NHAN BIET MOT SO CHAT C BAN 1.

Nhn bit NH3 - Dung dch phenolphtalein: Dung dch phenolphtalein t mu tm hng chuyn sang khng mu - Qu tm: Lm xanh giy qu tm - Giy tm dung dch HCl: C khi trng xut hin NH3 + HCl NH4Cl (tinh th mui) - Dung dch mui Fe2+: To dung dch c mu trng xanh do NH3 b dung dch mui Fe2+ hp th 2NH3 + Fe2+ + 2H2O Fe(OH)2 (trng xanh) + 2NH4+ 2. Nhn bit SO3 - Dung dch BaCl2: To kt ta trng, bn, khng phn hy 3. Nhn bit H2S - Giy tm Pb(NO3)2: Lm en giy tm H2S + Pb(NO3)2 PbS + HNO3 4. Nhn bit O3, Cl2 - Dung dch KI: Lm xanh giy tm h tinh bt O3 + 2KI + H2O 2KOH + O2 + I2 Cl2 + 2KI 2KCl + I2 I2 sau khi sinh ra th lm xanh giy tm h tinh bt 5. Nhn bit SO2 - Dung dch Br2: Lm nht mu nu ca dung dch Br2 SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr - Dung dch KMnO4: Lm nht mu dung dch thuc tm 5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4 - Dung dch H2S: To bt mu vng SO2 + 2H2S 3S + 2H2O - Dung dch I2: Nht mu vng ca dung dch I2 SO2 + I2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HI - Dung dch Ca(OH)2 d: Lm cho nc vi trong b vn c SO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO3 + H2O 6. Nhn bit CO2 - Dung dch Ca(OH)2 d: Lm cho nc vi trong b vn c CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O 7. Nhn bit CO - Dung dch PdCl2: Lm vn c dung dch PdCl2 CO + PdCl2 + H2O Pd + HCl 8. Nhn bit NO2 - H2O, O2, Cu: NO2 tan tt trong nc vi s hin din ca khng

kh, dung dch sinh ra ha tan Cu nhanh chng 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 4HNO3 8HNO3 + 3Cu 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O 9. Nhn bit NO - Kh O2: Ha nu khi gp O2 2NO + O2 2NO2 (mu nu) - Dung dch mui Fe2+: B hp th bi dung dch mui Fe2+ to phc hp mu sm Fe2+ + NO [Fe(NO)]2+ 10. Nhn bit H2, CH4 - Bt CuO nung nng v d: - Chy trong CuO nng l cho CuO mu en chuyn sang mu ca Cu H2 + CuO Cu (mu ) + H2O CH4 + CuO Cu (mu ) + CO2 + H2O Ring CH4 c to ra kh CO2 lm c nc vi trong c d 11. Nhn bit N2, O2 - Dng tn m que dim: N2 lm tt nhanh tn m que dim O2 lm bng chy tn m que dim cht rn nh. Fe(OH)2 mu trng xanh Fe(OH)3 mu nu Ag3PO4 (vng) Ag2S mu en AgCl, BaSO4, PbCl2, NaHCO3, CaCO3,......... mu trng I2 rn mu tm th fi dd Br2 c mu da cam hoc nu ty nng ........................... AgBr vng nht AgI vng Ag2S en K2MnO4 : lc thm KMnO4 :tm Mn2+: vng nht Zn2+ :trng Al3+: trng mu ca mui sunfua _en: CuS ,FeS ,Fe2S3 ,Ag2S ,PbS ,HgS _Hng: MnS

