Chuong 1

Bi 1-1:
ABCDEF I Ic gic du. bit hnh chiu song song ca ABD In mt
phng " I A'B'D'. Hy v hnh chiu ca Ic gic d.
D'
O'
B'
A'
C'
E'
F'
Bi 1-2:
ABC I tam gic vung cn, c gc =90
o
. Canh AB// mt phng "'.
bit chiu di doan AB=AC=d. Cho bit hnh chiu thng gc ca AC I A'C'.
Tm d In ca gc gia dung thng BC v mt phng "
B'
A'
B'
A'
C'
H
C'

-
H'
A
B
C
-
E
I
d
- Gc =90
o
v AB// '=90
o
,
A'B'=d
-
A'B'C' l hnh chiu ca tam gic
ABC ln
- Xt tam gic BCH c: BH=B'C'
BC=B'E
d
Bi 1-3:
Cho tam gic ABC cn, AB=AC v gc =45
o
. Hnh chiu song song ca tam
gic I A'B'C' I tam gic bt k. Tm hnh chiu ca hai dung cao BE v CF.
- AAFC=AABE l tam gic vung cn.
- Ta c
A
B C
E
F
B'
A'
C'
E'
F'

E*
F*
Bi 1-4:
Cho mt phng P v P' ct nhau theo giao tuyn .Tam gic ABC thuc
mt phng P. C AB// . Hnh chiu song song ca A In P' I A'. Tm B'C'
C
B
A

C'
B'
A'
P
P'
EE'
Chuong 2
Bi 2-1:
Hy Ip d thc ca cc dim d cho trong khng gian nhu hnh v
H
2
H
1
x
A
2
A
1
B
2
B
1
C
1
=C
2
D
2
D
1
E
1
F
1
E
2
F
2
H
1
H
2
B
A
F
E
D
C
Bi 2-2:
Tm hnh chiu th ba ca cc dim t hai hnh chiu d cho
x(+)
z(+)
y(+)
y(+)
A
2
A
1
B
2
B
1
C
2
C
3
C
1
A
3
B
3
Bi 2-3:
Cho hai dung thng AB v CD. Khng dng hnh chiu canh, hy xc d[nh v[
tr tuong di ca hai dung thng d.
A
1
A
2
B
2
B
1
C
1
C
2
D
1
D
2
C
1
C
2
D
1
D
2
A
1
A
2
B
2
B
1
I
1
I
2
I
2
I
1
I'
1
x x
AB v CD cho nhau
AB v CD cho nhau
Bi 2-4:
V hnh chiu A'B' ca doan thng AB theo hung chiu t In mt phng
phn gic II
- Tm hnh chiu A' ca A theo hung chiu t ln mt phng phn gic
- Tm hnh chiu B' ca B theo hung chiu t ln mt phng phn gic
- xt xem t c ct AB khng th xt hnh chiu ca t ln mt phng phn
gic l T' c thuc A'B' hay khng.
A
1
A
2
B
2
B
1
A'
1
A'
2
T'
1
=T'
2
t
1
t
2
b
1
a
1
b
2
a
2
B'
1
=B'
2
x
Bi 2-5:
Qua dim M vach mt dung thng song song vi d v mt dung thng
song song vi CD
C
1
C
2
D
1
D
2
M
1
N
1
N
2
M
2
l
1
d
2
d
1
l
2

I
2
Bi 2-12:
Tm tp hp cc dim cch du hai dim d cho A v B
Tp hop cc dim cch du hai dim d cho A v B l mt phng di qua
trung dim ca AB v vung gc vi AB.
a)
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
H
1
H
2
H
1
H
2

1
f
1

2
f
2

1
b)
Bi 2-14:
V nt hnh chiu bng ca tam gic ABC (vung tai A)
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
C
1
C
2

1
f
1

2
f
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
Bi 2-16:
V nt cc hnh chiu ca hnh ch nht ABCD bit AB// H1
C
1
C
2
D
1
B
2
A
2
B
1
A
1
D
2
x
Bi 2-17:
V hnh chiu bng ca tam gic
du ABC c hnh chiu dng I
tam gic cn, canh bn nh hon
canh dy.
C
1
C
2
A
2
B
1
A
1
B
2
Ay

H
2
Ay
B'
2
A*
Bi 2-18:
V nt hnh chiu ca hnh hnh vung ABCD bit hnh chiu bng ca n I
mt hnh ch nht.
C
1
C
2
B
2
A
2
B
1
A
1
D
2
A
z
D
1
Bi 3-1:
a) Cho mt phng bng cc vt. Hy v nt hnh chiu bng A2B2 ca AB
bit AB thuc
x
A
2
A
1
B
2
B
1
D
1
N
1
M
1
N
2
M
2
m
1
n
2
m
2
= n
1
Bi 3-1:
b) Cho mt phng chiu canh (m,n). Hy v nt hnh chiu dng A
1
B
1
ca
AB bit AB thuc
B
1
B
2
x(+)
z(+)
y(+)
A
2
A
1
2

2
1
n
2
y(+)
A
3
= C
3
Bi 3-2:
V nt hnh chiu dng A
1
K
1
ca doan AK thuc mt phng ABC
K
1
K
2
A
2
A
1
B
1
B
2
C
1
C
2
I
1
I
2
C*
I*
Bi 3-3:
V vt ca mt phng (a,b).

