7510 Product Description

Alcatel Lucent 7510
Media Gateway Product Description

Release 3.3.1
3FZ 08014 AAAS DEZZA
Edition 02
Status Change Note
Released
Short Title MGW Product Description All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel-Lucent.
Edition 02
Contents
Contents
About this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Product Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.2 1.3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1 General Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.2 System Robustness and Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.3 Geographic Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.4 Versatile Platform; Combining TGW, BGW and SGW . . . . . 1.3.5 Density and Scalability/Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.6 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.7 System Management and OAM Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signaling Protocols Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 H.248.1 Version 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multi-Vendor Interoperability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virtual Media Gateways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Voice Codecs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.1 G.711 Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.2 G.729A/B Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.3 G.723.1 Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.4 G.726 Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.5 AMR2 Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.6 AMR-WB (G.722.2) Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.7 GSM-FR Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.8 GSM-EFR Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.9 GSM-HR Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.10 G.728 Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6.11 EVRC Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Voice-Band and Voice-Band Data Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.1 Voice Activity Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.2 Comfort Noise Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.3 Packet Loss Concealment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.4 Echo Cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.5 Adaptive Jitter Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.6 Fax Modem / T.38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.7 Voice Band Data Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 15 16 18 20 22 24 24 25 27 28 28 29 30 31 33 33 34 35 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 38 40 40 41 42 42 42 43 43
Features and Services Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
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2.8
2.9 2.10
2.11 2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15 3 3.1
2.7.8 Media Inactivity Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7.9 Media Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inband Signaling Based Call Services Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8.1 DTMF Packet Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8.2 Inband Signaling Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8.3 Digitmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quality of Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secured IP-Interfaces (OAM and MGC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10.1 IPsec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10.2 Telnet/SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tones and Announcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redundancy, Reliability, and Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12.1 System Control Module and Switch Fabric Module . . . . . . . 2.12.2 Packet Interface Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12.3 Circuit Interface Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12.4 Media Conversion Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12.5 Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12.6 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12.7 Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IP Services and Resilience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.13.1 Gratuitous ARP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.13.2 Bi-directional Forwarding Detection BFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switching and Interworking Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.14.1 TDM To/From RTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.14.2 TDM Hairpinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.14.3 Border Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switched Connection Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CircuitMode Data Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Monorate 64k Unrestricted Digital Information . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Multirate Nx64k Wide-Band Data Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment DCME . . . . . . . . . . Inband Signaling Based Call Services TGW Application . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 TDM to TDM Hairpinning with Media Processing . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 FSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Semi-Permanent Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.1 SPC without Media Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.2 SPC without Media Processing with DCME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.3 SPC with Media Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Embedded Signaling Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44 44 45 45 45 46 47 50 50 50 52 54 55 56 57 57 58 58 59 60 60 61 62 62 63 65 68 69 70 70 70 71 72 72 72 73 73 73 73 75 76
Features and Services TGW Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
3.3
Features and Services SGW Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1
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Features and Services BGW Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1 Context Admission Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dynamic Media Firewall and Gate Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Traffic Policing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Address Translation, Hosted NAT Traversal, and Connectivity . . . . . . . IP Version Interworking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Media Aware Mode (Transcoding and Media Resource Functions) . . . QoS Tagging and QoS Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peering Partner Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multimedia Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BGW Specific H.248 Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SIP Firewall Overview and Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SIP Firewall Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2.1 SIP Parser Attack Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2.2 Protection Against SIP DoS and Dstributed DoS Attacks . . IP Filtering and Classifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IP/UDP/ICMP/TCP DoS Attacks Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Networking Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SIP Firewall Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.1 Scalable Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.2 Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.3 Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.4 Quality of Service QoS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.5 Redundancy, Reliability and Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Media Gateway Functional Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.1 Functional Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.2 System Control Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.3 Switch Fabric Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.4 Circuit Interface Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.5 Packet Interface Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.6 Media Conversion Module VBMCMxE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.7 Capacity, Scaleability and Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.8 Summary of Module Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Backplane Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.1 TDM Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.2 Data Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
79 80 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 93 94 97 97 97 99 100 101 102 103 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 110 110 111 113 115 117 118 121 123 124 124 124
Features and Services SFW Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.2
6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 7 7.1
Functional Architecture and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2
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7.4 7.5
7.3.3 Redundant Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.4 Clock Distribution Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clock Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.1 Kernel Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.2 Network Layer Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.3 Application Layer Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.4 Voice Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5.5 Software Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chassis Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Configuration Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fault Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4.1 Fault Management Application Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4.2 Monitoring and Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4.3 Alarm Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Diagnostic Test BERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Logging and Debugging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Performance Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7.1 Performance Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7.2 Threshold Crossing Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7.3 Call-Related Performance Counters H.248.xnq . . . . . . . . . Security Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8.1 Transport Layer Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8.2 User Account Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OAM Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9.1 Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9.2 GUI-Based Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9.3 RADIUS User Account Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Software Upgrade Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.1 Single Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Configuration . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.2 Rack Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chassis Internal and External Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.1 Chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.2 Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.3 Power Source and Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.4 EMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functional Description of Hardware Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3.1 System Control Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
124 124 126 128 129 130 132 134 134 137 138 139 140 141 141 142 143 144 145 147 147 148 148 149 149 149 151 152 152 158 160 161 162 162 166 167 167 169 172 173 174 176
System Management and OAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4
8.5 8.6 8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10 9 9.1
Physical Architecture and Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.2
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9.3.2 9.3.3 9.3.4 9.3.5 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D
Switch Fabric Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Circuit Interface Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Packet Interface Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Media Conversion Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components and Part Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
179 181 189 192 195 199 201 207 211
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Figures
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Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure
45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
Rear View and Location of the VM4S1SS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rear View and Location of the VMCIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Front View and Location of the VB32E1T1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rear View and Location of the VM32E1T1/VMRED1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Front View and Location of the VB12DS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rear View and Location of the VM12DS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Front View and Location of the VBPI4GE / VBPIxGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rear View and Location of the VMPIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Front View and Location of the VBMCMxE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
182 184 185 186 187 188 190 191 192
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Tables
Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 Table 16 Table 17 Table 18 Table 19 Table 20 Table 21 Table 22 Table 23 Table 24 Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW General Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interfaces Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Echo Cancellation Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Control Module Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch Fabric Module Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Circuit Interface Module Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Packet Interface Module Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VBMCMxE Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capacity and Redundancy of the VBMCMxE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overview of Capacity and Redundancy per Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VoIP Functions Processed by the Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Software Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGEM Hardware Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGEM Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SDH CIM I/O Card: Transmitter Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SDH CIM I/O Card: Receiver Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Compliances and Requirements . . . . . . . . . . Components and Part Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reason for Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 20 22 28 32 42 54 112 115 117 118 120 120 122 123 135 158 158 183 183 199 200 207 211
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About this Document
About this Document

Scope This Product Description introduces the Alcatel-Lucent 7510
Media Gateway (MGW) and describes how it connects circuit switched telephone networks to Ethernet packet switching networks. Its capabilities as Border Gateway (BGW), ensuring network security, service interworking and accounting in an exclusive Internet Protocol (IP) network, is described as well. The document provides an overview of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, focusing on the general system architecture and the applications: Trunking Gateway (TGW), Time Division Multiplex (TDM)-switch and Border Gateway.
Reason for Descriptions of the changes for this document are provided in Revision Appendix D. Readership This document is intended to be used by network planners, and
others desiring to gain an overview of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW as a Voice over IP (VoIP) or Fax over IP (FoIP) Trunking Gateway, a Border Gateway, and a Signaling Gateway.
Contents in Brief
This document contains the following chapters: Chapter 1 Product Overview gives an overview of the features and key benefits of an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, as well as gateway management and applications.
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Chapter 2 Features and Services Platform describes features and services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW with regard to the MGW platform. Chapter 3 Features and Services TGW Application describes features and services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW with regard to the MGW trunking gateway application. Chapter 4 Features and Services SGW Application describes features and services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW with regard to the MGW signaling gateway application. Chapter 5 Features and Services BGW Application describes features and services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW with regard to the MGW border gateway application. Chapter 7 Functional Architecture and Software describes the architecture and software system components of an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. Chapter 8 System Management and OAM describes the comprehensive set of system management and OAM tools and features. Chapter 9 Physical Architecture and Hardware describes the physical architecture of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and its related hardware.
Related Table 1 lists other Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW related documents. Documents
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Table 1
Title
Related Documents
Part Number 3FZ 08012 AAAx PCZZA 3FZ 08013 AAAA PCZZA 3FZ 08016 AAAx PCZZA 3FZ 08017 AAAx PCZZA 3FZ 08055 AAAx PCZZA 3FZ 08075 AAAx PCZZA 3FZ 08076 AAAx PCZZA 3FZ 08057 AAAx PCZZA 3FZ 08099 AAAx PCZZA
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW: Installation and Configuration Guide Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW: Safety Guidelines and Agency Approvals Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Reference Guide: Gateway Specific Commands Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Reference Guide: IP Specific Commands Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Reference Guide: Signaling Commands Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Reference Guide: TDM Specific Commands Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Reference Guide: Performance Statistics Commands Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Element Manager User Guide Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Alarm Manager User Guide
Frequently Used Circuit Interface Module (CIM) Abbreviations Media Conversion Module (MCM)
Packet Interface Module (PIM) System Control Module (SCM) Switch Fabric Module (SFM)
Trademarks The Alcatel-Lucent word and Alcatel-Lucent logo are registered

trademarks and service marks of Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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1 Product Overview
1 Product Overview
This chapter presents an overview of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. The following sections are presented: G G G G G Introduction Network Solutions Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Features System Management
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1.1
Introduction
As one of the key components of Alcatel-Lucents Next Generation Network (NGN) and IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) portfolio, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides seamless interworking of media streams between the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and IP networks, as well as between IP networks. More and more service providers are transforming their networks into all-IP networks. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW today provides a cost effective solution for PSTN to IP conversion, and a smooth evolution to a Border Gateway guarding the interface to other IP-network providers.
Efficient and The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW combines the reliability and Reliable simplicity of voice with the speed and efficiency of data networks. Networks It features an advanced architecture and interfaces optimized for
packet voice applications, together with carrier-class reliability, availability and quality.
Single Platform
A single platform, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports multiple media gateway applications and facilitates the evolution of the PSTN towards a Voice over Packet (VoP) network and smooth evolution to an all-VoIP network. Based on its modular concept the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports simultaneous operation as TGW, BGW and SGW in one chassis. All modules of the TGW, except the Circuit Interface Modules (CIM), can be reused for the BGW application.
Industry Using open and standardized signaling and control protocols Standards such as Megaco/H.248 and Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN), it
can be deployed with Alcatel-Lucent softswitch and Media Gateway Controller (MGC) platforms as well as integrated into any multi-vendor next generation network. An NGN contains three main building blocks: softswitches, media gateways and a packet-based transport network. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is the key element for Alcatel-Lucents NGN solutions, setting the foundation for voice quality, reliability, scalability and performance in the high-density segment. It provides VoIP capabilities and serves as a key transitional element between todays circuit-switched and packet-switched telephony networks, and serves as a Border Gateway between
Key NGN Building Block
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packet networks to ensure network security, service interworking and accounting. Combined with the Alcatel-Lucent 5020 Softswitch Platform and 5450 IMS Session Controller, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW enables multifold NGN solutions.
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1.2
Network Solutions
As shown in Figure 1, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers the following network solutions:
Figure 1
Network Solutions
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" " "
Trunking Gateway Centralized AGW Border Gateway
Trunking The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers the highest port density in Gateway VoIP trunking on a true carrier grade platform, thereby enabling
By supporting TDM hairpinning (native TDM switching) and avoiding burdening IP network with local calls, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW enables efficient treatment of local calls while migrating to an NGN Class 4 solution.
reliable and cost-efficient utilization of IP network for transit voice traffic.
Centralized AGW
The Centralized Access Gateway (CAGW), under the control of signaling compatible MGC like Alcatel-Lucent 5020 MGC, supports the following Local EXchange (LEX) bypasses: PBX Access By allowing direct Private Branch Exchange (PBX) access to IP-based NGN platforms, bypassing TDM local exchanges, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides cost-efficient Primary Rate Access (PRA) lines for connecting corporate PBX systems.
Border Gateway
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW interworks with the Alcatel-Lucent 5020 MGC as Alcatel-Lucent Border Gateway. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 Border Gateway Function (BGF) is to adapt, police and switch media streams. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 integrated SIP Firewall is to adapt, police and switch the SIP control stream to the Interconnection Border Control Function (IBCF), e.g., the Alcatel-Lucent 5020 MGC.
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1.3
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits

An Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, featuring a carrier-grade platform and a highly scalable distributed switching architecture, is specifically designed to meet stringent operator requirements demanded by Next Generation media gateway applications. Table 2 lists key benefits uniquely distinguishing the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW in the media gateway market.
Table 2
Key Benefits
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits

Feature TGW BGW SGW Description Leveraging common media resources and multihoming (virtualized Media Gateway) in one chassis. Smooth transition TGW > BGW. Full PSTN-network conversion.
Versatile platform
Density/Scalability
User-configurable number of Voice Access Modules [Digital Signaling Processors (DSPs)] 20-slot chassis with a 14 U x 18 inch x 19 inch size (1 U = 44.45 mm)
Available in multiple configurations, each Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW DSP module has a maximum capacity to serve 7,000 DS0s simultaneously or 32,000 DS0s per gateway for VoIP (64,000 DS0s per gateway for services w/o media processing). The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW architecture efficiently and economically increases DSP power and packet forwarding rates without requiring major system upgrades. The gateway uses an NGN connection control model to maintain call processing, independent of other functions, e.g., DSP resource management. All control, interfaces, and voice processing hardware modules are 1+1 or N+1 (active + standby) redundant and hot swappable, allowing any module to be removed and replaced without shutting down the system. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW includes redundant power interfaces. All optical interfaces support Link Protection Switching (LPS). Switching from an active to a standby line does not result in lost packets.
High Capacity Switching Architecture
Pool of DSP resources shared by all ports and interfaces Provides native-mode switching and adaptation of different media types including TDM and VoIP Features a non-blocking 16 Gbit/s packet switch fabric and a non-blocking 10 Gbit/s TDM switch fabric, as well as a variety of high-speed broadband and TDM interfaces
Carrier-Class Reliability and Availability
Designed with numerous redundancy and fault tolerance features to provide a very high level of availability and reliability
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Key Benefits Latest DSP Technology
Feature A pool of high-density DSP-based modules offering several Voice Codecs and G.168 compliant echo cancellation is used.
Description Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW DSPs offer dynamic access to any port or interface to connect to voice compression and packetization, silence suppression, echo cancellation, and other packet voice processing facilities. Any to any codec. PLC is an algorithm used to minimize distortion in output voice, caused by packet loss or excessively late speech packets. The voice activity detection in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW stops transmission of packets when periods of silence occur during a conversation. The adaptive jitter buffer compensates for delay variations in packet transmission times during a VoIP call. An Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports an open control interface, e.g., to connect to:
Packet to Packet transcoding. Packet Loss Concealment
Silence Suppression
Adaptive Jitter Buffer
Open Standard Protocols
Supports the industry-standard H.248.1 Version 2 signaling protocol to seamlessly interwork with multiple softswitches.
G G
MGCs using the H.248 protocol TISPAN NGN R1 (TGW profile) or ETSI TS 123 002 Mn profile (IMS-MGW) ETSI ES 283 018 H.248 Ia profile version (BGW profile) an Alcatel-Lucent 5020 MGCF multi-vendor NGN networks.
G G G
Multicore/Multithreat MIPS64 Technology Multicore CPUs for high performance call-processing. General Purpose Throughput Processing. Industry Leading Management Solution Alcatel-Lucent 7510 Media Gateway Element Manager (MGEM)
Enables flexible application on the Hardware, network processing, traffic management, performance monitoring, encryption and SGW. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGEM offers Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) controlled Graphical User Interface (GUI) management of all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW units, supporting configuration, fault, performance, and security management.
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1.3.1
General Features
Table 3 summarizes the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW general features. Table 3
Features Switching Capacity
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW General Features

Description 10 Gbit/s TDM switch fabric 16 Gbit/s packet switch fabric
PSTN Interfaces
Up to 32 OC-3/STM-1 [Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) single-mode or multi-mode with 32*(1+1) redundancy)]. Up to 72 Digital Signal 3 (DS3) electrical interfaces. Up to 15x32 T1/E1 Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) interfaces. NOTE: The interfaces are protected in 1+1 redundancy even if N+1 redundancy is selected for module protection.
Packet Interfaces
Up to 8 Gigabit Ethernet with additional 8*(1+1) redundancy. NOTE: The interfaces are protected in 1+1 redundancy even if N+1 redundancy is selected for module protection.
Management Interfaces
Fast Ethernet 1+1 redundancy RS-232 Local and remote Command Line Interface (CLI) SNMP agent Telnet/Secure SHell (SSH)
IP Services
IPv4/IPv6 dual stack for GigEinterface (media). IPv4/IPv6 dual stack for Fast Ethernet interface (MGC). IPv4 for Fast Ethernet interface (OAM). Domain Name Service (DNS) client service. Network Time Protocol (NTP) v.4 support. IP security (IPsec) using the Encapsulating Security Protocol (ESP) with Tunnel Mode.
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Features Signaling and Call Control
Description H.248.1 Version 2 TISPAN NGN R1 (TGW profile) ETSI TS 123 002 Mn profile (IMS-MGW) ETSI ES 283 018 H.248 Ia profile version (BGW profile) Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) SIGTRAN IUA SIGTRAN M2UA SIGTRAN M3UA SPC (TDM-TDM) for signal link concentration (e.g. SS7) SPC (TDM-IP) for signal link forwarding (e.g. user network signaling, e.g. RSU/CSN signaling) NOTE: To forward/concentrate signaling links, bundled in the same physical link as the bearer channels, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides the opportunity to configure SPCs per UI.
Clock Synchronization
Internal Stratum 2 or 3 clock available Any TDM Line Timing interface External clock interfaces: G G Building Integrated Timing Source (BITS) Synchronization Supply Unit (SSU)
Timing Redundancy (1+1) VLAN Support Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) tagging based on provisioned IP addresses or by H.248 control
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Features Reliability & Redundancy
Description Event log, performance management fault monitoring and alarm generation CLI and GUI based SNMP management 1+1 / n+1 redundancy of each module, power, fan tray Total availability >99,999 %
Quality of Service
IP Type Of Service (TOS) packet marking for voice, signaling, Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM), and other packets set by the User Interface (UI) or by H.248 control. Alcatel-Lucent softswitch, 3rd party softswitches, VoIP Gateways and VoIP terminals.
Interoperability
The physical specifications can be found in Appendix A.
1.3.2
System Robustness and Stability

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following robustness and stability feature.
H.248.11 The H.248.11 overload feature is based on a load threshold Overload which is set by using the relevant OAM command. The MGW Robustness load is measured in terms of processor occupancy.When the
MGW load exceeds the threshold value, the MGW sends an overload event to the softswitch. As a result, the softswitch should reduce the load on the MGW.
1.3.3
Geographic Redundancy
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports geographic redundancy in a network.
H.248.gri To enable call server (MGCF, IBCF or SPDF) to synchronize

call-context related information via the MGW, the H.248.gri package is supported. Therefore the call server , establishing new call contexts, provides the MGW call-context records per context. At failover the redundant call server obtains these records from MGW, required for further call processing, while the bearer-path is kept up.
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1.3.4
Versatile Platform; Combining TGW, BGW and SGW

The 7510 MGW is capable to operate simultaneously as TGW with TDM interfaces and BGW providing media and SIP firewall to secure packet-networks. Therefore the 7510 MGW can be split into multiple virtual entities, each providing a separate interface to a control function, either multiple MGCF, IBCF or a mix of MGCF and IBCF. Each virtual media gateway can be configured with an MGC specific profile. Furthermore the 7510 MGW supports a mixed TGW/BGW profile together with AlcatelLucent MGCF/IBCF that allows to address TDM terminations and BGW realms within one context to generate a cost and operation optimized configuration of TGW and BGW in one instance. TDM resources can be assigned via user interface to the corresponding MGCF. Up to 512 IP realms with unique VLAN ID each, are supported to connect packet networks (carriers) to the BGW. The IP realms can be assigned individually to a virtual BGW entity controlled by the corresponding IBCF. IP realms can be assigned to a unique Gigabit Ethernet interface or can be distributed over multiple Gigabit Ethernet interfaces. Each IP realm is characterized by a media profile. Each VBPIxGES PIM module hosting the Gigabit Ethernet interface supports up to 1024 IP addresses. Figure 2 shows the Multiple Virtual MGW Function:
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Figure 2
Multiple Virtual MGW Function
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1.3.5
Density and Scalability/Performance