_Nu: SnS _Trng: ZnS _Vng: CdS -----------------1 s mui khi t th chy vi cc ngn la mu khc nhau mui Ca2+ th chy vi ngn la mu cam, Na th ngn la mu vng, K ngn la mu tm...... Cn mt s mui c mu na : _ Cu2+ c mu xanh lam _ Cu1+ c mu gch _ Fe3+ mu nu _ Fe2+ mu trng xanh _ Ni2+ lc nht _ Cr3+ mu lc _ Co2+ mu hng _ MnO4- mu tm _ CrO4 2- mu vng ---- Tng hp hn mt cht Cht hoc ion Thuc th Phng trnh phn ng Hin tng Fe2+ OHKt ta mu lc nht Fe3+ OHKt ta mu nu Mg2+ OHKt ta mu trng Na,Na+ Ngn la n cn Ngn la mu vng K, K+ Ngn la n cn Ngn la mu tm Cd2+ S2Kt ta mu vng Ca2+ CO32Kt ta mu trng Al dd OHSi bt kh Al3+ OH-

Kt ta mu trng sau tan trong dd OH- d Zn2+ OHKt ta mu trng sau tan trong dd OH- d Pb2+ S2Kt ta mu en Cu2+ OHKt ta mu xanh Hg2+ IKt ta mu Ag+ ClKt ta mu trng NH4+ OHKh mi khai Ba2+ SO42Kt ta mu trng Sr2+ SO42Kt ta mu trng SO42- Ba2+ Kt ta mu trng SO3 dd Ba2+ Kt ta mu trng SO2(Ko mu) tc dng vi dd Brom dd brom mt mu H2S Pb2+ Kt ta mu en SO32- dd brom hoc Ba2+,Ca2+ SO32- +Br2+ H2O --> 2H+ +SO42-+2BrMt mu dd brom Kt ta mu trng

CO32- Ca2+ Kt ta mu trng CO2 dd Ca(OH)2 Kt ta mu trng PO43- Ag+ Kt ta mu vng I- Ag+ Kt ta vng m Br- Ag+ Kt ta mu vng nht Cl- Ag+ Kt ta mu trng NH3 Qu tm m Lm xanh qu tm ---------------------------Ru NaROH Si bt kh Ru a Cu(OH)2 To dung dch mu xanh Andehit 2OH k nhau hoc Cu(OH)_2/OH^-

Kt ta mu bc sng Kt ta mu gch HCOOH Ag2O/NH3 Kt ta mu bc sng Axit cacboxylic Qu tm Qu ha xanh HCOOR Ag2O/NH3 Kt ta bc sng Phenol dd Brom Kt ta trng Anilin dd Brom

Kt ta trng Amin mch h dd qu tm Qu tm ha xanh Glucozo Kt ta bc sng Fructozo Rezoxin Kt ta hng Saccarozo Dung dch xanh lam Mantozo Kt ta bc sng Tinh bt nh vi dt iot --> dung dch chuyn mu Mu xanh lam Anken dd brom Anken & Dd KMnO4 Mt mu dd dch Brom, KMnO4 Ankin-1 Ag2O/NH3 Kt ta mu vng Stiren dd Brom Mt mu dd Brom Toluen dd thuc tm (KMnO4) Mt mu ddKMnO4 _ Cc loi p. th v s, nhng thi anh nu ra vi ci c bn cho em trc : _axit + baz=>mui + nc VD: HCl + NaOH=>NaCl + H2O _axit + oxi baz=>mui + nc VD: 2HCl + CuO=>CuCl2 + H2O _axit + mui=>mui mi + axit mi VD: 2HCl + Na2S=>NaCl + H2S _axit + kl=>mui + kh (v nc ty axit) VD: H2SO4 long + Fe=>FeSO4 + H2 2H2SO4 c nng + Cu=>CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O _baz + mui=>mui mi + baz mi VD: 2NaOH + FeCl2=>2NaCl + Fe(OH)2 _baz + oxit axit=>mui + nc VD: NaOH + CO2=>Na2CO3

_mui + mui=>2 mui mi VD: NaCl + AgNO3=>NaNO3 + AgCl _mui + nc: trong a s TH y ch l qu trnh ha tan, tuy nhin mui ca baz yu v axit yu b thy phn trong nc VD: Al2S3 + 6H2O=>2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S