J

EF

? ? - ?

K?

K
K

KW

KW
KW
W
K K

K
K

KW

KW

W

W
KK

--

EF

KEK{F

KEK{F

KEK{F
--

KEMultimeterF

KEDigitalFEAnalogF

KE{{F

KE{{F

WK
K K

W K

EDC.currentF
K

--

EAC.currentF
K

EDC.voltF
K

EAC.voltF
K

EOhmsF
K

K K

KE{F

KE{F
--

K K

K K

E{F

E{F

E600FEDC.voltFEK{F
WE55FE60FEK{F
V

600 * 55
= 550v
60

E{F

E10FEOhmsFEK{F

WEF

--

R = 10 * 50 = 500

E{F

W
K

KEF

KE{FE{F

KE{F

--

KE{F

W
WEoscilloscopeF

KEK{F

K
8 K1cm
K10

K K

--

EK{F

WEFocusFEIntens.F K
K

EK{F

KETime/DivF K

EK{F

EX-pos.F K
EY-pos.F
K

--

EK{F

EVolt/DivF K
K

EK{F

EACFEDC/AC/GNDF K
KEGNDFEDCF

EK{F

ECH.1/CH.2F K
K

--

EK{F

EDualF21
ECH.1/2F K
KETrigFEAddF

EK{F

KEInvertF K

EK{F

EprobesF

- -

KEK{F

KEK{F

EGNDF

KEACFEDCF EGNDF
- -

E{FWE{F

EVpFEVp.pF

E{F

ETime/DivFW
4*0.1=0.4sec

WE0.1s/cmF

1
1
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T 0.4

E1V/cmFEVolt/DivF
Vp.p Z 4*1=4volt WEVp.pF

Vp = 2*1=2volt EVpF

EOscilloscopeF

- -

K
K

E{F

- -

W
K
K

W
KFunction Generator
KOscilloscope

K
f KT
KHz

T =

1
f

KVmax
KVmin

Vp
K

EVp.p =2VpFVp.p

K3600

- -

E2x10-3 sFWE{F
f

1
1
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= 500 Hz
T 2 x10 3

E{F

50HzK
K

K20000Hz1Hz - 100 Hz

K
W
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= 0.707 A

KW Aeff

K A

- -

KE{F

K Veff

220
= 220v

W
EF K
KDC

50Hz Amplitude K

rms Peak

1MHz K

rms Peak
K

DC K
KOffset
- -

DC K
K Offset

AC K

50HZAmplitude

Kpeak

1MHz
K

Peak

DC K
50HZAmplitude

Peak

1MHz K
Peak
K

- -

EfF

EVpF

EVrmsF

EfF

EVpF

EVrmsF
+DC Offset Max
-DC Offset Max

EfF

EVpF

EfF

EVpF

EfF

EVpF

EfF

EVpF

WE{F

660volt

U eff
660 = 0.707 * U

= 0.707U

U =

660
= 935volt
0.707

- -

W
50Hz 12A K
K

KE{F

- -

E{F K

KW
KW
KW
W
K J

J
K

K
K

KW

KW

W

W
KK

- -

EIF
EVF

K ERF
K

E
W

E{F
W
K K
K K

K K
K K

KE15F K
W
KE{F K
K K
K K

- -

EF

EF

EF

K
K

KE{F

W
KEI~VF
W

tan =

I
1
=
V R

- -

E
W

E{F
W
.EV=10 voltF K
K K

K K
K K

K K

W
E{F K
KE10 vF

KE2,4,6,8,12F K

K K

WW
EF EF EF

- -

KE{F
W

KEI~1/RF

R =V

I
I = V
R

V = IR

100 K
220

I = V W
R

I = 220 = 2.2 A
100

110
K
2

R =V
I

R = 110 = 55
2

- -

W
K K

KEF K

KEF K
K K

K K

K K
W
VRI
K
KR(V/I)

V = IR

K
K

- -

E{F

W
KE{F K
K
K

K
VI

K
KR1

KR2 K

WKR
R = R1 + R2

WKR
1

1
1
+
R1 R 2

R' =

R1 R2
R1 + R2

R'
V

R
V

R2

- -

R1
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KI,V

KWR1

K2WR2

W2

KR1,R2R

KR1,R2R'

