Operant Contingencies and the Origin of Cultures Sigrid 8. Glenn ‘ites from vacey of csciplines recognize that cultures compe of or Gepends on behav, ut also somshow mare than an norgenired ‘ollecion of behavioral vents. Biologist Bonner 1980) deine cutare st ‘havior tasted from ore individual to another by teaching and Jeamnng” (p17), Cultural artvopolggist Hams 1968) stated, “hasan bchavior consis the cultura fil ofSnguly (p20. Bowever, atesponses “areal tela tinge?” isp. 22) but alee ave the empirical events to which selentic opeatans must be applied to arrive a eultural clessfcations, Behaviee analyst Baur 2000) Hated, “culture consis of behavior apd -culturl change conditates an eval ticnary process” fp. 182, 2 Tn this paper take as a stating point that eultures ae thing mon {an Jared ehavloe ad Ms plete proces, i te sme een i= ling oxganieme ate nothing more than chemical semen But the orgie tnd evolution of biological phenomena cannot be explained without {ours to principles in addin othe avs deserving physical and che lel processes. Nor can leaned behavior be wxplinedt without resource to princes in diten to those of biclgialevolston. Inthe eame vel, tn eplanation ofthe origin and evolution of calor equi gol be: ‘yond the evolutionary and behavioral principe tht aesount fer spe Spite Geom tf Bir Rea, ry of Nok Tas Dan,m4 Sg. leon ‘horace an ihe leaned behavior of nds orgeins. Analy tater leva sreuired but where to begin Skiseer (1961 provi sce whan he point out hat, x acliion to natura sdation and operant election, amen behavior Wa 830 dag to “the special contingencies maintained by an evolved soda environ- ‘ment”(p 502). Oe interpretation of Skinners statenent stat Ue con {ingencis of a evalved soil environment Faction differently than th contingendesnsintnined by the nonrocial environment. Tn responding to ‘oinmentary on isl, however, Skinner (988) mide cen that he as proposing "no new behovleel proces,” ($8) but ator" dillon hut Dfslecdon (p33). Inshort the belneioracquitedby each individual date lng hiser er Hatin i explsned by Babvnel lev processes, whether ‘econcetejclialnsel thebavios-anvionmentconngenciansce ma tela orsoria and whether they aveltuman-aadecr he products of other natural processes. The partials ofthe behusiowenvronoment lions that coma te eis in eltnes be, the parle ofan evolved socal en ‘ionman, however eequie "third Maw of seecon” (kanner, 198], ).502) to caplet thelr onsence ‘Skinner's suggestion that the different Kinds of selection bear d- sectly oF indvecly on human behavior hs led to behavior analytic ‘ramiatlonsofselctonit perspectives as they petantoIeavned beta for and to cultural evolution egy Baum, 2009, Catania 1925; Donahoo, 188, this volume; Glen, 1991; Glen, His, & Greenspoon, 192). From, the resent perspoctiva, te slants vale of electonat theosoy fa ‘their suceess in Accouning for complesty without sppeling to prior sign Selectionist Approaches tothe Evolution of Complexity Incyginc evolutionary thony organisms having complex structures and fonctions ae sed to betraceable to slngle-celld ancesiors of the dl {ant past, Organisms complet, ike ll emmplealyInsoectionst theo tls isi to zesl om repeated rounls of seletion acing on phenom bra resting fom eear round of election In mary «ase, completly Dfeiactoreand funtion ferent ovr time Fedo so when complet "is aluato theft boleonineviduasna lineage undergoing selection tnd the seating environment It shouldbe noted tht mor cpl docs ot enter aped or oe eae becree single celled expanses ‘urtendexiing areas mosh fe elt of evolution via election ae {anlar (eg, mans) composed of many pavs with conplexintereald usstions -Anythingator thn ca undetaingofany section process1e uae Consider of wo elated sue how ne secton pos ‘Sathenaloealthe peso plying varie roles ntheprocss Thee iPS como tte and. variety of pepe, onthe wl of selection in exganic evolution, What