc kh khn. Mt trong nhng kt qu l trong nm 2008, trc s suy thoi kinh t ton cu, cc hot ng thng mi c xu hng chng li nhng s lng thnh vin v s lng truy cp vo cc sn B2B vn tng ln so vi cc nm trc.

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Hnh IV.24 Tng trng v s lng thnh vin v s lt truy cp ca Gophatdat qua cc nm 2006 2008

Nm 2008 cng chng kin s chuyn i v phng thc hot ng ca mt s sn thng mi in t B2B. Trc y a s sn hot ng trn c s phi li nhun, vi mc tiu h tr doanh nghip lm quen vi thng mi in t v thit lp knh xc tin thng mi mi. Cn hin nay cc n v qun l sn u ang ng trc yu cu t hch ton kinh doanh, to ngun thu m bo s pht trin bn vng hn trong tng lai. Hp IV.3 Cng Thng mi in t quc gia ECVN chuyn sang hnh thc hot ng c thu ph Cng Thng mi in t quc gia ECVN c thnh lp theo Quyt nh s 266/2003/ Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ngy 17/12/2003. Sau 5 nm hot ng trn c s phi li nhun nhm h tr doanh nghip lm quen vi thng mi in t, ECVN chuyn sang hnh thc thu ph thnh vin theo cc gi dch v Kim cng, Vng, Bc, T do t ngy 01/7/2008. Cng vi vic chuyn i phng thc hot ng, trong nm 2008 ECVN cn trin khai mt s dch v mi nhm nng cao cht lng dch v cho thnh vin nh: thm nh thng tin i tc; phi hp vi Bn tin Xut khu InfoTV (VCTV9) - i Truyn hnh Vit Nam thc hin Chng trnh H tr doanh nghip thnh vin gii thiu sn phm, dch v min ph trn knh InfoTV; cung cp dch v hi p trc tuyn ti 60 Thng v ca Vit Nam nc ngoi qua a ch website www.thitruongnuocngoai. vn/?ssoft=23 cc thnh vin tm hiu thm thng tin cn thit v th trng cho sn phm ca mnh nhng nc m Vit Nam c i din thng mi. Tuy cn rt nhiu thch thc tin ti mt m hnh kinh doanh tht s hiu qu v hon thin, nhng ECVN t c nhng thnh tu nht nh trong giai on chuyn i ny. Ghi nhn bc u l sn pht trin thm 1000 thnh vin mi trong qu IV v doanh thu tnh n ngy 17/12/2008 t 125 triu, vt mc ch tiu ra.

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C th ni, sau mt giai on pht trin kh si ng t nm 2005-2007, nm 2008 l nm cc sn thng mi in t B2B ca Vit Nam tm chng li nh hnh phng thc hot ng v tm hng i mi cho mnh. Tuy s lng gim i, nhng nhng sn B2B cn li s pht trin mt cch thc cht v theo chiu su, gp phn a thng mi in t B2B ca Vit Nam i theo hng tp trung, chuyn nghip v c cht lng hn trong tng lai. iu ny cng phn nh ng xu hng pht trin ca thng mi in t ni chung v hot ng thng mi in t B2B ni ring c kim nghim qua thc tin ca mt s nc i trc nh Hn Quc, Trung Quc, v.v

2. Sn thng mi in t h tr giao dch doanh nghip vi ngi tiu dng (B2C) v

ngi tiu dng vi ngi tiu dng (C2C) Hin nay ti Vit Nam cha c s tch bch r rng gia hai m hnh thng mi in t B2C v C2C. Cc sn thng mi in t hot ng trong lnh vc ny thng kt hp kh linh hot cc dch v cho c i tng doanh nghip, ngi bun bn nh v c nhn mua bn phc v nhu cu sinh hot. Tuy gi tr nhng giao dch ny khng ln nhng cc m hnh thng mi in t B2C v C2C c sc lan ta cao v gp phn a ng dng thng mi in t ti tng ngi dn, to thi quen mua bn hin i cho x hi. Bng IV.12 Nhiu website thng mi in t B2C v C2C c xp trong danh sch 100 website hng u Vit Nam theo xp hng ca Alexa vo ngy 15/12/2008 Website Vatgia.com Thegioididong.com 123mua.com.vn Muare.com Rongbay.com Enbac.com Chodientu.vn Muaban.net Th hng Alexa ti Vit Nam 18 47 55 59 60 64 84 98 M hnh B2C B2C B2C v C2C B2C v C2C C2C C2C B2C v C2C C2C Phng thc t chc Bn hng Bn hng Bn hng Trao i v cng ng Rao vt Rao vt Bn hng Rao vt

Nu nm 2008 hot ng kinh doanh ca cc sn thng mi in t B2B tng i trm lng th cc sn B2C v C2C li c bc pht trin nhanh v vng chc trn nhiu phng din. Lng truy cp cng nh lng giao dch tng mnh cho thy th trng thng mi in t Vit Nam ang pht trin, ng thi gip nng cao v cng c v tr ca cc sn thng mi in t Vit Nam. Nu nhng nm trc, trong danh sch cc website hng u Vit Nam hu nh khng c mt website thng mi in t no, th nm 2008 xut hin 7 sn thng

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mi in t B2C v C2C trong danh sch 100 website c lng truy cp ln nht Vit Nam theo thng k ca Alexa.21 Hnh IV.25 Biu tng trng lng truy cp trn mt s website thng mi in t nm 2008 theo thng k ca Alexa ngy 15/12/2008
123mua.com.vn Vatgia.com

Chodientu.vn

Rongbay.com

21. Alexa l mt site thng k rt ph bin v c s dng bi nhiu doanh nghip cng nh nhng ngi s

dng web thng thng.Thng qua vic thng k hot ng ca ngi dng web, Alexa c th a ra danh sch xp hng nhng website theo mc ph bin v c nhiu ngi truy cp.

Ch s Alexa Ranking xp th hng cc website c truy cp thng xuyn, c thng k da trn nhng ngi dng ci t thanh cng c Alexa Toolbar. Khi vo mt website, thanh cng c Alexa ny s hin th th hng Ranking ca website , ng thi lit k cc website c ni dung v mc ph bin tng ng. Hin ti, c hn 10 triu my tnh truy cp Internet mi quc gia trn th gii ci t thanh cng c Alexa Toolbar. Ch s th hng Alexa c kt hp t 2 yu t l s trang web ngi dng xem (Page Views) v s ngi truy cp (Reach). Cc s liu Page Views v Reach s c thng k theo ngy v tnh gi tr trung bnh trong thi gian 3 thng gn nht, t tnh ra ch s Alexa. Cc ch s ny c cp nht t ng phn nh xu hng thay i theo chu k 3 ngy mt ln. (Ngun: VietnamNet)

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Hnh trn cho thy tc tng trng nhanh v n nh v lng truy cp ca mt s sn thng mi in t B2C/C2C tiu biu trong nm 2008. iu ny gii thch cho s bt ph mnh v th hng ca nhm website thng mi in t trong danh sch nhng website hng u Vit Nam theo thng k Alexa. Xu hng tng trng khng ch th hin trong mi tng quan chung vi cc website thuc nhng lnh vc khc nh tin tc tng hp, cng c tm kim, tr chi trc tuyn, ti nhc v phim, v.v... m cn c phn nh r nt trong hot ng ca tng website ring l.

Bng IV.13 123mua.com.vn tng trng nhanh trong nm 2008 Thng tin M hnh hot ng Th hng Alexa Lng truy cp S lng doanh nghip, c nhn tham gia bn hng S lng sn phm ng bn S lng giao dch 70 doanh nghip tham gia gi hng bn Nm 2007 B2C (bn hng cho doanh nghip) 294 (thng 12/2007) Nm 2008 B2C (m rng cho cc c th, ca hng nh t kinh doanh bn hng) 53 (thng 12/2008) Tng gp 20 ln 7.500 gian hng

Tng gp 20 ln Tng hn 100 ln

Nhn vo t chc ca nhng sn thng mi in t B2C v C2C hng u hin nay, c th thy mc trin khai cc tnh nng thng mi in t cn kh n gin. a s doanh nghip vn hnh cc sn ny tha nhn lng truy cp v giao dch trn sn ch yu tp trung khu vc rao vt, trao i v cng ng. Nhng ngi bn hng chuyn nghip trn website hin vn cha nhiu. Tuy nhin, hng tip cn m cc sn la chn l ph hp vi trnh pht trin ca th trng Vit Nam v quy lut pht trin chung ca thng mi in t trn th gii. Vic trao i, kt ni cng ng tham gia thng mi in t nhng hnh thi s khai nht nh rao vt, so snh gi, v.v... s gip to lp thi quen cho ngi tiu dng, hnh thnh nn cng ng khch hng v xc lp ch ng ca cc doanh nghip thng mi in t trn th trng. Thng qua n lc tng lng truy cp giai on u bng nhng m hnh thng mi in t gin n, cc sn B2C v C2C ny ang gp phn thc y s lan ta ca thng mi in t trong x hi v xy dng th trng tng lai cho thng mi in t Vit Nam.

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Hp IV.4 Mt s website B2C v C2C tr ti Vit Nam c tc tng trng cao Tuy ch mi ra i t nm 2007, nhng www.rongbay.com v www.enbac.com - hai website do Cng ty c phn truyn thng Vit Nam (VCCorp) vn hnh - pht trin nhanh chng trong nm 2008 tr thnh nhng website ln v mua bn, rao vt, u gi ca th trng thng mi in t Vit Nam. Rng bay (www.rongbay.com) l trang mua bn rao vt nm trong h thng cc trang thng mi in t ca VCCorp. Ra i vo thng 6/2007, hin nay Rongbay.com ng th 59 theo xp hng ca Alexa. Pageview trung bnh thng l 17,5 triu. Rng bay s hu cng ngh phn loi thng minh, cung cp c quyn thng tin rao vt cho cc website uy tn hng u Vit Nam nh Dn tr, Thanh nin online, Vnmedia. Lng truy cp tnh n cui nm 2008 tng 30% so vi nm 2007. n bc (www.enbac.com) l mt chuyn trang v mua bn v u gi trc tuyn. Ti y, tt c cc thnh vin ca enbac.com u c th t do xy dng gian hng ca mnh vi nhng tin ng c ni dung phong ph, hnh nh p mt. c bit nh minh ha cho cc sn phm hng ha c xem trc tip trn website, trn flash v xem bng Piclens. Vic ci t Piclens s mang li cho ngi dng nhng bc nh tuyt vi, r nt nht. Hin nay, enbac.com l webiste thng mi duy nht ti Vit Nam s dng cng ngh tin tin ny. Mi ra i t thng 6/2008 nhng enbac.com c tc tng trng rt n tng, trung bnh 16 triu pageview v 2 triu lt truy cp/thng, hin xp th 62 theo nh gi ca Alexa. Gia thng 12 nm 2007, VCCorp ra mt mt website thng tin gii tr mi dnh cho tui teen l www.kenh14.vn. Tc tng trng truy cp ca Knh14 l 150% qua tng thng, n nay t lng pageview 60 triu/thng, gp 13 ln so vi i th ng th 2 th trng l Hoa hc tr online vi thng hiu 16 nm. K t thng 4 nm 2008, mi thng s lng i tc hp tc qung co v ti tr vi Knh14 tng 30% so vi thng trc. Mc d cc dch v thng mi in t B2C v C2C n gin nh rao vt, trao i thng tin, so snh gi, v.v... hin vn chim u th, nhng nhiu doanh nghip vn hnh sn v ang n lc pht trin cc m hnh kinh doanh thng mi in t theo hng chuyn nghip hn. Cng vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca h tng thanh ton trong hai nm gn y, mt s sn thng mi in t ang phn u tch hp tnh nng thanh ton trc tuyn hon thin thm mt bc quy trnh giao dch gia cc bn trn sn. Bn cnh , vic xy dng cc gian hng ty bin cho thnh vin cng c nhiu doanh nghip vn hnh sn tip tc duy tr, nhm hng ti vic bn hng trn quy m rng v chuyn nghip hn.

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Hp IV.5 N lc pht trin m hnh thng mi in t B2C v C2C chuyn nghip ti chodientu.vn M u cho nhng thay i v pht trin nm 2008 ca Ch in t l vic cho ra i h thng thanh ton trc tuyn bng th Tn dng (Credit) hoc ghi n (Debit) quc t vi cc thng hiu VISA, MASTER, JCB, AMEX, DINERS, c tc dng ngay sau khi ngi mua t lnh thanh ton. Vo thi im , website ca t chc VISA chu a Ch in t ng u danh sch TOP 3 Verified by VISA, trong khi website ca MASTER CARD ton cu ghi Ch in t ng u danh sch TOP 5 website an ton giao dch ti Vit Nam (cc website khc l cc tn tui ln trong ngnh Du lch nh Pacific Airlines, VietTravel, v.v). Thng 6 nm 2008, Ch in t bt tay vi tp on eBay v tr thnh th trng th 40 nh du s c mt v vn hnh chnh thc ca eBay ti th trng ni a. Thng 9 nm 2008, Ch in t cho ra mt website ng thng hiu dnh cho th trng thng mi in t ni a ti a ch www.chodientu.vn, kt np thm thng hiu eBay v a ra nhng ci tin theo hng xy dng mt mng x hi mua sm nhm ph hp hn vi c trng ca th trng Vit Nam. Trong mi thnh vin ng k, k c ngi mua hoc khng bn hng thng xuyn u c cp mt shop c bn min ph vi kh nng tu bin v tnh c nhn ha cao, cng nhiu tnh nng tng tc v chia s thng tin vi cng ng Thng 12 nm 2008, Ch in t v eBay cho ra mt th nghim (chy Close-Beta) dch v mua hng nhp khu trc tip t eBay M v Vit Nam ti a ch http://cbt.chodientu. vn v thanh ton qua cng c trung gian NgnLng.vn (c xy dng theo m hnh ca mng thanh ton PayPal) thay v phi c ti khon PayPal, m ra c hi mua hng gi r hoc cc sn phm khng c Vit Nam cho ngi tiu dng trong nc. Ring mng xut khu sang eBay cc nc ang c th nghim vi s h tr t tp on Intel nhm ni tip s thnh cng tng t ca eBay ti n , Thi Lan, v.v Nm 2008 cng din ra nhiu hot ng Marketing, pht trin ngi bn, thc y mua bn hng v cc chng trnh mang tnh cng ng si ng. i cng cc chng trnh n theo cc s kin quan trng trong nm, vic kt hp vi cc i tc ln nh LenovoIBM, Samsung a u gi trc tuyn thnh mt hin tng thu ht nhiu quan tm ca v l c s tt hng dn, o to cng ng lm thng mi in t bn hng trc tuyn. Nm 2007 khp li vi 22 ngn thnh vin ng k mi th nm 2008 t 82 ngn thnh vin mi (gp 4 ln so vi 2007), tng s thnh vin ca Ch in t n thi im ny t 187.114 thnh vin. Xp hng truy cp tng trng lin tc v ng th 84 ti Vit Nam l iu ng khch l trong iu kin thng mi in t Vit Nam cn nhiu mi m trong khi m hnh kinh doanh m Ch in t theo ui l mua bn thc s trc tuyn nh eBay ang cn rt nhiu kh khn so vi cc m hnh hng giao dch trc tip nh rao vt hay so snh gi.

