K thut tri ph trong CDMA

Li ni u
Nhng nm va qua, h thng thng tin di ng Vit Nam
s dng cng ngh GSM. Tuy nhin, trong tng lai v ang
pht trin ln h thng mi s dng cng ngh CDMA, nhm p
ng nhu cu ngy cng tng v s lng cng nh cht lng ca
dch v trn h thng.
Cng ngh CDMA da trn nguyn l tri ph t c
hiu qu s dng di thng ln hn nhiu ln so vi cc cng
ngh tng t hoc s khc, do s lng thu bao a truy nhp
ln hn rt nhiu. Nh vic dn rng ph tn hiu m c th
chng li c cc tc ng nhiu v bo mt tn hiu. Cc h
thng s dng cng ngh CDMA p ng c cc nhu cu v
thng tin di ng trong tng lai. Vic nm bt c cng ngh
ny l rt cn thit. Trong cng ngh CDMA, k thut tri ph
ng vai tr quan trng nht. T l do , sau qu trnh tm
hiu nhm chng em la chn ti: K thut tri ph
trong CDMA nghin cu.
Do thi gian tm hiu v trnh cn hn ch. Trong
phm vi bo co ny, chng em tp chung nghin cu 3 k thut
tri ph trong CDMA. Ni dung bo co gm 3 phn chnh:
- K thut tri ph trc tip ( V Hng Sn)
- K thut tri ph nhy thi gian ( V Vn Hai)
- K thut tri ph nhy tn (Chu t Thm )
T/m nhm sinh vin thc hin
Trng nhm
V Hng Sn
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1
K thut tri ph trong CDMA
1. K THUT TRI PH TRC TIP
1.1 Gii thiu
cc h thng thng tin thng thng, rng bng tn l vn quan tm chnh
v cc h thng ny thng c thit k sao cho s dng cng t rng bng tn cng
tt. Tuy nhin, h thng thng tin tri ph ( SS: Spread Spectrum), rng bng tn
ca tn hiu c m rng gp nhiu ln trc khi pht. Khi ch c 1 ngi s dng trong
bng tn tri ph th khng c hiu qu s dng bng tn. Nhng mi trng nhiu
ngi dng, h c th s dng chung mt bng tn tri ph v h thng khi t c
hiu qu s dng bng tn cao m vn duy tr c cc u im ca tri ph nh:
Chng nhiu tt
Chia s cng tn s vi nhiu ngi s dng
Bo mt tt do c chui m gi ngu nhin
Kh b nghe trm
Hn ch v lm gim hiu ng a ng truyn
Tuy nhin tri ph cng c nhng hn ch nh:
Khng hiu qu v bng thng
Hot ng phc tp
Nh vy, mt h thng thng tin c coi l h thng tri ph khi:
- Tn hiu c pht c rng bng tn ln hn nhiu so vi rng bng tn ti
thiu cn thit.
- Tri ph c thc hin bng mt m c lp vi s liu.
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2
K thut tri ph trong CDMA
1.2 Nguyn l tri ph trc tip
Hnh 1: Nguyn l tri ph
Trong CDMA, k thut tri ph chui trc tip (DS-SS) c s dng. Mi mt
ngi s dng c cp mt m ring bit. M c s dng thng l mt chui gi tp
m (PN-Pseudo Noise ) hay gi ngu nhin, c tc rt ln, ln hn tc bt d liu,
tc l phn t ca chui c rng thi gian rt nh, nh hn rng ca bit d liu v
c gi l chip.
H thng DS-SS t c bng cch nhn trc tip tn hiu cn tri ph vi tn
hiu gi ngu nhin. Tn hiu sau khi tri ph s iu ch sng mang theo BPSK hoc
QPSK trc khi truyn i. Pha thu s dng m PN gii tri ph ly ra tn hiu
mong mun.
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3
K thut tri ph trong CDMA
Hnh 2: tn hiu c tri ph
Tn hiu c pht d(t) c tri ph bng tn hiu PN c(t) bng cch nhn hai tn hiu
ny li vi nhau. Tn hiu nhn c d(t).c(t) sau s c iu ch cho sng mang
trc khi truyn i.
Hnh 3: Biu din tn hiu tri ph
- d(f) mt ph cng sut ca tn hiu trc khi tri ph
- dc(f) mt ph cng sut ca tn hiu sau khi tri ph
Tn hiu pht ca ngi th k l lung s thng tin ca ngi s dng dk(t) c tc
bt R
b
= 1/T
b
.
dk(t) c xc nh nh sau:
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K thut tri ph trong CDMA
( ) ( ) ( ) k k b b T d t d i p t iT