2
1
n
2
b
2
a
1
b
1
a
2
M'
1
M
1
M'
2
M
2
I
1
I
2
N
1
N
2
N'
1
N'
2
x
Bi 3-4:
Qua dim A hy vach mt mt phng sao cho vt bng ca n hp vi trc
x gc 30
o
v vt dng hp vi trc x mt gc 60
o
A
2
A
1
2
1
n
2

x
M
1
M
2
60
o
30
o

2
Bi 3-5:
Xc d[nh gc nghing ca mt phng ABC vi mt phng H
2
- V dung bng Ah thuc mt phng
d(ABC)
- V dung dc nht CD:
+ C
2
D
2
*A
2
h
2
+D
2
Zh
2
- Tm gc tao bi dung dc nht CD
vi R
2
:
Gc tm duoc l gc tao bi mt
phng d(ABC) vi mt phng R
2
.

2
A
1
C
1
B
1
A
2
C
2
B
2
1
2
1
1
D
1
D
2

Bi 3-6:
Canh AB ca hnh vung ABCD thuc mt phng I mt dung bng.
cho truc hnh chiu bng ca hnh vung v vt bng n ca . Hy v nt
hnh chiu dng ca hnh vung d.
A
1
B
1
A
2
B
2
D
1
C
1
N
1
M
1
N
2
M
2
B*
M*

Tm vt dng ca mt phng d
bng cch:
- Xc djnh cao d ca dim M:
+ Xc djnh gc gia dung
thng AD v mt phng H
2
.
T d suy ra cao d dim M.
D
2
C
2

Bi 3-7:
Cho dung bng h thuc mt phng . Hy v vt ca mt phng bit
rng nghing vi H
2
gc 45
o
.
Az
Q
1
Q
2
M
2
M
1
m

x
P
1
P
2

2
45
o
d
2
Q
*
d
1

Bi 3-8:
V cc vt ca ca mt phng P cha dung thng t bit P nghing vi H
2
mt gc cho truc
- Tm vt bng N v vt
dng S ca t. ta c m
p
s di qua S1 v n
p
s di
qua N
2
.
- V mt nn trn xoay
dinh l S c dy thuc
H2 v dung sinh bin
ca n tao vi truc x
mt gc .
- T N v hai dung tip
tuyn vi dung trn
dy chnh l hai vt
bng ca mt phng P
2
!
n
!
2
!
n
!
9
1
9
2
N
2
N
1
x
S
1
S
2
S
N
9

T
T'

T'
T
O
Bi 3-9:
V giao tuyn ca hai mt phng cho trong cc trung hp cho bng vt
sau dy:
- Tm hai dim chung M, N ca
mt phng (d) v mt phng ():
+ M
1
= m
d
im

M
2
Zx
+ N
2
= n
d
in

N
1
Zx
- g
1
di qua cc dim M
1
v N
1
- g
2
di qua cc dim M
2
v N
2
Ta c g(g
1
,g
2
) = d(m
d
,n
d
) (m

,n

)
x
2

N
1
N
2
M
1
M
2

2
n

a)
x
b)
M
1
= N
2

1
=

2
M
2
= N
1
2
2
= n
1
= 2
2
= n
1
c)
x
N
1
N
2

2
2
2
= n
1
= 2
2
= n
1
Dua vo djnh l: Nu a//b v mt phng Q(a) ct mt phng R(b) theo
dung thng c th c//a//b
d)
Dua vo djnh l: Nu a//b v mt phng Q(a) ct mt phng R(b) theo
dung thng c th c//a//b
x N
1
N
2

2
2
1
n
2
2
2
= n
1
= 2
2
= n
1
2
1
n
2
M
1
M
2
I
1
I
2
M'
1
M'
2
Bi 3-10:
V giao tuyn ca hai mt phng P v Q cho bng vt (vt ct nhau ngoi
t giy v)
x

2
2
2
= n
1
= 2
2
= n
1
f
1
d
1
f
1
d
1

= f
2
= d
2

= f
2
= d
2
Bi 3-11:
V giao tuyn tam gic
ABC v DEF. Xt thy khut.
C
1
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
C
2
D
1
F
1
E
1
K
1
N
1
K
2
N
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
3
1
3
2
E
2
F
2
D
2
4
1
4
2
Bi 3-12:
V giao tuyn ca mt phng P vi mt phng phn gic 1 (a) v giao tuyn
ca mt phng ABC vi mt phng phn gic 2 (b).
d
2
N
1
N
2
M
1
M
2
I
1
I
2

