Self Efficacy Theory

Also known as social cognitive theory. Or social learning theory Self efficacy refers to an individuals belief that he or she is capable of performing a task. The higher your self efficacy, the more confidence you have in your ability to succeed in a task. people with low self efficacy are more likely to lessen their effort or give up altogether while those with high self efficacy will try harder to master the challenge. [Example of a Student Given a tough Problem to solve by his/her Teacher,
he knows its hard but he still keep solving it]

individuals high in self efficacy seem to respond to negative feedback with increased effort and motivation. low in self efficacy are likely to lessen their effort when given negative feedback.

Goal Setting Theory & Self Efficacy Theory

Goal Setting theory and self Efficacy theory are Compliment to Each other.

Fours Ways to Increase Self Efficacy

The researcher who developed self efficacy theory, Albert Bandura, argues that there are fours ways self efficacy can be increased. 1.Enactive mastery:
Enactive mastery is gaining relevant experience with the task or job. If an individual has been able to do a job successfully in the past, then he or she will be more confident to be able to do it in the future.

2.Vicarious modeling:
The second source is vicarious modeling or becoming more confident because you see someone else doing the task.

3.Verbal persuasion:
The third source is verbal persuasion, which is becoming more confident because someone convinces you that you have the skills necessary to be successful. Motivational speakers use this tactic a lot.

4.Arousal:
Arousal leads to an energized state, which drives a person to complete the task. The person gets psyched up and performs better. But when arousal is not relevant, then arousal hurts performance

Reinforcement Theory
It states that individuals behavior is a function of its consequences.

Behavior is environmentally caused.

Behavior can be modified (reinforced) by providing (controlling) consequences.

Reinforced behavior tends to be repeated.

Methods for controlling the behavior

The managers use the following methods for controlling the behavior of the employees.

Positive Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement
Punishment Extinction

Methods for controlling the behavior

Positive Reinforcement- This implies giving a positive response when an individual shows positive and required behavior. Negative Reinforcement- This implies rewarding an employee by removing negative / undesirable consequences. behavior. Punishment- It implies removing positive consequences so as to lower the probability of repeating undesirable behavior in future. In other words, punishment means applying undesirable consequence for showing undesirable behavior. Extinction- It implies absence of reinforcements. In other words, extinction implies lowering the probability of undesired behavior by removing reward for that kind of behavior.

Methods for controlling the behavior