Chapter 5 An Ninh Trong Thuong Mai Dien Tu 5231

Chng 5
AN NINH TRONG THNG MI IN T
Ni dung
13/04/2011
1 2
Cc vn v an ton trong thng mi in t Cc loi ti phm v cc dng tn cng trn mng Mt s gii php an ton trong thng mi in t
www.viethanit.edu.vn
1.1 Cc vn v an ton trong thng mi in t

13/04/2011
Mt s khi nim v an ton bo mt
- Quyn c php (Authorization): Qu trnh

m bo cho ngi c quyn ny c truy cp
vo mt s ti nguyn ca mng.
- Xc thc (Authentication): Qu trnh xc thc mt thc th xem h khai bo vi c quan xc
thc h l ai.
3 www.viethanit.edu.vn

13/04/2011
- Thu thp thng tin (Auditing): Qu trnh thu thp thng tin v cc mun truy cp vo ti nguyn no trong mng bng cch s dng quyn u tin v cc hnh ng khc. - S ring t (Confidentiality/Privacy): l bo v thng tin mua bn ca ngi tiu dng. - Tnh ton vn (Integrity): Kh nng bo v d liu khng b thay i. - Khng thoi thc (Nonrepudiation): Kh nng khng th t chi cc giao dch thc hin.

13/04/2011
Cc vn an ton bo mt c bn t ra trong TMT T gc ngi s dng:
- Lm sao bit c Web server c s hu bi mt doanh

nghip hp php? - Lm sao bit c trang Web ny khng cha ng nhng
ni dung hay m chng trnh nguy him?

- Lm sao bit c Web server khng ly thng tin ca mnh cung cp cho bn th ba?

13/04/2011
T gc doanh nghip: - Lm sao bit c ngi dng khng c nh ph
hoi hoc lm thay i ni dung ca trang Web hoc

website? - Lm sao bit c h c lm gin on hot ng ca
server hay khng?

13/04/2011
T hai pha - Bng cch no h c th bit ng truyn s khng b theo di? - Bng cch no h c th chc chn rng cc thng tin c lu chuyn gia 2 bn s khng b thay i?
1.2 Cc kha cnh ca an ninh thng mi in t

13/04/2011
Tnh ton vn - cp n kh nng m bo cho an ninh thng tin
c hin th trn mt website hoc chuyn nhn thng

tin t internet. - Cc thng tin ny khng b thay i ni dung bng bt
c cch no bi ngi ko c php

13/04/2011
Chng ph nh
- Lin quan n kh nng am bo cc bn tham gia

trong thng mi in t khng ph nh cc hnh ng trc tuyn m h thc hin

13/04/2011
Tnh xc thc - Lin quan n kh nng nhn bit cc i tc tham gia
giao dch trc tuyn trn internet

+ lm th no nhn bit c ngi bn hng trc tuyn l ngi c th khiu ni c hay nhng g khch
hng ni l ng s tht
10

13/04/2011
Tnh tin cy
- Lin quan n kh nng m bo ngoi nhng ngi c

quyn, khng ai c th xem cc thng ip v truy cp nhng d liu c gi tr
11

13/04/2011
Tnh ring t - Lin quan n vic kim sot cc thng tin c nhn m khch hng cung cp v chnh bn thn h. Ch 2 vn
:
+ cn thit lp chnh sch ni b qun l vic s dng cc thng tin v khch hng
+ Cn bo v thng tin, trnh s dng vo nhng vic

khng chnh ng

13/04/2011
Tnh ch li - Lin quan n kh nng m bo cc chc nng ca website c thc hin ng nh mong i
13
2. Cc loi ti phm v cc dng tn cng trn mng

13/04/2011
2.1 s loi ti phm trn mng internet - Gian ln trn mng
- Tn cng Cyber
- Hackers (tin tc) - Crackers
14
2.1 s loi ti phm trn mng internet

13/04/2011
- Gian ln trn mng: l hnh vi gian ln, lm gi

thu nhp bt chnh. - Tn cng Cyber: l mt cuc tn cng in t xm nhp tri php trn Internet vo mng mc tiu lm hng d liu, chng trnh v phn
cng ca cc website hoc my trm.

