(EEDI)

, 2011

-2-


(EEDI)

:
:

, 2011

-3-

-4-


.
,
.
. , Technical Director Atlantic Bulk Carriers Management Ltd .

-5-

-6-


(Energy Efficiency Design Index EEDI).

(International Maritime Organization ,IMO)

, .
EEDI, ,
(MEPC) .

EEDI
EEDI.
EEDI.

.
,
EEDI,
.

Abstract
This thesis discusses the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI).
This index is part of the design measures undertaken by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for limiting |Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) and
is the first international measure adopted for reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from shipping.
This paper identifies the historical development of EEDI, from initial
conception to date, within the Marine Environment Protection Committee
(MEPC) of IMO. Then, the factors that constituting the index EEDI are record-

-7-

ed in detail and is also analyzed the effect of each one into the formula of index EEDI.
The work indicates number of existing energy-saving technologies
and how they affect the EEDI.
The work identifies any weaknesses of the EEDI and their negative
impact in shipping.
Finally outstanding issues are being recorded, the resolution of
which would further raise the index EEDI, to mitigate the negative impacts and
to enhance the implementation of the entire world fleet.

-8-


.................................................................................................................... 5

..................................................................................................................... 7

Abstract

..................................................................................................................... 7

11

1. 1: .

15

1.1.

15

1.2.

16

1.3.

18

1.4.

19

1.5. /
.
1.6.

/ EEDI.

24

2. 2: EEDI
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.

27

27

27

27

28

53 MEPC: 18- 23 2005.

55 MEPC: 9- 13 2006.
56 MEPC: 9- 13 2007.
57 MEPC: 31 - 4 2008.

2.5.
:23-27 . 2008.
2.6.

22

58 MEPC: 6 - 10 2008

2.7.
: 9 13 .

30
31
32

2.8.

59 MEPC: 13- 17 2009.

32

2.9.

60 MEPC: 22-26 2010.

33

2.10. 61 MEPC: 27 - 01 2010.

34

2.11. 62 MEPC: 11- 15 2011

34

3. 3: EEDI/

37

4. 4:
EEDI.

47

4.1.

47

4.2.

47

4.3.

48

-9-

4.4.

5. 5: D

49
55

5.1.

55

5.2.

55

5.3. (attained
EEDI).

56

5.4. (required
EEDI).

57

5.5.

59

5.6.

60

5.7.

60

5.8.

61

5.9.

61

5.10. .

61

5.11. .

62

6. 6:
EEDI

63

6.1.

Vref.

64

6.2.

MCRME.

64

6.3.

PAE (Power Take Ins) .

65

6.4.

(Power Take Offs) O.

66

6.5.

( DWT) .

66

6.6.

(SFC) .

67

6.7.

68

6.8.

fw.

69

6.9.

fj.

70

6.10. fi.
7. 7:
EEDI
7.1.

71
72
72

7.2. ,
PME Vref .

73

7.2.1. .

75

7.2.2. .

75

7.2.3. .

75

-10-

7.2.4. (skeg).

76

7.2.5. .

76

7.2.6. (interceptor trim plates).

76

7.2.7. .

77

7.2.8. (lightship) .

77

7.2.9. .

77

7.2.10. .

78

7.3. (
) .

78

7.3.1. .

79

7.3.1.1.

79

7.3.1.2.

80

7.3.1.3.

80

7.3.1.4.

Flettner.

80

7.3.2. .

81

7.4. (
) .

81

7.4.1. .

82

7.4.2. (LNG).

82

7.4.3. .

82

7.5.

83

7.6.

84

8. 8:
EEDI/ .

85

8.1.

85

8.2.

88

8.3.

(Lightship).

89

8.4.

CO2 .

89

8.5.

93

8.5.1. .

93

8.5.2. .

94

8.5.3. .

94

8.6.

(Power Take Offs).

94

8.7.

EEDI .

95

8.8.

EEDI .

96

8.9.

96

-11-

8.10. .

97

8.11. .

98

8.12. Vref (Sea Trails).

99

8.13. EEDI .

101

8.14. / .

102

9. 9: -

103

9.1.

R CO2.

103

9.2.

fw.

103

9.3. EEDI,
.

104

9.4. , ,
.

104

9.5.
, RO-RO ( , , )
- .

104

9.6.
2
3.

104

9.7. . CO2
(wind propulsion systems).

105

9.8.
.

105

9.9.
.

106

10.

10:

107

-12-


2011, (Marine Environment Protection Committee, MEPC) (International Maritime Organization, IMO)
(Greenhouse
Gas, GHG) ,
(Annex) VI MARPOL.
(Energy Efficiency Design Index, EEDI) , .
(Energy Efficiency Design Index EEDI).
EEDI,
.
.
,

.
, ,
EEDI.
EEDI,
.
EEDI
.

, .

-13-

 EEDI, IV MARPOL.
EEDI .
,
EEDI .
, EEDI .
,
EEDI .

EEDI.

-14-

1.

1: .

1.1.

.
o . -

, . , , -20 oC
. ,
15 oC, .
( CO2
) ''
, , .
,
1966 , .
- ,
.
30% ,
6% , 3% 4% .
70% , 16%
(
), 3% (51%)
.
, , .
,
. , ,
Fourier
1822 .

-15-



15C.

1: (: www.wikipedia.org)

,
,
.
1.2.