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis supports 20 slots and can be configured with five types of application-specific modules:
"
The System Control Module (SCM) performs all management functions and houses the SIP firewall. The Switch Fabric Module (SFM) performs all routing functions (TDM and packet). The Circuit Interface Module (CIM) includes OC-3/STM-1, DS3 or T1/E1 interfaces to receive or forward PSTN traffic. The Packet Interface Module (PIM) includes a Gigabit Ethernet port to receive and forward packet traffic. The Media Conversion Module (MCM) contains a pool of DSPs that convert TDM traffic to packet, or packet traffic to TDM traffic. Additionally the MCM performs Voice Compression and Echo Cancellation.
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1.3.6
Performance
Table 4 lists the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW performance characteristics. Table 4
Function Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) Context Attempts Per Second (CoAPS) per Gateway [Call Hold Time (CHT) is 120 seconds] Maximum Busy Hour Call Attempts (BHCA) per Gateway
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Performance

Value > 12 years 270
972,000
1.3.7
System Management and OAM Overview

Note Details of the system management and OAM tools and features are available in chapter 8.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains a comprehensive set of system management and OAM tools and features, namely:
" " " " " " " " "
Chassis Management Configuration Management Fault Management Diagnostic Test BERT System Logging and Debugging Performance Management Security Management OAM Interfaces Software Upgrade Management
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2 Features and Services Platform

This chapter describes features and services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW platform. The following sections are presented: G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G Introduction Interfaces Signaling Protocols Supported Multi-Vendor Interoperability Virtual Media Gateways Voice Codecs Voice-Band and Voice-Band Data Services Inband Signaling Based Call Services Quality of Service Secured IP-Interfaces (OAM and MGC) Tones and Announcements Redundancy, Reliability, and Availability IP Services and Resilience Switching and Interworking Modes Switched Connection Types
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2.1
Introduction
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW has been optimized to operate in the Next Generation convergence switch market; it is installed on the boundary between PSTN and packet networks to convert TDM voice, facsimile signals or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) data into packetized data traffic, which is then transported over a packet network, and vice-versa. This Gateway functions as a high-capacity Trunking Media Gateway to service VoIP or FoIP calls. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW multiplexes DS0 channels into OC-3/STM-1 or T1/E1 structured data transmission streams, and in the reverse transmission direction demultiplexes these streams into individual DS0 channels. The gateway operates together with a softswitch (a Media Gateway Controller or BCG), and can employ the H.248.1 Version 2 and the SIGTRAN XUA signaling protocols to exchange control messages. The softswitch performs call control to set up a call context, release a call context, and manage enhanced services.
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2.2
Interfaces
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the narrowband, broadband, and management interfaces shown in Figure 3.
Softswitch H.248 Fast Ethernet OC3/STM1 or T1/E1 PSTN SIP 1 Gigabit Ethernet SFW SIP 1 Gigabit Ethernet Media Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Packet
RS232
(using SNMP) MGEM MGAM
Craft Console
UPD_0173_fig20b_ed02
OC3 PSTN SDH SONET STM1 SFW
: Optical Carrier 3 : Public Switched Telephone Network : Synchronous Digital Hierarchy : Synchronous Optical Network : Synchronous Transport Module Level 1 : SIP Firewall
Figure 3
Interfaces Supported
Table 5 lists the interfaces supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
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Table 5
Interface PSTN
Interfaces Supported
Description Channelized OC-3/STM-1 SONET/SDH, optical, full duplex, single-mode and multi-mode T1/E1 electrical 100/120 DS3 electrical BNC
RTP (VoIP) Signaling
Gbit/s Ethernet, full duplex, 1+1 redundant H.248: 10/100 Mbit/s Fast Ethernet, 1+1 redundant SIGTRAN/SCTP: Gbit/s Ethernet, full duplex, optical, 1+1 redundant SIP (firewall): Gbit/s Ethernet, full duplex, electrical, 1+1 redundant
Management
Redundant 1+1 Fast Ethernet, 10/100 Mbit/s link used for management. Full duplex, auto-sensing port with unique Medium Access Control (MAC) address. CLI interface via RS-232, RJ-45 type connector Alarm Cut Off (ACO) switch on an alarm panel, external alarm interface.
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2.3
Signaling Protocols Supported

The following signaling types are supported:
"
Megaco
2.3.1
H.248.1 Version 2
The H.248.1 Version 2 protocol is an industry-standard media gateway control protocols which address the relationship between a media gateway and a softswitch (which is also called a media gateway controller). The softswitch directs an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW to dynamically establish and release voice and data (e.g., fax, modem transparent channel) connections over a packet network using the H.248.1 Version 2 protocol.
Megaco Features
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW implementation of the Megaco v1.0 protocol includes Text Encoding and supports the use of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) as transport protocol. TDM termination ID strings are configurable to guarantee the best possible inter-operability with softswitches. For detailed descriptions of the supported Megaco features, refer to the document: Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement.
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2.4
Multi-Vendor Interoperability
Open standard-based solutions are the key to promote interoperability among vendors, and are crucial to service providers deploying multivendor services. Alcatel-Lucent is committed to deliver open, standard-based solutions. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW allows service providers to deploy equipment from multiple vendors and reduce risks that stem from rigid, single-service systems. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the industry standard protocol Megaco and operates together with multivendor softswitch and gateway systems. TGW application for PSTN Emulation Subsystem as Trunking MGF, according to TISPAN NGN Release 1 (TGW profile) identical to the IMSMGW defined in TS 123 002 (Mn Interface), is located at the boundary between an IP core network and the PSTN/ISDN. BGW application, also called Border Gateway Function, with Ia Interface (ETSI ES283 018 H.248 Ia profile version 1), is located at the boundary between two IP core networks.
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2.5
Virtual Media Gateways

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be partitioned into multiple Virtual Media Gateways (VMGs) allowing multiple Controllers to interact simultaneously with disjoint sets of Contexts/Terminations within the same MGW. This MGC multi-homing capability provides functionality for geographical redundancy in case of catastrophic outages at the call control layer (1 MGW is controlled by 2 MGCs at different locations) as well as for efficiency (multiple MGC-entities can share resources of an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW). The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW allows the assignment of resources to each VMG entity without service interruption. The main configuration properties of VMGs in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW are the following:
"
The VMG implementation is according to ITUT H.248.1 chapter 11.1. The maximum number of VMGs in a physical MGW is 128. All the VMGs can be controlled by different MGCs. The granularity per virtual media gateway set is E1.
" " "
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2.6
Voice Codecs
In IP networks, where bandwidth efficiency and compatibility to different VoIP clients have top priority, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports compressed and un-compressed voice codecs complying to different requirements. Transcoding for each codec, supported by the 7510 MGW, is supported in scope of the BGW application. The voice codecs supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW are listed and explained in the following sections.
" " " " " " " " " " "
G.711 Codec G.729A/B Codec G.723.1 Codec G.726 Codec AMR2 Codec AMR-WB Codec GSM-FR Codec GSM-EFR Codec GSM-HR Codec G.728 Codec EVRC Codec
2.6.1
G.711 Codec
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the A-law and -law variants of the un-compressed codec G.711.
2.6.2
G.729A/B Codec
The G.729A/B codecs are becoming accepted standards for voice compression. They use only 8Kbit/s of bandwidth and, therefore, offer significant bandwidth gain, while still producing high voice quality. These properties make G.729A/B the de facto standard for ,Wide Area Network (WAN) connections running IP telephony. The G.729A/B codecs use packet sizes of 10 to 60 ms in steps of 10 ms. The basic codec is the G.729A. The G.729B is the extended version comprising the following additional features:
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" " "
VAD Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) CNG
2.6.3
G.723.1 Codec
The G.723.1 codec is used in networks that require maximum bandwidth efficiency. The supported packet sizes are 30 and 60 ms. The following codec variants are used:
" "
G.723.1 - ACELP (5.3 kbit/s) G.723.1 - MPMLQ (6.3 kbit/s)
2.6.4
G.726 Codec
The G.726 codec has an extended inter-operability with VoIP equipment and is, therefore, widely used. The supported packet sizes are 10, 20 and 30 ms. The G.726 codec is configurable in four different bitrate variants as follows:
" " " "
G.726 variant with 16 kbit/s G.726 variant with 24 kbit/s G.726 variant with 32 kbit/s G.726 variant with 40 kbit/s
2.6.5
AMR2 Codec
Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) is an Audio data compression scheme optimized for speech coding. AMR is adopted as the standard speech codec in wireless networks. The codec has eight bit rates:12.2, 10.2, 7.95, 7.40, 6.70, 5.90, 5.15 and 4.75 kbit/s. The bitstream is based on frames which contain 160 samples and are 20 milliseconds long. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the RTP payload format for AMR encoded speech signals according to RFC3267.
2.6.6
AMR-WB (G.722.2) Codec

G.722.2 is an ITUT standard wideband speech codec, also known as AMR Wide Band (AMRWB), offers even lower bit rate compressions, as well as the ability to quickly adapt to varying compressions as the network topography mutates. In the latter
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case, bandwidth is automatically conserved when network congestion is high. When congestion returns to a normal level, a lower-compression, higher-quality bit rate is restored. The codec provides the bit rates: 23.85, 23.05, 19.85, 18.25, 15.85, 14.25, 12.65, 8.85 and 6.60 kbit/s. G.722 and its variants sample audio data at a rate of 16 kHz, double that of traditional telephony interfaces, which results in superior audio quality and clarity.
2.6.7
GSM-FR Codec
The Full Rate (FR) speech codec is defined by the ETSI specification GSM 06.10. The GSM-FR speech codec uses the Regular Pulse Excitation Long Term Prediction (RPE-LTP) algorithm and operates at 13 kbit/s.
2.6.8
GSM-EFR Codec
The Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech codec is defined by the ETSI specification GSM 06.60. The GSM-EFR speech codec uses the Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction (ACELP) algorithm. Working at 12.2 kbit/s the EFR codec provides wirelike quality in any noise free and background noise conditions. The EFR 12.2 kbit/s speech coding standard is compatible with the highest AMR-mode.
2.6.9
GSM-HR Codec
The Half Rate (HR) speech codec is defined by the ETSI specification GSM 06.20. The GSM-HR speech codec operates at 5.6 kbit/s and thus requires half the bandwidth of the GSM-FR speech codec.
2.6.10
G.728 Codec
The G.728 speech codec operates at 16 kbit/s and uses the LowDelay Code Excited Linear Prediction (LDCELP) algorithm.
2.6.11
EVRC Codec
EVRC(A) and EVRCB with header-free packet format according to RFC 4788. Discontinuous Transmission;
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EVRCB is an extension of EVRC(A) and provides a fourth data rate (1/4) in comparison to EVRC(A) to reduce average data rate.
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2.7
Voice-Band and Voice-Band Data Services

Voice-band and Voice-band data services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW include the following:
" " " " " " " " "
Voice Activity Detection Comfort Noise Generation Packet Loss Concealment Echo Cancellation Adaptive Jitter Buffer Fax Modem / T.38 Voice Band Data Mode Media Inactivity Detection Media Replication
2.7.1
Voice Activity Detection

The Voice Activity Detection (VAD) in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW stops transmission of speech data when periods of silence occur during a conversation by monitoring the traffic stream at the transmitting end (to detect audio silence based on audio power falling below a certain threshold). During such periods, no audio payload packets are sent, increasing transmission efficiency. Silence suppression can be enabled or disabled for each individual channel; it is often undesirable when the channel is carrying facsimile or modem traffic.
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VAD can be configured in four different modes: off no VAD, i.e., packets are always sent. transparent is an alternative to the off mode, but with an adaptive threshold that will not rise above 62 dBm). conservative is the best compromise between voice quality and bandwith consumption; the adaptive threshold will not rise above 42 dBm). aggressive The aggressive mode is suitable for voice with very low-level background noise: the adaptive threshold will not rise above 36 dBm).
2.7.2
Comfort Noise Generation

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW uses Comfort Noise Generation to supply a non-silent audio signal to a listener (person) during intervals of silence suppression. This comfort noise masks the audible clipping effects of activating and de-activating the voice channel. Comfort noise also avoids uncomfortable, total silence that would otherwise be experienced by a listener during periods of silence suppression. Characteristics of the source silence are used to generate the comfort noise, making the silence suppression less noticeable to a listener. CNG can have the following settings: off generates absolute silence. white all frequencies have the same power level (flat spectrum). pink uses a spectrum with high frequency roll-off; more closely matched to typical background noise conditions (compliant to ITU-T standard P.800). spectral CNG according to G.711 Appendix II (described in the ITU-T G.711 specification).
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2.7.3
Packet Loss Concealment

PLC is an algorithm used to minimize distortion in output voice, caused by packet loss or excessively late speech packets according to:
" "
G.711 Appendix I. Embedded PLC algorithm in all compressed codecs.
2.7.4
Echo Cancellation
An echo is commonly introduced at the four-wire (PSTN switch) to two-wire (local loop) hybrid interface in a circuit-switched network due to impedance mismatch. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW suppresses this echo before it propagates to the VoIP network by implementing an integrated echo canceller that complies with G.168. This echo canceller delivers up to 128 milliseconds tail length of cancellation (see Table 6). Table 6 Echo Cancellation Supported
Echo Cancellation Features Description Standards Supported Maximum Tail Length using MCM board: VBMCMxE: ITU G.168 128 ms
Echo cancellation can be enabled or disabled for each individual channel; it is desired on a channel when voice is being transmitted, but is often undesirable when a channel is carrying other types of information, like tones, facsimile, or modem traffic.
2.7.5
Adaptive Jitter Buffer

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides an adaptive jitter buffer having a configurable upper limit of 135 milliseconds. This jitter buffer compensates for delay variations in packet transmission times during a VoIP call, which causes jitter. The jitter buffer stores received packets for the configured amount of time, and afterward forwards them to the G.711 codec at a more stable rate. To achieve a minimum of delay, the buffer adapts to the actual network jitter.
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2.7.6
Fax Modem / T.38

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports different types of Fax transmission through the IP network, namely:
" "
Fax Relay over T.38 Fax Pass Through (i.e. transport of fax-signal in VBD-mode)
Fax Relay over T.38

This is the recommended version for efficient, economic and reliable Fax transport and includes additional services.
" " " " "
Fax relay over T.38 using UDP/IP Support of transferred Training Check Frame (TCF) Support of redundant UDP error correction support of all rates of V.17, V.27 and V.29 Bandwidth limitation by setting maximum bit rate for Fax transfer Support of up to 20% port capacity for simultaneous Fax relays
"
T.38 with This option provides inter-operability with existing VoIP networks, Parameter independent of the used protocol (H.323, SIP, H.248, etc.). On Negotiation interworking with an Alcatel-Lucent softswitch, full compatibility to
T.38 is offered. The relevant parameters can be exchanged via the signaling protocol.
Fax Pass Through

Fax pass through is used when endpoints are not T.38 compatible. The Fax transmission with Fax pass through is based on G.711. On recognition of Fax events, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW will switch to Voice Band Data (VBD) mode to provide a completely transparent transport layer for Fax transmission. About VBD mode see section 2.7.7.
2.7.7
Voice Band Data Mode

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the VBD-mode for modem calls according to the V.152 standard. On recognition of modem tones, a switch to VBD-mode is performed to speed up the support for modem calls.
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Additionally, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports tone detection to switch to VBD-mode of the following modem standards: V.21, V.22(bis), V.23, V.32, and V.34.
V.32ext The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the V.32ext specific

modem detection and, the procedure to switch autonomously to VBD-mode, which guarantees the data transport.
Text-Phone The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports

Text-phone-pass-through, i.e., the text-phone protocol. This protocol allows a mixed mode communication, i.e., low bitrate text messages can be forwarded during a voice call. VBD stimuli criteria for the text telephony applications are according to V.152.
Robust VBD
Optionally the robust VBD mode, according RFC2198, can be enabled, sending redundant packets to prevent distortion of modem/fax transmission, caused by packet loss.
2.7.8
Media Inactivity Detection

The Media Inactivity Timer enables the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW to monitor VoIP calls. If no RTCP packets are received within a configurable time period a notification is sent towards the MGC. This allows call control to disconnect media sessions that were not properly released on the part of signaling.
2.7.9
Media Replication
To supervise each bearer session, processed by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, it provides media replication for voice media traffic towards mediation device at packet network controlled by MGC using topology and stream descriptor. The media replication can be used to implement special services which could be requested by local law.
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2.8
Inband Signaling Based Call Services Platform

Inband signaling based call services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, in TGW application as well as for BGW application in media aware mode, include the following:
" " "
DTMF Packet Relay Inband Signaling Processing Digitmap
2.8.1
DTMF Packet Relay

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the transmission of DTMF tones to forward Named Telephone Events (NTEs) according to the RFC2833 and RFC4733 standard. By default the payload type is negotiated dynamically Optionally, the payload type can be configured to ensure compatibility with H.323 VoIP networks. In BGW application the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW may transcode DTMF digits received inband in IP-realm A to NTE-messages in IP-realm B. By media profile the media capabilities per IP-realm are configurable.
2.8.2
Inband Signaling Processing

The following Inband Signaling Processing features are available with the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW:
" " "
Digit Collection Service Digit Map State Machine Digit Outpulsing Service
Digit Collection The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW collects DTMF and Multi Service Frequency (MF) tones. These tones are analyzed and stored as
digits. Notification about the received digits to the softswitch is realized by a Digitmap-state machine.
Digit Map State The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW uses a Digitmap-state machine Machine to realize extended digit collection services. The following
extended digit collection services are available:
" " "
Interaction on each detected digit (no post dial delays) Credit/calling card calls Triggering the re-origination of special functions
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The Digitmap-state machine can be adapted to customer requirements by simply adapting the eXtended Markup Language (XML)-style configuration file. With each call, the digitmap and its relevant parameters can be provided. These parameters are:
" " " " "
Maximum amount of digits First digit timer Fast inter-digit timer Remaining inter-digit timer International inter-digit timer
Up to 48 digit can be buffered by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, without receiving a valid digitmap from the softswitch. The Digitmap-state machine can perform the following actions:
" " " " " "
Reset dialing Collect digits Ignore digits Notification of invalid actions Activate/reset timer Switch Digitmap-state machine
Digit Outpulsing
Additionally to the detection, storing and analyzing of digits, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW also supports the outpulsing of digits.
2.8.3
Digitmap
A Digit Map is a dialing plan resident in the Media Gateway and used to detect and report digit events received on a termination. A Digit Map and its name is loaded into the Media Gateway by an MGC. Digit Maps are implemented according to the H.248 standard, i.e. maximum 195 bytes per termination.
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2.9
Quality of Service
Due to the delay-sensitive nature of packet voice communications, service providers require well engineered, end-to-end IP networks to successfully deploy high quality VoIP services. Service providers can use three fundamental techniques to support QoS across their IP networks:
" " "
Providing excess network bandwidth Static and dynamic bandwidth reservation Traffic prioritization.
Of these three techniques, traffic prioritization is the most economical and powerful way to support differentiated services. Fine-tuning IP networks to adequately support QoS involves DiffServ and IP ToS features, which are used to mark packets to achieve prioritization. Traffic prioritization features are widely deployed in core backbone routers and switches; they can work together with media gateways that support the same techniques. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is able to prioritize different types of traffic, depending on the priority of a given traffic stream; it tags voice packets with a priority value that backbone switches and routers then use to prioritize traffic. Once a packet has been tagged with a priority value, subsequent switches and routers along the transmission path use the tag to identify traffic that is to receive preferential treatment. There are two standards enabling end-to-end traffic prioritization across IP networks, the IP ToS, and DiffServ; the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports both of them. For both IP ToS and DiffServ, routing decisions in the IP network are based on the same six bits in the IP v.4 header (see Figure 4). Values of these bits are in accordance with the IP ToS or DiffServ core network architecture. With the H.248.52 package (ex H.248.QoS) a property to control the setting of the DiffServ field of the IP header, as defined in IETF RFC 2474 is available. The MGC can set the quality of service for egress media flows without having to provision the MGW with a default Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) value. This enables individual marking per IP termination to specify the proper QoS level per IP realm and media stream.
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IP TOS IPv4 Packet Header IPv4
DiffServ Packet Header
IPv4 TOS Byte
DS Byte
2 3 TOS
0 DSCP
5 6 not used
Precedence
MBZ
Type of Service Field RFC 1349 Defines: 1000 Minimize Dely 0100 Maximize Throughput 0010 Maximize Reliability 0001 Minimize Monetary Cost 0000 Normal Service
Recommended DSCP: RFC 2597 001010 (low), 001100 (medium), 001110 (high) AF Class 1 010010 (low), 010100 (medium), 010110 (high) AF Class 2 011010 (low), 011100 (medium), 011110 (high) AF Class 3 100010 (low), 100100 (medium), 100110 (high) AF Class 4 DiffServ DS DSCP IP RFC TOS : Differentiated Service : DiffServ : Differentiated Services Codepoints : Internet Protocol : Request for Comments : Typ of Service
0193_qos_ed01
Figure 4
IP Header for ToS and DiffServ The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW simply marks the packets accordingly and sends them to the core network (IP Backbone (see Figure 5). The core network routers must be able to identify ToS-packets or DiffServ-packets, as well as be able to associate priorities with service levels, to forward these voice packets across the core network using packet prioritization and congestion control techniques.
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Classification Marking Traffic Policing Scheduling
Backbone Routers
7510 Media Gateway Classification Marking Traffic Policing Scheduling 0208_forvoipack_ed01 Per Hop Behaviour Precedence queuing Weighted scheduling Priority dropping
7510 Media Gateway
Figure 5
Forwarding Voice Packets using Backbone Routers
The following list summarizes the IP ToS and DiffServ types supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW:
"
User-configurable IP header ToS/DiffServ bits for voice packets User-configurable IP header ToS/DiffServ bits for signaling packets User-configurable IP header ToS/DiffServ bits for OAM&P User-configurable IP header ToS/DiffServ bits for other packets.
"
" "
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2.10
Secured IP-Interfaces (OAM and MGC)