2.1 s loi ti phm trn mng internet

13/04/2011
- Hackers (tin tc): l thut ng ch ngi lp

trnh tm cch xm nhp tri php vo cc my
tnh v mng my tnh

- Crackers: l ngi tm cch b kho xm nhp tri php vo my tnh hay cc chng trnh
16
2.2 Nhng nguy c e da an ninh TMT

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Cc on m nguy him Tin tc v cc chng trnh ph hoi Gian ln th tn dng S la o S khc t phc v K trm trn mng S tn cng t bn trong doanh nghip
Cc on m nguy him
13/04/2011
Cc on m nguy him bao gm nhiu mi
e da khc nhau
Virus
Worm
Nhng con nga thnh t roa Bad applet
18
Cc on m nguy him
13/04/2011
Virus: l mt chng trnh my tnh, n c
kh nng nhn bn hoc t to cc bn sao ca

chnh mnh v ly lan sang cc chng trnh, cc
tp d liu khc trn my tnh nhm thc hin

mt mu no .
19
Cc on m nguy him
13/04/2011
Macro virus: chim 75% n 80% cc loi virus c pht hin. N ch nhim vo cc tp ng dng c son tho nh: MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint Virus tp: l nhng virus ly nhim vo cc tp tin c
th thc thi nh: *.exe, *.com, *.dll... N hot ng khi

chng ta thc thi cc tp tin b ly nhim bng cch t to cc bn sao ca chnh mnh trong cc tp tin khc ang
c thc thi ti thi im trn h thng.

Cc on m nguy him
13/04/2011
Virus script: l mt tp cc ch lnh trong cc
ngn ng lp trnh nh VBScript hay JavaScript.

N s hot ng khi ta chy nhng tp chng
trnh dng *.vbs hay *.js. V d: virus I LOVE

YOU Trn thc t, cc loi virus ny thng kt
ni vi cc worm
21
Cc on m nguy him
13/04/2011
Worm: l mt loi virus chuyn tm kim mi
d liu trong b nh hoc trong a lm thay i

ni dung bt k d liu no m n gp. V d: chuyn k t s hoc tro i cc byte c lu tr trong b nh.
22
Cc on m nguy him
13/04/2011
Con nga thnh t roa: bn thn n khng c
kh nng nhn bn, nhng n to c hi cho cc

virus khc xm nhp vo my tnh.
23
Cc on m nguy him
13/04/2011
Bad Applet l mt chng trnh ng dng nh c nhng trong mt phn mm thc hin mt nhim v c th lm tng kh nng tng tc ca website. Cc bad applet l on m di ng nguy him. Ngi
s dng tm kim thng tin hoc ti cc chng trnh t

website c cha bad applet s ly lan sang h thng ca ngi s dng..
24
Tin tc v chung trnh ph hoi

13/04/2011
Tin tc (Hacker): l ngi c th vit hay chnh sa phn mm, phn cng my tnh bao gm lp trnh, qun tr v bo mt. Nhng ngi ny hiu r hot ng ca h thng my tnh, mng my tnh v dng kin thc bn
thn lm thay i, chnh sa n vi nhiu mc ch tt

xu khc nhau.
25
Tin tc v chung trnh ph hoi

13/04/2011
Chng trnh ph hoi:
1/4/2001 tin tc s dng chng trnh ph hoi nhm

ph hoi tn cng vo cc my ch c s dng phn mm Internet Information Server nhm gim uy tn ca phn
mm nh hng hot hnh walt disney, nht bo ph wall

4/2001 v tn cng ca tin tc Hn Quc vo website ca b gio dc Nht Bn.
26
Gian ln th tn dng
13/04/2011
Gian ln th tn dng xy ra trong trng hp th tn
dng b mt, b nh cp, cc thng tin v s th, m s

nh danh c nhn (m PIN), cc thng tin v khch hng b tit l v s dng bt hp php.
Trong TMT, cc hnh vi gian ln th tn dng xy ra

a dng v phc tp hn
27
Gian ln th tn dng
13/04/2011
Mi e da ln nht trong TMT l vic b mt cc
thng tin lin quan n th hoc cc thng tin v s

dng th trong qu trnh din ra giao dch.
28
S la o
13/04/2011
L vic cc tin tc s dng cc a ch email hoc mo
danh 1 ngi no nhm thc hin nhng hnh ng phi

php. S la o cn lin quan n vic thay i hoc lm chch hng n website khc
29
S khc t dch v
13/04/2011
S khc t dch v ca 1 website l hu qu ca vic
cc hacker s dng nhng giao thng v ch lm trn ngp

hoc tt nghn mng truyn thng hoc s dng 1 s lng ln my tnh tn cng vo 1 mng (di dng cc yu cu
phn b dch v)
30
K trm trn mng

13/04/2011
L 1 dng ca chng trnh nghe trm, gim st s
di chuyn thng tin t trn mng.