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N lc khng ngng ci thin v chuyn nghip ha dch v ca cc sn thng mi in t em li hiu qu kinh doanh r rt, xt t c tiu ch khch hng, lng giao dch, v doanh s trn sn. S tng trng v lng, th hin qua nhng con s thng k lt truy cp, s thnh vin, danh mc sn phm, v lng giao dch, v.v... thng c xem l thc o nh gi thnh cng ca mt website. Tuy nhin, m bo s pht trin bn vng v thc cht, website thng mi in t cn phi em li doanh thu n nh cho doanh nghip vn hnh website. Trn phng din ny, nm 2008 cng ghi nhn nhng tin b rt kh quan v doanh thu ca mt s sn thng mi in t B2C v C2C. Hp IV.6 Kt qu kinh doanh ca vatgia.com tng mnh trong nm 2008 c thnh lp vo gia nm 2007, vatgia.com c nhng bc pht trin vt bc trong nm 2008 nhanh chng tr thnh mt trong cc sn thng mi in t B2C hng u Vit Nam. V s lng thnh vin, hin ti vatgia.com c 150.000 thnh vin chinh thc. iu ng ni l trong nm 2008, vatgia.com p dng mc ph dch v tng gp 2 ln so vi nm 2007 cho cc thnh vin nhng s lng ng k lm thnh vin vn tng u theo tng thng. Cng vi s gia tng v s lng thnh vin, lng gian hng mi v sn phm mi c a ln website cng tng theo vi 30 gian hng mi v 500 sn phm mi c a ln mi ngy. V s lt truy cp, trong nm 2008, s lt truy cp hng ngy vo website vatgia.com l 250.000 lt. Thng k hng thng cho thy so vi nm 2007, nm 2008, s lt truy cp hng thng tng trung bnh t 15% n 20%. T l thun vi s lt truy cp, s lng giao dch trn website cng tng hn vi 15% lt truy cp l c thc hin giao dch v 85% trong s l giao dch thnh cng. V tng trng doanh thu, nm 2008 doanh thu ca vatgia.com tng 200% so vi nm 2007; v th hng website, vatgia.com ng th 17 trong top 100 website hng u Vit Nam theo xp hng ca Alexa v dn u trong cc website thng mi in t Vit Nam. Mt im sng na ca thng mi in t Vit Nam nm 2008 l vic mt s doanh nghip thng mi in t hng u th gii bt u trin khai mnh hot ng chim lnh th trng ni a. Vo Vit Nam t cui 2006-u 2007 qua nhng website c giao din ting Vit vi cu trc kh n gin, n nm 2008 Yahoo v Google mi bt u y mnh hot ng bng vic cung cp mt lot dch v c bit ha dnh ring cho cng ng ni ting Vit. c bit, cc dch v qung co dnh cho doanh nghip ti Vit Nam v hng ti th trng Vit Nam cng c trin khai mnh trn rt nhiu cng c m Yahoo v Google cung cp, em li doanh thu bc u cho doanh nghip t th trng thng mi in t cn rt tim nng ny.

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Hp IV.7 Yahoo y mnh hot ng ti th trng Vit Nam nm 2008 Vi mt th trng gn 20 triu ngi s dng Internet (a s thuc nhm ngi tr) nh hin nay, Vit Nam r rng l ni rt tim nng cc i gia nh Yahoo hay Google khai thc th trng qung co trc tuyn cng nh cc dch v ni dung s. Thng 8 nm 2007, Vn phng i din ca Yahoo c thnh lp ti TP. H Ch Minh v n cui thng 4 nm 2008, Yahoo chnh thc b nhim ng V Minh Tr vo v tr Tng Gim c Yahoo Vit Nam. Trong mt thi gian ngn, hng lot dch v mi c Yahoo tung ra nhm vo th trng Vit Nam nh: M ha ting Vit giao din ca Yahoo v mt s dch v i km; kt hp mt s bo cung cp thng tin ting Vit trn trang ch www.yahoo.com.vn; hp tc vi MobiFone tung ra dch v tm kim trn in thoi di ng OneSearch. c bit, mi y h chnh thc cng b 4 doanh nghip Vit Nam l Cng ty Admax, Cng ty Qung co trc tuyn FPT, Cng ty c phn Truyn thng GapIT v Tp on truyn thng Golden lm i l qung co c y quyn ti Vit Nam. Theo , cc i tc trn s thc hin vic qung b v bn cc sn phm qung co trc tuyn a dng ca Yahoo cho cc cng ty v cc thng hiu ti Vit Nam. Nhng hot ng trn cho thy Yahoo ang th hin quyt tm rt cao trong vic chim lnh v y mnh hot ng ti Vit Nam - mt th trng vin thng c mc tng trng cao v y tim nng - nhm t c mc tiu kinh doanh ca mnh.

Nm 2008 cn nh du mt bc tin mi trong qu trnh thm nhp th trng Vit Nam ca eBay - sn thng mi in t B2C v C2C hng u th gii. Tuy giao din ting Vit ca trang ch eBay c thit lp t nm 2007, nhng eBay cha thc s trin khai cc hot ng nhm ti th trng ni a cho n gia nm 2008, khi ban lnh o cng ty quyt nh thit lp quan h i tc vi mt website thng mi in t Vit Nam l Ch in t. Quyt nh mang tnh chin lc ny c th gip eBay tip cn su hn th trng trong khi tit kim c ti a ngun lc, rt ngn giai on khi ng v pht huy nng lc sn c ca i tc kinh doanh.
Hp IV.8 Bc tin chin lc ca eBay vo th trng Vit Nam trong nm 2008 Ngy 17 thng 6, eBay chnh thc thng bo thit lp quan h i tc vi website thng mi in t Ch in t (chodientu.vn). Theo , Ch in t s chuyn i thnh mt website ng thng hiu v kt np thm thng hiu ca eBay; c tng cng bi cc chc nng cho php cc c nhn v doanh nghip trn ton quc thc hin cc giao dch thng mi trong nc cng nh quc t thng qua vic kt ni vi cc website ton cu ca eBay.

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Tha thun ny a Vit Nam tr thnh th trng th 40 m eBay c mt v vn hnh chnh thc th trng ni a. Ebay chnh thc vo Vit Nam t thng 6 nm ngoi. Tuy nhin, so vi thng hiu ton cu ca mnh, du n ca eBay c v cn qu m nht sau mt nm hot ng ti th trng Vit Nam. C v nh lnh o ca eBay hy vng ci thin tnh hnh qua vic bt tay vi mt website thng mi in t ni a nhm hng n cng ng gn 20 triu ngi s dng Internet ca Vit Nam. ng Dan Neary, Ph Ch tch eBay ph trch cc th trng mi ni pht biu: Chng ti tin rng website ng thng hiu ny s cung cp nhng c hi kinh t mi cho ngi mua v ngi bn ti Vit Nam, cho php h khng ch giao dch thng mi trong nc, m cn vi 83 triu ngi trn ton th gii ang s dng cc giao dch thng mi qua mng eBay hin nay. Ci bt tay vi eBay cng mang li nhng li ch khng nh cho Ch in t (do Cty PeaceSoft pht trin, qun l v c IDG u t). Thng qua tho thun ny, s kt hp gia s am hiu v th trng trong nc ca chng ti vi nng lc ct li ca eBay trong thng mi quc t s em n nhng kinh nghim thng mi in t tt nht cho cng ng ngi dng Internet Vit Nam - ng Nguyn Ha Bnh, Tng gim c Cng ty PeaceSoft chia s. Ngun: http://www.laodong.com.vn/Home/cntt/2008/6/93509.laodong Vic eBay - mt tn tui thng mi in t ln ca th gii bt tay vi mt website trong nc l tn hiu tt cho thng mi in t Vit Nam. Hn bt c lnh vc no, thng mi in t ang l lnh vc chu tc ng mnh ca sc p cnh tranh quc t ngay ti sn nh, nn vic cc nh cung cp dch v nc ngoi chn con ng lin doanh lin kt vi doanh nghip trong nc tin vo th trng ni a gp phn nng cao v th ca doanh nghip Vit Nam trong bi cnh cnh tranh ton cu. Ngoi ra, s hin din ca eBay cng s gp phn khuych trng li ch ca vic ng dng thng mi in t trong x hi, tng nim tin cho ngi tiu dng v to iu kin doanh nghip Vit Nam tip cn vi nhng m hnh thng mi in t tin tin ca th gii. Tng kt li, tnh hnh pht trin thng mi in t B2C v C2C nm 2008 c nhiu chuyn bin rt tch cc. Bn cnh s tng trng v lng truy cp v khi lng giao dch, cc sn thng mi in t cng ang i vo giai on pht trin theo chiu su, th hin qua n lc ci tin m hnh kinh doanh v chuyn nghip ha dch v trn sn. Ngoi ra, s gia nhp th trng ca mt s tn tui thng mi in t ln trn th gii ang to ra rt nhiu c hi v ng lc thng mi in t Vit Nam nng cao sc cnh tranh, bt nhp vi trnh thng mi in t chung ca khu vc cng nh ton cu.

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V. MT S LNH VC NG DNG THNG MI IN T NI BT

Nm 2008, do tc ng ca tnh hnh kinh t th gii v trong nc, cc ngnh, cc lnh vc cng c mc pht trin ng dng thng mi in t khc nhau. Nguyn nhn ch yu dn n tnh trng ny l do c th v s pht trin ca tng lnh vc kinh doanh. Nhng lnh vc kinh doanh gn lin vi cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t nh bn l hng ha trc tuyn, bn v my bay, qung co, v.v vn c mc ng dng cao, trong khi nhng lnh vc khc th khng c nhiu s khc bit so vi nm 2007. Ngc li, c nhng lnh vc kinh doanh nh chng khon kh pht trin trong nm 2007, nhng sang nm 2008 tnh hnh kinh doanh kh khn ko theo h qu l ng dng thng mi in t chng li hoc i xung. Kt qu iu tra cho thy, trong cc lnh vc ng dng thng mi in t nm 2008, hai lnh vc c nhiu tin b ni bt l vn ti hnh khch v bn l hng ha trc tuyn.

1. ng dng thng mi in t trong vn ti hnh khch

Trong lnh vc vn ti hnh khch, vic ng dng thng mi in t ang tng bc c thc hin nhiu loi hnh khc nhau, c bit l vn ti ng st v hng khng. Trong vn ti ng st, thng 11 nm 2008 Cng ty ng st Si Gn xy dng k hoch thc hin vic t ch v bn v tu Tt Nguyn n K Su 2009 qua website www.vetau.com.vn. Mc d sau , chng trnh ny phi tm hon v l do k thut nhng ng thi ny cho thy ngnh ng st Vit Nam c nhng bc i u tin nhm ng dng thng mi in t vo hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh. Nu nh trong vn ti ng st vic ng dng thng mi in t vn ang nhng bc th nghim ban u th trong vn ti hng khng, ng dng ny c tin hnh t nhiu nm nay v nhiu mc khc nhau. Theo ng quy lut chung trn th gii, ng dng thng mi in t u tin m cc hng hng khng ti Vit Nam trin khai l dch v tra cu chuyn bay v t ch qua mng. Vi dch v ny, khch hng c th vo website ca cc hng hng khng tra cu lch bay, hng gh, gi v v mt s thng tin khc ca chuyn bay cng nh tin hnh t ch trc tuyn. Dch v mang li cho khch hng rt nhiu tin ch nh ch ng trong vic tm kim thng tin, tit kim thi gian v chi ph mua v, khng phi lin h vi nhiu ni khi t ch ti nhng chng bay ng khch, v.v Bng IV.14 Danh sch mt s hng hng khng Vit Nam cho php tra cu thng tin v t ch trc tuyn STT 1 2 3 4 Hng hng khng Vietnam Airlines Aeroflot Cathay Pacific China Airlines STT 8 9 10 11 Hng hng khng Malaysia Airlines Jetstar Pacific Thai Airways United Airlines

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5 6 7

China Southern Airlines Eva Airways Korean Air

12 13 14

Japan Airlines Qantas Airways Singapore Airlines

Trong nm 2008, mt ng dng thng mi in t c cc hng hng khng Vit Nam thc hin rt rng ri l vic bn v my bay in t. Theo quy nh ca Hip hi Vn ti Hng khng quc t (IATA), ti cui nm 2008, cc hng hng khng phi c bn thc hin xong chng trnh bn v my bay in t trn tt c cc tuyn bay ca mnh. V vy, trong nm 2008 cc hng hng khng Vit Nam ng lot tin hnh chuyn i t v giy sang v in t. Bng IV.15 Chng trnh bn v my bay in t ca mt s hng hng khng Vit Nam Ni dung Vietnam Airlines (VNA) Jestar Pacific (JPA)

Thi gian biu ca Thng 7/2008, VNA hon tt Thng 3/2006, JPA bt u trin chng trnh vic trin khai bn v my bay khai bn v my bay in t. in t (E-Ticket). S ng bay 36 ng bay quc t v 27 7 ng bay ni a v hai ng ng bay ni a (bao gm c bay quc t t Tp. H Ch Minh i ng bay do VASCO khai thc). 3 Bangkok v Singapore. Thng 10/2008, VNA kt ni c v in t (Interline E-Ticket) vi 59 hng hng khng i tc trn th gii (24 hng Chu , 25 hng Chu u, 05 hng Chu M, 4 hng Chu c v 01 hng Chu Phi). Jetstar Pacific cn trin khai bn v my bay in t trn cc ng bay ni a ca Australia v cc ng bay quc t t c n trn 40 im trn th gii cho tt c cc hng hng khng mang thng hiu Jetstar trn ton cu.

Cc vn khc

Ngun: Vietnam Airlines v Jetstar Pacific Airlines

Jetstar Pacific Airlines (trc y l Pacific Airlines) l hng hng khng i tin phong trong vic trin khai bn v my bay in t ti Vit Nam. Cng ty bt u bn v in t trn mt s tuyn bay t thng 3 nm 2006 v chuyn sang p dng v in t trn ton h thng t ngy 13 thng 02 nm 2007. n nay, ton b hot ng t ch, mua v, in v v thanh ton ca Jetstar Pacific u c tin hnh thng qua mng Internet. Hiu qu ca v my bay in t cng c khng nh sau hai nm trin khai.

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Hp IV.9 Doanh thu ca Jetstar Pacific Airlines qua www.jetstar.com.vn Theo s liu thng k ca Jetstar Pacific Airlines, nu doanh thu bn v qua pacificairlines.com.vn trong c nm 2007 t 800 t ng th doanh thu 6 thng u nm 2008 t trn 500 t ng, ring gi tr thanh ton trc tip trn Internet t gn 100 t ng. D kin n cui nm 2008, doanh thu qua www.jetstar.com.vn s t trn 1.200 t ng, trong khch hng thanh ton trc tuyn qua internet t khong 250 t ng. Ngun: Jetstar Pacific Airlines Sau hai nm trin khai bn v my bay trc tuyn, Jetstar Pacific Airlines t c nhng kt qu ng k. Nm 2007, nm u tin thc hin bn v my bay trn website, lng khch hng mua v trc tuyn t 70% tng s khch hng ca Jetstar Pacific Airlines. Nm 2008, lng khch hng mua v trc tuyn tng ln 77%. Kt qu ny cho thy lng v c Jetstar Pacific Airlines cung cp trc tuyn khng ch chim phn ln s v bn ra m cn c xu hng tng ln trong hai nm va qua. Cng vi chiu hng tng ln v s lng v trc tuyn bn ra, thanh ton trc tuyn cng t c nhng tng trng ng k. Nu nh nm 2007, 14% trong tng s v bn ra qua www.pacificairlines.com.vn c thanh ton trc tuyn, n nm 2008, con s ny t 19% tng s v bn ra qua www.jetstar.com.vn.22 Thc hin bn v in t trc tuyn c th coi l mt quy trnh thng mi in t B2C hon chnh, trong ton b cc bc t chn hng, t mua, thanh ton v giao nhn hng u c thc hin trn mi trng Internet. Khng ch em li hiu qu kinh t cho doanh nghip, m hnh bn v trc tuyn cn gp phn thit lp thi quen tiu dng vn minh v to c nim tin trong ngi tiu dng. iu ny c minh chng qua vic www.jetstar.com.vn ca Jetstar Pacific Airlines t c s phiu cao nht trong Chng trnh bnh chn website thng mi in t xut sc nm 2008 do Trung tm pht trin Thng mi in t (EcomViet) - B Cng Thng phi hp vi Hip hi Thng mi in t Vit Nam (Vecom) t chc vo thng 11 nm 2008. Bng IV.16 Danh sch website thng mi in t xut sc nm 2008 do ngi tiu dng bnh chn STT 1 2 3 4 www.jetstar.com www.25h.vn www.vinabook.com www.megabuy.vn Website

22. Ngun: Jetstar Pacific Airlines

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5 6 7 8 9 10

www.travel.com.vn www.thegioihoatuoi.com.vn www.saigontourist.net www.goodsmart.com.vn www.linhperfume.com www.golmart.vn Tng s ~ 10.000 lt bnh chn

