Gii thiu v cc nh dng video thng gp Bi vit gip cc bn hiu thm v cc nh dng video ph bin hin nay

Hin nay c rt codec s dng encode video cng hng t cc chunkhc nhau khc hiu chnh, xem phim c subtitle... etc. Chnh v cqu nhiu th nn c l chng ta phi c tm hiu mt cch cn thnv ghi li tin cho vic tra cu v sau. Bi vit sau y mang tnh ghi chp v tng hp, cc bn khc nu s dng li bi vit mong ch thch thm : V codec Codec l t vit tt ca coder/decoder, n ch lmt mu chng trnh nh. Hay chng ta c th gi n l mt cng thcm mi chng trnh media player cn n n. Chng trnh s c dliu file media, dng codec gii m chng v a ra cho chng ta nidng chnh xc = hnh nh/m thanh ca d liu - y l qu trnhgii m, mt qu trnh rt thng dng trong cuc sng s bnh thng.Qu trnh m ho cng gn nh tng t c iu theo chiu gn ngc li(v c nhiu cch encode) Chnh v mi loi video/m thanh c cch ghi theo chun codec m n sdng nn vic c file video/m thanh cng cn codec gii m. Vyl cng ko c g kh khn khi bn gp thng bo li "ko tm thy codec"hoc "ko th render" mt file video no . C 3 chun codec MPEG (theo chun MPEG thi, cn rt nhiu codec khc): - MPEG-1: s dng trong VCD thng thng. y c l l codec video cbn v c nht ca cc loi video s. C v nh n s dng mt chuicc hnh nh nn bng nh dng MPEG to phim (Mnh ko quan tm nlm nn cng ch bun tm hiu su). - MPEG-2: s dng trong DVD video v SVCD. - MPEG-4: cc loi codec tin tin hin nay. Trong ny c rt nhiudng codec nh khc nhau, tuy chung gc MPEG-4 nhng li c nhng qungng pht trin khc hn nhau. V cc ui .AVI .OGM .MPG .WMV.. etc Do c rt nhiu codec khc nhau tng ng vi rtnhiu nh pht trin codec khc nhau nn cch qui c cng khc nhau.C th tm chia lm 2 loi: - Loi ui tp tin s ch ra loi codec file s s dng, bao gm: .WMV .RM .RMVB .MPG .MPEG .MOV.. - Loi ui tp tin khng ch nh xc ra loi codec file s sdng, ch th hin l file media: .AVI .MKV .OGM .MP4.. (cn rtnhiu loi na nhng khng ph bin) Nhng, c hai loi trn c mt im chung - chng ch l cc container cha ni dung m thi,

cn vic ni dung nh th no, cch ghi ralm sao ch khi trnh media player m ra v c n s bit file sdng codec g. Ni cch khc, cc file media u thuc loi th 2 -ui tp tin ch ni ln chng l file media m thi. Ly VD: file "fatcat.avi" l file container, trong bao gm mt onvideo c nn vi codec DivX v m thanh nn vi MP3. C video v mthanh c di nh nhau. Khi m file ny, Media player s dng codecDivX gii m video v codec MP3 gii m m thanh, pht chng cngmt lc to thnh b phim c c hnh ln ting. T l thuyt trn, lun ra rng: nu nh lm a hnh VCD th cnconvert video ra dng MPEG-1 v MPEG-2 nu nh lm DVD video. MPEG-4 MPEG-4 l mt chun nn video c pht trin bimt nhm gi l "Moving Picture Experts Group" (hay gi l MPEG).MPEG-4 c bit n nh l mt "chun nn ca hnh nh & m thanhbit-rate thp". C rt nhiu chun c pht trin bi nhm ny v c chp nhn bi t chc tiu chun quc t (ISO - InternationalStandards Organization) hay cn gi l chun-ISO ^^" MPEG-4 l chun-ISO/IEC #14496. V XviD i theo chun MPEG-2 part 2 nnn cn c bit n nh l MPEG-4 chun ISO #14496-2 (chun mi nhtca MPEG-4 l MPEG-4 part 10/AVC (Advanced Video Coding) hay cn gil H.264) Thc t, MPEG-4 l mt chun nn video vi rt nhiu cc phn m rngm c bit c thit k t ti cht lng cao nht ca chun nidung video. Chun ni dung y l chun trong cc video trong thgii tht, n khng c thit k nn video dng bi trnh 3D, phimhot hnh trn TV thng thng hay l anime ( l l do ti sao ccvideo thuc th loi trn nn khng tt lm khi s dng MPEG-4) Cc chun codec thng thng thuc h MPEG-4 l DivX, 3ivx, QuicktimeMPEG4 v XviD. Mc d chng l h hng vi nhau, tuy nhin mt phimc nn bi mt trong cc codec trn s khng th c gii m bngcodec anh em ca n. V gia chng vn c nhng im khc nhau c bnkhng th thay th. Ly v d bng vic x l tp tin video c nhiuhn 1 t frame - l vic m DivX khng th thc hin c, trong khiXviD li c th. V d khc s l XviD c n 3 im warppoint GMC(Global Motion Compensation) trong khi DivX ch c 1 im - iu nydn n s khc bit trong cu trc phn cng c th gii m con video c nn bng codec DivX hay XviD (phn cng gii m DivXs nh nhng hn). C mt s u c DVD ph hp chun MPEG-4 c th c c video DivX. m rng kh nng c cc chun MPEG-4 khc s khng kh khn my.Vic ny ch cn c thc hin bng

