______________________________________________________Chng 3 Cng

logic III - 16

(a)

(b)
(H 3.30)

(c)

Bng 3.3 cho thy quan h in th ca cc ng vo , ra cng NOT

Vin

T1

T2

Vout

VDD (logic1)

ROFF=1010

RON = 1K

0V (logic 0)

0V (logic0)

RON = 1K

ROFF=1010

VDD (logic 1)

Bng 3.3
Ngoi ra vn hnh ca cng NAND v NOR c gii thch nh sau:
Cng NAND:
- Khi 2 ng vo ni ln mc cao, T1 v T2 ngng, T3 v T4 dn, ng ra xung
thp.
- Khi c 1 ng vo ni xung mc thp, mt trong 2 transistor T3 hoc T4
ngng, mt trong 2 transistor T1 hoc T2 dn, ng ra ln cao.
chnh l kt qu ca cng NAND 2 ng vo.
Cng NOR:
- Khi 2 ng vo ni xung mc thp, T1v T2 dn, T3 v T4 ngng, ng ra ln
cao.
- Khi c 1 ng vo ni ln mc cao, mt trong 2 transistor T3 hoc T4 dn, mt
trong 2 transistor T1 hoc T2 ngng, ng ra xung thp.
chnh l kt qu ca cng NOR 2 ng vo.

3.5.3 Cc cng CMOS khc

Ngi ta cng sn xut cc cng CMOS vi cc Drain h v ng ra 3 trng thi
s dng trong cc trng hp c bit nh h TTL

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K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 3 Cng

logic III - 17

(a)

(H 3.31)

(b)

(H 3.31a) l mt cng NOT c cc D h, khi s dng phi c in tr ko ln

(H 3.31b) l mt cng NOT c ng ra 3 trng thi:
- Khi ng vo Enable =1, T1 v T4 dn, mch hot ng nh l cng o,
- Khi ng vo Enable =0, T1 v T4 u ngng a mch vo trng thi Z cao.
Ngoi ra li dng tnh cht ca transistor MOS c ni tr rt nh khi dn, ngi ta
cng ch to cc mch c kh nng truyn tn hiu theo 2 chiu, gi l kha 2 chiu. (H 3.32)
l mt kha 2 chiu vi A l ng vo iu khin. Khi A = 0 kha h, khi A = 1, kha ng
cho tn hiu truyn qua theo 2 chiu

A
0
1

X to Y
OFF
ON

Y to X
OFF
ON

(H 3.32)
Vn hnh: T3 v T4 vai tr l mt cng o
- Khi A = 0, cc G ca T2 mc thp nn T2 (knh N) ngng, cc G ca T1 (knh P)
mc cao nn T1 ngng, mch tng ng vi kha h.
- Khi A =1, cc G ca T2 mc cao nn T2 dn, cc G ca T1 mc thp nn T1 dn,
mch tng ng vi kha ng. Tn hiu truyn qua mt chiu nh T1 (loi P) v theo
chiu ngc li nh T2 (loi N)
Bin ca tn hiu Vi truyn qua kha phi tha iu kin 0 <Vi < VDD .
Nh vy nu ta s dng ngun VDD th kha cho tn hiu xoay chiu i qua.

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______________________________________________________Chng 3 Cng

logic III - 18
3.5.3 c tnh ca h MOS
Mt s tnh cht chung ca cc cng logic h MOS (NMOS, PMOS v CMOS) c th
k ra nh sau:
- Ngun cp in : VDD t 3V n 15V
- Mc logic:
VOL (max) = 0V
VOH (min) = VDD
VIL (max) = 30% VDD
VIH (min) = 70%VDD
- L nhiu :
VNH = 30%VDD
VNL = 30%VDD
Vi ngun 5V, l nhiu khang 1,5V, rt ln so vi h TTL.
- Thi tr truyn tng i ln, khang vi chc ns, do in dung k sinh ng vo v
tng tr ra ca transistor kh ln.
- Cng sut tiu tn tng i nh, hng nW, do dng qua transistor MOS rt nh.
- S Fan Out:
50 UL
Do tng tr vo ca transistor MOS rt ln nn dng ti cho cc cng h MOS rt
nh, do s Fan Out ca h MOS rt ln, tuy nhin khi mc nhiu tng ti vo mt tng
thc th in dung k sinh tng ln (gm nhiu t mc song song) nh hng n thi gian
giao hon ca mch nn khi dng tn s cao ngi ta gii hn s Fan Out l 50, ngha l
mt cng MOS c th cp dng cho 50 cng ti cng lot.
- Nh ni trn, CMOS c ci thin thi tr truyn so vi loi NMOS v PMOS,
tuy nhin mt tch hp ca CMOS th nh hn hai loi ny. D sao so vi h TTL th mt
tch hp ca h MOS ni chung ln hn rt nhiu, do h MOS rt thch hp ch to
di dng LSI v VLSI.