" "
IPsec Telnet/SSH
2.10.1
IPsec
The IETF has developed a method of ensuring secured data transmission in packet networks that use the IP protocol, called IPsec. IPsec uses powerful new encryption technologies to add security services to the IP layer of data transmission, allowing network operators to secure communications in their network. IPsec is compatible with the existing IP standard, IP v.4, which is planned to become mandatory in the succeeding IP standard, IP v.6.
IPsec Features
The IPsec implementation in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains the following features:
"
The encryption mechanism is Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP). The following encryption/authentication methods are supported:
D D D D D
DES (maximum 56 bit) 3DES (maximum 168 bit) MD5 (maximum 20 bit) SHA1 (maximum 16 bit) NULL
" " "
Tunnel Mode Manual Key Exchange Supported IPsec interfaces are:

D D
Signaling Interface (see Table 5) Management Interface (see Table 5)
2.10.2
Telnet/SSH
A secured Telnet session can be established between a remote client and the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW using Secure SHell (SSH). It uses public-key cryptography, to authenticate the remote computer, and data encryption .
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SSH Features
The SSH implementation in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains the following features:
"
The following encryption/authentication methods are supported:

D D D D D
DES 3DES AES MD5 SHA-1 DH group1 DH group14 RSA DSS Management Interface (see Table 5)
"
Key exchange methods:

D D
"
Public key algorithms:

D D
"
Supported SSH interfaces are:

D
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2.11
Tones and Announcements

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers tones and announcements generation.
Supported Tones The following DTMF/MFR1/MFR2F tones are supported on TDM

or RTP terminations:
"
Basic call progress tones

D D D D D D D D
Dial tone Ringing tone Busy tone Congestion tone Special info tone Payphone recognition tone Call waiting tone Caller waiting tone Comfort tone Vacant number tone Special condition dial tone Recall dial tone Confirmation tone Held tone Call transfer dial tone Call forward tone Intrusion tone Continuity check tone (2010 Hz) Continuity check response tone The corresponding Megaco package and signal ID to play the tones are supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
"
Expanded call progress tones

D D D
"
Basic services tones

D D D
"
Expanded services tones

D D
"
Intrusion tones
D
"
Continuity test tones

D D
Note
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Supported The following announcement features are supported: Announcement " Announcements can be played on all TDM terminations Features simultaneously.
"
Announcements and tones can be enabled at RTP or TDM terminations Generic Announcement Package (H.248.7) SCC dial tone (tone that has to be played out as an announcement) Multiple recorded announcements Calling card confirmation tone (tone that has to be played out as an announcement) Total Announcements (48 Announcements with varied length of 4s 8s, total 360 sec Announcements Repeat Count (number of times to play the announcement; value 0 means play the announcement continuously; default = 0) The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can start/restart the announcements at any phase of the call set-up.
" "
" "
"
"
Note
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2.12
Redundancy, Reliability, and Availability

As NGN technologies progress toward offering expansion alternatives to PSTN networks, softswitches and media gateways must guarantee the highest level of reliability and availability to meet the most stringent exchange deployment requirements. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW has been designed with several redundant and fault tolerance features to provide the highest level of availability and reliability. An Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports three hot-swappable fan trays and as many as 20 modules having 1+1 or N+1 redundancy. The unit is designed to support continuous operations and have no single point of failure. Table 7 summarizes redundant components in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. Table 7
Hardware Fan tray Media Conversion Module Circuit Interface Module
Hardware Redundancy
Redundancy (active + standby) Three fan trays, load-sharing, only two required for operation. Pooled architecture scheme in 1+1 or n+1 redundant configurations. SDH CIM: 1+1 or n+1 PDH CIM (E1/T1): n+1 PDH CIM (DS3): 1+1 or n+1
Packet Interface Module System Control Module Switch Fabric Module Power Timing Signaling Port
1+1 or n+1 1+1 1+1 A+B power feed, 1+1 Two sources of external SSU or BITS network timing signals and line timing source Two Fast Ethernet ports, 1+1.
The following operational processes have been optimized to prevent adverse effects to service availability:
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" " " "
Software upgrades Fault management Route establishment Service expansion.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis was designed to support hot-swappable, redundant power sources and cooling devices. All control modules and TDM and packet interfaces, as well as voice processing modules, are fully redundant and hot-swappable. This allows each module to be removed and replaced during operation (without shutting down the gateway). The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW also offers fully redundant software applying to system control, call processing, signaling, and routing. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Fault Tolerant Application Manager (FTAM) software detects internal and external outages, and restores services automatically when possible. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is designed for a 99.999 % availability. The following sections describe how each module in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW operates in a fault-tolerant mode.
2.12.1
System Control Module and Switch Fabric Module

The System Control Module and the Switch Fabric Module redundancy feature applying to the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW allows a standby System Control Module to provide backup, if the active System Control Module fails. It also allows system software upgrades to be performed without incurring downtime. The System Control Module copies all configuration information stored in the active System Control Module into the standby System Control Module. In the event of active System Control Module failure, the standby System Control Module reads its configuration file, re-starts the appropriate routing protocol, and rebuilds the routing tables and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) entries. The standby System Control Module assumes communication with the softswitch without effecting the state of current calls. The System Control Module also houses the SIP Firewall (SFW), located on an Advanced Mezzanine Card (AMC). Purpose of this SFW is to protect IBCF from SIP signaling attacks by filtering the unprotected SIP traffic on the interface to a peer network, before it will pass to the IBCF. This SFW is also redundant like the
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System Control Module, and also provides link protection for the trusted and the untrusted transmission links. The packet switch fabric (c-PSF) on each System Control Module connects to all modules in the system using two redundant 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet MAC controllers. This provides redundant backplane connectivity to the rest of the system. All modules can receive backplane traffic on either bus. If a fault occurs on the packet switching fabric of the active System Control Module, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW immediately switches all traffic to the packet switching fabric on the standby System Control Module.
2.12.2
Packet Interface Module

If an active Packet Interface Module fails, the System Control Module designates the standby Packet Interface Module as the active module, and informs all other modules of the state changes made. An ARP broadcast response is sent using the newly enabled Packet Interface Module ports to ensure that subsequent data sent to the corresponding IP interface is directed toward its new new port. The System Control Module can also switch over the functions of one Packet Interface Module to another Packet Interface Module without disrupting traffic; this is done for maintenance purposes. Each link or channel state is monitored individually. If a link or channel failure is detected and reported, the FTAM informs all other modules. When a link down message is received, each module clears address database and ARP entries pointing to the failed channel, ensuring that the information in the forwarding tables is current and correct.
Equipment PIM protection groups can be configured in an Alcatel-Lucent Protection 7510 MGW, when two Media Interface Modules (MIMs) are Switching EPS installed in adjacent slots, both being connected to one active
and one standby PIM of an active and standby PIM pair. In this situation, when the active PIM experiences a fault, an EPS in the active MIM automatically switches over to the standby PIM. This action is known as Equipment Protection Switching (EPS). Similarly, if a data line connected to a PIM experiences a fault condition, the on-board Central Processing Unit (CPU) in the PIM controls a Link Protection Switch (also part of the PIM) to perform a line change from the defective line to an alternate line, ensuring continued data transmission. This action is known as Link Protection Switching.
Link Protection Switching LPS
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In addition the 7510 MGW supports Bidirectional Forwarding Detection as described in section 2.13.
2.12.3
Circuit Interface Module

If an active Circuit Interface Module fails, the System Control Module designates the standby Circuit Interface Module as the active module, and informs all other modules. The newly activated Circuit Interface Module sends a signal through the TDM fabric to indicate its change of status. When the Media Conversion Modules detect this TDM signal, they switch over to the new TDM fabric. Since all TDM connections are identically set on the newly activated Circuit Interface Module, this transition has no impact on current calls.
Equipment CIM protection groups can be configured in an Alcatel-Lucent Protection 7510 MGW, when two MIMs are installed in adjacent slots, both Switching EPS being connected to one active and one standby CIM of an active
and standby CIM pair. In this situation, when the active CIM experiences a fault, an Equipment Protection Switch in the active MIM automatically switches over to the standby CIM. This action is known as Equipment Protection Switching.
Automatic If a data line connected to a CIM experiences a fault condition, Protection the on-board CPU in the CIM controls an Automatic Protection Switching APS Switch to perform a line change from the defective line to an
alternate line, ensuring continued data transmission. This action is known as Automatic Protection Switching (APS) in SONET based networks. The MGW 7510 supports APS 1+1 for bidirectional nonrevertive and unidirectional nonrevertive mode.
Multiplex Section As part of an SDH network the 7510 MGW supports Multiplex Protection Section Protection (MSP). The MSP link protects the connection
to an other network similar to an APS protection.
2.12.4
Media Conversion Module

By default, all Media Conversion Module operate in an N+1 redundant mode. All control messages to the Voice manager server in the MCM are forwarded transparently via the synchronization manager. The synchronization manager is responsible for distributing the data of all registered calls in the active MCMs to the standby MCM. The standby MCM is always
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synchronized with the data of all active MCMs and ready to takeover the function of one of these modules. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can also assign the non-redundant mode to MCM modules. If an active Media Conversion Module fails, the System Control Module designates the standby Media Conversion Module as the active module, and informs all other modules of these changes. The Circuit Interface Module immediately swaps the TDM data streams connected to the failed Media Conversion Module to the newly activated Media Conversion Module. The Packet Interface Module and the System Control Module update their forwarding tables, to allow all entries in their tables to point to the correct DSP in the newly activated Media Conversion Module.
2.12.5
Signaling
The Megaco or SIGTRAN signaling links between a softswitch and an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW are fully redundant. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW terminates the Megaco or SIGTRAN signaling links on the 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet ports of a pair of fully redundant System Control Modules. From the 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet port of the System Control Module, each Megaco or SIGTRAN signaling connection can be transmitted from the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW over the IP network using different physical routes, and terminate on two physically redundant interfaces in the softswitch. This configuration avoids any single point of failure for Megaco or SIGTRAN signaling traffic. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW also provides a keep alive function serving the signaling links to ensure correct communication. The control software in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW maintains a database of all call termination IDs and call contexts, and can manage queues to process all pending messages to be sent to the softswitch. The control software maintains this database and the corresponding message queues on the standby System Control Module. If the active System Control Module fails, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW automatically switches over to the standby System Control Module, which then automatically communicates with the softswitch without effecting the states of active calls.
2.12.6
Power
Each module in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW uses one of two parallel power sources that are connected to the backplane of
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the chassis to provide power redundancy. The two power sources are either both 48 V, or both 60V DC. If the active power source fails, the system automatically switches to the standby power source. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW hardware manages power source status, low voltage, and corrective action if a power source fails. The voltage available to all modules is also monitored; if the voltage provided to a board falls below the level required for reliable operation, the affected board executes a fault-initiated hard reset.
2.12.7
Cooling
There are three fan trays in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and all are active. Each fan tray contains three fans. Fan status and overall chassis temperature are continuously monitored. The chassis management software issues commands to the fan trays to adjust fan speeds. If the temperature is determined to be above the limit allowed, the fan speeds are increased to reduce the temperature. The system also sends appropriate traps to the network management software when a change in fan status occurs. During maintenance, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be operated with two fan trays.
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2.13
IP Services and Resilience

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW features comprehensive IP routing using a complete IPv4 protocol set. IPv6 support is restricted on media plane. In addition, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports NTP to synchronize its system time with various network time servers in accordance with RFC 1305 (see below).
Network Time Protocol NTP
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports NTP version 4 in accordance with RFC 2030, to synchronize the local Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW system time with one or more network time servers. This provides a reliable and precise timing reference for all logging services. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW periodically sends NTP messages to the time server and adjusts its local system time with the time stamp embedded in the reply messages. The Daylight Saving Time (DST)switchover/switchback is configurable per calendar function for the next years.
2.13.1
Gratuitous ARP
Gratuitous ARP is a layer-2 redundancy mechanism for IP links. In case of a link or I/O-board failure, the old IP address is preserved, but a new / different MAC address is assigned to the redundant Ethernet-interface. In practice this means that the PIM will send out, via the new IP-interface (i.e., via the new active link), a gratuitous ARP-request (according to the IP mobility RFC2002), advertising the new MAC address in conjunction with the old IP address. Based on the new MAC address information, included in the ARP-request, all layer 3 (IP) terminating network elements in the same IP-subnet have to update their ARP-table. The ARP-table update function, in the terminating network elements, has a self-learning capability, documenting a new route (new HW port, new MAC@), leading to the fail-over MIM.
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2.13.2
Bi-directional Forwarding Detection BFD

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Version 1 is a low-overhead, short-duration detection of failures in the path between two systems. If a system stops receiving BFD messages for a long enough period (based on the configuration), it is assumed that a failure along the path has occurred and the associated application is notified. BFD provides on interoperability with a BFD capable router (e.g. 7750) comprehensive IP network resilience. Typically two BFD sessions are configured per IP-interface to supervise the availability of two redundant packet-edge routers. If one session is failing, the packet-routing is forwarded to an alternative packet-edge router. If both BFD sessions fail, an IP-interface takeover is initiated. Towards IP core-network the packet-edge router advertises availability of the MGW dependent on the BFD session state. The BFD feature is available on the Gigabit Ethernet interfaces (VoIP) and the Fast Ethernet interface (Signaling).
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2.14
Switching and Interworking Modes

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW features the following switching and interworking modes:
" "
TDM To/From Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) TDM Hairpinning

D D D
TDM Hairpinning Without DSP Involvement TDM Hairpinning With DSP Involvement TDM Hairpinning With DSP and PIM Involvement BGW Without DSP Involvement BGW With DSP Involvement
"
Border Gateway
D D
The following sections present the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW switching and interworking modes.
2.14.1
TDM To/From RTP

The interworking mode: TDM to/from RTP is a standard Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW feature, see Figure 6.
MCM DSP
CIM
SFM
PIM
DSP MCM
Figure 6
TDM To/From RTP
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2.14.2
TDM Hairpinning
Definition of TDM TDM Hairpinning is a scenario whereby a call is made between Hairpinning two TDM endpoints on a single Media Gateway. The media
comes in on one TDM channel and goes out on another TDM channel through the use of an internal loop in the Media Gateway.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW features three TDM-hairpinning modes, namely:

" " "
TDM Hairpinning Without DSP Involvement TDM Hairpinning With DSP Involvement TDM Hairpinning With DSP and PIM Involvement
TDM Hairpinning The switching mode: TDM-hairpinning without DSP involvement Without DSP creates a loop in the SFM using the native TDM switch without Involvement voice quality degradation, see Figure 7.
MCM DSP
CIM
SFM
PIM
DSP MCM
Figure 7
TDM Hairpinning Without DSP Involvement
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TDM Hairpinning The interworking mode: TDM-hairpinning with DSP involvement With DSP creates a loop in the SFM using the native packet switch without Involvement voice quality degradation. Before and after the switching, the
media is converted using a DSP in the MCM, see Figure 8. This interworking mode is generally used in case of TDM-based voice processing, e.g., echo cancelling, gain control, etc.
MCM DSP
CIM
SFM
PIM
DSP MCM
Figure 8
TDM Hairpinning With DSP Involvement
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TDM Hairpinning With DSP and PIM Involvement
The interworking mode: TDM-hairpinning with DSP and PIM involvement applies in the cases where two different H.248 contexts are two call legs of the same call (the MGC is not aware that these two calls are in fact one and the same call). The two call legs are joined in the PIM, see Figure 9. This interworking mode is required with supplementary services like, e.g., call forwarding or call transfer.
MCM DSP
CIM
SFM
PIM
DSP MCM
Figure 9
TDM Hairpinning With DSP and PIM Involvement
2.14.3
Border Gateway
Border Gateway is a function whereby a call is made between two RTP session endpoints located typically in different IP realms (packet Interfaces in different packet networks) on a single Media Gateway. The media comes in on one RTP/RTCP session and goes out on another RTP/RTCP session through the use of an internal loop in the Media Gateway. All other media streams, not negotiated via signaling interface, are rejected and the BGW acts as dynamic firewall. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW features two stream modes within BGW application, namely:
" "
Definition of Border Gateway
MediaAgnostic (w/o DSP involvement) MediaAware (with DSP involvement)
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Both stream modes are supported within a virtual BGW instance. Even in one H.248 call context a mixture of stream modes is supported.
BGW Without The media stream mode MediaAgnostic (without DSP DSP Involvement involvement) is typically used for pure pinholing with Network
Address Translation (NAT), see Figure 10. If the RTP/RTCP sessions are on different PIMs, the IP-packets are switched via SFM. This is not needed if both sessions end on the same PIM.
MCM DSP
CIM
SFM
PIM
PIM
DSP MCM
Figure 10
BGW Without DSP Involvement
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BGW With DSP The media stream mode MediaAware (with DSP involvement) is Involvement used with media processing functions like voice transcoding
(codec conversion), service transcoding (FAX/DTMF to VBD), traffic policing and enhanced media statistics. A packet to packet loop is created in the SFM switch and includes media processing using a DSP, see Figure 11.
MCM DSP
CIM
SFM
PIM
DSP MCM
Figure 11
BGW With DSP Involvement
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2.15
Switched Connection Types

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW features the following switched connection types:
Dynamic A dynamic connection is the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW standard Standard connection type. Dynamic connections are established using Connections H.248 connection control. Dynamic Test Dynamic test connections include: Connections " Continuity tests
"
Loopback tests
Semi Permanent SPCs have the following properties: Connections " They are established using OAM Commands.
"
A self-healing mechanism restores an SPC in case of loss of connection. An alarm is generated in case the link goes down.
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3 Features and Services TGW Application

This chapter describes features and services which apply to the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 Trunking Gateway application. The following sections are presented: G G G CircuitMode Data Services Inband Signaling Based Call Services TGW Application Semi-Permanent Connections
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3.1
CircuitMode Data Services

ISDN monorate bearer services (e.g., ITUT I.231.1, I.231.3) are based on 1x64 kbit/s bearer channels, whereas ISDN multirate bearer service are defined by Nx64 kbit/s structures. Circuit mode data services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW include the following:
" "
Monorate 64 kbit/s Unrestricted Digital Information Multirate Nx64K Wide-Band Data Services
3.1.1
Monorate 64k Unrestricted Digital Information

