5

metabolite

metabolites

Mechanisms of drug metabolism

(ionized)

microsomal enzyme 2

4


1 1. oxidation- hydrogen atom

2. reduction-
hydrogen atom

3. hydrolysis-

2 4. Conjugation - metabolite 1
2 3



1.

2.
3.
4.
5


1.

lipoidal, nonionized

renal tubular epithelium

free, ionized drug molecule

(anion cation)
6

1. ( )
1.1 Glomerular filtration

(<50,000
free drug

Bowmans capsule

ionized

enzyme transport system

7

1. ( )
1.2 Tubular secretion

(proximal
tubule)

free drug bound

tubule

Glomerulus enzyme trans

9

1. ( )

1.3. Tubular reabsorption

passive diffusion

ionized form

10


pH

A.1983.

Thithapandha,
Drug disposition. Concepts
and
Applications. Mahidol University, Bangkok. P. 124.

11

glomemlus

reabsorption

glomerulus

12

2.

ionized form



glucoronide conjugate
active transpor

enterohepatic cycle
13

al

co hol

3.

4.

14

 3-6

15

Drug bioavailability

16


bioavailability

local effect /

piperazine

systemic

effect

target

organ

17

 drug bioavailability


bioavailability
granulating
and binding agent, diluent, stabilizing
agent

18

Drug bioequivalence
-

bioequivalence

bioavailability

therapeutic equivalence

19


bioavailability

20


bioequivalence

-
-
-

21

22