WR

R = R1 + R2

WR'
R' =

R1 R2
R1 + R 2

- -

W
K
K K

K R1=10 , R2=20 K

KE20,4,5F
K

E{F K

KEK{F

KEK{F

- -

KW

KW
KW
W
K J
K J

J
K

KW

KW

W
K

- -

K
K

W
W

K
K

K
K

KFunction Generator
KOscilloscope

KMulti-meter
KTest Board

KER1=470, R2=R3=1000, R4=2200, R5=1F

- -

W
W

1KHz K
KVrmz=5V

KE{F K

KR1,R4 K

KVs,VR4,VR1EF K

R2,R3,R4 K
KVR2,VR3,VR4

R1 A K
KA

R2,R3B K

BK

R4 CK
KC

R5A K

R5

KKIs

R4 K
KR4 3V

W
- -

VR1=
VR4=
V5=

VR2=
VR3=
VR4=

IR1=
IR2=
IR4=

VR5=
Vs=

VR=3V
Vs=

KE{F K

E{F

KV R3R2R1 K
KR3R2R1

KLR1 , R2 K

V KE{FRe K
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- -

E{F

PE{F K
K

E{F

VE{F K

E{F

- -

E{F K

E{F
E{FR K

E{F

E{F R K
K

E{F

K K

- -

KEF

KEF


KEF

KKEFW

KEFW

W
K

W
K J

K J

J
K

K K

KW

KW

W
K

- -


KEF

EF
W
K K
K K

W
K K

KEF K
KCircuit Breaker K
KRelay K

K K
K K

K
K

K K

KK K

K

K

- -


KEF

150%

75%K
K

KE{FK

- -


KEF

KE{F

KE{F120

KE{F

E{F

KE{F

KE{F
- -


KEF

KE{F

K
K

EF K
K

W K
K

K
KE{F

E{F

K K
- -


KEF

K
KE{F

E{F

K K

K
KE{F

E{F

K K
- -


KEF

K K

KEF K

K K
K K

K K

KE{F

E{F
- -


KEF

KE{F

KE{F

KE{F

- -


KEF

E{F

- -


KEF

KE{F

W
E{F

K
K

W
K K

K
K

K K
K K

Kox.or K

K K
K K

- -


KEF

V1(v)

20%
v1 rated

K K

40% 60% 80% 100% 110% 120%

P0(w)
I0(A)
V2(v)
cos0=P0/V1.I0
Ia=I0cos0
Im=I0cos0
R0=V1/Ia
X0=V1/Im
A=V1/V2

- -

- -

KW
KW
W
K

W
K K

K K

KW

KW

W
K
K K
K

K K
W
K

- -

Semiconductor diode characteristics

K(IAK)(VAK)

KEpeak reverse voltage "PRB")

KEVak vs. IakF

W
W

K(VAK vs. IAK) K

K(VAK vs. IAK ) K

K K

KEF(VOM) K
K
K

K K

KSPST K
- -

W
KE{F K

KE{F

VOM KE?0"F K
EIAK FKEVAKF
K

E0 mAF K
KEIAKF

KEIAKFE0 mAFVOM EVAKF K

VAK
IAK
0
(mA)

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

- -

EVAKF(5 mA) EIAK F K

K

KEVAKF(10 mA) EIAKF K

KEIAKF

KE0 V F K
EVAKIAKF K
K

E{F K

(IAK) (0 v) K
K

VAK
IAK

IAK3V, 2V , 1VVAK K
K

K K

- -

Semiconductor half-wave rectifiers

K
K
K

Oscilloscope

KK

W
K K
K K
K K

W
KVOM K
K K

Oscilloscope K
diode K
K

K
- -

W
WE{F K

E{F

ErmsFKVOM

Vr.m.s =

C-FKEVOMF
VDC=

vKEB

KEHz F

KEAFEB FEprobeF

K
K

KEA-BF

KEBFECF

KEC-BF

K
K

- -

K
K

K K
K K

K K

W
KEFvom K

K K
K

K K

- -

W
KE{F K
K

KE{F

(A-B , B-C)LvomL K
v
VA-B=
VB-C=
v
V(A-B) (D1) K
v(B-C)(D2)

(0.637)(D1) K
Vdc

Vdc(D2)
K(RL)(VOM ) K

Vdc
K K

- -

K(A) (B) (probe) K

K K

(C) (B) K

K (D) K

KK

- -

- -

KW

KW
KW
W
K K

K K

K
K

K K

KW

KW

KW

W
K

- -

W
K K
K K

K K
K K

K K

K K

W

KE{F

E{F

- -

KKKE{F

KE{F

W
K K
W

K K

K K

K K

K K

- -

W K
K
K

:Bevel Metal Joints K

KEF{

KE{F

K
KEF

KK
K

K
K

K
K

KK K
- -

K K
K

K
K

K K

EFCarburizing Flame

K K

Oxidizing Flame
K
K

KE{F

WW K

Forehand Welding K
KEF

Backhand Welding K

K
- -

KE{F

KEF

K
K

K K

KE{F
- -

W K

- -

W
K K
K K

K K
K K

K K
W
K K

K
K

K K
K

EF K

K
K

- -

E{F

WW K
K K

K K

K K

K
K

WTravel Speed K

K
K
K
- -

W
K K
K K
K K

W
K K
K K

K K

K
K

K K
K

KEF K

K
K

KK

K K

- -

K K
K
K
K

KEFK K
KK

KK
WK
K K
K K

K K

K K
K
K K
K K

- -

- -

KW

KW
KW

W

J
K

J
K

J
K

KW

KW

W
K
W K

K K
K K

W
K
- -

K
K

K
KE{FK

KE{F

E{F

KE{F




- -

KE0.02mmF

KE{F

E{F

KE1+(1*0.25)+(0.4*0.25)+(11*0.001)FE{F

E{F

E{F

KE{F

- -

KE{F

E{F
W

KE{F K

- -

KE{F

W

K
KE50 100F

KE{FK
KE{F

KE{F
- -

KE{F

K K

K







- -

- -

K
K

FOS, Welding, 1974, 2nd ed., Deere & Co. K

- -

K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KW
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KKW
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KW
K K K K K K K K K K KKEFW
K K K K K K K K K KKW
K K K K K K K K K K K K KKW
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KW
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K

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