: (36-70%), (9-26%),
(4-9%) (3-7%). (N2O), (HCFCs) (PFCs),
(HFCs) (SF6).
,
,
, 31% 1998.
,
,
,
[1].

-16-

 " " , , ,
(CO2). CO2
. 1750 1998.

1: (: (IPCC)

1998

1750

365 ppm

87 ppm

1,745 ppb

1,045 ppb

314 ppb

44 ppb

2

.

2: [1]

CO2
550 (parts
parts per million)

-17-

 .
, 80% [2].

1.3.

.

. 1960 1970 CO2 ,
. , ,
.
1988, (UNEP)
(IPCC).
1990,
400 . ,
.

- (United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change,
UNFCCC).

( ) 1992
.
- , ,
.
,
1997, -
(United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC).

-18-

 37 , (GHG).
7 UNFCC (7th Conference of
the Parties, COP 7) 2001, " ". 16 2005.

, ,
(). , UNFCCC.

1.4.

.
-

, , .
, .
,
CO2 ,
90% .
,
, 2000, 1996, 1,8% CO2.
, 2009, 870 , 2,7% CO2, 2007.

-19-

 3: CO2
(: Second GHG IMO Study 2009)

4: CO2 (: Second GHG IMO Study 2009)

.
, ,

-20-

(IPCC). ,
CO2 , ,
, 2.4 3.0 2050.
2020, , 1.1 1.3,
,
.

5: ( )
(:
Second GHG IMO Study 2009)

, (2nd GHG IMO Study 2009) , .

CO2 2. o CO2 ,
.

-21-

 2: CO2
( 2nd GHG IMO Study 2009)

( )

CO2/ - -

2 50%+

2 20%

5 15%
*

5 15%

1 10%

CO2

10 50%+

25 75%+

0%

( )
, logistics

5 50%+

1 10%

1 10%

10 50%+

* CO2, .
.

1.5.
/
.
()
(GHG) '80. ,
.
, , , .

-22-

 GHG .
1997
MARPOL, 1997
MARPOL ( VI MARPOL)
8 CO2 . (Marine
Environment Protection Committee, MEPC) CO2,
CO2
. ,
UNFCCC, CO2 ,
CO2 ,
CO2.
O IMO, A.963 (23) , 2003,
,
(MEPC) ,
, :

, -

, . MEPC CO2
, .

-23-

 MEPC ,
.
,
(GHG) , 2011,
, , 2011.

1.6.

/ EEDI.
, MEPC,

(Energy Efficiency Design Index, EEDI). EEDI , (. CO2) , , .

6: EEDI

CO2
,

-24-

. .
EEDI CO2 (.., , , , , ..)
. EEDI "
CO2 -", "" , . , "" (deadweight).
EEDI CO2
, . EEDI ,
EEDI , ,
(baseline), 1999 2009.
EEDI
( ) EEDI.
,

7: ( ) EEDI (: Activities, ABS December 2010).

-25-

 EEDI, ,
2025 2030,
30% . 10%

.
EEDI :

, .

, .

, .
EEDI ,
, . ,
, .

-26-

2. 2: EEDI
A.963 (23) ,
(MEPC), .
.

2.1.

53 MEPC: 18- 23 2005.

CO2,
.

.

2.2.

55 MEPC: 9- 13 2006.
, ,

CO2 ,
,
, .

CO2,
, CO2
(MEPC/Circ.471, 2005) CO2.

2.3.

56 MEPC: 9- 13 2007.
MEPC, ,

2000, (2000 IMO GHG Study)

.
:

-27-

,
.

- , , .

, .
59
MEPC.

2.4.

57 MEPC: 31 - 4 2008.
GHG

. CO2 ,
CO2, MEPC 58.
MEPC
(GHG) , :

-28-

, ,

.

, (Working Group on GHG Emissions from Ships)
, , MEPC 57 , :

CO2 ,

MEPC 58.


CO2 (MEPC/Circ.471), MEPC 58
CO2,. .

CO2 ,
1:
Index =

Fuel Consumptio n Output of M.engine (1 + k2 ) CO2 conversion

DWT Maximum Speed k1

International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2008, CO2 emissions index per unit shipping ca-

-29-

2.5.
:23-27 2008.
H , (Working Group
on GHG Emissions from Ships)
57 MEPC. 210 , .
,
, CO2 . .
, ,
(efficiency) ,
1995 2005.
, , MEPC
2008 (MEPC 58).
, MEPC 58.
, MEPC 58
CO2
.
O CO2 , 2:

Attained design CO2 Index =

nME

j =1

i =1

fj

NAE

k =1

i =1

C FME(i) SFC ME(i) PME(i) + fk C FAEi SFC AEi PAEi

Capacity Vref

International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2008, Assigning an attained and a required design CO2 index to a ship, GHW-WG 1/2/1.

-30-

2.6.

58 MEPC: 6 - 10 2008.
MEPC

,
.
(Common But Differentiated Responsibility, CBDR),
' UNFCCC. ,


UNFCCC.
, ,
, ,
, , . , UNFCCC,

,
.
CO2 (Design
CO2 Index) (Energy Efficiency Design Index, EEDI).
, (EEDI) , .
2009,
MEPC 59 .