Xem ln th in t: S dng cc on m n b mt gn vo thng ip th in t, cho php ngi xem ln
c th gim st ton b cc thng ip chuyn tip c

gi i cng vi thng ip ban u
31
S tn cng t bn trong doanh nghip

13/04/2011
L nguy c mt an ton thng tin t chnh bn trong
ni b doanh nghip hay t chc.
32
3. Mt s gii php an ton trn mng

13/04/2011
3.1
Gii php v cng ngh Gii php v chnh sch bo mt
3.2
33
3. 1 Gii php v cng ngh

13/04/2011
1 M ha thng tin 2 Ch k in t 3 Chng thc in t 4 An ton mng tng la 5 Bo v my tnh
34
3.1.1 K thut m ha thng tin

13/04/2011
Khi nim: l qu trnh chuyn vn bn hay cc ti liu gc thnh cc vn bn di dng mt m bt c ai ngoi ngi gi v ngi nhn, u khng th c c Mc ch ca k thut m ha l m bo an ninh thng tin khi truyn pht L k thut kh ph bin, c kh nng m bo 4 trong 6 kha cnh an ninh ca thng mi in t: m bo tnh
ton vn ca thng ip, chng ph nh, m bo tnh xc

thc, m bo tnh b mt ca thng tin

13/04/2011
K thut m ha c s dng t thi Ai cp c i.
Theo k thut c truyn, thng ip c m ha bng

tay, s dng phng php da trn cc ch ci ca thng ip. Gm 2 phng php
- K thut thay th
- K thut hon v
36

13/04/2011
M ha
Giai on chuyn thng tin nguyn gc ban u

thnh cc dng thng tin c m ha (gi l bn m). Gii m Thc hin bin i bn m thu li thng tin nguyn gc nh trc khi m ha.

13/04/2011
m ha v gii m cn mt gi tr c bit
gi l kha (key)
Gii m vn bn khi khng bit kha gi l
ph m
Cc thut ton m ha phi m bo vic ph m l khng th hoc cc k kh khn
38

13/04/2011
an ton ca gii thut m ha An ton v iu kin: bn m khng cha thng tin xc nh duy nht nguyn bn tng ng. Tc l khng th gii m c cho d c my tnh c tc nhanh th no i chng na. (Ch duy nht thut ton m ha n mt ln tha mn an ton v iu kin) An ton tnh ton: tha mn mt trong hai iu kin Chi ph ph m vt qu gi tr thng tin Thi gian ph m vt qu tui th thng tin
39 39 www.viethanit.edu.vn

13/04/2011
Li ch ca M ha thng tin
M ho c li cho vic bo v v xc nhn

M ho cung cp cc cng c nhn dng ngi gi, xc nhn ni dung th tn, ngn chn tnh trng ph nhn quyn s hu th tn v bo m b mt
40

13/04/2011
Hin nay c hai phng php m ha M ha i xng (b mt) M ha kha cng khai (bt i xng)
41

13/04/2011
M ha kha i xng: M ha i xng hay cn gi l m ha kha b mt l phng php m ha ch s dng 1 kha cho c qu trnh m ha v qu trnh gii m Ngi gi m kha 1 thng ip sau gi thng ip
m ha v kha b mt i xng cho ngi nhn

L phng php m ha duy nht trc nhng nm 70
42

13/04/2011
Qu trnh truyn tin s dng m kha i xng

Mt m gi (= Mt m nhn)
(Mt m nhn)
Thng ip ban u
Thng ip i m
Internet
Thng ip i m
Thng ip ban u
43

13/04/2011
Mt s phng php m ha kha i xng
M ha Ceasar
M ha Vigenere M ha hng ro M ha DES
44

Nhc im ca m ha i xng: - Trao i kha rt kh khn
13/04/2011
- Khng kim tra c gian ln mt trong hai bn