Tuy i sau mt bc so vi Jetstar Pacific Airlines, nhng Vietnam Airlines - Hng hng khng quc gia Vit Nam cng trin khai mt k hoch bn v in t kh quy m trong nm 2008 p ng thi hn do IATA t ra. n cui nm 2008, Vietnam Airlines c bn hon tt vic chuyn i v giy thnh v in t trn tt c cc chng bay m hng ang khai thc. Hin nay Vietnam Airlines ang hon thin v chun b a vo vn hnh chng trnh bn v my bay trc tuyn trong na u nm 2009. Hp IV.10 Chng trnh bn v my bay in t ca Vietnam Airlines Giai on mt V c bn, Vietnam Airlines hon thnh chng trnh chuyn i t v giy sang v in t trn tt c cc chng bay ni a v quc t, k c nhng chng bay do Cng ty Bay dch v hng khng (VASCO) khai thc. Hin nay, sau khi hon tt qu trnh chuyn i v trin khai bn v in t ti cc phng v ca Tng cng ty, Vietnam Airlines ang tin hnh o to cho cc i l, cc phng v v k nng v qu trnh thc hin vic chuyn i cng nh pht hnh v in t c th nhanh chng p dng chng trnh trn ton b mng li bn v ca hng. Qu trnh ny cn c thi gian nn tm thi, mt s tuyn bay, c bit l cc tuyn bay quc t v cc tuyn bay t hai chng tr ln, khch hng khi mua v ti cc i l ca Vietnam Airlines vn s c xut v giy nh trc y nhng trong thi gian ti, tt c cc v xut ra ca Vietnam Airlines s c chuyn thnh v in t. Giai on hai Vietnam Airlines thc hin bn v my bay trc tuyn trn website ca mnh vo thng 12 nm 2008 v n thng 6 nm 2009, Vietnam Airlines s a cc dch v, tin ch phc v khch hng vo website. Khi trin khai bn v my bay trc tuyn, Vietnam Airlines s p dng hnh thc thanh ton chnh l thanh ton trc tuyn trn 5 loi th tn dng ph bin nht th gii (VISA, MasterCard, American Express, JCB v Diners Club). Thng qua hnh thc thanh ton ny, khch hng khi mua v s tr tin bng th tn dng ngay trn

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website ca Vietnam Airlines sau khi in y mi thng tin v ti khon c nhn ca mnh. Khi thc hin hnh thc thanh ton ny, Vietnam Airlines cam kt mi hot ng thanh ton s din ra an ton, m bo mi tin ch v quyn li ti a cho khch hng, mi thng tin c nhn ca khch hng s c m bo an ton v b mt khch hng c th yn tm vi vic mua v trc tuyn ny. Ngun: Vietnam Airlines Ngy 15 thng 12 nm 2008, Vietnam Airlines khai trng phin bn th nghim website thng mi in t vi chc nng bn v trc tuyn. Trc mt, do vic bn v my bay trc tuyn vn ang trong qu trnh th nghim nn khch hng cha th mua v v thanh ton trc tip trn website. Khch hng khi truy cp vo website ny c th la chn chuyn bay, t ch trn nhng ng bay ni a do Vietnam Airlines khai thc, sau ti cc im bn v ca Vietnam Airlines mua v v thanh ton. Hnh IV.26 Mu v my bay in t ca Vietnam Airlines

Thc t hai nm trin khai cho thy vic bn v my bay in t mang li li ch r rng cho cc hng hng khng. Tuy nhin, vn cn mt s vn cn quan tm gii quyt hon thin hn na m hnh bn v trc tuyn v nhn rng dch v ny Vit Nam.

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Bng IV.17 Thun li v kh khn khi thc hin chng trnh bn v my bay in t Vit Nam Thun li Tit kim chi ph: Kh khn Thi quen v tm l ca khch hng:

- Cc hng hng khng tit kim c trung - Khch hng c thi quen s dng v bnh l 10 USD/v khi thc hin bn v in giy trong nhiu nm nn vic chuyn i t. t v giy sang v in t s buc khch hng phi lm quen vi loi hnh dch v - Ngoi ra, cc hng cn tit kim c chi ph cho vic mua sm cc thit b v vt liu cn mi. thit in v giy.

- Tm l lo ngi ca khch hng do vic b - Vic bn v my bay in t qun l n gin, ra nhiu tin mua v my bay nhng khng cm trong tay bt k mt du hiu cn t nhn s. thc t no cho thy mnh mua v v s khng c trc trc g xy ra khi lm th tc ti sn bay. c bit l tm l lo ngi v thng tin c nhn khng c bo mt khi thc hin mua v my bay trc tuyn. Tnh an ton ca v: Vn thanh ton: - V c bn, khch hng khng lo b mt v - Gy ra phin phc cho khch hng khi hoc gp kh khn khi lm th tc do qun buc phi i thanh ton ti ni bn v v hoc v c li (rch, bn, thng tin khng hoc ti ngn hng c y nhim. r rng, v.v) - Khi thc hin bn v my bay trc tuyn, cc hng hng khng s gp kh khn trong vic xut ha n gi tr gia tng cho khch hng c yu cu. Dch v sau bn: H tng k thut: - D liu ca khch hng c lu li trn h - Cc hng hng khng lo ngi v h tng thng mng ca hng nn r rng, chnh mng ca Vit Nam cn thp, gy ra nhng xc v d tra cu nn rt thun tin khi thc kh khn cho cc hng trong giao dch. hin cc dch v sau bn nh t li ch, i chuyn, hon v, thay i hng v, v.v
Ngun: Vietnam Airlines v Jetstar Pacific Airlines

Mc d vn cn mt s kh khn nh trn, nhng li th m m hnh bn hng ny mang li cho doanh nghip l khng th ph nhn. Trong thi gian ti, cc hng hng khng Vit Nam, k c cc hng ni a v nc ngoi u c k hoch y mnh chng trnh bn v my bay in t v bn v trc tuyn.

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2. Lnh vc bn l in t trc tuyn

Trong lnh vc bn l hng ha trc tuyn ti Vit Nam, c hai hnh thc website bn l kh ph bin. Mt l website bn l hng ha tng hp nh mt siu th trc tuyn, trong c bn hng in t, hai l website ca cc cng ty chuyn kinh doanh hng in t. Cc website hot ng theo hnh thc siu th trc tuyn, do khng ch kinh doanh mt loi mt hng in t nn khng th p ng c y nhu cu la chn sn phm in t v cc dch v i km cho khch hng. Trong khi , website ca cc cng ty chuyn kinh doanh in t c tnh chuyn nghip ha cao hn nu xt trn phng din ny. Cc website ca cng ty chuyn kinh doanh hng in t thng l hnh thc kt hp ca thng mi truyn thng vi thng mi in t. Ni cch khc, doanh nghip xy dng v qun l cc website ny thng c ca hng bn hng in t trn th trng v xy dng website vi mc ch chnh l qung b hnh nh ca doanh nghip kt hp vi gii thiu sn phm. Bng IV.18 Mt s website bn in t trc tuyn STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Website www.thegioididong.com www.nhatcuong.com www.nama.com.vn www.maytinhxachtay.com www.sieuthilaptop.vn www.trananh.vn www.tuankiet.vn STT 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Website www.dienthoai.com.vn www.quangmobile.com.vn www.hpstore.vn www.thegioinotebook.com.vn www.vctel.com www.dangkhoa.vn www.vinhtrinh.vn

Cc website bn in t trn mng ch yu kinh doanh hai loi mt hng l in thoi di ng v thit b in t vn phng. Hin nay, phn ln cc website ny cha c y chc nng ca mt website thng mi in t B2C hon chnh, do cha u t thch ng cho h thng t hng v thanh ton trc tuyn. Tuy nhin, khng th ph nhn vai tr ca nhng website ny i vi kt qu kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Hp IV.11 Kt qu kinh doanh ca ng Khoa IT Plaza Tnh trong 9 thng u nm 2008, doanh thu ca ng Khoa IT Plaza vt 160% so vi nm 2007 v d kin, doanh thu c nm 2008 s gp i 2007 (khong 150 t ng). Trong s khch hng n mua hng ti ng Khoa IT Plaza, khong 35% l tm kim thng tin sn phm qua trang web www.dangkhoa.vn, sau n mua hng trc tip ti siu th ng Khoa IT Plaza hoc t hng qua in thoi, giao hng v thu tin ti nh.

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i vi nhng website cho php mua hng trc tuyn, so vi doanh thu bn hng trc tip ti cc ca hng, kt qu kinh doanh trc tuyn tuy cha cao nhng cng c nhng bc pht trin nht nh. Theo thng k ca cc cng ty c website gii thiu v bn sn phm in t trn mng, trong nm 2008, s lt truy cp ca khch hng vo nhng website ny c xu hng tng ln, ko theo s lng n t hng trn mng v doanh thu ca cc website cng tng n nh. Hnh IV.27 Biu tng trng doanh thu ca www.vctel.com qua cc nm 2005 - 2008

c im ca hng in t l c hm lng cng ngh cao v t tin, nn khch hng thng c tm l mun trc tip n cc ca hng mua hng hn l mua qua mng. Kt qu kinh doanh ni trn ca cc website bn hng in t cho thy tm l lo ngi v s thiu tin tng ca ngi tiu dng i vi hnh thc bn hng qua mng c gim bt, thay vo l s quan tm v sn sng hn khi tham gia mua hng trc tuyn. Hp IV.12 Kt qu kinh doanh v chin lc thng mi in t ca www.thegioididong.com Tnh n thng 10 nm 2008, thng k trung bnh mt thng: - Lt truy cp: 18,000 lt - S n t hng online 2,500 - 3,000 n hng, trong t l thnh cng chim 10-20%. Doanh thu t 1,2 - 1,5 t ng. Thegioididong.com ang ci thin li h thng thanh ton trc tuyn m bo kt ni vi a s cc dch v thanh ton trc tuyn. D kin n cui thng 12 nm 2008, thegioididong.com s hon tt vic kt ni vi cng thanh ton trc tuyn ca cc ngn hng thc hin vic thanh ton trc tuyn Vit Nam hin nay.

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S pht trin ca hot ng bn hng in t trc tuyn khng ch th hin qua doanh thu trn website ca cc doanh nghip kinh doanh mt hng in t m cn th hin mc chuyn nghip ha website ca doanh nghip i vi hot ng bn hng trc tuyn. Cc doanh nghip quan tm hn ti vic ci thin v nng cp website ca mnh theo hng mang li tin ch cho ngi tiu dng, nng cao kh nng tng tc gia khch hng v website. Hp IV.13 Nhng ci tin trong nm 2008 ca dangkhoa.vn Nhn thc r vai tr ca website, trong nm 2008, ng Khoa thay i li ton b giao din v cu trc website theo hng: - Thn thin hn, n gin hn i vi khch hng; - Cp nht lin tc gi c ca hng ha; - Cp nht lin tc v s lng hng ha; - Cho php khch hng tra cu bo hnh trc tuyn; - Gip khch hng online (hng dn khch hng x l s c). ng Khoa cng m bo mi thng tin v sn phm c a ln website dangkhoa.vn l chnh xc v khng c s khc bit gia thng tin thc ca sn phm vi thng tin trn website. Bn cnh , cc doanh nghip cng ch trng hn ti vic bo v quyn li ca khch hng thng qua minh bch ha cc chnh sch i hng, bo hnh, bo v thng tin c nhn, v.v

Nh vy, hot ng bn hng in t qua mng trong nm 2008 c nhng bc pht trin nht nh. Kt qu c c l do hai nguyn nhn chnh l ngi tiu dng tin tng hn vo vic bn hng in t trc tuyn v cc doanh nghip ch trng nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca website bng nhng chnh sch c th thu ht ngi tiu dng tham gia mua hng trc tuyn.

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KHUYN NGH

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KHUYN NGH
Kt qu iu tra kho st hin trng pht trin thng mi in t nm 2008 cho thy thng mi in t Vit Nam ang dn chuyn sang mt giai on pht trin mi v s to ra s thay i su sc trong hot ng kinh t - x hi ca nc ta trong thi gian ti. Tuy nhin, thc t pht trin thng mi in t trong nm 2008 cho thy vn cn nhiu kh khn tr ngi m tt c cc bn lin quan t cc c quan qun l nh nc, doanh nghip n ngi tiu dng cn quan tm khc phc. thc hin thnh cng cc mc tiu t ra ti K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010, bn cnh vic tip tc thc hin nhng khuyn ngh c xut ti Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2007, trong nm 2009 cn ch trng trin khai tt mt s cc bin php sau:

I. I VI CC C QuAN QuN L NH NC 1. y mnh trin khai cc vn bn php lut v thng mi in t

Cho n ht nm 2008, cc ngh nh hng dn Lut Giao dch in t v phn ln cc ngh nh hng dn Lut Cng ngh thng tin c ban hnh. Cc B, ngnh hu quan cng ban hnh nhiu Thng t, vn bn hng dn thc hin chi tit cc ngh nh ny nh Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT ngy 21 thng 7 nm 2008 ca B Cng Thng hng dn Ngh nh Thng mi in t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t, Thng t s 12/2008/TT-BTTTT ngy 30 thng 12 nm 2008 ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng hng dn thc hin mt s ni dung ca Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP ngy 13 thng 08 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph v chng th rc, v.v Tuy nhin, thng mi in t l lnh vc cn mi m li da trn nn tng cng ngh tin tin, cc vn bn quy phm php lut ni trn thc s i vo cuc sng, to ra mi trng qun l v h tr hiu qu cho hot ng cc doanh nghip, cc c quan qun l nh nc cn n lc hn na trong vic trin khai thc hin cc vn bn php lut ban hnh. Trong trin khai cn ch trng ti hot ng hng dn, ph bin ni dung ca cc vn bn php lut cc doanh nghip hiu v thc hin ng cc quy nh ban hnh, xem y l mt khu then cht gip trin khai v hon thin mi trng php l v thng mi in t.

2. H tr mnh m cc doanh nghip ng dng thng mi in t

Kt qu iu tra kho st ca B Cng Thng trong cc nm gn y cho thy n thi im cui nm 2008, hu ht doanh nghip, cc mc khc nhau, trin khai ng dng thng mi in t. Vic u t cho thng mi in t ang chuyn dn t u t cho phn cng nh my tnh, h tng mng, v.v sang u t cho phn mm ng dng. Hiu qu thu c t ng dng thng mi in t ca cc doanh nghip ngy cng tr nn r rng hn v c xu hng tng. Ti Ngh nh s 189/2007/N-CP ngy 27 thng 12 nm 2007 Chnh ph giao B Cng Thng thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc v thng mi in t v thnh lp Cc Thng mi in

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t v Cng ngh thng tin gip B trng B Cng Thng thc hin chc nng ny. Mt trong nhng nhim v quan trng ca Cc l trin khai h tr ng dng thng mi in t. Do hot ng sn xut - kinh doanh trong cc lnh vc khc nhau u c nhng c im ring, nng cao cht lng ca hot ng h tr doanh nghip, trong thi gian ti Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin cn phi hp cht ch hn vi cc Hip hi v c quan qun l nh nc v thng mi in t ti a phng (S Cng Thng) xy dng v trin khai cc hot ng h tr cho doanh nghip hot ng trong tng lnh vc kinh doanh c th.

3. y mnh tuyn truyn, ph bin v o to chnh quy thng mi in t

T nm 2006 n nay, hot ng tuyn truyn ph bin v thng mi in t c cc c quan qun l nh nc, cc c quan thng tin i chng v nhiu doanh nghip quan tm thc y nn c s pht trin kh mnh m. n nay, nhn thc ca doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng v li ch ca thng mi in t c chuyn bin r rt. Trong giai on 2009 - 2010, hot ng tuyn truyn ph bin cn tp trung vo mt s vn ang c nhn nh l cc tr ngi ln i vi vic tham gia thng mi in t ca doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng nh vn bo v thng tin c nhn, thc y hnh thnh thi quen mua sm trn mng, s dng th thanh ton, v.v Vit Nam cn tip tc y mnh hot ng tuyn truyn, ph bin v tm quan trng ca vn bo v thng tin c nhn n cc t chc, doanh nghip v nhn dn. c bit, cn sm trin khai hot ng cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn. Theo kho st ca B Cng Thng, trong cc nm gn y, cc t chc o to ch ng trong hot ng o to chnh quy v thng mi in t. Tuy nhin, s pht trin ca hot ng o to hin nay ang trong giai on pht trin t pht, cha c s quan tm tho ng ca cc c quan qun l nh nc lin quan. V vy, trong thi gian ti cn c s phi hp cht ch hn na gia cc c quan qun l nh nc lin quan l B Gio dc v o to v B Cng Thng trong vic d bo nhu cu ngun nhn lc cng nh nh gi li cht lng o to hin nay c nhng bin php thc y hot ng o to thng mi in t i vo chiu su, p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng i vi ngun nhn lc c trnh chuyn mn cao. Cc trng i hc, cao ng v cng ng doanh nghip cn ch ng xy dng mi quan h hu c lin quan n cung cu nhn lc v thng mi in t.