-31-

O ,
3:
nWHR
M nME

nPTI

neff

fj CFMEiSFCMEiPMEi + PAECFAESFC*AE + PPTIi PWHRiCFAESFCAE fef )PeffCFMEiSFCMEi

i =1

i =1

i =1

j =1 i =1
fi Capacity Vref fw

2.7.

: 9 13 .
, ,


.
, .
EEDI
,
, .

59 MEPC .

2.8.

59 MEPC: 13- 17 2009.

MEPC

(Second IMO GHG Study on greenhouse gas emissions from ships,
2009).


(GHG) .

International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2008, Report of the marine environment protection committee on its fifty-eighth session, MEPC 58/23 16.

-32-


(EEDI), :

(Interim Guidelines on the method of calculation of

the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships) (MEPC.1/Circ.681).

(Interim guidelines for voluntary verification of

the EEDI) (MEPC.1/Circ.682).
, (MEPC 60)
2010, ,
, .
O , ,
4:
neff
M nPTI
neff
M nME

f Peff(i ) CFME SFC

fj PME(i ) CFME(i ) SFC
+ (PAE CFAE SFC
*) +fj PPTI(i ) feff(i ) PAEeff(i ) CFAE SFC
ME( i )
AE
AE eff( i )
ME
i
=
1
i
=
1
i
=
1
j
=
1

j =1 i =1

fi
Capacity

Vref fw

2.9.

60 MEPC: 22-26 2010.

, EEDI:

, Loyds Register (LRFP database).

, ,

EEDI VI
MARPOL. VI MARPOL, .

International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2009, Interim guidelines on the method

of calculation of the energy efficiency design index for new ships, MEPC.1/Circ.681.

-33-

EEDI,
MEPC.1/Circ.682.

, EEDI.

2.10.

61 MEPC: 27 - 01 2010.
, ,

EEDI , .

,
, . , ,
, (MEPC 62) 2011, 16.2 () arpol 73/78.
:

EEDI, EEDI .

EEDI, -

MEPC.1/ Circ. 682.

2.11.

EEDI.

62 MEPC: 11- 15 2011.

EEDI -

VI MARPOL EEDI . ,
, VI MARPOL . -

-34-

 , , 48 5 ,
VI MARPOL.
EEDI
1 2013, ,
,
MEPC.

VI MARPOL. ,
,
.
, 2017, () .

, ,

EEDI,
EEDI.

-35-

3. 3: EEDI/ 5

, PC 59,
:
neff
M neff
neff
M nME

fj PME( i ) CFME( i ) SFCME( i ) + (PAE CFAE SFCAE *) +fj PPTI( i ) feff( i ) PAEeff( i ) CFAE SFCAE feff( i ) Peff( i ) CFME SFCME
j
=
1
i
=
1
i
=
1
i
=
1

j=1 i=1

fi
Capacity

Vref fw

*
, SFCME
SFCAE, .
/
:
. CF :
, (gr)
CO2, (gr),
. ME ( i ) AE ( i )
. CF ,
Engine International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate ().

CF :

1. / Gas Oil
2. (LFO)
3. (HFO)
4.
(LPG)
5.
(LNG)

ISO 8217 Grades DMX through

DMC
ISO 8217 Grades RMA through
RMD
ISO 8217 Grades RME through
RMK

CF
(t- CO2/t- Fuel)

0,875

3,206000

0,86

3,151040

0,85

3,114400

0,819
0,817

3,000000
3,030000

0,75

2,750000

International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2010, Report of the outcome of the Intersessional Meeting of the Working Group on Energy Efficiency Measures for Ships, MEPC
61/5/3 7

-37-

. Vref : ,
(knot), , (capacity),
(), , (), , . ,
. .
. Capacity

() : :

(1). , ,
, (container-

ship), ro- ro , (DWT).

(2). ro-ro , (gross tonnage),
1969, , 3.

(3). (containership) Capacity , 70%

(DWT).
. (deadweight): , ,
, 1,025 kg/m3,

(lightweight).
. P : ,
KW.

ME

AE

. i ,

(nME ).

-38-

PAEeff

PAE

K.

.
(2.5% )

(250 w)

8: [26]

(1). PME(i) : 75% (rated)

(MCR) (i) , :

PME(i ) = 0,75 (MCRMEi PPToi)

PME(i), 75%
.
PME(i)

-39-

 9:

(2).

PME(i)

PPToi : 75% -

, .

(3).

P PTI

(i ) : 75% -

,
() ().

()/ (PTO),
.

(4).

Peff(i) : 75% . -

, . , ,
.

-40-

(5). PAEeff( i ) : ,
.

(6). PAE : ,
, ,
,
, , , , , , ( Vreff ) (Capacity).

10.000 KW PAE :
nME

PAE( MCRME>10000KW ) = 0,025 MCRMEi + 250

i=1

10.000 KW PAE :
nME

PAE ( MCRME <10000 KW ) = 0,05 MCRMEi

i =1

, -

, PAE
,
, PAE ( )
( Vreff ),
, .
. V ref , Capacity

( , EEDI, -

-41-

 , ).
. SFC :
, g/kWh. ME( i) AE( i ) .
2 3

2008, SFCME(i )

, 75% MCR
. D2 C1 2008,

(SFC )

ME(i )

, 50% MCR .
PAE , , ,
, -

SFCME(i ) , 75%
PAE .
SFC AE ,

SFCAE (i ) , i .
,
130 kW, SFC
.
. fj :
.