dk(t) l lung bt lng cc vi hia mc gi tr {+ 1,-1}.

Lung tn hiu dk(t) c tri ph bng cch nhn vi m tri ph (gi l m gi
tp m PN ) c(t) , c tc Rc= 1/T
c
ln hn nhiu ln so vi Rb. Phn t nh phn ca
chui c(t) c gi l mt chip phn bit n vi phn t nh phn (bit) ca bn tin.
M tri ph ny lm cho bng tn tn hiu sau khi tri ph s ln ln rt nhiu khi
truyn i ng thi cng dng phn bit cc thu bao khi tn dng ng truyn cho
qu trnh a truy nhp, m tri ph khng phi l ngu nhin m chng c chu k xc nh
v c bit trc i vi my thu ch nh. M tri ph l chui chip nhn cc gi tr {+
1,-1} gn nh ng xc sut v c biu din nh sau:
1
() () ( )
N
k k Tc c
i
ct cipt iT

Trong ci = 1,l chui xung nhn gi tr +1 hoc -1 v T

c
l rng ca mt
chip v T
c
= NT
b
(N s chip trong mt bt) , pT
c
l hm xung vung c xc nh nh
sau:
1, 0
( )
0,
c
Tc
t T
p t

' )

Sau tri ph tn hiu c tc chip Rc uc a ln iu ch sng mang bng cch
nhn vi tn hiu sng mang:
.
2
os(2 )
b
c
b
E
c f t
T

Trc khi truyn i nh sau:
( )
.
2
( ) ( ) ( ) os(2 ), 0
b
k k c b
b
E
S t d t c t c f t t T
T

Trong E
b
nng lng bt, T
b
l bit v fc l tn s sng mang.
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5
K thut tri ph trong CDMA
Ti pha thu, cc my thu c th phn bit c cc m tri ph, cc m ny
phi l cc m trc giao chu k T
b
tho mn iu kin sau:
1,
1
( ) ( )
0,
0
b
k j
b
T
k j
c t c t dt
k j T

' )

V tch ca ca hai m trc giao bng 1 nu l tch vi chnh n v l mt m trc

giao mi trong tp m trc giao nu l tch ca hai m khc nhau:
1,
( ) ( )
0,
k j
k j
c t c t
k j

' )

n gin ta coi rng my thu c ng b sng mang v m tri ph vi my
pht, ngha l tn s, pha sng mang v m tri ph ca my thu ging nh my pht.
Ngoi ra nu b qua tp m nhit ca ng truyn v ch xt nhiu ca K-1 ngi s
dng trong h thng, gi s cng sut tn hiu thu ti my thu k ca K ngi s dng
bng nhau v n gin ta cng b qua tr truyn sng, tn hiu thu s nh sau:
1
2
( ) ( ) ( ) os(2 )
K
br
j j c
b
j
E
r t d t c t c f t
T

Trong E
br
= E
b
/L
p
l nng lng bit thu, L
p
l suy hao ng truyn. Tn hiu thu
c a ln phn u ca qu trnh gii iu ch nhn vi sng mang:
.
2
os(2 ) c
b
c f t
T

