INSTITUTUL NAIONAL DE STATISTIC

Coordonator al ediiei: Prof. Univ. Dr. Vergil VOINEAGU - Preedinte Colectivul de coordonare a lucrrii: Dr. Cristian Nicolae STNIC, Betrix GERD, Gabriel JIFCU, Ilie DUMITRESCU, Adriana CIUCHEA, Gheorghe VAIDA-MUNTEAN, Doina BADEA

Colectivul de elaborare a capitolelor Anuarului: Adriana CIUCHEA, Ion FLORESCU, Daniela TEFNESCU, Dr. tefan TRIC, Silvia PISIC, Andreea CAMBIR, Georgeta Marinela ISTRATE, Mihai GHEORGHE, Maria Ioana NICOLA, Constantin MNDRICELU, Nina ALEXEVICI, Virginia BALEA, Lucia Cecilia SINIGAGLIA, Florentina GHEORGHE.

Colectivul de design i editare: Ilie DUMITRESCU, Doina BADEA, Lavinia POPESCU, Vitty-Cristian CHIRAN, Rodica-Elena SOLOVSTRU, Gabriela Melania PODBERECHI, Minodora RDULESCU, Elena TUDOR, Genia MIHOC, Mihaela Elena TEFAN, Gabriela ZAGALCA, Laura ENACHE, Valentina MUNTEANU, Lenua POPESCU, Daniela BUCUR, Daniela POPESCU.

Responsabil de lucrare: Doina BADEA Responsabil de CD-ROM: Rodica-Elena SOLOVSTRU Editare CD: Laura ENACHE, Lenua POPESCU Coperta: Alexandru POPESCU

INSTITUTUL NAIONAL DE STATISTIC

B-dul Libertii 16, sector 5, Bucureti Telefon: 318.18.71; 317.77.70 Fax: 312.48.75 e-mail: romstat@insse.ro http://www.insse.ro

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ISSN 1841 - 5431 ISSN - L1220 - 3246

INS 2011

CUVNT NAINTE
O nou ediie a Anuarului Statistic al Romniei - serii de timp se afl acum la dispoziia dumneavoastr. Este o ediie cuprinztoare i relevant, n linia celor aprute n ultimii ani, avnd ca factor comun preocuparea noastr de a rspunde exigenelor mereu crescute ale cititorilor doritori s primeasc, ntr-un format prietenos i uor de consultat, sinteza informaiilor statistice privind evoluia multisectorial economic i social a rii, nu ca o entitate izolat, ci privit n contextul lumii contemporane, o lume caracterizat prin interconectarea, cu o dinamic tot mai accentuat la nivel global, a tuturor fenomenelor demografice, economice, sociale i de mediu. Este o lume n care rolul i locul statisticii a devenit mereu mai pregnant i mai recunoscut ca singura surs oficial de date viabile pe care se pot cldi politicile de dezvoltare, fie acestea la nivel comunitar, n cazul Uniunii Europene, la nivel naional sau regional. Nu ntmpltor, Anuarul Statistic al Romniei - serii de timp ediia 2010 iese de sub tipar la doar patru luni dup ce importana statisticii n viaa societii planetare a fost consacrat prin srbtorirea, practic, n toate statele lumii, la 20 octombrie 2010, pentru prima dat, a Zilei Mondiale a Statisticii. Multe pasaje din mesajul transmis cu aceast ocazie de secretarul general al ONU, cea mai cuprinztoare organizaie internaional, cred c pot fi aezate, fr a grei, ca deschidere a publicaiei pe care v-o oferim acum. Statisticile ating toate aspectele vieii moderne. Ele substaniaz numeroasele decizii ale autoritilor publice, ale ntreprinderilor, ale colectivitilor. Ele ne informeaz asupra tendinelor i forelor care ne influeneaz viaa. Realizate cu ajutorul anchetelor i cercetrilor exhaustive sau selective, statisticile sunt indispensabile dezvoltrii economice i sociale, cu condiia ca datele lor s fie reunite i analizate. Acestui deziderat i rspunde plenar Anuarul, publicaia fanion a oricrei statistici naionale demn de acest nume, prin volumul, calitatea i maniera sistematic de prezentare a informaiilor. Ediia 2010 a Anuarului Statistic al Romniei - serii de timp, care v st acum la dispoziie, constituie cel mai convingtor argument. Persoana nvestit cu autoritatea de a elabora i decide n spaiul economic sau social, omul politic, omul de afaceri, exponenii mediului universitar academic, dasclii i discipolii lor, cercettorul aplecat asupra nelegerii mecanismelor profunde ale evoluiei societii, simplul cititor stpnit de curiozitatea de a cunoate, mai profund i mai temeinic, devenirea rii n care triete, gsesc n paginile Anuarului, datele statistice de care fiecare are nevoie pentru a-i contura, clarifica i optimiza proiectele, pentru a emite opiuni i soluii, n cunotin de cauz, asupra deciziilor eseniale, pentru propriul destin, pentru destinul comunitii din care face parte, pentru destinul rii. Ca i ediiile care l-au precedat, Anuarul Statistic al Romniei - serii de timp ediia 2010 rspunde, totodat, integral, asumrii standardelor i normelor internaionale, n primul rnd celor ale Uniunii Europene, pe care statistica oficial din ara noastr le-a asimilat nc din momentul aderrii. Din considerente de volum, toate informaiile gsesc exclusiv n formatul pe CD-ROM al publicaiei, valorificnd astfel posibilitile, mult mai generoase, pe care le ofer suportul electronic, pentru tezaurizarea unui volum sporit de informaii pe un spaiu restrns i, nu n ultimul rnd, cu mult mai puine costuri i cu posibilitatea ca informaiile s poat fi preluate, fr eforturi de transcriere, pentru inserarea n diferite studii i analize. Concluzionnd, consider c ediia 2010 a Anuarului Statistic al Romniei - serii de timp constituie o bun pledoarie pentru literatura statistic romneasc i literatura statistic i economic n general, satisfacia cititorului fiind, n ultim instan, rsplata cuvenit statisticienilor pentru eforturile pe care, cu devoiune i profesionalism, le aaz ca piatr de temelie a activitii lor.

Prof. univ. dr. Vergil VOINEAGU, Preedintele Institutului Naional de Statistic

SINTEZA CUPRINSULUI

Not metodologic general Prescurtri folosite pentru unitile de msur Simboluri folosite 1. Geografie, meteorologie i mediu nconjurtor 2. Populaie 3. Piaa forei de munc 4. Veniturile, cheltuielile i consumul populaiei 5. Locuine i utiliti publice 6. Securitate i asisten social 7. Sntate 8. Educaie 9. Cultur i sport 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Preuri Conturi naionale Investiii i imobilizri corporale tiin, tehnologie i inovare Agricultur i silvicultur Activitatea ntreprinderii Industrie i construcii Transporturi, pot i telecomunicaii Comer internaional Comer interior i servicii de pia Turism Finane Justiie Statistic internaional

NOT METODOLOGIC GENERAL

GENERAL METHODOLOGICAL NOTE

1. Cadrul legal privind activitatea statistic este statuat prin Ordonana Guvernului nr. 9/1992 republicat, cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare. n Ordonan se regsesc contextul i prevederile care definesc elementele constitutive ale procesului statistic, respectiv, culegerea, prelucrarea, analiza i constituirea seriilor de date statistice oficiale, cu caracter demografic, social, economic, financiar i juridic, precum i principiile fundamentale care stau la baza funcionrii statisticii oficiale n Romnia. Statistica oficial n Romnia este organizat i coordonat de Institutul Naional de Statistic, organ de specialitate al Administraiei Publice Centrale, n subordinea Guvernului, finanat de la bugetul de stat. Institutul Naional de Statistic este autorizat s solicite i s obin cu titlu gratuit datele i informaiile statistice de la toate persoanele, fizice sau juridice, care dein capital sub orice form sau desfoar activitate de orice fel pe teritoriul Romniei. Principiile pe care se ntemeiaz activitatea statistic, n deplin concordan cu principiile fundamentale privind funcionarea statisticii ntr-o societate democratic, adoptate pe plan internaional, constau n: autonomie, confidenialitate a datelor individuale, transparen, relevan, proporionalitate, deontologie statistic i raport cost/eficien. Att contextul general, ct i principiile de funcionare a statisticii, precum i producerea de date statistice de calitate, armonizate cu normele i standardele Uniunii Europene, confer rezultatelor activitii statistice garania satisfacerii cerinelor utilizatorilor de date statistice. 2. Sursele de date statistice. Datele prezentate n Anuarul statistic sunt rezultatul a dou categorii de surse: cercetrile statistice exhaustive sau prin sondaj cuprinse n Programul Statistic Anual (PSA); surse administrative. 3. Programul Statistic Naional Anual (PSNA) reprezint instrumentul de baz prin care Institutul Naional de Statistic i ceilali productori de statistici oficiale sunt autorizai s realizeze colectarea, stocarea, procesarea, analiza i diseminarea datelor statistice oficiale, n vederea asigurrii informaiilor necesare utilizatorilor interni, precum i a celor ce decurg din legislaia Uniunii Europene i din recomandrile altor organizaii internaionale.

1. The legal framework concerning the statistical activity is represented by Government Ordinance no. 9/1992, republished with its further amendments and completions. The Ordinance includes the context and the provisions defining the constitutive elements of the statistical process, namely: collection, processing, analysing and compiling official statistical data series, of demographic, social, economic, financial and juridical nature, as well as the fundamental principles on which the functioning of official statistics in Romania is defined. In Romania, the official statistics is organised and coordinated by the National Institute of Statistics, specialised body of central public administration, subordinated to Government and financed from the state budget. The National Institute of Statistics is entrusted to ask for and to obtain, free of charge, statistical data and information from all natural and legal persons, owing any type of capital or developing any kind of activity on Romanias territory. The principles on which statistical activity are based, fully compliant with the fundamental principles related to statistics functioning in a democratic society, adopted al international level, consists in: autonomy, individual data confidentiality, transparency, relevance, proportionality, statistical deontology and cost effectiveness. Both the general context and the principles of statistics functioning, as well as the production of statistical data of high quality, compliant with the European Unions norms and standards confer the statistical activity results the guarantee of meeting the statistical data users requirements. 2. Statistical data sources. The data presented within the Statistical Yearbook result from two data sources categories: exhaustive or sample statistical surveys, included in the Annual Statistical Programme (ASP); administrative sources. 3. The Yearly National Statistical Programme (YNSP) represents the basic tool by means of which the National Institute of Statistics and the other producers of official statistics are authorized to carry out the collection, storage, processing, analysis and dissemination of official statistical data, in order to provide the information necessary to domestic users, as well as those resulting from the legislation of European Union and from the recommendations of other international organizations.

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Programul Statistic Naional Anual cuprinde informaii, responsabiliti, resurse i termene de realizare, cu privire la: cercetri statistice; lucrri de sintez, studii i analize statistice; publicaii statistice. Programul Statistic Naional Anual se avizeaz de Consiliul Statistic Naional i se aprob prin hotrre a Guvernului. 4. Cercetarea statistic reprezint o lucrare complex de culegere, prelucrare, analiz i diseminare a datelor cu privire la starea i evoluia fenomenelor i proceselor economice i sociale. Cercetarea statistic se realizeaz pe baz de proiecte n care sunt definite concepte generale, scopul cercetrii i instrumentarul statistic ce st la baza acesteia (modul de organizare a cercetrii; chestionarul, clasificrile, nomenclatoarele, normele, instruciunile etc.). Potrivit criteriului sferei de cuprindere, datele din Anuarul statistic au fost determinate pe baza a dou tipuri de cercetri statistice: Cercetare statistic exhaustiv (total). n cadrul acestui tip de cercetare datele sunt nregistrate de la toate unitile populaiei statistice, denumit i colectivitate statistic, bine delimitat. Populaia statistic desemneaz totalitatea elementelor supuse observrii statistice, de aceeai natur, asemntoare sau omogene din punctul de vedere al anumitor criterii. Prin astfel de cercetri statistice exhaustive se obin rezultate detaliate n diferite structuri administrative, geografice, grupri pe activiti potrivit Clasificrii Activitilor din Economia Naional (CAEN) etc. Cele mai cunoscute cercetri exhaustive sunt recensmintele populaiei i locuinelor, recensmntul produselor i serviciilor industriale, recensmntul general agricol. Cercetare statistic prin sondaj. n cadrul acestui tip de cercetare, datele sunt nregistrate doar de la o parte a populaiei statistice, numit eantion. Eantionul este determinat pe baza criteriilor de reprezentativitate, prin utilizarea unor metode probabiliste, ale cror rezultate sunt extinse la ntreaga populaie statistic. 5. Sursele administrative reprezint sursele de eviden organizate i deinute de organisme ale administraiei publice sau non-guvernamentale pentru alte scopuri dect cele statistice. Sunt utilizate numai acele surse care au un potenial adecvat cerinelor statistice i corespund rigorilor tiinifice de sfer de cuprindere, calitate i completitudine care le fac utilizabile i n scopuri statistice. Folosirea acestor surse de date i informaii n scopuri statistice se realizeaz fie direct, ca date de baz (asimilate datelor statistice), fie prin prelucrri i adaptri corespunztoare pentru a satisface cerinele de calitate, comparabilitate i

The Yearly National Statistical Programme includes information, responsibilities, resources and deadlines, regarding: statistical surveys, synthesis papers, statistical studies and analyses, statistical publications. The Yearly National Statistical Programme is endorsed by the National Statistical Council and it is approved by Government decision. 4. The statistical survey is a complex activity of collection, processing, analysis and dissemination of data related to the economic and social phenomena situation and dynamics. The statistical survey is carried out based on projects, where the general concepts, the survey purpose and the statistical tools on which it is based are defined (survey organisation: questionnaire, classifications, nomenclatures, norms, guidelines a.s.o.). According to the coverage criterion, the data included in the Statistical Yearbook were determined based on two statistical surveys types: Exhaustive (total) statistical survey. Under this type of survey, data are recorded from all statistical population units, called statistical collectivity, which is well defined. The statistical population represents all the elements subject to statistical observation, of the same nature, similar or homogenous from certain criteria standpoint. Based on such exhaustive statistical surveys, detailed results are obtained in various administrative and geographical structures, by group of activities according to the Classification of Activities of National Economy (CANE) a.s.o. The most well-known exhaustive surveys are population and housing censuses, industrial products and services census, general agricultural census. Sample statistical survey. Under this type of survey, data are recorded only from part of the statistical population, called sample. The sample is determined based on representativeness criteria, by using probabilistic methods, whose results are further extended to the whole statistical population.

5. Administrative sources means the evidence sources organised and managed by public administration or non-governmental bodies, for other purposes than the statistical ones. Only the sources with an appropriate potential for statistical requirements and scientific rigour concerning coverage, quality and completeness making them also usable for statistical purposes are used. The use of these data and information sources for statistical purposes is achieved either directly, as basic data (assimilated to statistical data), or after appropriate processing and adaptation, in view to meet quality, comparability and coherence

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coeren, fie pentru reconciliere i validarea datelor statistice obinute n urma cercetrilor statistice. 6. Sfera de cuprindere a datelor. Datele prezentate n Anuar caracterizeaz ansamblul economiei naionale, cu excepia cazurilor cnd, prin notele specifice care prefaeaz fiecare capitol al Anuarului, se precizeaz altfel. 7. Mrimile statistice folosite: n Anuar sunt prezentate, cu precdere, date absolute i date relative (indici, ponderi, indicatori de intensitate etc.). Indicatorul statistic este expresia numeric a unor fenomene, procese, activiti sau categorii economice sau sociale, manifestate n timp, spaiu i structuri. Indicele este un raport ntre valori ale aceleiai variabile nregistrate n uniti de timp sau teritoriale diferite. Indicii statistici utilizai n Anuar sunt: Indicele Laspeyres este o medie aritmetic ponderat a indicilor individuali ai aceleiai variabile; ponderile utilizate sunt cele din perioada de baz; Indicele Paasche este o medie aritmetic ponderat a indicilor individuali ai aceleiai variabile, ponderile utilizate fiind din perioada curent. Unitatea statistic este un obiect al cercetrii i purttor al caracteristicilor statistice urmrite prin program. Unitatea de observare este acea entitate de la care/pentru care sunt colectate date i informaii primare, pe baza creia se construiesc statistici. Unitatea de raportare este entitatea care furnizeaz datele i informaiile primare n cadrul unei cercetri statistice. Unitatea cu personalitate juridic reprezint entitatea (ntreprinderea, societatea comercial, asociaia, instituia bugetar, organizaia fr scop patrimonial etc.) care desfoar o activitate economic, are contabilitate proprie i ia decizii n exercitarea funciei principale. Unitatea fr personalitate juridic reprezint o persoan, o gospodrie, o familie, o asociaie sau orice alt entitate ce nu dispune de autonomie de decizie n exercitarea funciei principale. 8. Datele n preuri curente se refer la volumul produciei, veniturilor, cheltuielilor sau valoarea produselor, serviciilor etc. exprimate n preurile anului curent. Valorile din diferite perioade n preuri curente nu sunt direct comparabile i, n consecin, nu pot fi utilizate la calculul indicilor fr a fi, n prealabil, deflatate cu indicii de preuri corespunztori.

requirements, or for reconciliation and validation of statistical data obtained from statistical surveys. 6. Coverage. The data presented within the Statistical Yearbook characterise the whole national economy, except cases where specific notes that preface each chapter of the Yearbook stipulates otherwise.

7. Statistical measures used: The Yearbook mainly presents absolute and relative data (indices, weights, propensity indicators a.s.o.). The statistical indicator is the numerical expression of certain phenomena, processes, activities or economic and social categories, manifested over time, area and structures. The index is a ratio between values of the same variables recorded in various time or territorial units. The statistical indices used within the Yearbook are: Laspeyres index - weighted arithmetic mean of individual indices of the same variable; the used weights refer to the base period; Paasche index - weighted arithmetic mean of individual indices of the same variable; the used weights refer to current period. The statistical unit is subject to the survey and bearer of the statistical characteristics observed through the programme. The observation unit is the entity from/for which primary data and information are collected, based on which statistics are compiled. The reporting unit is the entity supplying primary data and information under a statistical survey. The unit with legal status in the entity (enterprise, commercial company, association, budgetary institution, non-profit organisation a.s.o.) carrying out an economic activity, with own bookkeeping and taking decisions when exercising its main function. The unit without legal status is a natural person, a household, a family, an association or any other entity without decisional autonomy when exercising its main function. 8. Data expressed in current prices refer to the volume of production, income or expenses or to the value of products, services a.s.o., expressed in the current year prices. The values expressed in current prices corresponding to various periods are not directly comparable and, as consequence, cannot be used for indices compilation without being previously deflated with the corresponding price indices.

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9. Formele de proprietate sunt: proprietate majoritar de stat - cuprinde capitalul integral de stat, public, de interes naional i local i mixt, unde statul deine 50% i peste din capitalul social; proprietate majoritar privat - cuprinde capitalul integral privat, mixt, n care peste 50% din capitalul social este privat, capital integral strin, cooperatist i obtesc. Tot aici sunt cuprinse i activitile desfurate de ctre persoanele fizice i/sau gospodriile populaiei. 10. Clasificri i nomenclatoare. Sunt principalele instrumente care fac posibil structurarea dup criterii obiective i corecte a unitilor statistice, a proceselor i fenomenelor observate. Clasificrile utilizate n Anuar, potrivit diferitelor scopuri sau diferitelor domenii de activitate, sunt: Clasificarea Activitilor din Economia Naional (CAEN) reprezint un sistem coordonat i coerent de grupare, dup criterii tiinifice de omogenitate, a datelor referitoare la unitile statistice. n Anuar este utilizat versiunea actualizat a CAEN, respectiv CAEN Rev. 2, implementat prin Ordinul nr. 337 / 2007 al Preedintelui Institutului Naional de Statistic, publicat n Monitorul Oficial nr. 293 / 2007 i revizuit n Monitorul Oficial nr. 403/2008. CAEN Rev. 2 respect standardele europene, fiind total armonizat cu Nomenclatorul Activitilor din Comunitatea European NACE Rev. 2. Structura CAEN Rev. 2 este urmtoarea: Seciuni - codificate printr-o liter; Diviziuni - codificate prin dou cifre; Grupe - codificare prin trei cifre; Clase - codificate prin patru cifre. Pentru interpretarea corect a structurii datelor potrivit CAEN Rev. 2, n Anexa nr. 1 a Notei metodologice generale se prezint clasificarea la nivelul seciunilor i diviziunilor. De asemenea, n Anuar este utilizat i versiunea CAEN Rev. 1, implementat prin Ordinul nr. 601/2002 al Preedintelui Institutului Naional de Statistic, n conformitate cu Hotrrea Guvernului Romniei nr. 656/1997. CAEN Rev. 1 este total armonizat cu Nomenclatorul Activitilor din Comunitatea European NACE Rev. 1.1. Structura CAEN Rev. 1 este urmtoarea: Seciuni - codificate printr-o liter; Subseciuni - codificate prin dou litere; Diviziuni - codificate prin dou cifre; Grupe - codificare prin trei cifre; Clase - codificate prin patru cifre.

9. Ownership types: state majority ownership - comprises integral state, public, national and local interest and mixed capital, where the states own 50% or more of the social capital; private majority ownership - comprises integral private or mixed capital, where over 50% of the social capital is private, integral foreign or co-operative and community capital. The activities carried out by natural persons and/or population households are also included here. 10. Classifications and nomenclatures. These are the main tools allowing for the structuring of observed processes and phenomena according to objective and accurate criteria related to statistical units. The classifications used within the Yearbook, according to various purposes or fields of activity are: The Classification of Activities of National Economy (CANE) is a coordinated and coherent system for grouping, according to scientific criteria related to homogeneity, the data referring to statistical units. The updated version of CANE is used in the Yearbook, respectively CANE Rev. 2, implemented through the Order no. 337/2007 of the National Institute of Statistics President, published in the Official Journal no. 293/2007 and revised in the Official Journal no. 403/2008. CANE Rev. 2 observes the European standards, being fully compliant with the Nomenclature of Activities from the European Community NACE Rev. 2. The CANE Rev. 2 structure is the following: Sections - coded at one letter level; Divisions - coded at two digits level; Groups - coded at three digits level; Classes - coded at four digits level. In view to reach an accurate interpretation of data structure according to CANE Rev. 2, the Annex no. 1 to the General methodological note includes the classification at section and division level. At the same time, the updated version is used within the Yearbook CANE Rev. 1, implemented based on Order no. 601/2002 of the President of the National Institute of Statistics, in accordance with Romanias Government Decision no. 656/1997. CANE Rev. 1 fully complies with the Nomenclature of Activities of the European Community NACE Rev. 1.1. The CANE Rev. 1 structure is the following: Sections - coded at one letter level; Sub-sections - coded at two letters level; Divisions - coded at two digits level; Groups - coded at three digits level; Classes - coded at four digits level.

n cuprinsul Anuarului, datele sunt prezentate, de regul, pe seciuni sau pe diviziuni CAEN. Pentru interpretarea corect a structurii datelor potrivit CAEN Rev. 1, n Anexa nr. 2 a Notei metodologice generale se prezint clasificarea la nivelul seciunilor i diviziunilor. Gruparea dup mrime a ntreprinderilor; Clasificarea produselor asociate activitilor utilizat de Uniunea European - CPA; Clasificarea produselor i serviciilor asociate activitilor - CPSA 2002; Clasificarea produselor i serviciilor asociate activitilor - CPSA 2008, aprobat prin Hotrrea de Guvern nr. 53/1999 i revizuit prin Ordinul Preedintelui Institutului Naional de Statistic nr. 605 / 15.X.2008. CPSA 2008 reprezint o detaliere a CAEN Rev. 2, prin ordonarea dup principiul omogenitii a tuturor familiilor de produse i servicii pe niveluri ierarhice succesive. CPSA 2008 asigur informaii pentru: satisfacerea cerinelor de agregare i detaliere a datelor referitoare la producia de bunuri i servicii; identificarea sistematizat a produselor i serviciilor din economia naional; compararea i interpretarea unitar a datelor statistice. CPSA 2008 este total armonizat cu Clasificarea Produselor Asociate Activitilor (CPA 2008) utilizat n cadrul UE. Clasificarea conine explicaii la nivelul diverselor entiti de clasificare n funcie de necesiti. PRODROM - Nomenclatorul de produse i servicii industriale elaborat de Institutul Naional de Statistic (INS) i utilizat pentru cercetri statistice privind producia industrial. Nomenclatorul PRODROM este armonizat cu lista PRODCOM utilizat n cadrul Uniunii Europene. Legtura CAEN Rev. 1 cu PRODROM este asigurat la nivel de patru cifre (clas), ntruct poziiile PRODROM au fost realizate prin detalierea subclaselor elementare CPSA 2002, iar legtura CAEN Rev. 2 cu PRODROM este asigurat la nivel de patru cifre (clas), ntruct poziiile PRODROM au fost realizate prin detalierea subclaselor elementare CPSA 2008. 11. Definirea activitilor. n practic, majoritatea unitilor de producie efectueaz activiti cu caracter mixt, respectiv activitate principal, activiti secundare i activiti auxiliare. Identificarea activitii secundare este necesar pentru a ncadra o unitate ntr-o anumit poziie din CAEN Rev. 1, respectiv CAEN Rev. 2.