(1). fj ice- classed

, fj0 fj,min 1, fj,max = 1.0 .

-42-

 fj ice- classed
3.
3: fj ice- classed

fj,min ice- class

fj0

IC

IB

IA

IA Super

1,87

0,516 LPP
/o

0,72 LPP

nME

MCR

0 ,06

0,61 LPP

0 ,08

0,40 LPP

0 ,12

0 ,10

0,58 LPP

0 ,08

0 ,06

0 ,10

0,39 LPP

0 ,15

0,50 LPP

ME( i )

i =1

1,58

2,150 LPP

MCR

0 ,02

0,78 LPP

0 ,04

0,68 LPP

ME( i )

i =1

0 ,0450 LPP

0,89 LPP

nME

nME

2 ,37

MCRME ( i )

0,85 LPP

0 ,03

0,70 LPP

0 ,06

0,54 LPP

i =1

fj 1,0.

(2). fj shuttle
(propulsion redundancy) f j = 0 ,77 . shuttle
80.000 160.000 DWT. Shuttle
. , . ,
. ,

. , fj 1,0.

-43-

. f w : , ,
(..

Beaufort 6) :

(1).
.

() .

(2). , fw o /
fw . / fw ,

,
"Capacity " / f w ,
, ,
.

(3). fw (1)
( (1)) / f w ( (2)) .
. feff ( i ) : . ,

feff( i ) (1).

. f i : / (1), .

-44-

(1). (capacity) fi
ice- classed , fi 0
fi ,max 4, fi ,min = 1.0 .

(2). f i .
, , :

(DWT )/ (DWT )
1.0,
.
DWT DWT . DWT DWT,

.
fi ice- classed

fi 4.
4: ice- classed

fi,max iceclass

fi 0
IC

0 ,00115 LPP
capacity

IB

3 ,36

0 ,000665 LPP
capacity

3 ,44

0 ,000676 LPP
capacity

3 ,44

0 ,1749 LPP
capacity

2 ,29

0 ,1749 LPP
capacity

2 ,33

IA

IA Super

1,31 LPP

0 ,05

1,54 LPP

0 ,07

1,80 LPP

0 ,09

2,10 LPP

0 ,11

1,31 LPP

0 ,05

1,54 LPP

0 ,07

1,80 LPP

0 ,09

2,10 LPP

0 ,11

1,0

1,08

1,0

1,25 LPP

0 ,04

-45-

1,12

1,25

1,25 LPP

0 ,04

1,60 LPP

0 ,08

1,60 LPP

0 ,08

2 ,10 LPP

2 ,10 LPP

0 ,12

1,0

0 ,12

 fi 1.
. L PP : , 96%
85% , , ,
,
, . , .
Lpp .

-46-

4.
4:
EEDI6.
.

4.1.

,
.
, ,
.

, :

= a

-C

c ,
.


.

, . .

4.2.

.
,

, 400 GT,
1 1999 1 2009,
Lloyd's Register Fairplay (IHSF).

International Maritime Organization (IMO), Report of the Working Group on Energy Efficiency Measures for Ships, MEPC 61/WP.10 Annex 2.

-47-

 , , IHSF, :

(capacity).

Vref .

PME(i) .

,
.
,
.
, ,
. ,

.
,
, 15
.
, .

4.3.

.
-

, , .
:

(1). , :
CF,ME = CF,AE = CF = 3 ,1144 gCO2 /g fuel .

-48-

(2).
,
SFC ME = 190 g/kWh

(3). PME(i)
3 (1).

(4).
, SFC AE = 215 g/kWh .

(5). P AE
4.1 (6). , , PAE
,
IHSF, 0,35.

(6). fj , fi f w
1.

(7). ,
, , PAEeff = 0, PPTI = 0 , Peff = 0 .

(8).
:
190
= 3.1144

4.4.

NME

MEi

+ 215 PAE

i =1

Capacity Vref

.
c ,

, 57. R,
:
7

International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2011, Report of the marine environment protection committee on its sixty-second session, MEPC 62/24/Add.1

-49-

 5: c
,

400 GT

961.79

0.477

0.9289

2512

16

400 GT

1120.00

0.456

0.9446

354

400 GT

1218.80

0.488

0.9574

3655

14

400 GT

174.22

0.200

0.6191

2406

32

400 GT

107.48

0.216

0.3344

2086

47

400 GT

227.01

0.244

0.5130

61

400 GT

1219.00

0.488

0.9575

-50-

 8:

10:

11:

International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2011, Calculation of parameters for

determination of EEDI reference values MEPC 62/6/4.

-51-

 12:

13: .

-52-

 14:

15:

-53-

 16:

-54-

5. 5: D
EEDI ,

(attained
EEDI)
(required EEDI) . [].

5.1. .
:

1 . 2013,

, 1 2013, ,

1 2015.
5.2. .

, :

,
,

,
, ,
,

, ,
,
, ,

,
EEDI,
5.4.

-55-

5.3.

(attained EEDI).
EEDI (attained EEDI) EEDI, 3 .
EEDI , '
, . ,

. EEDI , ,
.
EEDI :

, -

, ,
() .
:

/ .

/.

/-.

/ .

Ro- Ro, .

Ro- Ro.

- .

-56-

5.4.