In digital, circuit-switched networks, bearer capabilities are requested by ISDN call control signaling during the call set-up phase. This information is passed by the softswitch in the gateway control protocol (Megaco/H.248) to the gateway. Through this trigger, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is capable of switching to Clear mode (on IP side, according IETF RFC 4040) in order to transmit a bearer with 64 kbit/s UDI (e.g., video telephony, G.722 wideband telephony, or digital data transmission).
3.1.2
Multirate Nx64k Wide-Band Data Services

ISDN multirate bearer services are emulated by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW in the IP transport domain in general, using a Circuit Emulation Service over IP (CESoIP) approach. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW principally supports CESoIP on an extension of RTP Clearmode (IETF RFC 4040). ISDN multirate bearer service traffic is encapsulated on a Nx64 basis in the RTP payload. Control of this modes of operation are identical to monorate bearer services. ISDN multirate bearer services are used e.g., for X.25 data services, leased line services, PBX-to-PBX interconnection, video conferencing systems based on ITUT H.320.
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The following ISDN multirate bearer services are defined:

" "
N = 2 (ITU-T I.231.5) N = 6 (ITU-T I.231.6 384 kbit/s unrestricted, 8 kHz structured) N = 24 (ITU-T I.231.x 1536 kbit/s unrestricted, 8 kHz structured) N = 30 (ITU-T I.231.x 1920 kbit/s unrestricted, 8 kHz structured) Other values of N are not excluded e.g., for use in fractional E1/T1 based network applications.
"
"
Note
3.1.3
Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment DCME

Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment (DCME) is often used in front of International Switching Centers (ISCs) to enhance efficiency on long distance TDM links. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can convert these ISCs to NGN using the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW as International Gateway (IGW). The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can interface with DCME according to Q.50A or Q.50B and supports the H.248.42 DCME package for communication with the corresponding MGC.
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3.2
Inband Signaling Based Call Services TGW Application

Inband signaling based call services supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, in TGW application, include the following:
" "
TDM to TDM Hairpinning with Media Processing FSK
3.2.1
TDM to TDM Hairpinning with Media Processing

In addition to native TDM hairpinning, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers media processing for future applications. For this purpose, a DSP is involved. Media processing can be enabled/disabled by the softswitch on a per call basis, using the H.248 protocol. The following media processing features with TDM to TDM hairpinning are available:
" " "
Echo Cancellation Tone Detection A-law/-law conversion (planned for next release)
3.2.2
FSK
For the centralized access gateway application the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) to realize the Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP) service for analog lines connected via analog line concentrator. The MGC provides CLIP relevant data via the H.248.23 package to the 7510 MGW.
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3.3
Semi-Permanent Connections
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports various types of semi-permanent connections:
" " "
SPC without Media Processing SPC without Media Processing with DCME SPC with Media Processing
3.3.1
SPC without Media Processing

An SPC without media processing connects either 2 TDM-ports, or one RTP-port and a TDM-port. This type of SPC could be used to concentrate signaling links associated to bearer links within a PCM link and forward to an signaling end-point. An SPC without media processing can connect two entire PCM links (E1/T1) as well.
3.3.2
SPC without Media Processing with DCME

An SPC without media processing with DCME connects 2 TDM-ports and supports additionally the DCME protocol to extract signaling links out of PCM links connected to DCME equipment.
3.3.3
SPC with Media Processing

An SPC with media processing connects either 2 TDM-ports, or one RTP-port and a TDM-port, and involves a DSP for media processing. This type of SPC is usually used for long-term bearer connections with echo cancellation or compression. Note The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports maximum 4096 SPCs.
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4 Features and Services SGW Application

This chapter describes features and services which apply to the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 Signaling Gateway application. The following sections are presented: G Embedded Signaling Gateway
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4.1
Embedded Signaling Gateway

Within NGN VoIP Networks, when signaling information is transferred within a packet switched network, a signaling gateway function is required to transform the TDM-signals used in a PSTN to signals used in the packet switched network, and vice-versa. In the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, the SIGTRAN protocol family is used to perform this required embedded signaling gateway function.
SIGTRAN IUA
The SIGTRAN IUA protocol is used between a softswitch and an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW to transport Q.931 via IP and to terminate it at the softswitch. A maximum of 256 (IUA) signaling links are supported.
SIGTRAN M2UA
The SIGTRAN M2UA protocol is used to transport the SS7 signaling over IP networks on layer 2, using SCTP. The M2UA function can be realized in two different ways, either on SFM or on PIM2 module. The realization on an SFM module can be done without additional hardware. It allows a realization based on software and data adaptation only. Using this capability on the SFM module the introduction of M2UA protocol in a network can be done very fast. For large M2UA capacity the SGW can be configured on a PIM (VBPIxGES) module.
Entry M2UA Capacity on SFM
A maximum of 16 (M2UA) signaling links with 0.1 Erlang are supported. Note The IUA and M2UA function is available at the basic hardware platform and dont need specific hardware modules. The capacity varies on resources required for MGW call processing. The maximum capacity can only be reached in exclusive IUA/M2UA mode. By realization of M2UA on PIM2 module the full IUA capacity can be used in any case.
Large M2UA Capacity on PIM2
For extended capacity the M2UA application could be operated w/o internal redundancy at the VBPIxGES PIM module. Maximum M2UA capacity: 64 SS7-links at 0.2 Erlang per VBPIxGES-module (max 2 modules per chassis). The capacity per chassis is 128 SS7 links at 0.2 Erlang.
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SIGTRAN M3UA
The SIGTRAN M3UA protocol enables the 7510 MGW to operate as SGW and forward the SS7 protocols User Parts to MGC over IP. The system provides the backhauling mode and is capable to run in ETSI or ANSI environment. The SGW module is based on the VBPIxGES PIM module running a specific software-package on it. The SGW application supports up to 128 logical SS7 networks. Maximum M3UA capacity: 64 SS7-links at 0.2 Erlang per VBPIxGES-module (max 2 modules per chassis). The capacity per chassis is 128 SS7 links at 0.2 Erlang.
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5 Features and Services BGW Application

This chapter describes features and services which apply to the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 Border Gateway application. The following sections are presented: G G G G G G G G G G Introduction Dynamic Media Firewall and Gate Management Traffic Policing Address Translation, Hosted NAT Traversal, and Connectivity IP Version Interworking Media Aware Mode (Transcoding and Media Resource Functions) QoS Tagging and QoS Statistics Peering Partner Monitoring Multimedia Support BGW Specific H.248 Packages
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5.1
Introduction
In Alcatel-Lucents NGN and IMS solutions the 7510 MGW acts as decomposed BGW function including the IBGF to manage peering with other carriers and ABGF to manage access IPnetworks. For the BGW application the 7510 MGW interworks with:
"
IBCF/SPDF using the Iainterface in the role of I, C and ABGF according IMS TISPAN IMSALG using the Iqinterface in the role of an IMS Access Gateway according 3GPP 23.228, Annex G IBCF using the Ixinterface in the role of a Transit Gateway according 3GPP 23.228, Annex I
"
"
The feature set allows operating the 7510 BGW as well as GSMA IPX medianode for IPinterconnect. Alcatel-Lucents approach of embedding BGW functions into these widely deployed MGW platform has been well received by many customers as the ideal solution for evolving their networks from TDM towards IP. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW saves CAPEX/OPEX through reuse, scalability and IMS compliance. Because it provides simultaneous session connectivity for any mix of TDM and IP on a single platform, the solution boosts deployment flexibility and enables economyofscale savings by aggregating more traffic per node.
Figure 12
BGW Application
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The Border Gateway Function controls the transport boundary at layers 2, 3 and 4 between service provider networks. It controls access by packet filtering on IP-media address/port and opening/closing gates (pinholes) into the network and uses Network Address and Port Translation (NAPT) to hide the IP addresses/ports of the service elements in the IMS/NGN core. Quality of Service (QoS) packet marking, bandwidth rate policing, usage metering and QoS measurements for the media flows are additional features supported by the BGW. Optionally the BGW includes media aware functions. It supports the media types audio and video on UDP and multiple streams within one H.248 context. The 7510 MGW configurations support up to 32.000 media sessions in media agnostic mode, where BGW features realized at the VBPIxGE PIM module. Optionally the BGW may be deployed in media-aware mode requiring DSP capacity. The BGW features supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW are listed in the following sections. An overview on those features is given in Figure 13.
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Figure 13
BGW Features List
5.1.1
Context Admission Control

Per IP realm (access or peering) a max-bandwidth threshold can be defined. New context creations are accepted as long as the cumulated bandwidth of all streams stays below the threshold. The reserved bandwidth per stream is derived from b-line in the Session Description Protocol.
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5.2
Dynamic Media Firewall and Gate Management

"
Acts as a media firewall: does not allow any media through unless it has been negotiated via a signaling session. A media pinhole is not opened until directed by the signaling controller, based on a negotiated session. Latching for C(A)BGF function to learn address and port of accessdevice. Prevention of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.
"
"
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5.3
Traffic Policing
"
Limit the traffic bandwidth for each session instructed via traffic management package The peak data rate or sustainable data rate, maximum burst size and delay variation tolerance per stream could be instructed individually per session. Call Admission Control: max. bandwidth configurable for Gigabit Ethernet interface, IP realm or VLAN. * Realized in Media agnostic mode from R3.1 onwards
"
"
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5.4
Address Translation, Hosted NAT Traversal, and Connectivity

"
Provides topology hiding: hides data that exposes internal network information outside the providers network. This is achieved for the media path with network address translation (NAT) / network address port translation (NAPT). Support of different or overlapping IP address realms of the interconnected networks including VLAN support. Multiple IP realms could be assigned to GigE interface. Its recommended to distribute the IP realms via multiple GigE interfaces to enable flexible capacity extension by adding further GigE interfaces vs. exclusive IP realm assignment to specific GigE interfaces. Per chassis up to 1024 IP realms are supported and the system realms feature allows the usability of IP realms across multiple VGW instances. VLAN tagging provisionable per IP realm or signaled via H.248 for VPN bridging.
"
"
"
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5.5
IP Version Interworking
"
The introduction of IPv4/IPv6 dual stack enables an IP-version translation across IP realms controlled by signaling. Per IP realm you may assign either a unique IPprotocol version (IPv4 or IPv6) or both versions, i.e., an IPv4 and an IPv6 address could be assigned to one IP realm.
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5.6
Media Aware Mode (Transcoding and Media Resource Functions)

"
For media aware services MCM modules with DSP are required for media processing Transcoding (any to any within supported codecset) of media streams to fulfill the peer networks media standards like default codec, packetization time, voice activity detection and more. Media profiles per realm to define Interworking for Fax and DTMF per carrier. RTCP Extended Report (RTCP XR) filter could be enabled per realm to avoid incompatibility with noncompatible peernetworks. Media Resource Functions for tones and announcements Media replication for Lawful Intercept Media Inactivity Detection Extended Media Statistics (please refer to QoS statistics for further details)
"
"
"
" " " "
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5.7
QoS Tagging and QoS Statistics

"
Dynamic packet marking per stream, Differentiated Services (DiffServ). or TOS and VLAN to guarantee QoS in IPbackbone, transition to MPLS pipes by packet edge network element Provides key performance voice metrics on a per-session basis; using Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) data (used as well for call accounting records)
D D D
"
Media usage statistics like duration of session and sent/received packets/octets Media quality statistics like round trip delay, packetloss and jitter Extended Media (H.248.XNQ) quality statistics in media aware configuration for:
h h h h h h h h h h h
Time degraded by network problems Network Degraded Seconds Count Network Severely Degraded Seconds Count Time degraded by jitter buffer adaptations Maximum IPDV range within RTCP cycle Global Maximum Jitter range IPDV Sum IPDV Cycles Jitter buffer adaptation events RTP cumulative packet loss Max/xMinimum round trip delay
"
Provides network quality and volume metrics per realm to differentiate QoS figures per connected network:
D D D D
Maximum and average used Bandwidth, packet and octets received/sent Discarded packets due to traffic policing, closed ports Maximum and average delay, jitter, packet loss Monitoring an threshold crossing alarms for quality metrics
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Bandwidth and Error statistics per GigEInterface to monitor physical connection.
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5.8
Peering Partner Monitoring

"
The peering partner or rather the IP-connectivity could be supervised and reported to the controller (IBCF) via the H.248 protocol. On notification the IBCF has the opportunity to select an alternative route to the peering partner. To signal the peering partner service degradation, the BGW does not respond to supervision heartbeat if registration to the controller (IBCF) is lost.
"
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5.9
Multimedia Support
The CBGF and IBGF supports multiple media types typically used in scope of IMS:
" " " "
Media type Audio and Video over UDP Multiple streams (max. 4) within one call context Packet size up to 1522 byte Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP) over TCP. Instant Messaging (IM) clients use for enhanced messaging the MSRP protocol in session mode, e.g., in scope of Rich Communication Suite (RCS) within IMS for video sharing, file sharing ...
Note
For instant messaging the page mode defined in MSRP is used, i.e., transport via control plane. Media plane and BGF is not involved.
"
Further media and protocol types are planned in future releases..
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5.10
BGW Specific H.248 Packages

" "
H.248.37; IP NAPT traversal package H.248.41; IP domain connection package + IP Realm availabilty package H.248.43; Packages for Gate Management and Gate Control H.248.52; Quality of Service Package (diffserv) H.248.53; TMAN TrafficMgmt H.248.56; (VPN package) includes vlantag(802.1q) and 802.1p.
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6 Features and Services SFW Application

This chapter describes features and services which apply to the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 SIP Firewall application. The following sections are presented: G G G G G G G SIP Firewall Overview and Main Features SIP Firewall Features IP Filtering and Classifier IP/UDP/ICMP/TCP DoS Attacks Mitigation Networking Features Redundancy SIP Firewall Capacity
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6.1
SIP Firewall Overview and Main Features

Alcatel-Lucent provides a peering border architecture consisting of:
" " "
An IBCF that supports SIP signaling interworking A BGW that supports the RTP bearer functionality An organic SIP signaling firewall to protect the IBCF from SIP signaling attacks
Figure 14
SFW Application Figure 14 shows the Alcatel-Lucent border solution. The SFW (SIP Signaling Firewall) is located on the edge of the network in front of the IBCF. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 BGW has internal firewall functionality to protect the bearer network from external attacks, but additionally a signaling firewall is needed to protect the IBCF from SIP signaling attacks.
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The SIP firewall is located in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW on the System Control Module (SCM). Only the SIP signaling messages pass through the SFW; bearer packets pass through the BGW media layer. Highlevel functionality of the SFW is:
" " " " " " " " "
Network Address/Port Translation Load Sharing among IBCF CCS ntuple Filtering SIP Support Malicious Attack Prevention IP Realm Separation Per SIP Method Rate Limiting IBCF Geographic Redundancy Support Overlapping IP Address Support
Most firewalls provide SIP firewalling by implementing an Application Layer Gateway (ALG) . From a networking standpoint they can operate either in transparent mode or routed mode with or without performing NAT. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW SIP firewall does not follow that model.
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Figure 15
SIP Firewall Functionality The SIP firewall is built around a SIP stateless RecordRoute Proxy that has been enhanced to be able to track dialogs and transactions. For that purpose that SIP firewall inserts itself in the route (inserts via and recordroute headers) and provides Topology Hiding for the IBCF it protects. It is the next SIP hop for that IBCF. Since it operates as a stateless Proxy, it owns one IP interface on the trusted side and one IP interface on the untrusted side depending on the deployment model. In its first version the SIP firewall supports IPv4 networks only.
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6.2
6.2.1
SIP Firewall Features

SIP Parser Attack Prevention
Only the SIP header is analyzed by the SIP Firewall, the SDP is not analyzed:
" " "
only accepts SIP messages which are properly formatted only mandatory SIP headers are parsed provides a limit for SIP message sizes (header and total message size)
6.2.2
Protection Against SIP DoS and Dstributed DoS Attacks

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Rate limits per types of messages This is the first level of protection. When the untrusted SIP message is out of its rate, it is dropped by the SIP firewall.
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Transaction tracking The SIP firewall is aware of the transactions and can drop out of sequence messages as well as the duplicate messages.
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Dialog tracking Dialog tracking is provided for INVITE dialog only. It permits to track transaction inside a dialog. Transactions that are out of sequence are blocked, for example it may block blind CANCEL or BYE attacks.
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Initial Request Flooding attack detection The SIP firewall is able to detect a transaction flooding attack and to isolate SIP messages that correspond to the signature of the attacker.
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DDOS attack mitigation on initial INVITE When all the fields uses for flooding detection changes on each SIP message the SIP firewall is not able to detect the source of the attack by just analysing the SIP message. The detection is based on a threshold of bad response for a given signature by tracking the behavior of the transaction. When that threshold is reached, all the initial INVITEs matching that signature have their rate downgraded. That downgrading remains until the bad response counters drop below the normal threshold. That mechanism will impact legitimate traffic that match the same signature, but avoids setting up the source IP address in quarantine and by the way blocking an entire peer. Typically, in case of IP spoofing attack if the SIP firewall puts the source IP in quarantines the attack is successful, because the SIP firewall blocks the legitimate source.
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6.3
IP Filtering and Classifier

The SIP firewall performs a 5tuple classification on the untrusted side to accept or reject an IP frame:
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Protocol Source IP address Destination IP address Destination port IEEE 802.1Q tag
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6.4
IP/UDP/ICMP/TCP DoS Attacks Mitigation

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IPv4 Any packet with an invalid/malformed IP header is dropped. This includes the control of IP checksum, Time to live, IP version and IP header length. UDP, TCP and ICMP are supported only (SCTP is planned for the future).
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IP reassembly of fragmented packages The IP reassembly is provided for UDP and TCP protocols. The SIP firewall provides protection against most of the threats resulting from fragmentation, e.g. Overlapping, Buffer Full, and others.
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UDP The SIP firewall provides protection against UDP short header, flood prevention or packets with incorrect checksum.
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ICMP The SIP firewall supports the necessary ICMP types, like echo request/response. Others will be dropped.
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TCP The SIP firewall is protected against threats on TCP, which includes SYN flood, TCP RST attack, TCP sequence prediction attack or Sockstress attacks .
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6.5
Networking Features
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Remote SIP ports replication on trusted side The SIP firewall is configured with a routing table that permits to perform the mapping between the trusted SIP port and the SIP port of the remote IBCF on the untrusted side. This is 1:1 mapping.
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Single Point of Contact On the untrusted side the SFW can be configured to be the single point of contact for the remote peers while operating in a networking environment that provides separation among the peer networks.
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Transparent to forking When the local I-BCF decides to fork, the SIP firewall is transparent.
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L2/L3/L4 SIP-aware firewalling The SIP firewall provides L2/L3/L4 firewalling which is SIP aware on the untrusted side and thus does not require any external firewall. That solution provides better performances versus a solution with a separate L2/L3/L4 firewall. In case of overloading, the drop is performed at SIP level and not at L3 or L4 level. This avoids dropping legitimate SIP traffic.
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IPv4 address overlapping / VPN separation VPN separation and IP address overlapping is supported on the untrusted side by usage of IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging.
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Reliable Transport Beside UDP only TCP is supported in that release. TCP connections are terminated at SIP firewall level.
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6.6
Redundancy
The SIP firewall operates in 1+1 redundancy mode. It provides redundancy for the established calls but not for the transaction inside or outside a dialog. Also the Gigabit Ethernet links carrying the SIP streams (trusted and untrusted) are 1+1 redundant.
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6.7
SIP Firewall Capacity
Figure 16
SIP Firewall Capacity
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7 Functional Architecture and Software

