Solid Waste Management

Waste- Definition & Classification

Any material which is not needed by the owner, producer or processor.
Classification
Domestic waste Factory waste Waste from oil factory E-waste Construction waste Agricultural waste Food processing waste Bio-medical waste Nuclear waste

Solid Waste

Classification of Wastes
Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household waste etc.

E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV, music systems etc.
Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg tanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.

Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.

Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power plants

Hazardous / Toxic Waste & Dumping Site Industrialised countries have waste management problems Developed countries have strict environment regulation norms Most attractive option for them- to dump into developing countries

Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials

Managing Waste
Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms. Benefits of recycling: -Reduce environmental degradation -Making money out of waste -Save energy that would have gone into waste handling & product manufacture Saving through recycling: --Making paper from waste saves 50% energy -Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to 100 litres of oil

Recycling not a solution to all problems!

Recycling is not a solution to managing every kind of waste material For many items recycling technologies are unavailable or unsafe

In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.

Solution: More Profit With Zero Waste

Exchanging output that are considered waste Waste of one could be input or raw material for others

Problems in Dealing With Solid Waste

Education & voluntary compliance

Collection of waste
Technological interventions Institutions & regulatory framework Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction Market action for waste reduction
Source: The Energy & Resources Institute

SOLID WASTE IN PAKISTAN

SOLID WASTE IN PAKISTAN INCLUDES Bio degradable Non bio degradable Recycle material

 Pakistan SWM