Sau c a ln tri ph,kt qu cho ta:
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) os(4 )
K K
br
j j k j j k c
b
j j
E
u t d t c t c t d t c t c t c f t
T


_
+

,

Sau b tch phn thnh phn cao tn s b loi b,ta c:
1
0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
b b
K
br
j j k
b j
T T
E
v t u t dt d t c t c t dt
T



do tnh cht trc giao ca cc m tri ph v dj = {+1,-1} ta c kt qu nh sau:
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K thut tri ph trong CDMA
( ) ( ) k br br v t d t E E t
Mch quyt nh s cho ra mc 0 nu V(t) dng v 1 nu V(t) m kt qu ta c
chui bt thu, b(t) l c tnh ca chui pht.
trong h thng tri ph chui trc tip c hai cch tri ph chnh l:
+ tri ph DS/SS_ BPSK (Tri ph trc tip BPSK)
+ tri ph DS/SS_QPSK (Tri ph trc tip QPSK)
2. K THUT TRI PH NHY THI GIAN THSS
2.1 Gii thiu k thut tri ph nhy thi gian - THSS
THSS_Time Hopping Spread Spectrum: l h thng m bit cn truyn c
chia thnh cc khi k bit, mi khi c pht i mt cach ngu nhin trong cc cm ca
cc khe thi gian. Khe thi gian c chn pht cho mi cm c nh ngha bng
chui PN n c nhim v xc nh mu nhy khe thi gian
Hnh 2.1: Tri ph nhy thi gian ( THSS )
Trong : J l s khe thi gian
T
s
= T f /J
2.2 Nguyn l ca h thng THSS
Trong mt h thng tri ph nhy thi gian s liu c pht thnh cc cm. Mi
cm gm k bit s liu v thi gian chnh xc pht mi cm c xc nh bi mt
chui m PN. Ga s thang thi gian c chia thnh cc khung, mi khung T f giy. Sau
mi khung li c chia tip thnh J cc khe thi gian. V th mi khe thi gian chim
rng T
s
= T f /J giy. Biu thi gian c th hin nh sau
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K thut tri ph trong CDMA
Hnh 2.2: Biu thi gian cho mt h thng THSS
Trong thi gian mi khung mt nhm k bit d liu c pht trong T
s
giy tc l
mt trong J khe thi gian. Cc khe thi gian s c s dng pht c xc nh bi
chui PN. Mi bit ch chim T
0
= T
s
/K giy khi pht. Quan h gia T
s
, T
f
, T
0
c
m t trn hnh() . Ga s thi gian ca mt bit s liu l T, kp truyn dn s liu vo
ta cn T f = KT. Nu cc bit s liu vo l
{
i
b
, i l s nguyn
}
ta c th biu din tn
hiu THSS nh sau

TH
S
=
i

1
0
k
l

bl ik P 0
T
(t-i T
f
-ai Ts - l T0 )
Trong P
0
T l xung ch nht n v rng l T
0
giy, a
i

