Function is a relationship that assigns to each object in a set A exactly one object in a set B. The set Ais called the domain of the function, and the set of assigned objects in B is called the range. A B A B A B a< —+>d a b be pe b d a c ee c d ‘One-to-One Many-to-One One-to-Many Correspondence Correspondence Correspondence In the above mapping of elements between sets A and B, all except the one-to-many correspondence show how a function should look like. In the one-to-one and one-to-many correspondences, every element in set A corresponds only to one and only one elements in set B. WAYS OF PRESENTING A FUNCTION: 1. TABULAR x 2 ao Da [2] Thisisan example of a function because none of the elements in x has been repeated or used more than yv[4{[2[o|;a2[a4 ‘once. T Kia} 2) a) 2} 3) Notatunction. ylal2z{[al2{[3 2. GRAPHICAL y Funetion Function Nee The vertical line test is used to determine whether a graph represents a funcuion or not. 10 prove a function, the vertical line should intercept the curve in just one point otherwise the graph isn’t for a function.3, EQUATION or OPEN-ENDED STATEMENT ya3x48 Examples of functions =3x—-5 nota function ya4x? +8x-1) If.xis used in the equation as the independent variable and y as the dependent variable, an equation ‘can be considered as a function except when the dependent variable takes on a degree greater than the first degree. Independent Variable is a variable that is manipulated or used with arbitrarily assigned values. the resultant variable depending solely on what is computed based on whatever is assigned for the independent variable. FUNCTION NOTATION A function i n form can be represented as ffx), read as “f of x” which means a function expressed in terms of x. If a function is to be expressed a as relation between the independent and dependent variables, then as an alternative, then the variable y can be used as an alternative to f(x). Thus, f(x) = y. DOMAIN is the set of possible values that can be arbitrarily assigned as independent variable. RANGE is the set of possible values that can be computed out of the assigned values in the independent variable. EVALUATING FUNCTIONS Given the value of the independent variable, the actual value of the function can be computed. Examples Evaluate the function at the given value of x. © f(a t3r-41,5 FU) = (P43) -4=0 F(5) = (5) +35) 4 = 36 © fix) =V¥=3; 5, 14 £6) =/5—5=V0O=0 f(l4) = VI4=5 = V9 =3 . Coe 10 0) x+i5 cup = eee Rat cuageeazasALGEBRA OF FUNCTIONS Notation For Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Functions: (f+ 9)(x) = fox) + g() Example: If f(x) = 3x +2. and:g(x) = x7, then (f+ g)(x)= 3x +2 +x? So, you simply add the two formulas together. (f - 9109 = f(x) - g(x) Example: If f(x) = 3x +2 and g(x) = x2, then (f + g)(x) = 3x42 =x? So, you simply subtract the formulas. (Fax) = ffx) » g(x) Example: If f(x) = 3x +2 and g(x) = x, then (f + gx) = (3x + 2) © x? So, you simply multiply the two formulas together. (F/ gx) = f(x) / g(x), provided g(x) #0 Example: If f(x) = 3x +2 and g(x) = x’, then (f / g)(x) = (3x + 2) x2 So, you simply divide the formulas. This result is not defined if the denominator is zero however. Composition of Functions When we input the entire formula from one function in for each x-value of the formula of a second function, we have what is called a composition of functions. Definition of Composition of Functions (Fo g(x) = f(g(x)) ‘We replace each x in the formula of f(x) with the entire formula of g(x). Example: If f(x) = x? -x and g(x) = x ~ 4, find the following: * ogi) 2 Gof) (f0.9\x)=f(g(x)) by the definition of composition. after replacing g(x) with its formula. after inputting x-4 into the function f(x). This may be simplified more, if needed. by the definition of composition. after replacing f(x) with its formula after inputting x -x into the function (x). INVERSE OF A FUNCTION The inverse of the function is when the domain and the range trade places. All elements of the domain become the range, and all elements of the range become a domain. Example of the inverse of a simple function Original function f(x) Inverse of function or f*(x) (0,3) (2,4), (2,5) {(3,0), (4,2), (5,2))