L #7

P NG TN S CA H THNG
TUYN TNH BT BIN

Ni dung
Lin h c trng bin v pha ca tn hiu thi gian ri rc vi cc
im cc v im khng trong mt phng Z
Tho lun v:
Cc h thng truyn qua (All-pass)

tantd@vnu.edu.vn

Cc h thng pha ti thiu

Cc h thng pha cc i
Cc h thng pha tuyn tnh

Slide 1

Slide 2

Phng trnh sai phn - bin i Z - LSI

x[n]

Phng trnh sai phn - bin i Z - LSI

y[n]

h[n]

bk z k
Y(z) k =0
H(z) =
= N
X(z)
ak z k

Pt sai phn
N

k =0

k =0

ak y[n k] = bk x[n k ]

Hm truyn

bk z k
Y(z) k=0
H(z) =
= N
X(z)
ak z k

k =0

Comments:
LSI : a thc z hoc z-1
nh ngha im cc, im 0

k =0

Slide 3

Slide 4

Bin i thi gian ri rc v Bin i Z

H(e j ) = H(z) z=e j

z = e j

DTFT

Tm c trng bin v pha nh bin i Z

Bin i Z

H(e j ) = k=N0

ak e j k
k =0

= H(e j ) e jH (e

k= 0

k=1

ck l im cc d kv l im 0

Slide 5

Slide 6

Tm c trng bin v pha nh bin i Z

z-1 sang z

(1 ck z 1 )
b
1
H(z) = kN=0
= 0 k=
a0 N
ak z k
(1 dk z 1 )

bk e jk

bk z k

Bin i thi gian ri rc c c trng bi bin v pha

Tm c trng bin

(1 ck z 1 )
(z ck )
b
b
H(z) = 0 kN=1
= z N M 0 kN=1
a0
a0
(1 d k z 1 )
(z d k )
k =1

(z ck )

b
H(e j ) = H(z) z=e j = z N M 0 k=1
a0 N

(z dk )

k =1

Xem xt 1 trong cc t s

( z ck )

l khong cch

k=1

Bin :

(z ck )
b
H(e j ) = H(z) z =e j = z N M 0 kN=1
a0
(z d k )
k=1

z=e j
M

(z ck )

b =1
= 0 kM
a0
z=e j

(z d k )

k =1

z=e j

L tch ca cc bin t im 0 chia cho tch cc bin t

cc im cc
Slide 7

Slide 8

Tm c trng pha

Vd1: tr n v
H(z) = z 1

(z ck )

b
H(e j ) = H(z) z=e j = z N M 0 k=1
a0 N
(z dk )

z=e

|H()|, dB

k=1

Pha:

-1
-2
-3
-4

b
= (N M) + 0 + (z ck ) (z d k )
z=e j
a0 k=1
k=1
N

-5
-1

z=e j

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

L tng cc gc ca im 0 tr i tng cc gc t im cc

-2

-4
-1

Slide 9

Slide 10

VD2: suy hao hm m

Vd3 b lc trit di

H(z) =

1 z 1

(z e j / 4 )(z e j / 4 )

(z .95e j / 4 )(z .95e j / 4 )

5

10

-5
-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

|H()|, dB

|H()|, dB

15

0.5

-10

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.5
1

<H()

-0.5

-1
-1

-5

-15
-1

>H()

H(z) =

>H()

H(e j )

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-1

Slide 11

Slide 12

Tm tt

L cc trng hp c bit ca LSI

DTFT c tnh bi bin i Z trn ng tn n v

Khi chy dc vng trn n v,

Cc h thng truyn qua (All-pass)

Bin DTFT t l vi tch

Cc h thng pha ti thiu

Pha l hiu.

