Chng V: CHT KH

. .
1/ 28.6* Bit khi lng ca 1 mol nc
3
18.10

kg v 1mol c
23
6, 02.10
A
N phn t. Xc nh
s phn t c trong 200 cm
3
nc. Khi lng ring ca nc l
1000
kg/m
3
.
Gii
Khi lng ca nc
m V
Khi lng ca mt phn t nc : 0
.
A
m
N

S phn t nc phi tm:

3 4 23
24
3
0
10 .2.10 .6, 02.10
6, 7.10
18.10
A
VN m
n
m

phn t.
2/ 28.7*. Mt lng kh khi lng 15kg cha 5,64.10
26
phn t. Phn t kh ny gm cc nguyn t
hidro v cacbon. Hy xc nh khi lng ca nguyn t cacbon v hidro trong kh ny. Bit mt mol
kh c
23
6, 02.10
A
N phn t.
Gii
S mol kh :
A
N
n
N

(N l s phn t kh)
Mt khc,
m
n

. Do :
23
3
26
. 15.6, 02.10
16, 01.10
5, 64.10
A
m N
N

kg/mol (1)
Trong cc kh c hir v ccbon th CH
4
c:
3
(12 4).10

+ kg/mol (2)
T (2) v (1) ta thy ph hp.
Vy kh cho l
4
CH
.
Khi lng ca phn t hp cht l:
4
CH
m
=
m
N
Khi lng ca nguyn t hidro l:
4
CH
m
m
N

Khi lng ca nguyn t hirl:

4 4
27
4 4
. 6, 64.10
16 16
H CH
m
m m
N

kg.
Khi lng ca nguyn t cacbon l:

4
26
12 12
. 2.10
16 16
C CH
m
m m
N

kg.
3/ 29.6. Mt lng kh nhit 18
o
C c th tch 1m
3
v p sut atm. Ngi ta nn ng nhit kh vi
p sut 3,5atm. Tch th tch kh nn.
Gii
3 1 1
1 1 2 2 2
2
1.1
0, 286
3, 5
PV
PV PV V m
P

.
4/ 29.7. Ngi ta iu ch kh hidro v cha mt bnh ln di p sut 1atm nhit 20
o
C. Tnh th
tch kh, ly t bnh ln ra np vo bnh nh th tch l 20lit di p sut 25atm. Coi nhit khng
i.
Gii
2 2
1
1
25.20
500
1
PV
V
P

(lt)
5/ 29.8. Tnh khi lng kh oxi ng trong bnh th tch 10 lit di p sut 150atm nhit 0
o
C.
Bit u kin chun khi lng ring ca oxi l 1,43 kg/m
3
.
Gii
Bit 0
0
m
V

v
m
V
suy ra
0 0
V V
(1)
Mt khc
0 0
PV PV
(2)
(v nhit ca kh bng nhit iu kin chun).
T (1) v(2) suy ra:
3 0
0
1, 43.150
214, 5 /
1
p
kg m
p

v
2
214, 5.10 2,145 . m kg

29.9*. chnh gia mt ng thy tinh nm ngang, tit din nh, chiu di L = 100cm, hai u bt kn
c mt ct thy ngn di h = 20cm. Trong ng c khng kh. Khi t ng thng ng ct thy ngn
dch chuyn xung di mt on l = 10cm. Tm p sut ca khng kh trong ng khi ng nm ngang
ra cmHg v Pa.
Coi nhit khng kh trong ng khng i v khi lng ring thy ngn l = 1,36.10
4
kg/m
3
.
Gii
Trng thi 1 ca mi lng kh hai bn ct thu ngn (ng nm ngang)
1 1 1
; ;
2
L h
p V S T
_

,
Trng thi 2 (ng ng thng).
+ i vi lng kh trn ct thu ngn:
2 2 2 1
; ;
2
L h
p V l S T T
_
+

,
+ i vi lng kh di ct thu ngn:
' ' '
2 2 2 1
; ;
2
L h
p V l S T T
_


,
p sut kh phn di bng p sut kh phn trn cng vi p sut do ct thu ngn gy ra. Do
i vi kh phn di, ta c:
' ' '
2 2 2 2 1
; ;
2
L h
p p h V l S T T
_
+

,
p dng L BilMart cho tng lng kh. Ta c:
+ i vi kh trn:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
2
2
2 2
L h S L h l S
p p p L h p L h l
+
+ (1)
+ i vi kh di:
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
2
2
2 2
L h S L h l S
p p h p L h p h L h l

