voip server.

txt Thit lp cuc gi t hai my tnh client thuc cng mt h thng ci Asterisk vi nhau thng qua internet cng d thi m, nguyn l nh sau: Mnh din gii trc th ny nh: Cc my l trong cng mt mng LAN kt ni vi server Asterisk theo nguyn tc client - server qua tp giao thc TCP/IP, ngha l t my l (client) phi m mt cng (port) ngu nhin (>1024) + vi IP ca n, hai ci ny to thnh mt socket kt ni vi my ch Asterisk thng qua mt cng c nh no (mnh qun ci cng mc nh ca Asterisk ri), gi tr ca cng ny thng < 1024 (ln hn cng khng sao, min l khng trng vi bt k ng dng no ang chim). Gi tr ca cng ny + IP ca my ch to thnh mt socket na p ng vi yu cu kt ni t my client. n y bn hnh dung c cha ? Hai my tnh trong cng mng LAN s c cng subnet nn vic kt ni vi nhau khng c vn g, nhng ta li mun kt ni chng qua internet c, thm mt vn khc. Thng th bn ch c kt ni internet thng qua mt modem ADSL, modem ny s c mt giao din WAN (l giao din ni n ISP), a ch IP ny thuc di public. Ly v d n l IP tnh nh (ng th xt sau), by gi server Asterisk ny sau modem ADSL ny v c th truy cp internet thng qua modem ADSL (IP ca giao din ethernet trn modem chnh l default gateway ca my ch Asterisk). T mt my tnh bt k c kt ni internet ta ch ni c n giao din WAN ca modem ADSL m thi bi IP nm pha sau modem ADSL thuc di private v n khng bao gi c php nh tuyn ra ngoi mng public -> modem no cng phi dng NAT (nh x cc a ch private qua mt a ch public duy nht ca giao din WAN). Vy mun mt my tnh bt k trn internet ni ti my ch Asterisk ca ta nm pha sau modem th phi lm sao ? Cu tr li l s dng tnh nng port forward ca modem ADSL. n y mnh khng hng dn thm na nh v nu bn tng dng my tnh nh l mt Web hoc FTP server cho ngi khc truy cp vo th vic cha ng Asterisk ra cho mi ngi kt ni n cng ging y nh vy. Ch l mi loi modem ADSL n s biu th tnh nng port forward ca n vi mt tn gi khc nhau, v d vi modem Planet th n ghi l "virtual server" cn Zyxel th ghi l "port forward" - phng thc ny cho php cc my tnh t mng public (internet) truy cp vo cc my tnh nm pha sau modem s dng giao thc NAT bng cch m cc port trn modem tng ng vi cc port ca cc my tnh nm pha sau n (bn phi khai bo danh sch cc port cn m tng ng vi IP ca tng my tnh nm trong mng LAN pha sau modem). Nu bn cha lm vic ny bao gi th c th tm trn internet, h c hng dn bng hnh nh lun.

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