(required EEDI).
EEDI EEDI,
.
:

, -

, ,

()
:

/ .

/.

/-.

/ .

EEDI :
D D = (1 X/100)

, 6
EEDI EEDI .
6: ( ) EEDI EEDI
[]

0
1 201331 2014

1
1 201531 2019

2
1 202031 2024

3
1 2025

20.000 DWT

10

20

30

10.000-20.000
DWT

0-10

0-20

0-30

20.000 DWT

10

20

30

0-10

0-20

0-30

2.000-10.000
DWT

-57-

0
1 201331 2014

1
1 201531 2019

2
1 202031 2024

3
1 2025

20.000 DWT

10

20

30

0-10

0-20

0-30

15.000 DWT

10

20

30

10.000-15.000
DWT

0-10

0-20

0-30

15.000 DWT

10

15

30

0-10*

0-15*

0-30*

10

15

30

0-10*

0-15*

0-30*

10

20

30

0-10*

0-20*

0-30*

4.000-10.000
DWT

3.000-15.000
DWT
5.000

DWT

3.000-5.000
DWT
20.000

DWT

4.000-10.000
DWT

, .
.
/ : EEDI

4 .
,

EEDI ( )
EEDI.
, ,
,
.

-58-

 1, 2
, , .

5.5.

.
D

(gross tonnage) 400 .

H D

,
. MARPOL
, ,
.
, ,
,
EEDI
EEDI .
, ()

EEDI.
(4) , EEDI ( 2013).
(), , ,
, o , MARPOL.

-59-

5.6.

.
EEDI, -

:
. ,
. EEDI
.
. , ,
.
EEDI ,

,
,
).
. ,

() , ()
EEDI. , EEDI , ,
..

5.7.

, 400 ,
,
.

() -

-60-

. , () .

5.8.
.

, , -

,


.

, , .
,

.

,
.

5.9.

.
-

, .
,
.

5.10.

.
'

,
.
:

-61-

. .
. . ,

. , 3
,
() , .

5.11.

, .
.

-62-

6.
6: EEDI
EEDI ,
:

LOA=274,24 m.

LBP=264,00 m.

= 50,00 m.

= 17,00 m.

DWT=163417 tn.

=189417 tn.

HFO.

Vref=15,3 knots.

MCRme=18624 kw.

. SFCme=175 gr/kw*h.

. =1.

SFCae=230 gr/kw*h.

Ppti=0.

Ppto=0.

Peff=0.

fj=1.

fw=1.

fi=1.

feff=1.

: .

EEDI=3,2498 gr CO2/tn*mile

EEDI=3.4821 gr CO2/tn*mile

-63-

 Vref.

6.1.

,
:
2

P = c AD 3 v 3
EEDI, , :

EEDI (gr CO2/tom /m ile)

3.5

+ 52 %

2.5
+ 3 knots
2
10

10.5

11

11.5

12
12.5
13
Vref (knots)

13.5

14

14.5

15

17: EEDI Vref

. 11

2.26 3kn 3.43, 52%. .

EEDI. .

6.2. MCRME.
,
. , -

-64-

, . ,
.
EEDI, , ,
:
3.7

EEDI (gr CO2/tom/mile)

3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3

+ 7%

3.2
+ 2000

3.1
3
1.4

1.45

1.5

1.55
1.6
1.65
1.7
1.75
(Kw)

1.8

1.85

1.9
4
x 10

18: EEDI

EEDI

EEDI. 2000 Kw
EEDI 7%.


EEDI, PAE,
,
3(6).

6.3.
PAE (Power Take
Ins) .
PAE,
,
EEDI, .

-65-

(Power Take Ins) .

6.4.

(Power Take Offs) O.

, PME( i ) ,
( PME ( i ) = 0 ,75 ( MCR MEi PPToi ) ) , ,

6.1, EEDI .
, ,
D.
.

6.5.

( DWT) .
EEDI :

EEDI =

0.75 * P * SFC * CF,

, MCR . .
DWT * V

P = c AD 3 v 3 , EEDI :
2

0.75 * c AD * 3 * v 3 * SFC * CF
EEDI =
DWT * V

DWT
= 0.87 ,

, :
DWT
EEDI = 0.75 * c AD *

(2 3 )

* V 2 * DWT

(2 3 1)

(1 )
( 2 )
= 0.75 * c AD * (0.87) 3 * V 2 * DWT 3

(
V=15,3 knots) 19. .

-66-

3.8

EEDI

EEDI (gr CO2/ton/mile)

3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3
1.4

1.45

1.5

1.55

1.6

1.65
1.7
DWT (tons)

1.75

1.8

1.85

1.9
5
x 10

19: EEDI

DWT

EEDI.
EEDI.
EEDI.
DWT, (lightship) , . (lightship)

(DWT) EEDI.
(SFC) .

6.6.

EEDI , o 20:

EEDI (gr CO2/ton/mile)

3.6

3.4

3.2
+5.8 %
3
+ 10 gr/Kw/h

2.8

2.6
140

145

150

155

160
165
170
SFCme (gr/Kw/h)

175

180

185

190

20: EEDI
. SFCme

-67-

 EEDI
. .
. 10 gr/Kw/h EEDI 5.8 %.
.

6.7.