Cc h thng pha cc i
Cc h thng pha tuyn tnh

Sau y:
Cc h thng truyn qua (All-pass)
Cc h thng pha ti thiu
Cc h thng pha cc i
Cc h thng pha tuyn tnh

Slide 13

Cc h thng truyn qua (All-pass)

phc
Gn = re j
im cc
im 0

H(z) =

z 1 *
1 z 1

z = re j
1
z = e j
r

Slide 14

Cc h thng truyn qua (All-pass)

H(z) =

z 1 *
1 z 1

H(e j )

= H(e j )H * (e j ) =
=

Slide 15

; z = e j , = re j

(e j re j ) (e j re j )
(1 re j e j ) (1 re j e j )

(1 re j( ) re j( ) + r 2 )
=1
(1 re j( ) re j( ) + r 2 )

Slide 16

Cc h thng truyn qua (All-pass)

Cc h thng truyn qua (All-pass)

Ht 1:

Ht 2:

1.9382

1.9382
1.9382
1.9382
1.9382

4
2
0
-2
-1

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

|H()|, dB

1.9382

|H()|, dB

|H()|, dB

1.9382

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

4
2
0
-2
-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.5

<H()

<H()

<H()

2
-0.5
-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

-4
-1

dich pha HT2 ln hn

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Slide 17

nh gi da vo c trng pha

Slide 18

Tnh i xng ca DTFTs

Ht1 t dich pha hn Ht2 ni chung l tt hn

Ht1 c im 0 thuc vng trn n v, Ht2 c im 0 nm ngoi
vng trn n v

Nu x[n] X(e j )
th

Ht xem l pha ti thiu nu cc im cc v im 0 nm trong

Ht xem l pha ti a nu cc im cc v im 0 nm ngoi vng
trn n v

Cn cc trong hp khc : ) khng gi tn

x[n] X(e j )
x * [n] X * (e j )

vng trn n v
v...

X(e j ) = X(e j )
even
x[n] = x[n] X(e j ) = X(e j )

x[n] = x[n]
even

odd
odd
x[n] = x *[n] X(e j ) = X * (e j )
real
Hermitian symmetric
Slide 19

pole at .75, zero at 2

pole at .75, zero at .5

-2

-4
-1

-2

Slide 20

Hermitian symmetry

H thng pha 0

If X(e j ) = X * (e j )

Xt ht c p ng n v l chn, i xng:

Re[ X(e j )] is even

Im[X(e j )] is odd

Then

X(e j ) is even
X(e j ) is odd

DTFT

If x[n] is real and even, X(e j ) will be real and even

and if x[n] is real and odd, X(e j ) will be imaginary and odd

And

Comments:
p ng tn s l s thc, nn dich pha l 0

Slide 21

Ht pha tuyn tnh

H(z) = e2 j + 2e j + 3 + 2e j + e 2 j
= 2 cos(2 ) + 4cos( ) + 3

Slide 22

Nx

Thc hin tr lm ht tr thnh nhn qu

C th coi p ng pha 0 c qua b tr thi gian
xy ra kh p ng l chn v i xng qua n=2
dch pha tuyn tnh: mong mun
Ht dch pha tuyn tnh l nhn qu chiu di hu hn (5)
DTFT

H(z) = e2 j + 2e j + 3 + 3e j + e 2 j
= e 2 j (e 2 j + 2e j + 3 + 2e j + e 2 j )
= e 2 j (2cos(2 ) + 4 cos( ) + 3)

Nx
p ng tn s c dch pha tuyn tnh
Slide 23

Slide 24

VD khc v dch pha tuyn tnh

Nx

s mu chn
i xng qua n=2.5
gi l pha tuyn tnh ho m rng

DTFT
H(z) = e j + 2e j + 3e 2 j + 3e 3 j + 3e 4 j + e 5 j
= e 2.5 j (e2.5 j + 2e1.5 j + 3e.5 j + 3e .5 j + 2e 1.5 j + e 2.5 j )
= e 2.5 j (2 cos(2.5 ) + 4cos(1.5 ) + 3 cos(.5 )
Slide 25

C 4 loi ht pha tuyn tnh

I: S mu l, x chn
II: S mu chn, x chn
III: S mu l, x l
IV: S mu chn, x l

Slide 27

Slide 26