4. Tng cng hp tc quc t v thng mi in t

T nm 2006 n nay, Vit Nam ch ng tng bc tham gia vo cc hot ng hp tc v thng mi in t trong cc din n a phng nh APEC, UNCITRAL, UN/CEFACT, UNCTAD, v.v v song phng vi cc quc gia, vng lnh th nh Hoa K, Trung Quc, Hn Quc, i Loan, v.v... Trong giai on 2009 - 2010 Vit Nam cn tng cng hn na vic tham gia vo hot ng ca cc t chc hp tc quc t a phng, trong tp trung vo APEC, UNCITRAL, WTO h tr vic xy dng, hon thin h thng php lut v thng mi in t, thc hin tt, c hiu qu cc cam kt quc t v thng mi in t m Vit Nam tham gia. Trong nm 2009, ch ng tham gia su vo Chng trnh Bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ca APEC, gip cc doanh nghip Vit Nam tip cn dn vi thng mi in t quc t. Vic xy dng, ban hnh, ph bin cc tiu chun, quy chun v trao i d liu in t trong nc hi

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ho vi tiu chun quc t ng vai tr quan trng trong vic pht trin thng mi in t nc ta thi gian ti. Do Vit Nam cn tham gia tch cc vo hot ng ca T chc h tr thng mi v thng mi in t ca Lin Hp quc (UN/CEFACT). Hp tc song phng vi cc quc gia tin tin v thng mi in t v c quan h thng mi u t ln vi Vit Nam nh Hoa K, Nht Bn, Hn Quc, v.v cng cn c y mnh hn na nhm tm kim cc gii php h tr doanh nghip gim chi ph giao dch, hnh chnh, nng cao nng lc cnh tranh trong bi cnh kinh t th gii ang suy gim hin nay. Bn cnh , Vit Nam cng cn y mnh vic thc hin cc cam kt v thng mi in t trong cc hip nh khu vc mu dch t do, trc mt l trin khai vic cng nhn ln nhau v chng nhn xut x in t vi Hn Quc trong khun kh AKFTA. Ngoi ra, cn y mnh h tr cc doanh nghip, Hip hi trong vic tham gia hot ng ca t chc quc t v thng mi in t nh Lin minh cc T chc cp chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (ATA), Lin minh Thng mi in t Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (PAA), v.v tng bc nng cao uy tn ca doanh nghip Vit Nam trong hot ng thng mi in t.

II. I VI CC DOANH NGHIP 1. Nng cao thc tun th cc quy nh php lut v thng mi in t
Thng mi in t Vit Nam ang trn pht trin nhanh. H thng php lut lin quan ti thng mi in t v c bn c xc lp v ang lin tc c b sung. ng dng thng mi in t trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip ang c xu hng gia tng. c th nm bt kp thi v tun th ng php lut, cc doanh nghip cn thng xuyn tm hiu v thc hin tt cc quy nh php lut lin quan ti hot ng kinh doanh trc tuyn nh cc quy nh v chng t in t, bn hng qua mng, giao kt v thc hin hp ng, thng hiu v tn min, x pht hnh chnh, bo v d liu c nhn, gii quyt tranh chp, v.v... Bn cnh , cc doanh nghip cn ch ng pht hin, phn nh vi cc c quan qun l nh nc v cc vn mi ny sinh trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh lin quan ti thng mi in t v xut vic xy dng chnh sch v bin php qun l mi. Hin nay, theo Lut Ban hnh Vn bn quy phm php lut, trc khi ban hnh vn bn quy phm php lut, c quan ch tr son tho phi ng ti cng khai d tho xin kin. Do , cc doanh nghip cng cn pht huy quyn li ca mnh trong vic ng gp kin vo cc d tho vn bn quy phm php lut lin quan ti thng mi in t.

2. Tng cng ngun nhn lc v thng mi in t

Kt qu kho st ca B Cng Thng nm 2008 cho thy, hu ht cc doanh nghip trin khai ng dng thng mi in t nhng mc khc nhau v nhiu doanh nghip quan tm b tr cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t. Thng mi in t l hnh thc kinh doanh da trn nn tng cng ngh cao, i hi cn b ca doanh nghip phi c mt trnh nht nh c v kin thc CNTT ln kin thc thng

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mi. Do vy, nng cao hiu qu u t, ng dng thng mi in t, cc doanh nghip Vit Nam cn nhanh chng tng cng ngun nhn lc v lnh vc ny. Ngoi cc bin php mang tnh cht tm thi nh gi cn b tham gia cc kho o to ngn hn, mi ging vin v o to ti ch, v.v mt trong cc bin php b sung ngun nhn lc c chuyn mn ph hp l lin kt vi cc c s o to xc nh r nhu cu o to ngun nhn lc v thng mi in t ca doanh nghip v tin hnh o to cho cn b ca doanh nghip. 3. Ch trng vic tham gia cc sn thng mi in t Theo iu tra kho st tnh hnh ng dng thng mi in t ca doanh nghip nm 2008 v cc nm trc, vic tham gia cc sn thng mi in t em li nhiu li ch vi chi ph u t rt thp v ngun nhn lc v c s h tng. Tuy nhin, nm 2008 mi c 12% doanh nghip tham gia sn thng mi in t, tng khng ng k so vi 10% ca nm 2007. Trong giai on hin nay, hu ht cc doanh nghip ca Vit Nam l doanh nghip va v nh cha c iu kin u t ln cho vic ng dng thng mi in t. Do , tn dng u th ca thng mi in t trong vic qung b, giao dch, tm kim khch hng, v.v cc doanh nghip cn tch cc tham gia vo cc sn thng mi in t loi hnh giao dch B2B v B2C ca Vit Nam cng nh ca cc nc khc trn th gii.

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PH LC

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PH LC 1

K HOCH TNG TH PHT TRIN THNG MI IN T GIAI ON 2006 - 2010

QuYT NH CA TH TNG CHNH PH S 222/2005/Q-TTG NGY 15 THNG 9 NM 2005 V VIC PH DuYT K HOCH TNG TH PHT TRIN THNG MI IN T GIAI ON 2006 - 2010 TH TNG CHNH PH Cn c Lut T chc Chnh ph ngy 25 thng 12 nm 2001; Cn c Ch th s 58/CT-TW ngy 17 thng 10 nm 2000 ca B Chnh tr v y mnh ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin trong s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha giai on 2001 - 2005; Cn c Quyt nh s 272/2003/Q-TTg ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2003 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt chin lc pht trin khoa hc v cng ngh Vit Nam n nm 2010; Xt ngh ca B trng B Thng mi, QuYT NH: iu 1. Ph duyt K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010 vi nhng ni dung ch yu sau:

1. Quan im pht trin

1. Pht trin thng mi in t gp phn thc y thng mi v nng cao sc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip trong bi cnh Vit Nam hi nhp ngy cng su rng vo nn kinh t th gii; 2. Nh nc ng vai tr to lp mi trng php l v c ch chnh sch thun li nhm thu ht cng ngh tin tin v khuyn khch doanh nghip ng dng thng mi in t; cung cp cc dch v cng h tr hot ng thng mi in t; 3. Pht trin thng mi in t cn c gn kt cht ch vi vic ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng.

2. Mc tiu
n nm 2010, s pht trin ca thng mi in t cn t cc mc tiu ch yu sau: 1. Khong 60% doanh nghip c quy m ln tin hnh giao dch thng mi in t loi hnh doanh nghip vi doanh nghip;

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2. Khong 80% doanh nghip c quy m va v nh bit ti tin ch ca thng mi in t v tin hnh giao dch thng mi in t loi hnh doanh nghip vi ngi tiu dng hoc doanh nghip vi doanh nghip; 3. Khong 10% h gia nh tin hnh giao dch thng mi in t loi hnh doanh nghip vi ngi tiu dng hoc ngi tiu dng vi ngi tiu dng; 4. Cc cho thu mua sm Chnh ph c cng b trn Trang tin in t ca cc c quan Chnh ph v ng dng giao dch thng mi in t trong mua sm Chnh ph.

3. Cc chnh sch v gii php ch yu

1. o to v tuyn truyn, ph cp v thng mi in t - Pht trin ngun nhn lc mt cch ng b v cn i trn c s huy ng s ng gp ngun lc ca ton x hi. Trc ht, tp trung o to ngun nhn lc v h tr y mnh ng dng thng mi in t gia cc doanh nghip ln. Nh nc c chnh sch h tr trong giai on u i vi cc chng trnh mc tiu c th; - Trong giai on 2006 ti 2010, tin hnh o to chnh quy ti cc trng i hc, cao ng v trung hc chuyn nghip thuc cc ngnh kinh t v lut; ng thi o to theo chng trnh i cng ti cc trng dy ngh thuc cc chuyn ngnh thng mi, qun tr kinh doanh; o to cho cn b qun l nh nc lm cng tc hoch nh chnh sch v thc thi php lut v thng mi in t Trung ng v cc tnh, thnh ph; khuyn khch cc doanh nghip tham gia cung cp dch v o to v thng mi in t; - Ph cp, tuyn truyn rng ri v thng mi in t trong nhn dn, trc ht cho cng ng doanh nghip, cc cp qun l, cc hip hi ngnh hng. 2. Hon thin h thng php lut - n cui nm 2006, ban hnh y cc vn bn di lut thc thi Lut Giao dch in t, Lut Thng mi v B lut Dn s, to c s php l cho thng ip d liu. n cui nm 2007, ban hnh y cc vn bn quy phm php lut iu chnh cc kha cnh lin quan ti thng mi in t v gii quyt tranh chp, bo v ngi tiu dng, bo v quyn s hu tr tu, phng chng ti phm, cc vn v thu ni a v thu hi quan. - R sot, b sung, sa i cc vn bn quy phm php lut lin quan nhm bo m ton b h thng php lut c nh hng chung l h tr, to iu kin cho thng mi in t pht trin. 3. Yu cu i vi cc c quan Chnh ph v cung cp cc dch v h tr thng mi in t v thc hin giao dch in t trong mua sm Chnh ph: - n nm 2010 cc c quan Chnh ph phi a ht cc dch v cng ln mng, trong u tin cc dch v: thu in t, hi quan in t, cc th tc xut nhp khu in t, th tc lin quan ti u t v ng k kinh doanh in t, cc loi giy php thng mi chuyn ngnh, th tc gii quyt tranh chp;

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- Sa i cc quy nh v u thu trong mua sm Chnh ph theo hng cc ch u t phi cng b mi thu ln Trang tin in t ca c quan qun l nh nc v u thu v cc Trang tin in t ca cc c quan khc. Cc B, ngnh Trung ng, cc c quan chnh quyn a phng cc thnh ph ln phi tng bc tin hnh giao kt hp ng mua sm Chnh ph trn mng. 4. Pht trin cc cng ngh h tr thng mi in t trn c s khuyn khch chuyn giao cng ngh t nc ngoi: - Ban hnh v ph cp cc chnh sch, bin php khuyn khch u t pht trin cng ngh phc v hot ng thng mi in t; cc tiu chun chung s dng trong thng mi in t, c bit l chun trao i d liu in t (EDI v ebXML); - Khuyn khch, h tr cc ngn hng v cc t chc tn dng trin khai ng dng cng ngh mi vo hot ng ngn hng v cc loi hnh dch v ngn hng, c bit l dch v thanh ton in t; xy dng mng kinh doanh in t cho mt s ngnh cng nghip c quy m kinh t ln. 5. T chc thc thi cc quy nh php lut lin quan ti thng mi in t: - Xy dng c ch, b my hu hiu thc thi vic bo v quyn s hu tr tu, bo v ngi tiu dng, b mt ring t v gii quyt cc tranh chp pht sinh trong thng mi in t theo quy nh ca php lut hin hnh; - Khn trng trin khai hot ng thng k v thng mi in t. 6. Hp tc quc t v thng mi in t: - u tin hp tc a phng vi cc t chc kinh t - thng mi quc t v khu vc nh WTO, APEC, ASEAN, ASEM v cc t chc chuyn trch v thng mi ca Lin hp quc nh UNCTAD, UNCITRAL, UNCEFACT. - u tin hp tc song phng vi cc nc tin tin v thng mi in t v cc nc c kim ngch thng mi ln vi Vit Nam.

4. Cc chng trnh, d n
Cc chng trnh vi cc d n c th nhm thc hin cc chnh sch, gii php ch yu c tin hnh trong giai on 2006 - 2010: 1. Chng trnh ph bin, tuyn truyn v o to v thng mi in t; 2. Chng trnh xy dng v hon thin h thng php lut cho thng mi in t; 3. Chng trnh cung cp cc dch v cng h tr thng mi in t v ng dng thng mi in t trong mua sm Chnh ph; 4. Chng trnh pht trin cng ngh h tr thng mi in t; 5. Chng trnh thc thi php lut lin quan n thng mi in t; 6. Chng trnh hp tc quc t v thng mi in t.

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Ni dung v phn cng thc hin cc n ca cc chng trnh quy nh ti Ph lc km theo Quyt nh ny. iu 2. T chc thc hin - Cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph, y ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng c giao ch tr cc d n thuc cc chng trnh nu Mc IV iu 1 c trch nhim xy dng k hoch trin khai cho c giai on 5 nm 2006 - 2010 v k hoch c th ngay t nm 2006. - Giao B K hoch v u t ch tr, phi hp vi B Ti chnh, B Thng mi cn i, tng hp v b tr ngun ngn sch trong k hoch Nh nc 5 nm v hng nm cho cc chng trnh, d n ca cc B, c quan ngang B, y ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng. - Giao B Thng mi ch tr, phi hp vi cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph, y ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng t chc trin khai thc hin Quyt nh ny; hng nm, tng hp tnh hnh thc hin, xut cc gii php cn thit thc y cng vic, trnh Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh; tng kt, bo co Th tng Chnh ph kt qu vo nm kt thc K hoch tng th. iu 3. Quyt nh ny c hiu lc thi hnh sau 15 ngy, k t ngy ng Cng bo. iu 4. Cc B trng, Th trng c quan ngang B, Th trng c quan thuc Chnh ph, Ch tch y ban nhn dn cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny.