[ ] 1 ... 1 , 0 j
l s
ngu nhin c xc nh bi j bit ca chui PN v J= 2
j
vi i th hin khung th i, a i
th hin s khe thi gian, l l s th t bit trong cm
S liu c truyn cc cm k bit mi ln vi mi bit c pht trong khong T
0
=( T
f
/J)/k giy. V th tc bit trong cm l 1/ T
0
giy truyn bng tn gc c
rng bng tn l 1/T
0
Hz.Cn nu truyn bng thng th di thng s l 2/T
0
Hz. V bn
tin c rng l 1/T, rng bng tn c m rng l ( 1/T
0
)/(1/T) = ( k T)J/ T f = j
khi truyn dn bng gc v 2j khi truyn dn bng thng. li x l l (2/T
0
)/(2/T) =J
khi truyn bng thng.
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K thut tri ph trong CDMA
3. K THUT TRI PH NHY TN FHSS (Chu t Thm)
3.1 Nguyn l chung
H thng tri ph nhy tn Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, c nh ngha
l nhy hay chuyn i tn s sng mang mt tp hp cc tn s theo mu c xc
nh bi chui gi tp m PN.
Trong cc h thng thng tin kiu tri ph nhy tn FH, m tri ph gi tp m
khng trc tip iu ch sng mang c iu ch, nhng n c s dng iu
khin b tng hp tn s. mi thi im nhy tn, b to m gi tp m a ra mt
on k chip m iu khin b tng hp tn s, theo iu khin ca on k chip m
ny, b tng hp tn s s nhy sang hot ng tn s tng ng thuc tp 2k cc tn
s.
Mi on gm k chp m c gi l mt t tn s, bi vy s c 2
k
t tn s. Do
cc t tn s xut hin ngu nhin nn tn s dao ng do b tng hp tn s to ra nhn
mt gi tr thuc tp 2
k
tn s cng mang tnh ngu nhin. Ph ca tn hiu nhy tn c b
rng nh ca sng mang c iu ch ch khc l n b dch tn i mt khong bng
tn s dao ng do b tng hp tn s to ra v nh hn rt nhiu so vi rng bng
tri ph. Tuy nhin, tnh trung bnh trn nhiu bc sng nhy th ph tn hiu nhy tn
li chim ton b b rng bng tri ph.
Tc nhy tn c th nhanh hay chm hn tc s liu. T ta c 2 loi h
thng tri ph nhy tn, l h thng nhy tn nhanh v h thng nhy tn chm.
My pht FHSS
S khi my pht FHSS c m t nh hnh v:
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K thut tri ph trong CDMA
Tn hiu d liu b(t) a vo c iu ch FSK thnh tn hiu x(t). Trong khong
thi gian mi bt x(t) c mt trong hai tn s f v f+f, tng ng vi bt 0 v 1 ca d
liu. Tn hiu ny c trn vi tn hiu y(t) t b tng hp tn s. C mi T
h
giy, tn s
y(t) li c thay i theo cc gi tr ca k bit nhn c t b to m PN. Do c 2 t
hp k bit nn ta c th c 2
k
cc tn s khc nhau c to ra bi b tng hp tn s. B
trn to ra tn s ca tng v hiu, mt trong hai tn s ny c lc ra b lc bng
thng (BPF).
Ta c th vit tn hiu u ra ca b tng hp tn s trong on nhy 1 nh sau:
y(t) = 2A cos [ 2 (f
g
+ i
l
f)t + ] ; vi T
h
<t<(l+1)T
h
Trong :
+ i
l
{0, 2, 4, ... 2(2k 1)} l s nguyn chn.
+ f
g
: l mt tn s khng i
+ : l gi tr pha.
Gi tr ca i
l