CO2
. EEDI CF, o o
CO2,
. CF
, EIAPP. EEDI.
21

EEDI ,
HFO LNG.
5

EEDI (gr CO2/tom/mile)I

4.5
-13%
4
3.5
HFO
LNG

3
-1 knot

2.5
2
12

12.5

13

13.5

14
14.5
15
Vref (knots)

15.5

16

16.5

17

21: EEDI HFO LNG

LNG EEDI
HFO.
Vref= 16 knots EEDI 13%.
, EEDI 3,5 grCO2/ton*mile, ,

-68-

LNG, Vref 1 knot .

(46.000 kJ/kg LNG 41.576 HFO, 10%
), , EEDI

20%.

6.8.

fw.
,

EEDI .

, ( ).
,
.
fw. fw ,
, , , .

O fw
(Vw) (Vref), .

-69-

PBw (V)

PBw (V)

22:

Vw Vw= Vref*fw .
, , fw, o EEDI
. fw

(sea trials), Vref,
.
fw , , , (
ice-class),
.

6.9.

fj.
fj -

-70-

 .
, , .

6.10.

fi.
fi

,
. ice- classed
, , , , .
.

-71-

7. 7: EEDI
7.1.

, . 23,
, 15 6 Beaufort. ,
. 43% ,
. ,
28% . , . 28% ,

, [3].

23:
(: Second IMO GHG Study)

, .

-72-

 , .
/
,
.
/

EEDI.
:

EEDI,
, .

,
, / ,
.
EEDI :

7.2.
,
PME Vref .
. , / . , ,
/ .
( ).

-73-

 24
. , Vref ,
EEDI PME (75%
)
EEDI.



:
EEDI.
.

:
MCRME=18624 KW
Vref=14.3Kn
EEDI=3.25

:
75% MCR=9788KW
Vref=14.3 Kn
EEDI=2.9

24:

-74-

7.2.1.

.
Cb

. L/ B
.
,
.
Cb
.
, 5- 20 %.
[3].
10-15%
10% [10].

7.2.2.

.
-

, 3-6 .
.
.
4-10%
, 3-7% [10].

7.2.3.

.
-

. . .
3% , , , 2% [10].

-75-

7.2.4.

(skeg).
(skeg) -

.

skeg . o
skeg ,
.
, 1,5% -2%
, 2%
[10].

7.2.5.

. ,
. ,
. .
,
5% , ,
5% [10].

7.2.6.

(interceptor trim plates).

(interceptor) -

,
.
, , ,
.
1-5% , 4% [10].

-76-

7.2.7.

.
.

.
, .
,
, 4% [10].

7.2.8.

(lightship) .

(lightweight). , , .

5-20%, .
20% 9% . , 5% , [10].

7.2.9.

.
-

. ,
. , , . ,
,
.
.
6% 20%. -

-77-

 15% 16%.
, ,
. ( )
,
.

3-6% [3].

7.2.10.

, 20
5%,
[10].

7.3.
(
) .
.

( PME Vref).
Peff (75% . ), o
CFME , SFC ME feff EEDI, 3.

,
,
, . ,
PAEeff , "" .

-78-

 , ( feff ),
:
. ( feff ) 1.
. . ,
,
, . ( feff

) .
:

7.3.1.

. :

7.3.1.1. .
,

.
, . ,

.

H ,
, 15 % 15 knots 44%
10% [3].

-79-

7.3.1.2. .
,
.

21% , 8.5% 20%
(PCTC) [10]

7.3.1.3. .

,
.
, . ,
.
SkySails
50%
, 10 15 %. [13]

7.3.1.4. Flettner.
Flettner
, , ,

Magnus . , .
Supramax (55.000 dwt),
( 20 2,3 m), 246 , 1023 .
, [11].

-80-

7.3.2.

. "",
. .
. .
15% , 7,5% , 3,5% 8,5 [10].

7.4.
(
) .
.
, ,
.
EEDI PAEeff , C FME , SFC ME feff
EEDI, 3.
,
( feff ) :
. ( feff ) 1.
. . ,
.
( feff ) .
:

-81-

7.4.1.

. ,
.

15% . , 20% [10].

7.4.2.

(LNG).
(LNG), -

,
.

(HFO). (-162 C) LNG
, . 4% . 22 kn, . 380 kW,

[10].
7.4.3.

.
-

.
, 3,5% , 2,5% 1% [10].
Leader Auriga,
, 60.213

GT, NYK Nippon Oil

Corporation. 328
-

-82-

 . 0,05% 1% , (NYK, 2009) [14].

7.5.

H .
EEDI SFC ME
SFC AE . 6.6, EEDI .
.
. ,
.
(SFC)
:

pmax/ pmep.

, ,
Carnot, , . CO2, , [15].

-83-

7.6.

.
6.7 -

CO2 EEDI.

CO2. To LPG LNG
CO2

Kwh, 20% HFO. CO2

:
7: CO2
(: MAN Diesel: How to Influence CO2)

(%)

(gr/Kwh)

Pilot Oil
(%)

(%)

CO2
HFO
(gr/Kwh)

CO2

(gr/Kwh)

100

170

95

559

472

75

166

93

546

461

50

179

10

90

557

470

,
,

CO2. . ,


.

-84-

8.
8:
EEDI/ .
8.1.