wares and how are ese artis ‘heerved? Wists lasing? Wnt doe msn tobe eect Wt fein asa etl of variation andere eto How and where ‘oes retention ak plac? How arethe levels of rgnization win a> tnainelated oone another history oreosceptunlly fp. hor do genes {slat io cganiss, egadng both ontogeny an evluoaryhistary? ‘How ca he phe of rb Cand coat only appre ‘scientie principles arb forlated? To completers hee ‘comprise answers osch oestins oly nhacorteat fener toate Seton “Consdr the rltion betes th cons itn and sekton volt by selection rogues sen among ies Bt eo of ‘ign cng) of some ind, Rtn of what selected ea be ‘srr nly athe eal ois enrelncunve ont Inblogy apc a= teneralyvewed ste anger nt where he et of eto ae te ‘epeciesis unk hat changes over Une evolve) as selection continues, ‘The lvl of engmniztion shh he elevant aration shoul boca int fs rater of tate Tesla logis ave vw ogni (ot putcuar epee asthe Wololal una that vary and rey i ferentallyintererwih er enetronment resin etetion of ome Srpontne int ve ver ees ht apace Se logit, ‘Dakin 1979 point xt tat genes eve what plate and retain charac feet na apes hector gorarare the vara ht costae he tins of section. Otters fg isn, 1960 ovegest that atest some of gars ortion a isogicl un tnt ane seeces Seeding til (580), to see then of acto probe lem in evelifnary biology i due to dierent weiter excuive favs ‘on ony one of we relate subprocesies of seen replicates in ‘Sraioncln natal ston, bese abprocenes canbe Grad fer 70) ‘tied uty iferng sees of bilgi ens. Far example, gents re mle an acount forthe retention of erpnieme charceeis- Hes in ope, Mar inclusive ents sich args Ab eony ‘ten play the ml of noon ogpic elation bec ta 2 the “cohesive voles iat tere erential with he ensroavens Their “ern atten ein cieretalrepiceton of ges nore linge sag of genes organ th enya ae, 15 =n tly that changes nde hrough tines seul of epetion and {diesel intact (Hal 527) gener deiiton etn sproces hich he deena etintion snd poleraton ote tarbene te erent perpetuation le nevnt opto ey ‘cps fort charcterigc ia belo te cre erirenzen ta frotuced theme (el p. 38) Tevesls of acleon proces re IE the von of nagar The gen eam nseletontt scum then is oof ening ei of ropleton then ne esp ible oni einen tis the woo ul Langan an Glam 20 developed «general accoun of aectony epping ls twrmiology fo npc section opera sah ladon enone noes ta a ca of opentsleton, operon istnce rac, blnging to pric {pean loeage) wee viewed stunt nericon at tere ‘nthe eleingenveoment xhavorconeemsnce. Asia hc {ogee sli, operant ineractor(etanca orc) stand In aH troche latins al plese eal componente of opr ‘see Donahoe, this volume). a Tntheseader of hi paper apo the genes concep ofp to ness tage Ca 9a othe pre of erlang {right catoratlevlpinenomens btu fom opeantbebstiorin so tovconsnents My gor fo demote tha eeionary proces ae the ae hind nner the dorsns, but hal ne phenomena ea from the erp of thse process with phenomena sendy exstig Spec wil wages pecininry answers flowing uct ow could elt! enges have snc rom the vir oad ngnts? Whe conse scala ineage? What ate ar fh ‘ii ploying he lef rption ee nscon th cll amt ‘Re ay wl ety farchon te olf verbs chavo engine {nthe ogi of eles Contingencies of Rei Culluro-Behavioral Lineages {n conidesing the origin felis is mesa to void ug ‘oman etre a thay covey exit 84 Sang pt. Tht wool by omparbltosngobseretion ofhman orgs odoelos thet) ele origin eiving things a ned, nsppety howe peDer nah !ecaunes were formated The environment in whch amen eae eel medaka virsliyronted much ofsoay od sears aly nthe story aga onalodcing te histay df ourancenor pe henge nope Ce cs tan al So ge ane SE ye Fee ee aioe, writs aesotned yh mae nes a ier ore emer ements "tn tons fm sino av secoss nonhuman reperteies may provide some guidance in answering. eet rea ma zeae Fae Tet sche pe ee ee Sa se ol ees he ep oh i See a ee ey ee