GSM NETWORK OPTIMIZATION BY GENETIC ALGORITHM

Ludk ZVODN Institute of Radio Electronic, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Purkyova 118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic zavodny@feec.vutbr.cz Abstract: This paper deals with the utilization of the genetic algorithm for optimization of GSM transmitters parameters such as their radio channel and emitted power. Signal to noise ratio is the main criterion of optimization. 1 INTRODUCTION

Expansive progress of mobile communications, like GSM system, requires the use of design system for simulation of radiowave propagation. Modeling and simulations of radio wave propagation carry a lot of advantages. Making the design of radio-network faster is the great positive of this modelling. It can bring the saving money beside the saving time. Optimization of the location, used radios channel and transmitted power of radio transmitters (base transient station in GMS system) is finally the most attractive utilization of radio channel modelling. Genetic algorithms are the one of the latest methods. Their best advantage is the ability to optimization the tasks which have a lot of local minimums. 2 OVERVIEW OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS

Genetic algorithms proceed from principles of biologic systems evaluation. Ever solution of solved objective can be described by the bit sequence - chromosome. Chromosome represents values of parameters of the system in discrete form. Genetic algorithm works with group of several chromosomes. This file is called population and its every element is an individual. Process of optimization starts with the starting population, with is randomly generated by the computer. Number of individuals in population is usually constant but individuals are changed to improving quality of population. Every new (changed) population creates new next generation. Quality of population is improved by several principles. Value of quality function of ever individual is calculated at first. Selection, which follows in next step, is based on value of quality function. Purpose of selection is to eliminate worse individual from next population and to prefer better ones. Tree basic selection methods exist: the decimation, the proportionate selection and the tournament selection. Next generation is created by crossover and mutation of selected individuals. Elitist strategy is used to guarantee of best individual survive. 3 SOLVED OBJECTIVE

There are six base transceiver station (BTS) on the area, witch location is fixed. The area is divided into 15 times 10 sub areas by the calculating net (see on Fig. 1). Each of those six BTS can radiates by 8 level of emitted power (the smallest value is zero - BTS is not

transmitted, highest value is 50W) on one of two radio cannels.

BTS 6

BTS 5

BTS 4

y BTS 1 BTS 2 BTS 3

Fig. 1:

The computational net of solved task.

Radio signal propagation is modeled by one ray approach. Geometric spreading is the only factor of attenuation the power and it follows an inverse square law with distance (1) [1].
Pr =

(2kL )2 W

Pe D

(1)

Where Pr and Pe are received and emitted power, k is the wave number, L is distance from the source, D is directivity factor of source antenna and W is attenuation factor. 4bits define each BTS. One of them carries information about radio channel and remaining 3 bits carry information about emitted power. It means that 4*6=24 bits can describe every state of solved problem. These 24 bits create the chromosome. Total number of states is 2 24 = 16.777,216 . The criterion of optimization is the highest signal to noise ratio on either first or second radio channel (see on error function (2)).
Q= 1 X Y [max(SNR 1 (x, y ), SNR 2 (x, y ))] X Y x =1 y =1

(2)

SNR1 and SNR2 represent signal to noise ratio on first or second radio channel in the location (x, y).
SNR n = signal n ,k 6 signal n ,i signal n ,k + noise i =1

(3)

Signaln,k is the strongest signal. Signals from other sources cause interference. It was choused 12 individuals in population; number of generation was fixed at 80. The proportionate selection was used. The probability of crossover was set up to 95%, while the probability of mutation to 5%. Elitist strategy was used to decreasing of quality function prevent. There are displayed interesting solutions and their value of quality function on figure 2. Figure 3 displays evolution of best individual quality at five attempts.

Fig. 2: Signal to noise ratio of the samples of individual. Radio channel 1 is on the left. Radio channel 2 is on the right. Quality of these individuals (from the top): 1st: 8.2772dB, 2nd: 7.1600dB, 3rd: 3.3187dB, 4th: 8.6765dB.

Fig. 3:

Evolution of quality of the best individual from population and average quality of the all population.

Fig. 4:

Signal to noise ratio of the best solution.

On the bottom there is showed average value of quality function of all generation at the last attempt. 4 CONCLUSION

Part of radio network with contains six base transceiver stations was optimized to maximal signal to noise ratio. Only 2 of 5 attempts were converged to best solution in 80th generation at 12 individuals in population. Increasing number of individuals or generations can improve this statistic, but high complexity of computing was the greatest limitation of optimization. One run of optimization took a lot of time, although there were only 15x10 calculating points in this simply case. Minimization of computing algorithm will be necessary for solving the more complex objectives, which will contain lot of calculating points. References [1] Siwiak, K.: Radiowave Propagation and Antennas for Personal Communications, London, Artech House Boston 1995, ISBN 0-89006-755-4. [2] ernohorsk, D., Novek, Z. aj.: Elektromagnetick vlny a veden, Brno, FEI VUT Brno, 1999. [3] ernohorsk, D., Raida Z., kvor Z., Novek, Z.: Analza a optimalizace mikrovlnch struktur, Brno, FEI VUT Brno, 1999, ISBN 80-214-1512-6.