Within the Yearbook, as a rule, data are presented by CANE section or division. In view to reach an accurate interpretation of data structure according to CANE Rev. 1, the Annex no. 2 to the General methodological note includes the classification at section and division level. Enterprises grouping by size; Classification of products associated to activities used by the European Union - CPA; Classification of products and services associated to activities - CPSA 2002; Classification of products and services associated to activities - CPSA 2008, adopted by the Government Decision no. 53/1999 and revised by the National Institute of Statistics President Order no. 605 / 15.10.2008) CPSA 2008 represents a detailed version of CANE Rev. 2, whose organisation relies on the principle of homogeneity of all families of products and services by successive hierarchical levels. CPSA 2008 classification provides information in order to: respond to the requirements of aggregation and detailed data regarding the production of goods and services; identify the products and services from our national economy; ensure the comparability of statistical data. CSPA 2008 classification is fully harmonised with Classification of Products Associated to Activities (CPA 2008) used in EU. The classification contains explanatory notes for various classification entities according to the necessities. PRODROM - the Nomenclature of industrial products and services drawn up by the National Institute of Statistics and used for statistical surveys on industrial production. The PRODROM nomenclature complies with the PRODCOM list used within the European Union. CANE Rev. 1 link with PRODROM is ensured at four digits level (class), since PRODROM headings were established by detailing elementary sub-classes of CPSA 2002, and the link of CANE Rev. 2 with PRODROM is ensured at four digits level (class), since PRODROM headings were established by detailing elementary sub-classes of CPSA 2008. 11. Activities definition. In practice, most of the production units carry out activities of mixed nature, namely main activity, secondary and ancillary activities. The identification of secondary activity is needed in view to frame a unit under a certain heading of CANE Rev. 1, respectively CANE Rev. 2.

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Activitatea principal, n sensul clasificrii, este identificat prin metoda ordinii descresctoare (de sus n jos). Ea reprezint acea activitate care contribuie n cea mai mare msur la valoarea adugat total a unitii luate n considerare. Activitatea secundar este orice alt activitate din cadrul unitii productoare de bunuri sau servicii. Activitatea auxiliar este o activitate conex, indispensabil funcionrii unei entiti, precum: contabilitate, transport, depozitare, achiziionare promovare, ntreinere i reparaie etc. 12. mprirea teritorial. Din punct de vedere al structurii teritoriale, datele din Anuar sunt prezentate la nivel naional (pe ntreaga ar), precum i pe diferite uniti teritoriale, n funcie de specificul indicatorilor. Unitile teritoriale, dup statutul lor, sunt administrative (comun, ora, ora-municipiu, jude) i non-administrative (macroregiune i regiune de dezvoltare). Pn n anul 1998, prin lucrrile i publicaiile statistice, s-au prelucrat i diseminat, de regul, doar date la nivel de jude, municipii, orae i comune. ncepnd din anul 1998, n structura teritorial i, ca urmare, n publicaiile statistice, au fost prezentate date i la nivelul regiunilor de dezvoltare. ncepnd cu ediia 2008, potrivit Legii nr. 315/2004 privind dezvoltarea regional n Romnia, n structura teritorial sunt prezentate date i la nivelul macroregiunilor, constituite conform Legii privind stabilirea nomenclatorului unitilor teritoriale statistice din Romnia i cerinelor Regulamentului CE nr. 1059/2003 al Parlamentului i al Consiliului European privind stabilirea unui nomenclator comun al unitilor teritoriale de statistic NUTS, publicat n Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene nr. L 154/2003. 13. Conform Legii nr. 348/14 iulie 2004 privind denominarea monedei naionale a Romniei (ncepnd cu data de 1 iulie 2005), seriile de date exprimate n valori absolute au fost recalculate n lei (RON). Un leu nou (RON) este egal cu 10000 lei vechi (ROL). Seriile de indici nu sunt afectate de denominare.

The main activity, in the sense of classification, is identified by top-down method. This is the activity contributing to the largest extent to the total value added of the concerned unit. The secondary activity is any other kind of activity carried out within the unit producing goods or services. The ancillary activity is an auxiliary activity, indispensable for the functioning of an entity, such as: bookkeeping, transport, storage, purchase, promotion, maintenance and repair a.s.o. 12.Territorial breakdown. From territorial structure standpoint, the data included in the Yearbook are presented at national level (for the whole country), as well as by various territorial unit, depending on indicators specific. According to their status, territorial units are either administrative (commune, town, townmunicipality, county) or non-administrative (macroregion and development region). Till 1998, within the statistical works and publications, only data at county, municipality, town and commune level were, as a rule, processed and disseminated. Beginning with 1998, according to the territorial structure, the statistical publications also included data at development regions level. Starting with 2008 edition, according to the Law no. 315/2004 on regional development in Romania, territorial structure also presents data at macroregional level, constituted according to the Law on setting up the nomenclature of statistical territorial units in Romania and to requirements of the EC Regulation no. 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding the setting up of a common nomenclature of statistical territorial units NUTS, published in Official Journal of European Union no. L 154/2003. 13. According to the Law no. 348/ July 14, 2004 on the process of national currency of Romania denomination (beginning with July 1, 2005), data series expressed in absolute values were recalculated in lei (RON). One leu (RON) is equivalent with 10000 former lei (ROL). Statistical indices series are not affected by denomination.

XII

GRUPAREA JUDEELOR, PE MACROREGIUNI I REGIUNI DE DEZVOLTARE COUNTIES GROUPING, BY MACROREGION AND DEVELOPMENT REGION

MACROREGIUNEA 1 / MACROREGION 1 MACROREGIUNEA 2 / MACROREGION 2

Satu Mare MARAMURE BOTOANI SUCEAVA Botoani Suceava IAI Iai

MACROREGIUNEA 3 / MACROREGION 3 MACROREGIUNEA 4 / MACROREGION 4

Nord - Vest North - West

SATU MARE

Baia Mare BISTRIA-NSUD

Zalu Oradea BIHOR Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca Trgu Mure HARGHITA Miercurea Ciuc Arad ARAD ALBA Alba Iulia Timioara Deva Sibiu TIMI HUNEDOARA Braov Focani Galai PRAHOVA Reia Trgu Jiu Rmnicu Vlcea SIBIU BRAOV COVASNA Sfntu Gheorghe BACU VASLUI SLAJ CLUJ MURE Bacu Bistria NEAM Piatra-Neam Vaslui

Nord - Est North - East

Centru Center

VRANCEA

GALAI

Vest West

ARGE
Trgovite Ploieti

BUZU
Buzu

Brila BRILA

Tulcea TULCEA

CARA-SEVERIN

Legend / Legend: Orae / Towns Municipii / Municipalities Reedine de jude / County residence Judee / Counties Regiuni de dezvoltare / Development regions

Drobeta Turnu Severin

GORJ

VLCEA

Piteti

DMBOVIA IALOMIA ILFOV Slobozia CLRAI CONSTANA

MEHEDINI
Slatina Craiova DOLJ Alexandria GIURGIU Giurgiu BUCURETI

Clrai Constana

Sud - Est South - East

OLT

TELEORMAN

Sud - Vest Oltenia South - West Oltenia

Sud - Muntenia South - Muntenia

Bucureti - Ilfov Bucharest - Ilfov

GRUPAREA JUDEELOR, PE MACROREGIUNI I REGIUNI DE DEZVOLTARE COUNTIES GROUPING, BY MACROREGION AND DEVELOPMENT REGION
Macroregiunea Macroregion MACROREGIUNEA UNU MACROREGION ONE Regiunea de dezvoltare Development region Nord - Vest North - West Judeul County Bihor Bistria-Nsud Cluj Maramure Satu Mare Slaj Alba Braov Covasna Harghita Mure Sibiu Bacu Botoani Iai Neam Suceava Vaslui Brila Buzu Constana Galai Tulcea Vrancea Arge Clrai Dmbovia Giurgiu Ialomia Prahova Teleorman Ilfov Municipiul Bucureti Bucharest Municipality Dolj Gorj Mehedini Olt Vlcea Arad Cara-Severin Hunedoara Timi

Centru Center

MACROREGIUNEA DOI MACROREGION TWO

Nord - Est North - East

Sud - Est South - East

MACROREGIUNEA TREI MACROREGION THREE

Sud - Muntenia South - Muntenia

Bucureti - Ilfov Bucharest - Ilfov MACROREGIUNEA PATRU MACROREGION FOUR Sud - Vest Oltenia South - West Oltenia

Vest West

Not: Datele statistice n profil teritorial sunt prezentate pe judee, conform Decretului - Lege nr. 2/1968 cu modificrile ulterioare, iar judeele au fost grupate pe regiuni de dezvoltare. Prin rectificarea aprut n Legea nr. 315/28.06.2004 privind dezvoltarea regional n Romnia, au fost redenumite trei regiuni, dup cum urmeaz: - Regiunea de dezvoltare Sud este redenumit Sud - Muntenia, - Regiunea de dezvoltare Sud - Vest este redenumit Sud - Vest Oltenia, - Regiunea de dezvoltare Bucureti este redenumit Bucureti - Ilfov. S-au constituit patru macroregiuni, conform Legii privind stabilirea nomenclatorului unitilor teritoriale statistice din Romnia i cerinelor Regulamentului CE nr. 1059/2003 al Parlamentului i al Consiliului European privind stabilirea unui nomenclator comun al unitilor teritoriale de statistic NUTS, publicat n Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene nr. L 154/2003.

Denumirile oficiale ale macroregiunilor sunt prezentate n tabele, n mod convenional, n expresie numeric.
Note: Statistical data at territorial level are presented by county, according to the Decree - Law no. 2/1968 further amended, while the counties were grouped by development region. Through the rectification introduced in Law no. 315/28.06.2004 on regional development in Romania, three regions were renamed, as follows: - The development region South is renamed South - Muntenia, - The development region South - West is renamed South - West Oltenia, - The development region Bucharest is renamed Bucharest - Ilfov. Four macroregions were constituted, according to the Law on setting up the nomenclature of statistical territorial units in Romania and to the requirements of the EC Regulation no. 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding the setting up of a common nomenclature of statistical territorial units NUTS, published in Official Journal of European Union no. L 154/2003.

The official names of the macroregions are presented in the tables, conventionaly, by numerical expression.

XIV

Anexa nr. 1 Annex no. 1 CLASIFICAREA ACTIVITILOR DIN ECONOMIA NAIONAL CAEN Rev. 2 (aprobat prin Ordinul nr. 337/20. IV. 2007 privind actualizarea Clasificrii activitilor din economia naional - CAEN, publicat n M.O. nr. 293/03. V.2007 i revizuit n M.O. nr. 403/29. V.2008) THE CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY CANE Rev. 2 (approved through Order no. 337/20. IV. 2007 on the classification of activities in the national economy - CANE updating, published in the Official Journal no. 293/03. V. 2007 and revised in the Official Journal no. 403/29. V. 2008)
Seciune Diviziune Denumire Section Division A 01 02 03 B 05 06 07 08 09 C 10 11 12 13 14 15 AGRICULTUR, SILVICULTUR I PESCUIT Agricultur, vntoare i servicii anexe Silvicultur i exploatare forestier Pescuitul i acvacultura INDUSTRIA EXTRACTIV Extracia crbunelui superior i inferior Extracia petrolului brut i a gazelor naturale Extracia minereurilor metalifere Alte activiti extractive Activiti de servicii anexe extraciei INDUSTRIA PRELUCRTOARE Industria alimentar Fabricarea buturilor Fabricarea produselor din tutun Fabricarea produselor textile Fabricarea articolelor de mbrcminte Tbcirea i finisarea pieilor; fabricarea articolelor de voiaj i marochinrie, harnaamentelor i nclmintei; prepararea i vopsirea blnurilor Prelucrarea lemnului, fabricarea produselor din lemn i plut, cu excepia mobilei; fabricarea articolelor din paie i din alte materiale vegetale mpletite Fabricarea hrtiei i a produselor din hrtie Tiprire i reproducerea pe supori a nregistrrilor Fabricarea produselor de cocserie i a produselor obinute din prelucrarea ieiului Fabricarea substanelor i a produselor chimice Fabricarea produselor farmaceutice de baz i a preparatelor farmaceutice Fabricarea produselor din cauciuc i mase plastice Fabricarea altor produse din minerale nemetalice Industria metalurgic Industria construciilor metalice i a produselor din metal, exclusiv maini, utilaje i instalaii Fabricarea calculatoarelor i a produselor electronice i optice Fabricarea echipamentelor electrice Fabricarea de maini, utilaje i echipamente n.c.a. Fabricarea autovehiculelor de transport rutier, a remorcilor i semiremorcilor Fabricarea altor mijloace de transport Fabricarea de mobil Alte activiti industriale n.c.a. Repararea, ntreinerea i instalarea mainilor i echipamentelor Description

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities Forestry and logging Fishing and aquaculture MINING AND QUARRYING Mining of coal and lignite Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas Mining of metal ores Other mining and quarrying Mining support service activities MANUFACTURING Manufacture of food products Manufacture of beverages Manufacture of tobacco products Manufacture of textiles Manufacture of wearing apparel Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of travel and leather goods, harness and footwear; preparation and dyeing of furs Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials Manufacture of paper and paper products Printing and reproduction of recorded media Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations Manufacture of rubber and plastic products Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products Manufacture of basic metals Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products Manufacture of electrical equipment Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers Manufacture of other transport equipment Manufacture of furniture Other manufacturing activities n.e.c. Repair, maintenance and installation of machinery and equipment

16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

XV

Seciune Diviziune Denumire Section Division D PRODUCIA I FURNIZAREA DE ENERGIE ELECTRIC I TERMIC, GAZE, AP CALD I AER CONDIIONAT Producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat DISTRIBUIA APEI; SALUBRITATE, GESTIONAREA DEEURILOR, ACTIVITI DE DECONTAMINARE Captarea, tratarea i distribuia apei Colectarea i epurarea apelor uzate Colectarea, tratarea i eliminarea deeurilor; activiti de recuperare a materialelor reciclabile Activiti i servicii de decontaminare CONSTRUCII Construcii de cldiri Lucrri de geniu civil Lucrri speciale de construcii COMER CU RIDICATA I CU AMNUNTUL; REPARAREA AUTOVEHICULELOR I MOTOCICLETELOR Comer cu ridicata i cu amnuntul, ntreinerea i repararea autovehiculelor i a motocicletelor Comer cu ridicata cu excepia comerului cu autovehicule i motociclete Comer cu amnuntul, cu excepia autovehiculelor i motocicletelor TRANSPORT I DEPOZITARE Transporturi terestre i transporturi prin conducte Transporturi pe ap Transporturi aeriene Depozitare i activiti auxiliare pentru transporturi Activiti de pot i de curier HOTELURI I RESTAURANTE Hoteluri i alte faciliti de cazare Restaurante i alte activiti de servicii de alimentaie INFORMAII I COMUNICAII Activiti de editare Activiti de producie cinematografic, video i de programe de televiziune; nregistrri audio i activiti de editare muzical Activiti de difuzare i transmitere de programe Telecomunicaii Activiti de servicii n tehnologia informaiei Activiti de servicii informatice INTERMEDIERI FINANCIARE I ASIGURRI Intermedieri financiare, cu excepia activitilor de asigurri i ale fondurilor de pensii Activiti de asigurri, reasigurri i ale fondurilor de pensii (cu excepia celor din sistemul public de asigurri sociale) Activiti auxiliare intermedierilor financiare, activiti de asigurare i fonduri de pensii

Description

ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND AIR CONDITIONING PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE, WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DECONTAMINATION ACTIVITIES Water catchment, treatment and distribution Used water collection and purification Waste collection, purification and disposal; activities of recycling materials recovery Activities and services of decontamination CONSTRUCTION Construction of buildings Civil engineering Specialised construction activities WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTORCYCLES Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE Land transport and transport via pipelines Water transport Air transport Warehousing and support activities for transportation Postal and courier activities HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS Hotels and other accommodation facilities Restaurants and other catering services INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION Publishing activities Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities Programming and broadcasting activities Telecommunications Computer programming, consultancy and related activities Information service activities FINANCIAL AND INSURANCE INTERMEDIATION Financial intermediation, except insurance and pension funding Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding (except compulsory social security) Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation, insurance activities and pension funds

35

36 37 38 39 F 41 42 43 G

45 46 47

H 49 50 51 52 53 I 55 56 J 58 59

60 61 62 63 K 64 65

66

XVI

Seciune Diviziune Denumire Section Division L 68 M 69 70 TRANZACII IMOBILIARE Tranzacii imobiliare ACTIVITI PROFESIONALE, TIINIFICE I TEHNICE Activiti juridice i de contabilitate Activiti ale direciilor (centralelor), birourilor administrative centralizate; activiti de management i de consultan n management Activiti de arhitectur i inginerie; activiti de testri i analiz tehnic Cercetare-dezvoltare Publicitate i activiti de studiere a pieei Alte activiti profesionale, tiinifice i tehnice Activiti veterinare ACTIVITI DE SERVICII ADMINISTRATIVE I ACTIVITI DE SERVICII SUPORT Activiti de nchiriere i leasing Activiti de servicii privind fora de munc Activiti ale ageniilor turistice i a tur-operatorilor; alte servicii de rezervare i asisten turistic Activiti de investigaii i protecie Activiti de peisagistic i servicii pentru cldiri Activiti de secretariat, servicii suport i alte activiti de servicii prestate n principal ntreprinderilor ADMINISTRAIE PUBLIC I APRARE; ASIGURRI SOCIALE DIN SISTEMUL PUBLIC Administraie public i aprare; asigurri sociale din sistemul public NVMNT nvmnt SNTATE I ASISTEN SOCIAL Activiti referitoare la sntatea uman Servicii combinate de ngrijire medical i asisten social, cu cazare Activiti de asisten social, fr cazare ACTIVITI DE SPECTACOLE, CULTURALE I RECREATIVE Activiti de creaie i interpretare artistic Activiti ale bibliotecilor, arhivelor, muzeelor i alte activiti culturale Activiti de jocuri de noroc i pariuri Activiti sportive, recreative i distractive

Description

REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES Real estate activities PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES Legal and accounting activities Activities of head offices; management consultancy activities Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis Scientific research and development Advertising and market research Other professional, scientific and technical activities Veterinary activities ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT SERVICE ACTIVITIES Rental and leasing activities Employment activities Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities Security and investigation activities Services to buildings and landscape activities Office administrative, office support and other business support activities PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE; COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY Public administration and defence; compulsory social security EDUCATION Education HUMAN HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK ACTIVITIES Human health activities Residential care activities Social work activities without accommodation ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION Creative, arts and entertainment activities Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities Gambling and betting activities Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities OTHER SERVICE ACTIVITIES Activities of membership organisations Repair of computers and personal and household goods Other personal service activities

71 72 73 74 75 N 77 78 79 80 81 82

O 84

P 85 Q 86 87 88 R 90 91 92 93

S 94 95 96

ALTE ACTIVITI DE SERVICII Activiti asociative diverse Reparaii de calculatoare, de articole personale i de uz gospodresc Alte activiti de servicii

XVII

Seciune Diviziune Denumire Section Division T ACTIVITI ALE GOSPODRIILOR PRIVATE N CALITATE DE ANGAJATOR DE PERSONAL CASNIC; ACTIVITI ALE GOSPODRIILOR PRIVATE DE PRODUCERE DE BUNURI I SERVICII DESTINATE CONSUMULUI PROPRIU Activiti ale gospodriilor private n calitate de angajator de personal casnic Activiti ale gospodriilor private de producere de bunuri i servicii destinate consumului propriu ACTIVITI ALE ORGANIZAIILOR I ORGANISMELOR EXTRATERITORIALE Activiti ale organizaiilor i organismelor extrateritoriale

Description

ACTIVITIES OF HOUSEHOLDS AS EMPLOYERS; UNDIFFERENTIATED GOODS AND SERVICESPRODUCING ACTIVITIES OF HOUSEHOLDS FOR OWN USE Activities of households as employers of domestic personnel Undifferentiated goods and services producing activities of private households for own use ACTIVITIES OF EXTRATERRITORIAL ORGANISATIONS AND BODIES Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies

97 98

U 99

XVIII

Anexa nr. 2 Annex no. 2 CLASIFICAREA ACTIVITILOR DIN ECONOMIA NAIONAL CAEN Rev. 1 (aprobat prin Ordinul nr. 601/26.XI.2002 aprut n M.O. nr. 908/13.XII.2002 privind actualizarea CAEN, aprobat prin H.G. nr.656/1997) THE CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY CANE Rev. 1 (approved through Order no. 601/26.XI.2002 published in the Official Journal no. 908/13.XII.2002 on CANE updating, approved by Government Decision no.656/1997)
Seciune Diviziune Denumire Section Division A 01 02 B 05 AGRICULTUR, VNTOARE, SILVICULTUR Agricultur, vntoare i servicii anexe Silvicultur, exploatare forestier i servicii anexe PESCUITUL I PISCICULTURA Pescuitul, piscicultura i serviciile anexe Description

AGRICULTURE, HUNTING AND FORESTRY Agriculture, hunting and related service activities Forestry, logging and related service activities FISHERY AND PISCICULTURE Fishing, operation of fish hatcheries and fish farms; service activities incidental to fishing MINING AND QUARRYING Mining of coal and lignite; extraction of peat Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas; service activities incidental to oil and gas extraction excluding surveying Mining of uranium and thorium ores Mining of metal ores Other mining and quarrying MANUFACTURING Manufacture of food products and beverages Manufacture of tobacco products Manufacture of textiles Manufacture of wearing apparel; dressing and dyeing of fur Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media Manufacture of coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products Manufacture of rubber and plastic products Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products Manufacture of basic metals Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. Manufacture of office machinery and computers Manufacture of electrical machinery and apparatus

C 10 11

INDUSTRIA EXTRACTIV Extracia i prepararea crbunelui Extracia hidrocarburilor i servicii anexe

12 13 14 D 15 16 17 18 19

Extracia i prepararea minereurilor radioactive Extracia i prepararea minereurilor metalifere Alte activiti extractive INDUSTRIA PRELUCRTOARE Industria alimentar i a buturilor Fabricarea produselor din tutun Fabricarea produselor textile Fabricarea articolelor de mbrcminte; aranjarea i vopsirea blnurilor Tbcirea i finisarea pieilor; fabricarea articolelor de voiaj i marochinrie, a harnaamentelor i nclmintei Fabricarea lemnului i a produselor din lemn i plut, cu excepia mobilei; fabricarea articolelor din mpletitur de pai i alte materiale vegetale Fabricarea celulozei, hrtiei i a produselor din hrtie Edituri, poligrafie i reproducerea pe supori a nregistrrilor Industria de prelucrare a ieiului, cocsificarea crbunelui i tratarea combustibililor nucleari Fabricarea substanelor i a produselor chimice Fabricarea produselor din cauciuc i mase plastice Fabricarea altor produse din minerale nemetalice Industria metalurgic Industria construciilor metalice i a produselor din metal, exclusiv maini, utilaje i instalaii Industria de maini i echipamente Industria de mijloace ale tehnicii de calcul i de birou Industria de maini i aparate electrice

20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

XIX

Seciune Diviziune Denumire Section Division

Description

32 33 34 35 36 37

Industria de echipamente pentru radio, televiziune i comunicaii Industria de aparatur i instrumente medicale, de precizie, optice i fotografice, ceasornicrie Industria mijloacelor de transport rutier Industria altor mijloace de transport n.c.a. Producia de mobilier i alte activiti industriale n.c.a. Recuperarea deeurilor i resturilor de materiale reciclabile

Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers Manufacture of other transport equipment n.e.c. Manufacture of furniture; manufacturing n.e.c. Recycling

E 40 41 F 45 G

ENERGIE ELECTRIC I TERMIC, GAZE I AP Producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze i ap cald Captarea, tratarea i distribuia apei CONSTRUCII Construcii COMERUL CU RIDICATA I CU AMNUNTUL, REPARAREA AUTOVEHICULELOR, MOTOCICLETELOR I A BUNURILOR PERSONALE I DE UZ GOSPODRESC Comer cu ridicata i cu amnuntul, ntreinerea i repararea autovehiculelor i a motocicletelor; comer cu amnuntul al carburanilor pentru autovehicule Comer cu ridicata i servicii de intermediere n comerul cu ridicata (cu excepia comerului cu autovehicule i motociclete) Comer cu amnuntul (cu excepia comerului cu autovehicule i motociclete); repararea bunurilor personale i gospodreti HOTELURI I RESTAURANTE Hoteluri i restaurante TRANSPORT, DEPOZITARE I COMUNICAII Transporturi terestre; transporturi prin conducte Transporturi pe ap Transporturi aeriene Activiti anexe i auxiliare de transport, activiti ale ageniilor de turism Pot i telecomunicaii INTERMEDIERI FINANCIARE Intermedieri financiare (cu excepia activitilor de asigurri i ale caselor de pensii) Activiti de asigurri i ale caselor de pensii (cu excepia celor din sistemul public de asigurri sociale) Activiti auxiliare intermedierilor financiare

ELECTRICITY, GAS AND WATER SUPPLY Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply Collection, purification and distribution of water CONSTRUCTION Construction WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES, MOTORCYCLES AND PERSONAL AND HOUSEHOLD GOODS Sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; retail sale of automotive fuel Wholesale trade and commission trade (except of motor vehicles and motorcycles) Retail trade (except of motor vehicles and motorcycles); repair of personal and household goods HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS Hotels and restaurants TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATION Land transport; transport via pipelines Water transport Air transport Supporting and auxiliary transport activities; activities of travel agencies Post and telecommunications FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION Financial intermediation (except insurance and pension funding) Insurance and pension funding (except compulsory social security) Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation

50

51

52

H 55 I 60 61 62 63 64 J 65 66 67

XX

Seciune Diviziune Denumire Section Division K TRANZACII IMOBILIARE, NCHIRIERI I ACTIVITI DE SERVICII PRESTATE N PRINCIPAL NTREPRINDERILOR Tranzacii imobiliare nchirierea mainilor i echipamentelor, fr operator i a bunurilor personale i gospodreti Informatic i activiti conexe Cercetare-dezvoltare Alte activiti de servicii prestate n principal ntreprinderilor ADMINISTRAIE PUBLIC I APRARE; ASIGURRI SOCIALE DIN SISTEMUL PUBLIC Administraie public i aprare; asigurri sociale din sistemul public NVMNT nvmnt SNTATE I ASISTEN SOCIAL Sntate i asisten social ALTE ACTIVITI DE SERVICII COLECTIVE, SOCIALE I PERSONALE Eliminarea deeurilor i a apelor uzate; asanare, salubritate i activiti similare Activiti asociative diverse Activiti recreative, culturale i sportive Alte activiti de servicii personale ACTIVITI ALE PERSONALULUI ANGAJAT N GOSPODRII PARTICULARE Activiti ale personalului angajat n gospodrii personale Activiti desfurate n gospodrii private, de producere a bunurilor destinate consumului propriu Activiti ale gospodriilor private, de servicii pentru scopuri proprii ACTIVITI ALE ORGANIZAIILOR I ORGANISMELOR EXTRATERITORIALE Activiti ale organizaiilor i organismelor extrateritoriale

Description

REAL ESTATE, RENTING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES Real estate activities Renting of machinery and equipment without operator and of personal and household goods Computer and related activities Research and development Other business activities

70 71 72 73 74

L 75

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE; COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY Public administration and defence; compulsory social security EDUCATION Education HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK Health and social work OTHER COMMUNITY, SOCIAL AND PERSONAL SERVICE ACTIVITIES Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities Activities of membership organization n.e.c. Recreational, cultural and sporting activities Other service activities PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS WITH EMPLOYED PERSONS Private households with employed persons Private households activities producing self-consumption goods Private households services for own purposes EXTRA-TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATIONS AND BODIES Extra-territorial organizations and bodies

M 80 N 85 O 90 91 92 93 P 95 96 97

Q 99

XXI

PRESCURTRI FOLOSITE PENTRU UNITILE DE MSUR ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
U.M. M.U. mm m m2 m3 ha (10000 m2) km km2 microgr. mg g kg t tdw l dal hl W kW kWh = unitate de msur = measurement unit = milimetru = millimetre = metru = metre = metru ptrat = square metre = metru cub = cubic metre = hectar = hectare = kilometru = kilometre = kilometru ptrat = square kilometre = microgram = microgram = miligram = miligram = gram = gram = kilogram = kilogram = ton = tonne = ton deadweight = tonne deadweight = litru = litre = decalitru = decalitre = hectolitru = hectolitre = watt = watt = kilowatt = kilowatt = kilowatt - or = kilowatt - hour kVA MVA CP HP kcal Gcal kO '' ' h 0 nr. no. % mii thou mil. mill. mild. bn echiv. equiv. S.A. A.S. buc. pcs. per. garnit. = kilovoltamper = kilovoltamper = megavoltamper = megavoltamper = cal putere = horse power = kilocalorie = kilocalorie = gigacalorie = gigacalorie = kilooctet = kilooctet = secund = second = minut = minute = or = hour = grad = degree = numr = number = procent = percentage = mii = thousands (thou) = milion = million = miliard = billion = echivalent = equivalent = substan activ = active substance = bucat = pieces = pereche = pair = garnitur = set

SIMBOLURI FOLOSITE SYMBOLS USED - = nu este cazul

= data not applicable G = grafic = graph *) = date mai mici dect 0,5 = magnitude less than 0.5 **) = date mai mici dect 0,05 = magnitude less than 0.05 ***) = date mai mici dect 0,005 = magnitude less than 0.005

... = lips date

= data not available

~ = date nensumabile
= nontotalized data c = date confideniale = confidential data

XXII

GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIE I MEDIU NCONJURTOR

GEOGRAPHY, METEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Cercetarea statistic privind cheltuielile pentru protecia mediului, completat de operatori economici i unitile administraiei publice. Surse administrative: Institutul de Geografie Bucureti; Inspectoratul General al Poliiei de Frontier din cadrul Ministerului Administraiei i Internelor; Administraia Naional de Meteorologie; Ministerul Mediului i Pdurilor; Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului; Regia Naional a Pdurilor; Administraia Naional Apele Romne.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Statistical survey on environment protection expenditure, filled in by economic operators and public administration units. Administrative sources: Institute of Geography Bucharest; General Inspectorate of Border Police within the Ministry of Administration and Interior; National Administration of Meteorology; Ministry of Environment and Forests; National Agency for Environment Protection; National Company of Forests; National Administration Romanian Waters.

GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL

Prezentare Romnia este situat n centrul geografic al Europei (sud-estul Europei Centrale), la nord de Peninsula Balcanic, la jumtatea distanei dintre Coasta Atlanticului i Munii Ural, n interiorul i exteriorul arcului Munilor Carpai, pe cursul inferior al Dunrii (1075 km) i cu ieire la Marea Neagr. De altfel, paralela 45N cu meridianul 25E se intersecteaz n apropiere de centrul geometric al rii, la 100 km N-V de capitala rii, Bucureti. Cu o suprafa de 238391 km2, Romnia este a 12-a ar ca mrime a Europei. Ieirea la mare nlesnete legturile cu rile din bazinul Mrii Negre, bazinul Mrii Mediterane i, prin intermediul acesteia, cu restul lumii. Litoralul romnesc al Mrii Negre se desfoar pe 245 km, ntre grla Musura (grania cu Ucraina) i localitatea Vama Veche (grania cu Bulgaria). Relieful Romniei se compune din trei trepte majore: cea nalt a Munilor Carpai (cel mai nalt vrf Moldoveanu 2544 m), cea medie care corespunde Subcarpailor, dealurilor i podiurilor i cea joas, a cmpiilor, luncilor i Deltei Dunrii. Delta Dunrii, cea mai tnr unitate de relief, n continu formare, are altitudinea medie de 0,52 m. Caracteristicile principale ale unitilor de relief sunt proporionalitatea (31% muni, 36% dealuri i podiuri, 33% cmpii i lunci) i dispunerea concentric a treptelor majore ale reliefului. Clima Romniei este temperat-continental de tranziie, cu influene oceanice dinspre vest, mediteraneene dinspre sud-vest i continental-excesive din est. Temperatura medie multianual este difereniat latitudinal, respectiv 8C n nord i peste 11C n sud, i altitudinal, cu valori de -2,5C n etajul montan (Vrfu Omu - masivul Bucegi) i 11,6C n cmpie (oraul Zimnicea - judeul Teleorman).

GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVETERRITORIAL ORGANISATION

Description Romania is situated in the geographical centre of Europe (south-east of Central Europe) at the north of the Balkan Peninsula, at half the distance between Atlantic Coast and The Urals, inside and outside the Carpathians Arch, on the Danube lower course (1075 km) and has exit to the Black Sea. Otherwise, the 45N parallel with the 25E meridian intersects near the geometrical centre of the country, 100 km N-V of the country capital, Bucharest. Romania is the twelfth country of Europe, having an area of 238391 km2. The exit to the sea enables the connections with the countries in the Black Sea basin, in the Mediterranean Sea basin and, by means of this, rest of the world. Romanian seaside of the Black Sea is lying on 245 km, between Musura stream (at the border with Ukraine) and Vama Veche locality (at the border with Bulgaria). Romania's relief consists of three major levels: the highest one in the Carpathians (the highest peak Moldoveanu 2544 m), the middle one which corresponds to the Sub-Carpathians, to the hills and to the plateaus and the lowest one in plains, meadows and Danube Delta. The Danube Delta, the youngest relief unit under permanent formation, has the average height of 0.52 m. Main features of relief units are proportionality (31% mountains, 36% hills and plateaus, 33% plains and meadows) and concentric display of the relief major levels. Romanias climate is temperate-continental of transition, with oceanic influences from the West, Mediterranean ones from South-West and continentalexcessive ones from the East. Multiannual average temperature is latitudinally different, 8C in the North and over 11C in the South, and altitudinally, with values of -2.5C in the mountain floor (Omu peak - Bucegi massif) and 11.6C in the plain (Zimnicea town - Teleorman county).

Precipitaiile anuale scad n intensitate de la vest la est, respectiv de la peste 600 mm la mai puin de 500 mm n Cmpia Romn de Est, sub 450 mm n Dobrogea i circa 350 mm pe litoral, pentru ca n regiunile muntoase s ajung la 1000-1500 mm. Apele curgtoare ale Romniei sunt dispuse radial, marea majoritate avnd izvoarele n Carpai. Principalul colector al acestora este fluviul Dunrea, care strbate ara n partea sudic pe o lungime de 1075 km i se vars n Marea Neagr. Lacurile sunt reprezentate prin lacuri naturale (numeroase tipuri genetice) rspndite n toate unitile majore de relief, de la cele glaciare n etajul alpin (Lacul Mioarelor - Fgra la 2282 m) la limanele fluvio-maritime (Lacul Techirghiol la 1,5 m) i prin lacuri antropice, de asemenea n toate unitile de relief. Vegetaia este condiionat de relief i de elementele pedo-climatice, ntlnindu-se o dispunere etajat a acesteia. Regiunile montane sunt acoperite de pduri de conifere (ndeosebi molid), pduri de amestec (fag, brad i molid) i pduri de fag. Pe culmile mai nalte se afl pajiti alpine i tufriuri de jneapn, ienupr, afin, merior i altele. n regiunile de deal i de podi se ntlnesc pduri de foioase n care predomin fagul, gorunul sau stejarul; pe dealurile joase i cmpiile nalte, adesea, principalele specii care alctuiesc pdurile sunt cerul i grnia. Vegetaia de step i de silvostep, care ocupa ariile cu deficit de umiditate din Podiul Dobrogei, Cmpia Romn, Podiul Moldovei, Cmpia Banatului i Crianei, a fost, n cea mai mare parte, nlocuit prin culturi agricole. Fauna Romniei este grupat pe areale difereniate n funcie de biotopul fiecrei specii. n etajul alpin apar elemente relicte precum capra neagr i vulturul de munte. n pdurile carpatine triesc diferite mamifere: urs, cerb, rs, lup, mistre, cprior, veveri i un numr mare de specii de psri. n cteva regiuni muntoase se mai pstreaz cocoul de munte i cocoul de mesteacn; n regiunile de deal i cmpie sunt rspndite: iepurele, crtia, ariciul, diferite psri, oprle, batracieni .a.; pentru zonele de step sunt caracteristice roztoarele (popndul i hrciogul). Fauna acvatic este reprezentat ndeosebi prin pstrv n apele de munte (lostria, mai rspndit n trecut, a devenit destul de rar); clean i mrean n regiunile de deal; crap, biban, tiuc, somn, caras n cele de cmpie i Delta Dunrii; n apele marine teritoriale i pe Dunrea inferioar se ntlnesc i specii de sturioni. Resursele minerale utile ale Romniei sunt variate. Printre principalele resurse minerale utile pot fi menionate: petrolul, cu vechi tradiii de exploatare; gazele naturale; crbunii, n special huila cocsificabil,

Yearly precipitations decrease in intensity from west to east, from over 600 mm to less 500 mm in the East Romanian Plain, under 450 mm in Dobrogea and about 350 mm by seaside, in the mountainous areas they reach 1000-1500 mm. Romanian running waters are radially displayed, most of them having the springs in the Carpathians. Their main collector is the Danube river, which crosses the country in the south on 1075 km length and flows into the Black Sea. The lakes are represented by natural lakes (numerous genetic types) spread in all major units of relief, from glacial ones in the alpine floor (Mioarelor Lake - Fgra 2282 m) to river-maritime banks (Techirghiol Lake at 1.5 m) and anthropic lakes, as well in all relief units. The vegetation is determined by the relief and by pedo-climatic elements, being displayed in floors. Mountainous regions are covered by coniferous forests (especially spruce fir), mixture forests (beech, fir-tree, spruce fir) and beech forests. Higher peaks are covered by alpine lawns and bushes of dwarf pine, juniper, bilberry, red bilberry a.s.o. In the hills and plateaus regions there are broadleaved forests, prevailing beech, common oak or durmast oak; the main forest species often met on low hills and high plains are Quercus cerris and Quercus frainetto. The steppe and silvosteppe vegetation, which covered the areas of low humidity in Dobrogea Plateau, Romanian Plain, Moldova Plateau, Banat and Criana Plain has been mostly replaced by agricultural crops. Romania's fauna is grouped by different areals according to each species biotype. Relict elements as black goat (chamois) and mountain vulture live in the alpine area. In the Carpathian forests live various animals: bear, buck, lynx, wolf, wild boar, roebuck, squirrel and several species of birds. In a few mountainous areas both mountain cock and birch cock are still met. In the hill and field areas there are hares, moles, hedgehogs, various birds, lizards, batrachia a.s.o.; rodent animals as gopher and hamster are characteristic for the steppe areas. Water fauna is represented especially by trout in the mountainous waters (huck which was mostly spread in the past has become quite rare); dace and barbel in the hill region; carp, perch, pike, sheat fish, crucian in the field region and Danube Delta; sturgeon species are also met in the marine territorial waters and on the downstream Danube. Romania's useful minerals resources are various. Among the main useful minerals resources we can mention: crude oil, with old exploitation traditions; natural gas; coal, especially coking pitcoal, brown coal and

crbunele brun i lignitul; minereuri feroase i neferoase, zcminte de aur, argint i de bauxit; rezerve mari de sare, precum i o serie de resurse nemetalifere. O categorie aparte a bogiilor de subsol o constituie cele peste 2000 de izvoare de ape minerale, cu valene pentru consum i tratamente medicale. Teritoriul Romniei este mprit din punct de vedere administrativ n: sate, comune, orae, municipii i judee. Conform Legii privind stabilirea nomenclatorului unitilor teritoriale statistice din Romnia s-au constituit patru macroregiuni (n concordan cu prevederile Legii nr.315/2004 privind dezvoltarea regional n Romnia i armonizarea cu cerinele Regulamentului CE nr.1059/2003 al Parlamentului i al Consiliului European privind stabilirea unui nomenclator comun al unitilor teritoriale de statistic NUTS, publicat n Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene nr.L 154/2003. Macroregiunile nu sunt uniti administrativ-teritoriale i nu au personalitate juridic; sunt constituite pentru a asigura colectarea, elaborarea i difuzarea statisticilor regionale amortizate la nivelul Uniunii Europene. Ca uniti teritoriale (non-administrative) au fost create 8 regiuni de dezvoltare, constituite prin reuniunea mai multor judee. Judeul reprezint unitatea administrativ-teritorial tradiional n Romnia, alctuit din orae i comune, n funcie de condiiile geografice, economice, socialpolitice i de legturile culturale i tradiionale ale populaiei. Teritoriul Romniei este organizat n 42 de judee (inclusiv Municipiul Bucureti). Municipiul este un ora cu un rol economic, social, politic i cultural nsemnat avnd, de regul, funcie administrativ. Oraul reprezint o concentrare uman cu o funcie administrativ i un mod de via specific ariilor urbane i o structur profesional a populaiei n care predomin cea ocupat n ramurile neagricole. Comuna este unitatea administrativ-teritorial care cuprinde populaia rural unit prin comunitate de interese i tradiii, fiind alctuit din unul sau mai multe sate (din care unul este reedin de comun). Satul este cea mai mic unitate teritorial, avnd caracteristicile aezrilor de tip rural. Oraele principale: Bucureti, Iai, Timioara, Cluj-Napoca, Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov, Ploieti, Brila, Oradea, Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu. Porturile principale: la Marea Neagr: Constana, Mangalia; la Dunre: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina.

lignite; ferrous and non-ferrous ores, gold, silver and bauxite ore deposits; vast reserves of salt as well as numerous non-metalliferrous resources. A special category of subsoil riches is constituted by over 2000 mineral water springs, with consumption and medical treatments valences. Romanian territory is divided from administrative viewpoint into: villages, communes, towns, municipalities and counties. According to the Law on setting up the nomenclature of statistical territorial units in Romania, four macroregions were constituted (according to the Law no. 315/2004 on regional development in Romania and harmonisation to the requirements of the EC Regulation no. 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council regarding the setting up of a common nomenclature of statistical territorial units NUTS, published in Official Journal of European Union no.L 154/2003. Macroregions are not administrative territorial units and have no legal entity, they are constituted to assure the collection, compilation and transmission of harmonised regional statistics at European Union level. As territorial (non-administrative) units, 8 regions of development were created, gathering several counties. County represents traditional administrativeterritorial unit in Romania, including towns and communes, depending on geographical, economical and social-political conditions and population cultural and traditional relations. Romanian territory is organized into 42 counties (including Bucharest Municipality). Municipality is a town, with an important economic, social, political and cultural role, usually having administrative function. Town represents a human concentration with administrative function and a life specific to urban areas and with a population professional structure where the population employed in non-agricultural branches prevails. Commune is a territorial-administrative unit which comprises rural population united by interest and traditional community, including one or several villages (from which one is commune residence). Village is the smallest territorial unit, having characteristics of rural settlements. Main cities: Bucharest, Iai, Timioara, ClujNapoca, Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov, Ploieti, Brila, Oradea, Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu. Main harbours: at the Black Sea: Constana, Mangalia; at the Danube: Moldova Nou, Orova, DrobetaTurnu Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina.

Aeroporturile principale: Bucureti (Henri Coand Otopeni i Aurel Vlaicu - Bneasa), Constana (Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia), Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Arad, Oradea, Baia Mare, Trgu Mure, Suceava, Bacu, Deva, Sibiu, Craiova, Tulcea. Capitala: Municipiul Bucureti (1944226 locuitori, la 1 iulie 2009), mprit n ase sectoare administrative. Prima menionare documentar dateaz din 20.IX.1459, ca reedin a lui Vlad epe. Capital a rii Romneti ncepnd din a doua jumtate a secolului al XVII-lea i Capitala Romniei, din anul 1862, municipiul Bucureti este cel mai important centru politic, economic i cultural-tiinific al rii. Limba oficial: limba romn. Drapelul Romniei este tricolor; culorile sunt aezate vertical n ordinea urmtoare, ncepnd de la lance: albastru, galben, rou. Ziua naional a Romniei: 1 Decembrie. Imnul naional al Romniei este Deteapt-te romne. Forma de guvernmnt a Romniei este republica: Republic, conform Constituiei adoptate n 1991 i modificat n 2003; Puterea legislativ este reprezentat de un parlament bicameral (Camera Deputailor i Senatul), iar puterea executiv este exercitat de guvern, condus de un prim-ministru desemnat de preedintele rii; Preedintele rii este ales n baza rezultatelor alegerilor generale prin scrutin universal pentru un mandat de 5 ani. Moneda naional: Leu, cu subdiviziunea ban. Cursul monedei naionale este stabilit zilnic pe piaa valutar interbancar, moneda de referin fiind euro.

Main airports: Bucharest (Henri Coand Otopeni and Aurel Vlaicu - Bneasa), Constana (Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia), Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Arad, Oradea, Baia Mare, Trgu Mure, Suceava, Bacu, Deva, Sibiu, Craiova, Tulcea. The capital: Bucharest Municipality (1944226 inhabitants on July 1, 2009), organised into six administrative sectors. The first documentary mention was on 20.IX.1459, as residence of Vlad epe. Capital of ara Romneasc since the second half of the XVIIth century and Capital of Romania since 1862, Bucharest Municipality is the most important political, economic and cultural-scientific center of the country. Official language: Romanian. Flag of Romania: is three - coloured; the colours are placed vertically in the following order from the lance: blue, yellow, red. National day of Romania: December, 1. National anthem of Romania is Wake up, Romanian. Government form in Romania is the republic: Republic, according to the Constitution adopted in 1991 and modified in 2003; Legislative power is represented by two chamber Parliament (Chamber of Deputies and Senate), and executive power is carried out by Government led by Prime Minister appointed by the countrys President; President of the country is elected based on general elections results by universal vote for a 5 years mandate. National currency: Leu, with ban as subdivision. The exchange rate is set on the interbank currency market on a daily basis, reference currency being euro.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE METEOROLOGIE

Cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor fizice din atmosfera terestr, care determin starea timpului i clima, are la baz msurtorile i observaiile meteorologice ce se efectueaz permanent sau periodic n diferite puncte de pe suprafaa globului terestru i la diferite nlimi n atmosfera liber. Programul unitar al msurtorilor i observaiilor, precum i alte activiti meteorologice se asigur prin colaborare internaional, n cadrul Administraiei Naionale de Meteorologie, cu Organizaia Meteorologic Mondial.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES METEOROLOGY

The research on physical processes and phenomena in the terrestrial atmosphere, which determine the weather and the climate, relies on the meteorological measurements and observations, permanently or periodically carried out in different points on the terrestrial globe surface and at various altitudes in the free atmosphere. The unitary programme of measurements and observations, as well as other meteorological activities are assured by international co-operation within National Administration of Meteorology, with the World Meteorology Organisation.

Staia meteorologic reprezint punctul de pe suprafaa terestr unde se efectueaz observaii i msurtori asupra tuturor elementelor i fenomenelor meteorologice, conform programului stabilit. Majoritatea observaiilor, msurtorilor i determinrilor meteorologice de la staii se efectueaz pe platforma meteorologic situat pe un teren deschis, tipic pentru regiunea respectiv, cu dimensionarea standard de 26 m x 26 m. Pentru cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor atmosferice i pentru calculul diferiilor parametri meteorologici i climatici, este necesar raportarea observaiilor i msurtorilor, care se realizeaz att n spaiu, ct i n timp. Programul climatologic reprezint complexul observaiilor i msurtorilor meteorologice ce se execut la staii, dup timpul solar mediu local, att la termenele fixe, ct i continuu n 24 de ore. Permanent, la termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19 timp solar mediu local) se efectueaz observaii i msurtori asupra: presiunii atmosferice, vntului, temperaturii i umezelii aerului, temperaturii suprafeei solului, nebulozitii, precipitaiilor, vizibilitii orizontale. Continuu, n tot cursul zilei i nopii se determin caracteristicile tuturor fenomenelor meteorologice (hidrometeori, litometeori, electrometeori etc.). Observaiile asupra temperaturii aerului constau n msurarea temperaturii aerului la termenele stabilite i n determinarea valorilor maxime i minime ale acesteia n intervalele de timp dintre aceste termene. Temperatura aerului se msoar cu instrumente cu citire direct, psihrometrul cu ventilaie artificial, termometrul de maxim cu mercur i termometrul de minim cu alcool i cu aparate nregistratoare (termografe). Pentru ca instrumentele cu care se msoar temperatura i umezeala aerului s nu fie influenate direct de radiaia solar, de radiaia terestr, de precipitaii i de rafalele vntului, ele se instaleaz n adpostul meteorologic situat la 2 m nlime deasupra solului. Msurarea cantitilor de ap ce provin din precipitaii atmosferice sau care se depun din ali hidrometeori se efectueaz cu ajutorul pluviometrului, iar nregistrarea continu a precipitaiilor (lichide) se face cu pluviograful. Cantitile de ap se msoar zilnic la termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19) i se exprim prin grosimea stratului de ap czut, n mm (1mm=1l / m2).

The meteorological station represents the point from the terrestrial surface, where measurements and observations on all meteorological elements and phenomena are carried out in keeping with the programme. Most of meteorological observations, measurements and determinations from the stations are performed on the meteorological area situated on an open land, typical for the respective region, with the standard dimension of 26 m x 26 m. In order to observe the atmospheric processes and phenomena and to compute various meteorological and climatic parameters, it is necessary to report observations and measurements, carried out both in space and over time. The climatic programme represents the complex of meteorological observations and measurements performed at stations, according to the local average solar time, both at fixed deadlines and continuously during 24 hours. Permanently, at the climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13, 19 local average solar time), the observations and measurements are done for: atmospheric pressure, wind, air temperature and humidity, ground surface temperature, cloudiness, precipitations, horizontal visibility. Continuously, during all day and night, the characteristics of all meteorological phenomena (hydrometeors, litometeors, electrometeors a.s.o.) are determined. Air temperature observations consist of air temperature measurement at the observation deadlines and of determining its maximum and minimum values, during the intervals between the climatic observation deadlines. Air temperature is measured with direct reading instruments, the psychrometer with artificial ventilation, the thermometer of maximum with mercury and the thermometer of minimum with alcohol and with recording apparatus (thermographs). In view to ensure that the instruments for measuring air temperature and humidity are not directly influenced by the solar, terrestrial radiation, by precipitations and by wind gusts, they should be placed in the meteorological shelter situated at 2 meters high above the ground. The measurement of water quantities coming from atmospheric precipitations or deposited by other hydrometeors is carried out by means of pluviometer and the continuous recording of precipitations (liquids) is performed with the pluviograph. Water quantities are daily measured at climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13, 19) and they are expressed by the thickness of the fallen water layer, in mm (1mm=1l / m 2).