+ + (2)
T (1) & (2):
( )
2
2
4
h L h l
p
l

Thay gi tr P
2
vo (1) ta c:
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
1
2
2
1
4 4
1
4
4
20 100 20 4.10
37.5
4.10 100 20
1, 36.10 .9, 8.0, 375 5.10
h L h l
p
l L h
p cmHg
p gH Pa
1

]

1

]

6/ 30.6. Mt bnh kn cha kh oxi nhit 20
0
C v p sut 10
5
Pa. Nu em bnh phi nng nhit 40
0
C th
p sut trong bnh s l bao nhiu ?
Gii

5
5 1 2
2
1
10 .313
1, 068.10
293
p T
p Pa
T

7/ 30.7. Mt sm xe my c bm cng khng kh nhit 20
0
C v p sut 2 atm. Hi sm c b n khng
khi ngoi nng nhit 42
0
C? Coi s tng th tch ca sm l khng ng k v bit sm ch chu c p
sut ti a l 2,5 atm.
Gii

1 2
2
1
2.315
2,15 2, 5
293
p T
p atm atm
T
<

Sm khng b n.
8/ 30.8. Mt bnh thy tinh kn chu nhit cha khng kh iu kin chun. Nung nng bnh ln ti 200
0
C. p
sut khng kh trong bnh l bao nhiu? Coi s n v nhit ca bnh l khng ng k.
Gii

5
5 1 2
2
1
1, 013.10 .473
1, 755.10
273
p T
p Pa
T

9/ 30.10
*
. Mt chai cha khng kh c nt kn bng mt nt c trng lng khng ng k, tit din 2,5cm
2
.
Hi phi un nng khng kh trong chai ln ti nhit ti thiu bng bao nhiu nt bt ra ? Bit lc ma st
gia nt v chai c ln l 12 N, p sut ban u ca khng kh trong chai bng p sut kh quyn v bng
9,8.10
4
Pa, nhit ban u ca khng kh trong chai l -3
0
C.
Gii
Trc khi nt bt ra, th tch kh trong chai khng i v qu trnh un nng l qu trnh ng tch. Ti
thi im nt bt ra, p lc khng kh trong chai tc dng ln nt phi ln hn p lc ca kh quyn v
lc ma st:
2 1 ms
p S F p S > +
Do :
2 1
ms
F
p p
S
> +
V qu trnh l ng tch nn:
1 2
1 2
2
2 1
1
1
2 1
1
4
2 4 4
270 12
9, 8.10 402
9,8.10 2, 5.10
ms
p p
T T
p
T T
p
F T
T p
p S
T K

_
+

,
_
+

,
Phi un nng ti nhit t nht l T
2
= 402 K hoc
t
2
= 129
0
C.
10/ 31.6. Mt lng kh ng trong mt xi lanh c pittng chuyn ng c. Cc thng s trng thi ca lng
kh ny
l: 2 atm, 300K. Khi pit tong nn kh, p sut ca kh tng ln
ti 3,5 atm, th tch gim cn 12l. Xc nh nhit ca kh nn.
Gii
2 2 1
2
1 1
420
p V T
T K
pV

11/ 31.7. Mt bng thm khng c ch to c th tng bn knh ln ti 10m khi bay tng kh quyn c p
sut 0,03atm v nhit 200K. Hi bn kmh ca bong khi bm, bit bng c bm kh p sut 1 atm v nhit
300K ?
Gii

1 1 2 2
1 2
2 2 1
1
1 2
3
3
1
1
4
0, 03. .10 .300
4 3
3 200.1
3, 56
pV p V
T T
p V T
V
p T
R
R m

_

,


12/ 31.8. Tnh khi lng ring ca khng kh nhit 100
0
C v p sut 2.10
5
Pa. Bit khi lng ring ca
khng kh 0
0
C v 1,01.10
5
Pa l 1,29kg/m
3
.
Gii
Th tch ca 1 kg khng kh iu kin chun l:

3
0
0
1
0, 78
1, 29
m
V m

0
0
C v 101 kPa: p
o
= 101 kPa
V
0
= 0,78 m
3
T
0
= 273 K
100
0
C v 200 kPa: p = 200 kPa
T = 373 K
V = ?
Ta c:
3 0 0
0
0, 54
p V pV
V m
T T