2
a)
x

l
2
Bi 3-12:
V giao tuyn ca mt phng P vi mt phng phn gic 1 v giao tuyn
ca mt phng ABC vi mt phng phn gic 2.
b)
C
1
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
C
2
I
1
= I
2
K
1
= K
2
x
Bi 3-13:
V giao dim ca dung thng
DE vi mt phng ABC.
C
1
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
C
2
D
1
E
1
E
2
D
2

2
I
2
AB
I
2
ED
I
1
AB
= I
2
DE
a)
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
K
1
K
2
Bi 3-13:
V giao dim ca dung thng
DE vi mt phng ABC.
b)
C
1
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
C
2
D
1
E
1
E
2
D
2
H
1
K
1
H
2
K
1
I
2
I
1
H
3
D
3
E
3
K
3
I
3
y
x
z
y
-
1
Bi 3-14:
V giao dim ca dung thng I vi mt phng (m,n) trong cc trung hp
sau:
x
N
1
N
2
M
2
M
1

1
K
1
K
2
2

a)

2
l
1
Bi 3-14:
V giao dim ca dung thng I vi mt phng (m,n) trong cc trung hp
sau:
x
N
1
N
2
M
2
M
1

2
K
1
K
2
l
2
2

c)
Bi 3-14:
V giao dim ca dung thng I vi mt phng (m,n) trong cc trung hp
sau:
x
N
2
K
1
K
2
l
2
b)

2
N
1
Bi 3-14:
V giao dim ca dung thng I vi mt phng (m,n) trong cc trung hp
sau:
d)
B
1
B
2
x(+)
z(+)
y(+)
A
2
A
1
2

2
1
n
2
y(+)
K
3
A
3
B
3
K
1
K
2
Bi 3-15:
Qua dim A vach mt dung thng ta trn trc x v dung thng I (vach
mt dung thng ct trc x v dung thng I)
A
1
A
2
= K
2
K
1
I
2
I
1
N
1
N
2
N'
1
N'
2
n

E
1
E
2
d
1
d
2
l
1
l
2
x
ung thng d di qua A ct l ,x.
Vy d l giao tuyn ca hai mt
phng (A,l) v (A,x).
Ta c A l dim chung th nht ca hai mt phng.
im chung th hai tm bng cch:
Lp mt phng phu tro l mt phng hnh chiu bng H
2
+ x= H
2
i(A,x) = x
+ H
2
i(A,l) = n
d
+ K = n
d
i x l dim chung th hai ca hai mt phng
Bi 3-16:
Qua dim K hy vach mt dung thng ta trn (ct) hai dung thng
cho nhau a v b
l
2
a
1
b
2
a
2
c
1
c
2 K
2
K
1
I
2
I
1
E
1
E
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
F
2

ung thng t cn tm di qua

K ct a ,b l giao tuyn ca hai
mt phng (K,a) v (K,b).
Ta c K l dim chung th
nht ca hai mt phng.
im chung th hai tm bng
cch:
- Tm giao dim ca dung
thng b vi mt phng (K,a)
- E l dung thng cn tm.
Bi 3-17:
Tm tp hp cc dung thng di qua dim K v song song vi mt phng
d cho
K
2
K
1
x

2
K
2
K
1
n

x
2

f
1
f
2
Tp hop cc dung thng di qua dim K v song song vi mt phng d d cho l
mt phng cha K v song song vi d
Bi 3-18:
Tm tp hp cc dung thng di qua dim A v vung gc vi dung thng k
A
2
A
1

2
x
A
2
A
1

1
f
2
f
1

1
Tp hop cc dung thng di qua dim A v vung gc vi dung thng
k l mt phng d cha A v vung gc vi dung thng k
Bi 3-19:
Tm tp hp cc dim cch du mt phng P mt doan a d cho
Tp hop cc dim cch du mt phng P mt doan a d cho l mt
phng song song vi P v cch P mt doan bng a.
a
x
P
2
Q
2
R
2
a)
Bi 3-19:
Tm tp hp cc dim cch du mt phng P mt doan a d cho
2

2
!
n
!