MEDIU NCONJURTOR
Resursele de ap reprezint potenialul hidrologic format din apele de suprafa i subterane n regim natural i amenajat, inventariate la nceputul anului, din care se asigur alimentarea diverselor folosine. Ariile naturale protejate, conform O.U.G. nr. 57/2007, reprezint zone terestre, acvatice i/sau subterane, cu perimetrul legal stabilit i avnd un regim special de ocrotire i conservare, n care exist specii de plante i animale slbatice, elemente i formaiuni biogeografice sau de alt natur, cu valoare ecologic, tiinific sau cultural deosebit i cuprind: rezervaii ale biosferei - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor zone de habitat natural i a diversitii biologice specifice; parcuri naionale - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor eantioane reprezentative pentru spaiul biogeografic naional; parcuri naturale - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor ansambluri peisagistice n care interaciunea activitilor umane cu natura de-a lungul timpului a creat o zon distinct, cu valoare semnificativ peisagistic i/sau cultural, deseori cu o mare diversitate biologic; rezervaii tiinifice - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor habitate naturale terestre i/sau acvatice, cuprinznd elemente reprezentative de interes tiinific; rezervaii naturale - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor habitate i specii naturale importante sub aspect floristic, faunistic, forestier, hidrologic, geologic, speologic, paleontologic, pedologic; monumente ale naturii - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este protecia i conservarea unor elemente naturale cu valoare i semnificaie ecologic, tiinific, peisagistic deosebite ; zone umede de importan internaional sunt acele arii naturale protejate al cror scop este asigurarea proteciei i conservrii siturilor naturale cu diversitate biologic specific zonelor umede; arii de protecie special avifaunistic sunt acele arii naturale protejate ale cror scopuri sunt conservarea, meninerea, i acolo unde este cazul, readucerea ntro stare de conservare favorabil a speciilor de psri i a habitatelor specifice, desemnate pentru protecia speciilor de psri migratoare slbatice; situri de importan comunitar reprezint acele arii care, n regiunile biogeografice n care exist, contribuie semnificativ la meninerea sau restaurarea la o stare de conservare favorabil a habitatelor naturale.

ENVIRONMENT
Water resources represent the hydrological potential consisting of the superficial and underground waters, under natural and arranged conditions, registered at the beginning of the year, of which the utilities are fed. Natural protected areas, according to G.P.O. no. 57/2007, represents terrestrial, aquatic and/or underground areas, with legally settled perimeter and with a special protection and preservation regime, where wild plants and animal species, bio - geographic elements and formations or of other nature, with special ecological, scientific or cultural value exist and include: reservations of biosphere - protected natural areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of a natural habitat areas and of specific biologic diversity; national parks - natural protected areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of representative samples for the national bio geographic space; natural parks - natural protected areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of landscape piles in which human activities interactions in time created a distinct area, with landscape and/or cultural significant value, often with a great biological diversity; scientific reservations - natural protected areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of terrestrial and/or aquatic natural habitats, including representative elements of scientific interest; natural reservations - natural protected areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of important natural habitats and species from flora, fauna, forestry, hydrological, geological, speological, paleontological, pedological point of view; natural monuments - natural protected areas whose purpose is the protection and preservation of natural elements and of ecological, scientific, landscape special significance ; wetlands of international importance are those protected natural areas whose purpose is to ensure the protection and preservation of the natural sites with a wetland-specific biological diversity; special avifaunistic protection areas are those protected natural areas whose purpose is the preservation, maintenance and where necessary the conservative rehabilitation of the bird species and specific habitats designated for wild migratory bird species protection; sites of community interest reprezent areas located in biogeographical regions, contributing significantly to the maintenance or restoration to a favourable preservation state of the natural habitats.

Evaluarea calitii apelor de suprafa const n monitorizarea parametrilor biologici hidromorfologici, fizico-chimici, a poluanilor prioritari sau a altor poluani evacuai n cantiti importante. Potrivit Legii nr. 310/2004, anexa 11, se disting 5 clase de calitate, definite astfel: clasa de calitate I - stare foarte bun - nu exist alterri (sau sunt foarte mici) ale valorilor elementelor fizico-chimice i hidromorfologice de calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa fa de cele asociate n mod normal cu acel tip n condiii nemodificate; clasa de calitate II - stare bun - valorile elementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp de ap de suprafa prezint nivele sczute de schimbare datorit activitilor umane, dar deviaz uor fa de acele valori normale asociate cu tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii nemodificate; clasa de calitate III - stare moderat - valorile elementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp de ap de suprafa deviaz moderat fa de acelea care sunt n mod normal asociate cu tipul de corp de ap de suprafa n condiii nemodificate. Valorile prezint semne moderate de perturbare ca urmare a activitilor umane i sunt esenial perturbate fa de valorile din condiiile de stare bun; clasa de calitate IV - slab - prezint dovezi de alterri majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i n care comunitile biologice importante deviaz semnificativ de la valorile normale asociate cu tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii nemodificate; clasa de calitate V - proast - prezint dovezi de alterri majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i n care pri mari din comunitile biologice importante care sunt n mod normal asociate cu tipul de corpuri de apa de suprafa n condiii nemodificate, sunt absente. Cheltuielile pentru protecia mediului includ investiiile i cheltuielile curente interne pentru desfurarea activitilor de supraveghere i protecie a mediului, i care se refer la prevenirea sau repararea pagubelor aduse acestuia. Investiiile pentru protecia mediului includ cheltuielile efectuate pentru lucrri de construcii, de instalaii i de montaj, pentru achiziionarea de utilaje, mijloace de transport, alte cheltuieli destinate crerii de noi mijloace fixe pentru dezvoltarea, modernizarea, reconstrucia celor existente, cu scopul de protecie a mediului. Ele includ, de asemenea, valoarea serviciilor legate de transferul de proprieti al mijloacelor fixe existente i al terenurilor (taxe, materiale, comisioane, cheltuieli de transport de ncrcare - descrcare).

The evaluation of the superficial waters quality is carried out by monitoring the biological hidro - morfological parameters, physico - chemical, the prioritary pollution agents or other pollution agents evacuated in important quantities. According to Law no.310/2004, annex 11, 5 quality classes are distinguished, defined as follows: the first quality class - very good state - no alterations (or very few) of physico-chemical and hydro-morfological quality elements value exist for the type of superficial waters bodies as against those normally associated with specific type in unchanged conditions; the second quality class - good state - biological quality elements values for superficial water body type presents low levels of change because of human activity, but it slightly deviate as against those normal values associated with superficial water bodies type in unchanged conditions; the third quality class - moderate state - biological quality elements values for superficial water body type moderately deviates as against those which are normally associated with superficial water body type in unchanged conditions. These values presents moderate perturbation signs because of human activities and are essentially perturbated as against the good state conditions values; the fourth quality class - poor - presents major alteration proofs of the biological quality elements values for superficial water bodies type in which important biological communities significantly deviates from the normal values associated with superficial water bodies type in unchanged conditions; the fifth quality class - bad - presents major alteration proofs of the biological quality elements values for superficials water bodies type and in which big parts from important biological communities which are normally associated with superficial water bodies type in unchanged conditions are absent. Environment protection expenditure include investment and internal current expenditure for carrying out the activities of environment observation and protection and refer to environment damages prevention or repair. Investments for environment protection include the expenditure made for construction, installations and building works, for equipment, transport means purchasing, other expenditure meant to create new fixed assets for the development, modernization, reconstruction of the already existent ones, having the purpose of environment protection. They also include the value of services related to existent fixed assets and land ownership transfer (taxes, materials, commissions, loading-unloading transport expenditure).

Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului nsumeaz cheltuielile efectuate pentru operarea, repararea i ntreinerea instalaiilor i utilajelor pentru protecia mediului de ctre personalul ntreprinderii. Ele includ salariile i impozitele aferente i cheltuielile materiale (materii prime, materiale, combustibili, energie, ap etc.). Cheltuielile curente interne nu includ cheltuielile pentru achiziionarea de servicii de mediu de la teri. Categoriile de productori de servicii pentru protecia mediului sunt: productorii nespecializai - uniti care execut o activitate de protecia mediului ca activitate secundar sau auxiliar la o activitate principal. Activitatea principal nu este una de protecia mediului. Aceste uniti se regsesc n sectorul producie (CAEN Rev.2, diviziunile: 02; 05-35; 41; 42; 43; 49; 50; 51); productorii specializai - uniti care execut activiti de protecia mediului ca activitate principal, conform CAEN Rev.2, diviziunile: 36; 37; 38; 39 i clasa 4677; administraia public - toate unitile administraiei publice locale i centrale a cror producie de servicii de protecia mediului non-pia este destinat consumului individual i colectiv (CAEN Rev.2, clasa 8411). Activitile specifice de protecia mediului sunt grupate dup domeniile de mediu, astfel: prevenirea i combaterea polurii (protecia aerului, protecia apei, managementul deeurilor, protecia solului i a apelor subterane); protecia resurselor naturale i conservarea biodiversitii (protecia speciilor, arii protejate, remediere i reconstrucie ecologic, refacerea mediului acvatic, prevenirea fenomenelor naturale periculoase); alte domenii (cercetare-dezvoltare, administrare general a mediului, reducerea zgomotului i a vibraiilor, protecia mpotriva radiaiilor, educaie, instruire, informare).

Current internal expenditure for environment protection are made of the expenditure for operating, repairs and maintenance of installations and equipment for environment protection by enterprise staff. They include salaries and taxes and material expenditure (raw materials, materials, fuels, energy, water a.s.o.). The current internal expenditure do not include environmental services purchased from thirds. Categories of service producers for environment protection are: non-specialised producers - units carrying out an activity of environment protection as their secondary or auxiliary activity. Their main activity is not the environment protection. These units are found in the sector of production (CANE Rev. 2, divisions: 02; 05-35; 41; 42; 43; 49; 50; 51); specialised producers - units carrying out an activity of environment protection as their main activity, according to CANE Rev.2, divisions: 36; 37; 38 ; 39 and 4677 class; public administration - local and central units of public administration whose non-market production of environment protection services is meant for individual and collective consumption (CANE Rev.2, 8411 class). Specific activities of environment protection are grouped by environmental domains, as follows: pollution prevention and reduction (air protection, water protection, wastes management, soil and underground waters protection); natural resources protection and biodiversity preservation (species protection, protected areas, ecological remedy and reconstruction, aquatic environment restoration, prevention of dangerous natural phenomena); other domains (research-development, environment general administration, noise and vibrations reduction, protection against radiation, education, training, looking for information).

10

1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8

GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIE I MEDIU NCONJURTOR

GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL Poziia geografic a Romniei Lungimea frontierelor Romniei Principalele altitudini muntoase Lungimea principalelor cursuri de ap de pe teritoriul Romniei Principalele lacuri naturale Principalele lacuri antropice Altitudinea medie a principalelor orae din Romnia Organizarea administrativ a teritoriului Romniei, la 31 decembrie 2009 METEOROLOGIE 1.9 Temperatura aerului (media lunar i anual) 1.10 Temperatura aerului (maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual) 1.11 Precipitaii atmosferice (cantitatea lunar i anual) MEDIU NCONJURTOR 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 Ariile protejate, n anul 2009 Rezervaii ale biosferei, n anul 2009 Parcurile naionale i parcurile naturale, n anul 2009 Resursele de ap asigurate, potrivit gradului de amenajare, n anul 2009 1.16 Calitatea apelor de suprafa, n anul 2009 1.17 Investiii pentru protecia mediului, n anul 2009 1.18 Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului, n anul 2009

POPULAIE

POPULATION

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Recensmintele populaiei; Statistici din evidena curent a populaiei, pentru datele referitoare la numrul i structura demografic a populaiei; nregistrri din evidena strii civile: Buletine statistice demografice completate de oficiile de stare civil cu date referitoare la nateri, decese, cstorii i de judectorii pentru divoruri. Surse administrative: Baza de date a Ministerului Administraiei i Internelor, privind evidena persoanelor, pentru migraia intern i internaional, determinat de schimbarea domiciliului.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Population censuses; Statistics from current evidence of population, for data referring to population number and demographic structure; Registrations from civil register evidence: Statistical demographic reports filled in by civil register offices with data on births, deaths, marriages and respectively by the law courts for divorces. Administrative sources: Database of Ministry of Administration and Interior, for persons evidence, for internal and international migration, determined by domicile change.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Numrul populaiei n perioada intercensitar s-a determinat pe baza datelor de la recensminte i a celor din evidena curent referitoare la micarea natural i migratorie. Numrul populaiei s-a calculat pornind de la datele Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor, 18 martie 2002, cu privire la populaia cu domiciliul n Romnia, la care s-a adugat sporul natural al populaiei i soldul migraiei internaionale determinat de schimbrile de domiciliu, pentru populaia la nivel naional; pentru populaia la nivel de localitate s-a adugat soldul migraiei interne determinat de schimbrile de domiciliu i numrul persoanelor cu reedina n localitate. Repartizarea populaiei pe medii s-a realizat astfel: pentru anul 1960, pn n anul 1966, n mediul urban sunt cuprinse municipiile, oraele i cele 183 localiti asimilate mediului urban; pentru anii 1966 i 1967, n mediul urban sunt incluse datele referitoare la municipii, orae i 238 comune asimilate urbanului; ncepnd cu anul 1968, n mediul urban sunt cuprinse numai municipiile i oraele. Vrsta este exprimat n ani mplinii (de exemplu, o persoan care are vrsta de 24 ani i 11 luni la 1 iulie, este cuprins la vrsta de 24 ani). Definiiile evenimentelor demografice sunt n concordan cu principiile i recomandrile Comisiei de Statistic a Organizaiei Naiunilor Unite: nscut-viu este produsul concepiei, expulzat sau extras complet din corpul mamei, independent de durata sarcinii i care, dup aceast separare, prezint un semn de via (respiraie, activitate cardiac, pulsaii ale cordonului ombilical sau contracii musculare dependente de voin);

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
For intercensus years, the inhabitants number has been determined based on data from censuses and those from current evidence referring on vital and migration statistics. The inhabitants number was calculated from data of the Population and Housing Census, March 18, 2002, regarding the population with permanent residence in Romania, plus natural increase and balance of internal and international migration determined by permanent residence changes for population at national level; for population at locality level the balance of internal migration determined by permanent residence changes and number of persons with temporary residence in locality was added. Population breakdown by area was as follows: for 1960, until 1966, urban area included municipalities, towns and the 183 localities assimilated to the urban area; for 1966 and 1967, urban area included municipalities, towns and 238 communes assimilated to the urban area; starting with 1968, urban area includes only municipalities and towns. Age is expressed in the years reached during the year (for instance, a person of 24 years old and 11 months at July 1, is considered to be of 24 years old). The definitions of vital events are in compliance with the principles and recommendations of the United Nations Statistical Commission: live-birth is a product of conception completely ejected or extracted from the mother's body, regardless of the pregnancy duration, who after this separation gives a sign of life (respiration, heart activity, beats of umbilical cord or muscular contractions dependent of will);

 nscut-mort este produsul concepiei, expulzat sau extras complet din corpul mamei dup o durat a sarcinii de cel puin 28 sptmni i care, dup aceast separare, nu prezint nici un semn de via; decedat este persoana creia i-au ncetat definitiv funciile vitale dup trecerea unui timp oarecare de la natere; cstoria reprezint uniunea dintre un brbat i o femeie, ncheiat n concordan cu legislaia rii, n scopul ntemeierii unei familii i din care rezult drepturi i obligaii ntre cei doi soi, precum i ale acestora fa de copii; divorul reprezint desfacerea unei cstorii ncheiate legal, printr-o hotrre definitiv a organelor judectoreti. Sporul natural reprezint diferena dintre numrul nscuilor-vii i numrul persoanelor decedate, n anul de referin. Durata medie a vieii reprezint numrul mediu de ani pe care i are de trit un nou-nscut, dac ar tri tot restul vieii n condiiile mortalitii pe vrste din perioada de referin. Rata de natalitate reprezint numrul de nscui-vii dintr-un an raportat la populaia medie din anul respectiv i se exprim n numr de nscui-vii la 1000 locuitori. Rata de mortalitate reprezint numrul persoanelor decedate dintr-un an raportat la populaia medie din anul respectiv i se exprim n numr de decese la 1000 locuitori. Rata mortalitii infantile reprezint numrul de decedai n vrst de sub 1 an la 1000 nscui-vii din anul respectiv. Rata de mortinatalitate reprezint numrul anual de nscui-mori dintr-un an, raportat la numrul de nscui-vii i mori din acelai an i se exprim n numrul de nscui-mori la 1000 nscui-vii i mori din anul respectiv. Rata de nupialitate reprezint numrul cstoriilor dintr-un an raportat la populaia medie din anul respectiv i se exprim n numr de cstorii la 1000 locuitori. Rata de divorialitate reprezint numrul divorurilor dintr-un an raportat la populaia medie din anul respectiv i se exprim n numr de divoruri la 1000 locuitori. Repartizarea evenimentelor demografice n profil teritorial (pe macroregiuni, regiuni de dezvoltare i judee) s-a fcut dup urmtoarele criterii: pentru nscui-vii i nscui-mori, dup domiciliul mamei; pentru decese, dup domiciliul persoanei decedate; pentru cstorii, dup locul nregistrrii cstoriei; pentru divoruri, dup ultimul domiciliu comun al soilor.

dead-born child is a product of conception completely ejected or extracted from the mother's body after a pregnancy duration of at least 28 weeks who, after this separation, gives no sign of life; deceased is the person whose vital functions definitively ceased after a certain time passed from his birth; marriage represents an union between a man and a woman concluded according to the countrys legislation, in order to set up a family, where husband and wife have rights and obligations against one another as well as against their children; divorce represents the dissolution of a legally concluded marriage, according to a final decision of judicial bodies. Natural increase represents the balance between the number of live-births and the number of deceased persons during the reference year. Life expectancy represents the average number of years an infant would live, if he / she lived all his / her life, under the conditions of mortality by age corresponding to the reference period. Birth rate represents the ratio between the number of live-births in a year and the average population of the respective year and is expressed by the number of livebirths per 1000 inhabitants. Mortality rate represents the ratio between the number of deceased persons in a year and the average population of the respective year and is expressed by the number of deaths per 1000 inhabitants. Infant mortality rate represents the number of deaths for infants under one year of age per 1000 live births in a given year. Late foetal-deaths rate is the ratio between the number of late foetal-deaths in a year and the total number of live births and late foetal deaths in the same year, and is expressed by the number of deaths per 1000 live births and late foetal deaths. Marriages rate represents the ratio between the number of marriages in a year and the average population of the respective year and is expressed by the number of marriages per 1000 inhabitants. Divortiality rate represents the ratio between the number of divorces in a year and the average population of the respective year and is expressed by the number of divorces per 1000 inhabitants. Demographic events breakdown at territorial level (by macroregion, development region and county) was done according to the following criteria: for live-births and dead-born children, by mother's residence; for deaths, by residence of the deceased person; for marriage, by place of marriage registration ; for divorces, by last common residence of the spouses.

Migraia intern reprezint schimbrile de domiciliu i stabilirile temporare de reedin n alt localitate dect cea de domiciliu n interiorul granielor rii. Schimbarea domiciliului s-a nregistrat n cazul persoanelor pentru care organele de poliie au nscris noul domiciliu n cartea de identitate i n fia de eviden a persoanei. ncepnd cu anul 1992, sunt cuprinse i schimbrile de domiciliu dintr-un sector n altul al Municipiului Bucureti. Nu sunt incluse schimbrile de domiciliu n interiorul aceleiai localiti sau n acelai sector, i nici dintr-un sat n altul, n cadrul aceleiai comune. Migraia internaional reprezint schimbarea domiciliului n alt ar sau, din alt ar n Romnia. Datele cu privire la emigrani se refer la cetenii romni care i-au stabilit domiciliul n strintate. Datele cu privire la imigrani se refer la cetenii din alt ar care i-au stabilit domiciliul n Romnia. Soldul migraiei internaionale reprezint diferena dintre numrul imigranilor i cel al emigranilor, n anul de referin.

Internal migration represents changes of permanent residence and temporary settling of residence in another locality, different from that of permanent residence inside the borders of the country. Change of permanent residence was registered in case of persons for whom police wrote down the new permanent residence in the identity card and in persons evidence file. Starting with 1992, data also include changes of permanent residence from one sector to another within Bucharest Municipality. There are not included permanent residence changes inside the same locality or sector, or from one village to another, in the same commune. International migration represents the change of permanent residence to another country or, from another country to Romania. Data on emigrants refer to Romanian citizens who settled their permanent residence abroad. Data on immigrants refer to citizens from another country who settled their permanent residence in Romania. Net international migration represents the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants during the reference year.

2.G1

Populaia pe sexe i medii, la 1 iulie 2009 Population by sex and area, on July 1, 2009

51,3%

52,2%

50,2%

48,7%

47,8%

49,8%

Total Masculin / Male

Urban Feminin / Female

Rural

44,9%

46,0%

43,9%

55,1%

54,0%

56,1%

Total Urban

Masculin / Male Rural

Feminin / Female

2.G2
100 80 60 40 20 0

Populaia pe medii, la 1 iulie Population by area, on July 1

%

67,9

63,1

54,2

45,7

45,4

45,4

46,7

46,6

45,1

45,1

44,8

44,9

45,0

44,9

32,1

36,9

45,8

54,3

54,6

54,6

53,3

53,4

54,9

54,9

55,2

55,1

55,0

55,1

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Urban Rural

2.G3

Populaia pe vrste i sexe, la 1 iulie 2009 Population by age and sex, on July 1, 2009
Vrsta Age
100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Masculin Male

Feminin Female

250

200

150

100

50

50

100

150

200

250 Mii persoane Thou persons

Mii persoane Thou persons

2.G4
30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Natalitatea, mortalitatea i sporul natural al populaiei Birth rate, mortality and natural increase
Rate (la 1000 locuitori) / Rates (per 1000 inhabitants)

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2009

Natalitate / Birth rate Sporul natural pozitiv Positive natural increase

Mortalitate / Mortality rate Sporul natural negativ Negative natural increase

2.G5
100 80 60

Rate de fertilitate, pe grupe de vrst Fertility rates, by age group

Nscui-vii la 1000 femei / Live-births per 1000 women

77,2

80,7 67,5 46,2

82,7 59,4

40 20 0

33,8 17,6 3,4 2004 15 19 ani / years 20 24 ani / years 25 29 ani / years 30 34 ani / years 0,2

39,3 22,1 4,7 2009 35 39 ani / years 40 44 ani / years 45 49 ani / years 0,2

2.G6
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Durata medie a vieii, pe sexe (ani) Life expectancy, by sex (years)

67,7 68,2 68,7 69,2 69,5 69,7 0 10 20 Masculin Male 30 40 50 60 Feminin Female 70

75,1 75,5 75,8 76,1 76,7 77,1 80

2.G7
200 150

Evoluia cstoriilor i divorurilor Evolution of marriages and divorces

mii / thou

189,2 143,3 141,8 146,6 149,4

134,3

100

50

35,2

33,2

32,7

36,3

35,7

32,3

0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Cstorii Marriages

Divoruri Divorces

2
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32

POPULAIE

Populaia pe sexe i medii Populaia pe grupe de vrst i sexe, la 1 iulie Populaia pe vrste, sexe i medii, la 1 iulie 2009 Populaia judeelor, municipiilor i oraelor, la 1 iulie 2009 Gruparea judeelor i localitilor dup numrul locuitorilor, la 1 iulie 2009 Micarea natural a populaiei Micarea natural a populaiei, pe medii Nscuii - vii dup grupa de vrst a prinilor Nscuii-vii dup rangul nscutului-viu i grupa de vrst a mamei Vrsta medie a mamei la natere, pe medii ntreruperi de sarcin, pe grupe de vrst Ratele de fertilitate, pe grupe de vrst i indicele conjunctural al fertilitii Decesele, pe grupe de vrst i sexe Decesele sub 1 an dup grupa de vrst Decese, pe cauze de deces Ratele de mortalitate, pe grupe de vrst i sexe Decese sub 1 an, pe cauze de deces Rate specifice de mortalitate, pe cauze de deces Durata medie a vieii, pe sexe i medii Cstoriile dup grupa de vrst a soilor Cstoriile dup starea civil a soilor nainte de cstorie Vrsta medie la cstorie i vrsta medie la prima cstorie, pe medii Divorurile dup grupa de vrst a soilor Divorurile dup numrul copiilor minori rmai prin desfacerea cstoriei Migraia intern determinat de schimbarea domiciliului, pe medii i sexe Migraia intern determinat de schimbarea domiciliului, pe grupe de vrst i medii Structura fluxurilor migraiei interne urbane i rurale, determinate de schimbarea domiciliului Emigranii, pe sexe i grupe de vrst (cetenii romni care i-au stabilit domiciliul n strintate) Emigranii, dup naionalitate i ara de destinaie (cetenii romni care i-au stabilit domiciliul n strintate) Imigranii, pe sexe i grupe de vrst (ceteni strini care i-au stabilit domiciliul n Romnia) Imigranii, dup ara de provenien (ceteni strini care i-au stabilit domiciliul n Romnia) Migraia internaional determinat de schimbarea domiciliului, pe sexe Teritorial

2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45

Populaia i densitatea populaiei, n profil teritorial, la recensminte Populaia, n profil teritorial, pe sexe i medii, la 1 iulie 2009 Populaia, n profil teritorial i pe grupe de vrst, la 1 iulie 2009 Micarea natural a populaiei, n profil teritorial i pe medii, n anul 2009 Ratele de fertilitate, n profil teritorial i pe grupe de vrst, n anul 2009 Durata medie a vieii, n profil teritorial, pe sexe i medii, n anul 2009 Decesele, pe cauze de deces, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 Vrsta medie a soilor la data ncheierii cstoriei, n profil teritorial i pe medii, n anul 2009 Divorurile, dup numrul copiilor minori rmai prin desfacerea cstoriei, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 Migraia intern determinat de schimbarea domiciliului, n profil teritorial i pe medii, n anul 2009 Emigranii, n profil teritorial i pe grupe de vrst, n anul 2009 Imigranii, n profil teritorial i pe grupe de vrst, n anul 2009 Migraia internaional, n profil teritorial i pe sexe, n anul 2009

PIAA FOREI DE MUNC

LABOUR MARKET

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Cercetarea statistic asupra forei de munc n gospodrii, pentru datele privind populaia ocupat i omajul BIM (definit conform criteriilor Biroului Internaional al Muncii); Cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de munc n unitile economico-sociale, pentru datele referitoare la numrul salariailor (conform Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 530/1999 privind statisticile structurii ctigurilor salariale i costului forei de munc); Cercetarea statistic trimestrial asupra locurilor de munc vacante, pentru datele referitoare la rata locurilor de munc vacante (conform Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 453/2008 privind statisticile referitoare la locurile de munc vacante); Balana forei de munc, pentru datele privind populaia ocupat civil pe activiti ale economiei naionale, pe forme de proprietate i pe judee. Surse administrative: Agenia Naional pentru Ocuparea Forei de Munc, pentru datele privind omajul nregistrat i numrul persoanelor cuprinse n cursuri de calificare i recalificare; Ministerul Muncii, Familiei i Proteciei Sociale, pentru datele privind condiiile de munc.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Household labour force statistical survey, for data on employment and ILO unemployment (defined according to the International Labour Office criteria); Labour cost survey carried out in economic and social units, for data regarding the number of employees (according to the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council no.530/1999 regarding statistics of earnings and labour cost structures); Quarterly job vacancy survey, for data related to rate of vacancies (according to the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council no.453/2008 regarding statistics of vacancies); Labour force balance, for data on civil employment by activity of national economy, by type of ownership and by county. Administrative sources: National Agency for Employment, for data on the number of registered unemployment and the number of persons who attend qualification and requalification courses; Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection, for data on working conditions.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE FORA DE MUNC

Cercetarea statistic asupra forei de munc n gospodrii (AMIGO) este conceput ca o surs important de informaii intercenzitare asupra forei de munc; ancheta furnizeaz, ntr-o manier coerent, date eseniale asupra principalelor segmente de populaie (activ - ocupat i n omaj - inactiv), cu numeroase posibiliti de corelare i structurare dup caracteristici demo - socio economice diverse, n condiii de comparabilitate internaional. ncepnd cu anul 1996, ancheta forei de munc n gospodrii se realizeaz trimestrial, ca o cercetare continu, permind astfel obinerea de date conjuncturale asupra mrimii i structurii ofertei de for de munc i evidenierea fenomenelor cu caracter sezonier care se manifest pe piaa forei de munc. Din anul 2004, volumul eantionului pe care se realizeaz ancheta este de 28080 locuine/trimestru. Datele anuale se calculeaz ca medii aritmetice ale datelor trimestriale.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES LABOUR FORCE

Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) is conceived as an important source of inter-census information about labour force; the survey provides, in a coherent way, essential data about main population segments (economically active - employed and unemployed - non-economically active), with numerous possibilities of correlation and structuring by demo-socioeconomical features, under international comparability conditions. Beginning with 1996, household labour force survey is quarterly carried out, as a continuous survey, resulting in short-term data on the labour force size and structure and pointing out seasonal phenomena taking place on the labour market. Since 2004, the sample volume is of 28080 dwellings/quarter. The yearly data are calculated as quartely data arithmetic means.

Cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de munc este o cercetare statistic anual complex care furnizeaz elementele necesare efecturii unor analize privind evoluia diferitelor componente ale costului forei de munc i corelaiile dintre ele, oferind, totodat, elementele necesare calculului mrimii brute i nete, lunare i orare, a ctigului salarial structurat pe activiti ale economiei naionale, forme de proprietate, forme juridice, categorii de salariai, sexe, regiuni de dezvoltare i judee. Se realizeaz pe un eantion de circa 29500 de operatori economici i sociali, aparinnd tuturor claselor de mrime a ntreprinderii, indiferent de numrul de salariai. Sunt excluse forele armate i personalul asimilat (M.Ap.N., M.A.I., S.R.I. etc.). Cercetarea statistic asupra locurilor de munc vacante este o cercetare statistic selectiv trimestrial, avnd ca perioad de referin luna de mijloc a trimestrului, furnizeaz elementele necesare calculrii ratei trimestriale a locurilor de munc vacante. Cercetarea statistic se realizeaz pe un eantion de circa 24000 de ntreprinderi/uniti locale. Sunt excluse forele armate i personalul asimilat (M.Ap.N., M.A.I., S.R.I. etc.). Balana forei de munc este o lucrare care se realizeaz pe baza informaiilor din mai multe surse de date: statistica demografic; cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de munc; cercetarea statistic asupra forei de munc n gospodrii (AMIGO); surse administrative. Populaia ocupat civil cuprinde, potrivit metodologiei balanei forei de munc, toate persoanele care, n anul de referin, au desfurat o activitate economico-social aductoare de venit, cu excepia cadrelor militare i a persoanelor asimilate acestora (personalul din Ministerul Aprrii Naionale, Ministerul Administraiei i Internelor, Serviciul Romn de Informaii), a salariailor organizaiilor politice, obteti i a deinuilor. Populaia activ (persoanele active) - din punct de vedere economic - cuprinde toate persoanele de 15 ani i peste, care furnizeaz fora de munc disponibil pentru producia de bunuri i servicii; include populaia ocupat i omerii BIM. Populaia ocupat cuprinde, conform metodologiei Cercetrii statistice asupra forei de munc n gospodrii, toate persoanele de 15 ani i peste, care au desfurat o activitate economic productoare de 1) bunuri sau servicii de cel puin o or n perioada de referin (o sptmn), n scopul obinerii unor venituri sub form de salarii, plat n natur sau alte beneficii. omerii BIM, conform criteriilor Biroului Internaional al Muncii (BIM), sunt persoanele de 15-74 ani, care n perioada de referin ndeplinesc simultan urmtoarele condiii: nu au loc de munc i nu desfoar o activitate n scopul obinerii unor venituri;
1)

Labour cost survey is a complex yearly statistical survey which provides the necessary elements for the analysis on the evolution of various components of labour cost and correlations among them, offering, as well, the necessary elements for the calculation of net and gross size, monthly and hourly, of the earnings structured by national economy activity, ownership type, legal form, employees category, sex, development region and county. It is achieved on a sample of about 29500 economic and social operators, from all enterprise size classes, irrespective of employees number. There are excluded armed forces and similar staff (Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Administration and Interior, Romanian Intelligence Service etc.). Job vacancy survey is a quarterly statistical sample survey, having as reference period the quarter middle month; it provides the necessary elements for the calculation of vacancies quarterly rate. It is carried out on a sample of about 24000 enterprises / local units. There are excluded armed forces and similar staff (Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Administration and Interior, Romanian Intelligence Service etc.) Labour force balance is a paper drawn up based on the information from several data sources: demographic statistics, labour cost survey; household labour force survey (HLFS); administrative sources. Civil employment includes, according to the methodology used for the labour force balance, all persons who, during the reference year, carried out a socio-economic lucrative activity, excepting military staff and similar (Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Administration and Interior, Romanian Intelligence Service staff), political and community organisations employees and the convicts. Economically active population (active persons) comprises all persons aged 15 years and over, providing available labour force for the production of goods and services; it includes employed population and ILO unemployed. Employment includes, according to the methodology of Household labour force survey all persons aged 15 years and over, who carried out an economic activity producing goods or services of at least 1) one hour during the reference period (one week) in order to get income as salaries, payment in kind or other benefits. ILO unemployed, according to International Labour Office (ILO) criteria, are persons aged 15-74 years who, during the reference period, simultaneously meet the following conditions: have no job and are not carrying out any activity in order to get income;

Pentru lucrtorii pe cont propriu i lucrtorii familiali neremunerai care lucreaz n agricultur, durata minim este de 15 ore. For self-employed and contributing family workers who work in agriculture, minimum duration is 15 hours.

 sunt n cutarea unui loc de munc, utiliznd n ultimele patru sptmni diferite metode active pentru a-l gsi (nscrierea la agenii de ocupare a forei de munc sau la agenii particulare de plasare, aciuni pentru nceperea unei activiti pe cont propriu, publicarea de anunuri, apel la prieteni, rude, colegi, sindicate etc.); sunt disponibile s nceap lucrul n urmtoarele dou sptmni, dac s-ar gsi imediat un loc de munc. Rata de activitate reprezint raportul dintre populaia activ i populaia total n vrst de 15-64 ani, exprimat procentual. Rata de ocupare reprezint raportul dintre populaia ocupat i populaia total n vrst de 15-64 ani, exprimat procentual. Rata omajului BIM reprezint raportul dintre numrul omerilor BIM i populaia activ, exprimat procentual. Rata omajului BIM de lung durat reprezint ponderea omerilor aflai n omaj de 12 luni i peste n populaia activ. Rata omajului BIM de lung durat pentru tineri (15-24 ani) reprezint ponderea omerilor tineri aflai n omaj de 6 luni i peste n populaia activ tnr. Incidena omajului BIM de lung durat reprezint ponderea omerilor aflai n omaj de 12 luni i peste n total omeri. Incidena omajului BIM de lung durat pentru tineri (15-24 ani) reprezint ponderea omerilor tineri aflai n omaj de 6 luni i peste n total omeri tineri. Statutul profesional reprezint situaia unei persoane ocupate, n funcie de modul de obinere a veniturilor prin exercitarea unei activiti i anume: salariat, persoana care-i exercit activitatea pe baza unui contract de munc ntr-o unitate economic sau social - indiferent de forma ei de proprietate - sau la persoane particulare, n schimbul unei remuneraii sub form de salariu, pltit n bani sau natur, sub form de comision etc.; patron, persoana care-i exercit ocupaia (meseria) n propria sa unitate (ntreprindere, agenie, atelier, magazin, birou, ferm etc.), pentru a crei activitate are angajai unul sau mai muli salariai; lucrtor pe cont propriu, persoana care-i exercit activitatea n unitatea proprie sau ntr-o afacere individual, fr a angaja nici un salariat, fiind ajutat, sau nu, de membrii familiei, neremunerai; lucrtor familial neremunerat, persoana care-i exercit activitatea ntr-o unitate economic familial condus de un membru al familiei sau o rud, pentru care nu primete remuneraie sub form de salariu sau plat n natur; gospodria rneasc (agricol) este considerat o astfel de unitate;

are looking for a job, undertaking certain actions during the last four weeks (registering at employment agencies, or private agencies for placement, attempts for starting an activity on own account, publishing notices, asking for a job among friends, relatives, mates, trade unions a.s.o.); are available to start work within the next two weeks, if they immediately find a job. Activity rate represents the ratio between active population and total population aged 15-64 years expressed as percentage. Employment rate represents the ratio between employed population and total population aged 15-64 years expressed as percentage. ILO unemployment rate represents the ratio between the number of ILO unemployed and active population expressed as percentage. Long term ILO unemployment rate represents the weight of unemployed for 12 months and over in active population. Long term ILO unemployment rate for young people (aged 15-24 years) represents the weight of young unemployed for 6 months and over in young active population. Incidence of long term ILO unemployment represents the weight of unemployed for 12 months and over in total unemployed. Incidence of long term ILO unemployment for young people (aged 15-24 years) represents the weight of young unemployed for six months and over in total young unemployed. Status in employment represents the situation of an employed person, depending on the way of achieving income from his activity, namely: employee, a person who carries out his activity based on an employment contract into an economic or social unit - no matter of its ownership type - or for private persons, for a remuneration as salary, in cash or in kind, as commission a.s.o.; employer, a person who carries out his occupation (trade) in his own unit (enterprise, agency, workshop, shop, office, farm a.s.o.) for whose activity he has one or several employees; self-employed, a person who carries out his activity in his own unit or in an individual business, without hiring any employee, being helped, or not, by contributing family workers; contributing family worker, a person who carries out his activity into a family economic unit, run by a member of the family or a relative, for which he gets no remuneration as salary or payment in kind; peasant (agricultural) household is considered such a unit;

 membru al unei societi agricole sau al unei cooperative neagricole, persoana care a lucrat fie ca proprietar de teren agricol ntr-o societate agricol constituit conform legii, fie ca membru al unei cooperative meteugreti, de consum sau de credit. Numrul mediu al salariailor reprezint o medie aritmetic simpl rezultat din suma efectivelor zilnice ale salariailor, inclusiv din zilele de repaus sptmnal, srbtori legale i alte zile nelucrtoare mprit la numrul total al zilelor calendaristice (365 zile). n efectivul zilnic al salariailor luat n calculul numrului mediu, nu se cuprind: salariaii aflai n concedii fr plat, n grev, detaai la lucru n strintate. n zilele de repaus sptmnal, srbtori legale i alte zile nelucrtoare se ia n calcul ca efectiv zilnic numrul salariailor din ziua precedent, mai puin cei al cror contract/raport a ncetat n aceast zi. Salariaii care nu au fost angajai cu norm ntreag s-au inclus n numrul mediu proporional cu timpul de lucru prevzut n contractul de munc. ncepnd cu anul 2003 din efectivele zilnice luate n calculul numrului mediu au fost exclui salariaii al cror contract de munc/raport de serviciu a fost suspendat, conform Legii nr.53/2003 Codul muncii, art. 49-54, privind Suspendarea contractului individual de munc i Legii nr.161/2003 referitor la suspendarea raportului de serviciu (exemple: concediu de maternitate, concediu pentru incapacitate temporar de munc, exercitarea unei funcii n cadrul unei autoriti executive, legislative ori judectoreti pe toat durata mandatului .a.). Numrul salariailor la 31 decembrie (efectivul salariailor) reprezint numrul de salariai angajai cu contract individual de munc pe durat determinat sau nedeterminat, n program complet sau parial (inclusiv cei cu contract de munc/raport de serviciu suspendat) existeni n evidenele ntreprinderii la sfritul anului. Nu sunt cuprini salariaii detaai la lucru n strintate i cei care cumuleaz mai multe funcii i nu au funcia de baz la unitatea raportoare. Repartizarea salariailor pe activiti ale economiei naionale s-a realizat dup activitatea omogen a ntreprinderii, iar pe judee n funcie de localitatea n care acetia i desfoar activitatea. omerii nregistrai reprezint persoanele care ndeplinesc cumulativ condiiile prevzute de Legea nr.76/2002 privind sistemul asigurrilor pentru omaj i stimularea ocuprii forei de munc i care se nregistreaz la agenia pentru ocuparea forei de munc n a crei raz teritorial i au domiciliul sau, dup caz, reedina, ori alt furnizor de servicii de ocupare, care funcioneaz n condiiile prevzute de lege, n vederea obinerii unui loc de munc.

member of an agricultural holding or of a non-agricultural co-operative, a person who worked either as owner of agricultural land into an agricultural holding set up according to legal provisions, or as a member of a craftsmen, consumption or credit co-operative. Average number of employees represents a simple arithmetic mean resulted from the sum of daily employees number, including from the weekly rest days, legal holidays and other non-working days divided to the total calendar days of the year (365 days). In daily number of employees taken into calculation for average number, there are not included: employees under unpaid leave, on strike, detached to work abroad. In weekends, legal holidays, other days off it is taken into calculation as daily number the number of employees from previous day, less that of those whose labour contract ceased the same day. Employees who were not employed in full time are included in average number of employees, proportionally with the working time from the labour contract. Beginning with 2003 out of the daily total number taken into account when computing the average number excluded the employees whose labour contract/agreement was suspended according to the Law no. 53/2003 - Labour Code, art. 49-54, regarding the Suspension of the individual labour contract and the Law no. 161/2003 regarding suspension of the work agreement (examples: maternity leave, temporarily labour disability leave, exercising a function within an executive, legislative or judiciary authority during duration of the mandate a.s.o.). Number of employees on December 31 (number of employees) represents the number of employees employed with individual labour contract with definite or non-definite duration, with full or part-time (including those with suspended labour contract/agreement) existent in the enterprise records at the end of the year. The employees detached abroad and those who hold more than one position and are not having the main position at the reporting unit are not included. The breakdown of employees by activity of the national economy was carried out according to homogeneous activity of the enterprise and by county according to the locality where they work. Registered unemployed represent persons who fulfill the cumulative conditions stipulated by the Law no.76/2002 regarding the system of unemployment insurance and employment incentives and who register to the employment agency in the territorial zone they have domicile or, by case, residence, or to another provider of employment services, functioning according to the law, in order to get a job.

Conform legislaiei n vigoare, calitatea de omer o are persoana care ndeplinete cumulativ urmtoarele condiii: a) este n cutarea unui loc de munc de la vrsta de minimum 16 ani i pn la ndeplinirea condiiilor de pensionare; b) starea de sntate i capacitile fizice i psihice o fac apt pentru prestarea unei munci; c) nu are loc de munc, nu realizeaz venituri sau realizeaz din activiti autorizate potrivit legii, venituri mai mici dect valoarea indicatorului social de referin definit n textul Legii nr.76/2002; d) este disponibil s nceap lucrul n perioada imediat urmtoare dac s-ar gsi un loc de munc; Asimilai omerilor sunt: absolvenii instituiilor de nvmnt i absolvenii colilor speciale pentru persoane cu handicap n vrst de minim 16 ani, care, ntr-o perioad de 60 de zile de la absolvire, nu au reuit s se ncadreze n munc potrivit pregtirii profesionale; persoanele care nainte de efectuarea stagiului militar nu au fost ncadrate n munc i care ntr-o perioad de 30 de zile de la data lsrii lor la vatr nu s-au putut ncadra n munc; Rata omajului nregistrat reprezint raportul dintre numrul omerilor (nregistrai la ageniile pentru ocuparea forei de munc) i populaia activ civil (omeri + populaie ocupat civil, definit conform metodologiei balanei forei de munc). Locuri de munc vacante Rata locurilor de munc vacante reprezint raportul dintre numrul locurilor de munc vacante i numrul total al locurilor de munc (ocupate i vacante, exclusiv cele blocate sau destinate numai promovrii n interiorul ntreprinderii sau instituiei), exprimat procentual. Datele medii anuale privind numrul locurilor de munc vacante i numrul total de locuri de munc se calculeaz ca medii aritmetice simple ale datelor trimestriale corespunztoare fiecruia dintre cei doi indicatori. Numrul locurilor de munc vacante include numrul posturilor pltite, nou create, neocupate, sau care vor deveni vacante, pentru care: angajatorul ntreprinde aciuni concrete spre a gsi un candidat potrivit pentru ocuparea postului respectiv (exemple de aciuni concrete ntreprise de angajator: anunarea existenei locului vacant prin serviciile de ocupare a forei de munc, publicitate prin ziare, media, Internet, contactare direct a posibililor candidai etc.); angajatorul dorete ocuparea imediat sau ntr-o perioad specific de timp. Perioada maxim necesar ocuprii locului de munc vacant poate fi nelimitat.

According to the legislation in force, unemployed position is held by person who fulfills the following cumulative conditions: a) he is looking for a job from 16 years old at least to pension age; b) his health, his physical and psychical capacities make him able to work; c) he has no job, he gets no income or, from legal activities, he gets an income lower than the value of reference social indicator according to the Law no.76/2002; d) he is available to start work in the next period if he finds a job; Assimilated unemployed are: graduates of educational institutions and graduates of special schools for disabled persons aged 16 years at least, who, during a 60 days period since graduation, did not succeed in being employed according to their vocational training; persons who, before carrying out their military service, were not employed and who, during a 30 days period since the end of military service, could not be employed; Registered unemployment rate represents the ratio between the number of unemployed (registered at the agencies for employment) and civil economically active population (unemployed + civil employment, defined according to the methodology of labour force balance). Job vacancies Vacancies rate represents the ratio between the numbers of vacancies and total number of jobs (occupied and vacant, excluding the blocked ones or meant for promotion inside the enterprise or institution), expressed as percentage. Yearly average data on the number of vacancies and total number of jobs are calculated as simple arithmetic means of quarterly data corresponding to each of the two indicators. Number of vacancies includes the number of paid, newly created jobs, unoccupied or becoming vacancies, for which: employer takes concrete actions to find an adequate candidate for that job (examples of concrete actions taken by employer: announce of vacancy existence through employment services, advertising in the newspapers, mass media, internet, direct contact with possible candidates; employer whishes to occupy at once or in specific period of time. Maximum period needed to occupy the vacancy can be unlimited.

Sunt considerate locuri de munc vacante posturile destinate persoanelor din afara ntreprinderii (dar pe care pot concura i persoane din interiorul ntreprinderii), indiferent dac sunt posturi pe durat determinat sau nedeterminat, n program de lucru normal sau parial. Nu se consider vacante, posturile neocupate: destinate exclusiv promovrii persoanelor din interiorul ntreprinderii sau instituiei; din unitile administraiei publice, blocate printr-un act normativ. Posturile ocupate de persoanele care absenteaz o anumit perioad de timp (concedii de maternitate, pentru ngrijirea copilului, concedii medicale, concedii fr plat, alte absene), se consider vacante, dac angajatorul dorete substituirea pe perioad determinat (temporar) i dac ntreprinde aciuni de gsire a candidailor. Numrul total al locurilor de munc (ocupate i vacante) include efectivul salariailor la sfritul lunii (exclusiv cei cu contract de munc/raport de serviciu suspendat) i numrul locurilor de munc vacante.

There are considered vacancies those jobs for persons outside the enterprise (for which can also compete those from inside the enterprise) no matter if they are jobs for definite or indefinite period, full time or part time. There are not considered vacancies the unoccupied jobs: exclusively meant to promote persons from inside the enterprise; from units of public, local administration blocked by normative documents. Jobs occupied by persons who are absent a certain period of time (maternity leaves, child care, sick leaves, unpaid ones, others) are considered vacancies if the employer wishes substitution during definite or temporary period and if he looks for candidates. Total number of jobs (occupied and vacant) includes the number of employees at the end of the month (except those with suspended labour contract / agreement) and number of vacant jobs.

CONDIII DE MUNC
Accident de munc reprezint vtmarea violent a organismului, precum i intoxicaia acut profesional, care s-au produs n timpul procesului de munc, n ndeplinirea ndatoririlor de serviciu, indiferent de natura juridic a contractului n baza cruia se desfoar activitatea i care provoac incapacitatea temporar de munc de cel puin trei zile, invaliditate sau deces. n raport cu urmrile produse i cu numrul persoanelor accidentate, accidentul de munc se clasific n: accident care produce incapacitate temporar de munc de cel puin 3 zile; accident care produce invaliditate; accident mortal; accident colectiv, respectiv cel n care sunt accidentate n acelai timp i din aceeai cauz cel puin trei persoane. Rata accidentelor de munc reprezint frecvena de accidentare sau numrul accidentailor ce revin la 1000 salariai. Conflictele de interese se refer la ntreruperile temporare ale lucrului declanate, n general, n scopuri revendicative sau pentru normalizarea raporturilor de munc dintre unitate, pe de o parte, i salariaii acesteia, pe de alt parte conform Legii nr.168/1999 privind soluionarea conflictelor de munc. Greva constituie o ncetare colectiv i voluntar a lucrului ntr-o unitate, conform Legii nr. 168/1999.

WORKING CONDITIONS
Accident at work represents the violent body injury as well as the acute professional intoxication, taking place during labour process or when accomplishing duties at work, irrespective of the legal nature of contract on which the activity is based and which causes the temporary incapacity of work for at least three days, invalidity or death. According to consequences and to the number of persons injured, accidents at work are classified as follows: accident causing temporary incapacity of work for at least 3 days; accident causing invalidity; fatal accident at work; collective accident, when at least 3 persons are injured at the same time and due to the same cause. Rate of accidents at work represents accidents frequency or number of injured persons per 1000 employees. Conflicts of interest refer to work temporary interruptions, generally for claiming purposes or in view to normalize the labour relationships between the unit, on the one side, and its employees, on the other side according to the Law no.168/1999. Strike represents a collective and voluntary ceasing of work within a unit, according to the Law no. 168/1999.

Conform CAEN Rev.2 Industria include activitile de: industrie extractiv, industrie prelucrtoare, producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat, distribuia apei, salubritate, gestionarea deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare. Serviciile comerciale includ activitile de: comer, transport i depozitare, hoteluri i restaurante, informaii i comunicaii, intermedieri financiare i asigurri, tranzacii imobiliare, activiti profesionale, tiinifice i tehnice, activiti de servicii administrative i activiti de servicii suport. Serviciile sociale includ activitile de: administraie public i aprare, asigurri sociale din sistemul public, nvmnt, sntate i asisten social, activiti de spectacole culturale i recreeative i celelalte activiti ale economiei naionale.

According to CANE Rev.2 Industry includes: mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply, water supply, sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities. Trade services include: trade, transport and storage, hotels and restaurants, information and communication, financial intermediation and insurance, real estate activities, professional, scientific and technical activities, activities of administrative services and of support services. Social services include: public administration and defence, social insurance of public sector, education, health and social assistance, shows, culture and recreation activities, other activities of national economy.

3.G1
42,0%

Populaia ocupat civil, pe principalele activiti ale economiei naionale Civil employment, by main activities of national economy
2008 CAEN Rev. 2 / CANE Rev. 2 2009
28,7% 42,8%

27,5%

7,9%

22,6%

7,4%

21,1%

Agricultur, vntoare i silvicultur Agriculture, hunting and forestry Industrie1) Industry1)

Construcii Construction Servicii Services

1) Inclusiv producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat i distribuia apei; salubritate, gestionarea

deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare. / Including electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply and water supply; sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities.