3.5.4 Cc lot CMOS

CMOS c hai k hiu: 4XXX do hng RCA ch to v 14XXX ca hng
MOTOROLA, c hai lot 4XXXA (14XXXA) v 4XXXB (14XXXB), lot B ra i sau c
ci thin dng ra.
Ngoi ra cn c cc lot :
- 74C : CMOS c cng s chn v chc nng vi IC TTL nu c cng s. Th d
IC 74C74 l IC gm 2 FF D tc ng bi cnh xung ng h ging nh IC 7474 ca TTL.
Hu ht (nhng khng tt c) cc thng s ca lot 74C ging vi 74 TTL nn ta c th thay
th 2 loi ny cho nhau c.
- 74HC (High speed CMOS), 74HCT: y l lot ci tin ca 74C, tc giao hon
c th so snh vi 74LS, ring 74HCT th hon ton tng thch vi TTL k c cc mc
logic. y l lot IC CMOS c dng rng ri.
- 74AC v 74ACT (Advance CMOS) ci tin ca 74 HC v HCT v mt nhiu bng
cch sp xp li th t cc chn, do n khng tng thch vi TTL v s chn.

3.6 GIAO TIP GIA CC H IC S

Giao tip l thc hin vic kt ni ng ra ca mt mch hay h thng vi ng vo ca
mch hay h thng khc. Do tnh cht v in khc nhau gia hai h TTL v CMOS nn
vic giao tip gia chng trong nhiu trng hp khng th ni trc tip c m phi nh
mt mch trung gian ni gia tng thc v tng ti sao cho in th tn hiu ra tng thc ph
hp vi tn hiu vo ca tng ti v dng in tng thc phi cp cho tng ti.
TTL
CMOS (VDD=
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K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 3 Cng

logic III - 19
Thng s
VIH(min)
VIL(max)
VOH(min)
VOL(max)
IIH(max)
IIL(max)
IOH(max)
IOL(max)

4000B
3,5V
1,5V
4,95V
0,05V
1A
1A
0,4 mA
0,4 mA

74HC
3,5V
1,0V
4,9V
0,1V
1A
1A
4 mA
4 mA

5V)
74HCT
2,0V
0,8V
4,9V
0,1V
1A
1A
4 mA
4 mA

74
2,0V
0,8V
2,4V
0,4V
40A
1,6 mA
0,4 mA
16 mA
Bng 3.4

74LS
2,0V
0,8V
2,7V
0,5V
20A
0,4 mA
0,4 mA
8 mA

74AS
2,0V
0,8V
2,7V
0,5V
200A
2 mA
2 mA
20 mA

74ALS
2,0V
0,8V
2,7V
0,4V
20A
100A
0,4 mA
8 mA

C th ni iu kin thc trc tip

- Khi dng in ra ca tng thc ln hn hoc bng dng in vo ca tng ti c hai
trng thi thp v cao.
- Khi hiu th ng ra ca tng thc hai trng thi thp v cao ph hp vi in th
vo ca tng ti.
Nh vy, trc khi xt cc trng hp c th ta xem qua bng k cc thng s ca hai
h IC