- Ch ph hp vi vic trao i thng tin din ra 2 ngi, khng ph hp vi h thng ln
- Tnh ton vn v b mt ca thng ip c th b vi

phm nu m m b l trong qu trnh chuyn gia ngi gi v ngi nhn - S lng kha ln do phi to ra cc mt m ring cho tng ngi nhn

Cng thc tnh m ha kha b mt:
13/04/2011
K = n(n-1)/2
- K: s kha trong m ha kha b mt - n: s ngi lin lc
46

13/04/2011
M ha kha cng khai: L phng php s dng 2 m kha trong qu trnh m ha. 1 kha dng m ha v 1 kha dng gii m 2 kha ny c quan h v mt thut ton sao cho d
liu c m ha bng kha ny s c gii m bng

kha kia
47

13/04/2011
Qu trnh truyn tin s dng m kha cng khai

Mt m gi ( # Mt m nhn)
(Mt m nhn)
Thng ip ban u
Thng ip i m
Internet
Thng ip i m
Thng ip ban u
Ngi gi
Ngi nhn
48

13/04/2011
M ha kha cng khai Mi ngi s dng c mt cp gm 2 kha, mt kha cng khai v mt kha b mt Kha cng khai c thng bo rng ri cho nhng ngi s dng khc trong h thng Dng m ha thng ip hoc kim tra ch k Kha b mt Ch ni gi c bit gii m thng ip hoc to ch k

M ha s dng kha cng khai
Cc kha cng khai
13/04/2011
Ted Joy Mike Alice Kha cng khai ca Alice Kha ring ca Alice
Nguyn bn u vo
Nguyn bn u ra
Bn m truyn i
Gii thut m ha
50
Gii thut gii m


Xc thc bng kha cng khai
Cc kha cng khai
13/04/2011
Ted
Joy
Mike Bob Kha cng khai ca Bob Nguyn bn u ra Bn m truyn i
Nguyn bn u vo
Kha ring ca Bob
Gii thut m ha
51
Gii thut gii m


13/04/2011
ng dng ca m ha kha cng khai
M ha/gii m m bo s b mt ca thng tin Ch k s H tr xc thc vn bn Trao i kha Cho php chia s kha phin trong m ha i xng
52

13/04/2011
u im ca m ha kha cng khai Kha m ha v gii m ring bit nn kh b l (Ch 1 ngi bit kha b mt) Khng cn phi trao i kha
53

13/04/2011
Nhc im ca m ha kha cng khai Tc x l rt chm Vic xc thc kha cng tng i kh khn
54

13/04/2011
H m ha RSA
xut bi Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir v Len

Adleman (MIT) vo nm 1977 H m ha cng khai ph dng nht L h m ha khi vi mi khi l mt s nguyn < n (Thng kch c n l 1024 bit)
55

13/04/2011
M ha Kha i xng - Nhanh
u im
Nhc im Hai kha ging nhau
- D b sung vo phn cng
- Kh phn pht kha

- Khng h tr s dng ch k s
Kha cng khai - Dng hai kha khc nhau - Tng i d phn pht kha - H tr tnh ton vn (nht qun)
- Chm v thin v tnh ton
v tnh khng t chi khi s dng

ch k s.
56

13/04/2011
La chn M ha: Xc nh r mc cn thit ca d liu v s cn thit
ko di trong bao lu
Xc nh r mc cn thit ca d liu; Xc nh r thi gian m trong d liu cn c bo v an ton, hay ni cch khc l s cn thit ca d liu cn trong bao lu (sau c th ht gi tr).
57

13/04/2011
Giao thc tha thun m ha - Giao thc tha thun m ha l qu trnh cc bn tham gia giao dch trao i m kha, giao thc t ra qui tc thng tin: loi thut ton no c s dng trong lin lc
- Phong b s ha (digital envelope): l phng php m

thng ip c m ha bng m kha b mt sau m kha b mt c m ha bng m kha cng cng. Sau
s c gi ton b cho ngi nhn