TH TNG
( k)

Phan Vn Khi

168

PH LC CC CHNG TRNH VI CC D N C TH THC HIN K HOCH TNG TH PHT TRIN THNG MI IN T GIAI ON 2006 - 2010 (Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 222/2005/Q-TTg ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2005 ca Th tng Chnh ph) 1. Chng trnh ph bin, tuyn truyn v o to v thng mi in t TT 1 Tn d n D n ph bin, tuyn truyn v thng mi in t cho cng ng doanh nghip D n ph bin, tuyn truyn v thng mi in t cho cn b lnh o kinh t Trung ng v a phng D n ph bin, tuyn truyn v thng mi in t cho ngi tiu dng, c bit l thanh nin thnh th D n o to ngun nhn lc v thng mi in t ti cc trng i hc, cao ng, trung hc chuyn nghip v dy ngh Mc tiu Gip cc doanh nghip bit ti li ch ca thng mi in t v cc iu kin cn thit tham gia Cung cp tri thc c bn v qun l nh nc i vi thng mi in t v vai tr, nhim v ca cc c quan nh nc Xy dng tp qun mua sm tin tin nh ng dng thng mi in t n v trin khai Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam ch tr, phi hp vi cc hip hi, cc t chc xc tin thng mi B Thng mi ch tr, phi hp vi B Ni v v y ban nhn dn cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng Thi gian thc hin

2006 - 2010

2006 - 2008

i Truyn hnh Vit Nam ch tr, phi hp vi i Ting ni Vit Nam v cc phng tin thng tin i chng B Gio dc v o to ch tr, phi hp vi B Lao ng, Thng binh v X hi

2006 - 2008

o to chnh quy cc chuyn gia v thng mi in t v cn b c kin thc c bn trong vic trin khai cc hot ng lin quan ti thng mi in t thuc mi lnh vc kinh t

2006 - 2010

169

2. Chng trnh xy dng v hon thin h thng php lut cho thng mi in t
TT 1 Tn d n D n ban hnh cc vn bn quy phm php lut thc hin Lut Giao dch in t, Lut Thng mi v B lut Dn s Mc tiu m bo hot ng thng mi in t c php lut bo v tng t nh hot ng thng mi thng thng n v trin khai B Thng mi ch tr d n xy dng Ngh nh v cc hot ng thng mi in t, phi hp vi cc b ngnh khc xy dng cc ngh nh hng dn trin khai cc lut trn Thi gian thc hin

2006

D n ban hnh H tr cho thng - B Thng mi ch mi v b sung, sa mi in t pht trin tr xut cc vn i cc vn bn quy thun li cn ban hnh vn bn phm php lut iu quy phm php lut mi hoc sa i cc chnh cc vn vn bn quy phm c th lin quan ti thng mi in t php lut ban hnh nhng c nhng quy nh khng ph hp vi Lut Giao dch in t, Lut Thng mi v B lut Dn s. - B T php ch tr chng trnh xy dng v hon thin cc vn bn quy phm php lut ny. - Cc b ngnh lin quan ch tr xy dng cc vn bn quy phm php lut thuc chc nng qun l Nh nc ca mnh.

2006 - 2008

D n hon thin h thng php lut nhm to mi trng php l v thng mi in t

m bo s thng nht ca h thng vn bn quy phm php lut lin quan ti thng mi in t.

B T php ch tr, phi hp vi B Thng mi v cc b ngnh lin quan

2006 - 2010

170

3. Chng trnh cung cp trc tuyn dch v cng v ng dng thng mi in t trong mua sm Chnh ph
TT 1 Tn d n Cc d n cung cp trc tuyn dch v cng D n cung cp Cung cp mt cch B Thng mi ch tr trc tuyn cc th thun li cc loi gi tc thng mi php lin quan ti kinh doanh dch v thng mi, xut khu, nhp khu, chng nhn xut x hng ha trn mng D n th tc hi To iu kin thun li B Ti chnh ch tr quan in t cho cc doanh nghip xut khu, nhp khu Mc tiu n v Thi gian thc hin

a)

2006 - 2010

b)

Th im ti nm 2007 v hon thnh trc 2010

c)

D n khai, np thu n t, c bit l thu gi tr gia tng

H tr cc doanh nghip B Ti chnh ch tr tit kim thi gian v chi ph giao dch, chng gian ln v thu

2006 - 2010

d)

D n th tc u To iu kin thun li B K hoch v u t t in t cho cc doanh nghip ch tr ngay t khu ng k thnh lp doanh nghip D n ng dng thng mi in t trong mua sm Chnh ph m bo tnh r rng B K hoch v u t v tit kim trong mua ch tr sm hng ha v dch v ca cc c quan Nh nc t Trung ng ti a phng

2006 - 2010

2006 - 2010

171

4. Chng trnh pht trin cng ngh h tr thng mi in t

TT 1 Tn d n D n xy dng v s dng cc chun trao i d liu in t trong thng mi nh EDI, ebXML Mc tiu Ban hnh v a vo s dng cc chun trao i d liu in t ph bin trn th gii n v B Thng mi ch tr, phi hp vi B Khoa hc v Cng ngh, B Cng nghip Thi gian thc hin

2006 - 2010

D n hin i ha Cung cp cc dch v Ngn hng Nh nc ngn hng v h ngn hng hin i, ch tr thng thanh ton bao gm thanh ton in t D n xy dng mng kinh doanh in t trong mt s ngnh cng nghip c quy m kinh t ln Nng cao nng lc cnh tranh, m rng th trng, gim chi ph giao dch B Thng mi ch tr phi hp vi B Cng nghip, mt s tng cng ty v tp on kinh t ln

2006 - 2010

2006 - 2008

5. Chng trnh thc thi php lut lin quan ti thng mi in t

TT 1 Tn d n D n chng cc gian ln thng mi v cnh tranh khng lnh mnh trong hot ng thng mi in t D n gii quyt tranh chp trong hot ng thng mi in t Mc tiu Bo v quyn s hu tr tu lin quan ti thng mi trn mi trng mng v bo v ngi tiu dng n v Thi gian thc hin

B Thng mi ch tr, phi hp vi B Khoa hc v Cng ngh, B 2006 - 2010 Cng an

Nng cao kh nng gii quyt cc tranh chp cho cc c quan lin quan

B T php ch tr, phi hp vi Ta n Nhn dn Ti cao, Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao, B 2006 - 2008 Thng mi v cc c quan lin quan Tng cc Thng k ch tr, phi hp vi B Thng mi, B Bu chnh - Vin thng v cc 2006 - 2008 c quan lin quan khc

D n thng k Thng k thng mi thng mi in in t theo cc tiu t ch ca Lin hip quc v cc t chc quc t, h tr cho xy dng chin lc, chnh sch pht trin thng mi

172

6. Chng trnh hp tc quc t v thng mi in t

TT 1 Tn d n D n tham gia cc hot ng lin quan ti thng mi in t ca cc t chc kinh t - thng mi quc t, c bit l T chc Thng mi th gii (WTO), Din n hp tc Kinh t Chu - Thi Bnh Dng (APEC) v cc t chc chuyn trch v thng mi ca Lin hip quc D n hp tc song phng vi cc nc v nn kinh t tin tin v thng mi in t v c trao i thng mi ln vi Vit Nam Mc tiu Khai thc c ti a s h tr v pht trin ngun nhn lc, cng ngh cho thng mi in t cng nh thc y thng mi quc t n v B Thng mi ch tr phi hp vi B Bu chnh - Vin thng v cc b ngnh lin quan Thi gian thc hin 2006 - 2010

H tr cc doanh B Thng mi ch nghip, cc t chc tr cng vi cc b nghin cu tip cn ngnh lin quan c hiu qu nht ti cng ngh v gii php tin tin v thng mi in t, ng thi thng qua thng mi in t thc y xut khu hng ha v dch v ca Vit Nam

2006 - 2010

173

PH LC 2

THNG T V CUNG CP THNG TIN V GIAO KT HP NG TRN WEBSITE THNG MI IN T

____________
Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT ngy 21 thng 7 nm 2008 ca B Cng Thng Hng dn Ngh nh Thng mi in t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t Cn c Ngh nh s 189/2007/N-CP ngy 27 thng 12 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Cng Thng; Cn c Ngh nh s 57/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 6 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v thng mi in t; B Cng Thng hng dn vic cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t nh sau: I. NHNG QuY NH CHuNG iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh v i tng p dng a) Thng t ny iu chnh vic cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn cc website thng mi in t. b) Thng t ny c p dng i vi: - Thng nhn s dng website thng mi in t bn hng ha hoc cung ng dch v (sau y gi l thng nhn); - T chc, c nhn tham gia giao dch vi thng nhn trn website thng mi in t (sau y gi l khch hng); - T chc, c nhn s hu website thng mi in t (sau y gi l ngi s hu website). iu 2. Gii thch t ng Trong Thng t ny, cc t ng di y c hiu nh sau: a) Website thng mi in t l trang thng tin in t phc v hot ng thng mi v cc hot ng lin quan n thng mi. b) Chc nng t hng trc tuyn l mt chc nng c ci t trn website thng mi in t cho php khch hng khi to hoc phn hi cc thng ip d liu tin hnh giao kt hp ng vi thng nhn theo nhng iu khon c thng bo trn website. c) ng dn (hyperlink) l mt yu t ca trang thng tin in t khi c chn s a ngi s dng ti mt khu vc khc trn cng trang thng tin hoc mt trang thng tin in t khc.

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d) Th m t (meta-tag) l t kho c nhng vo mt trang thng tin in t, t kho ny khng hin th trn mn hnh nhng li c th c c bi cc cng c tm kim khi tm nhng trang thng tin lin quan ti t kha . iu 3. Nhng hnh vi vi phm php lut v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t a) Thng nhn v ngi s hu website thng mi in t phi tun th quy nh ti iu 16 Ngh nh s 57/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 6 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v thng mi in t v cc hnh vi vi phm php lut v thng mi in t. b) Trong cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t, thng nhn v ngi s hu website khng c cung cp thng tin sai lch hoc thc hin cc bin php k thut khc nhm thc hin hnh vi vi phm php lut, bao gm: - Ngy trang cc ng dn v biu trng qung co di nhng hnh thc khin khch hng khng nhn bit c l c ni dung qung co ng sau ng dn hoc biu trng ; - S dng biu trng ca cc chng trnh nh gi, xp hng website thng mi in t uy tn trn website khi cha c nhng chng trnh ny chnh thc cng nhn; - S dng cc ng dn, biu trng, hoc nhng cng ngh trc tuyn gy nhm ln v mi lin h gia thng nhn vi cc t chc, c nhn khc; - S dng ng dn cung cp nhng thng tin tri ngc hoc sai lch so vi thng tin c cng b ti khu vc website c gn ng dn ny; - S dng cc th m t l nhng t kha tm kim thng dng nhng khng lin quan n ni dung website, hoc cha tn cc doanh nghip hoc sn phm c uy tn gy nhm ln cho ngi tiu dng v lm nh hng ti quyn v li ch hp php ca cc t chc, c nhn khc; - Can thip vo h iu hnh v trnh duyt Internet ti cc my tnh truy cp vo website nhm buc khch hng lu li website tri vi mun ca mnh. II. GIAO KT HP NG S DNG CHC NNG T HNG TRC TuYN TRN WEBSITE THNG MI IN T iu 4. Thng bo v ngh giao kt hp ng ca thng nhn Nu mt website thng mi in t c chc nng t hng trc tuyn cho tng hng ha hoc dch v c th c gii thiu trn website , th cc thng tin gii thiu v hng ha, dch v v cc iu khon lin quan c xem l thng bo v ngh giao kt hp ng ca thng nhn s hu hng ha hoc dch v . iu 5. ngh giao kt hp ng ca khch hng Chng t in t do khch hng khi to v gi i bng cch s dng chc nng t hng trc tuyn c xem l ngh giao kt hp ng ca khch hng i vi hng ha hoc dch v gn km chc nng t hng trc tuyn .

175

iu 6. Tr li ngh giao kt hp ng ca khch hng a) Khi tr li chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng, thng nhn phi cung cp cho khch hng nhng thng tin sau: - Danh sch ton b hng ha hoc dch v khch hng t mua, s lng, gi ca tng sn phm v tng gi tr hp ng; - Thi hn giao hng hoc cung ng dch v; - Thng tin lin h khch hng c th hi v tnh trng thc hin hp ng khi cn thit. b) Tr li khng chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng phi nu r l do. c) Tr li ngh giao kt hp ng phi c thc hin di hnh thc ph hp thng tin c th lu tr, in n c ti h thng thng tin ca khch hng v hin th c v sau. iu 7. Chm dt ngh giao kt hp ng a) Trng hp website c cng b thi hn tr li ngh giao kt hp ng, nu ht thi hn ny m khch hng vn cha nhn c tr li ca thng nhn th ngh giao kt hp ng ca khch hng chm dt hiu lc. Vic tr li chp nhn sau thi hn ny hnh thnh mt ngh giao kt hp ng khc t pha thng nhn. b) Trong trng hp website khng cng b r thi hn tr li ngh giao kt hp ng, nu trong vng 08 (tm) gi lm vic k t khi gi ngh giao kt hp ng, khch hng vn cha nhn c tr li ngh giao kt hp ng th ngh giao kt hp ng ca khch hng c xem l chm dt hiu lc. iu 8. Thi im giao kt hp ng khi s dng chc nng t hng trc tuyn trn website thng mi in t Thi im giao kt hp ng l thi im khch hng nhn c tr li ca thng nhn chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng theo quy nh ti im a khon 6 Thng t ny. iu 9. Gi tr php l ca hp ng giao kt bng chc nng t hng trc tuyn Hp ng c giao kt t s tng tc gia khch hng v chc nng t hng trc tuyn trn website thng mi in t khng b ph nhn gi tr php l ch v khng c s kim tra hay can thip trc tip ca thng nhn vo tng bc ca qu trnh giao kt hp ng. iu 10. Cung cp cc iu khon ca hp ng khi s dng chc nng t hng trc tuyn trn website thng mi in t Website thng mi in t c chc nng t hng trc tuyn phi cung cp cho khch hng thng tin v cc iu khon ca hp ng nh quy nh ti mc III Thng t ny trc thi im khch hng gi ngh giao kt hp ng.

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III. CuNG CP THNG TIN V CC Iu KHON CA HP NG TRN WEBSITE THNG MI IN T iu 11. Nguyn tc cung cp thng tin trn website thng mi in t Website thng mi in t phi cung cp y thng tin v thng nhn, hng ha, dch v v cc iu khon ca hp ng mua bn p dng cho hng ha, dch v c gii thiu trn website theo quy nh t khon 12 n 16 Thng t ny. Nhng thng tin ny phi p ng cc iu kin sau: a) R rng, chnh xc, d tm v d hiu. b) c sp xp ti cc mc tng ng trn website v c th truy cp bng phng php trc tuyn. c) C kh nng lu tr, in n v hin th c v sau. d) c hin th r i vi khch hng trc thi im khch hng gi ngh giao kt hp ng. iu 12. Thng tin v hng ha, dch v Vi bt k hng ha hoc dch v no c gii thiu trn website thng mi in t, thng nhn phi cung cp nhng thng tin gip khch hng c th xc nh chnh xc cc c tnh ca hng ha, dch v nhm trnh s hiu nhm khi ra quyt nh giao kt hp ng. iu 13. Thng tin v gi c a) Thng tin v gi hng ha hoc dch v, nu c, phi th hin r gi hay cha bao gm nhng chi ph lin quan n vic mua hng ha hoc dch v nh thu, ph ng gi, ph vn chuyn v cc chi ph pht sinh khc. b) i vi nhng hp ng cung ng dch v di hn, website phi cung cp thng tin v phng thc tnh ph v c ch thanh ton nh k. iu 14. Thng tin v cc iu khon giao dch Thng nhn phi cng b nhng iu khon giao dch chung i vi hng ha hoc dch v gii thiu trn website, bao gm: a) Bt k iu kin hoc hn ch no, nu c, trong vic cung cp hng ha hoc dch v, nh gii hn v thi gian hay phm vi a l. b) Chnh sch hon tr, bao gm thi hn hon tr, phng thc tr hoc i hng mua, cch thc ly li tin, v chi ph cho cc giao dch pht sinh ny. c) Chnh sch bo hnh sn phm, nu c. d) Cc tiu chun dch v, quy trnh cung cp dch v, biu ph, v cc iu khon khc lin quan n vic cung cp dch v, bao gm c nhng iu kin v hn ch nu c. ) Ngha v ca thng nhn v ngha v ca khch hng trong mi giao dch.

