Appleton & Lange’s Review of EPIDEMIOLOGY & BIOSTATISTICS FOR THE USMLE APPLETON & LANGE al ecticut Norwalk, ConnISBN 0-8885-0244-X ‘Notice: The authors and the publisher ofthis volume have taken care that the {information and recommendations contained herein are accurate and compatible with the standards generally accepted at the time of publication. Nevertheless, {tis difficult to ensure that all the information given is entirely accurate for all circumstances. The publisher disclaims any liability, oss, or damage incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, ofthe use and application ‘of any of the contents of this volume. a Copyright © 1994 by Appleton & Lange Paramount Publishing Business and Professional Group Simon & Schuster Business and Professional Group All rights reserved. This book, or any parts thereof, may not be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission. For information, address Appleton & Lange, 25 Van Zant Street, East Norwalk, Connecticut 06855. 94 95 96 97 98/10987654321 Prentice Hall International (UK) Limited, London Prentice Hall of Australia Pty. Limited, Sydney Prentice Hall Canada, Inc., Toronto Prentice Hall Hispanoamericana, 8.A., Mexico Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi Prentice Hall of Japan, Ine, Tokyo Simon & Schuster Asia Pte. Ltd., Singapore Editora Prentice Hall do Brasil Ltda., Rio de Janeiro Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hanrahan, Edward J. ‘Appleton & Lange's review of epidemiology & biostatistics for the ‘USMLE /Edward J. Hanrahan, Gangadhar Madupu. pcm. Includes index. ISBN 0-8385-0244-X 1. Epidemiclogy—Examinations, questions, ete. 2. Biometry— ‘Examinations, questions, ete. 3. Statistics—Examinations, ‘questions, ete. 4. Medical statistice—Examinations, questions, ete. I. Madupu,Gangadhar. II. Title. III. Title: Appleton and Lange's review of epidemiology & biostatistics for the USMLE. TV. Title: Epidemiology & biostatistics for the USMLE. (DNLM: 1. Epidemiology—examination questions. 2. Statistics— examination questions. WA 18 H248a 1994] RAG52.7.H36 1994 614.4'076—de20 DNLM/DLC 94-7416 oP Acquisitions Editor: Jamie L. Mount Produetion Editor: Sondra Greenfield Designate TosDesk Publishers Group ISBN 0-8385-0244-X fil SONU ii PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAContents Preface. Introduction ‘How to Use This Book... Chapter 1. Epidemiological Terminology Chapter 2. Classifications of Epidemics Chapter 3. The 2-by-2 Table and Its Concept: Chapter 4. Hypothesis Testin; Chapter 5. Measures of Morbi 7 Chapter 6. Epidemiological Study Designs and Measures of Risk. Chapter 7. The Normal (Gaussian) Distributi Chapter 8. Statistical Tests. Chapter 9. The Correlation Coefficient (x) and Linear Regression Analysis Chapter 10. Practice Test: Answers and Explanations Appendix A. Formula Summary. ‘Appendix B. Student's ¢ Distribution Table ‘Appendix C. Chi-square Distribution Tabl Appendix D. Commonly Used Statistical Symbol Index. Practice Test Answer Sheet. Answers to Chapter Questions..