3.6.1 TTL thc CMOS

- TTL thc CMOS dng in th thp (VDD = 5V):
T bng 3.4 dng in vo ca CMOS c tr rt nh so vi dng ra ca cc lot TTL,
vy v dng in khng c vn
Tuy nhin khi so snh hiu th ra ca TTL vi hiu th vo ca CMOS ta thy
VOH(max) ca tt c cc lot TTL u kh thp so vi VIH(min) ca TTL, nh vy phi c
bin php nng hiu th ra ca TTL ln. iu ny thc hin c bng mt in tr ko ln
mc ng ra ca IC TTL (H 3.33)
- TTL thc 74 HCT:
Nh ni trc y, ring lot 74HCT l lot CMOS c thit k tng thch vi
TTL nn c th thc hin kt ni m khng cn in tr ko ln.
- TTL thc CMOS dng ngun cao (VDD = +10V)
Ngay c khi dng in tr ko ln, in th ng ra mc cao ca TTL vn khng cp
cho ng vo CMOS, ngi ta phi dng mt cng m c ng ra h c th dng ngun cao
(Th d IC 7407) thc hin s giao tip (H 3.34)

(H 3.33)

(H 3.34)

3.6.2 CMOS thc TTL

- CMOS thc TTL trng thi cao:
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K THUT S

______________________________________________________Chng 3 Cng

logic III - 20
Bng 3.4 cho thy in th ra v dng in ra mc cao ca CMOS cp cho TTL
. Vy khng c vn trng thi cao
- CMOS thc TTL trng thi thp:
Dng in vo trng thi thp ca TTL thay i trong khong t 100 A n 2 mA.
Hai lot 74HC v 74HCT c th nhn dng 4 mA . Vy hai lot ny c th giao tip vi mt
IC TTL m khng c vn . Tuy nhin, vi lot 4000B, IOL rt nh khng giao tip vi
ngay c mt IC TTL, ngi ta phi dng mt cng m nng dng ti ca lot 4000B trc
khi thc vi IC 74LS (H 3.35)
- CMOS dng ngun cao thc TTL:
C mt s IC lot 74LS c ch to c bit c th nhn in th ng vo cao
khong 15V c th c thc trc tip bi CMOS dng ngun cao, tuy nhin a s IC TTL
khng c tnh cht ny, vy c th giao tip vi CMOS dng ngun cao, ngi ta phi
dng cng m h in th ra xung cho ph hp vi IC TTL (H 3.36)

(H 3.35)

(H 3.36)

Vi th d dng cng thit k mch

1. Dng cng NAND 2 ng vo thit k mch to hm Y = f(A,B,C) =1 khi tha cc iu kin
sau:
a. A=0, B=1 v C=1
b. A=1, B=1 bt chp C
Gii
D vo iu kin ca bi ton ta c bng s tht ca hm Y
A
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

C
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Y
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1

Rt gn hm:
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______________________________________________________Chng 3 Cng

logic III - 21

Y =AB+BC

(H 3.37)

dng tan cng NAND to hm, ta dng nh l De Morgan, bin i hm Y:

Y = Y = AB + BC = AB .BC
V mch c dng (H 3.37)

2. Cho mch

(H P3.38)
a./ Vit biu thc hm Y theo cc bin A,B,C.
b./ Rt gn hm logic ny
c./ Thay th mch trn bng mt mch ch gm cng NAND 2 ng vo
Gii
a./ Ta c Y = A .B.C + A B.C + A .BD
b./ Rt gn
Y= A .B.C + A B.C + A .BD = B.C(A + A) + A .BD = B.C + A .BD = B( C + A D)
c./ V mch thay th dng cng NAND 2 ng vo
Trc nht ta v mch tng ng hm rt gn, sau dng bin i cng

(H P3.39)

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______________________________________________________Chng 3 Cng

logic III - 22

BI TP
1. Thit k mch thc hin cc hm sau y dng ton cng NAND 2 ng vo:
a./ f(A,B,C) = 1 nu (ABC)2 l s chn.
b./ f(A,B,C) = 1 nu c t nht 2 bin = 1.
c./ f(A,B,C) = 1 nu s nh phn (ABC)2 > 5.
d./ f(A,B,C) = 1 nu s bin c gi tr 1 l s chn.
e./ f(A,B,C) = 1 nu c mt v ch mt bin = 1.
2. Thit k mch gm 2 ng vo D, E v 2 ng ra P, C tha cc iu kin sau y:
- Nu E = 1 D = 0
P = 1, C = 0
- Nu E = 1 D = 1
P = 0, C = 1
- Nu E = 0 D bt k
P = 1, C = 1
3. Hm logic F(A, B, C) tha tnh cht sau y :
F(A,B,C) = 1 nu c mt v ch mt bin bng 1
a- Lp bng s tht cho hm F.
b- V mch logic to hm F.
4. Thit K mch to hm Y = A .B.C + A B.C + A .BC bng cc cng NAND 2 ng vo
5. Hm F(A,B,C) xc inh bi bng s tht
A
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