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iu 15. Thng tin v vn chuyn v giao nhn Thng nhn phi cng b nhng thng tin sau v iu kin vn chuyn v giao nhn p dng cho hng ha hoc dch v gii thiu trn website: a) Cc phng thc giao hng hoc cung ng dch v. b) Thi hn c tnh cho vic giao hng hoc cung ng dch v, c tnh n cc yu t khong cch a l v phng thc giao hng. c) Cc gii hn v mt a l cho vic giao hng hoc cung ng dch v, nu c. d) Trng hp pht sinh chm tr trong vic giao hng hoc cung ng dch v, phi c thng tin kp thi cho khch hng v to c hi khch hng c th hy hp ng nu mun. iu 16. Thng tin v cc phng thc thanh ton a) Thng nhn phi cng b ton b cc phng thc thanh ton p dng cho hng ha hoc dch v cho bn trn website, km theo gii thch r rng, chnh xc khch hng c th hiu v la chn phng thc thanh ton ph hp. b) Nu thng nhn p dng phng thc thanh ton trc tuyn, website phi c c ch khi to v lu tr chng t in t cha nhng thng tin chi tit v tng giao dch thanh ton c thc hin bng phng thc ny, ng thi to iu kin cho khch hng xem, in n v lu tr chng t ngay thi im chng t c khi to. IV. BO V QuYN LI KHCH HNG TRONG GIAO KT HP NG TRN WEBSITE THNG MI IN T iu 17. Thng tin v thng nhn v ngi s hu website a) Thng nhn v ngi s hu website phi cng b nhng thng tin ti thiu sau trn website: - Tn, a ch tr s; - S, ngy cp v ni cp giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh; - S in thoi, a ch th in t hoc mt phng thc lin h trc tuyn khc. b) Thng tin v ngi s hu website phi c hin th ti trang ch ca website. iu 18. C ch r sot v xc nhn ni dung hp ng Website phi c c ch cho php khch hng r sot, b sung, sa i v xc nhn ni dung giao dch trc khi s dng chc nng t hng trc tuyn gi ngh giao kt hp ng. C ch r sot v xc nhn ny phi tha mn cc iu kin sau: a) Hin th cho khch hng nhng thng tin c bn lin quan n giao dch, bao gm: - Tn hng ha hoc dch v, s lng v chng loi, phng thc v thi hn giao hng hoc cung ng dch v; - Tng gi tr ca hp ng v cc chi tit lin quan n phng thc thanh ton c khch hng la chn;

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Nhng thng tin ny phi p ng kh nng lu tr, in n c trn h thng thng tin ca khch hng v hin th c v sau. b) Cho php khch hng sau khi r sot nhng thng tin ti im a c la chn hy giao dch hoc xc nhn vic ngh giao kt hp ng. iu 19. Th tc chm dt hp ng i vi hp ng cung ng dch v trc tuyn di hn a) Website thng mi in t cung cp dch v trc tuyn di hn phi to iu kin khch hng c th chm dt hp ng mt cch nhanh chng v thun tin khi ht nhu cu s dng dch v. b) Website thng mi in t phi: - Cng b thng tin minh bch, y v th tc chm dt hp ng; - Cung cp mt cng c thun tin khch hng gi thng bo yu cu chm dt hp ng; - C c ch phn hi kp thi vi cc yu cu chm dt hp ng t pha khch hng. iu 20. Gii quyt tranh chp lin quan n cc hp ng giao kt trn website thng mi in t a) Thng nhn phi cng b trn website c ch, quy trnh c th gii quyt khiu ni ca khch hng lin quan n hp ng c giao kt trn website. b) Vic gii quyt tranh chp gia thng nhn v khch hng trong qu trnh thc hin hp ng phi da trn cc iu khon ca hp ng c cng b ti website vo thi im giao kt hp ng v quy nh ca php lut c lin quan. c) Thng nhn khng c li dng cc u th ca mnh trn mi trng in t n phng gii quyt nhng vn tranh chp khi cha c s ng ca khch hng. iu 21. Bo v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng trn website thng mi in t Vic thu thp v s dng thng tin c nhn trn website thng mi in t phi tun th nhng quy nh sau: a) Thng bo r rng trang ch, hoc cung cp ngay trang ch mt c ch khch hng tip cn v tm hiu chi tit chnh sch bo v thng tin c nhn ti website ny. b) Vic thu thp v s dng thng tin c nhn ca mi khch hng phi c s ng ca khch hng tr nhng trng hp php lut c quy nh khc. c) Vic xin kin ng ca khch hng phi c tin hnh thng qua mt bc ring khch hng la chn chp nhn hoc t chi. Khng c thit lp c ch chn ng mc nh cho khch hng.

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iu 22. Thng tin y v trung thc v vic c chng nhn website thng mi in t uy tn Nu mt website thng mi in t cng b vic c chng nhn l website thng mi in t uy tn, hoc tham gia bt k mt chng trnh nh gi, xp hng hay hot ng tng t no c tc dng nng cao uy tn ca website, th website ny phi cung cp cho khch hng thng tin chnh xc v mc ch, phm vi, i tng v tiu chun nh gi ca nhng chng trnh ni trn. V. X L VI PHM V T CHC THC HIN iu 23. X l vi phm a) Thng nhn, ngi s hu website c trch nhim thc hin cc quy nh v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t theo quy nh ti thng t ny. b) Mi t chc, c nhn thc hin cc hnh vi vi phm php lut v thng mi in t, tu theo tnh cht, mc vi phm s b x pht theo quy nh ca php lut. iu 24. iu khon thi hnh Thng t ny c hiu lc thi hnh sau 15 ngy k t ngy ng Cng bo. Trong qu trnh thc hin Thng t ny, nu c pht sinh vng mc, thng nhn hoc cc t chc, c nhn c lin quan kp thi phn nh v B Cng Thng xem xt, x l./. KT. B TRNG TH TRNG ( k)

L Danh Vnh

180

PH LC 3

KT QU R SOT MT S WEBSITE THNG MI IN T V MC TUN TH CC QUY NH CA THNG T 09/2008/TT-BCT

Ngy 21 thng 7 nm 2008, B Cng Thng ban hnh Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT hng dn Ngh nh Thng mi in t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t. y l vn bn c tc ng x hi rt ln v trc tip iu chnh hot ng kinh doanh ca cc website thng mi in t ti Vit Nam, lin quan ti li ch ca nhiu doanh nghip cng nh ngi tiu dng tham gia giao dch thng mi in t. Da trn nhng yu t c th ca mi trng mng, Thng t ny quy nh v mt quy trnh giao kt hp ng tiu biu trn website thng mi in t, qua gip phn nh phm vi trch nhim ca mi bn trong cc giao dch ny, ng thi gim bt s bt bnh ng gia khch hng vi thng nhn trong qu trnh giao kt hp ng. Bn cnh nhng iu khon v quy trnh giao kt hp ng, Thng t cn quy nh c th vic cung cp thng tin trn cc website thng mi in t nhm bo v quyn li ca khch hng trong qu trnh giao dch. Theo , thng nhn phi cng b nhng thng tin ti thiu sau trn website: tn, a ch giao dch, a ch th in t, s in thoi, s ng k kinh doanh. Ngoi ra, thng nhn phi cung cp y v r rng nhng thng tin lin quan n cc iu khon giao dch trn website: m t hng ho/dch v, thng tin v gi c, thng tin v vn chuyn v giao nhn, thng tin v cc phng thc thanh ton, cng nh cc iu khon giao dch khc. Trc v sau khi Thng t 09/2008/TT-BCT c ban hnh, Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin kt hp vi Hip hi Thng mi in t Vit Nam (Vecom) tin hnh kho st mu 50 website thng mi in t v mc tun th cc quy nh ca Thng t. Kt qu kho st qua hai t cho thy, rt nhiu website c nhng sa i tch cc sau khi c nhc nh v cc im cha p ng c quy nh ca Thng t nh: giao din website; thng tin v thng nhn, v hng ha, dch v; cc bc tin hnh giao kt hp ng; v.v iu cho thy Thng t 09/2008/TT-BCT c nhng tc ng tch cc trong vic tng tnh chuyn nghip ca cc website Thng mi in t Vit Nam.

181

S chuyn bin ca cc website Thng mi in t trong vic p ng nhng quy nh ti Thng t 09/2008/TT-BCT Kt qu kho st (thang im 10) STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Tn website www.jetstar.com http://www.golmart.vn http://luxurytravel.com.vn http://sinhcafe.com.vn http://goodsmart.com.vn http://25h.vn/ http://www.linhperfume.com http://vinabook.com/ http://www.hoahongdotham.com http://www.saigontourist.net http://tanphat.com.vn http://lamosi.com.vn http://thanhgiong.com.vn/ http://www.golgift.com http://www.megabuy.vn http://www.thegioihoatuoi.com.vn http://hanoihostels.com http://www.tiepthi24h.com http://www.pnj.com.vn http://vctel.com/ http://hoatuoiquatang.com http://hotels84.com http://goodsonlines.com http://quangmobile.com.vn http://www.golgift.com/ http://dienthoai.com.vn/ http://halabook.com/ http://tftravel.com.vn http://www.homemartvietnam.com.vn t 1 (thng 8/2008) 8.8 8.2 6.7 7.0 7.7 7.3 8.6 6.2 6.3 7.1 5.2 6.8 4.1 6.4 5.9 7.3 6.7 6.1 6.0 4.0 6.4 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.0 4.8 5.7 4.5 t 2 (thng 12/2008) 8.8 8.6 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.1 7.9 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.3 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.5

182

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

http://phuongnamflower.com/ http://kiengiangmuaban.com http://www.ttb.vn/ http://hitechshop.com.vn http://www.phucanh.vn http://sieuthithietbi.vn/ http://hanoi-fashion.com http://minhkhai.com.vn/ http://www.nama.com.vn http://sieuthimayvanphong.com http://ecom24h.com http://www.chosach.com http://tragop.com/ http://www.khongday.com.vn http://www.thegioididong.com http://toanhung.com.vn/ http://www.vinagifts.net http://www.vietnamwildtour.com/ http://muabanonline.vn/ http://4tshop.com/ http://vietvoyage.com/

4.5 4.5 4.7 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.0 3.5 4.7 3.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.2 3.0 3.3

5.5 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.3

Thng t 09/2008/TT-BCT ra i l mt bc tin trong vic hon thin khun kh php l cho thng mi in t ti Vit Nam, to hnh lang cc doanh nghip kinh doanh lnh mnh trn mi trng Internet. Vic a nhng quy nh ca Thng t vo cuc sng s gp phn xy dng cc tp qun kinh doanh hin i trong thng mi in t, em li li ch v mt x hi v v hiu qu v mt kinh t cho doanh nghip trong bi cnh hi nhp kinh t su sc nh hin nay. Tuy nhin, nhng con s trn cho thy ngoi nh hng ca nh nc cn cn n lc rt ln ca cng ng doanh nghip, cc quy nh php lut c th c trin khai trong thc tin kinh doanh v bin thnh li th cnh tranh ca tng doanh nghip.

183

PH LC 4

QUY CH CUNG CP TRC TUYN CC DCH V CNG DO B CNG THNG QUN L

Quyt nh s 49/2008/Q-BCT ngy 29 thng 12 thng 2008 ca B trng B Cng Thng ban hnh Quy ch Cung cp trc tuyn cc dch v cng do B Cng Thng qun l B TRNG B CNG THNG Cn c Ngh nh s 189/2007/N-CP ngy 27 thng 12 nm 2007 quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Cng Thng; Cn c Ngh nh s 64/2007/N-CP ngy 10 thng 4 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph v ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong hot ng ca c quan nh nc; Cn c Quyt nh s 94/2006/Q-TTg ngy 27 thng 4 nm 2006 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt K hoch ci cch hnh chnh nh nc giai on 2006 - 2010; Cn c Quyt nh s 222/2005/Q-TTg ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2005 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006 - 2010; Theo ngh ca Cc trng Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin v Chnh Vn phng B, QUYT NH: iu 1. Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh ny Quy ch Cung cp trc tuyn cc dch v cng do B Cng Thng qun l. iu 2. Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy, k t ngy ng Cng bo. iu 3. Cc trng Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin, Chnh Vn phng B, Th trng cc n v thuc B v cc n v lin quan c trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny./. KT. B TRNG TH TRNG ( k)

L Danh Vnh

184

QuY CH Cung cp trc tuyn cc dch v cng do B Cng Thng qun l (Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 49/2008/Q-BCT Ngy 29 thng 12 nm 2008 ca B trng B Cng Thng)
Chng I QuY NH CHuNG iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh Quy ch ny quy nh v ni dung, nguyn tc xy dng k hoch v quy trnh t chc thc hin cung cp trc tuyn cc dch v cng do B Cng Thng qun l theo Danh mc ti Ph lc 1 ca Quy ch ny. iu 2. i tng p dng Quy ch ny p dng i vi cc n v thuc B Cng Thng, cc t chc c B Cng Thng phn cp hoc y quyn cung cp cc dch v cng, cc t chc v c nhn lin quan ti vic cung cp v s dng cc dch v cng thuc phm vi qun l nh nc ca B Cng Thng. iu 3. Gii thch t ng Trong Quy ch ny, cc t ng di y c hiu nh sau: 1. Dch v cng do B Cng Thng qun l l nhng dch v lin quan n hot ng thc thi php lut, khng nhm mc tiu li nhun, do B Cng Thng hoc cc t chc c B Cng Thng phn cp, y quyn cp cho t chc, c nhn di hnh thc vn bn c gi tr php l trong cc lnh vc thuc phm vi qun l nh nc ca B Cng Thng hoc h tr cho hot ng ca doanh nghip v ngi dn. 2. Cung cp trc tuyn dch v cng l vic ng dng mi trng mng my tnh in t cung cp mt phn hoc ton b dch v cng, bao gm thng tin v quy trnh, th tc, biu mu, tip nhn h s, x l h s, thng bo kt qu v cc vn bn lin quan ti dch v cng . 3. Vn bn in t l chng t, biu mu, h s, giy php, giy chng nhn v cc ti liu khc dng thng ip d liu. Chng II VN BN IN T TRONG HOT NG CuNG CP TRC TuYN DCH V CNG iu 4. Gi tr php l ca vn bn in t Trong hot ng cung cp trc tuyn cc dch v cng, vn bn in t c gi tr php l nh vn bn nu thng tin cha trong vn bn in t c th truy cp c s dng khi cn thit v tha mn cc quy nh c th ca tng dch v cng trc tuyn. iu 5. Thi im gi, nhn vn bn in t 1. Thi im gi mt vn bn in t l thi im vn bn in t ri khi h thng thng tin di s kim sot ca ngi khi to hay ca bn i din cho ngi khi to. Trong trng hp vn bn in t khng ri khi h thng thng tin di s kim sot ca ngi khi to hay ca bn i din cho ngi khi to, thi im gi l thi im nhn c vn bn in t. 185

2. Thi im nhn mt vn bn in t l thi im ngi nhn c th truy cp c vn bn in t ti mt a ch in t do ngi nhn ch ra. Thi im nhn mt vn bn in t a ch in t khc ca ngi nhn l thi im ngi nhn c th truy cp c chng t in t ti a ch ny v ngi nhn bit r vn bn in t c gi ti a ch ny. Ngi nhn c coi l c th truy cp c mt vn bn in t khi vn bn in t ti c a ch in t ca ngi nhn.

iu 6. a im gi, nhn vn bn in t
Tr khi c quy nh khc ti tng dch v cng trc tuyn, a im gi v nhn vn bn in t ca cc n v thuc B Cng Thng l tr s chnh ca B ti s 54 Hai B Trng, H Ni. iu 7. Tip nhn v lu tr vn bn in t 1. Vn bn in t gi n B Cng Thng phi c sao lu trong h thng lu tr in t. 2. Vic sao lu hoc cc bin php tip nhn khc phi ch ra c thi gian gi v nhn vn bn in t. 3. Vn bn in t ca c quan nh nc phi c a vo h s lu tr theo cch bo m tnh xc thc, an ton v kh nng truy nhp vn bn in t . iu 8. Xy dng thng nht vn bn in t Cc n v ch tr qun l, cung cp cc dch v cng phi hp vi Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin xy dng vn bn in t s dng trong hot ng cung cp cc dch v cng trc tuyn ca B Cng Thng. Cc vn bn in t ny phi tun theo cc quy nh ca php lut v p ng cc yu cu sau y: 1. Thng tin n gin, d hiu, khng chng cho v ph hp vi quy trnh cng vic lin quan. 2. Khun dng theo tiu chun, quy chun k thut quy nh d dng ti xung, hin th v in n bng cc phng tin in t ph bin. 3. Thng tin c sn trong c s d liu c khai thc gim vic nhp li. Chng III NI DuNG V Iu KIN BO M CHO HOT NG CuNG CP TRC TuYN DCH V CNG iu 9. Xy dng c s h tng thng tin Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin c trch nhim u t xy dng, khai thc, duy tr v nng cp c s h tng thng tin v mi trng mng ca B Cng Thng theo tiu chun, quy chun k thut quy nh ca Nh nc. iu 10. Bo m tng thch v cng ngh 1. Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin ch tr xy dng v ban hnh cc quy chun k thut quc gia v chun trao i d liu in t s dng trong vic cung cp trc