3.G2
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Structura populaiei ocupate, dup statutul profesional, pe sexe i medii, n anul 2009 Employment structure, by status in employment, by sex and area, in 2009
%

12,0 19,4 1,4

6,1 24,9 2,0

19,2 12,5 0,8

1,0 5,4 2,0

25,1

36,1 67,2 67,0 67,5 91,6 0,7 38,1

Total
Salariat Employee Patron Employer

Masculin Male

Feminin Female

Urban

Rural

Lucrtor pe cont propriu i membru al unei societi agricole sau al unei cooperative Self employed and member of an agricultural holding or of a co-operative Lucrtor familial neremunerat Contributing family worker

3.G3

Structura populaiei ocupate n activiti neagricole, pe sexe, n anul 2009 Employment structure in non-agricultural activities, by sex, in 2009
CAEN Rev.2 / CANE Rev.2 Total

22,0%

31,3%

Masculin / Male

Feminin / Female

15,3%

32,8%

35,6%

11,1%

30,6%

29,3%

34,0%

17,9%
Industrie Industry Construcii Construction

37,7%
Servicii comerciale Trade services Servicii sociale Social services

2,4%

Not: Industria include activitile de: industrie extractiv, industrie prelucrtoare, producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat, distribuia apei, salubritate, gestionarea deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare. Serviciile comerciale includ activitile de: comer, transport i depozitare, hoteluri i restaurante, informaii i comunicaii, intermedieri financiare i asigurri, tranzacii imobiliare, activiti profesionale, tiinifice i tehnice, activiti de servicii administrative i activiti de servicii suport. Serviciile sociale includ activitile de: administraie public i aprare, asigurri sociale din sistemul public, nvmnt, sntate i asisten social, activiti de spectacole culturale i recreeative i celelalte activiti ale economiei naionale. Note: Industry includes: mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply, water supply, sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities. Trade services include: trade, transport and storage, hotels and restaurants, information and communication, financial intermediation and insurance, real estate activities, professional, scientific and technical activities, activities of administrative services and of support services. Social services include: public administration and defence, social insurance of public sector, education, health and social assistance, shows, culture and recreation activities, other activities of national economy.

3.G4
5500 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0

Evoluia numrului mediu al salariailor Evolution of average number of employees

mii persoane / thou persons

4469

4559

4667

4885

5046

4774

2554

2765

2948

3148

3339

3085

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Numrul mediu al salariailor - total Average number of employees - total Numrul mediu al salariailor din sectorul integral privat1) Average number of employees from integral private sector1)
1) Include: proprietate integral privat, proprietate integral strin. / Including: private integral ownership, foreign integral ownership.

3.G5
800

Numrul omerilor nregistrai i rata omajului nregistrat Number of registered unemployed and unemployment rate
%

mii persoane / thou persons

7,8 6,3 5,6 5,9 5,2 5,2 4,0 3,9 368 191 2006 167 2007 4,4 4,4 403 187 2008 709 302 7,1

600

400

4,6 460 219 2005

200

558 235

523

0 2004 2009

Numrul omerilor nregistrai - total Number of registered unemployed - total Numrul omerilor nregistrai - femei Number of registered unemployed - women

Rata omajului - total Unemployment rate - total Rata omajului - femei Unemployment rate - women

3.G6
25 20 15 10 5 0

Rata omajului BIM, pe grupe de vrst, sexe i medii, n anul 2009 ILO unemployment rate, by age group, sex and area, in 2009
%

21,2 20,1

8,0 5,6 15-24 25-34

6,0 4,8 35-44

6,1 5,0 45-54 3,0 1,1 55 i peste and over

ani / years

Masculin Male

Feminin Female

% 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 15-24 25-34 15,5 7,4 6,2 27,1

6,0 4,7 35-44

6,7 4,1 3,9 45-54 1,2 55 i peste and over

ani / years

Urban

Rural

Sursa: Cercetarea statistic asupra forei de munc n gospodrii (AMIGO) - 2009. Source: Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) - 2009.

PIAA FOREI DE MUNC

FORA DE MUNC 3.1 Populaia dup participarea la activitatea economic, pe sexe i medii 3.2 Ratele de activitate, ocupare i omaj BIM, dup nivelul de educaie, pe sexe i medii 3.3 Structura populaiei ocupate, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe grupe de vrst, n anul 2009 3.4 Structura populaiei ocupate, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i dup statutul profesional, n anul 2009 3.5 Structura populaiei, dup participarea la activitatea economic, pe grupe de vrst, sexe i medii, n anul 2009 3.6 Structura populaiei ocupate, dup nivelul de educaie, pe grupe de vrst, sexe i medii, n anul 2009 3.7 Structura populaiei ocupate, pe grupe de ocupaii, grupe de vrst, sexe i medii, n anul 2009 3.8 Structura populaiei ocupate, dup statutul profesional, pe grupe de vrst, sexe i medii, n anul 2009 3.9 Populaia ocupat civil, pe activiti ale economiei naionale (la sfritul anului) 3.10 Populaia ocupat civil, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe forme de proprietate, n anul 2009 (la sfritul anului) 3.11 Numrul mediu al salariailor, pe activiti ale economiei naionale 3.12 Numrul mediu al salariailor, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe sexe 3.13 Numrul mediu al salariailor, pe forme de proprietate, clase de mrime ale ntreprinderilor i pe sexe 3.14 Numrul mediu al salariailor, pe activiti ale industriei 3.15 Numrul mediu al salariailor, pe activiti ale industriei i pe sexe 3.16 Salariaii, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe sexe, la 31 decembrie 2009 3.17 Salariaii, pe activiti ale industriei i pe sexe, la 31 decembrie 2009 3.18 omerii nregistrai i rata omajului (la sfritul anului) 3.19 Persoanele cuprinse n cursuri de formare profesional 3.20 omerii nregistrai, dup nivelul de educaie i pe grupe de vrst, la 31 decembrie 2009 3.21 omerii nregistrai, beneficiari de indemnizaii de omaj, pe grupe de vrst i dup durata omajului, la 31 decembrie 2009 3.22 omajul BIM de lung durat, pe sexe i medii CONDIII DE MUNC 3.23 Numrul accidentailor n munc, pe activiti ale economiei naionale, n anul 2009 3.24 Revendicrile care au declanat conflicte de interese 3.25 Conflictele de interese i frecvena lor lunar 3.26 Greve declanate, cu respectarea procedurii prevzute n Legea nr. 168 / 1999 3.27 Conflictele de interese, pe activiti ale economiei naionale 3.28 Rata locurilor de munc vacante, pe activiti ale economiei naionale 3.29 Rata locurilor de munc vacante, pe grupe majore de ocupaii Teritorial 3.30 Populaia dup participarea la activitatea economic, n profil teritorial, pe sexe i medii 3.31 Ratele de activitate, ocupare i omaj BIM, n profil teritorial, dup nivelul de educaie, pe sexe i medii, n anul 2009 3.32 Structura populaiei, dup participarea la activitatea economic, n profil teritorial, pe grupe de vrst, sexe i medii, n anul 2009 3.33 Structura populaiei ocupate, n profil teritorial, dup nivelul de educaie, pe grupe de vrst,sexe i medii, n anul 2009 3.34 Structura populaiei ocupate, n profil teritorial, dup statutul profesional, pe grupe de vrst, sexe i medii, n anul 2009 3.35 Structura populaiei ocupate, n profil teritorial, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe grupe de vrst, n anul 2009 3.36 Populaia ocupat civil, n profil teritorial i pe activiti ale economiei naionale, n anul 2009 (la sfritul anului) 3.37 Numrul mediu al salariailor, n profil teritorial 3.38 Numrul mediu al salariailor, n profil teritorial i pe sexe 3.39 Numrul mediu al salariailor, n profil teritorial i pe activiti ale economiei naionale, n anul 2009 3.40 omerii nregistrai i rata omajului, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2009 3.41 omerii nregistrai, n profil teritorial, pe categorii de personal i nivel de educaie, la 31 decembrie 2009 3.42 omajul BIM de lung durat, n profil teritorial, pe sexe i medii 3.43 Rata locurilor de munc vacante, pe activiti ale economiei naionale, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 3.44 Rata locurilor de munc vacante, pe grupe majore de ocupaii, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 3.45 Numrul accidentailor n munc, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 3.46 Conflictele de interese, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009

VENITURILE, CHELTUIELILE I CONSUMUL POPULAIEI POPULATION INCOME, EXPENDITURE AND CONSUMPTION

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Cercetarea statistic a bugetelor de familie; Cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de munc, n unitile economico-sociale (conform Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 530/1999 privind statisticile structurii ctigurilor salariale i costului forei de munc); Cercetarea statistic lunar asupra ctigurilor salariale, n unitile economico-sociale (conform Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 1165/1998 i nr. 1158/2005 privind statisticile pe termen scurt); Cercetarea statistic a salariilor, n luna octombrie, n unitile economico-sociale; Alte cercetri statistice asupra produciei industriale i agricole; Legislaia n vigoare la 1 iulie a anului pentru care se calculeaz indicatorul. Surse administrative: Direcia Poliiei Rutiere din cadrul Inspectoratului General al Poliiei Romne, pentru datele privind autovehiculele nscrise n circulaie; Statistica vamal; Evidenele societilor de telefonie; Compania Naional Pota Romn.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Family budgets survey; Labour cost survey, in socio- economic units (according to Regulation (EC) no. 530/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning structural statistics on earnings and on labour costs); Monthly survey on earnings, in socio-economic units (according to Regulation (EC) no.1165/1998 and no. 1158/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning short-term statistics); Survey on salaries, in October, in socio-economic units; Other surveys on industrial and agriculture production; The national legislation in force on July 1st of the year for which the structural indicator is computed. Administrative sources: Road Police Directorate within General Inspectorate of Romanian Police, for data regarding registered motor vehicles; Customs statistics; Phone companies records; National Company Romanian Post.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
VENITURILE POPULAIEI Cercetarea statistic a bugetelor de familie permite colectarea informaiilor privind componena gospodriilor, veniturile, cheltuielile i consumul acestora i alte aspecte ale nivelului de trai al populaiei. Ancheta este organizat ca o cercetare trimestrial continu pe o perioad de 3 luni consecutive, pe un eantion de 9360 locuine permanente, repartizate n subeantioane lunare independente de cte 3120 locuine permanente. Cercetarea s-a desfurat n 780 centre de cercetare repartizate n toate judeele rii i n sectoarele municipiului Bucureti (427 n mediul urban i 353 n mediul rural). Includerea unei gospodrii ntr-o anumit categorie socio-economic s-a realizat pe baza statutului ocupaional principal al capului gospodriei. n categoria Agricultori s-au inclus gospodriile de lucrtori pe cont propriu n agricultur i membrii asociaiilor agricole. n cadrul gospodriilor de Pensionari s-au inclus i pensionarii agricoli. Gruparea gospodriilor pe decile de venit s-a efectuat pe baza venitului total pe o persoan, deflatat cu indicele preurilor de consum al populaiei cu baz ianuarie 2009. Decilele mpart seria gospodriilor ordonate cresctor dup nivelul venitului mediu lunar pe o persoan n 10 pri egale (grupe decilice).

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
POPULATION INCOME Family budgets survey allows to collect information on households composition, income, expenditure and consumption and other aspects of population living standard. The survey is organized as a quarterly continuous survey for a period of 3 successive months, on a sample of 9360 permanent dwellings, distributed in monthly independent sub-samples of 3120 permanent dwellings. The survey has been carried out in 780 survey centers distributed in all counties of the country and in Bucharest Municipality sectors (427 in urban area and 353 in rural area). A household was included in a certain socioeconomic category based on the main occupational status of the household reference person. The category Farmers includes households of self-employed in agriculture and members of agricultural associations. The households of Pensioners also include agricultural pensioners. Households were grouped by income deciles based on total income per person, deflated by population consumer price index with January 2009 as base. The deciles divide the household series structured ascending according to the level of monthly average income per person into 10 equal parts (decile groups).

Cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de munc: caracteristicile cercetrii sunt prezentate n capitolul nr. 3 - Piaa forei de munc (pagina 85). Cercetarea statistic lunar asupra ctigurilor salariale asigur producerea informaiilor necesare pentru evaluarea tendinelor pe termen scurt ale ctigurilor salariale medii i ale numrului de salariai la nivel de activiti ale economiei naionale. Cercetarea se realizeaz cu periodicitate lunar, fiind cercetate circa 24000 ntreprinderi i uniti locale. Unitile din sectorul bugetar sunt cuprinse exhaustiv n cercetare, excepie fcnd unitile administraiei publice locale pentru care datele la nivelul consiliilor locale comunale se culeg pe baz de eantion reprezentativ la nivel de jude (cca. 770 de uniti). Pentru sectorul economic, au fost incluse n cercetare unitile cu 4 salariai i peste, care reprezint 92,73% din numrul total al salariailor din acest sector. Sunt excluse forele armate i personalul asimilat (M.Ap.N., M.A.I., S.R.I. etc.). Rezultatele acestei cercetri sunt utilizate pentru calculul indicilor trimestriali ai costului orar al forei de munc. Cercetarea statistic asupra salariilor n luna octombrie este o cercetare statistic anual care are ca obiectiv asigurarea informaiilor privind numrul de salariai pe grupe de salarii de baz i realizate, pe grupe majore de ocupaii, salariul mediu brut de baz i realizat, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe sexe, n luna octombrie. Se realizeaz pe un eantion de circa 23600 de operatori economici i sociali. Sunt excluse forele armate i personalul asimilat (M.Ap.N., M.A.I., S.R.I. etc.). Structura veniturilor pe surse de provenien este determinat de caracterul eterogen al gospodriilor, n funcie de statutul ocupaional al membrilor acestora. n anul 2009, componena gospodriilor pe categorii de gospodrii, dup statutul ocupaional al membrilor gospodriei se prezint astfel:

Labour cost survey: the characteristics of the survey are presented in chapter no. 3 - Labour market (page 85). Monthly survey on earnings ensures the necessary information for evaluating the average earnings short-term trends and number of employees at level of activities of the national economy. The survey is monthly carried out by observing approximately 24000 enterprises and local units. The units of the budgetary sector are exhaustively surveyed, excepting the local public administration units for which the data at communal local councils level are collected based on a sample, representative at county level (about 770 units). As for the economic sector, the units with 4 employees and over have been included in the survey, these accounting for 92,73% of total number of employees in this sector. The military staff, as well as the assimilated staff (Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Administration and Interior, Romanian Intelligence Service etc.) is excluded. The results of this survey are used when computing the quarterly indices of hourly labour cost. The survey on salaries in October is a yearly statistical survey having as objective to ensure the information about the number of employees by basic and obtained salary group, by major occupation group, basic and obtained average gross salary, by activity of national economy and by sex, in October. It is carried out on a sample of approximately 23600 economic and social operators.The military staff, as well as the assimilated staff (Ministry of National Defence, Ministry of Administration and Interior, Romanian Intelligence Service etc.) is excluded. Income structure by origin source is determined by the heterogeneous character of households, depending on the occupational status of their members. In 2009, the composition of households by household category, by occupational status of household members is presented as follows:

numr mediu de persoane / gospodrie / average number of persons / husehold

Statutul ocupaional al membrilor gospodriei Total persoane Persoane active Salariai Patroni i lucrtori pe cont propriu n activiti neagricole1) Agricultori omeri Persoane inactive Pensionari Elevi i studeni Casnice Alte persoane
1)

Total gospodrii din care, gospodrii de: / of which, households of: Total Salariai Agricultori omeri Pensionari households Employees Farmers Unemployed Pensioners 2,905 1,282 0,847 0,114 0,189 0,132 1,623 0,688 0,479 0,156 0,300 3,161 1,917 1,738 0,031 0,050 0,098 1,244 0,120 0,661 0,161 0,302 3,482 1,729 0,210 0,102 1,382 0,035 1,753 0,095 0,718 0,176 0,764 3,368 1,992 0,590 0,112 0,048 1,242 1,376 0,144 0,644 0,221 0,367 2,463 0,564 0,326 0,055 0,103 0,080 1,899 1,405 0,215 0,107 0,172

Occupational status of household members Total persons Economically active persons Employees Employers and self-employed in non-agricultural activities1) Farmers Unemployed Non-economically active persons Pensioners Pupils and students Housewives Other persons

Inclusiv membrii cooperativelor neagricole. / Including members of non-agricultural holdings.

Veniturile totale cuprind: veniturile bneti pe surse de provenien (salarii, venituri din activiti pe cont propriu, vnzri, ajutoare de omaj, pensii, alocaii pentru copii, burse i alte prestaii de protecie social, venituri din proprieti etc.); contravaloarea prestaiilor (mrfuri i servicii) gratuite sau cu reducere de pre, evaluat la preul de vnzare al unitii ofertante; contravaloarea consumului de produse alimentare i nealimentare din resurse proprii (producie, stoc etc.), determinat pe baza preurilor medii lunare ale produselor respective. Ctigul salarial nominal brut cuprinde: salariile, respectiv drepturile n bani i n natur cuvenite salariailor pentru munca efectiv prestat (inclusiv pentru timpul lucrat suplimentar), potrivit formei de salarizare aplicat, sporurile i indemnizaiile acordate ca procentaj din salariu sau n sume fixe, alte adaosuri la salarii potrivit legii, sumele pltite pentru timpul nelucrat (indemnizaiile pentru concediile de odihn i de studii, zile de srbtoare i alte zile libere, sumele pltite din fondul de salarii pentru concediile medicale), premiile, primele de vacan i alte sume pltite din fondul de salarii potrivit prevederilor legislaiei n vigoare sau contractelor colective de munc; sumele pltite din profitul net i din alte fonduri (inclusiv contravaloarea tichetelor de mas). Ctigul salarial nominal net se calculeaz scznd din sumele brute aferente ctigului salarial nominal brut urmtoarele elemente: impozitul aferent; contribuia salariailor la bugetul asigurrilor pentru omaj; contribuia individual de asigurri sociale de stat; contribuia salariailor pentru asigurrile sociale de sntate. Indicele ctigului salarial real se calculeaz ca raport ntre indicele ctigului salarial nominal mediu net i indicele general al preurilor de consum al populaiei, exprimat procentual. Costul forei de munc reprezint totalitatea cheltuielilor suportate de angajator pentru fora de munc i anume: sume brute pltite direct salariailor (cheltuieli directe): salarii, sume pltite pentru timpul nelucrat, premii i alte stimulente, drepturi n natur pltite din fondul de salarii sau din alte fonduri, sume pentru protecia social din fondul de salarii i din contribuia de asigurri sociale; alte cheltuieli ale unitii cu fora de munc (cheltuieli indirecte) pentru formarea profesional,

Total income include: money income by origin sources (salaries, income from own account activities, sales, unemployment benefits, pensions, children allowances, scholarships and other allowances of social protection, income from properties a.s.o.); equivalent value of free or lower cost provisions (sales and services), estimated at selling price of offerer; equivalent value of consumption of food and non-food products from own resources (production, stock a.s.o.), determined based on monthly average prices of respective products. The gross nominal earnings includes: salaries, in cash and in kind for employees actually done work (including for supplementary worked time), according to the salary type applied, bonuses and indemnities granted as salary percentage or as fixed amounts, other bonuses according to the law, amounts paid for unworked time (indemnities for holiday and study leaves, holidays and other free days, amounts paid from salary funds for medical leaves), premiums, holiday bonuses and other amounts paid from salary funds according to the legislation provisions in force or to employment collective contracts; amounts paid from net profit and other funds (including equivalent value of lunch tickets). The net nominal earnings is calculated by subtracting from gross sums related to gross nominal earning the following elements: afferent tax; employees contribution to unemployment insurance budget; individual contribution to state social insurance; employees contribution to health insurance. The real earnings index is calculated as a ratio between the average net nominal earnings index and the population general consumer price index, expressed as percentage. The labour cost represents all the expenditure supported by the employer for the labour force, namely: gross amounts directly paid to employees (direct expenditure): salaries, amounts paid for unworked time, premiums and other incentives, rights in kind paid from salary funds or from other funds, amounts for social protection from salary funds and from social insurance contribution; other expenditure of the unit with labour force (indirect expenditure) for vocational training,

contribuii pentru ajutorul de omaj i asigurri sociale, servicii pentru protecie social, alte cheltuieli. Costul mediu lunar al forei de munc pe un salariat s-a calculat prin raportarea cheltuielilor unitii pentru fora de munc la numrul mediu al salariailor i numrul de luni ale anului. Costul mediu orar al forei de munc s-a calculat prin raportarea cheltuielilor unitii pentru fora de munc la numrul de ore-om pltite. Indicele trimestrial al costului forei de munc este un indicator pe termen scurt care permite evaluarea tendinelor costurilor orare suportate de angajator cu fora de munc salariat. Metodologia utilizat i seriile de date sunt construite n conformitate cu prevederile Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 450/2003 privind indicii costului forei de munc. Indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc se calculeaz ca indici de tip Laspeyres, pentru costul total cu fora de munc i cele dou componente ale acestuia: cheltuieli directe (salariale) i cheltuieli indirecte (non-salariale), cu anul de referin 2008 pentru activitile economice definite conform CAEN Rev.2. Indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc sunt calculai ca indici provizorii pentru anul (N), urmnd a fi recalculai ca definitivi n anul (N+1), cnd devin disponibile datele (date definitive) din ancheta anual asupra costului forei de munc. Sursa datelor: Calculul indicilor trimestriali ai costului orar al forei de munc se realizeaz pe baza informaiilor obinute din dou surse de date statistice: Cercetarea statistic lunar asupra ctigurilor salariale (conform Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 1165/1998 i nr.1158/2005 privind statisticile pe termen scurt); Cercetarea statistic anual asupra costului forei de munc (conform Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr.530/1999 privind statisticile structurii ctigurilor salariale i costului forei de munc). Datele pentru perioada 2000-2008 au fost estimate conform noii Clasificri a Activitilor din Economia Naional (CAEN Rev.2), armonizat cu clasificarea european n domeniu (NACE Rev.2). Metoda de estimare aplicat se bazeaz pe matricea de conversie a activitilor economice definite conform CAEN Rev.1, n activitile economice definite conform CAEN Rev.2. La baza construirii matricei de conversie au stat datele colectate conform ambelor versiuni de CAEN, prin cercetarea statistic lunar asupra ctigurilor salariale, n cursul anului 2008, respectiv prin cercetarea statistic anual asupra costului forei de munc, pentru anul 2007.

contributions to unemployment benefit and social insurance, social protection services, other expenditure. Monthly average labour cost per employee is calculated as the ratio between the units expenditure for labour force and the average number of employees and the number of months during one year. Average hourly labour cost is calculated as the ratio between the units expenditure for labour force and the number of hours - man paid. The quarterly labour cost index is a short-term indicator showing the assessment of hourly labour costs trends incurred by the employers as result of engaging the labour work force. The methodology used and data series built up are in accordance with the Regulation (EC) no. 450/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the labour cost index. The quarterly labour cost indices are calculated as Laspeyres type indices for total labour cost and its main components: wages and salaries and other labour costs (non-wage costs), with reference year 2008 for economic activities according to CANE Rev.2. The quarterly labour cost indices are calculated as provisional indices for year (N) and recalculated as final during year (N+1), when the data (final data) from the annual survey on labour costs become available. Data source: Quarterly labour cost indices are calculated based on the information obtained from two statistical data sources: Monthly statistical survey on earnings (according to the Regulation of European Council and Parliament no. 1165/1998 and no. 1158/2005 regarding statistics of earnings and labour cost structure); Yearly statistical survey on labour cost (according to the Regulation of European Council and Parliament no. 530/1999 regarding statistics of earnings and labour cost structure). Data for 2000-2008 period were estimated according to the new Classification of Activities in the National Economy (CANE Rev.2), compliant with the European classification in this field (NACE Rev.2). The estimation method applied relies on the conversion matrix of economic activities defined according to CANE Rev. 1 in economic activities defined according to CANE Rev.2. Conversion matrix was built based on data collected according to both CANE versions, by means of monthly statistical survey on earnings, during 2008, respectively by means of yearly statistical survey on labour cost for 2007.