.
EEDI -

, 6.2.
EEDI,
.
,
. .
CO2 ,
, . .
10 % , ,
.
, , , , .
EEDI 75% . , . , ( ) ,

MCR (derated engine). ,

EEDI, (rated) ,
EEDI.

-85-

 75.000 DWT, ( ) 1.14

2.9 % .9
EEDI, .
8: (derated)

75.000 DWT Panamax Product Carrier

Nominal engine

Derated engine

Main Engine

MAN 5S60MC

MAN 6S60 MC

Installed power

11,900 KW at 105 RPM

14,280 at 105 RPM

Power at 15.1 knots

11,900 KW at 105 RPM

11,900 at 105 RPM

Consumption

49.7 TPD

48.5 TPD

Fuel Saving
EEDI

1.14 TPD
4,62

5,39

( ) ,
EEDI.
EEDI 75% .
, , 75% MCR. To EEDI, , ,
.

: MAN Diesel, Improved Efficiency and reduced CO2.

-86-

 10% 3,6%.
EEDI
3,6%10.

25: EEDI ,

, .
,
MEPC, EEDI,
, , , .

MEPC.

10

: Deltamarin report, 2009, EEDI tests and trials for EMSA.

-87-

8.2.

.
6.1, EEDI

Vref,.

EEDI,
Vref ( ) , .
:

, ,
, ,
.

. CO2, . , .

, -

(ton- mile capacity).

, .

, Ro- Ro Ferries,

,
,
. ,
EEDI,
, .

-88-

 , EEDI
.


.

8.3.

(Lightship).
6.5, -

EEDI,
(DWT), .

.
, , ,

(DWT).
.
,

fi. 1.

8.4.

CO2 .

O EEDI .

,
, CO2 ,
:

-89-

CO2
EEDI.
CO2
, ( ) EEDI.
, , , ,
(DWT) ,
10.3, EEDI. '
, , .
,
CO2 ,
, .
11,

CO2,
.
CO2

Panamax Handymax , .
,
, , (Common Structural Rules) IACS. B
,
11

Gratsos, G.A., H. N. Psaraftis, P. Zachariadis (2009), Life cycle cost of maintaining the effectiveness of a ships structure and environmental impact of ship design parameters: an update, RINA Conference on the Design and Operation of Bulk Carriers, Athens,
Greece, Oct. 26-27, 2009.

-90-

 , , ,
, .
(CSR)

( 20-25% ),
(
, ,
, ). ,
, , .
( -) .
,
, ( 1,5%
Panamax 1,1/% Handymax) , (- ) .

, CO2
. 600 CO2, , Panamax 200

CO2 Handymax.
, CO2
, , , ,
. ,
, , , 342 CO2
Panamax 183 CO2 Handymax.

-91-

T , ( 1% ), , . 2007, Lloyds-Fairplay, 1.383 Panamax

1.732 Handymax ( 6.462

).
, ,
790.000 CO2
, . 790.000 ( 0,1% CO2
).
CO2
, 5-6%
50 60 CO2 ,
. , 1% ( ),
, 10 CO2 .

, ,
, ,
.
, EEDI , 7.12
9: EEDI

PANAMAX
75% of MCR (kW)
Speed at 75% MCR
DWT
12

Ship A
6,750
13.30
73.000

Ship B
6,750
13.30
72.200

: International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2010, The Energy Efficiency

Design Index (EEDI) and Life Cycle Considerations, MEPC 60/4/16.

-92-

EEDI

4,439

4,488

HANDYMAX
75% of MCR (kW)
Speed at 75% MCR
DWT
EEDI

Ship A
5.732
13.30
46.500
5.918

Ship B
5.732
13.30
45.900
5.996

EEDI, . DWT .
CO2 , EEDI

8.5.

.
EEDI , . ,
.

EEDI, . , .
EEDI,
.

.
:

8.5.1.

.
, -

(. , , , ..) . ,
, . -

-93-

 , .
, ,
, .

8.5.2.

.
,

, . .
1% [10].

8.5.3.

. , , ,

0.1-1 % [10].
8.6.

(Power Take Offs).

EEDI, 75%

() .
,
() EEDI
. () ,
, EEDI, .

-94-

 ()/ ()
EEDI,
()
, ()
, . , ,
. "
" ,
EEDI.

8.7.

EEDI .

,
, .
10% 4-5 %,
.
EEDI,
6.5. (DWT)
20.000
. ,
,
.

MEPC , . ,
,
. .

-95-


, , . , , .
( ) ,
(.. DWT= 100.000

tonnes).
8.8.

EEDI .

, 20-25 Knots.
EEDI,
2 ,
. .

(DWT)

20000tonnes,
, ,
EEDI.

.

8.9.

EEDI R2=0.3344,
.
, 15.000 dwt
EEDI
100%.

-96-

 , , .
(
) ,
. R2.

8.10.

.
(DWT) 15.000 ,

EEDI.

( DWT)
,
. .
EEDI , , ,
.
,
, , EEDI .
,
.

EEDI . ,
,

.

-97-

8.11.

.
EEDI -

. EEDI

.
, ,
hogging sagging. ,

.
.
:

,
,
,
.
,
, , ,

14 ,
, 10 15
( , , /
).
75% MCR,
.
, ,
,

-98-

 . . , .
,

,
.

, . .
,
.
, .
, EEDI , ,
.

8.12.

Vref (Sea Trails).

