CM1101 Mass Tutorial 1 Valence Bond (VB) Theory

1. According to valence bond theory, which orbitals on N and H overlap in the NH3 molecule? A. 2p on N overlaps with 2s on H B. 2p on N overlaps with 1s on H C. 2s on N overlaps with 1s on H D. sp3 on N overlaps with sp on H E. sp3 on N overlaps with 1s on H

Answer:

2.

Carbon uses ______ hybrid orbitals in ClCN. A. sp B. sp2 C. sp3 D. sp3d E. sp3d2

Answer:

3.

Valence bond theory predicts that carbon will use _____ hybrid orbitals in the carbonate anion, CO32. A. sp B. sp2 C. sp3 D. sp3d E. sp3d2

Answer:

4. What is the hybridization of N in nitric acid HNO3? A. sp B. sp2 C. sp3 D. sp3d E. sp3d2 Answer:

5.

How many sigma and pi bonds, respectively, are in the molecule below? CH3CH2CHCHCH3? A. 16, 1 B. 16, 0 C. 15, 1 D. 15, 0 E. 14, 1

Answer:

6. The atomic radius of N is 0.70 , yet the bond length for N2 is 1.10 . If the atoms just "touched", the distance between the nuclei would be 1.40 . The analogous numbers for O are 0.66 , 1.21 , and 1.32 . Explain why the bond length is shorter than the touching distance?

7. While both N2 and O2 have shorter bond lengths than the "touching" distance, the deviation for N2 is much larger. Explain this.

8. C2H4 is very susceptible to attack by electrophiles. Why?

9. Below is shown the Lewis structure for formic acid (methanoic acid) H2CO2. Match the letter with the correct description.

(a)

1 2

[ sp 2 (r1 ) sp 3 (r2 ) + sp 2 (r2 ) sp 3 (r1 )]

Answer:

(b)

1 2

[ p (r1 ) p(r2 ) + p(r2 ) p(r1 )]

Answer:

10. What is the valence bond wave function for the -bond in acetone CH3COCH3?

11.

Ketene, C2H2O, is a reactant for synthesizing cellulose acetate, which is used to make films, fibers and fashionable clothing.

(a) Write the Lewis structure of ketene. Ketene does not contain an OH bond. (b) Identify the geometry around each carbon atom. (c) Identify the hybridized orbitals (if any) of each atom. (d) Write the valence bond wave function for the carbon-carbon bond.

12.

For the given hydrocarbon, H2C=CH CH3, draw the 3D structure, showing orbitals and label the s and p bonds.