186

tuyn cc dch v cng thuc phm vi qun l nh nc ca B Cng Thng. Quy chun ny phi h tr cho vic trao i d liu in t quc t. 2. Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin ch tr, phi hp vi cc c quan lin quan xy dng v ban hnh cc quy chun k thut bo m an ton, bo mt thng tin s v cc h thng thng tin s trong hot ng cung cp trc tuyn cc dch v cng. 3. T chc c B Cng Thng u quyn cung cp cc dch v cng trc tuyn phi p dng cc quy chun k thut quy nh ti khon 1 v khon 2 iu ny i vi thng tin c trao i gia h thng thng tin ca t chc vi h thng thng tin ca B Cng Thng. iu 11. Ph bin v hng dn s dng cc dch v cng trc tuyn Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin ch tr, phi hp vi cc n v c trch nhim: 1. Cng b danh mc, l trnh cung cp cc dch v cng trn mi trng mng. 2. Hng dn cc i tng s dng dch v cng v php l, cng ngh, k nng v cc iu kin khc cc i tng ny tham gia thnh cng cc dch v cng trc tuyn do B Cng Thng qun l v cung cp. 3. Thc hin vic tuyn truyn, qung b thu ht cc t chc, c nhn ng h v tham gia cc dch v cng trc tuyn. iu 12. Bo v thng tin c nhn 1. Cc n v thu thp, x l v s dng thng tin c nhn trong hot ng cung cp trc tuyn dch v cng phi thc hin theo quy nh ti iu 21 ca Lut Cng ngh thng tin v cc quy nh php lut lin quan ti bo v thng tin c nhn. 2. Cc bin php bo v thng tin c nhn bao gm: thng bo mc ch s dng thng tin c nhn, gim st qu trnh x l thng tin c nhn, ban hnh th tc kim tra, nh chnh hoc hu b thng tin c nhn v cc bin php k thut khc. 3. Cc n v nm gi thng tin thuc b mt c nhn phi c trch nhim bo v nhng thng tin v ch c php cung cp, chia s cho bn th ba c thm quyn trong nhng trng hp ph hp vi quy nh ca php lut. iu 13. Bo v b mt kinh doanh Cc n v nm gi b mt kinh doanh ca cc t chc, c nhn lin quan ti hot ng cung cp trc tuyn dch v cng c trch nhim bo v nhng thng tin theo quy nh ca php lut. Chng IV XY DNG, PH DuYT K HOCH CuNG CP TRC TuYN DCH V CNG iu 14. Xy dng v ph duyt k hoch cung cp trc tuyn dch v cng Cc n v thuc B Cng Thng ch tr, phi hp vi Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin v Vn phng B xy dng k hoch cung cp trc tuyn cc dch v cng do n v qun l hoc trc tip cung cp v xin kin thm nh theo quy nh ti iu 17 ca Quy ch ny.

187

Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin phi hp vi Vn phng B tng hp k hoch ca cc n v trnh B trng ph duyt. Thi gian xy dng, thm nh v trnh duyt k hoch cung cp trc tuyn dch v cng thc hin theo Ph lc 2 ca Quy ch ny. iu 15. Nguyn tc xy dng k hoch cung cp trc tuyn dch v cng 1. Ph hp vi cc cam kt quc t ca Vit Nam v thun li ha thng mi v thng mi phi giy t. 2. Ph hp vi ch trng, chnh sch pht trin v ng dng cng ngh thng tin ca Nh nc; chin lc, quy hoch pht trin cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t trn phm vi quc gia v ngnh cng thng. 3. Ph hp vi cc chng trnh, n ci cch hnh chnh trn phm vi quc gia v ngnh cng thng. iu 16. Ni dung c bn ca k hoch cung cp trc tuyn dch v cng 1. Danh mc cc dch v cng do n v qun l hoc trc tip cung cp. 2. S cn thit: nu r tnh hnh cung cp tng dch v cng v s cn thit phi cung cp trc tuyn dch v cng . 3. Mc tiu: nu nhng mc tiu ca vic cung cp trc tuyn tng dch v cng, bao gm mc tiu v cng khai minh bch, gim chi ph cho cc i tng s dng dch v cng, gim bt u mi trung gian, to lp c s d liu lin quan. hin. 4. Ni dung v tin : xc nh r ni dung cng vic cn thc hin v tin thc

5. D ton kinh ph: xc nh kinh ph cho vic cung cp trc tuyn tng dch v cng, bao gm kinh ph u t ban u v kinh ph vn hnh hng nm; phn r c cu ngun: kinh ph u t pht trin t ngn sch nh nc, kinh ph hnh chnh s nghip, kinh ph ng gp ca i tng th hng v cc ngun khc. 6. T chc thc hin: nu phng n t chc thc hin; n v ch tr, n v phi hp, i tng th hng, a im thc hin. 7. Hiu qu: nu r hiu qu v kinh t v x hi, nhng li ch c c nh rt ngn thi gian cung cp, gim chi ph cho i tng s dng, c s d liu c cp nht mt cch nhanh chng, y v chnh xc. iu 17. Quy trnh thm nh, ph duyt k hoch 1. Thm nh v th tc hnh chnh v cng ngh a) Vn phng B thm nh v s ph hp vi cc chnh sch, chng trnh, n ci cch hnh chnh ca nh nc v ca B Cng Thng; b) Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin thm nh s ph hp vi chnh sch, chin lc, k hoch ng dng cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t trong hot ng ca cc c quan nh nc. 2. Thm nh v u t v kinh ph a) V K hoch thm nh s ph hp ca k hoch vi hot ng u t pht trin ca

188

B v kinh ph t ngun ngn sch nh nc chi cho u t pht trin; b) V Ti chnh thm nh v s ph hp ca k hoch vi kinh ph t ngun ngn sch nh nc chi cho hot ng hnh chnh s nghip. 3. Ph duyt k hoch Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin phi hp vi Vn phng B tng hp k hoch ca cc n v trnh B trng B Cng Thng xem xt, ph duyt. Chng V Iu KHON THI HNH iu 18. iu khon thi hnh 1. Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin ch tr, phi hp cng V K hoch, V Ti chnh v Vn phng B hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin Quy ch ny v tng hp bo co B trng B Cng Thng. 2. Cc n v thuc B Cng Thng c chc nng qun l v cung cp dch v cng ch tr, phi hp vi Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin v cc n v lin quan t chc trin khai cung cp trc tuyn dch v cng theo k hoch c ph duyt. 3. Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin tng hp cc vn pht sinh trong qu trnh thc hin, bo co B trng B Cng Thng xem xt, quyt nh vic sa i, b sung Quy ch./. KT. B TRNG TH TRNG ( k) L Danh Vnh

189

PH LC 5

PHIU IU TRA DOANH NGHIP NG DNG THNG MI IN T

Lu : 1) B Cng Thng cam kt gi b mt cc thng tin ring ca cng ty v ch dng thng tin cung cp ti phiu iu tra ny cho mc ch kho st tng hp v hin trng thng mi in t Vit Nam nm 2008 2) Vi nhng cu hi c sn phng n tr li, xin chn cu tr li thch hp bng cch nh du X vo hoc tng ng 3) Du : Ch chn mt trong cc cu tr li; Du : c th chn nhiu cu tr li

A. Thng tin v doanh nghip 1. Tn doanh nghip . 2. a ch .. 3. Thng tin lin h ca ngi in phiu H tn: .. V tr cng tc: . in thoi: Email: ... 4. Nm thnh lp doanh nghip 5. S lng nhn vin: ................ 6. S lng nhn vin vn phng: ............... 7. Ngnh sn xut kinh doanh chnh: B. Mc sn sng cho thng mi in t (thng mi in t) 1. Tng s my tnh trong doanh nghip? .. 2. T l nhn vin s dng my tnh thng xuyn cho cng vic? (t nht 1 ln mt ngy) Di 10% T 10% - 40% T 40% - 70% Trn 70% 3. Doanh nghip c nhng hnh thc o to CNTT v thng mi in t no cho nhn vin? lp o to M nhn vin i hc Gi to ti ch theo nhu cu cng vic o Khng o to 4. Hnh thc truy cp Internet? Quay s ADSL ng truyn ring Khng kt ni Internet

190

5. Mc ch ca vic s dng Internet trong doanh nghip: kim thng tin Tm dch vi i tc bng th in t Giao Truyn v nhn cc file d liu bn hng ha, dch v Mua tr, cp nht website Duy lc vi cc c quan nh nc Lin Tuyn dng, o to (Nu c th: ..) Khc 6. Mng ni b c s dng: LAN WAN Intranet Extranet 7. nh gi cc tr ngi i vi vic s dng Internet ca doanh nghip (vi mi vn sau cho im t 0 n 4, trong 4 l mc tr ngi cao nht): .. Tnh an ton bo mt (ly truyn virus, b tn cng qua mng) .. Cng ngh qu phc tp .. Chi ph qu cao .. Kt ni Internet chm v khng n nh .. Internet khng em li hiu qu r rt cho hot ng ca doanh nghip C. Mc ng dng thng mi in t (thng mi in t) 1. Doanh nghip c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t khng? C (S lng ..) Khng 2. Doanh nghip hoc ang c d n hay chin lc v pht trin v ng dng thng mi in t khng? C Khng 3. Nu doanh nghip hoc ang trin khai d n v pht trin ng dng thng mi in t, ngh cung cp mt s thng tin v nhng d n ny: Tn d n Nm thc hin Kinh ph (VND) .......... .......... ..........

4. Doanh nghip c tham gia cc sn giao dch thng mi in t (trong v ngoi nc) khng?
C Khng (chuyn sang cu 8) 5. Nu c, l nhng sn giao dch thng mi in t no? ............................................................................................. 191

6. T khi tham gia cc sn giao dch ny, doanh nghip k c hp ng no t cc thng tin cho bn/cho mua trn sn cha? C Khng Nu c, bao nhiu hp ng? . 7. Nhng hp ng doanh nghip k c qua cc sn giao dch thng mi in t c tr gi - Ti thiu: - Ti a: . 8. Doanh nghip c trin khai ng dng EDI (trao i d liu in t) trong giao dch vi i tc khng? C Khng 9. Doanh nghip c website khng? C (a ch website .................................................) Khng (chuyn sang cu 15) S lp website trong nm ti (chuyn sang cu 15) 10. Nu doanh nghip xy dng website, website ny c nhng tnh nng g? thiu v doanh nghip Gii thiu v sn phm Gii php t hng trc tuyn Cho php thanh ton trc tuyn Cho Khc (nu c th) 11. Nhm sn phm, dch v no c gii thiu trn website ca doanh nghip? Hng ho tng hp (Siu th in t) phm c kh my mc Sn Thit b in t v vin thng Hng tiu dng Hng th cng m ngh Nng lm thy sn may, giy dp Dt Sch, vn ha phm, qu tng Hng ha s ho (phn mm, nhc,) Dch v du lch Dch v lut, t vn Khc (nu c th) 12. i tng khch hng m website hng ti? Ngi tiu dng Doanh nghip 13. Tn sut cp nht thng tin trn website? Hng ngy Hng tun Hng thng Thnh thong

192

14. Doanh nghip s dng nhng phn mm tc nghip no sau y? Qun l nhn s ton, ti chnh K Qun l kho Qun tr quan h khch hng (CRM) Qun l h thng cung ng (SCM) k hoch ngun lc (ERP) Lp Khc (l phn mm g? .......) Khng p dng phn mm no 15. Doanh nghip s dng website tm kim no tm kim thng tin? Google Yahoo! Khc: ............................................................................................. 16. Doanh nghip c cho php nhn n t hng bng mt trong cc phng tin in t (website, email, fax, in thoi) khng? C Khng (chuyn sang phn D) 17. Nu c, doanh nghip nhn n t hng qua cc phng tin c th no: thoi in Fax Email Website ca doanh nghip 18. Nu doanh nghip cho php t hng bng cc phng tin trn, nhng phng thc thanh ton no c chp nhn? Tin mt khi giao hng Chuyn tin qua bu in Chuyn khon qua ngn hng Khc (nu c th) 19. Doanh nghip p dng hnh thc giao hng no vi nhng n hng trn? Ngi mua n nhn ti cc im i l ca cng ty Cng ty c i ng giao hng Bu in i l giao nhn Khc (nu c th) D. Hiu qu ng dng thng mi in t 1. c tnh t l u t cho CNTT v thng mi in t trn tng chi ph hot ng thng nin: Di 5% T 5%-15% Trn 15%

193

2. c tnh t trng ca tng hng mc sau trong tng chi ph hng nm cho CNTT v thng mi in t: - u t cho trang thit b phn cng chim ........ % - u t cho phn mm chim % - u t cho nhn s, o to chim .% - Cc chi ph duy tr v vn hnh h thng chim .....% 3. c tnh doanh thu t cc n t hng qua phng tin in t (in thoi, fax, website, email) chim bao nhiu phn trm tng doanh thu hng nm ca doanh nghip? Di 5% T 5% - 15% Trn 15% 4. Trong tng doanh thu t cc n t hng qua cc phng tin in t, c tnh mi nhm i tng sau chim bao nhiu phn trm? - n t hng ca khch hng doanh nghip chim ........ % - n t hng ca khch hng c nhn chim ... % 5. So vi nm trc, doanh thu t hng ha dch v tip th qua knh thng mi in t ca doanh nghip trong 12 thng nm nay din bin theo chiu hng: Tng Gim Hu nh khng thay i 6. nh gi nhng tr ngi chnh i vi doanh nghip trong vic trin khai ng dng thng mi in t ti Vit Nam hin nay (vi mi vn , khoanh trn mc tr ngi theo nh gi ca doanh nghip) Mc tc ng n thng mi in t Vn tr ngi Nhn thc ca ngi dn v doanh nghip v thng mi in t cn thp Ngun nhn lc CNTT v thng mi in t cn thiu v yu v k nng Mi trng php l cha hon thin H thng thanh ton in t cha pht trin Dch v vn chuyn v cc dch v h tr khc cho thng mi in t cha pht trin Vn an ton v an ninh mng cha c m bo Khng cn tr 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Rt cn tr 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4

194

Mi trng x hi v tp qun kinh doanh ca VN cha thch hp ng dng phng thc kinh doanh thng mi in t

7. nh gi hiu qu ca vic ng dng thng mi in t i vi hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip.(Vi mi tc ng, khoanh trn mc hiu qu theo nh gi ca doanh nghip) Mc hiu qu do thng mi in t em li Tc ng M rng knh tip xc vi khch hng hin c Thu ht khch hng mi Xy dng hnh nh doanh nghip Tng doanh s Gim chi ph kinh doanh Tng li nhun v hiu qu hot ng ca doanh nghip Tng kh nng cnh tranh vi i th Khng hiu qu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Rt hiu qu 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

8. Cc xut i vi chnh sch, php lut ca Nh nc nhm thc y hot ng ng dng thng mi in t ca doanh nghip? (Nu thiu giy c th nh km thm trang khc)

195

PH LC 6

PHIU IU TRA CNG NGH NG DNG TRONG THNG MI IN T

1) Cc thng mi in t v CNTT - B Cng Thng cam kt gi b mt cc thng tin ring ca doanh nghip cung cp theo phiu iu tra ny v ch dng vo mc ch kho st, thng k s liu tng hp v hin trng mi in t Vit Nam nm 2008. 2) Vi nhng cu hi c sn phng n tr li, xin chn cu tr li thch hp bng cch nh du X vo hoc tng ng 3) Du : Ch chn mt trong cc cu tr li; Du : c th chn nhiu cu tr li A. Thng tin v doanh nghip 1. Tn doanh nghip:. 2. a ch:... 3. a ch website (nu c) 4. Thng tin lin h ca ngi in phiu: H tn: .. Chc v: ... in thoi: Email: .... 5. Ngnh ngh chnh: ... 6. S lng nhn vin: .......... Cn b qun l:.............Cn b CNTT: B. Cng ngh v tiu chun v ng dng trong trao i d liu in t 1. Doanh nghip c quy trnh cng vic c ban hnh v p dng? C Cha 2. Doanh nghip p dng chng trnh phn mm trao i d liu in t (TDLT) qua mng my tnh? C Cha 3. Doanh nghip c s thng nht v cc mu biu s dng cho TDLT? C Cha 4. Bao nhiu mu biu c s dng cho vic TDLT ca doanh nghip (c th cung cp s lng chnh xc hoc c tnh) 5. Bao nhiu n v/doanh nghip khc lin quan trong qu trnh TDLT qua mng my tnh . (c th cung cp s lng chnh xc hoc c tnh)

196

6. Doanh nghip thc hin TDLT phc v mc ch? Thanh ton qua mng l s liu k ton, ti chnh X Qun l quan h khch hng (CRM) k hoch ngun lc (ERP) Lp Cung cp thng tin giao dch trc tuyn Qun l hng ho, kho bi Qun l h thng cung ng (SCM) Khc:

7. Doanh nghip s dng cc chun trao i d liu cha?

ang p dng D kin p dng Cha c nh p dng Khc: .....