V
3
1
1, 85 / .
0, 54
kg m
13/ 31.9. Mt bnh cu dung dch 20l cha oxi nhit 16
0
C v p sut 100atm. Tnh th tch ca lng kh
ny iu kin chun. To sao kt qu tm c ch l gn ng?
Gii

0
1889 V ;
lt.
V p sut qu ln nn kh khng th coi l kh l tng. Do kt qu tm c ch mang tnh
gn ng.
14/ 31.10*. Ngi ta bm kh oxi iu kin chun vo mt bnh c th tch 5000l. sau na gi bnh cha y
kh nhit 24
0
C v p sut 765mmHg. Xc nh khi lng kh bm vo sau mi giy. Coi qu trnh bm
din ra mt cch iu n.
Gii
Lng kh bm vo trong mi giy: 3,3g.
Sau t giy khi lng kh trong bnh l:
m Vt V
. Vi

l khi lng ring ca kh.

V l th tch kh bm vo sau mi giy.
V l th tch kh bm vo sau t giy.
0 0
0
p V pV
T T

(1) vi
m
V

v 0
0
m
V

thay V v V
0
vo (1) ta c:
0 0
0
pT
p T

Lng kh bm vo sau mi giy l:
0 0
0
5.765.273.1, 29
. 0, 0033 / 3, 3 / .
1800.760.297
pT m V V
x kg s g s
t t t p T


15/ 31.11*. Mt phng c kch thc 8m x 5m x 4m. Ban u khng kh trong phng iu kin chun, sau
nhit ca khng kh tng ln ti 10
o
C, trong khi p sut l 78 cmHg. Tnh th tch ca lng kh ra khi
phng v khi lng khng kh cn li trong phng.
Gii
3
1, 6 V m ; m = 204,84 kg
Lng khng kh trong phng trng thi ban u (iu kin chun)
p
0
= 76 cmHg ; V
0
= 5.8.4 = 160 m
3
; T
0
= 273 K
Lng khng kh trong phng trng thi 2:
p
2
= 78 cmHg ; V
2
; T
2
= 283 K
Ta c:
3 0 0 0 0 2 2 2
2
0 2 0 2
76.160.283
161, 60
273.78
p V p V T p V
V m
T T T p

Th tch khng kh thot ra khi phng:
3
2 0
161, 6 160 1, 6 V V V m
Th tch khng kh thot ra khi phng tnh iu kin chun l:
3 0 0 2 0 2
0
0 2 2 0
1, 6.78.273
1, 58
283.76
p V Vp T p V
V m
T T T p


Khi lng khng kh cn li trong phng:
( )
'
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
'
204, 84
m m m V V V V
m kg

31.12*. Mt xi lanh c pittong cch nhit v nm ngang. Pittong v tr chia xi lanh thnh hai phn bng nhau,
chiu di ca mi phn l 30cm. Mi phn cha mt lng kh nh nhau nhit 17
o
C v p sut 2 atm. Mun
pittong dch chuyn 2cm th phi un nng kh mt phn ln thm bao nhiu ? p sut cu kh pittong dch
chuyn l bao nhiu.
Gii
41, 4 T K
;
2,14 p atm
.

l l
i vi phn kh b nung nng:
+ Trng thi u:
1 1 1
; ; T lS V p
(1)
+ Trng thi cui: ( )
2 2 2
; ; T S l l V p + (2)
i vi phn kh khng b nung nng:
+ Trng thi u:
1 1 1
; ; T lS V p
(1)
+ Trng thi cui: ( )
1
'
2
'
2
'
2
; ; T T S l l V p (3)
Ta c:
1
'
2
'
2
2
2 2
1
1 1
T
V p
T
V p
T
V p

V pittng trng thi cn bng nn:
2
'
2
p p . Do :
( ) ( )
1 2
1
2
2
2
1
'
2 2
2
2 2
T
l l
l l
T
T
S l l p
T
S l l p
T
V p
T
V p

+

+

Vy phi un nng kh mt bn ln them T :
K T
l l
l
T T
l l
l l
T T T 4 , 41 290
02 , 0 3 , 0
02 , 0 . 2 2
1 1 1 1 2

+

V
2
2 2
1
1 1
T
V p
T
V p

nn:
T
1
T
2

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
atm p
l l T
T T l p
S l l T
T T lS p
V T
T V p
p
14 , 2
02 , 0 3 , 0 290
41 290 3 , 0 . 2
2
1
1 1
1
1 1
2 1
2 1 1
2

+
+

+
+

+
+