c xc nh bi k bit nhn c t b to chui gi tp m. Gi thit rng
b lc BPF ly ra tn s tng u ra ca b trn. Khi ny ta c th vit tn hiu u
ra b lc BPF trong bc nhy nh sau:
y(t) = 2A cos [ 2 (f
0
+ i
l
f + b
l
f)t +
1
] ; vi l<t< (l+1)T
h
Trong :
+ b
1
{0, 1} l gi tr ca s liu l<t< (l+1)T
h
v f
0
= f + f
g
Ta thy rng tn s pht s bng f
0
+ i
l
f khi b1 = 0 v bng f0 + i
l
f + f khi b
l
= 1.
V th cc tn s c th c pht s l { f
0
, f
0
+ f, f
0
+ 2f, ... f
0
+ (K-1)f}. Trong
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K thut tri ph trong CDMA
K = 2
k+1
, c th c tn s nhy l K. c bit pha
1
c th thay i t bc nhy ny
ti bc nhy khc v b tng hp tn s rt kh duy tr n khng i.
B phn nhn tn hnh trn l ty chn. Mc ch ca n l tri rng thm bng
tn ca FHSS. B nhn bng tn c s dng to ra tn hiu iu tn bng rng t tn
hiu iu tn bng hp. H s ca b nhn tn c mc ch lm tng tn s v pha ca
tn hiu u vo ln.
Xt v rng bng tn, tn s ca FH khng thay i trong mt on nhy. Trong
ton b khong thi gian, tn hiu pht nhy tt c K tn s, v th n chim rng
bng tn l:
B
FH
= K.f
tnh ton li x l, ta bit rng rng bng tn knh cn thit truyn
s liu bng 2/T
b
, nn G
p
l t s gia rng bng tn knh truyn d liu tri ph
v rng bng tn cn thit truyn tn hiu bng tn gc nh sau:
G
p
= K.f / (2/T
b
) = KT
b
/ 2T
h
Trong ta gi thit rng phn cch tn s bng 1/T
b
. Nu ta s dng thm b nhn
tn c h s th ph ca tn hiu FH s m rng ln. V th rng bng tn tng hp
ca tn hiu FH ny l .Kf (Hz) v khi li s tnh bng:
G
p
= .K.f / (2/T
b
) = .KT
b
/ 2T
h
My thu FHSS
S khi my thu FHSS c m t nh hnh v:
Tn hiu ca my thu c lc bi b loc bng thng BPF c rng bng thng
bng rng ca bng tn hiu FHSS ngha l vo khong f
0
-0,5f (Hz) n f
0
+(K -
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K thut tri ph trong CDMA
0,5)f (Hz). Hnh 3 m t cc h thng con thc hin khi phc nh thi k hiu v
ng b chui PN, y khng cn khi phc sng mang v my thu s dng gii iu
ch khng lin kt v do tc nhy tn nhanh my thu rt kh theo di c pha ca
sng mang khi pha ny thay i mi bc nhy. B to chui PN ti pha pht to ra
mt chui PN ng b vi chui thu, u ra ca b tng hp tn s s l:
g(t) = Acos [2 (f
g
+ i
l
f)t + ] ; vi lT
h
< t < (l+1)T
h
B qua tp m, u vo BPF s l:
g(t).s(t) = Acos [2 (f
g
+ i
l
f)t +].Acos [2 (f
0
+ i
l
f + b
l
f)t + ]
Vi: lT
h
< t < (l+1)T
h
g(t).s(t) = A/2 {cos [2 (f
g
+ f
0
+ 2ilf + b
l
f)t + + ] + cos [2 (f
g
f
0
+ b
l
f)t
+ ] }
Thnh phn tn s cao b b lc BPF loi b v ch cn li thnh phn tn s thp.
Ta k hiu f
0
= fg + f. Vy u vo b gii iu ch FSK s l:
( )
( ) ( )
os 2 ' ' ; 0
2
w( )
os 2 ' ' ; 1
2
l l l
l l l
A
c f t b
t
A
c f ft b

