1.

1825
,
12. 1898

 , ,
.
,
.
,
1849. .
, .
1868. 43.
.
,
. 1885.
.

.
:

n = 2, h = 3,6456 10 -7 m, m = 3, 4, 5, 6, .
1885 j h ( a ) o
.
m = 7,
397 nm. ,
, e
a .
o
, .

RH ,
n 1 = 2, n2> n 1.
, 1913.
. .

 1.
400
800 nm .
(lat. Spectrum )
, , , ,
.


. :
( )
( )
,
200 nm ,
.

800 nm, 105 nm,
, .
0,1 cm,
: 0,1 10 cm, 1 - 100 m,
100 1000 m 1000 m.
. 1. ,
,

 . .
.

. L
.
. N , ,
.
. .
- .

:

 n1 n2 (n1< n2)
n1 = 1 n2 = 2, 3, 4. ( )
n1 = 2 n2 = 3, 4, 5... ( )
n1 = 3 n2 = 4, 5, 6... ( )
n1 = 4 n2 = 5, 6, 7... ( )

 .
- .

400 nm.
,

.
,
1885.

, 410 nm, 434 nm 486 nm 656 nm

n = 2.
400 nm.

 ,

, .
. 3 2
, . (Z =
1) 656 nm (
).
3 n = 2,
n .
: n = 3 n = 2
-, 4 2 -, 5 2 -, 6 2 -.

-, -, -
.

(nm) [2]

32

42

52

62

72

82

92

H-

H-

H-

H-

H-

H-

H-

656.3

486.1

434.1

410.2

397.0

388.9

383.5

364.6

1885. ,

. 4
.
.
,

.
- ,
n=3 n=2,
.

, .

n = 2 n 6,
.
.

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"

".
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://.../. Retrieved 2007-08-05 .
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. (1995) :
.. Tudor Publishers. ISBN 0-936389-27-3 .
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