3.1.2 Ch k in t
13/04/2011
Ch k in t l bt c m thanh in t, k hiu hay qu trnh in t gn vi hoc lin quan 1 cch logic vi 1 vn bn in t khc theo 1 nguyn tc nht nh v c ngi k (hoc c nh k) vn bn thc thi hoc p dng Ch k in t l 1 phng php m kha cng cng c s dng ph bin trong thng mi in t.
59
3.1.2 Ch k in t
13/04/2011
Ch k in t l bng chng hp php dng v khng nh trch nhim ca ngi k vn bn in t v ni dung ca n, tnh nguyn gc ca vn bn in t sau khi chuyn khi ngi k n
Thc hin chc nng ging nh ch k thng thng: l

iu kin cn v qui nh tnh duy nht ca vn bn in t v xc nh r ai l ngi trch nhim trong vic ti
ra vn bn
3.1.2 Ch k in t
13/04/2011 Kha chung ca ngi nhn Thng ip gc Kha ring ca ngi nhn
Thng ip gc
Thng ip m ha
Thng ip m ha
Thng ip gc
Thng
ip
gc
M ha Sign
Gii m sign Xc nhn
Sign
ch k
M hnh hot ng ca ch k in t
61
Kha chung ca ngi k
3.1.3 Chng thc in t

13/04/2011
- Cc bn giao dch TMT u mun chc chn rng

i tc ca mnh l xc thc, kha cng khai v ch k in t ng l ca i tc, khng ai c th gi danh i
tc thc hin giao dch

- Cc c quan chng nhn (Certificate Authority CA) s ng ra xc thc ch k in t (hay kha cng khai)
l ca c nhn hay t chc c th v duy nht

- c xc thc, c nhn hay t chc phi cung cp cho c quan chng nhn chng c nh danh ca mnh
3.1.3 Chng thc in t

13/04/2011
C quan chng nhn cn c vo to mt thng ip gi l chng thc in t (digital certificate) bao gm cc thng tin:
Tn ca c nhn hoc t chc Kha cng khai S nh danh ca chng thc in t Thi hn hiu lc Ngy cp Ch k ca c quan chng nhn Cc thng tin nhn dng khc
3.1.3 Chng thc in t

13/04/2011
Cc chng thc in t l c s ca giao thc an ton
giao dch in t
Tp hp h thng cc c quan chng nhn v cc th tc chng thc in t c tt c cc i tng tham gia
TMT chp nhn hnh thnh c s h tng kha cng

khai (Public Key Infrastructure PKI)
64
3.1.3 Chng thc in t

13/04/2011 T chc C nhn
Yu cu cp chng nhn
Nhn chng nhn
C quan chng nhn Tham gia giao dch mua bn trc tuyn
65
3.1.3 Chng thc in t

13/04/2011
Phn loi Loi 1, n gin nht v n bao gm cc thng tin kim tra ti thiu nh tn, a ch v a ch email. Sau khi c kim tra, s nhn c mt giy chng nhn s ho. Loi 2, bao gm cc thng tin v bng li xe, s bo him x hi v ngy sinh. Loi 3, bao gm cc thng tin ca loi 2 v sc tn dng. Loi 4 bao gm cc thng tin v chc v ca c nhn trong t chc, ng thi vic xc nhn khng nht thit chm dt ch vi cc thng tin ny.
3.1.4 An Ninh mng Bc tng la

13/04/2011
An ninh mng - Mc tiu ca an ninh mng l ch cho php ngi s dng
c php truy cp thng tin v dch v ng thi ngn cn

ngi s dng khng c php truy cp vo h thng.
67
3.1.4 An ninh mng Bc tng la

13/04/2011
Bc tng la
- L phng php cn bn p dng trong an ninh h thng
- Bo v mng lan khi nhng ngi xm nhp t bn

ngoi - L 1 phn mm hoc phn cng cho php ngi s dng mng my tnh ca 1 t chc c th truy cp ti nguyn ca mt mng khc nhng ng thi ngn cn nhng ngi s dng khc truy cp vo mng my tnh
68

13/04/2011
c im ca bc tng la
- Tt c cc giao thng bn trong mng my tnh i ra
ngoi v ngc li u phi i qua

- Ch cc giao thng c php, theo qui nh an ninh ca mng my tnh mi c i qua - Khng c php thm nhp vo chnh h thng ny
69

13/04/2011
Phn loi
- Tng la lc gi
- Cng ng dng
- Cng mc mch
70
3.1.5 Bo v my tnh
Chc nng t bo v ca h iu hnh Authorization: cp php s dng cc ti nguyn cho user Accounting: ghi li nht k truy cp ca user Phn mm dit virus Nhn bit v tiu dit hu ht cc loi virus thng thng ngay khi
13/04/2011
Authentication: kim tra username, password ca user ng nhp
chng xm nhp vo my tnh hoc n np trn a cng