'

+ +

u ny cha hoc tn s f hoc (f +

f). V b khng thay i trong thi gian T

b
ca mt bit, nn trong khong thi gian ny tn hiu w(t) c tn s khng i. Nh vy
trong khong thi gian T
b
giy b gii iu ch FSK tch ra tn s ny v to ra u ra c
s 2 l 0 hoc l 1. Ni cch khc ta c th tch ra tn s cha trong w(t) cho tng on
nhy nhn c T
b
/T
h
cc gi tr cho tng bc nhy. T cc gi tr ny, s dng
nguyn tc a s ta c th quyt nh bit d liu l 0 hay l 1.
3.2H thng tri ph nhy tn nhanh
h thng FHSS nhanh, c t nht mt ln nhy tn s ng vi mt bit d liu. Vi
Tb l chu k ca tn hiu d liu, T
h
l thi gian ca mt on nhy tn th T
b
T
h
. Trong
khong thi gian T
h
giy ca mi ln nhy tn, mt trong s cc 2
k
tn s (f
0
, f
0
+ f, f
0
+
2f, , f
0
+(K 1)f) c pht. Trong f l khong cch gia cc tn s ln cn,
thng c chn bng 1/T
h
. Hnh 3.2.1 biu din cho h thng FH vi tc nhy tn
bng 3 ln tc s liu.
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K thut tri ph trong CDMA
Nhy tn nhanh vi iu ch M-FSK
hiu c th hn ta i tm hiu h thng tri ph nhy tn nhanh vi iu ch M-
FSK. Dng tng qut ca FSK c s 2 l FSK M trng thi, trong M tn s c s
dng biu th Log
2
(M) bit s liu. Vi tri ph FH, tn s pht nhy trn mt lng
ln cc tn s ( 2
k
.M tn s), trong k l s bit ra t b to m PN n b tng hp
tn s. Hnh 3.2.2 biu th c th h thng tri ph FH nhanh vi iu ch FSK M trng
thi.
Vi gi thit M = 4, ngha l mi thi im hai bit s liu c xem xt v gi
thit l ba bc nhy mi k hiu (mi k hiu bng Log
2
(M) bit s liu), y ta s
dng T
s
= Log
2
(M)Tb biu din thi gian ca mt k hiu, T
h
biu din thi gian ca
mt bc nhy tn.
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13
K thut tri ph trong CDMA
Trc tn s c chia thnh 2k nhm 4 tn s, k bit ca chui PN s xc nh tn s
trong nhm no s c s dng. V th 2 bit t lung s liu v k bit t chui PN s xc
nh chnh xc tn s no s c pht trong on nhy tn. Do tn s c pht thay i
c T
h
giy mt ln nn iu ch c trc giao khong cch tn s ti thiu phi l
1/T
h
. rng bng tn tng hp khong 2
k
.M/T
h
(Hz).
Tc nhy tn cho cc h thng nhy tn nhanh
Mt u im ca h thng tri ph nhy tn FH so vi tri ph trc tip DS l
tc ng h b to PN khng cn cao nh DS t c cng mt rng bng
tn.
hiu r iu ny ta so snh tc ng h ca 2 h thng ny. Trong h thng
DS/SS tc ng h b to chui PN bng tc chip 1/T
c
tc l rng bng tn l
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14
K thut tri ph trong CDMA
2/T
c
. h thng FH/SS nhanh ta cn k bit mi t b to chui PN cho mi bc nhy
tn. V th b to chui PN phi to ra k bit trong T
h
giy, ngha l tc ng h l k/T
h
(Hz) v rng bng tn i vi iu ch trc giao l (2
k+1
)f = (2
k+1
) / Th. Ta c t s
rng bng tn gia 2 h thng nh sau:
1
2 2
k
c h
T T
+