C
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

F
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1

a- Dng bn Karnaugh rt gn hm F.
b- V s mch logic thc hin hm F.
c- V li mch ch dng cng NOR hai ng vo.

6. Rt gn hm logic :
f(A,B,C,D) = (0,1, 2, 4, 5, 8), A = MSB. Hm khng xc nh vi cc t hp bin (3,
7,10).
Dng s cng NOR t nht thc hin mch to hm trn.
7. Hm f(A,B,C) =1 khi s bin = 1 l s chn
- Vit biu thc logic ca hm f(A,B,C) theo t hp bin A,B,C.
- Dng cc cng EX-OR thc hin mch to hm trn.
8. Mt mch t hp nhn vo mt s nh phn A=A3A2A1A0 (A0 l LSB) to ra ng ra Y
mc cao khi v ch khi 0010<A<1000. Hy thit k mch vi:
a) Cu trc NAND-NAND.
b) Ton cng NAND 2 ng vo.

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______________________________________________________Chng 3 Cng

logic III - 23
9. Mt mch t hp nhn vo mt s BCD, c tn l X. Ng ra ca mch ln 1 khi tha iu
kin 110 X 510.
Hy thit k mch t hp trn, dng ton cng NAND 2 ng vo.
10. Hm f(A,B,C,D) =1 khi c t nht 3 bin = 1
- Vit biu thc logic ca hm f(A,B,C,D) theo t hp bin A,B,C,D.
- Dng cc cng NAND 2 ng vo (s cng t nht) thc hin mch to hm trn.

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K THUT S

________________________________________________________Chng 4

Mch t hp IV - 1

CHNG 4: MCH T HP
MCH M HA
7 Mch m ha 2 ng sang n ng
7 Mch to m BCD cho s thp phn
MCH GII M
7 Mch gii m n ng sang 2n ng
7 Mch gii m BCD sang 7 on
MCH A HP V GII A HP
7 Khi nim
7 Mch a hp
7 ng dng ca mch a hp
7 Mch gii a hp
MCH SO SNH
7 Mch so snh hai s mt bit
7 Mch so snh hai s nhiu bit
MCH KIM / PHT CHN L
7 Mch pht chn l
7 Mch kim chn l
___________________________________________________________________________
____
n

Cc mch s c chia ra lm hai loi: Mch t hp v Mch tun t.

- Mch t hp: Trng thi ng ra ch ph thuc vo t hp cc ng vo khi t hp ny
n nh. Ng ra Q ca mch t hp l hm logic ca cc bin ng vo A, B, C . . ..
Q = f(A,B,C . . .)
- Mch tun t : Trng thi ng ra khng nhng ph thuc vo t hp cc ng vo m
cn ph thuc trng thi ng ra trc . Ta ni mch tun t c tnh nh. Ng ra Q+ ca
mch tun t l hm logic ca cc bin ng vo A, B, C . . . . v ng ra Q trc .
Q+ = f(Q,A,B,C . . .)
Chng ny nghin cu mt s mch t hp thng dng thng qua vic thit k mt
s mch n gin v kho st mt s IC trn thc t.

4.1. MCH M HA
M ha l gn cc k hiu cho cc i tng trong mt tp hp thun tin cho vic
thc hin mt yu cu c th no . Th d m BCD gn s nh phn 4 bit cho tng s m
ca s thp phn (t 0 n 9) thun tin cho my c mt s c nhiu s m; m Gray
dng tin li trong vic ti gin cc hm logic . . .. Mch chuyn t m ny sang m khc gi
l mch chuyn m, cng c xp vo loi mch m ha. Th d mch chuyn s nh phn 4
bit sang s Gray l mt mch chuyn m.