This chapter provides information concerning the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW architecture and hardware. The following sections are presented: G G G G G G Introduction Media Gateway Functional Architecture Backplane Structure Clock Generator Alarms Software
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7.1
Introduction
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW was specifically designed to meet the requirements applying to a carrier-grade media gateway that can connect TDM circuit-switched networks to IP packet-switched networks. It employs a highly flexible dual switching architecture that permits large scale TDM and packet switching operations. TDM and packet switching operations occur in this gateway simultaneously. Some important considerations that were involved when developing the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW were:
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Scaleability, regarding the ease with which the system capacity can be increased to meet the demands of growing future traffic requirements Usage, i.e., network integrated and stand-alone installations Efficiency in terms of components that can be shared to reduce overall production costs Reliability.
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"
7.1.1
Scalable Capacity
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW possesses dedicated bandwidth to support native transport of high capacity packet voice traffic within the gateway. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports up to 30,240 simultaneous VoIP sessions in a single chassis, using the following interfaces per module: PSTN interfaces Three PSTN interface types:
D D D
4 optical OC-3/STM-1 interfaces per module (up to 8 active modules per Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW) 9 electrical DS3 interfaces per module (up to 8 active modules per Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW) 32 T1/E1 interfaces per module (up to 15 active modules per Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW)
Packet interfaces One optical Gigabit Ethernet IP interface (up to 8 active modules per Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW)
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DSP module Up to 6K VoIP ports and 6 active DSP modules per Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW (allows high capacity; also when compressed codecs are used)
7.1.2
Usage
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be deployed in standalone configurations in a distributed network topology, or in a rack configuration in centralized installations. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is designed to be a VoIP Trunking Gateway that can be further optimized to operate in future gateway applications.
7.1.3
Efficiency
Efficiency is guaranteed by using a DSP architecture and shared memory.
DSP Architecture
Flexible switching and a pooled DSP architecture are employed to allow application-specific optimization. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW architecture ensures maximum versatility and reliability by pooling DSP resources and assigning them dynamically. Note The dynamic allocation of DSPs is very efficient and flexible in case of TDM hairpinning, because DSPs can be inserted or removed in mid-call.
Forwarding resources and DSPs are physically available to each port on any TDM or packet interface. Distributed forwarding and resource pooling in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW serve to optimize the cost of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW the most expensive components, DSP resources and forwarding engines, are shared by all ports and interfaces.
Dynamic Using Dynamic Resource Management (DRM), the efficiency of Resource the DSP pools can be increased by the configuration of the Management codec profiles. The capacity of the DSP pool then depends on
the percentage allocated per codec type, and not on the capacity of the most resource consuming codec type. The memory used for classification, buffering, and to store routing tables is also shared by all modules, further reducing the total cost of the gateway.
Shared Memory
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7.1.4
Quality of Service QoS

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers advanced QoS service levels pertaining to packet voice traffic, from best effort to guaranteed delivery; the gateway implements DiffServ and IP TOS to differentiate QoS priorities that are maintained for all modules (see also section 2.9).
7.1.5
Redundancy, Reliability and Availability

As NGN technologies begin to offer an alternative to PSTN networks, softswitches and media gateways must guarantee the highest level of reliability and availability to meet the most stringent deployment requirements applicable to exchange environments. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW has been designed incorporating numerous redundancy and fault tolerance features to provide the highest level of gateway availability and reliability.
Redundancy The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports as many as 20 modules

having 1+1 or N+1 redundancy. It is designed to support continuous operations without any point of failure. Consistent configuration information and replicated call data are maintained in each standby module; this prevents losing active calls when an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW switches from an active to a standby module, e.g., to perform maintenance or upgrade actions. Each module contains complete software copies to ensure that the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW remains online while software upgrades are being performed or should a module fail. Communication between the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and a softswitch is also fully redundant (see also section 2.12).
Redundancy To combine software and hardware redundancy the Groups Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is configured as a set of redundancy
groups. Every 1+1 redundancy group contains a pair of physical modules, the related interfaces and software. An n+1 redundancy group consists of n+1 physical modules and the corresponding interfaces and software. These logical groups allow the access to other modules and resources using logical addresses, while hiding their physical presence.
Additional Additionally, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers full software Redundancy redundancy:
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System control functions
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Call processing Call signaling Routing Memory.
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7.2
Media Gateway Functional Architecture

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is a multi-purpose hardware/software platform. A short description of the functional architecture, as well as individual functional descriptions of the modules involved follow.
7.2.1
Functional Architecture
Each Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW simultaneously interfaces to a TDM network and an IP network. Logical interconnections of the functional modules inside of an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW are shown in Figure 17.
Fast Ethernet
Link to MGC System Control Module SIP Firewall G Eth
F Eth
F Eth
F Eth
F Eth
Media Conversion Module MultiDSP System TDM Circuit Interface Module TDM Circuit (TDM) TDM Switch Fabric Module Packet G Eth Packet Interface Module G Eth G Eth Packet Interface Module
CircuitOriented Functions
PacketOriented Functions
0198_loinhm_ed02
DSP F Eth G Eth TDM
: Digital Signal Processor : Fast Ethernet : Gigabit Ethernet : Time Division Multiplex
Figure 17
Logical Interconnections of the Functional Modules The functional architecture shown involves the following modules:
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"
System Control Module The system control software and the optional SIP firewall software are stored in the SCM.
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Switch Fabric Module The Switch Fabric Module contains the packet switches and circuit switches.
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Media Conversion Module The Media Conversion Module provides pooled DSP resources.
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Circuit Interface Module The Circuit Interface Module contains channelized OC-3/STM-1 and T1/E1 interfaces. It provides the time stage of TDM switching, which, e.g., is used together with the space stage switch on the SFM, to perform TDM hairpinning.
"
Packet Interface Module The Packet Interface Module contains the optical Gigabit Ethernet uplink ports, and provides the first stage of packet switching (tier 1 switching).
7.2.2
System Control Module

The System Control Module uses a Packet Switching Fabric (PSF) (the c-PSF) to provide dedicated 100 Mbit/s Ethernet links to manage and communicate with every other module in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. The System Control Module initializes, configures, resets, and performs run-time management of the system; it also gathers system statistics and performs diagnostic testing. The System Control Module also provides out-of-band management ports (Ethernet and RS-232) to connect to a crafts port, and an alarm manager that supervises external alarms. The SCM provides a forwarding server to forward traffic from a Media Conversion Module, and from the packet switch fabric, which is part of the Switch Fabric Module. It also includes the System Route Server (SRS) and System Management Server (SMS) functions. The SRS calculates routes and performs route distribution. The SMS provides overall system control (e.g., resetting and monitoring the status of different modules) and downloads copies of software (software images) that are to be stored in other hardware modules.
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The SCM also houses the SIP firewall on an AMC sub-card, including the dedicated GE connections for the SIP traffic. The functional architecture of the System Control Module is shown in Figure 18.
Central Processing Unit
Packet Switch Fabric Controller
To Media Conversion Module To Packet Interface Module To Craft
Controller SDRAM
Physical Block
To Fast Ethernet
NVRAM Chassis Management Modules PROM
To Alarms To Fans To Fuses To Status
Flash Memory 0200_fumoscm_ed02
Figure 18
Functional Architecture of the System Control Module
Table 8 lists the functions performed by the System Control Module. Table 8
Feature Functions
System Control Module Functions

Description System Management Megaco/H.248 application software Control of media switching OAM SIP signaling firewall application
Redundancy
1+1 redundant one active, the second a hot standby EPS and LPS for Fast Ethernet interface (signaling and OAM)
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7.2.3
Switch Fabric Module

To maximize performance, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW incorporates two types of switches on the Switch Fabric Module. Each switch, called a switch fabric, is optimized to process a specific type of traffic, i.e., TDM traffic (in the circuit switch) or packet traffic (in the packet switch, d-PSF). The Switch Fabric Module is a high capacity module that simultaneously processes TDM- and packet-switching. The functional architecture of the Switch Fabric Module is shown in Figure 19.
Packet Switch Fabric Central Processing Unit Controller SDRAM
Circuit Switch Fabric
Controller Manager Target
NVRAM
PROM
Flash
Memory
0209_sfm_ed01
Figure 19
Functional Architecture of the Switch Fabric Module
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW incorporates a fully redundant pair of non-blocking 16 Gbit/s packet switch fabrics and a fully redundant pair of non-blocking 10 Gbit/s circuit (TDM) switch fabrics on the Switch Fabric Module.
Circuit (TDM) Switch Fabric
Each one of the 32 circuit (TDM) switch fabric carries 9000 DS0 circuits, and performs all TDM distribution, switching, and grooming functions. The distributed TDM switching architecture of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports termination of DS0s. It also supports 100 % TDM hairpinning by providing a full DS0-level cross-connect
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inside of the gateway. This avoids any kind of TDM format conversions and associated transfer delays that occur when sending TDM traffic across a non-circuit (TDM) switch fabric.
Packet Switch The packet switch fabric (the d-PSF) on the SFM maintains the Fabric data plan and provides interconnections between the MCM and
PIM modules, allowing VoIP packets to be exchanged between them. The packet switch fabric provides a dedicated bandwidth of multiple Fast Ethernet/Gigabit segments to each module.
External Figure 20 shows the connections between the Switch Fabric Connections Module and other modules.
Media Conversion Module 1
1 2
Circuit (TDM)
1 Media Conversion Module Circuit Interface Module 2 Switch Fabric Module 1/2/3 Switch Fabric Module Standby 1 TDM 1.25 Gbit/s 2 Gigabit Ethernet 1 Gbit/s 3 Fast Ethernet 100 Mbit/s 0199_conramo_ed02 Packet Interface Module
Packet
TDM : Time Division Multiplex
Figure 20
External Switch Fabric Module Connections
The Switch Fabric Module uses dedicated 1.25 Gbit/s TDM-links to communicate with every Circuit Interface Module and the Media Conversion Module, as well as dedicated 1 Gbit/s Gigabit-Ethernet-links to communicate with every Packet Interface Module and the Media Conversion Module within the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW to process signaling information and transport voice-traffic.
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The Switch Fabric Module possesses out-of-band management ports (Ethernet and RS-232) to connect to a crafts port, and an alarm manager that supervises external alarms.
Summary of Table 9 lists the functions of the Switch Fabric Module. Functions
Table 9
Feature Functional
Switch Fabric Module Functions

Description Performs switching of Ethernet packets Performs forwarding of packets that originate from Media Conversion Modules
Scalability & Performance Redundancy Capacity
The packet switch fabric supports scalability through two generations of density evolution 1+1 redundant one active, the second is a hot standby Packet switch: 16 Gbit/s Circuit switch: 10 Gbit/s
7.2.4

Two types of CIMs are available: SDH CIM Contains 4 OC-3/STM-1 ports, supporting either a SONET or SDH network PDH CIM Contains 32 T1/E1 ports, supporting a PDH network All PSTN functions, including signaling, monitoring, timing, and alarm processing, are managed by processors on the CIM. The CIM also performs TDM switching, (e.g., to perform hairpinning), and distributes traffic to the Media Conversion Module. A SDHCIM module could be configured in n+1 or 1+1 redundancy group (EPS). The PDHCIM runs always in n+1 configuration. The EPS configuration protects the CIMs and the APS takes care of the link protection. The active CIM performs line interfacing, timing recovery, framing, and TDM switching and grooming. A fully equipped Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can carry more than 32,000 DS0s protected in this manner (4 active and one standby SDHCIM).
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In case of a pure TDM switching configuration, the AlcatelLucent 7510 MGW can carry up to 64,512 DS0s (i.e., 2 redundancy groups each with 4 active and one standby SDHCIM). Figure 21 shows the functional architecture of the Circuit Interface Module.
To Line
TDM Interface a. Multiplexor
To Switch Fabric Module
Central Processing Unit Controller SDRAM
PROM
Clock Recovery
To SSU or BITS Input
0211_famocim_ed02
BITS : Building Integrated Timing Source PROM : Programmable Read Only Memory : Time Division Multiplex TDM SSU : Synchronization Supply Unit
Figure 21
Functional Architecture of the Circuit Interface Module
Table 10 lists the functions of the Circuit Interface Module.
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Table 10
Feature Functional
Circuit Interface Module Functions

Description Provides a TDM receive and transmit interface, performing full DS0-level extraction. Provides up to two timing domains; each domain can be synchronized to any TDM interface. Provides up to two TDM switches, which are full DS0-level capable. Plugable SFP module with multiple laser modes.
Scalability & Performance
The TDM switch supports distribution to all Media Conversion Modules. The TDM switch supports DS0 switching locally on the Circuit Interface Module.
Redundancy
SDH supports 1+1 or n+1 EPS and 1+1 APS redundancy for an SDH or SONET configuration. PDH supports n+1 EPS redundancy for a T1/E1 configuration.
7.2.5

The Packet Interface Module possesses a high-speed IP interface in the form of an optical Gigabit Ethernet interface. The Packet Interface Module accepts and forwards packets to and from the core packet network. The Packet Interface Module provides the backbone packet network interface using an optical multimode Gigabit Ethernet interface. In addition, the Packet Interface Module functions include:
" " " " " "
Line termination Framing Packet buffering on input Fairness policing on input Forwarding Buffering on output Rate shaping on output.
The EPS configuration protects the PIMs and the APS takes care of the link protection. Figure 22 shows the functional architecture of the Packet Interface Module.
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Memory Central Processing Unit Line Block Memory Controller To Packet Network
SDRAM
Backplane To Switch Fabric Module Block
PROM
Central Processing Unit
0201_fumopim_ed02
Figure 22
Functional Architecture of the Packet Interface Module
Table 11 lists the features of the Packet Interface Module Table 11

Feature Functional
Packet Interface Module Features

Description Provides the backbone line receive interface Supports buffering and shaping Supports packet-level marking using appropriate levels of QoS Provides routed packets to the packet switch Plugable SFP module for 1000 Base SX/LX
Scalability & Performance
A PIM card provides a full duplex Gigabit Ethernet interface. A PIM can handle up to 8 k ephemeral terminations (designed to cover maximum 8064 RTP streams using G.711 codecs without VAD and 5 % RTCP)
Redundancy
n*(1+1) or n+1
7.2.6
Media Conversion Module VBMCMxE

The enhanced MCM board (VBMCMxE) provides the latest DSP technology. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be pre-configured to support up to 6 Media Conversion Modules. The two variants of the new MCM board are:
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Large MCM (VBMCM7E) Conversion of up to 6,048 DS0 voice channels (using G.711) to packet format, and vice versa. Small MCM (VBMCM3E) Conversion of up to 3,024 DS0 voice channels (using G.711) to packet format, and vice versa. A Media Conversion Module consists of a pool of DSP resources, several high-speed microprocessors, memory, and buses to support a large number of voice over IP connections. The DSPs, part of the Media Conversion Module, perform voice processing statistics collection, traffic policing, and signal recognition to discriminate between voice and data signals, e.g., fax, modem, or DTMF signals. The DTMF signals are transmitted in-band in the packet network using the G.711 Codec or according to RFC2833 and RFC4733. On detection of FAX or modem tones, the DSP automatically switches over to FAX-modem bypass (G.711) or T.38, depending on the configuration used. Table 12 lists the features of the VBMCMxE.
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Table 12
Feature Functional
VBMCMxE Features
Description Provides a pool of DSPs that process voice, fax or data Codec G.711 App. I & II (packet size: 10...30 ms) Codec G.729AB (packet size: 10...60 ms) Codec G.723.1 (packet size: 30 & 60 ms) Codec G.726.1 (packet size: 10, 20 & 30 ms) Codec AMR2 (packet size: 20 ms) Codec GSM-FR (packet size: 20 ms) Codec GSM-EFR (packet size: 20 ms) RTCP T.38 RFC2833/RFC4733 VBD and V.152 Tones Echo Cancellation (tail length up to 128 ms) Adaptive Jitter Buffer (maximum value is 135 ms)
Scalability & Performance Redundancy
Supports scalability of up to 6,048 G.711 channels per module (VBMCM7E) and, up to 3,024 channels per module (VBMCM3E). Pooled architecture scheme in 1+1 or n+1 redundant configurations
Table 13 presents an overview of the VBMCMxE capacities and redundancy. Table 13

Module VBMCM7E with G.711 codecs
Capacity and Redundancy of the VBMCMxE

Capacity 1 to 6,048 DS0s ... to ... Up to 36,288 DS0s Active/ Standby 1+1 ...+... 6+1 1+1 ...+... 6+1
VBMCM3E with G.711 codecs
1 to 3,024 DS0s ... to ... Up to 18,144 DS0s
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Module VBMCM7E with G.729/G.726 codecs and T.38
Capacity 1 to 3,456 DS0s ... to ... Up to 20,736 DS0s
Active/ Standby 1+1 ...+... 6+1 1+1 ...+... 6+1 1+1 ...+... 6+1 1+1 ...+... 6+1
VBMCM3E with G.729/G.726 codecs and T.38
1 to 1,728 DS0s ... to ... Up to 10,368 DS0s
VBMCM7E with G.723/AMR/GSM-FR/GSM-EFR codecs VBMCM3E with G.723/AMR/GSM-FR/GSM-EFR codecs
1 to 2,592 DS0s ... to ... Up to 15,552 DS0s 1 to 1,296 DS0s ... to ... Up to 7,776 DS0s
7.2.7
Capacity, Scaleability and Redundancy

Capacity, scalability and redundancy are the most important characteristics applicable to carrier-class media gateways. Service providers desiring to expand their networks in a converging market must be able to add subscribers quickly, easily and as cost-effectively as possible. A single Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides an entry-level configuration capable of managing a packet switching capacity of 16 Gbit/s , and a circuit switching capacity of 10 Gbit/s. The VoIP call capacity in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is determined by the number and the redundancy configuration of the Media Conversion Modules. Using DRM, the efficiency of the DSP pools can be increased by the configuration of the codec profiles. The capacity of the DSP pool then depends on the percentage allocated per codec type, and not on the capacity of the most resource consuming codec type. Note Note The MCM is not required in a TDM hairpinning configuration without media processing. Up to 3*(N+1) redundancy groups for PIM/CIM(SDH) modules are supported within one Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis, but only 2 groups of each type.
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Table 14 presents an overview of the gateway capacities per module, and redundancy. Table 14
Module SCM2 SCM MCM with G.711 codecs
Overview of Capacity and Redundancy per Module

Capacity 270 CoAPS 135 CoAPS 1 to 6,048 DS0s ... to ... 30,241 to 36,288 DS0s Active/ Standby 1+1 1+1 1+1 ...+... 6+1 1+1 ...+... 4*(1+1) or 4+1 ... 1+1 ...+... 4*(1+1) or 4+1 ... 1+1 ...+... 15+1 1+1 ...+... 15+1 1+1 4*(1+1) or 4+1 ... 1+1
Compressed codecs CIM (SDH ANSI config.)
See Table 13 1 to 8,064 DS0s ... to ... 24,193 to 32,256
CIM (SDH ETSI config.)
1 to 7,812 DS0s ... to ... 23,437 to 31,248
CIM (PDH ANSI config.)
1 to 768 DS0s ... to ... 10,753 to 11,520
CIM (PDH ETSI config.)
1 to 992 DS0s ... to ... 13,889 to 14,880
PIM
1 to 8,000 RTP terminations 8,001 to 32,000 RTP terminations
SFM
All configurations
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7.2.8
Summary of Module Functions

Table 15 summarizes the VoIP functions managed by each of the application-specific Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW modules.
Table 15
VoIP Functions Processed by the Modules

System Control Module X X X X (control) X X X (optional) X X X (optional) Switch Fabric Module Packet Interface Module Circuit Interface Module Media Conversio n Module
VoIP Functionality
Overall System Initialization and Management Call and Connection Management Packet Forwarding and IP Routing Packet Switching
TDM Switching
PSTN Interface Packet Interface Media Processing Clock Recovery and Distribution Silence Detection/Suppression, Comfort Noise Generation, and Echo-Cancellation Operations Interface X X X
X X X
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7.3
Backplane Structure
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW backplane structure includes a TDM Bus, two Data Buses, one Redundant Bus, and a Clock Distribution Bus.
7.3.1
TDM Bus
The TDM bus on the Switch Fabric Module provides TDM links which carry DS0 bit streams from TDM input ports to digital modems. TDM links carry traffic between the PSTN interface and the voice processing modules. Each TDM stream has an input line and an output line. The voice processing modules take data from input streams and deliver it to output streams. The PSTN interface modules place received data into input streams, and send data received from output streams back into the line.
7.3.2
Data Bus
The data bus on the Switch Fabric Module provides Gigabit Ethernet links and Fast Ethernet links to transfer traffic between hardware modules. These data links carry internal protocol and control messages, using advanced multicast circuitry. The data links interconnect all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW modules; they operate on a load-sharing basis, and act as a redundant pair for backup purposes.
7.3.3
Redundant Bus
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW uses a dedicated Redundant Bus concept to detect failures in the system; redundant buses operate in a load-sharing mode, and act as a redundant pair for backup purposes.
7.3.4
Clock Distribution Bus