=>
1/ 2
1/
k
c
h
T
T k

T s ny s ln hn 1 vi gi tr k thc t. Do tc c ng h h thng FHSS

nh hn nhiu so vi h thng DSSS.
3.3H thng tri ph nhy tn chm
Khi T
b
/T
h
<1 ta c h thng nhy tn chm. S khi my pht v thu tng t
nh h thng nhy tn nhanh. Hnh 3.3.1 m t biu ca mt h thng nhy tn
chm vi T
b
/T
h
= 1/2 ngha l mt ln nhy tn 2 bit, mi ln nhy tn s liu thay i
gia 0 v 1. V tn s pht c th thay i T
h
giy mt ln nn iu ch trc giao
khong cch phi l f = m/T
b
. Trong m l s nguyn khc 0. Nu ta chn f = 1/T
b
v nu b tng hp tn s to ra 2
k
tn s, rng bng tn s l K.f = K/T
b
(Hz). Trong
K = 2
k+1
. i x l l K/2. Khi s dng b nhn tn vi h s nhn my pht,
phn cch tn s u ra cui cng tr thnh .f v G = .K/2
Nhy tn chm vi iu ch M PSK
Tm hiu c th hn v h thng nhy tn chm ta xt v d vi h thng nhy tn
chm vi iu ch M-FSK c M = 4 v Ts = TbLog
2
M. Tc l trong thi gian mt bc
nhy c 3 k hiu d liu. rng bng tn ln nht h thng t c l 2
k
.M/T
s
(Hz).
Bo co chuyn v tuyn nin kha 2008 -2010
Nhm 6 : lp H08_VT4
15
K thut tri ph trong CDMA
Tng t nh h thng tri ph nhy tn nhanh. Trc tn s c chia thnh 2
k
nhm 4 tn s, k bit ca chui PN s xc nh tn s trong nhm no s c s dng. V
th 2 bit t lung s liu v k bit t chui PN s xc nh chnh xc tn s no s c
pht trong on nhy tn.
H thng tri ph nhy tn c nhiu u im vt tri v tc chui PN cng nh tc
xung nhp. H thng FHSS c th hot ng trn di tn s rng (c GHz) hn nhiu
so vi cc h thng tri ph dng cc k thut khc, ngoi ra tn hiu FHSS cng c th
tri rng hn nhiu so vi ht hng DSSS vi cng tc ng h.
Tuy nhin, h thng FHSS cng cn mt s hn ch nht nh l tnh phc tp
ca b tng hp tn s dn n gi thnh t. Mc d hn ch c nhiu giao thoa
nhng h thng FHSS li d b thu trm hn h thng DSSS.
Vic pht trin cc h thng FHSS hin nay ang c nghin cu mnh m.
Tng lai s c nhng h thng FHSS vi tm hot ng trn cc bng tn rng hn na.
K thut ca cng ngh ny s ngy cng hon thin, khc phc nhng hn ch hin nay.
Bo co chuyn v tuyn nin kha 2008 -2010
Nhm 6 : lp H08_VT4
16
K thut tri ph trong CDMA
4. Kt lun
Hin nay phn ln cc quan tm v h thng SS l cc ng dng a truy nhp m
nhiu ngi s dng cng chia s mt rng bng tn truyn dn. Trong h thng
DSSS tt c mi ngi s dng cng dng chung mt bng tn v pht tn hiu ca h
ng thi.My thu s dng tn hiu gi ngu nhin chnh xc ly ra tn hiu mong
mun bng cch gii tri ph. Cc tn hiu khc xut hin dng cc nhiu ph rng
cng sut thp ta tp m. cc h thng FHSS v THSS mi ngi s dng c n
nh mt m gi ngu nhin sao cho khng c cp my pht no s dng cng tn s hay
cng khe thi gian, nh vy cc my pht s trnh c xung t. Nh vy FH v TH l
kiu h thng trnh xung t, trong khi DS l kiu h thng ly trung bnh.
Bo co chuyn v tuyn nin kha 2008 -2010
Nhm 6 : lp H08_VT4
17
K thut tri ph trong CDMA
Thut ng vit tt
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise Tp m Gauss trng cng
BEP Bit Errored Probanbility Xc xut li bit
BER Bit Errored rate T s li bt
BPSK binary Phase Shift keying Modulation iu ch kha dch pha
hai trng thi
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access a truy nhp phn chia
theo m
DSSS Direct Sequence Spreading Spectrum Tri ph chui trc tip
QPSKQuadrature Amplitude Modulation iu ch kha dch pha
cu phng
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio T s tn hiu trn tp m
PSD Power Spectrum Density Mt ph cng sut
CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio T s sng mang trn tp
m
SS Spread Spectrum Tri ph
SSMA Spread Spectrum Multiple Access a truy nhp tri ph
TH Time Hopping Nhy thi gian
FFH Fast Frequency Hopping Nhy tn nhanh
FH Frequency Hopping Nhy tn
FSH Slow Frequency Hopping Nhy tn chm
Bo co chuyn v tuyn nin kha 2008 -2010
Nhm 6 : lp H08_VT4
18