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________________________________________________________Chng 4

Mch t hp IV - 2
4.1.1 Mch m ha 2n ng sang n ng
Mt s nh phn n bit cho 2n t hp s khc nhau. Vy ta c th dng s n bit m
cho 2n ng vo khc nhau, khi c mt ng vo c chn bng cch a n ln mc tc ng,
ng ra s ch bo s nh phn tng ng. l mch m ha 2n ng sang n ng.
(H 4.1) l m hnh mt mch m ha 2n ng sang n ng.
- (H 4.1a) l mch c ng vo v ra tc ng cao : Khi cc ng vo u mc thp,
mch cha hot ng, cc ng ra u mc thp. Khi c mt ng vo c tc ng bng
cch n kha K tng ng a ng vo ln mc cao, cc ng ra s cho s nh phn
tng ng.
- (H 4.1b) l mch c ng vo v ra tc ng thp. Hot ng tng t nh mch trn
nhng c mc tc ng ngc li. (trong m hnh (H 4.1b) k hiu du o ng ra ch mc
tc ng thp, cn ng vo khng c du o v l mch tht)
Trong trng hp ng ra c mc tc ng thp, mun c ng s nh phn ng ra,
ta phi o cc bit c.

(a)

(b)
(H 4.1)

D nhin, ngi ta cng c th thit k theo kiu ng vo tc ng thp v ng ra tc

ng cao hay ngc li. Trn thc t, ta c th c bt c loi ng vo hay ra tc ng theo bt
c kiu no (mc cao hay thp).
Ngoi ra, trnh trng hp mch cho ra mt m sai khi ngi s dng v tnh (hay
c ) tc ng ng thi vo hai hay nhiu ng vo, ngi ta thit k cc mch m ha u
tin: l mch ch cho ra mt m duy nht c tnh u tin khi c nhiu ng vo cng c tc
ng.

4.1.1.1 M ha u tin 4 ng sang 2 ng

Thit k mch m ha 4 ng sang 2 ng, u tin cho m c tr cao, ng vo v ra
tc ng cao
Bng s tht v s mch (H 4.2)
0
1

1
0

2
0

3
0

A1
0

A0
0

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________________________________________________________Chng 4

Mch t hp IV - 3
x
x
x

0
1
x

1
x
x

1
0
1

0
1
1

0
0
1
Bng 4.1

Nhn thy bin 0 trong bng s tht khng nh hng n kt qu nn ta ch v bng

Karnaugh cho 3 bin 1, 2 v 3. Lu l do trong bng s tht c cc trng hp bt chp ca
bin nn ng vi mt tr ring ca hm ta c th c n 2 hoc 4 s 1 trong bng Karnaugh.
Th d vi tr 1 ca c 2 hm A1 v A0 dng cui cng a n 4 s 1 trong cc 001, 011,
101 v 111 ca 3 bin 123.
T bng Karnaugh, ta c kt qu v mch tng ng. Trong mch khng c ng vo
0, iu ny c hiu l mch s ch bo s 0 khi khng tc ng vo ng vo no.

(H 4.2)

4.1.1.2 M ha 8 ng sang 3 ng
Chng ta s kho st mt IC m ha 8 ng sang 3 ng.
Trn thc t khi ch to mt IC, ngoi cc ng vo/ra thc hin chc nng chnh
ca n, ngi ta thng d tr thm cc ng vo v ra cho mt s chc nng khc nh cho
php, ni mch m rng hot ng ca IC.
IC 74148 l IC m ha u tin 8 ng sang 3 ng, vo/ ra tc ng thp, c cc
ng ni mch m rng m ha vi s ng vo nhiu hn.
Di y l bng s tht ca IC 74148, trong Ei ng vo ni mch v cho php, Eo
l ng ra ni mch v Gs dng m rng cho s nh phn ra.
Da vo bng s tht, ta thy IC lm vic theo 10 trng thi:
- Cc trng thi t 0 n 7: IC m ha cho ra s 3 bit
- Cc trng thi 8 v 9: dng cho vic m rng, s gii thch r hn khi ni 2 IC m
rng m ha cho s 4 bit