Costul total cu fora de munc - reprezint totalitatea cheltuielilor directe i indirecte suportate de angajator cu fora de munc salariat. Conform metodologiei europene, se exclud cheltuielile suportate de angajator cu formarea profesional a angajailor, recrutarea personalului i echipamentul de protecie. Cheltuielile directe cu fora de munc - includ sumele brute pltite din fondul de salarii pentru timpul lucrat (inclusiv premii), pentru timpul nelucrat, drepturile n natur ca remunerare a muncii (potrivit prevederilor din contractele colective de munc), sumele brute pltite salariailor (ca stimulente) din profitul net realizat de unitate, sumele brute pltite din alte fonduri (inclusiv drepturi n natur) acordate conform legislaiei n vigoare. Cheltuielile indirecte cu fora de munc - includ contribuiile angajatorului la fondurile de asigurri i protecie social (omaj, sntate etc.), sumele brute pltite salariailor care prsesc unitatea (ieire la pensie, transfer, detaare etc.), sumele brute pltite pentru ntreruperi ale lucrului neimputabile salariailor, alte cheltuieli cu fora de munc. Costul mediu orar al fortei de munc reprezint raportul dintre cheltuielile angajatorului cu fora de munc i timpul efectiv lucrat. Timpul efectiv lucrat cuprinde numrul total de ore lucrate n program normal de lucru i numrul de ore lucrate suplimentar (n zilele lucrtoare, peste programul normal de lucru i n zilele de repaus sptmnal, srbtori legale i alte zile nelucrtoare). Sfera de acoperire: ncepnd cu anul 2008, indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc se calculeaz pentru activitile economice definite, conform Clasificrii Activitilor din Economia Naional (CAEN Rev.2), armonizat cu clasificarea european n domeniu (NACE Rev.2). Pe lng seria indicilor trimestriali ai costului forei de munc n form brut (neajustat) se calculeaz i seriile n form: a) ajustat dup efectul zilelor lucrtoare; b) ajustat dup efectul zilelor lucrtoare i sezonier, eliminndu-se efectul variaiei numrului de zile lucrtoare de la un trimestru la altul, precum i efectul variaiei sezoniere. Ajustarea s-a realizat prin metoda regresiv, n conformitate cu recomandrile Regulamentului Consiliului i Parlamentului European nr. 450/2003 privind indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc. Pentru ajustare s-a folosit pachetul de programe DEMETRA (metoda TRAMO/SEATS), care realizeaz estimarea efectului numrului de zile lucrtoare diferit de la un trimestru la altul i efectul calendarului (Patele ortodox, an bisect i alte srbtori naionale) precum i identificarea i corectarea valorilor extreme (schimbri ocazionale de nivel, tranzitorii sau permanente).

Total labour cost - represent the total expenditure direct remuneration and other expenditure incurred by the employer as result of engaging the labour work force. According to European methodology, vocational training costs, recruitment costs and expenditure on working clothes are excluded. Wage and salary costs - include gross payments as direct remuneration for hours worked (including bonuses), payment for days not worked, payments in kind (according to collective agreements), gross payment from net profit of the unit, gross payments from other funds (including in kind) according to national legislation in force. Other labour costs (non-wage costs) - include the employers social contributions (for unemployment, health etc.), gross payment for employees leaving the unit (retirement, transfer, detachment etc.), gross payments for work breaks not-imputed to the employees, other labour costs. Average hourly labour cost represents the ratio between the employers costs as result of employing the labour work force and the number of hours actually worked. Number of hours actually worked includes the total number of hours worked during the usual working time and the over time (additional to the normal working hours, during the weekends, holidays etc.). Coverage: Starting with 2008, quarterly labour cost indices are calculated for economic activities defined, according to the Classification of Activities in the National Economy (CANE Rev. 2), harmonized with European classification in the field NACE (Rev.2). Besides quarterly indices series of unadjusted labour cost, the following series are calculated: adjusted by working days effect; adjusted by working days and seasonal effect, being eliminated the effect of working days variation from one quarter to another, as well as effect of seasonal variation. Adjustment was done by regressive method, according to the recommendations of European Parliament and Council Regulation no. 450/2003 regarding quarterly indices of labour cost. For adjustment, the DEMETRA software package was used (TRAMO/SEATS method) estimating the effect of working days number different from one quarter to another and calendar effect (orthodox Easter, leap year and other national holidays) as well as identification and correction of extreme values (level occasional changes, transitory or permanent). a) b)

Seria ajustat dup numrul de zile lucrtoare s-a obinut prin eliminarea acestor efecte din seria brut, cu ajutorul unor coeficieni de corecie, stabilii n funcie de modelul de regresie utilizat (aditiv sau multiplicativ). Ajustarea s-a realizat prin metoda indirect, respectiv prin aplicarea metodei de ajustare la nivelurile inferioare (asupra componentelor indicilor), indicii ajustai calculndu-se din componentele ajustate. Estimarea componentelor neobservate: trend-ciclu, sezonalitate i componenta neregulat se realizeaz de ctre programul SEATS pe baza modelelor ARIMA. Seriile ajustate sezonier s-au obinut prin eliminarea componentei sezoniere din seria ajustat dup efectul zilelor lucrtoare. Stabilirea modelelor de regresie folosite pentru fiecare serie se face anual i implic recalcularea seriilor ajustate calculate n anul precedent (recalculare datorat modificrii modelelor adoptate, numrului de regresori folosit i numrului de observaii disponibile). Disparitatea salarial de gen - n form neajustat, reprezint ponderea diferenei dintre ctigul salarial mediu brut realizat de brbai i cel realizat de femei n ctigul salarial brut realizat de brbai. Sfera de acoperire: Cercetarea statistic asupra salariilor n luna octombrie. Urmtorii indicatori structurali (sarcina fiscal asupra costului forei de munc, capcana omajului, capcana salariului mic, sarcina fiscal asupra ctigului disponibil) se calculeaz - conform metodologiei Eurostat i OECD pentru o unitate etalon (notat n continuare cu AW) reprezentat de salariatul cu program complet de lucru din activitile de industrie, construcii i servicii comerciale (seciunile C - K, conform CAEN Rev.1, respectiv seciunile B - N, conform CAEN Rev.2 ncepnd cu anul de referin 2008). Sarcina fiscal asupra costului forei de munc reprezint proporia tuturor reinerilor (contribuii sociale i impozit) suportate de angajat i de angajator n totalul costului forei de munc pentru un AW care realizeaz 67% din ctigul mediu brut al activitilor de industrie, construcii i servicii comerciale. Capcana omajului - permite evaluarea consecinelor financiare n cazul transferului din omaj n cmpul muncii ca AW care realizeaz 67% din ctigul mediu brut al activitilor de industrie, construcii i servicii comerciale. Indicatorul msoar proporia sumelor reinute din ctigul brut ca efect al impozitrii i plii contribuiilor de asigurri i protecie social i sistarea indemnizaiei de omaj i a altor beneficii sociale, n condiiile n care o persoan iese din omaj i intr n cmpul muncii.

Adjusted series by working days number was obtained by eliminating these effects from the adjusted series, by means of some correction coefficients, set up according to the regression model used (additive or multiplicative). Adjustment was done by indirect method, respectively applying the adjustment method at lower levels (over indices components), adjusted indices being calculated from adjusted components. Estimation of unobserved components trend-cycle, seasonality and irregular component is carried out by SEATS software based on ARIMA models. Seasonal adjusted series were obtained by eliminating seasonal components from adjusted series by working days effect. Regression models used for each series are yearly set up and involve recalculation of adjusted series calculated in the previous year (recalculation due to the change of adopted models, number of regression used and number of available observations). Gender pay gap - in unadjusted form, express the difference between mens and womens average gross earnings as a percentage of mens average gross earnings. Coverage: The statistical survey on salaries in October. The following structural indicators (tax wedge on labour cost, unemployment trap, low wage trap, tax rate on disposable earnings) are calculated - according to the Eurostat and OECD methodology - for an average worker (noted further on as AW) who is a full-time employee working in activities of industry, construction and commercial services (sections C - K of CANE Rev.1, respectively sections B - N according to CANE Rev.2 since reference year 2008). Tax wedge on labour cost - is defined as share of total tax rates and social security contributions payable by the employee and employer in the gross labour costs for an AW who earns 67% of the average gross earnings of the activities on industry, construction and commercial services. Unemployment trap - measures the financial consequences of an AW, earning 67% of the average gross earnings of the activities on industry, construction and commercial services, who moves from unemployment to employment. Unemployment trap measures what percentage of gross earnings is taxed away by higher tax and social security contributions, and also the withdrawal of unemployment and other social benefits, under the conditions where a person is no longer unemployed and become employed person.

Indicatorul reprezint ponderea diferenei dintre ctigul brut i creterea venitului net (cnd iese din omaj i intr n cmpul muncii) n ctigul brut. Indicatorul se calculeaz pentru dou cazuri particulare: fr rencadrare n munc pe durata perioadei de omaj - caz n care se evalueaz consecinele financiare n cazul transferului din omaj n cmpul muncii, dar nu n timpul perioadei de omaj, ci la un moment de timp ulterior, nespecificat; cu rencadrare n munc dup 2 luni de omaj - caz n care se evalueaz consecinele financiare n cazul transferului din omaj n cmpul muncii, dup 2 luni de omaj. n acest caz, conform prevederilor legale, persoana beneficiaz din momentul angajrii pn la sfritul perioadei pentru care era ndreptit s primeasc indemnizaia de omaj, de o sum lunar suplimentar. Acest caz este introdus conform metodologiei revizuite a OECD i este relevant pentru politicile de ncurajare a rencadrrii n munc a omerilor. Capcana salariului mic - permite evaluarea consecinelor financiare n cazul n care o persoan salariat i mrete efortul de munc depus i implicit, nivelul salariului ctigat, adic, msoar proporia sumelor reinute din ctigul brut ca efect al impozitrii, plii contribuiilor de asigurri, protecie social i orice alte reduceri sau sistri ale beneficiilor sociale, n condiiile n care are loc o cretere a ctigului brut. Indicatorul reprezint ponderea diferenei dintre creterea ctigului brut i cea a venitului net (creteri determinate de mrirea efortului de munc) n creterea ctigului brut. Indicatorul se calculeaz pentru dou cazuri particulare: persoan necstorit, fr copii, n ipoteza n care, de la un nivel al ctigului de 33% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al unui AW ar atinge un nivel al ctigului de 67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al unui AW; cuplu cstorit, cu doi copii, din care un singur printe lucreaz, n ipoteza n care, de la un nivel al ctigului de 33% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al unui AW ar atinge un nivel al ctigului de 67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al unui AW. Sarcina fiscal asupra ctigului disponibil exprim cota corespunztoare tuturor reinerilor (contribuii sociale individuale i impozit) aplicate ctigurilor brute formate din ctiguri salariale i sume transferate de stat sub form de alocaii acordate familiei. n determinarea indicatorului se iau n calcul ctigurile brute i nete pentru 13 cazuri particulare care in cont de starea civil, numrul ctigtorilor de salarii (din familie) i numrul de copii n ntreinere:

Unemployment trap express a report between the gross earnings and the growing of net incomes (when the employee moves from unemployment to employment). The indicator is calculated for two particular cases: without rehiring during unemployment period - when there are evaluated financial consequences in case of unemployment transfer in labour field, but not during unemployment period, at a subsequent time moment not specified. with rehiring after two unemployment months -when there are evaluated financial consequences in case of unemployment transfer in labour field, after two unemployment months. In this case, according to legal stipulations, person benefits from hiring moment till the end of period due to receive unemployment indemnity, of an additional monthly amount. This case is introduced according to OECD revised methodology and it is relevant for policies encouraging the unemployed rehiring. Low wage trap - measures the financial consequences for a person or a family when the employed person increases his/her work effort and implicitly the achieved earnings, i.e. it measures the share of amounts taken over from the gross earnings for the payment of taxes, insurance contributions, social protection and any other deductions or ceased social allowances, under the conditions of increased gross earnings. The indicator represents the weight of the difference between gross earnings increase and net income increase (entailed by the increased labour effort) in the gross earnings increase. Low wage trap is computed for two particular cases: single person without children moving from 33% to 67% of the average earnings of an AW;

one-earner couple with two children moving from 33% to 67% of the average earnings of an AW.

Tax wedge on disposable earnings - is defined as share of total retentions (tax rates and individual social security contributions) applied to gross earnings that contains the gross earnings and cash transfers from the government as family allowances. For determining the indicator the gross and net earnings are taken into account for 13 different family situations. Differences exist with respect to marital status, number of workers (in the family) and number of dependent children:

 persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz 67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz 100% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz 167% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz 50% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz 80% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; persoan necstorit, fr copii, care realizeaz 125% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; persoan necstorit, cu 2 copii, care realizeaz 67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; cuplu cstorit, cu 2 copii, un singur printe lucreaz i realizeaz 100% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; cuplu cstorit, cu 2 copii, ambii prini lucreaz, unul realizeaz 100%, iar cellalt 33% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; cuplu cstorit, cu 2 copii, ambii prini lucreaz, fiecare realizeaz 100% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; cuplu cstorit, cu 2 copii, ambii prini lucreaz, unul realizeaz 100%, iar cellalt 67% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; cuplu cstorit, fr copii, ambii soi lucreaz, unul realizeaz 100%, iar cellalt 33% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW; cuplu cstorit, fr copii, ambii soi lucreaz, fiecare realizeaz 100% din ctigul salarial mediu brut al AW. Indicatorul se calculeaz ca diferen ntre 100% i raportul dintre ctigul disponibil i ctigul salarial mediu brut pentru fiecare din cele 13 cazuri particulare. Ctigul disponibil se calculeaz ca sum a ctigului salarial mediu net i sumelor transferate de stat sub form de alocaii acordate familiei (conform legislaiei naionale: alocaia de stat pentru copii, alocaia familial complementar, alocaia de susinere pentru familia monoparental). Sfera de acoperire: Cercetarea statistic privind costul forei de munc. Pentru calcularea reinerilor se utilizeaz legislaia n vigoare la 1 iulie - ncepnd cu anul de referin 2008, conform metodologiei OECD. CHELTUIELILE I CONSUMUL POPULAIEI Cheltuielile totale cuprind: cheltuielile bneti, indiferent de destinaie (consum, impozite i pli obligatorii, cumprri de animale i psri, imobile i terenuri, alte cheltuieli

single person without children, earning 67% of the average gross earnings of AW; single person without children, earning 100% of the average gross earnings of AW; single person without children, earning 167% of the average gross earnings of AW; single person without children, earning 50% of the average gross earnings of AW; single person without children, earning 80% of the average gross earnings of AW; single person without children, earning 125% of the average gross earnings of AW; single person with 2 children, earning 67% of the average gross earnings of AW; married couple with 2 children, only one parent is working and earns 100% of the average gross earnings of AW; married couple with 2 children, both parents are working, one earns 100% and the other earns 33% of the average gross earnings of AW; married couple with 2 children, both parents are working and earn100% of the average gross earnings of AW; married couple with 2 children, both parents are working, one earns 100% and the other earns 67% of the average gross earnings of AW; married couple with no children, both persons are working, one earns 100% and the other earns 33% of the average gross earnings of AW; married couple with no children, both persons are working and earn 100% of the average gross earnings of AW. The indicator is calculated as a difference from 100% and the report between the disposable earnings (take-home pay) and gross earnings for each of the 13 family situations. The disposable earnings (take-home pay) is calculated as a sum of the net earnings and cash transfers from the government as family allowances (according to national legislation: state allowance for children, supplementary family allowance, sustaining allowance for single parent family). Coverage: The statistical labour cost survey. In view to calculate the retentions, the legislation in force on July 1st is used - starting with the reference year 2008, according to OECD methodology. POPULATION EXPENDITURE AND CONSUMPTION Total expenditure include: money expenditure, irrespective of their destination (consumption, taxes and compulsory payments, purchases of animals and poultry, real estate and

de investiii etc.), inclusiv contravaloarea prestaiilor (mrfuri i servicii) gratuite sau cu reducere de pre, evaluat la preul de vnzare al unitii ofertante; contravaloarea consumului de produse alimentare i nealimentare din resurse proprii (producie, stoc etc.) determinat pe baza preurilor medii lunare ale produselor respective. Cheltuielile totale de consum cuprind: cheltuielile bneti pentru cumprarea produselor alimentare consumate, a mrfurilor nealimentare i pentru plata serviciilor, inclusiv contravaloarea prestaiilor (mrfuri i servicii) gratuite sau cu reducere de pre; contravaloarea consumului de produse alimentare i nealimentare din resurse proprii. Consumul mediu anual de produse alimentare pe locuitor, exprimat n uniti fizice, reprezint cantitile de produse alimentare consumate n medie pe locuitor, n anul de referin, indiferent de forma sub care se consum (natural sau prelucrat), de sursa de aprovizionare (magazine alimentare, piaa liber, consumul din resurse proprii etc.), sau de locul unde se consum (gospodrii individuale, restaurante, cantine, gospodrii instituionale etc.). Consumul mediu anual de buturi, pe locuitor reprezint cantitile de buturi alcoolice i buturi nealcoolice, consumate n medie, pe locuitor, n anul de referin, indiferent de sursa de aprovizionare (magazine alimentare, piaa liber i producia proprie a productorilor agricoli numai pentru consumul de vin) i de locul unde se consum (gospodriile individuale ale populaiei, restaurante, cantine etc.). Att consumul de produse alimentare ct i consumul de buturi se calculeaz ca disponibil de consum (producie + import - export - prelucrare industrial - pierderi - variaie de stocuri) raportat la populaia total de la 1 iulie, anul de referin. Consumul alimentar mediu zilnic, exprimat n calorii i factori nutritivi, pe locuitor reprezint coninutul n calorii i factori nutritivi al consumului alimentar mediu zilnic i se determin pe baza datelor privind consumul mediu net zilnic (exclusiv partea necomestibil a unui produs alimentar care se ndeprteaz att n timpul prelucrrii industriale sau culinare ct i n momentul consumului efectiv) i a compoziiei alimentelor, exprimat n calorii i factori nutritivi (proteine, lipide i glucide). nzestrarea gospodriilor cu bunuri de folosin ndelungat, se exprim prin numrul de bunuri de folosin ndelungat n stare de funcionare care revin n medie la 100 de gospodrii (exclusiv bunurile nchiriate sau mprumutate de la alte persoane sau instituii).

lands, other investment expenditure a.s.o.), including equivalent value of free or at lower prices provisions (goods and services), evaluated at selling price of offering unit; equivalent value of consumption of food and non-food products from own resources (production, stock a.s.o.), determined based on monthly average prices of respective products. Total consumption expenditure include: money expenditure for buying consumed food products, non-food goods and for payment of services, including equivalent value of free or at lower prices provisions (goods and services); equivalent value of food and non-food products consumption from own resources. Yearly average consumption of food products per inhabitant expressed in physical units, represents the quantities of food products consumed in average per capita in the reference year regardless the consumption type (natural or processed), the supply source (food stores, free market, consumption from own resources a.s.o.) or the consumption place (individual households, restaurants, canteens, institutionalised households a.s.o.). Yearly average consumption of beverages, per inhabitant represents quantities alcoholic beverages, nonalcoholic beverages, consumed as average, per inhabitant in the reference year no matter of supply source (food stores, free market and own production of agricultural producers only for wine consumption) and of consumption place (population individual households, restaurants, conteens a.s.o.). Both food products consumption and beverages consumption are calculated as available for consumption (production + import - export - industrial processing - losses - change in stocks) related to total population on July 1st, reference year. Daily average food consumption expressed in calories and nutrients, per inhabitant represents the content in calories and nutrients of daily average food consumption and is determined based on data regarding daily net average consumption (excluding non-edible part of a food product being removed both-during industrial processing or cooking as well as in the moment of effective consumption) and food composition expressed in calories and nutrients (proteins, fats and carbohydrates). Households endowment with durable goods, is expressed by the number of durable goods in function, as average per 100 households (excluding goods rented or borrowed from other persons or institutions).

4.G1
25,4%

Structura veniturilor bneti Structure of money income

2004

6,2% 28,9%

3,9%

2009

4,2% 5,4% 58,8%

3,3% 3,0% 60,9%

Salarii brute i alte drepturi salariale Gross salaries and other salary rights Venituri din agricultur Income from agriculture

Venituri din activiti neagricole independente Income from non-agricultural independent activities Venituri din prestaii sociale Income from social provisions Alte venituri Other income

4.G2
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500

Ctigul salarial mediu brut, pe activiti ale economiei naionale, n anul 2009 Average gross earnings, by activity of national economy, in 2009
lei/salariat / lei/employee

CAEN Rev.2 (seciuni) CANE Rev.2 (sections) 4304 3360 2947 2569 2068 2206 1810 1701 1166 1104

2000 1845 1500 1000 500 0 Total 1 1350

1745

1441 1418

1623 1066

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

7 - Informaii i comunicaii 1 - Agricultur, silvicultur i pescuit Agriculture, forestry and fishing Information and communication 2 - Industrie1) 8 - Intermedieri financiare i asigurri Industry 1) Financial intermediations and 3 - Construcii insurance Construction 9 - Tranzacii imobiliare 4 - Comer cu ridicata i cu amnuntul; Real estate activities repararea autovehiculelor i motocicletelor 10 - Activiti profesionale, tiinifice Wholesale and retail; repair of motor i tehnice vehicles and motorcycles Professional, scientific and 5 - Transport i depozitare technical activities Transport and storage 11 - Activiti de servicii administrative 6 - Hoteluri i restaurante i activiti de servicii suport Hotels and restaurants Activities of administrative services and of support services
1)

12 - Administraie public i aprare; asigurri sociale din sistemul public Public administration and defence; social insurance of public sector 13 - nvmnt Education 14 - Sntate i asisten social Health and social assistance 15 - Activiti de spectacole, culturale i recreative Shows, culture and recreation activities 16 - Alte activiti de servicii Other service activities

Inclusiv producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat i distribuia apei; salubritate, gestionarea deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare. / Including electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply and water supply; sewerage, waste management and decontamination activities.

4.G3
2000 1600

Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut i net lunar, pe sexe Average gross and net nominal monthly earnings, by sex

lei/salariat / lei/employee

1814 1700 1468 1312 1095 981

1906 1775 1405 1310

1222 1200 1062 1037 922 886 891 803 796 743 800 689 643 549 400 0

1348 1264

BRUT NET GROSS 2004

BRUT NET GROSS 2005 Brbai Men

BRUT NET GROSS 2006

BRUT NET GROSS 2007 Femei Women

BRUT NET GROSS 2008

BRUT NET GROSS 2009

4.G4

Structura cheltuielilor totale de consum, n anul 2009 Structure of total consumption expenditure, in 2009
Total gospodrii / Total households

Salariai / Employees

24,8%
31,0%

44,2%

Agricultori / Farmers

27,8%

13,7% 27,4% 58,9%

40,4%

31,8%

omeri / Unemployed

Pensionari / Pensioners

24,8%

23,3%

48,4%

45,8%

26,8%
Cheltuieli pentru produse alimentare Expenditure for food products Cheltuieli pentru mrfuri nealimentare Expenditure for non-food goods Cheltuieli pentru plata serviciilor Expenditure for payment of services

30,9%

4.G5

Structura cheltuielilor totale ale gospodriilor Structure of total households expenditure

2004 2009

3,5% 12,5% 71,6% 16,2%

3,5% 71,7%

11,3%

7,3%

1,1%

1,3%

Cheltuieli de consum Consumption expenditure Cheltuieli pentru investiii Expenditure for investment

Cheltuieli de producie Production expenditure Impozite, contribuii, cotizaii, taxe Taxes, contributions, dues, fees Alte cheltuieli Other expenditure

4.G6
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0

Evoluia consumului alimentar mediu zilnic, exprimat n calorii, pe locuitor Evolution of daily average food consumption, expressed in calories, per inhabitant
calorii / calories

3350

3385

3455

3290

3300

3273

2007

1992

1999

1905

1874

1854

880

928

985

927

969

978

463 2004

465 2005
Calorii - total Calories - total

471 2006

458 2007

457 2008

441 2009

Lipide (n echiv. calorii) Fats (in equiv. calories) Proteine (n echiv. calorii) Proteins (in equiv. calories)

Glucide (n echiv. calorii) Carbohydrates (in equiv. calories)

Not: Conform nomenclatorului Eurostat i FAO. / Note: According to the Eurostat and FAO nomenclature.