2
A
1
H
1
= H
2
K
1
K
2
-
x
a
A
2
A*
K*
x
Tp hop cc dim cch du mt phng P mt doan a d cho l mt phng
song song vi P v cch P mt doan bng a.
b)
9
1
9
2
M
1
M
2
Bi 3-21:
Tm tp hp cc dim cch du ba dinh ca tam gic ABC
Tp hop cc dim cch du ba dim ca tam gic ABC l giao ca mt
phng trung truc ca hai canh AB v AC
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
H
1
C
1
C
2
K
2
V AB // H
1
mt phng trung truc d *H
1
AC // H
2
mt phng trung truc *H
2
+ g = d i g
1
=d
1
g
2
=
2
Bi 3-22:
Tm tp hp cc dim cch du hai mt phng ct nhau d cho
Tp hop cc dim cch du hai mt phng ct nhau d cho l mt
phng phn gic ca hai mt phng d
x
x
P
2
Q
2
g
1
g
2
P
1
g
1
g
2
Bi 3-23:
Hy dng dung thng ct ba dung thng cho nhau a, b, c In Iut tai A,
B, C sao cho AB=BC. Cho bit dung thng b vung gc vi mt phng H
2
a
1
b
2
a
2
c
1
c
2
b
1
C
1
= B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
C
2
D
O
x
Bi 3-24:
V nt hnh chiu bng I
2
ca I bit I di qua K v song song vi mt phng
ABC
A
1
B
1
A
2
B
2
C
1
C
2
I
1
I
2
K
1
K
2
a
1
a
2 l
2
l
1
x
Bi 3-25:
Hy v d thc ca dung thng a song song vi mt phng phn gic I v
d thc ca dung thng b song song vi mt phng phn gic II. Nhn xt
v d thc ca nhng dung thng d.
Nhn xt:
- a' thuc mt phng phn gic nn a'
1
v a'
2
di xng nhau qua truc x a
1
v a2 di xng nhau qua hung song song vi truc x.
- b' thuc mt phng phn gic nn b'
1
= b'
2
b
1
//b
2
// b'
1
= b'
2
x
Bi 3-27:
Qua ba dim A, B, C hy dung ba mt phng chiu bng d(cha A), (cha B),
y(cha C) song song vi nhau sao cho mt phng cch du hai mt phng d v y
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
K
1
K
2
C
1
C
2

2
y
2
Bi 3-28:
Tm khong cch t dim K dn mt phng trong ba trung hp
a) d l mt phng chiu dng
H
1
H
2
K
1
K
2
x

1
Bi 3-28:
Tm khong cch t dim K dn mt phng trong ba trung hp
b) d duoc cho bi cp vt m
d
v n
d
K
1
K
2
A
y
H
1
H
2
M
1
M
2
N
2
N
1
x
9
1
9
2
K
*
Bi 3-28:
Tm khong cch t dim K dn mt phng trong ba trung hp
c) d duoc cho bi hai dung thng
song song a v b
K
1
K
2
9
1
9
2

1
f
1

2
f
2
a
1
b
1
a
2
b
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
3
2
4
2
3
1
4
1
A
y
5
1
5
2
6
1
6
2
H
1
H
2
K*
Bi 3-29:
Tm khong cch t dim A dn dung thng I
2

A
1
= A
2
l
1
l
2
A*
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
H
1
H
2
g
1
A
y
Bi 3-30:
V nt hnh chiu bng ca tam gic ABC (vung tai A)
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
C
1
C
2

1
f
1

2
f
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
g
2
Bi 3-31:
Dng tam gic ABC cn dinh A
sao cho dinh A thuc dung thng t
cho truc
9
1
9
2

1
f
1

2
f
2
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
C
1
C
2
I
1
I
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
g
2
Bi 3-32:
Dng tam gic ABC vung cn
dinh A sao cho canh gc vung AC
thuc dung thng t cho truc
A
y
A
y
'

1
f
1

2
f
2
g
2
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
C
1
C
2
D
2
D
1
C*
D*
9
1
9
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
B*
C'
2
C'
1
Bi 3-33:
Tm trn mt phng (a,b) qu tch cc dim cch du hai dim E, F
a
1
a
2
b
1
b
2
E
1
E
2
F
1
F
2

2
f
1
f
2
I
1
I
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
K
1
K
2
3
1
3
2
4
2
4
1
L
1
L
2
=
1

1
g
2
=
2
'
2
g'
1
Nhn xt:
Qu tch cc
dim thuc mt
phng d (a,b)
cch du hai
dim E,F l
giao tuyn ca
hai mt phng
d(a,b) v (f,h)
Bi 3-34:
Qua dim K v mt phng vung gc vi hai mt phng (ABC) v (m,n)
B
1
A
1
A
2
B
2
K
1
K
2
C
1
C
2

1
2
1
n
1
2
2
n
2

2
f
1
f
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
3
1
3
2
4
2
4
1
5
1
5
2

1
f
1

2
f
2
Nhn xt:
Nu dung thng k vung gc vi
mt phng Q th moi mt phng bt
ky R(k) du vung gc vi Q
a
1
b
1
b
2
a
2