Trng
thi
9
8
7
6
5
4

Ei 0
7
1 x
0 x
0 1
0 1
0 x
0 0

Ng vo
2 3 4

A2

Ng ra
A1 A0

Gs Eo

1
1
0
0
0
0

1
1
0
0
1
1

1
1
0
0
0
0

1
1
0
1
0
1

1
0
1
1
1
1

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K THUT S

________________________________________________________Chng 4

Mch t hp IV - 4
3
2
1
0

0
0
0
0

x
1
x
1
x
1
x
1
x
1
x
1
0
1

0 1

1 1

1 1

1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

0
0
0
0

1
1
1
1

Bng 4.2
(H 4.3) l cch ni 2 IC thc hin m ha 16 ng sang 4 ng

(H 4.3)
- IC2 c Ei = 0 nn hot ng theo cc trng thi t 0 n 8, ngha l m ha t 0 n
7 cho cc ng ra A2A1A0.
- IC1 c Ei ni vi Eo ca IC2 nn IC1 ch hot ng khi tt c ng vo d liu ca
IC2 ln mc 1 (IC2 hot ng trng thi 8)
* m ha cc s t 0 n 7, cho cc ng vo 8 n 15 (tc cc ng vo d liu ca
IC2) ln mc 1, IC2 hot ng trng thi 8.
Lc Ei1 = Eo2 = 0: kt qu l IC1 s hot ng trng thi t 0 n 7, cho php to
m cc s t 0 n 7 (t 111 n 000) v IC2 hot ng trng thi 8 nn cc ng ra
(A2A1A0)2= 111, y l iu kin m cc cng AND cho m s ra l B2B1B0 = A2A1A0 ca
IC1, trong lc B3 = Gs2 = 1, ta c kt qu t 1111 n 1000, tc t 0 n 7 (tc ng
thp).
Th d m s 4 , a ng vo 4 xung mc 0, cc ng vo t 5 n 15 ln mc 1,
bt chp cc ng vo t 0 n 3, m s ra l B3B2B1B0=Gs2B2B1B0=1011, tc s 4
* m ha cc s t 8 n 15, cho IC2 hot ng trng thi t 0 n 7 (a ng
vo ng vi s mun m xung thp, cc ng vo cao hn ln mc 1 v cc ng vo thp hn
xung mc 0), bt chp cc ng vo d liu ca IC1 (cho IC1 hot ng trng thi 9), nn
cc ng ra (A2A1A0)1=111, y l iu kin m cc cng AND cho m s ra l B2B1B0=
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________________________________________________________Chng 4

Mch t hp IV - 5
A2A1A0 ca IC2, , trong lc B3 = Gs2 = 0, ta c kt qu t 0111 n 0000, tc t 8 n
15.
Th d m s 14, a ng vo 14 xung mc 0, a ng vo 15 ln mc 1, bt chp
cc ng vo t 0 n 13, m s ra l B3B2B1B0 = Gs2B2B1B0 = 0001, tc s 14
Mun c ng ra ch s nh phn ng vi ng vo c tc ng m khng phi o
cc bit ta c th thay cc cng AND bng cng NAND

4.1.2 Mch to m BCD cho s thp phn

Mch gm 10 ng vo tng trng cho 10 s thp phn v 4 ng ra l 4 bit ca s
BCD. Khi mt ng vo (tng trng cho mt s thp phn) c tc ng bng cch a ln
mc cao cc ng ra s cho s BCD tng ng
Bng s tht ca mch:
Trng thi cc ng vo
8 7 6 5 4 3 2

9
1

0
0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 1

1 0

0 0

1
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
1

0 0

M s ra
A3 A2 A1
A0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Bng 4.3
Khng cn bng Karnaugh ta c th vit ngay cc hm xc nh cc ng ra:
A0 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9
A1 = 2 + 3 + 6 + 7
A2 = 4 + 5 + 6 + 7
A3 = 8 + 9
Mch cho (H 4.4)

