Cu 10 A.

Cc phng php x l t b nhim -Cc phng php x l In-situ: Phng php x l ti ch bng cch cung cp xy, cc cht dinh dng cn thit ti vng t b nhim, xuyn qua ton b khi t b nhim, b sung thm mt loi ch phm vi sinh vt lm giu tng hiu qu x l, bao gm: + Ht kh t t (soil venting): nu cc cht nhim bay hi chim u th. Trong qu trnh ht th kt hp x l nhim bng cc nhm vi sinh vt phn b tng t pha trn tng t b nhim. + Thng kh sinh hc (bioventing): nu cc cht nhim t bay hi v khng bay hi chim u th. Khng kh (oxy) c thi vo vng t nhim, cht dinh dng a xung bng cch thm qua hoc bm xung -Cc phng php x l ex-situ + X l t (land treatment): thng kh v o trn t nhim (c th khng cn thit nu din tch t x l rng), b sung cc cht dinh dng v cc vi sinh vt phn gii, khng ch m bng ti nc nh k. Cc cht gy nhim phi c khng ch nh nhng hng ro chng thm. Khng ch cc cht nhim bay hi c th s dng k thut tri t trong nh c mi che v h thng x l kh. + ng (composting): vt liu nhim c trn vi cc cht n to thnh ng, ti nc nh k, c th o xi hoc khng. Cht n thng dung l phn chung, c tc dng lm tng tnh xp lu thng khng kh, cung cp xy cho VSV hot ng + X l dng bn trong cc ni phn ng sinh hc (bioreactor): t nhim c trn vi nc v t trong ni cha khuy trn lin tc, cung cp xy nu cn v khng ch dng kh i ra ngn nga s tht thot cht hu c theo cc cch: ti tun hon kh tr li, dung lm nguyn liu t v lm sch bng vi sinh vt. B.Cc phng php x l nc nhim

-Phng php hiu kh: s phn gii cc cht gy nhim nh vi sinh vt din ra trong iu kin c oxy khng kh, gm mt s phng php: + X l bng bn hot tnh: Bn hot tnh cha 70% l sinh khi vi sinh vt, cn li l cc tp cht khc. Chng c hot tnh oxy ha phn gii cht hu c rt mnh, gm cc chng ging bacillus, Pseudomonas, Micrococus,Nu trong nc thi c nhiu NH3, H2S v Fe th cn thm cc vi khun Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas, Thiobacillus, Ferobacillus. H thng thit b x l ch yu gm mt b lc, mt b lng v mt h thng ng dn c van ng m. Bn c th c chy cng dng hay ngc dng vi nc thi a vo b lc, khng kh c sc mnh t di y ln + Lc sinh hc (Biofilters): Cu trc phin lc gm cht mang (lp nguyn liu dng ht Pe, Ps, Pv) + xp + sinh khi vi sinh vt (vi khun, to lc, vi khun lam, ). Nc thi chy t trn xung, khng kh phun mnh t di ln, nc sch qua x l thu nhn bn di lp phin lc - Phng php k kh: S dng t hp vi sinh vt k kh phn gii cc cht bn hu c trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sn phm cui cng l kh metan v CO2 qua 3 b: + B 1: phn gii ngoi bo chuyn ha cc cao phn t thnh cc n phn. Di tc dng ca cc loi enzyme khc nhau do vi sinh vt tit ra, cc cht hu c phc tp nh hidratcacbon, protein, lipit d dng phn hy thnh cht hu c n gin nh ethanol, axit bo, kh ga CO2, , H2 v NH3. pH ca dung dch gim xung 5 + B 2: Cc axit bo v cc hp cht hu c tip tc c thy phn thnh hp cht Amon, Amin, Ccbonat v mt t CO2, N2, CH4, H2Sn phn ln men c mi hi thi kh chu v pH ca mi trng tng ln. + B 3: Ln men metan hay ln men kim: Cc sn phm Axit bo, cc hp cht cha Nito tip tc b phn hy bi cc vi khun metan to ra nhiu CO2, CH4. pH ca mi trng tng ln v chuyn sang mi trng kim