This section explains the narrowband clock distribution and the broadband clock generator.
Narrowband Clock signals are distributed using two distribution branches in a Clock ramifying tree structure, employing the Circuit Interface Module Distribution
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in two hierarchical levels serving as many as 20 boards. Each board can select one of the two distribution branches.
Broadband Clock The broadband clock generator is an internal 19.44 MHz Crystal Generator Oscillator that is synchronized to an 8 kHz clock signal taken
from one of the two distribution branches.
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7.4
Clock Generator
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be deployed in service provider networks that use a clock distribution system that was established according to the hierarchical source-receiver method. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW includes a redundant clock generation and distribution subsystem that are located on the Circuit Interface Module. Each clock module can use one of three modes to generate a reference clock signal: External clock timing mode Uses an external SSU or BITS source clock signal TDM Line timing mode Uses a TDM (from CIM) interface, 8 kHz line timing signal. Internal timing mode Uses a local crystal oscillator that is Stratum 3 Clock compatible. A variant with Stratum 2 clock is also available. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW internally distributes two clock signals, a primary and a secondary, to all modules. The secondary clock signal provides a backup if the primary fails. Each of the two clock signals is generated by two independent clock, recovery, synthesis, and distribution systems (each a single chip) on the SCM modules. For synchronisation of further network elements at the same location the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides an external clock-output connector. Clock features supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW:
"
Two internal clock distribution systems, one primary and one secondary. SSU (2.048 MHz) port T1-BITS (1.544 Mbit/s) or E1-BITS (2.048 Mbit/s) port Alternative clock source can be derived from a TDM link (line timing). User-selected clock source with configurable priority settings. To ensure clock quality, Synchronisation Status Messages (SSMs) are monitored and evaluated. Revertible clock source selection (the primary clock source is re-selected after an outage).
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"
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"
Internal Stratum 3 Clock to be used if all external timing input fails. Clock recovery and clock generation from configurable interfaces.
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7.5
Software
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains a distributed software system. The following description of the software architecture involves each node in the system, as well as the model used to realize communication between these nodes. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW uses a layered, modular software architecture (see Figure 23). This architecture is based on an open, programmable call control model that performs call processing independent of other functions, like resource management, routing, or forwarding. The software consists of the following modules:
" " "
Kernel Software Network Layer Software Application Layer Software.
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Application Layer SIGTRAN SCTP Megaco MGCP OSPF RIP TFTP SNMP Mast Agent OnLine Diagnostics
SNMP Sub Agent Telnet
UI Subsystem
TCP
UDP
IP Management Interface
Network Layer
Kernel
Redundancy Manager
MultiCast Manager
Resource Manager
Config Manager
Routing Table Kernel Software
TDM
FTAM
Voice Port
IP ARP Function, Stack, Cache, Filter Table MARP High Speed Function IP Forwarder
File System Protocol Demux
Generic Forwarding Interface
TTY Driver
Flash File Driver
Hardware Layer HdS
FTAM IP MGCP OSPF RIP SCTP 0169_rtimearch_ed01
: Fault Tolerant ApplicationManagement : Internet Protocol : Media Gateway Control Protocol : Open Shortest Path First : Routing Information Protocol : Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SNMP TCP TFTP UDP UI
: Simple Network Management Protocol : Transmission Control Protocol : Trivial File Transfer Protocol : User Datagram Protocol : User Interface
Figure 23
Runtime Architecture
7.5.1
Kernel Software
The Kernel software contains limited but efficient scheduling and communication services. All software modules, with few
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exceptions, use the tasking model provided by the kernel software. The packet processing modules (e.g., the Generic Forwarding Interface (GFI) and the high speed forwarder) do not use the kernel tasking model; this minimizes performance overhead when forwarding packets.
7.5.2
Network Layer Software

The network layer software consists of the following modules:
" " " " " " " " " " "
Redundancy Manager Multicast Manager Resource Manager Configuration Manager Routing Server/Packet Forwarding TDM Manager Software FTAM Voice Port Software Routing Tables Protocol Demux GFI Software.
Redundancy The Redundancy Manager manages switchover operations and Manager other system reactions to failures. It also provides services to
other modules in the system, allowing them to synchronize and register the current configuration of the system, should a failure occur. Additionally, this module maintains the current configuration of the system regarding the active and standby modes of all software modules, as well as other parameters that effect the entire system.
Multicast The Multicast Manager software lists ports that can be used to Manager multicast packets internally. Applications running in the System
Control Module can dynamically create or delete multicast lists. Once a multicast list has been created, it can be accessed globally by all applications running in all modules.
Resource The Resource Manager software allocates and releases DSP Manager resources that can be assigned to voice channels. The Resource
Manager software stored in each DSP module tracks the status
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and availability of all DSPs. When a dedicated line is configured, or when a switched call is received, a request is broadcast to each DSP module. The Resource Manager software in each DSP module receives the request and determines which resources are required to set up a TDM circuit, beginning at the input port to the pooled DSPs.
Configuration The Configuration Manager software is responsible for: Manager " managing all configuration requests received from the
software using it.
" "
managing the configuration database. distributing configuration information to various access modules.
The Configuration Manager software provides a service to all other modules, distributing configuration information across all boards, but it does not register configuration parameters. It also stores and retrieves configuration information received from the Configuration database, which is stored in the System Control Module flash memory. These modules run as a task on each board.
Routing The Routing Server/Packet Forwarding software forwards IP Server/Packet packets according to information stored in the module cache Forwarding memory, forwarding tables, and a central forwarding table. TDM Manager
The TDM Manager software sets up and releases TDM connections (DS0 paths). This software consists of several sub-modules. The major sub-modules are the:
" " "
TDM Call Control Manager TDM Driver TDM Server.
FTAM The FTAM software monitors the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW

software components to ensure non-stop operation. The FTAM uses microprocessor-based module managers (located in each module) to control system start-up, sense hardware status, and measure internal temperatures. It provides services to application tasks that require fault tolerance observation. It also communicates with FTAM tasks running in all other access modules, ensuring that application tasks operate correctly, and provides switch-over capabilities if an application fails.
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Voice Port
The Voice Port software supervises the establishment of voice channels; this primarily consists of configuring and managing DSP resources that were previously allocated by the resource manager. The Voice Port software consists of the Voice Port Client / Server.
Routing Tables Routing Tables are stored in the Configuration Database

Manager (CDBM) software, which collects, distributes, and stores configuration information applying to the entire gateway.
Protocol Demux
The Protocol Demux software provides a demultiplex function to route packets from the Layer 2 interface to higher layer protocols. This module is responsible for all packets received or sent as Media. In co-ordination with the Port Interface (PIF) software, this module de-encapsulates IP packets before sending them to the IP forwarder software, thereby supporting the Ethernet.
GFI The GFI software provides a uniform interface to the forwarding

functions; this interface hides the details of transmitting and receiving packets over interfaces of different types. It also defines an interface that the driver software uses to deliver packets they received, and to transmit packets from the gateway.
7.5.3
Application Layer Software

The application layer software consists of the following modules:
" " " " " " " " " "
Telnet TCP User Datagram Protocol (UDP) SIGTRAN/SCTP Megaco TFTP FTP Server SNMPv3 UI Module IP Management Interface.
Telnet Support of Telnet applies only to incoming Telnet requests as

described in the initial Telnet release. Users can use Telnet to
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reach an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW; this applies to any interface that is configured for IP. Outgoing Telnet functions are only used internally in the system to implement the remote console feature; this feature allows a user working at the System Control Module console to connect to the console of any other access module.
TCP UDP
The TCP software implements RFC 793 and RFC 1122. The TCP ports transport Telnet. The UDP software implements RFC 768. The UDP ports transport RTP, Megaco/H.248 and SNMP.
SIGTRAN/SCTP The SIGTRAN/SCTP represents the architecture used to

transport real-time signaling data over IP networks. The SIGTRAN protocol uses the SCTP as a transport layer, instead of using TCP and a set of user adaptation layers. The SIGTRAN/SCTP supports communication between an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and a softswitch.
Megaco/H.248 The Megaco protocol represent the application in an

Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW that services requests from an MGC and returns responses to that MGC. Communication between the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and an MGC follows the industry-standardized Megaco protocol. When the Megaco protocol is used, the software is a combination of the Megaco stack and the adaptation layers around it that are used to integrate Megaco functionally into an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
TFTP The TFTP complies with the standard RFC 1350. The TFTP on
the System Control Module consists of two components: the client and the server tasks. The client task is used to initiate file transfers from an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, using user commands. The server task responds to TFTP requests received from the network.
FTP Server
The FTP server application allows FTP clients to get and put files using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). An FTP client accessing the FTP server requires an FTP account and password. Only one file directory-level is supported and only one FTP user can be active at a time.
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SNMPv.3
The SNMPv.3 agent implements the standard RFC 1157. SNMP requests received on any interface in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW are directed to the master agent task, a process that runs in the System Control Module. The master agent in the System Control Module responds to these requests by making calls to access functions in its sub-agent. The sub-agent implements all standard Management Information Bases (MIBs) that are relevant, as well as enterprise MIBs that contain Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW specific MIB extensions (see Appendix B.4). The master agent either communicates with MIB objects stored in the System Control Module, or it sends messages to sub-agent processes in access modules to communicate with MIB objects that are stored in other modules.
UI Module
The UI Module implements the CLI specified to configure and monitor an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. This software controls as many as four simultaneous sessions. The UI is a table driver software; it allows additions and changes to be easily accomplished.
IP Management The IP Management Interface makes all forwarding decisions Interface applying to IP packets. This software maintains a cache memory
containing currently active destinations, as well as information required to forward a packet to a required destination; it also performs quick lookup and forwarding tasks to accelerate packet transmission.
7.5.4
Voice Processing
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides maximum density, using a modular, pooled DSP resource design. The DSPs use G.711, G.729A/B and G.723.1 Codecs that are available to any interface to perform voice compression, packetization, silence suppression, echo cancellation, and adaptive Jitter Buffer packet voice-processing services.
7.5.5
Software Redundancy
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW offers full software redundancy for:
"
System control functions
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" " " " "
Call processing Call signaling Routing Memory Voice path.
These functions are designed to provide high service availability, continuous administration and hitless voice connections with:
" "
Failing Hardware (HW) or module (provided by EPS) Failing interface connections; provided by Automatic Protection Switch (APS) Administrative operations like software upgrades or configuration updates. MGC fail-over Application Server (AS) fail-over (SIGTRAN)
"
" "
Table 16 summarizes the redundant software components in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. Table 16 Software Redundancy
Redundancy
System Software
Dual copies All software modules within the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 (images) of each MGW are copied, i.e., have a dual software image, software component allowing software upgrades to occur without losing active calls. Redundant components include the following: System and management software Signaling and gateway control software
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8 System Management and OAM

This chapter describes the comprehensive set of system management and OAM tools and features. The following sections are presented: G G G G G G G G G G Overview Chassis Management Configuration Management Fault Management Diagnostic Test BERT System Logging and Debugging Performance Management Security Management OAM Interfaces Software Upgrade Management
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8.1
Overview
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains a comprehensive set of system management and OAM tools and features, namely: Chassis Management The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains a high-level chassis management system that operates from the active System Control Module. Configuration Management The configuration database, which is stored in files in the Flash Memory of the System Control Module, maintains all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW configuration information. Fault Management Fault management concerns detection, isolation, and correction of abnormal operations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. Diagnostic Test BERT The BERT generates and evaluates bit patterns to verify the proper functioning of all equipped modules. System Logging and Debugging In addition to monitoring extensive statistical data, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports a complete set of diagnostic features. Performance Management The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW assesses its ability to carry out all activities by continuously collecting and analyzing statistical data related to key functions. Security Management The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains transport layer and user account security mechanisms. OAM Interfaces The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be managed using the text-based CLI or the GUI-based Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGEM. Software Upgrade Management The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW incorporates a hitless software upgrading process.
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8.2
Chassis Management
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW contains a high-level chassis management system that operates from the active System Control Module. When power is applied to an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, both the active System Control Module and the standby System Control Module are powered up simultaneously. The System Control Module in slot 10 becomes the active module and the System Control Module in slot 11 becomes the standby module. Information concerning static IP configurations, routing protocol configurations, static routes, and Address Resolution Protocol entries are stored in a configuration file in the System Control Module. The active System Control Module is able to reset, reboot, or power down any module. When changes or software updates occur, the System Control Module informs all other modules and registered application programs about the change in state of an active module. The System Control Module also detects fan or power supply fault indications, and generates appropriate alarms. When power is applied to an application-specific module in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, it sends a request to be identified to the active System Control Module, which responds by sending a copy of application software (image) back to the requesting module. The application-specific module connects to the packet switch fabric (c-PSF) of the active System Control Module, loads the runtime application software, initializes the runtime application, and changes to a runtime state. After reaching the runtime state, each module reports its hardware configuration to the System Control Modules using the packet switch fabric. Information sent from each module to the active System Control Module is duplicated in the standby System Control Module. If a fault condition should occur, a module can be hard or soft reset. Each module failure is processed in a manner that minimizes its impact on active calls and overall system performance.
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8.3
Configuration Management
The configuration database, which is stored in files in the Flash Memory of the System Control Module, maintains all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW configuration information. The configuration database is maintained by a software process called CDBM, that is stored and runs in the System Control Modules. The CDBM is responsible for collecting, storing, and distributing configuration information inside of an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW; the CDBM is also able to save and restore the configuration of the entire Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, or any individual module in the gateway. During power-up, the CDBM stored in the active System Control Module restores the entire Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW configuration; it sends global configuration and module-specific configuration information to each module, as the modules become operational. The CDBM stored in the active System Control Module supports read and write access to the configuration file stored in Flash memory; it also ensures that the CDBM stored in the standby System Control Module synchronizes with the latest configuration at all times. If the active System Control Module fails, the standby System Control Module immediately takes over.
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8.4
Fault Management
Fault management concerns detection, isolation, and correction of abnormal operations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. In addition to reporting functions, fault management performs fault correction, as well as alarm surveillance, during which continuous monitoring occurs to detect failures. Fault localization is performed when the root cause of a failure has been isolated. Testing procedures are also used to validate reports or verify repair actions after they have been completed.
8.4.1
Fault Management Application Manager

The FTAM software performs fault detection, fault notification, fault isolation, and service restoration in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. The FTAM is a collection of hardware and software components that are distributed throughout the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, comprising microprocessor-controlled module managers on each application-specific module. These module managers control system start-up, sense hardware status, and measure internal temperatures. The FTAM software performs fault detection and management pertaining to the following situations:
" " " " "
Module management, tracking module state Non-revertive, hitless switchover to backup module, if required Power failure Fan failure Module above temperature.
Each Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW software component registers with the FTAM to identify events to be monitored. When a fault is detected, the FTAM notifies all applications that have registered for that type of event. The FTAM and application programs then initiate corrective actions. The FTAM software in the active System Control Module generates alarms to the network management system when faults occur.
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8.4.2
Monitoring and Alarms

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW issues alarms when detecting faults, or when thresholds have been exceeded; it also clears alarms when fault conditions cease to exist. Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW alarms can be caused by physical conditions (e.g., alarm of a physical link) or by environmental conditions (e.g., high temperature alarm). Alarm forwarding is done using SNMP traps (generated based on fault localization principles). In parallel, the Megaco protocol is used to report erroneous resources. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW alarm priorities are minor, major, or critical. Depending on the alarm type, the alarms can be presented in a textual, audible or visual way. The alarm system supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW includes:
" " " " " " "
Visual alarms, displayed on Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Alarms reported using an internal audible alarm speaker Alarms reported using a remote audible alarm speaker A mechanical ACO switch All SONET/SDH interface alarms Power feed failure alarms SNMP trap to send Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW related alarms to the remote alarm manager [Convergent network Management Center (CMC), Alarm View]. Alarms indicating a loss of synchronization at the broadband or narrowband interface Service change messages reported to a softswitch using the Megaco protocol.
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8.4.3
Alarm Classifications
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following alarm severity classification (in accordance with X.733):
" " " " "
Critical Major Minor Warning Information
The severity of alarms is configurable to adapt to customer classification. Additionally, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following alarm types (in accordance with X.733):
" " " " "
Communication Quality of Service Processing Error Equipment Environmental
The visualization and management of alarms is performed by the Element Management System (for details, see Section 8.9.2).
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8.5
Diagnostic Test BERT

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides internal Bit Error Rate Test (BERT) capabilities. The BERT generates and evaluates bit patterns to verify the proper functioning of all equipped modules. All the components of the data path are covered by the test. To identify potential defects, the BERT can be focused on specific functions or modules.
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8.6
System Logging and Debugging

For logging purposes, event, message and UI-interface logging can be enabled per UI for Megaco or SIGTRAN.
SYSLOG To record user interface activities at the command line interface

(CLI) events are reported to a pre-configured syslog server. The syslog format is complaint to IETF RFC 3164 and includes:
" " "
The user responsible for the event The system hostname The date and time of the event Enabling and disabling of the auditing process Any changes to the type of events logged by the audit trail Start-up parameters and any changes to them System or application start-up and shut-down Login attempts (e.g., wrong userid or password) and login patterns Rejected access attempts because of insufficient authority All usage by privileged users (e.g., users with powerful access to system utilities or applications) Use of selected transactions Use of sensitive resources (e.g., access to highly sensitive data) Changes to user privileges ACL violations.
Following events are reported:

" " " " "
" "
" "
" "
Furthermore all alarms (per default reported by SNMP to the alarm manager) can be forwarded to the syslog-server.
Megaco Debug The logging provides following details using Megaco: Logging " physical trunk number
" " "
termination id events incoming/outgoing message ID for Megaco
SIGTRAN Debug The logging provides following details using SIGTRAN: Logging " Dchannel number
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" "
interfaceID incoming/outgoing message ID for SIGTRAN
User Interface User Interface (UI) logging has two variants Logging " Command Line Interface (CLI) logging
" "
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) logging A circular (FIFO) buffer is used. The maximum buffer size can be allocated according to the size of the flash disk (up to 1 GB).
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8.7
Performance Management
The performance of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is monitored using a comprehensive set of performance-statistic counters (for details of the list of performance counters, see Section 8.7.1). A historical view of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW performance is provided by monitoring the performance counters over a period of time. Events are allocated to buckets where each bucket represents an interval of time. For each performance value 96 buckets are provided. These 96 buckets represent a 24 hour period with 15 minute default intervals. After post processing, this data can be used, e.g., at network management level. Separate tables are kept for the current interval, the history intervals, and the total aggregates (RFC3593). This data can be displayed at the MGEM (GUI) or can be obtained via SNMP (MIB).
8.7.1
Performance Counters
The following performance counters are available in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW: System Performance Counters:
" " "
CPU load (Media Gateway and Signaling Gateway) Memory usage (Media Gateway and Signaling Gateway) Internal Resource Counters (busy/idle/out of service/disabled)
D D D
DSP Capacity utilization PIM utilization (Packet-interface)) TDM link utilization
" " "
Service utilization (type of Codec used) IP-Interface statistics (packet sent/received) Signaling Interface (H.248 and Sigtran command statistic) EB (Errored blocks) BBE/CV (Background Block Error/Coding Violation) ES (Errored Second) ESB/BES (Errored Second Typ B, only T1) SES (Severely Errored Second)
TDM Performance Counters according to G.826/828

" " " " "
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" " " "
UAS (Unavailable Second) FC (Failure Count) SEFS (Severely Errored Framed Second) PSC (Protection Switching Count)
8.7.2
Threshold Crossing Alarms

To indicate critical conditions at the Network Management level, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW generates alarms (SNMP traps) if a configurable threshold for a performance counter is exceeded or has fallen below.
8.7.3
Call-Related Performance Counters H.248.xnq

Performance monitoring data, on a per-call basis, can be retrieved from the H.248 interface for further processing and as an extension of the Call Detail Record (CDR). The usage metrics: packets sent/received, Jitter and Packet-Loss are provided by the H.248 network and RTP packages. For enhanced quality metrics, the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides H.248.xnq (IP-Delay-Variation, Round-Trip-Delay, Jitter buffer adaptions) based on the RTCPXR (RFC3611) Block-type 8. Furthermore, with H.248.xnq one system can provide the metrics for itself and the corresponding peer.
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8.8
Security Management
The following security mechanisms are implemented in the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW:
" "
Transport Layer Security User Account Security
8.8.1
Transport Layer Security