mt s thay i nh trong EEPROMlin kt vi b x l video ca u c - hay ni cch khc l flashli b EEPROM ca u c. K hn v MPEG-4, cc l thuyt c bn c th nn c 2h video cht lng cao m ch nh t va mta CD i hi c mt thut ton phc tp. MPEG-4 lm vic ny bngcch b bt nhng thng tin m ngi xem khng cm nhn c bng cchbin i d liu v cc im nh trn video thnh cng thc ton hcgn ging vi on d liu . Vic bin i ny gn ging nhau n mccon ngi bnh thng s rt kh c th nhn ra s khc bit gia videongun v video kt qu (tt nhin, ch l l thuyt). u tin, mng mu ca khung hnh ban u s c bin i thnh mtmng mu c bit c gi l YV12. Mt ngi thng thng km nhy cmvi cc mu sc hn l vi cc mc sng ti (lic nhn tht nhanhqua bu tri, bn s cm nhn r nht tri sng hay tri ti hn l butri c mu g). Chnh v vy, MPEG-4 nh gi sng ti ca hnh nhquan trng hn l mu sc. iu ny em n mt kt qu l sng tic ghi li trong mi pixel cn thng tin mu sc s ch c ghi lisau mi 4 pixel. Trong cc codec ph bin hin nay, c th k n DivX, XviD v H.264Ngoi ra cn mt s i th cng kh cnh tranh khc (c iu cung cchpht trin ch k) l Real Media v Window Media Audio/Video. DivX Mt codec ni ting v rt rt ph bin trongnhm MPEG-4, c th coi ln dng lo lng khi c kh nhiu u cDVD c lun c DivX. So snh gia chun MPEG-2 v DivX th cht lngc th coi l nh nhau c iu DivX tri hn bit-rate thp, iu nyng ngha vi vic chng ta c th c mt on phim tng t DVD videonhng nh hn ch c bng 1/2 ca DVD video. Tuy ph bin nh vy nhng so vi cc codec ch em ca n gn y thDivX bt u t ra yu th, c bit l trc XviD v H264 v mt scodec ang pht trin khc. DivX homepage: http://www.divx.com DivX codec download: http://www.divxmovies.com/codec/ XviD Xvid l mt codec theo chun MPEG-4. N c thnn mt file video thnh nhng d liu theo chun ca MPEG-4 v c thc lu tr di dng .AVI .OGM .MP4 hay khc. Bn thn codec nykhng th t nn video m n phi nh mt cng c khc gip n, VD c th l trnh VirtualDub.

Thng thng mt codec s i km c Decoder v Encoder, nhng cng ctrng hp mt b ci ch c Decoder m thi - vi b ci bn ch c xem phim dng codec m khng th nn phim bng codec . Bfilter ch c decoder c th k n l Nic's decoder filter. Xvid codec l mt d n m ngun m GNU-GPL. Ngha l m ngun ca nc th c download bi bt k ai v chnh sa theo bt k thch noca h. XviD l chui k t vit ngc ca DivX (pht trin bi mtcng ty thng mi) - c l n ging nh mt s thch thc vi codecDivX. S tht cho thy XviD vt tri v cht lng nn hn hn DivX. XviD homepage: http://www.xvid.org XviD codec download: http://www.koepi.org/XviD-1.1.2-01112006.exe (ver1.1.2 stable) RM/RMVB Codec rt quen thuc v ph bin nht TQ, nu bnbt gp 1 phim b ting Hoa bt k c share trn mng, th chc chnrng 99% s l dng rmvb. y l codec ring t RealOne. Loi ny chora nh phim r nt, sng p v dung lng ca file kh nh, c bitc cht nhnh hn AVI nu nh l rip t DVD .. Phi ni coi 1 tp phim dng rmvb - dvd rip tht chng thua g DVD chnh hiu, rt tuyt vi ! H.264 H264 l mt codec tht s n tng. Ln u tin mnh chng kin sc mnh ca H264 l t mt on anime di24 pht, c 704x400 pixel vi m thanh MP3 128kbps m ch c 76.2MB(video bit-rate l 301kbps) - cht lng ca n gn bng on animetng t nh th nn vi DivX nhng nng vo c 233MB. Ln th hai l chnh tay mnh nn mt on video 3 pht t MPEG-1 (gc)nng 116MB ra H264 (nng 32MB) - tht s m ni th xem bn H.264 cnp hn c bn gc T_T Nguyn nhn ca s k cc y l do H.264 s dngmt thut ton no lm m i cc chi tit m n tht s cn thittrong cc khung hnh. N ging nh l c de-cube, xo nho cc vt vung ca codec MPEG-1 to ra vy. Tht s n tng. Hin c mt project gip H264 n ngi s dng min ph l compressor/decompressor x264. C th xem thm v n ti: http://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html VP60, VP72 Dng codec mi ni ln vi kt qu c nh gil ni tri nht hin nay c iu n ang pht trin, cha hon chnh.Nhng rt c th ch mt thi gian na th VP72 s l i th nng knht i vi H264 v XviD. Ring DivX v g g khc cho v hu lun bygi ko tr. Thng tin v codec ny mnh cha nm nhiu lm, nhng chc s phi tm hiu thm v n theo kp thi i ^^"