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Mch t hp IV - 6

(H 4.4)
to m BCD u tin cho s ln, ta vit li bng s tht v dng phng php i s
n gin cc hm xc nh cc ng ra A3 , A2 , A1 , A0
Trng thi cc ng vo
9 8 7 6 5 4 3
1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 x
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
x x
0 0 0 0 0 0 1
x x
0 0 0 0 0 1 x
x x
0 0 0 0 1 x x
x x
0 0 0 1 x x x
x x
0 0 1 x x x x
x x
0 1 x x x x x
x x
1 x x x x x x
x x

2
0
0
1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

M s ra
A3 A2 A1
A0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1

Bng 4.4

A 3 = 9.8 + 9 = 9 + 8

A 2 = 7.8.9 + 6.7.8.9 + 5.6.7.8.9 + 4.5.6.7.8.9 = (7 + 6.7 + 5.6.7 + 4.5.6.7)8.9

A 2 = (7 + 6 + 5 + 4)8.9 = (7 + 6 + 5 + 4)(8 + 9)

A 1 = 7.8.9 + 6.7.8.9 + 3.4.5.6.7.8.9 + 2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9 = (7 + 6.7 + 3.4.5.6.7 + 2.3.4.5.6.7)8.9

A 1 = (7 + 6 + 3.4.5 + 2.3.4.5)8.9 = (7 + 6 + 3.4.5 + 2.4.5)( 8 + 9)

A 0 = 9 + 7.8.9 + 5.6.7.8.9 + 3.4.5.6.7.8.9 + 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9

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________________________________________________________Chng 4

Mch t hp IV - 7
= 9 + ( 7 + 5.6.7 + 3.4.5.6.7 + 1.2.3.4.5.6.7)8.9
A 0 = 9 + (7 + 5.6 + 3.4.6 + 1.2.4.6)8.9 = 9 + (7 + 5.6 + 3.4.6 + 1.2.4.6)( 8 + 9)
Mch cho (H 4.5)

(H 4.5)

4.1.3 Mch chuyn m

Mch chuyn t mt m ny sang mt m khc cng thuc loi m ha.
DMch chuyn m nh phn sang Gray
Th thit k mch chuyn t m nh phn sang m Gray ca s 4 bit.
Trc tin vit bng s tht ca s nh phn v s Gray tng ng. Cc s nh phn l
cc bin v cc s Gray s l hm ca cc bin .

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________________________________________________________Chng 4

Mch t hp IV - 8
A

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1

0 0 1 1

0 0 1 0

0 1 1 0

0 1 1 1

0 1 0 1

0 1 0 0

1 1 0 0

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 0

1 0 1 0

1 0 1 1

1 0 0 1

1 0 0 0

Bng 4.5
Dng bng Karnaugh xc nh X, Y, Z, T theo A, B, C, D
Quan st bng s tht ta thy ngay:
X = A,
Vy ch cn lp 3 bng Karnaugh cho cc bin Y, Z, T (H 4.6 a,b,c) v kt qu cho
(H 4.6 d)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

(a)

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

(b)

(c)

(H 4.6 ) (d)

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________________________________________________________Chng 4

Mch t hp IV - 9

4.2 . MCH GII M

4.2.1 Gii m n ng sang 2n ng
4.2.1.1 Gii m 2 ng sang 4 ng:
Thit k mch Gii m 2 ng sang 4 ng c ng vo cho php (cng c dng
ni mch)
n gin, ta xt mch gii m 2 ng sang 4 ng c cc ng vo v ra u tc
ng cao .
Bng s tht, cc hm ng ra v s mch:

Vo
A1

A0

Y0

R a
Y1
Y2

Y3

0
1
1
1
1

x
0
0
1
1

x
0
1
0
1

0
1
0
0
0

0
0
1
0
0

0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
1
0

Y0 = G.A 1 A 0
Y1 = G.A 1A 0
Y2 = G.A 1 A 0
Y3 = G.A 1A 0

00

(H 4.7)

4.2.1.2 Gii m 3 ng sang 8 ng

Dng 2 mch gii m 2 ng sang 4 ng thc hin mch gii m 3 ng
sang 8 ng (H 4.8)
A2

Vo
A1

A0

Y0

Y1

Y2

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0

Y3

R a
Y4 Y5

Y6

Y7

0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

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