Phi c cp nht thng xuyn mi c kh nng pht hin v tiu dit cc loi virus mi lin tc xut hin Phn mm h thng pht hin xm nhp D tm v nhn bit nhng cng c m tin tc thng dng hoc cc hnh ng kh nghi
3.2 Chnh sch bo mt

13/04/2011
1
2
S cn thit Mt s chnh sch Trin khai
72

Chapter 5 An Ninh Trong Thuong Mai Dien Tu 5231

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Chapter 5 An Ninh Trong Thuong Mai Dien Tu 5231

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Chng 5

AN NINH TRONG THNG MI IN T

1.1 Cc vn v an ton trong thng mi in t

Mt s khi nim v an ton bo mt

- Quyn c php (Authorization): Qu trnh

1.1 Cc vn v an ton trong thng mi in t

1.1 Cc vn v an ton trong thng mi in t

Cc vn an ton bo mt c bn t ra trong TMT T gc ngi s dng:

- Lm sao bit c Web server c s hu bi mt doanh

ni dung hay m chng trnh nguy him?

1.1 Cc vn v an ton trong thng mi in t

T gc doanh nghip: - Lm sao bit c ngi dng khng c nh ph

hoi hoc lm thay i ni dung ca trang Web hoc

server hay khng?

1.1 Cc vn v an ton trong thng mi in t

1.2 Cc kha cnh ca an ninh thng mi in t

Tnh ton vn - cp n kh nng m bo cho an ninh thng tin

c hin th trn mt website hoc chuyn nhn thng

c cch no bi ngi ko c php

1.2 Cc kha cnh ca an ninh thng mi in t

- Lin quan n kh nng am bo cc bn tham gia

1.2 Cc kha cnh ca an ninh thng mi in t

Tnh xc thc - Lin quan n kh nng nhn bit cc i tc tham gia

giao dch trc tuyn trn internet

1.2 Cc kha cnh ca an ninh thng mi in t

- Lin quan n kh nng m bo ngoi nhng ngi c

1.2 Cc kha cnh ca an ninh thng mi in t

+ Cn bo v thng tin, trnh s dng vo nhng vic

1.2 Cc kha cnh ca an ninh thng mi in t

2. Cc loi ti phm v cc dng tn cng trn mng

2.1 s loi ti phm trn mng internet - Gian ln trn mng

2.1 s loi ti phm trn mng internet

- Gian ln trn mng: l hnh vi gian ln, lm gi

cng ca cc website hoc my trm.

2.1 s loi ti phm trn mng internet

- Hackers (tin tc): l thut ng ch ngi lp

tnh v mng my tnh

2.2 Nhng nguy c e da an ninh TMT

Cc on m nguy him bao gm nhiu mi

Virus: l mt chng trnh my tnh, n c

kh nng nhn bn hoc t to cc bn sao ca

tp d liu khc trn my tnh nhm thc hin

th thc thi nh: *.exe, *.com, *.dll... N hot ng khi

c thc thi ti thi im trn h thng.

Virus script: l mt tp cc ch lnh trong cc

ngn ng lp trnh nh VBScript hay JavaScript.

trnh dng *.vbs hay *.js. V d: virus I LOVE

Worm: l mt loi virus chuyn tm kim mi

d liu trong b nh hoc trong a lm thay i

Con nga thnh t roa: bn thn n khng c

kh nng nhn bn, nhng n to c hi cho cc

s dng tm kim thng tin hoc ti cc chng trnh t

Tin tc v chung trnh ph hoi

thn lm thay i, chnh sa n vi nhiu mc ch tt

Tin tc v chung trnh ph hoi

Chng trnh ph hoi:

1/4/2001 tin tc s dng chng trnh ph hoi nhm

mm nh hng hot hnh walt disney, nht bo ph wall

Gian ln th tn dng xy ra trong trng hp th tn

dng b mt, b nh cp, cc thng tin v s th, m s

Trong TMT, cc hnh vi gian ln th tn dng xy ra

Mi e da ln nht trong TMT l vic b mt cc

thng tin lin quan n th hoc cc thng tin v s

th thc thi nh: .exe, .com, *.dll... N hot ng khi

trnh dng .vbs hay .js. V d: virus I LOVE