Bi tp chng 2:

Khi tin chi tit trc trn my tin ta o c cc gi tr ng knh trc d theo
cc phng n sau. Xc nh cc c tnh phn b gi tr ng knh d.
Phng n 2:
29,680 29,578 29,286 29,367 29,231 29,463 29,696 29,740 29,708 29,292
29,404 29,730 29,430 29,398 29,486 29,383 29,481 29,648 29,449 29,425
29,593 29,378 29,583 29,556 29,523 29,379 29,485 29,532 29,477 29,620
29,467 29,593 29,479 29,490 29,357 29,483 29,691 29,404 29,501 29,675
29,307 29,407 29,553 29,513 29,631 29,317 29,617 29,512 29,500 29,224
29,438 29,549 29,251 29,279 29,480 29,211 29,357 29,652 29,507 29,394
29,512 29,247 29,285 29,274 29,461 29,649 29,395 29,749 29,274 29,672
29,428 29,740 29,389 29,597 29,517 29,490 29,527 29,741 29,412 29,633

Ta c: N = 8.10 = 80
S on c th chn: k = 7. Mi on c xc nh bng 1 khong gi tr h:

X max X min 29,762 29,211

0,0787
2
2

chn h = 0,1 v ymin = 29,150; ymax = 29,850

Khong gi tr,
mm
1

x, mm

Phn b s

Tn s

tn s

liu

(f)

tch ly

fu

fu2

29,150

29,250

29,200

////

-3

-12

36

29,250

29,350

29,300

//// //// /

13

-2

-18

36

19

32

-1

-19

19

25

57

//// //// //// ////

3

29,350

29,450

29,400

///
//// //// //// ////

29,450

29,550

29,500

//// //// /

29,550

29,650

29,600

//// //// //// /

13

70

-1

13

13

29,650

29,750

29,700

//// //// /

79

-2

18

36

29,750

29,850

29,800

80

-3

-15

149

Tng cng

80

Gi tr ct 6 c tnh theo cng thc:

Ui

X i 29 ,500
0,1

Khi gi tr trung bnh v sai lch bnh phng trung bnh c xc nh theo
cng thc:
7

U
i 1

f i u i 15

0,1875
80
80
2

80. f i u f i ui
2
i 1
i 1
80.148 15 1,850
S u2
80.79
80.79
7

2
i

T y ta suy ra gi tr trung bnh v sai lch bnh phng trung bnh i lng
X:
X 29 ,500 0,1.U 29 ,519 mm
S X2 h 2 .SU2 0,12.1,850 0,0185

Suy ra:

SX = 0,1360

Biu phn b:

BI TP 3:
S dng phng php bnh phng nh nht xc nh s ph thuc gia X v Y:

3,7

4,2

7,5

10

5,8

3,192

3,967

3,7

3,467

3,3

3,233

Tp hp im:

7
6
5
4
3

Series1

2
1
0
2

3.7

4.2

7.5

10

ng cong biu din quan h X, Y dng ng bc 2:

tm bo, b1 v b11 ta gii h phng trnh:
Nbo b1 x1 j b11 x12j y j

2
3
bo x1 j b1 x1 j b11 x1 j y j x1 j

2
3
4
2
bo x1 j b1 x1 j b11 x1 j y j x1 j

Hoc c th vit di dng:

[

] [

] = [

Lp bn:

X2

X3

X4

XY

X2Y

5.8

16

11.6

23.2

3.7

4.192

13.69

50.653

187.416 15.5104 57.3885

4.2

3.967

17.64

74.088

311.17

3.7

25

125

625

18.5

92.5

3.467

36

216

1296

20.802

124.812

3.3

49

343

2401

23.1

161.7

7.5

3.233

56.25

16.6614 69.9779

421.875 3164.06 24.2475 181.856

5

10

100

Tng

45.4

30.659

301.58

] = [

Do :

1000

10000

300

2238.62 18000.6 160.421 1011.43

=[

=[

30

Quan h gia X, Y l;
=>

BI TP 4:
Phng n 2:
Bng kt qu thc nghim:
Gc ct

Gc sau

d0

a0

40

7,5

364

475

374,99

50

10

475

527

459,3

40

393

399

401,18

55

10

516

632

526,1

45

2,5

417

385

432,21

35

383

332

374,94

S7

45

418

431

423,48

TT

Fz, N

yj

bng trn ct th 4 l gi tr trung bnh lc ct Fz, ct th 5 l phng sai th

nghim. Theo tiu chun Corchan ta nh gi gi thuyt v tnh ng nht cc phng
sai ny. Khi h s Gt xc nh theo cng thc:
6

l phng sai c gi tr ln nht.