The following transport-layer security mechanisms are available:
Access Control List ACL
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW provides (per IP-filtering) a powerful feature limiting access to OAM functions per remote IP-address-range.
Encrypted Encrypted user access is available via a built-in IPsec function Access for the CLI interface and SNMPv3 for the MGEM.
Alternatively SSH can be used for the CLI interface. SSH uses data encryption and Message Authentication Codes (MACs) to provide confidentiality of data. It uses public-key cryptography for authentication.
8.8.2
User Account Security

The main user account security features are:
" " "
Password Security User Account Locking Command Privileges
Password Password management features include: Security " Forced change of default passwords
"
Strong password syntax (using special characters)
User Account User account locking features are: Locking " User account locking after a configurable amount of faulty
log-ins (including logging of all faulty log-ins)
"
User account locking after expiry of a configurable password age An admin user can set an immediate user account lock.
"
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User Account The following user account privileges are available: Privileges view
Default privilege code File handling privilege update Boot, save & upgrade privilege system Configure & change settings privilege password User account management privilege
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8.9
OAM Interfaces
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can be managed using the text-based CLI or the GUI-based Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGEM. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW host software contains an embedded SNMP agent and supports a complete list of standards-compliant MIBs (including an Alcatel-Lucent MIB, see Appendix B.4). SNMPv3 or SNMPv1 compliance is configurable using the SNMP agent. The SNMP protocol is used for communication between the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW host software and the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGEM. With SNMP, a standardized interface for a third party SNMP browser is offered to report the status of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. The Network Management Layer (NML) integration can be made using, either the GUI-based Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MG Element Management System or native access to the SNMP objects (see also Figure 24).
NML
1300 CMC Smart Desktop Based Integration
1300 CMC Unix
3rd Party SNMP Browser
7510 MGW EMS (GUI-based)
SNMP Traps
SNMP objects access
SNMP Traps
EML
7510 MGAM
7510 MGEM
Telnet Session
SNMP Traps
SNMP objects access
CLI Syslogs Interface
NE
7510 Media Gateway SNMP v1/v3 Engine
Telnet IP/RS232
Figure 24
Element Management Architecture and Interfaces
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8.9.1
Command Line Interface

The user-friendly CLI supports access to all the configuration options and the diagnostic, performance, fault and security functions. Intuitive handling is supported by offering available options at all command/parameter levels, including help texts for each command. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW CLI can be accessed using IP Telnet sessions or a local console (connecting a craft terminal to the asynchronous RS-232 port of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW). Additionally, out-of-band connections can be established using either modems or terminal servers to realize remote serial connections. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports a maximum of eight simultaneous logins to the CLI (using a craft terminal or Telnet) . The CLI offers password protection when accessing the network manager level or, when performing system administration actions.
8.9.2
GUI-Based Interface
The GUI-based Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGEM software provides element management for the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW EMS. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW EMS communicates with the SNMP agent to realize comprehensive, remote element management of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW EMS features Java-based software that runs on Microsoft NT and Sun Solaris UNIX platforms. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW EMS supplies the flexible service capabilities that large and growing network service providers require, while reducing network management complexity; it offers an easy-to-use GUI and a comprehensive suite of element management applications to facilitate:
" " " " "
Real-time utilization and traffic monitoring Performance monitoring Alarm surveillance and reporting System and Interface configuration Services.
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW EMS includes the following applications:

" "
Media Gateway Element Manager (MGEM) Media Gateway Alarm Manager (MGAM)
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MGEM
The main application window of the MGEM is the Gateway View (see Figure 25). The Gateway View is the starting point for all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGEM applications and utilities. The main window displays the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW being managed, complete with real-time updates of hardware modules, connectors, and status LEDs. The menu bar and tool bar provide access to all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGEM applications. MGEM features include the following:
" "
Display system and Interface status information Display system and Interface statistics:
D D D D
H.248 commands and errors IP and Ethernet statistics SNMP statistics SIGTRAN statistics
" "
Hardware and software version upgrade management Configuration options for each interface, SNMP and system parameters Monitoring and logging of the following information on a per gateway basis (for an example, see Figure 26):
D
"
Resource use:
h h h
Number of busy/idle/down/disabled DSP, UDP and TDM ports Media Gateway: CPU load and memory usage Signaling Gateway: CPU load and memory usage
D D
"
Chassis management data Power supply data Administrator (full access) Operator (read and write access) Viewer (read access only)
User account management with three levels of authority:

D D D
"
On-line help
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Figure 25
MGEM: Example of Main Window
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Figure 26
MGEM: Example of E1 Links Display
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MGAM
The MGAM displays and acknowledges SNMP alarms generated by the SNMP agent in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and sent by SNMP traps. MGAM features include:
" " " " " "
Manual alarm management Alarm filtering Optional alarm resource hierarchy Storage option of Alarm View profiles Storage option of Alarm Log-files On-line help Main Active-Alarm Window, containing operator-defined filtered/non-filtered active alarm views. The following filter options are available:
D D D D D D
There are multiple alarm views, including:

"
Date and time range Source Alarm severity Event type Probable cause Trap ID
"
Alarm Archive View, containing the cleared and acknowledged alarms
Main The Main Active Alarm Window shows the active alarms (see Active-Alarm Figure 27). Active alarms are received only for configured hosts. Window Active alarms are sorted in the order given by the time-stamp of
the alarm. Alarms are shown in the active alarms table until they are acknowledged and cleared or until they are purged.
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Figure 27
Alarm Manager: Example of a Main Active Alarm Window
Alarm Archive The acknowledged and cleared or purged alarms can be viewed View in the Alarm Archive View window (see Figure 28). The alarm
history is a static table that can be updated by a manual refresh. The alarms are displayed in the sequence they were received.
Figure 28
Alarm Manager: Example of an Alarm Archive View
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System Requirements
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGEM runs on PC and UNIX platforms. System hardware and operating system requirements are listed in Table 17 and Table 18. Table 17
PC Hardware 200 MHz Pentium II processor 64 MB RAM, 20 MB hard disk space Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA) monitor with 256 colors minimum with screen resolution set to at least 800 x 600 Network card or modem card Network card or modem card
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGEM Hardware Requirements

UNIX Hardware SUN Sparc 10 or higher model 128 MB RAM, 20 MB hard disk space
Table 18
PC Software
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGEM Software Requirements

UNIX Software Sun Solaris 2.5.1 or later
Microsoft NT Workstation or Server 4.0 with Service Pack 5 or later Installed TCP/IP client software
8.9.3
RADIUS User Account Management

To realize centralised administration of user accounts the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) protocol, to perform authorisation/authentication/accounting by support of a remote server (RFC2865, RFC2866). For authorization six privileges can be signaled by use of the vendor specific attribute within RADIUS protocol. In case no RADIUS server is availabel the system provides emergency user accounts stored in the 7510 MGWs local user database. The RADIUS protocol, used between the RADIUS client, located in the 7510 MGW, and the remote RADIUS server does not transmit passwords in cleartext, but in hidden, using a rather
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complex operation instead, which involves MD5 hashing and shared secret.
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8.10
Software Upgrade Management

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW incorporates a hitless software upgrading process. A hitless software upgrade is a mechanism which ensures compatibility of inter-board data exchange between entities having different Software (SW) versions. Note The following restrictions must be taken into consideration: G Hitless software upgrading is not applicable for SIGTRAN and CAS configurations, and for E1/T1 interfaces. For configurations operating in n+1 redundancy, before the actual hitless software upgrading, the configuration has to be modified to 1+1 redundancy, and around 50% of the Media Gateway resources have to be gracefully taken out of service. It is recommended to start a hitless software upgrade during a low traffic period (maximum 30% of the nominal load).
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9 Physical Architecture and Hardware

This chapter provides information concerning the physical architecture of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW and its related hardware. The following sections are presented: G G G Introduction Chassis Internal and External Features Functional Description of Hardware Modules
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9.1
Introduction
This section describes a single Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, as well as a rack configuration containing as many as three Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGWs in one rack. The configuration and hardware modules installed in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW are described separately in the remainder of this chapter.
9.1.1
Single Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Configuration

A single Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW consists of the following components:
"
One NEBS Level 3 compliant chassis, designed to meet international power, grounding, and shielding requirements A high-speed midplane that interconnects all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW modules Three fan trays One air filter As many as 16 application-specific modules which provide interface or media processing services; these modules are:
D D D
"
" " "
Circuit Interface Module Media Conversion Module Packet Interface Module.
"
The two duplicated system modules provide management and switching services ; these modules are:
D D
System Control Module Switch Fabric Module.
The chassis is fitted with 20 vertical slots, which are divided by the midplane. Each application-specific module consists of a processor board that is installed from the front of the chassis, and an I/O board that is installed from the rear of the chassis. Figure 29 shows a front view of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
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Fan Trays
Processor Board
UPD_0254_7510_front_view_ed01
Figure 29
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Front View
Figure 30 shows a rear view of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
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I/O Boards
UPD_0264_7510_rear_view_ed01
Figure 30
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Rear View
Of the 20 slots available, four slots are dedicated to hold two Switch Fabric Modules, and two System Control Modules. To maximize the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW port density, the remaining 16 generic slots can be filled using Media Conversion Modules, Packet Interface Modules, or Circuit Interface Modules. Each board that is inserted into the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis has a fully redundant Ethernet MAC connection. Connections to the System Control Module switch fabrics (the c-PSFs) allow communication with the control plane, while connections to the packet switch fabrics on the Switch Fabric Modules (the d-PSF) provide the packet switch used to transfer data in the data plane; these connections are made at the midplane. Each module has its own power circuit and distribution, supplied, for example, by the distributed 48 V or 60 V DC exchange power sources. Figure 31 shows a side view of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
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Front
Fan Trays
Rear
I/O Boards Processor Boards
Midplane
Cable Trays
Air Deflector 0271_chassis_side_ed01
Air Filter
Power Supply Cage
Figure 31
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Side View
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9.1.2
Rack Configuration
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is rack-mountable in standard 19 inch, 23 inch, or 600 mm equipment racks. The chassis height, 14 U (7 feet = 43 U), is designed to achieve maximum packing per Telco frame. As many as three Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGWs can be installed in a 7 foot Telco rack (see Figure 32). The remaining space is used to install extra equipment, like fuse panels or cabling brackets. All connectors are accessible from the front of the gateway.
Figure 32
Rack Configuration
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9.2
Chassis Internal and External Features

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis can be characterized by describing its internal and external features. Following a description of the chassis, the following features will be described in detail:
" " "
Cooling Power Source and Distribution Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC).
9.2.1
Chassis
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is a powerful, compact, standalone media gateway designed to comply with NEBS, Level-3 requirements.
Side View The chassis contains a midplane that connects processor boards
installed in the front of the chassis to I/O boards installed in the rear of the chassis. Figure 31 shows a side view of the chassis. The chassis supports 20 processor boards and 20 I/O boards. The processor boards are plugged into the midplane from the front, the I/O boards from the rear. The I/O boards have to be plugged into the midplane as an extension of the processor board, i.e., in the same slot from the rear of the chassis.
Front View All processor boards are accessible from the front of the chassis,
which has no doors or cover panels. There are 18 slots having a width of 21 mm, and 2 slots in the middle having a width of 30 mm to accept the System Control Modules. Figure 33 shows a front view of the chassis.
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FAN Connector Fan Alarm LED
Midplane
0261_chassis_front_view_ed01
Figure 33
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Front View
Rear View All I/O boards are accessible from the rear of the chassis, which
has no doors or cover panels. There are 18 slots having a width of 21 mm, and 2 slots in the middle having a width of 30 mm. Figure 34 shows a rear view of the chassis.
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Midplane
Power Connections 0265_chassis_rear_view_ed01
Figure 34
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Chassis, Rear View
9.2.2
Cooling
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis is fitted with three fan-trays, which are located at the top of the chassis. The three fan-tray design provides redundant fans and reduces noise levels.
Air Flow
The gateway draws air from the bottom front and sides of the chassis toward the top of the chassis, and exhausts air through vents located at the top front and rear of the chassis. Figure 35 shows the air flow though an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
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Fan Units
Air Output
Air Intake
Air Filter 0268_air_flow_ed01
Figure 35
Air Flow through an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW
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Fan Trays Each fan-tray (VS3FU) consists of three DC fans, see Figure 36.
Alarm Board
Fan Unit
Alarm Connector Power Connector
Guide Pin 0263_vs3fu_ed01
Metallic Grid
Figure 36
Fan Tray (VS3FU) Physical View
Two of the fans in each of the three fan trays operate at variable speed. They operate only at maximum speed if one of the trays is not operational. The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW can run indefinitely with only two of the three fan-trays operational. If a fan fails, an alarm is sent using the network management interface.
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Air Filter
An air filter is located at the lower front of the chassis, just under the slides used to hold the processor boards (see Figure 37).
Air Filter
Filter Fixing Screws
Removable Front Plate
Air Inlet Holes
0252_air_filter_ed01
Figure 37
Position of the Air Filter
The air filter can be replaced while the system is running.
9.2.3
Power Source and Distribution

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports dual-feed power inputs (A and B). If either the A source or the B source fails, all Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW functions continue to operate from the remaining power source.
Power Source The power source must be in the range from 48 V DC to 60 V Connection DC within standard tolerances (38.4 V to 72 V DC). This
Figure 38 shows the power source connections, located on the rear of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis.
allows 48 V or 60 V DC distributed exchange power sources to be used.
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Switch B ESD Wrist Strap Connection 0270_power_connection_b_ed01 Power Terminal Block
Switch A Ground
Figure 38
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Power Connections
9.2.4
EMC
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW chassis is designed to form a Faraday cage around the entire active electronic circuitry. This Faraday cage is realized by the metal chassis construction and the use of continuous frontplane gasket material for the processor and I/O boards. All cables passing through the faraday cage are manufactured with the required shielding. The main chassis (creating the faraday cage) is grounded using a mounted ground cable located at the rear of the chassis.
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9.3
Functional Description of Hardware Modules

Functionally, hardware modules consist of two different types of board, i.e., the:
" "
Processor Board I/O Board.
The processor boards contain all components required to perform functional tasks, e.g., the Packet Interface Module functions. Electrical or optical interfaces are not located on processor boards, instead, they are located on their corresponding I/O boards. Processor boards are always inserted from the front of the chassis, while their corresponding I/O boards are inserted from the rear of the chassis.
Processor Board
Figure 39 provides a generic view of a processor board.
Vertical Stiffener
Locking Screw
Guide LEDs
Metallic Frontplate
Handle with Fastener
0267_process_view_ed01
Figure 39
Generic View of a Processor Board
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I/O Board
Figure 40 provides a generic view of an I/O board.
Locking Screw
Metallic Frontplate
Guide
Vertical Stiffener I/O Connectors
Handle with Fastener
0266_io_board_view_ed01
Figure 40
Generic View of an I/O Board
General Board The boards are held in position by two handles having metal Features fasteners at their ends. When the boards are inserted, the
handles are moved into place, and afterward fixed by screws to lock the fasteners in place. The frontplane of the boards has an EMI gasket on its bottom side that closes the faraday cage. A guide supports each board as it is inserted into its correct location in the midplane.
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9.3.1

The System Control Module consists of the following hardware: Processor board VBSCM / VBSCM2 (VBSCM2 with or without SFW) I/O boards VMSCM The VMSCM board can access the external SSU, which provides an external signal used to support network timing synchronization when the gateway is being operated with analog synchronization (i.e., a 2,048 MHz clock signal), or it can access the external BITS which provides an external signal used to support network timing synchronization when the gateway is being operated with digital synchronzation (i.e., a clock with 1,544 Mbit/s DS1 signal or 2,048 Mbit/s). VMSCMA The VMSCMA board not only accesses the SSU or BITS to work with different external network timing systems; it also contains alarm processing circuitry that operates an LED (which shows green or red, red indicating an alarm) and an acoustic buzzer, which buzzes when an alarm is set. Because an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW is always equipped with two System Control Modules, one VBSCM must be associated with the VMSCM and the other with the VMSCMA.
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Processor Board
Figure 41 shows a front view of the VBSCM, and its location in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
UPD_0308_scm_in_chassis_ed01
Figure 41
Front View and Location of the VBSCM
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I/O Boards
Figure 42 shows a rear view of the VMSCM and VMSCMA, and their locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
ACO External alarm interface
UPD_ 0261_vmscm_a_in_chassis_ed01
Figure 42
Rear View and Location of the VMSCM/VMSCMA
The SCM I/O board has the following interface connections (see also document Installation and Configuration Guide Section: Connecting the Network Cables) Alarm connector External alarms External reference clock External BITS or SSU clock (RJ48 connector) MGC and OAM connector Ethernet connection 10/100 BaseT to MGC and OAM terminal (RJ45 connector) Serial interface connector Serial interface (e.g. Telnet on a Personal Computer)
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9.3.2
Switch Fabric Module

The system Switch Fabric Module consists of the following hardware: Processor board VBSFM AND Filler panel I/O board VMDMY20 OR Maintenance I/O board VMCDA
Processor Board
Figure 43 shows a front view of the VBSFM, and its location in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
UPD_0255_sfm_in_chassis_ed01
Figure 43
Front View and Location of the VBSFM
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I/O Board
The SFM can be equipped with a filler panel or a maintenance I/O board, i.e., a VMCDA board. The VMCDA provides a serial port for those processor boards (SFM and MCM) which do not have a corresponding I/O board. It is required for maintenance operations, e.g., to upgrade firmware and for enhanced debugging. The VMCDA provides the same port as the I/O boards of SCM, CIM and PIM. It is recommended to equip each chassis with one VMCDA board for fast access in case a maintenance operation is required, but not necessary for normal operation.
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9.3.3

The Circuit Interface Module has two variants:
" "
SDH Circuit Interface Module (STM1/OC3) PDH Circuit Interface Module (E1/T1 and DS3)
SDH Circuit Interface Module

The SDH Circuit Interface Module consists of the following hardware: Processor board VBC4S1 I/O board VM4S1SS / VMCIM
Processor Board
Figure 44 shows a front view of the VBC4S1, and its recommended locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
UPD_0258_cim_in_chassis_ed01
Figure 44
Front View and Location of the VBC4S1
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CIM I/O Board for Figure 45 shows a rear view of the VM4S1SS, and its locations a 1+1 in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. configuration
UPD_0260_vm4s1ss_in_chassis_ed01
Figure 45
Rear View and Location of the VM4S1SS
The SDH CIM I/O board for a 1+1 configuration has the following interface connections (see also document Installation and Configuration Guide Section: Connecting the Network Cables) Four duplex T-SC connectors (single-mode fiber) Four STM-1/OC-3 interfaces (compliant to ITU-T G957) with APS (bi-directional, linear and non-revertible)
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Table 19 and 20 show the transmitter and receiver performance of the SDH CIM I/O card. Table 19
Parameter Output mean Power Center wavelength Extinction Ratio Eye diagram Power supply current lcct ER According to ITU-T G957 mask 85 130 mA
SDH CIM I/O Card: Transmitter Performance

Symb Po Conditions Min. 15 1261 10 Type 11 1310 Max. 8 1360 Unit dBm nm dB
Table 20
Parameter
SDH CIM I/O Card: Receiver Performance

Symb Pin Pmax Conditions PRBS 223-1 NRZ BER < 1010 PRBS 223-1 NRZ BER < 1010 Min. 29 7 Type 31 0 29 Max. Unit dBm dBm dBm
Sensitivity (beginning of life) Maximum input Power Signal detect switching threshold: > Increasing light Signal detect switching threshold: > Decreasing light Link detect hysteresis Power supply current
45
dBm
Pmax lccr
PRBS 223-1 NRZ BER < 1010 PRBS 223-1 NRZ BER < 1010
1 70 100
dB mA
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CIM I/O Board for Figure 45 shows a rear view of the VMCIM, and its locations in an n+1 an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. configuration
Figure 46
Rear View and Location of the VMCIM
The SDH CIM I/O board for an n+1 configuration has the following interface connections: Eight SFP Slots Eight slots) with APS (bi-directional, linear and non-revertible or revertible). SFP Modules Two SFP modules for single-mode laser with a wavelength of 1,310 nm and LC connector: intermediate range (IR-1/S-1.1 (15km)) and long range (LR-1/L-1.1 (40km)).
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PDH Circuit Interface Module