8. Cc loi dch v gi tr gia tng (VAS) doanh nghip ang cung cp v cc tiu chun k thut lin quan (V d: ISO, tiu chun doanh nghip, v.v)? .............................. .............................. 9. Cc chun trao i d liu in t m doanh nghip ang/ s s dng: doanh nghip t xy dng v ban hnh Do (v d: c h thng cc biu mu cng quy trnh lin quan) v cc chun da trn nn tng XML XML EDIFACT (Theo chun UN/CEFACT) X12 (Tiu chun ca Hoa K) ASC ebXML Khc: ... Xin m t chi tit cc chun TDLT m doanh nghip ang/s s dng: ... ... 10. Hnh thc p dng cc chun TDLT nu trn m doanh nghip la chn? Chuyn giao cng ngh t cng ty nc ngoi ng vi cc cng ty Vit Nam xy dng v pht trin Hp nghin cu v pht trin da trn cc chun c cng b T hp cc hnh thc trn Kt Khc: . 11. Thi gian tin hnh cho nghin cu ng dng cc chun TDLT: p dng Trong vng 1 nm ti 2 n 3 nm ti Cha xc nh r thi im 12. Cc chun d kin s nghin cu, ng dng doanh nghip t xy dng v ban hnh Do v cc chun da trn nn tng XML XML EDIFACT (Theo chun UN/CEFACT) X12 (Tiu chun ca Hoa K) ASC ebXML Khc: ...

197

13. Mc quyt tm ca doanh nghip trong vic nghin cu, ng dng cc chun TDLT vo thc tin (Xin khoanh trn vo mc ph hp) Mc thp nht = 0 Mc cao nht =9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

C. nh gi tc ng (i vi cc doanh nghip ng dng trao i d liu in t) 1. Tng hiu qu ca cng tc qun l/ sn xut kinh doanh, dch v C Khng 2. Gim chi ph (so vi khi cha p dng TDLT) 1-5% 5-10% 10-20% Trn 20% 3. c tnh tng trng doanh thu hng nm nh s p dng TDLT (i vi doanh nghip sn xut kinh doanh, dch v) - Tnh theo phn trm (c th a ra s liu % c th hoc theo la chn sau) 1-5% 5-10% 10-20% 20-40% Trn 40% % tng trng c th - Tnh theo tin ng VN (c th a ra s liu c th hoc theo la chn sau) 100 - 500 triu 500 triu - 1 t 1 - 5 t 5 - 20 t Trn 20 t Doanh thu tng trng c th 4. S lng n hng, hp ng k kt thng qua TDLT chim bao nhiu phn trm trong tng gi tr/s lng n hng ca doanh nghip? 1-5% 5-10% 10-20% 20-40% Trn 40% % tng trng hoc gi tr c th D. xut v ng gp kin xut cc h tr chnh sch t pha Nh nc v cc kin ng gp hot ng ng dng cng ngh trong thng mi in t c y mnh. ... ... i din doanh nghip (K & ng du)

198

PH LC 7

PHIU IU TRA BO V D LIU C NHN TRONG THNG MI IN T

Ghi ch: 1) Cc thng mi in t v CNTT - B Cng Thng cam kt gi b mt cc thng tin ring ca doanh nghip cung cp theo phiu iu tra ny v ch dng vo mc ch kho st, thng k s liu tng hp v hin trng mi in t Vit Nam nm 2008. Vi nhng cu hi c sn phng n tr li, xin chn cu tr li thch hp bng cch nh du X vo tng ng.

2)

A. Thng tin v doanh nghip 1. Tn doanh nghip: . 2. a ch: 3. a ch website: .................. 4. Thng tin lin h ca ngi in phiu: H tn: .. Chc v: ....... in thoi: ....Email: .... 5. Ngnh ngh chnh: .... 6. S lng nhn vin: .......... Cn b qun l:............. Cn b CNTT: B. Thu thp v s dng thng tin c nhn ca khch hng 1. Doanh nghip c thu thp thng tin c nhn ca khch hng phc v cho hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh khng? C Khng 2. Doanh nghip thu thp thng tin c nhn ca khch hng theo nhng cch thc no? Do khch hng cung cp khi truy cp vo website giao dch Trc tip t khch hng Thng qua bn th ba Khc 3. Nhng thng tin c nhn ca khch hng m doanh nghip thu thp bao gm: a ch email S ti khon a ch lin lc Khc

199

4. Doanh nghip s dng thng tin ca khch hng cho nhng mc ch no? gi email, th qung co hoc cho hng Gi th duy tr quan h khch hng Khc 5. Doanh nghip c thng bo mc ch s dng trc khi thu thp thng tin ca mnh cho khch hng khng? C Khng 6. Doanh nghip c chuyn giao hoc tit l thng tin ca khch hng cho bn th ba khng? C Khng 7. Nu c, doanh nghip c xin php kin ca khch hng trc khi tit l thng tin cho bn th ba khng? C Khng C. Bo v d liu c nhn ca khch hng 1. Doanh nghip c xy dng qui ch v thu thp v s dng thng tin c nhn trong giao dch thng mi in t cha? C D kin s xy dng trong tng lai gn Cha c k hoch 2. Quy ch thu thp v s dng thng tin c nhn trn website ca doanh nghip c t Trang ch Trang iu khon s dng trang khc nhng c c ch khch hng c th d dng tm hiu 3. Doanh nghip trin khai vic bo v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng bng cc bin php: Qun l Cng ngh C hai 4. Trong thu thp v s dng thng tin c nhn ca khch hng, nhng bin php no di y c doanh nghip thc hin? Thng bo trc ni d nhn bit cho khch hng bit v chnh sch v hot ng thu thp, s dng d liu c nhn ca doanh nghip. Quy nh c th gii hn phm vi thu thp thng tin c nhn. Thng bo c th v vic s dng thng tin c nhn. Cho php khch hng quyn la chn cung cp hay khng cung cp thng tin c nhn ca mnh cho doanh nghip.

200

C cc bin php k thut bo m tnh ton vn d liu c nhn. C cc bin php bo m an ninh, an ton d liu c nhn. C c ch cho php ch th d liu c nhn tip cn v iu chnh thng tin ca mnh. C quy nh v gii quyt tranh chp, khiu ni ca khch hng lin quan ti vic s dng thng tin c nhn ca h. 5. Mc quyt tm ca doanh nghip trong vic trin khai thc hin qui ch bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t (Xin khoanh trn vo mc ph hp) Mc thp nht = 0 0 1 Mc cao nht =4 2 3 4

6. nh gi tc ng ca vic bo v thng tin c nhn ca khch hng i vi hot ng ca doanh nghip (Xin khoanh trn vo mc ph hp)
Mc tc ng Tc ng Tng nim tin ca khch hng khi tham gia giao dch mua bn hng ho, s dng dch v do doanh nghip cung cp Tng s lng khch hng tham gia giao dch Nng cao uy tn v xy dng hnh nh doanh nghip trn th trng Gy kh khn cho vic thu thp, s dng thng tin khch hng phc v hot ng qung b tip th Tng chi ph hot ng ca doanh nghip do vic duy tr cc bin php bo v thng tin khch hng Khng tc ng 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 Tc ng cao nht 4 4 4 4

D. xut v ng gp kin xut cc bin php h tr t pha Nh nc v cc kin ng gp y mnh vic bo v d liu c nhn trong thng mi in t ............................ i din doanh nghip (K & ng du)

201

202 M t - L tiu chun ban hnh nm 1979 bi Vin tiu chun quc gia Hoa K (ANSI American National Standards Institute). - X12 gm cc tp giao dch, cho mt phm vi rng cc mu giao dch kinh doanh bao gm t hng, giao hng, nhn hng, ha n, thanh ton c dng ph bin M v cc nc thuc Nam M. - L tiu chun chnh thc s dng trong Hi Cha ng dng quan Anh t nm 1974. - L tiu chun bao gm cc quy tc c php Cha ng dng CII l phin bn m rng ca b c php EIAJ do Hip hi cng nghip in t Nht Bn ban hnh nm 1991. Thng ip, quy tc c php CII c s dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip Nht Bn. Cha ng dng Tnh hnh ng dng ti Vit Nam

PH LC 8

MT S TIU CHUN CNG NGH H TR THNG MI IN T V TNH HNH NG DNG TI VIT NAM

Nhm

Cc tiu chun cng ngh quc t

Cc tiu chun trao i d liu in t (EDI)

ANSI ASC X12 (ASC Accredited Standards Committee)

TDI Trade data interchange

CII (Cross-Industry Information Interchange)

EDIFACT (Electronic data interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport)

- Tiu chun ny c ban hnh nm 1986 s dng quy tc c php UN/ISO 9735 cho EDI lnh vc hnh chnh - thng mi vn ti. Chun EDIFACT s dng h tr cc ngdng thng mi in t, in t ho cc dch v thng mi in t thay th cc ti liu kinh doanh bng giy nh: vn n, n t hng, thm ch c sc, v.v - ng dng EDIFACT s c cc c ch xc minh cc cng ty gi vn n, chng minh vic giao hng v tin hnh thanh ton - EDIFICE l mt tiu chun B2B ca Chu u Cha ng dng trong ngnh cng nghip in t dnh cho nhng doanh nghip lin quan n my tnh, in t v vin thng. Hng dn thc hnh thng ip EDIFICE (MIGs) l tp con ca b tiu chun UN/EDIFACT da trn danh b D.97A miu t thng ip EDI trong giao dch kinh t trong cng nghip in t. - ng dng cho phn mm doanh nghip theo Cha ng dng tiu chun R3 ca SAP, cho php doanh nghip hon thin tin trnh giao dch kinh doanh bi mt gi phn mm lin kt duy nht. - SAP IDocs dng lu chuyn thng tin ni b trong doanh nghip. Thng tin trao i vi doanh nghip khc c chun ha theo nh dng EDI nh UN/EDIFACT, EANCOM hoc X12

ng dng ti: - Cng Hi Phng: Trao i vi cc hng tu, ng dng thng ip CODECO (phin bn D95B) v thng ip COARI (phin bn D04B) - B Cng Thng: H thng (ELVIS) s dng cc thng ip SANCRT, REQDOC, CUSRES (phin bn D99A) truyn Visa in t sang Hi quan Hoa K. Chun b ng dng vo h thng cp chng nhn xut x in t eCoSys - ng dng trong vic x l n t hng ca UnileverVN thng qua h thng x l t ti c.

EDIFICE

SAP iDOc Module (Intermediate Documents)

203

204 - L c t k thut thnh phn li ISO/TS Cha ng dng 15000-5 ebXML, phin bn 2.01 (ebCCTS), c ban hnh nh mt tiu chun ISO vo thng 9 nm 2006. UN/CEFACT thit lp cc phn t li nh mt tiu chun cho s pht trin tng lai ca cc thng ip in t, nhm y mnh s gn kt trong kinh doanh doanh in t, thc y lung thng tin lu thng gia cc doanh nghip. - L nhng hng dn h tr pht trin phn Cha ng dng mm khi s dng tiu chun X12 da trn khung mi ca X12, gip cc chuyn gia thit k, phn tch h thng ng dng v phn tch kinh doanh. - Do T chc Thc y cc tiu chun thng tin c cu trc (OASIS) ban hnh. XML l ngn ng nh dng c cu trc gii quyt rt nhiu vn ca EDI nh khng phn bit EDI l hay tng tc v c th trao i theo thi gian thc, d dng chuyn i vo cc h qun tr c s d liu, chia s gia cc ng dng. -B Thng tin v Truyn thng ban hnh trong Danh mc tiu chun ng dng CNTT trong c quan nh nc (Quyt nh s 20/2008/ Q-BTTTT ngy 09 thng 04 nm 2008) - Hu ht cc doanh nghip c kho st p dng XML nhng cc chun ny do doanh nghip t xy dng - Tng cc Hi quan: ng dng XML kt hp vi m hnh WCO 2.0 trao i d liu vi cc doanh nghip khai HQT. - B Cng Thng c s thng nht biu mu theo nh dng XML vi VCCI v vi cc phng qun l xut nhp khu cc khu cng nghip, khu ch xut trao i d liu cp chng nhn xut x in t. - Do sng kin ca t chc UN/CEFACT v c - ang c B Cng Thng nghin cu ng OASIS phi hp, xy dng v ban hnh nm dng 2001 (ISO 15000-5 ebXML).

M hnh d liu (Data Models): M t c php ca cu trc v ni dung vn bn thng mi hoc cc thnh phn ca vn bn thng mi

CCTS (Core Components Technical Specification)

CICA (Context Inspired Component Architecture)

Tiu chun tch hp d liu: XML

XML

Tiu chun ebXML

ISO 15000 ebXML

Tiu chun SDMX (Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange).

-L chun v trao i d liu v siu d liu thng k. Tiu chun SDMX h tr cho vic trao i cc d liu v siu d liu thng k s dng cng ngh thng tin hin i, trng tm hng vo gi d liu ln.

- SDMX c Ngn hng Thanh ton quc t, Ngn hng Trung ng chu u, C quan Thng k chu u, Qu Tin t quc t, T chc pht trin v hp tc kinh t, Lin Hp quc v Ngn hng th gii xut v ng ti tr. SDMX c nghin cu v ph bin trong khun kh Hp phn 5 - Phn tch thng k v cng c chnh sch, Chng trnh H tr k thut ca Chu u cho Vit Nam, giai on 2 (ETV2), thc hin n ht nm 2008.

H thng tch hp cc tiu chun ton cu

GS1

- L h thng tch hp cc tiu chun ton cu - c 117 nc ng k lm thnh vin, trong cho php phn nh v trao i chnh xc cc c Vit Nam. Hng ngn doanh nghip trong thng tin lin quan n sn phm, ti sn, dch nc ng k v p dng. v v a im. GS1 l h thng tiu chun chui cung ng hng u trn th gii, bao gm cc b tiu chun ton cu v m s m vch, gi tin cho thng mi in t, mng ng b ha d liu ton cu v mng EPCGlobal. - L tiu chun (Standard for Financial - Tt cc ngn hng v cng ty chuyn mch ti Transaction Card Originated Messages - chnh, cc siu th v ca hng chp nhn th Interchange message specifications) c phi tun th theo tiu chun bt buc ny. dng trong cc dch v giao dch trao i in t gia ngn hng pht hnh, ngn hng thanh ton, cng ty chuyn mch ti chnh, n v chp nhn th, cng thanh ton trc tuyn v ch s hu th thanh ton.

Tiu chun dch v giao dch trao i in t th thanh ton gia ngn hng

ISO 8583

205

206 Tiu chun (Society for Worldwide Interbank - Tt cc t chc ti chnh ln phi s dng khi Financial Telecommunication) c cc chuyn tin quc t. ngn hng v t chc tn dng ln trong nc s dng chun ho cc thng ip ti chnh, kt hp vi vic quy nh v bo mt v m bo kt ni gia cc t chc ti chnh ln khi chuyn tin quc t.

Tiu chun chuyn tin quc t

SWIFT

(Footnotes)

1 2 3

Lut Giao dch in t ca Vit Nam v cc lut tng t ca nhiu nc khc c bn da trn Lut mu v Thng mi in t ca UNCITRAL. APEC thnh lp Nhm cng tc v Thng mi in t (ECWG) tp trung vo hai ch chnh l bo v d liu c nhn v thng mi phi giy t. VASCO (Vietnam Air Services Company): Cng ty Bay dch v hng khng

Thit k v In n ti LUCK HOUSE GRAPHICS LTD In 2500 cun kh 21x 29.7 (cm). Quyt nh xut bn s: 827 QLK/L Giy php xut bn s: 54-189/L cp ngy 14/11/2008