Vi

Theo bng tiu chun ( phc lc 3), tng ng vi q = 0,05 v f = n 1 = 9 1

= 8 v m = 7 ta tm c Gb = 0,34
V Gt < Gb nn gi thuyt v tnh ng nht phng sai c chp nhn.
Sau ta tnh phng sai ti hin nh l gi tr trung bnh phng sai th
nghim theo cng thc:

* +
(

S bc t do:

Tnh ton h s f t hi quy theo k hiu c m ha cc nhn t:

Ma trn hm c s vi cc nhn t c m ha:

No

xo

x1

x2

x12

x22

x1x2

-0,5

0,5

0,25

0,25

-0,25

0,5

0,25

0,5

-0,5

-1

0,25

0,5

-1

-0,5

0,25

-1

-1

tnh h s phng trnh hi quy ta phi xc nh ma trn cc hm c s theo

k hiu m ha cc nhn t. Cho m hnh hi quy a thc bc 2:

Khi ma trn cc hm s c s ca m hnh ny cha cc ct:

,
H s hi quy xc nh theo phng php bnh phng nh nht v thu c
theo bng:
i

bi

cii

s{bi}

tbs{bi}

bi

423,48

0,8527

19,6849

25,1021

423,9

93,04

2,3633

32,7715

44,0183

93,04

-17,46

1,3995

25,2186

29,474

11

27,04

8,4452

69,9494

91,1229

22

4,9172

47,2706

54,2692

12

14,9682 82,4742

87,9264

nh gi gi tr cc h s phng trnh hi quy ta thc hin theo iu kin:

* +;

| |

* +

* +

thc hin iu ta xc nh gi tr phn t cii ca ma trn (XTX)-1, trong

X l ma trn hn c s. Kt qu tnh cho trn ct 2 bng 4.3 tng ng cc h s q
= 0,05 v s bc t do fy = 56, theo ph lc ta tnh c tb = 3,3
Gi * + bng trn:
Do :
Tip theo ta kim tra tnh thch hp m hnh va nhn c. u tin ta xc
nh cc gi tr xc nh theo m hnh ton. Kt qu tnh cho trn ct 6 ca bng
trn. Sau ta xc nh tng bnh phng c trng s thch hp m hnh:

Tng ng vi s bc t do:
Phng sai thch hp

xc nh theo cng thc:

8

4. Gi tr tnh ton F theo tiu chun Fisher xc nh theo cng thc:

* +

5. tng t mc gi tr q = 0,01 v fth = 5 t s v fy = 56 mu s ta tm c

Fb = 3,4
V Fb = 3,4 > Ft = 0,512 nn m hnh l thch hp.

BI TP 5
Nghin cu nh hng ca cc nhn t khi tin: gc sau , gc trc , gc
chnh , gc ph 1, t m dao r n bn mm T ca dao tin. Cc gi tr thay
i trong khong sau: = 20 90 ; = 390 450; r = 0,2 0,8
Phng n:
Phng

bn mn dao tin

Gi tr thc nghim tm

10

11

12

30,5

31,02

30,0

29,9

32,1

29,8

32,6

30,1

25,0

23,9

23,8

29,0

Nhn t

M ha

Ma gi tr

Khong
thay i

Cao nht + 1

C s ( )

Thp nht -1

x2

3,5

5,5

x3

45

42

39

x5

0,3

0,8

0,5

0,2

Ma trn quy hoch v kt qu thc nghim cho trong bng sau:

No

xo

x1

x2

x3

x1x2

x1x3

x2x3

y(T), min

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

30,5

+1

-1

+1

+1

-1

-1

+1

31,02

+1

+1

-1

+1

-1

+1

-1

30,0

+1

-1

-1

+1

+1

-1

-1

29,9
9

+1

+1

+1

-1

+1

-1

-1

32,1

+1

-1

+1

-1

-1

+1

-1

29,8

+1

+1

-1

-1

-1

-1

+1

32,6

+1

-1

-1

-1

+1

+1

+1

30,1

Ngoi ra tin hng 4 th nghim vi cc gi tr nhn t mc c s vi kt qu

y thu c:
25,0

23,9

238

29,0

Phng trng hi quy c dng:

y = bo + b1x1 + b2x2 + b3x3 + b4x1x2 + b5x1x3 + b6x2x3

H s theo phng trnh hi quy:

Kt qu thu c:
bo

30,5 31,02 30 29,9 32,1 29,8 32,6 30,1

30,7525
8

b1

30,5 31,02 30 29,9 32,1 29,8 32,6 30,1

0,5475
8

b2

30,5 31,02 30 29,9 32,1 29,8 32,6 30,1

0,1025
8

b3

30,5 31,02 30 29,9 32,1 29,8 32,6 30,1

0,3975
8

b12

30,5 31,02 30 29,9 32,1 29,8 32,6 30,1

0,1025
8

b13

30,5 31,02 30 29,9 32,1 29,8 32,6 30,1

0,6525
8

b23

30,5 31,02 30 29,9 32,1 29,8 32,6 30,1

0,3025
8

Vy phng trnh hi quy:

y = 30,7525 + 0,5475x1 + 0,1025x2 0,3975x3 0,1025x1x2 0,6525x1x3
0,3025x2x3
Gi tr phng sai thu c t 4 th nghim tm:
No

yi

(y - )

(y - )2

25

25,425

-0,425

0,18063
10

23,9

-1,525

2,32563

23,8

-1,625

2,64063

29,0

3,575

12,7806

101,7

= 5,9758

17,9275

Bi tp 5.2
Quy hoch thc nghim ring phn 2k-3 = 24 = 16 vi k = 7, khi thay th
x5 = x1x2x3; x6 = x1x3x4; x7 = x2x3x4
x5

x6

x7

x5=x1x2x3

x6=x1x3x4

x7=x2x3x4

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

-1

-1

+1

-1

+1

+1

-1

+1

-1

-1

-1

+1

+1

+1

-1

-1

+1

+1

+1

-1

+1

-1

-1

-1

+1

-1

+1

-1

+1

+1

+1

-1

+1

+1

-1

-1

+1

+1

-1

+1

+1

-1

-1

-1

+1

-1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

-1

+1

-1

-1

10

+1

-1

+1

+1

-1

-1

+1

-1

11

+1

+1

-1

+1

-1

-1

-1

+1

12

+1

-1

-1

+1

-1

+1

+1

+1

13

+1

+1

+1

-1

-1

-1

+1

+1

14

+1

-1

+1

-1

-1

+1

-1

+1

15

+1

+1

-1

-1

-1

+1

+1

-1

16

+1

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

-1

No

x0

x1

x2

x3

x4

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

-1

+1

+1

+1

+1

thu c h thng phi hp ta kho st cc tng phn xc nh:

1 = x1x2x3x5 ;

1 = x1x3x4x6

1 = x2x3x4x7

11

H thng phi hp: 1 = x2x4x5x6 ;

1 = x1x4x5x7 ;

1 = x1x2x6x7 ;

1=

x3x5x6x7
tng phn xc nh m rng:
1 = x1x2x3x5 = x1x3x4x6 = x2x3x4x7 = x2x4x5x6 = x1x4x5x7 = x1x2x6x7 = x3x5x6x7 (*)
Nhn chng tng ng cho:
x0, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x1x2, x1x3, x1x4, x1x5, x1x6, x1x7, x2x4, x1x2x3x4x5x6x7
Do , t (*) suy ra
x1 = x2x3x5 = x3x4x6 = x1x2x3x4x7= x1x2x4x5x6 = x4x5x7 = x2x6x7 = x1x3x5x6x7
x2 = x1x3x5 = x1x2x3x4x6 = x3x4x7 = x4x5x6 = x1x2x4x5x7 = x1x6x7 = x2x3x5x6x7
x3 = x1x2x5 = x1x4x6 = x2x4x7 = x2x3x4x5x6 = x1x3x4x5x7 = x1x2x3x6x7 = x5x6x7
x4 = x1x2x3x4x5 = x1x3x6 = x2x3x7 = x2x5x6 = x1x5x7 = x1x2x4x6x7 = x3x4x5x6x7
x5 = x1x2x3 = x1x3x4x5x6 = x2x3x4x5x7 = x2x4x6 = x1x4x7 = x1x2x5x6x7 = x3x6x7
x6 = x1x2x3x5x6 = x1x3x4 = x2x3x4x6x7= x2x4x5 = x1x4x5x6x7 = x1x2x7 = x3x5x7
x7 = x1x2x3x5x7 = x1x3x4x6x7 = x2x3x4 = x2x4x5x6x7 = x1x4x5 = x1x2x6 = x3x5x6
x1x2 = x3x5 = x2x3x4x6 = x1x3x4x7 = x1x4x5x6 = x2x4x5x7 = x6x7 = x1x2x3x5x6x7
x1x3 = x2x5 = x4x6 = x1x2x4x7 = x1x2x3x4x5x6 = x3x4x5x7 = x2x3x6x7 = x1x5x6x7
x1x4 = x2x3x4x5 = x3x6 = x1x2x3x7 = x1x2x5x6 = x5x7 = x2x4x6x7 = x1x3x4x5x6x7
x1x5 = x2x3 = x3x4x5x6 = x1x2x3x4x5x7 = x1x2x4x6 = x4x7 = x2x5x6x7 = x1x3x6x7
x1x6 = x2x3x5x6 = x3x4 = x1x2x3x4x6x7 = x1x2x4x5 = x4x5x6x7 = x2x7 = x1x3x5x7
x1x7 = x2x3x5x7 = x3x4x6x7 = x1x2x3x4 = x1x2x4x5x6x7 = x4x5= x2x6 = x1x3x5x6
x2x4 = x1x3x4x5 = x1x2x3x6 = x3x7 = x5x6 = x1x2x5x7 = x1x4x6x7 = x2x3x4x5x6x7
x1x2x3x4x5x6x7 = x4x6x7 = x2x5x7 = x1x5x6 = x1x3x7 = x2x3x6 = x3x4x5 = x1x2x4
Tnh lun nhng gi tr tng phn xc nh, c tt c
S tng tc kp: bc 2:
bc 5:

; bc 3:
; bc 6:

; bc 4:

; bc 7:

T y ta c h thng phi hp sau:

b1 = 1 + 235 + 346 + 12347 + 12456 + 457 + 267 + 13567
b2 = 2 + 135 + 12346 + 347 + 456 + 12457 + 167 + 23567
b3 = 3 + 125 + 146 + 247 + 23456 + 13457 + 12367 + 567
b4 = 4 + 12345 + 136 + 237 + 256 + 157 + 12467 + 34567
b5 = 5 + 123 + 13456 + 23457 + 246 + 147 + 12567 + 367
12

b6 = 6 + 12356 + 134 + 23467 + 245 + 14567 + 127 + 357

b7 = 7 + 12357 + 13467 + 234 + 24567 + 145 + 126 + 356
b12 = 12 + 35 + 2346 + 1347 + 1456 + 2457 + 67 + 123457
b13 = 13 + 25 + 46 + 1247 + 123456 + 3457 + 2367 + 1567
b14 = 14 + 2345 + 36 + 1237 + 1256 + 57 + 2467 + 134567
b15 = 15 + 23 + 3456 + 123457 + 1246 + 47 + 2567 + 1367
b16 = 16 + 2356 + 34 + 123467 + 1245 + 4567 + 27 + 1357
b17 = 17 + 2357 + 3467 + 1234 + 124567 + 45 + 26 + 1356
b24 = 24 + 1345 + 1236 + 37 + 56 + 1257 + 1467 + 234567
b1234567 = 1234567 + 467 + 257 + 156 + 137 + 236 + 345 + 124
Do PTHQ c dng:
y = b0 +b1x1 + b2x2 + b3x3 + b4x4 + b5x5 +b6x6 + b7x7 + b12x1x2 + b13x1x3 + b14x1x4 +
b15x1x5 + b16x1x6 + b17x1x7 + b24x2x4 + b1234567x1x2x3x4x5x6x7
BI TP 6:
Nghin cu ph thuc cng sut ct P khi phay vt liu vo vn tc ct v (2
m/s v 6 m/s) v t mi dao (10 m 60 m). Ma trn quy hoch dng
quay u v kt qu thc nghim cho trong bng sau.
No

Gi tr m ha
x0

x1

Gi tr t nhin Gi tr cng sut,

X1, m/s X2, m

x2

kW

+1

+1

+1

60

3,254

+1

+1

-1

10

0,886

+1

-1

+1

60

1,586

+1

-1

-1

10

0,474

+1

+1,414

1,525

+1

-1,414

0,055

+1

+1,414

3,540

+1

-1,414

1,080
13

a) Xc nh cc gi tr t nhin? trong ma trn quy hoch.

b) Xc nh phng trnh hi quy bc 2 dng m ha.
c) Biu din phng trnh dng t nhin v phn tch kt qu.
Bi lm:
a,
No

Gi tr m ha
x0

x1

Gi tr t nhin Gi tr cng sut,

X1, m/s X2, m

x2

kW

+1

+1

+1

60

3,254

+1

+1

-1

10

0,886

+1

-1

+1

60

1,586

+1

-1

-1

10

0,474

+1

+1,414

60

1,525

+1

-1,414

10

0,055

+1

+1,414

60

3,540

+1

-1,414

10

1,080

b, Phng trnh hi quy dng:

y = bo + b1x1 + b2x2
H s theo phng trnh hi quy:

Kt qu thu c:
bo

3,254 0,886 1,586 0,474 1,525 0,055 3,54 1,08

1,55
8

b1

3,254 0,886 1,586 0,474 1,525.1,414 0,055.1,414

0,519823
8

b2

3,254 0,886 1,586 0,474 3,54.1,414 1,08.1.414

0,869805
8

Vy phng trnh hi quy:

y = 1,55 + 0,519823x1 + 0,869805x2
14

15