The PDH Circuit Interface Module consists of the following hardware: Processor board VB32E1T1 I/O board Two variants: VM32E1T1 VMRED1 (with relay to protect PDH processor card)
Processor Board
Figure 47 shows a front view of the VB32E1T1, and its recommended locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
Figure 47
Front View and Location of the VB32E1T1
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I/O Board
Figure 48 shows a rear view of the VM32E1T1/VMRED1, and its locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
Figure 48
Rear View and Location of the VM32E1T1/VMRED1
The PDH CIM I/O board has the following interface connections (see also document Installation and Configuration Guide Section: Connecting the Network Cables) T1/E1 connectors Two T1/E1 interfaces
PDH Circuit Interface Module (CIM2) for DS3

The PDH Circuit Interface Module for DS3 consists of the following hardware: Processor board VB12DS3
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I/O board Two variants: VM12DS3 (in current release supporting 9 DS3 electrical interfaces) VM12DS3R (with relay to protect PDH processor card)
Processor Board
Figure 49 shows a front view of the VB12DS3, and its recommended locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
Figure 49
Front View and Location of the VB12DS3
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I/O Board
Figure 50 shows a rear view of the VM12DS3, and its locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
Figure 50
Rear View and Location of the VM12DS3
The PDH CIM I/O board has the following interface connections (see also document Installation and Configuration Guide Section: Connecting the Network Cables) Eighteen DS3 connectors Nine DS3 interfaces
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9.3.4

The Packet Interface Module consists of the following hardware: PIM Processor board VBPI4GE OR PIM Processor board VBPIxGES Features supported by the VBPIxGES board and the VBPI4GE board:
D D D D
BGW application Multiple IP addresses per ethernet port Advanced BGW features (e. g., for video streams) IPv4/IPv6 dual stack Can be configured to operate as SGW for M2UA or M3UA protocol. Is ready to support up to 4 GE ports with future software releases.
Features supported by the VBPIxGES board:

D
Features supported by the VBPI4GE board:

D
I/O board VMPIM
Processor Board
Figure 51 shows a front view of the VBPI4GE / VBPIxGES, and its recommended locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW for a Trunking Gateway configuration.
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UPD_0256_pim_in_chassis_ed01
Figure 51
Front View and Location of the VBPI4GE / VBPIxGES
In a BGW configuration the VBPI4GE / VBPIxGES boards can be located in all slots except in those slots reserved for SCM and SFM boards.
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PIM I/O Board for Figure 52 shows a rear view of the VMPIM, and its locations in n+1 or 1+1 an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW. Configuration
UPD_0259_vm1gem_in_chassis_ed01
Figure 52
Rear View and Location of the VMPIM
The PIM I/O board provides the following interface connections: Two SFP Slots Two SFP slots with LPS (non-revertible) SFP Modules Two different SFP modules for single or multi-mode laser with a wavelength of 850 or 1310 nm and LC or T-SC connectors.
D D
1000 Base SX modules (850 nm) 1000 Base LX modules (1310 nm)
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9.3.5
Media Conversion Module

The MCM consists of the following hardware: MCM-2 Processor board VBMCM7E / VBMCM3E AND Filler panel I/O board VMDMY20 OR Maintenance I/O board VMCDA
Processor Board
Figure 53 shows a front view of the VBMCMxE, and its recommended locations in an Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
UPD_0257_mcm_in_chassis_ed01
Figure 53
Front View and Location of the VBMCMxE
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I/O Board
The MCM can be equipped with a filler panel or a maintenance I/O board, i.e., a VMCDA board. The VMCDA provides a serial port for those processor boards (SFM and MCM) which do not have a corresponding I/O board. It is required for maintenance operations, e.g., to upgrade firmware and for enhanced debugging. The VMCDA provides the same port as the I/O boards of SCM, CIM and PIM. It is recommended to equip each chassis with one VMCDA board for fast access in case a maintenance operation is required, but not necessary for normal operation.
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Abbreviations
Abbreviations
ACELP ACO ALG AMC AMR AMRWB APS ARP AS BERT BFD BGF BGW BHCA BITS CAGW CDBM CDR CESoIP CHT CIM CLI CLIP CMC CoAPS CPU DCME DiffServ DNS DoS DRM Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction Alarm Cut Off Application Layer Gateway Advanced Mezzanine Card Adaptive Multi-Rate AMR Wide Band Automatic Protection Switching Address Resolution Protocol Application Server Bit Error Rate Test Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Border Gateway Function Border Gateway Busy Hour Call Attempts Building Integrated Timing Source Centralized Access Gateway Configuration Database Manager Call Detail Record Circuit Emulation Service over IP Call Hold Time Circuit Interface Module Command Line Interface Calling Line Identification Presentation Convergent network Management Center Context Attempts Per Second Central Processing Unit Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment Differentiated Services Domain Name Service Denial of Service Dynamic Resource Management
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Abbreviations
DS3 DSCP DSP DST DTX EFR EMC EPS ESP ESP ETSI FoIP FR FSK FTAM FTP GFI GUI HR HW IBCF IGW IM IMS IP IPsec ISC ISDN LDCELP LED LEX LPS MAC
Digital Signal 3 Differentiated Services Code Point Digital Signaling Processor Daylight Saving Time Discontinuous Transmission Enhanced Full Rate Electro Magnetic Compatibility Equipment Protection Switching Encapsulating Security Protocol Encapsulating Security Payload European Telecommunications Standards Institute Fax over IP Full Rate Frequency Shift Keying Fault Tolerant Application Manager File Transfer Protocol Generic Forwarding Interface Graphical User Interface Half Rate Hardware Interconnection Border Control Function International Gateway Instant Messaging IP Multimedia Subsystem Internet Protocol IP security International Switching Center Integrated Services Digital Network LowDelay Code Excited Linear Prediction Light Emitting Diode Local EXchange Link Protection Switching Medium Access Control
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Abbreviations
MACs MCM MF MGC MGEM MGW MIB MIM MSP MSRP MTBF NAPT NAT NEBS NGN NML NTEs NTP OAM PBX PDH PIF PIM PRA PSF PSTN QoS RADIUS RCS RPE-LTP RTCP RTCP XR RTP
Message Authentication Codes Media Conversion Module Multi Frequency Media Gateway Controller Media Gateway Element Manager Media Gateway Management Information Base Media Interface Module Multiplex Section Protection Message Session Relay Protocol Mean Time Between Failures Network Address and Port Translation Network Address Translation Network Equipment Building System Next Generation Network Network Management Layer Named Telephone Events Network Time Protocol Operations, Administration and Maintenance Private Branch Exchange Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Port Interface Packet Interface Module Primary Rate Access Packet Switching Fabric Public Switched Telephone Network Quality of Service Remote Authentication Dial In User Service Rich Communication Suite Regular Pulse Excitation Long Term Prediction Real-time Transport Control Protocol RTCP Extended Report Real-time Transport Protocol
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Abbreviations
SCM SCTP SDH SFM SFW SIGTRAN SMS SNMP SONET SRS SSH SSM SSU SVGA SW TCF TCP TDM TGW TOS UDP UI VAD VBD VLAN VMG VoIP VoP WAN XML
System Control Module Stream Control Transmission Protocol Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Switch Fabric Module SIP Firewall Signaling Transport System Management Server Simple Network Management Protocol Synchronous Optical Network System Route Server Secure SHell Synchronisation Status Message Synchronization Supply Unit Super Video Graphics Array Software Training Check Frame Transmission Control Protocol Time Division Multiplex Trunking Gateway Type Of Service User Datagram Protocol User Interface Voice Activity Detection Voice Band Data Virtual Local Area Network Virtual Media Gateway Voice over IP Voice over Packet Wide Area Network eXtended Markup Language
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Appendix A
Specifications
Appendix A
Specifications
This Appendix summarizes physical specifications and regulatory compliance information about the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW.
A.1
Physical Specifications
Table 21 shows the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW physical specifications. Table 21
Specification Dimensions
Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Physical Specifications

Description Height: 62.2 cm (14 RU) (1 RU = 44.45 mm) Width: 45.7 cm (18 inch) Depth: 53.3 cm (21 inch)
Weight Supported Racks
68 kg (150 lbs.) fully configured Up to three AlcatelLucent 7510 MGWs can be installed in one of these racks:
7 feet x 19 inch Network Equipment Building System (NEBS) standards compliant rack 2200 mm (H) x 600 mm (W) x 600 mm (D) European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) rack
Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Operating Humidity Power
0 C to 40 C (32 F to 104 F) 20 C to 65 C (4 F to 149 F) 0 to 80 %, noncondensing 48 V DC, 60 V DC redundant A and B power feeds 1300 W (typically loaded) 1800 W (fully loaded)
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Appendix A
Specifications
A.2
Compliances and Requirements

Table 22 shows the compliances and requirements of the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW: Table 22 Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Compliances and Requirements
Description World Market:
Compliance / Requirement Regulatory Compliance
G G G G G G G
NEBS Requirements
EMC : Emission: CISPR 22 class B EMC : Immunity: IEC 61000-4-2 to -4-6 Safety : IEC 60950-1 (2001)
Eurpean Market (CE Marking): EMC : EN 300 386 (2001) Safety : EN 60950-1 (2001)
North American Market: EMC : FCC Part 15 Safety : UL 60950/ CSA C22.2 No.60950-00 NEBS level 3 certification EMC and Safety : GR1089 Environmental conditions : GR63
G G G
Environmental Conditions
Climatic, Mechanic and Seismic :
Operating conditions : EN 300 019-2-3 (2003) [class 3.1 and 3.1E for climatic tests] Storage : EN 300 019-2-1 class 1.1 Transportation : EN 300 019-2-2 class 2.1
G G
Acoustic :
ETS 300 753
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Appendix B
Standards
Appendix B
Standards
Each of the following sections lists the standards supported by the Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW, which include:
" " " " "
Bellcore/Telcordia Specifications ITU Standards ANSI/EIA/IEEE Standards MIBs IETF RFCs.
B.1
Bellcore / Telcordia Specifications Bellcore The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following Bellcore Specifications specifications:
" " " " " " " " " " "
Bellcore Bellcore Bellcore Bellcore Bellcore Bellcore Bellcore Bellcore Bellcore Bellcore Bellcore
GR-63-CORE GR-246-CORE GR-253-CORE GR-472-CORE GR-474-CORE GR-1089-CORE GR-1244-CORE GR-1248-CORE GR-1275-CORE GR-2914-CORE SR-3645.
Telcordia The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following Telcordia Specifications specifications:
"
Telcordia GR-3054-CORE: Voice over Packet, NGN Trunk Gateway Generic Requirements Telcordia GR-3059-CORE: NGN Network Performance Requirement Telcordia GR-3060-CORE: Framework Generic Requirement Telcordia GR-3070-CORE: NGN Element Management System Requirement Telcordia SR-4717: Voice over Packet in Next Generation Networks, An Architecture Framework.
"
" "
"
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Appendix B
Standards
B.2
ITU Standards
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following ITU standards: G.703: Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces G.704: Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44 736 kbit/s hierarchical levels G.706: Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) procedures relating to basic frame structures defined in Recommendation G.704 G.711: Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies G.168: Digital network echo canceller G.3: Universal protocol for sending facsimile H.248: Series H, Audiovisual and Multimedia Systems, Gateway Control Protocol
B.3
ANSI / EIA / IEEE Standards

The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following ANSI/EIA/IEEE standards: ANSI T1.231: Digital Hierarchy Layer 1 In-Service Digital Transmission Performance Monitoring ANSI T1.107: Digital Hierarchy Format Specifications IEEE 802.3: Standard for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications IEEE 802.3u: 100BaseT Fast Ethernet System
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Appendix B
Standards
B.4
MIBs
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following MIBs described in SMIv1 according to RFC 1155 & RFC 1212, and, additional definition of traps according RFC1215 : Alcatel-Lucent MIB enterprise MIB for 7510 specific extensions RFC 1213 Management Information Base (MIBII) for use with network management protocols in TCP/IP based internets RFC 1253 OSPF Version 2 Management Information Base RFC 1389 RIP Version 2 MIB Extensions RFC 1406 Definitions of Managed Objects for the DS1 and E1 Interface Types RFC 1650 Definitions of Managed Objects for the Ethernetlike Interface Types RFC 1907 Management Information Base for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol RFC 2233 The Interfaces Group MIB RFC 2558 Definitions of Managed Objects for the SONET/SDH Interface Type RFC 2571 SNMPFRAMEWORKMIB DEFINITIONS RFC 2572 Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol RFC 2573n Definitions of MIB modules for specifying targets of management operations, for notification filtering, and for proxy forwarding RFC 2573t
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Appendix B
Standards
RFC 2574 Userbased Security Model (USM for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol) RFC 2575 Viewbased Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol
B.5
IETF RFCs
The Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW supports the following IETF RFCs: RFC 768: User Datagram Protocol (UDP) RFC 791: Internet Protocol RFC 792: Internet Control Message Protocol RFC 793: Transmission Control Protocol RFC 826: Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol: Or converting network protocol addresses to 48 bit Ethernet address for transmission on Ethernet hardware RFC 854: Telnet Protocol Specification RFC 950: Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure RFC 951: Bootstrap Protocol RFC 1034: Domain names concepts and facilities RFC 1058: Routing Information Protocol RFC 1122: Requirements for Internet hosts communication layers. RFC 1157: Simple Network Management Protocol RFC 1305: Network Time Protocol (Version 3) Specification, Implementation
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Appendix B
Standards
RFC 1338: Supernetting: an Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy RFC 1350: TFTP Protocol (Revision 2) RFC 1519: Classless Inter-Domain Routing RFC 1583: Open Shortest Path First Protocol, Version 2 RFC 1780: Internet Official Protocol Standards RFC 1812: Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers RFC 2833 / RFC 4733: RTP Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones, and Telephony Signals RFC 2598: An Expedited Forwarding PHB RFC 3015: Megaco Protocol Version 1
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Appendix B
Standards
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Appendix C
Components and Part Numbers
Appendix C

This appendix provides a list with Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW components and part numbers (see Table 23).
Table 23
Part Number

Description Chassis Kit for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW - includes chassis (3FZ 50010 AAXX) plus one (1) Backpanel (3FZ 40000 AAXX) and three (3) Fan Tray Units (3FZ 50012 AAXX)
3FZ 60028 AAXX
3FZ 60028 ABXX
Chassis Kit for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW - NEBS compliant - includes chassis (3FZ 50010 AAXX) plus one (1) Backpanel (3FZ 40000 AAXX) and three (3) Fan Tray Units metal (3FZ 50012 ABXX)
3FZ 30084 AAXX
System Control Module 2 (SCM) - processor board with Stratum 3 - VBSCM2S3
3FZ 30084 BAXX
System Control Module 2 (SCM) - processor board with Stratum 2 - VBSCM2S2
3FZ 30084 DAXX
System Control Module 2 (SCM) - processor board with Stratum 3, FW - VBSCM2S3-FW
3FZ 30084 EAXX
System Control Module 2 (SCM) - processor board with Stratum 2, FW - VBSCM2S2-FW
3FZ 30017 AAXX
System Control Module (SCM) - I/O board with management, timing interface - VMSCM
3FZ 30021 AAXX
System Control Module (SCM) - I/O board with management, timing and alarm interface - VMSCMA
3FZ 30002 AAXX
Switch Fabric Module (SFM) - processor board - VBSFM
3FZ 30003 AAXX
Circuit Interface Module (CIM) - processor board for 4-port OC-3/STM-1 - VBC4S1
3FZ 30007 AAXX
Circuit Interface Module (CIM) - I/O board with 4-port OC-3/STM-1 interface (optical) - VM4S1SS
3FZ 30086 AAXX
Circuit Interface Module (CIM) - MIM board for 16 optical transceivers (not included) - VMMIM
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Appendix C
Part Number 3FZ 30027 AAXX
Description Circuit Interface Module (CIM) - processor board for 32-port E1/T1 - VBC32E1
3FZ 30025 ABXX
Circuit Interface Module (CIM) - I/O board with 32-port E1 or T1 interface (electrical) - VM32E1T1
3FZ 30023 AAXX
Circuit Interface Module (CIM) - I/O board without interface for redundancy - VMRED
3FZ 30102 AAXX
Circuit Interface Module (CIM2) - processor board for 12board DS3
3FZ 30104 AAXX
Circuit Interface Module (CIM) - I/O board with 9port DS3 interface (electrical)
3FZ 30106 AAXX
Circuit Interface Module (CIM) - I/O board without DS3 interface for redundancy
3FZ 30009 AAXX
Packet Interface Module (PIM) - processor board for 1-port GigEthernet - VBPI1GE
3FZ 30012 AAXX
Packet Interface Module (PIM) - I/O board with 1-port GigEthernet interface (optical) - VM1GEM
3FZ 30086 BAXX
Packet Interface Module (PIM) - MIM board for 4 optical transceivers (not included) - VMPIM
1AB 23890 0002
Optical Transceiver, SFP - 1310 nm single wavelength - OE-TRX
1AB 23890 0004
Optical Transceiver, SFP - 850 nm multi-mode - OE-TRX
3FZ 30079 AAXX
Media Conversion Module (MCM) - with 36 DSP (TI C5) - VBMCM7E
3FZ 30079 ABXX
Media Conversion Module (MCM) - with 18 DSP (TI C5) - VBMCM3E
3FZ 30035 AAXX
Filling board for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW - processor board 20 mm - MA-VBDMY20
3FZ 30037 AAXX
Filling board for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW - processor board 30 mm - MA-VBDMY30
3FZ 30039 AAXX
Filling board for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW - I/O board 20 mm - MA-VMDMY20
3FZ 30041 AAXX
Filling board for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW - I/O board 30 mm - MA-VMDMY30
3FZ 30019 AAXX
System debug module (SFM, MCM) - I/O board with craft and debug interface - VMCDA
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Appendix C
Part Number 3FZ 50012 AAXX 3FZ 50012 ABXX 1AD 01636 0002 3FZ 03551 AAXX
Description Fan Tray Unit for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW - EMA-VS3FU Fan Tray Unit for Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW - metal - EMA-VS3FU Quadrafoam Air Filter 7510 SW RTU per VoIP/TDM HP GW session (Min. 32 E1/T1; 1 STM-1/OC-3) including Gateway Element Manager (GUI) - (7510 SW RTU - VoIP)
3FZ 03551 ABXX
7510 SW RTU per MTP2 link including Gateway Element Manager (GUI) - (7510 SW RTU - M2UA)
3FZ 03551 ACXX
7510 SW RTU per Peering GW session (Min. 1k IP-IP sessions) including Gateway Element Manager (GUI) - (7510 SW RTU - Peering)
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Appendix C
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Appendix D
Revision History
Appendix D
Revision History
This appendix lists the revisions to this document.
Table 24
Location 2.7.9
Reason for Revision

Description Section reworded. Several graphics improved.
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Appendix D
Revision History
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Alcatel Lucent 7510

Media Gateway Product Description

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Status Change Note

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Features and Services TGW Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Features and Services SGW Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1

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Features and Services SFW Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.2

6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 7 7.1

Functional Architecture and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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System Management and OAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4

8.5 8.6 8.7

Physical Architecture and Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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9.3.2 9.3.3 9.3.4 9.3.5 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D

179 181 189 192 195 199 201 207 211

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Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure

182 184 185 186 187 188 190 191 192

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About this Document

About this Document

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About this Document

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About this Document

Trademarks The Alcatel-Lucent word and Alcatel-Lucent logo are registered

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About this Document

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Key NGN Building Block

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" " "

Trunking Gateway Centralized AGW Border Gateway

reliable and cost-efficient utilization of IP network for transit voice traffic.

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Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits

Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW Key Benefits

High Capacity Switching Architecture

Carrier-Class Reliability and Availability

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Key Benefits Latest DSP Technology

Packet to Packet transcoding. Packet Loss Concealment

Adaptive Jitter Buffer

Open Standard Protocols

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Alcatel-Lucent 7510 MGW General Features

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Features Signaling and Call Control

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Features Reliability & Redundancy

The physical specifications can be found in Appendix A.

System Robustness and Stability

H.248.gri To enable call server (MGCF, IBCF or SPDF) to synchronize

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Versatile Platform; Combining TGW, BGW and SGW