NOTE: NoOWs ~ NN ASSIGNMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS. BBA (Hons) part - IV, 2" semester 7) of ) Instructor: Fiza Qureshi SS if bbw 2cafgeli/i se . Assignment consists of brief summary and ppt slides (hard copy) of each topic and case study. . Assignment has two sections. Sections A consists of IB’s Topics and section B consists of case studies. The assignment should be submitted in Group which should consist of not more than four members Work of each member should be mentioned in assignment. . Copied material will be rejected. . Section A consist of 10 topics and Section B consist of 10 case studies. . Each assignment should be different and unique from others and individuals’ effort must be shown in it. . Section A part is included in final term examination. 9. Assignment carries 15 marks to each group member. SECTION A CONSISTS OF FOLLOWING TOPICS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND WTO. WTO AND GATT TRADE LIBERALIZATION ANTI-DUMPING DUTIES AND TRADE PROTECTIONISM EURO VS US DOLLAR SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES CURRENCY CRISIS GOLD AS GLOBAL COUNTRY RESERVE GLOBAL PRODUCTION AND LOGISTICS ROLE OF OPEC IN INTERNATIONAL TRADEeS ae PFIZER INC.: ITS GLOBAL SUCCESS Justin Paul and Festi Lova Pfizer Inc., a New York based firm, is now considered to be one of the world’s most admired pharmaceutical companies. The firm discovers, develops, manufactures and sells leading preseription medicines for human beings and animals. The firm's innovative and value added products lead ‘to_its success. The ‘company hag-three business segments: health care, animal health and consumer health care. Ges products are available in more than 150 countries; its medicines help about 150 million people a year worldwide. In 1849, Charles Pfizer and company started Pfizer as a fine chemicals company in New York and their first product was Santonin—a palatable ant parasitic, which was a great success. Pfizer began manufacturing citrie acid in 1880, which became the company's main product and the launching pad of it growth in the decades that followed. By 1899, the company became the leader in American chemical business and entered into the import-export business across the world. Charles Pfizer died in 1906. By 1910, the company’s sales reached US$ 3 million. In 1914, John Anderson was elected the first Chairman of Pfizer Inc. Alexander Fleming discovered the antibiotic properties of penicillin mould in 1928, which changed the course of Pfizer's future. In 1939, Pfizer succeeded in production of citric acid by fermenting sugar. With this, a pound of citric acid, which was costing $ 1.25 in 1919, tumbled to 20 cents, and Pfizer was widely recognized as a leader in fermentation technology. ao.402_International Business _ Pfizer succeeded in mass production of penicillin in 1944 and became the world’s largest producer of this ‘miracle drug’. These events became a turning point for Pfizer. John Mckeen, who was the man responsible for the transfor- mation of Pfizer into a global company, was elected President of the company in 1949. The very next year. Terramycin (Oxytetracyeline), a broad spectrum antibiotic, was produced, as a result of the company’s first discovery programme, which managed to get worldwide acceptance. In that year, the company began its, expansion into overseas markets and an international division was created. By 1951, Pfizer's operations were establishéd worldwide in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, England, Mexico, Panama and Puerto Rico. In 1952, the company established its Agricultural Division. In 1953, .B. Roerig & Co. became a division of Pfizer. By 1955, Pfizer was successful in opening a fermentation plant in England, laying the foundation of its R&D operations in Great Britain. In the same year, the company partnered with Japan’s Taito to manufacture and distribute antibiotics. Pfizer acquired full ownership of Taito in 1983. By 1971, a Central Research Division was established, combining pharma- ceutical, agricultural and chemical R&D worldwide. Later, it became the research centre for three continents, By 1972, Pfizer crossed the billion dollar sales threshold. John Mckeen died in 1978. By 1980, Feldene (Piroxicam) became one of the largest selling anti-inflammatory drug in the world and it was Pfizer's first product to reach a total of a billion US dollar in sales. In 1989, the company launched Procardia XL (Nifedipine) extended release tablets, an innovative once-a-day medicament for angina and hypertension. In 1993, Pfizer's ‘Sharing the Care’, the industry’s premier drug donation programme, was launched. The programme aimed mainly at the low income and uninsured patients. By 1994, Pfizer's R&D investment topped $ 1 billion annually, In 1995, Pfizer's Animal Health division purchased Smithkline Beecham’s animal health business, making Pfizer a world leader in development and production of medicaments for animals. Pfizer was ranked “the World’s Most Admired Pharmaceuticals” by the Fortune magazine in 1997. Pfizer launched Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate)’ a break- through treatment for erectile dysfunction in the year 1998. Today, Viagra is used for the treatment of a number of diseases. The company’s, R&D investment reached $ 2.5 billion. Pfizer & Edna MeConell Clark Foundation partnered to establish the International Trachoma Initiative to help eliminate blinding trachoma in the same year. In 1999, Pfizer celebrated its 150th anniversary. Forbes magazine declared it “The Company of Year”. Today, Pfizer is one of the world’s premier pharmaceutical companies. In 2000, Pfizer & Warner-Lambert agreed on a $90-billion merger to form the new Pfizer, which would make Pfizer the world’s fastest growing major pharma company in the coming decades. Pfizer was named as “One of the 25 Global Most Admired All Stars” by the Fortune magazine. In 2002, the company introduced “The Pfizer for Living™ Share Card” ,Programme aiming to improve the health cart of low income Americans. The ast naa Pfizu stra Agai mag Lea: selec inde furtl inerc for 1 has Sane Calif intro stepy dedic innoy aspir and ———_- —