La chn chn codec no hay nht thc ra cng c nhiuth tc ng n quyt nh. Nhng c th nhn xt ngay rng, vic chncodec cng t ph bin th vic edit/playback cng tr nn kh khn. Nh bn TQ th ton chi RealMedia chng hn .. ============================================== Bi vit thm : Chng trnh XEM video Cc bn mi cha quen i lc gp kh khn khi xem mt s dng phim. gip cc bn tm kim cch gii quyt thch hp, mnh xin gi nh sau: bit tng i chnh xc nh dng phim, cc bn c th nhn vo ui (extension hay phn ng sau du chm) ca tp phim. bit chnh xc nh dng phim, bn c th dng mt tin ch nh c tn l Gspot. C th ly ti y. Vi dng WMV thng thng bn s khng gpbt k mt kh khn no bi v nh dng phim ny uc Windows MediaPlayer vn i lin vi Windows h tr hon ton y . Tuy nhin, dngphimg WMV nhn chung xu hn cc dng MPEG v AVI v thng c bitratethp. i li, tp phim WMV thng nh, thi gian upload v downloadnhanh, ph hp vi nhng bn c ng truyn Internet khng cao vkhng c i hi cao v cht lng phim. Dng phim MPEG c th chia lm hai l Mpeg 1 v Mpeg 2. Dng Mpeg 1 thng dng lm cc a VCD m cc bn thy rt nhiutrn th trng Trung Quc v Vit Nam. Dng ny c cht lng hnh nhtng i tt nhng kch thc ca tp nng hn ca tp phim dng WMV.Ni chung vi dng Mpeg 1 cc bn cng khng c g kh khn ng k biv Windows Media Player c sn trn my ca bn h tr y dng Mpeg1 ny. Dng Mpeg 2 thng dng lm cc a SVCD cht lng cao v a DVD.Cc bn thng thng bt u gp kh khn vi dng Mpeg 2 ny doWindows Media Player tuy c h tr Mpeg 2 nhng vi iu kin cc bnphi c codec (compressor/decompressor) tng thch. Nu trn my tnhca cc bn c ci sn cc chng trnh chuyn dng xem a DVD nhPower DVD hay InterVideo cc bn c sn b codec tng thch cdng phim Mpeg 2 ny. Dng AVI m cc bn gp bao gm hai nh dng l DivX v Xvid.y l dng phim nn c cht lng kh cao mc d c kch thc tp khnh. Chnh v y l dng nn cao nn cng c i hi cao v tc camy tnh, hay ni ng ra l tc ca CPU. Cc bn gp kh khn khi xem phim nh dng AVI (thng l c tingm khng c hnh) v cc bn cha c codec tng thch. Cc bn c thti b codec DivX ti y. B codec ny cho php cc bn xem c c hai dng phim DivX v Xvid.

Tuy nhin, vi nh dng Xvidcc bn vn c th gp kh khn (phim khng c hnh) ngay khi ci bcodec DivX. Trong trng hp , cc bn cn ci thm b codec Xvid cth ly ti y.Nu sau cc bn vn cha xem c hon chnh (phim c hnh nhngkhng c ting) l v tp phim s dng h thng ting AC3 ch khngphi Mp2 hay Mp3 thng thng. Trong trng hp ny, cc bn cn cithm b lc AC3 c th ly ti y. Dng tip theo l RM/RMVR. y l dng phim ca Real Media. xem c dng phim ny, cc bn cn ci t chng trnh Real Player c th ti ti y. Dng cui cng l DAT.Cc bn thng gp dng DAT khi ngi chiu phim chp trc tip t cca VCD/SVCD. Dng DAT trn thc t khng khc Mpeg l bao. Chnh vvy nu my tnh ca bn c c Mpeg1/2 th cng c c DAT. Ccbn c th dng cc my c thng thng xem phim dng DAT. n gin ha mi chuyn, cc bn c th la chn mt trong hai cch sau : 1. S dng b codec tng hp K Lite Codec c th ly ti y. B codec ny cho php bn c th xem y cc dng phim thng thng. 2. S dng "u my" a di nng. Thng dng nht l VLC player, ly ti y hoc Windows Media Classic (c sn trong b K Lite Codec) hoc ti ring l ti y. Ring vi dng DivX v Xvid, u c c xem l tt nht l BSPlayer c th ti ti y. S b l nh vy, cc bn t tm hiu tip nu quan tm