4, Vref

, , 75% , .
, 13,
EEDI, , (sea trials).
, 85-100% MCR.
,
13

International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2010, Report of the Working Group

on Energy Efficiency Measures for Ships, MEPC 61/WP.10 Annex 3

-99-

 75% MCR ,
.

ISO 15016 :
.

, -

, , , ,
.
,
.

26:

,

EEDI.
14, EEDI,
, 14

MARIN, 7 April 2009: Evaluation of speed trials according to ISO 15016 and STA

-100-

 - . ,
ISO 15016
, EEDI,
,
ISO 15016 .
,

.
EEDI
ISO 15016.

8.13.

EEDI .

, , . 20 . ,
, 10
[3]. 32 [20], .
EEDI , , . $ 5 .

2020 CO2 20 .

220 CO2 50
[21].
10% 2015- 19, 15%
20% 2020-24 30%
2024.

-101-

 2 3 EEDI
.

8.14.

/ .
3 -

EEDI 6
16 ,
3 ,
.
( , ,

EED)
.
:
.

EEDI

.
.

EEDI

.
.

EEDI -

.

EEDI
.

-102-

9.
9: -

9.1.

R CO2.
EEDI -

/ CO2,
(scrubbers, SCRs).
, .

O / CO2 ,
.

CO2, , EEDI
R.

, , / EEDI, R .

9.2.
fw.

4 (),

f w (1)

/ f w , .
, ,

0.85.
f w = 1 ,

f w = 1 .

-103-

9.3.
EEDI, .
4 (),

fi 1.0 -

9.4.
, ,
.
,

5.5 , ,
EEDI.
EEDI
EEDI, .

9.5.
, RO-RO ( , ,
) - .
5.3, EEDI , - (ro-ro) ( , )
- ( ,
) .
, 5.4,
EEDI,
.
,
.

9.6.


2 3.
5.4, 1
2 , ,
.

-104-

9.7.
. CO2 (wind propulsion
systems).
(, , ) . .
.

9.8.

.
8.1, , EEDI,
,
.
,
,
:

, -

,
.

,
, .

15.
, -

15

The Manoeuvring Committee, Final Report and Recommendations to the 25th ITTC

-105-

9.9.
.
MEPC 62
EEDI
.

, IBC 800 .
, ,

2.0 , , . , , .
, ,
, .

EEDI.

-106-

10.

10:
,

(Energy Efficiency Design Index, EEDI).

EEDI,
2011, ,
, VI MARPOL
2013.
EEDI , (. ) ,
,
.
EEDI , . EEDI , , , 1999 2009.
EEDI, ,
2025 2030
/ CO2.
(2015 2020) 10%,
(2020 2025) 20%

(2025 2030) 30%. , 45

50 CO2, 2020
, 2030,
180 240 .
EEDI ,

-107-


. 6
16 , .

MEPC
.
EEDI, ,
. :
, ,
, ,
. ,
. ,

(MEPC) , 2014.
EEDI, . ,
,
,
EEDI. EEDI
,

2014.
CO2, ,

-108-

 , ,
.
/
.
EEDI , " " .
,
,
.
( 80% ) EEDI .
13
,
.

.
EEDI, ,
, ,
CO2.

-109-

[1]

" " Wikipedia 2011

http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/__.

[2]

" " Wikipedia 2011.

http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/__.

[3]

International Maritime Organization (IMO): 2nd GHG IMO Study 2009.

[4]

International Maritime Organization (IMO), (MEPC 57, MEPC 58, MEPC 59, MEPC 60, MEPC 61 ,MEPC
62).

[5]

Historic Background, http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Environment/ PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Pages/Historic%20Background%20GHG

.aspx.

[6]

IMO Resolution A. 963(23): IMO policies and practices related to the

reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships.

[7]

, To EEDI ,
, 2011.

[8]

, -
, , 2011.

[9]

(2011),
, , 2011

[10]

Wrtsil (2009) Boosting Energy Efficiency, Energy Efficiency Catalogue/ Ship Power R&D

[11]

Delft, December 2009. Technical support for European action to reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from international maritime transport

[12]

CMTI, 2009, The IMO Energy Efficiency Design Index: A Netherlands

Trend Study.

[13]

SkySails Company Website: www.skysails.info/english/

[14]

Company web site: http://www.nyk.com/english/release/31/

NE_090918.html

[15]

MAN Diesel & Turbo: How to influence CO2.

[16]

MAN Diesel & Turbo: Improved Efficiency and reduced CO2.

[17]

Exhaust Gas Emission Control Today and Tomorrow Application on

MAN B&W Two-stroke Marine Diesel Engines.

[18]

Deltamarin, 2009, EEDI tests and trials for EMSA.

[19]

Gratsos, G.A., H. N. Psaraftis, P. Zachariadis (2009), Life cycle cost of

maintaining the effectiveness of a ships structure and environmental
impact of ship design parameters: an update, RINA Conference on the
Design and Operation of Bulk Carriers, Athens, Greece, Oct. 26-27,
2009.

[20]

MARIN, 7 April 2009: Evaluation of speed trials according to ISO 15016

and STA

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[21]

Mikelis, Nikos E. (2007), A statistical overview of ship recycling, International Symposium on Maritime Safety, Security & Environmental Protection, Athens, September 2007.

[22]

www.shippingefficiency.org: Historic deal on emissions from new ships

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