VENITURILE, CHELTUIELILE I CONSUMUL POPULAIEI

VENITURILE POPULAIEI 4.1 Veniturile totale ale gospodriilor 4.2 Veniturile totale ale gospodriilor, grupate dup numrul persoanelor din componen 4.3 Veniturile totale ale gospodriilor, pe decile, n anul 2009 (total gospodrii) 4.4 Distribuia gospodriilor i persoanelor din gospodrii, pe decile, n anul 2009 4.5 Salariile medii brute, realizate pe principalele activiti ale economiei naionale, n luna octombrie 2009 4.6 Structura salariailor, pe grupe de salarii brute, realizate n luna octombrie 4.7 Indicii ctigului salarial real 4.8 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut i net lunar, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe sexe 4.9 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe forme de proprietate, clase de mrime ale ntreprinderilor i pe sexe 4.10 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe activiti ale economiei naionale - total salariai 4.11 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe activiti ale economiei naionale 4.12 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe sexe 4.13 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe forme de proprietate, clase de mrime ale ntreprinderilor i pe sexe 4.14 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe activiti ale industriei 4.15 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, pe activiti ale industriei i pe sexe 4.16 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe activiti ale industriei 4.17 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, pe activiti ale industriei i pe sexe 4.18 Indicii trimestriali ai costului orar al forei de munc 4.19 Indicii trimestriali ai costului forei de munc, pe activiti economice 4.20 Indicatori structurali din statisticile ctigurilor salariale i costului forei de munc 4.21 Costul mediu lunar i costul mediu orar al forei de munc, pe activiti ale economiei naionale 4.22 Costul mediu lunar i costul mediu orar al forei de munc, pe activiti ale industriei CHELTUIELILE I CONSUMUL POPULAIEI 4.23 Cheltuielile totale ale gospodriilor 4.24 Cheltuielile totale ale gospodriilor, grupate dup numrul persoanelor din componen 4.25 Cheltuielile totale ale gospodriilor, pe decile, n anul 2009 (total gospodrii) 4.26 Structura cheltuielilor totale de consum ale gospodriilor 4.27 Structura cheltuielilor bneti de consum ale gospodriilor 4.28 Consumul mediu anual, la principalele produse alimentare i buturi, pe locuitor 4.29 Consumul alimentar mediu zilnic, exprimat n calorii i factori nutritivi, pe locuitor 4.30 nzestrarea populaiei cu bunuri de folosin ndelungat (la sfritul anului) 4.31 nzestrarea gospodriilor cu bunuri de folosin ndelungat Teritorial 4.32 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut i net lunar, n profil teritorial i pe sexe, n anul 2009 4.33 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu brut lunar, n profil teritorial i pe activiti ale economiei naionale, n anul 2009 4.34 Ctigul salarial nominal mediu net lunar, n profil teritorial i pe activiti ale economiei naionale, n anul 2009 4.35 Veniturile totale ale principalelor categorii de gospodrii, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 4.36 Cheltuielile totale ale principalelor categorii de gospodrii, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009

LOCUINE I UTILITI PUBLICE

DWELINGS AND PUBLIC UTILITIES

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Cercetarea statistic privind modificrile fondului de locuine; Cercetarea statistic privind locuinele terminate; Cercetri statistice privind alimentarea cu ap, canalizare public i spaii verzi, salubritatea i distribuia energiei termice, a gazelor naturale i alte cercetri statistice pentru domeniul edilitar.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Statistical survey on the changes in dwellings stock; Statistical survey on finished dwellings; Statistical surveys on water supply, public sewerage and green spaces, sanitation and distribution of electric energy, natural gas and other statistical surveys in urbanistic field.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Fondul de locuine se determin pe baza datelor obinute la recensmintele populaiei i locuinelor i a modificrilor intervenite n cursul fiecrui an, respectiv: intrrile, reprezentnd locuinele date n folosin (locuine noi i spaii cu alt destinaie transformate n locuine); ieirile, reprezentnd demolrile i schimbarea locuinelor n spaii cu alt destinaie. Locuina este construcia, format din una sau mai multe camere de locuit situate la acelai nivel al cldirii sau la niveluri diferite, prevzut, n general, cu dependine (buctrie, baie etc.) sau cu alte spaii de deservire, independent din punct de vedere funcional, avnd intrarea separat din casa scrii, curte sau strad i care a fost construit, transformat sau amenajat n scopul de a fi folosit, n principiu, de o singur gospodrie. Locuina terminat n cursul unui an este acea construcie care nu a existat anterior i ale crei elemente, inclusiv fundaia, s-au construit pentru prima dat, la care s-au realizat toate categoriile de lucrri prevzute n documentaia de execuie i care au fost recepionate de beneficiar. Camera de locuit reprezint o ncpere dintr-o locuin care servete pentru locuit, avnd suprafaa de cel puin 4 m2, nlimea de cel puin 2 m pe cea mai mare parte a suprafeei sale i care primete lumin natural fie direct prin ferestre i / sau ui exterioare, fie indirect, prin verande cu ajutorul ferestrelor i / sau uilor, sau prin alte camere de locuit cu ajutorul glasvandurilor. Astfel, sunt considerate camere de locuit: dormitoarele, camerele de zi, holurile locuibile, ncperile cu dubl utilizare (din a cror suprafa, o parte este folosit pentru locuit) i de asemenea, alte ncperi destinate pentru locuit. Suprafaa (aria) construit desfurat (total) reprezint suma suprafeelor seciunilor orizontale ale tuturor nivelurilor cldirii (subsol, parter, etaje i mansard, exclusiv podurile circulabile sau necirculabile), delimitate de conturul exterior al pereilor exteriori. Nu se cuprind suprafeele aferente treptelor exterioare, teraselor neacoperite, ariile curilor interioare i exterioare de lumin sau de acces, mai mari de 4 m2, subsolurile tehnice.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
Dwellings stock is determined based on data obtained from Population and Housing Censuses and on changes occurred each year, namely: inputs, representing dwellings in use (new dwellings and spaces with another destination changed into dwellings); outputs, representing demolitions and change of dwellings into spaces with another destination. A dwelling is the construction, made up by one or more habitation rooms situated at the same floor of the building or at different floors, generally endowed with outhouses (kitchen, bathroom a.s.o.) or with other service spaces, functionally independent, with separated entrance from the staircase hall, yard or street and which has been built, transformed or arranged with a view to be used, in principle, by a single household. A finished dwelling built during one year, is that building which did not exist before and whose elements, including the foundation, were built for the first time, for which all categories of work foreseen into the execution documentation were performed and which were received by beneficiary. Habitation room represents a room from a dwelling used for habitation, having an area of at least 4 sq.m, a height of at least 2 m on largest part of its area, which gets natural light either directly through windows and / or exterior doors, or indirectly through veranda by means of windows and / or doors, or by other habitation rooms by means of French windows. Thus, the following are considered habitation rooms: bedrooms, dining rooms, habitation halls, rooms with double use (of whose area, one part is used for habitation) and also, other rooms for habitation purpose. The total built up area represents the sum of horizontal section areas of all the building floors (basement, land-floor, floors and attic, excluding passing or non-passing garrets) limited by the outside contour of the external walls. The areas afferent to outside steps, uncovered terraces, inside yards and outside yards for lighting or access purposes exceeding 4 sq.m and technical basements are not included.

Suprafaa (aria) util desfurat (total) rezult din suprafaa construit desfurat, din care se scade suprafaa ocupat de perei (exclusiv pereii amovibili). Suprafaa (aria) locuibil desfurat (total) reprezint suma suprafeelor destinate pentru locuit a tuturor locuinelor sau spaiilor de locuit din cldire. Transportul public local de pasageri reprezint operaiunea de transport de pasageri care se efectueaz cu un vehicul rutier de transport, precum i cu metroul, n interiorul zonei administrativ-teritoriale a unei localiti, fr a depi limitele acesteia. Lungimea total simpl a reelei de distribuie a apei potabile reprezint lungimea tuburilor i conductelor instalate pe teritoriul localitii respective, pentru transportul apei potabile de la conductele de aduciune sau de la staiile de pompare pn la punctele de branare a consumatorilor. Apa potabil distribuit consumatorilor este cantitatea total de ap potabil livrat efectiv tuturor consumatorilor, populaiei i operatorilor economici, pentru nevoi productive i neproductive (casnice, bi publice, cldiri social-culturale i administrative, hoteluri, stropitul strzilor, spaii verzi etc.) prin reele de distribuie sau direct prin conducte de aduciune; se determin cu ajutorul apometrelor instalate la consumatori, iar n lipsa acestora pe baza normelor de consum paual. Lungimea total a conductelor de distribuie a gazelor naturale se refer la totalitatea conductelor (din reea i direct din conductele magistrale de transport) prin care se distribuie gaze la consumatorii dintr-o localitate, ncepnd de la staiile de reglare a presiunii i predare a gazelor de ctre furnizori pn la punctele de branare a consumatorilor. Gazele naturale distribuite efectiv reprezint volumul total de gaze naturale livrate consumatorilor prin reele de distribuie (inclusiv gazele naturale consumate de unitatea distribuitoare).

Useful area (total area) results from unfolded built surface, of which the surface occupied by the walls is subtracted (excluding removable walls). Total unfolded living floor represents the sum of the areas meant for habitation of all dwellings or living spaces in the building. Local public passengers transport includes passengers transport operations carried out using a road transport vehicle as well as the subway, within the administrative-territorial area of a locality, without exceeding its boundaries. Simple total length of supply network drinking water represents the length of tubes and pipes placed in the respective locality, for drinking water transport from feed pipes or from pumping pipes up to the consumers connection points. Drinking water supplied to the users is the total quantity of drinking water actually delivered to all consumers, to the population and to economic operators, for productive and non-productive needs (domestic, public baths, social-cultural and administrative buildings, hotels, street wash, green spaces a.s.o.) through distribution networks or directly aduction by pipes; it is determined by means of water gauges installed at the consumers and if they are not present by means of common consumption norms. Total length of distribution pipes of natural gas refers to all pipes (from network and directly from main transport pipes) distributing gas to the consumers in one locality, starting from pressure adjustment and gas delivery stations of suppliers up to the consumers connection points. Actually distributed natural gas represents the total volume of natural gas delivered to the consumers by means of distribution networks (including natural gas consumed by distribution unit).

5.G1
47,3%

Locuine terminate, pe medii Finished dwellings, by area

2004 52,7% 49,7% 2009 50,3%

Urban

Rural

5.G2
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Locuine terminate, pe surse de finanare Finished dwellings, by financing sources

Numr locuine (mii) Number of dwellings (thou)

67,3

62,5

47,3 39,6 30,1 25,2 32,9 27,7 34,8 43,0 61,2 56,8

4,9 2004

5,1 2005 Fonduri private Private funds

4,8 2006

4,3 2007 Fonduri publice Public funds

6,1 2008

5,7 2009

Total locuine terminate Total of finished dwellings

5.G3

Locuine terminate, dup numrul camerelor de locuit Finished dwellings, by number of habitation rooms
2004 10,7% 2009 8,5%

40,1% 24,2%

42,4%

23,6%

25,0% cu o camer with one room cu dou camere with two rooms

25,5% cu trei camere with three rooms cu patru camere i peste with four rooms and over

5
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11

LOCUINE I UTILITI PUBLICE

Fondul de locuine Balana fondului de locuine Locuine terminate Locuine terminate, dup tipurile de instalaii cu care sunt dotate i fondurile de finanare Locuine terminate, dup numrul camerelor de locuit i sursele de finanare Strzile oreneti (la sfritul anului) Transportul public local de pasageri Transportul public local de pasageri, pe tipuri de vehicule de transport Canalizare public i spaii verzi (la sfritul anului) Reeaua i volumul gazelor naturale distribuite Reeaua i volumul apei potabile distribuite Teritorial

5.12 Fondul de locuine, n profil teritorial i pe forme de proprietate, la 31 decembrie 2009 5.13 Locuine terminate, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 5.14 Transportul public local de pasageri, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2009 5.15 Strzile oreneti, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2009 5.16 Canalizare public i spaii verzi, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2009 5.17 Volumul de ap potabil distribuit consumatorilor, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 5.18 Reeaua i volumul gazelor naturale distribuite, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 5.19 Localiti n care se distribuie energie termic, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2009 5.20 Reeaua de distribuie a apei potabile, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009

SECURITATE I ASISTEN SOCIAL

SOCIAL PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Cercetarea statistic asupra unitilor colare de nvmnt preuniversitar special. Cercetarea statistic asupra numrului de pensionari i pensiei medii lunare; Colectarea naional de date asupra statisticii proteciei sociale, conform metodologiei europene ESSPROS (European System of Integrated Social Protection Statistics) pentru statisticile privind protecia social; Colectarea naional de date asupra politicilor privind piaa muncii, conform metodologiei europene LMP (Labour Market Policies) pentru statisticile privind politicile care acioneaz pe piaa muncii. Surse administrative: Agenia Naional pentru Ocuparea Forei de Munc, pentru datele privind protecia social a omerilor nregistrai; Casa Naional de Pensii i Alte Drepturi de Asigurri Sociale, pentru datele privind protecia social a pensionarilor de asigurri sociale, precum i datele pentru biletele de tratament i odihn; Ministerul Culturii, Cultelor i Patrimoniului Naional Secretariatul de Stat pentru Culte; Casa de Asigurri a Avocailor; Ministerul Aprrii Naionale; Ministerul Administraiei i Internelor; Serviciul Romn de Informaii; Autoritatea Naional pentru Persoanele cu Handicap, pentru datele privind: cheltuielile pentru protecia special a persoanelor cu handicap neinstituionalizate, numrul minorilor cu deficiene din unitile proprii specializate, centrele pentru asistarea adulilor, numrul persoanelor asistate n centre, pe tipuri de deficiene; Autoritatea Naional pentru Protecia Familiei i a Drepturilor Copilului i Oficiul Romn pentru Adopii, pentru indicatorii din sistemul de protecie a copilului aflat n dificultate (prentmpinarea situaiilor ce pun n pericol securitatea i dezvoltarea copiilor cuprinde prevenirea prenatal a abandonului copilului sau meninerea copilului n familia natural); Ministerul Muncii, Familiei i Proteciei Sociale, pentru datele privind cminele pentru persoane vrstnice i pentru datele privind alocaiile de stat i suplimentare, alocaia familial complementar i alocaia de susinere pentru familia monoparental i alte ajutoare acordate de la bugetul statului i bugetele locale.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Statistical survey on special preuniversity education units. Statistical survey on number of pensioners and monthly average pension; National data collection on social protection statistics, according to ESSPROS European methodology for social protection statistics;

National data collection on labour market policies, according to LMP European methodology for labour market statistics

Administrative sources: National Agency for Employment, for data on registered unemployed social protection; National Pension and Other Social Insurance Rights Office, for data on social protection of social insurance pensioners, as well as the data for balneary treatment and rest tickets; Ministry of Culture, Religions Affairs and National Heritage - State Secretariate for Cults; Lawyers Insurance Office; Ministry of National Defence; Ministry of Administration and Interior; Romanian Intelligence Office; National Authority for Disabled People, for data on expenditure for special protection of noninstitutionalised disabled persons, number of under age persons with deficiencies from own specialized units, centers for assisting adults, number of persons assisted in centers, by type of deficiency; National Authority for Family and Child Rights Protection and Romanian Office for Adoptions, for indicators from the protection system of child under difficulty (preventing the situations jeopardizing the children security and growth, refers to the prenatal prevention of child abandonment or maintaing the child within his natural family); Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Protection, for data on elderly persons hostels and for data on state and additional allowances, complementary family allowance and support allowance for mono-parental family and other benefits granted from state budget and local budgets.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
PROTECIA SOCIAL A OMERILOR Cheltuielile cu protecia social a omerilor : Ajutorul de omaj i ajutorul de integrare profesional reprezint sumele acordate, la cererea persoanelor ndreptite, potrivit Legii nr. 1/1991, republicat n anul 1994 i completat prin Ordonana de Urgen a Guvernului nr. 47/1997, pe o perioad de cel mult 270 de zile calendaristice. Indemnizaia de omaj (conform Legii nr. 76/2002 privind sistemul asigurrilor pentru omaj i stimularea ocuprii forei de munc intrat n vigoare la data de 1 martie 2002) reprezint o compensaie parial a veniturilor care se acord persoanelor aflate n omaj, ca urmare a pierderii locului de munc sau absolvenilor instituiilor de nvmnt i militarilor care au efectuat stagiul militar i care nu s-au putut ncadra n munc i venituri de completare, conform legislaiei n vigoare. Alocaia de sprijin reprezint suma ce s-a acordat persoanelor care au beneficiat de ajutorul de omaj, sau ajutorul de integrare profesional i care nu au putut s se ncadreze n munc. Alocaia de sprijin se acord pe o perioad de cel mult 18 luni (conform Legii nr.1/1991, republicat n anul 1994 i completat prin O.U.G. nr. 47/1997). Cheltuieli pentru formarea profesional reprezint cheltuielile efectuate pentru calificarea, recalificarea, perfecionarea i specializarea persoanelor aflate n cutarea unui loc de munc; formarea profesional se realizeaz prin cursuri, stagii de practic i specializare, organizate pe niveluri de pregtire, pe baza planului naional de formare profesional. Plata absolvenilor reprezint suma acordat angajatorilor care au ncadrat n munc, pe durat nedeterminat, absolveni ai unor instituii de nvmnt. Suma lunar se stabilete conform Legii nr. 76/2002 - art. 80, alin. 1 cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare. Plile pentru stimularea omerilor care se angajeaz nainte de expirarea perioadei de omaj reprezint sumele pltite n completarea veniturilor salariale omerilor (cu experien n munc i absolvenilor instituiilor de nvmnt) conform Legii nr. 76/2002 - art. 72 i art. 73 cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare. Plile pentru stimularea mobilitii forei de munc reprezint sumele acordate ca prime de ncadrare persoanelor (omere) care se ncadreaz n munc nainte de expirarea perioadei n care beneficiaz de indemnizaie de omaj, ntr-o localitate situat la o distan mai mare de 50 km de localitatea n care i au

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
UNEMPLOYED SOCIAL PROTECTION Expenditure for unemployed social protection: Unemployment benefit and vocational integration allowance represent the amounts granted at the request of eligible persons, according to Law no. 1/1991, republished in 1994 and amended by the Government Priority Ordinance no. 47/1997, for 270 calendar days at most. Unemployment indemnity (according to the Law no. 76/2002 on unemployment insurance system and employment stimulation coming into force since March 1, 2002) represents a partial compensation of income granted to the unemployed after losing their jobs or to the graduates of educational institutions and to the military staff who ended their military service and who could not get employed, as well as income in completion, according to the legislation in force. Support allowance represents the amount granted to persons who got unemployment benefit, or vocational integration allowance and who could not find a job. Support allowance is granted for 18 months at most (according to the Law no. 1/1991, republished in 1994 and amended by the G.P.O. no. 47/1997). Expenditure for vocational training represent expenditure for the qualification, re-qualification, training and specialization of persons looking for a job; vocational training is done by means of courses, practice and specialization stages, organized by training levels, based on the national plan of vocational training. Graduates remuneration represents the amounts granted to the employers who employed graduates of educational institutions, for indefinite duration. Monthly amount granted is established based on Law no. 76/2002 - art. 80, alin. 1, with subsequent amendments. Incentives for unemployed getting employed before expiring their unemployment period represent the amounts paid to complete salary income for unemployed (with work experience and to graduates of educational units) according to the Law no. 76/2002 art. 72 and art. 73, with subsequent amendments. Incentives for labour force mobility represents the amounts granted as tax free employment bonuses for persons (unemployed) who get employed before expiring their period of receiving unemployment benefit in one locality situated at over 50 km far from their stable domicile locality and as installation bonuses for the

domiciliul stabil i ca prime de instalare persoanelor (omere) care se ncadreaz n munc nainte de expirarea perioadei n care beneficiaz de indemnizaie de omaj, ntr-o alt localitate i, ca urmare a acestui fapt, i schimb domiciliul. Primele de ncadrare i de instalare se stabilesc conform Legii nr. 76/2002 - art. 74, 75, 76 cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare. Plile pentru stimularea angajatorilor care ncadreaz omeri din categoria defavorizai reprezint sumele acordate angajatorilor care au ncadrat n munc, pe durat nederminat, absolveni din rndul persoanelor cu handicap. Suma lunar se stabilete conform Legii nr. 76/2002 - art. 80, alin. 2, cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare. Plile compensatorii efectuate n cadrul programelor de restructurare, privatizare i lichidare reprezint sumele acordate persoanelor crora li s-au desfcut contractele individuale de munc ca urmare a concedierilor colective (O.G. nr. 7/1998 i O.U.G. nr. 98/1999 cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare). Alte cheltuieli cuprind sumele acordate sub form de credite ntreprinderilor mici i mijlocii pentru nfiinarea de noi locuri de munc, precum i cele necesare administrrii fondului pentru plata ajutorului de omaj. Conform metodologiei LMP, intervenia public pe piaa muncii reprezint intervenia public ce are ca scop atingerea unei funcionri eficiente i corectarea dezechilibrelor aprute pe piaa muncii. Interveniile publice se disting de celelalte intervenii ale administraiei publice prin faptul c sunt destinate unor grupuri particulare de persoane considerate ca de interes pentru buna funcionare a pieei muncii. Interveniile publice sunt de urmtoarele tipuri: Servicii privind piaa muncii - se refer la interveniile pe piaa muncii adresate persoanelor (participanilor) aflate n cutarea unui loc de munc, fr modificarea statutului lor pe piaa muncii, ci doar n scopul mijlocirii gsirii unui loc de munc. Msuri privind piaa muncii (msuri active) - se refer la interveniile pe piaa muncii privind participanii a cror principal activitate este cutarea activ a unui loc de munc i care se finalizeaz prin modificarea statutului lor pe piaa muncii. Suporturi financiare privind piaa muncii (msuri pasive) - se refer la interveniile care furnizeaz indivizilor asisten financiar, direct sau indirect, pentru persoanele dezavantajate pe piaa muncii. Transferurile ctre indivizi - reprezint cheltuielile publice transferate direct ctre indivizi i care sunt pltite n bani sau sub forma unei reduceri a impozitelor obligatorii.

persons (unemployed) who get employed before expiring their period of receiving unemployment benefit, into another locality and therefore change their domicile. The employment and installation bonuses are established according to Law no. 76/2002 - art. 74, 75, 76, with subsequent amendments. Incentives for employers who hire unfavoured unemployed represent the amounts granted to employers who employed, for indefinite duration, graduates among disabled persons. The monthly amount is established according to the Law no. 76/2002 - art. 80, alin. 2, with subsequent amendments. The compensations granted within the programmes of restructuring, privatization and liquidation are the amounts granted to those persons for whom individual employment contracts ceased as consequence of collective lay off (G.O. no. 7/1998 and G.P.O. no. 98/1999 with subsequent amendments and completions) Other expenditure include the amounts granted as credits to the small and medium enterprises to create new jobs, as well as those needed for the management of unemployment benefit funds. According to LMP methodology, public intervention on the labour market represents public intervention aiming at efficient functioning and disequilibria correction on the labour market. Public interventions are different from other interventions of general government because they are meant for special groups of persons of interest for the good functioning of labour market. Public interventions are of various types: Labour market services - refer to interventions on the labour market for persons (participants) seeking for a job, without changing their status on the labour market, only in order to find a job. Labour market measures (active measures) refer to interventions on the labour market regarding participants whose main activity is to seek for a job actively, and ends by changing their status on the labour market. Labour market financial supports (passive measures) - refer to interventions providing financial assistance, directly or indirectly, for disadvantaged persons on the labour market. Transfer to persons - represent public expenditure directly transferred to persons paid in cash or as discounts of compulsory taxes.

Transferuri ctre angajatori - se refer la cheltuielile publice transferate direct angajatorilor i care sunt pltite n bani sau sub forma unei reduceri ale impozitelor obligatorii. Transferurile ctre furnizorii de servicii - sunt cheltuielile publice transferate direct productorilor de bunuri i/sau servicii care sunt oferite indivizilor sau angajatorilor ca servicii directe (de exemplu formare profesional sau consiliere) n beneficiul participanilor. Alte cheltuieli - sunt acele cheltuieli care nu pot fi detaliate dup tipul beneficiarului direct.

Transfer to employers refer to public expenditure directly transferred to employers paid in cash or as discounts of compulsory taxes. Transfer to providers of services are public expenditure directly transferred to providers of goods and /or services for persons or employers as direct services (for instance, vocational training or consulting) for the benefit of participants. Other expenditure are those expenditure which cannot be detailed by type of direct beneficiary.

ASIGURRI SOCIALE Pensia medie lunar s-a calculat prin raportarea sumelor cuvenite (conform deciziilor) pensionarilor existeni n plat n anul de referin, la numrul mediu lunar al acestora nmulit cu 12. De la 1 iulie 2000, sumele cuvenite pentru calculul pensiei medii lunare cuprind i valoarea impozitului aferent sumelor ce depesc plafonul stabilit prin lege (O.U.G. nr. 87/2000). ncepnd cu 1 ianuarie 2003, sumele cuvenite drept pensii nu mai includ contribuia pentru asigurrile sociale de sntate (O.U.G. nr. 147/2002). Indicele pensiei reale s-a calculat, numai pentru pensionarii de asigurri sociale de stat, ca raport procentual ntre indicele pensiei medii nominale i indicele general al preurilor de consum. Pensia medie nominal utilizat n calculul pensiei reale a pensionarilor de asigurri sociale de stat cuprinde i pensia suplimentar. Pentru comparabilitatea seriei de date, ncepnd cu 1 iulie 2000, s-a dedus i valoarea impozitului. Conform metodologiei ESSPROS, protecia social reprezint expresia tuturor interveniilor ntreprinse de organismele publice sau private n scopul protejrii gospodriilor i indivizilor de consecinele unui set definit de riscuri sociale sau nevoi, n condiiile n care nu este implicat niciun aranjament simultan de reciprocitate sau unul individual. Funcia de protecie social se definete n termenii scopului final pe care trebuie s l ating protecia social, adic de protejare a indivizilor i familiilor/gospodriilor mpotriva riscului social major identificat. Prestaiile de protecie social se clasific pe opt funcii de protecie social, corespunztoare celor opt riscuri sociale majore identificate de ESSPROS.

SOCIAL INSURANCE Monthly average pension has been computed as a ratio between the amounts granted (in accordance with the pension decision) to the pensioners on payment during the reference year, and their monthly average number multiplied by 12. Since July 1, 2000, the amounts for the calculation of monthly average pension also comprise the value of tax for the amounts exceeding the threshold set up by the Law (G.P.O. no. 87/2000). Starting with January 1, 2003, amounts representing pensions do not include anymore health social insurance contribution (G.P.O. no. 147/2002). Real pension index has been calculated, only for state social insurance pensioners, as a percentage ratio between nominal average pension index and general consumer price index. Nominal average pension used for the calculation of real pension of state social insurance pensioners contains supplementary pension as well. For the data series comparability, beginning with July 1, 2000, the value of tax is also deducted. According to ESSPROS methodology, social protection represents the expression of all interventions of public or private bodies in order to protect the households and persons against the consequences of a set of social risks or needs, if no simultaneous mutual or individual arrangement is involved. Social protection function is defined in terms of final purpose for social protection, namely to protect persons and families/ households against major social risk identified. Provisions of social protection are divided into eight functions of social protection, according to those eight major social risks identified by ESSPROS.

Funciile de protecie social sunt: boal/ngrijirea sntii; invaliditate; limit de vrst; urma; familie/copii; omaj; locuin; excluziune social (neclasificat n alt parte). Cheltuielile de protecie social cuprind: cheltuieli cu prestaiile sociale; costuri administrative; alte tipuri de cheltuieli (de exemplu: dobnzi bancare n conexiune cu fondurile sociale). Cheltuieli cu prestaiile sociale reprezint valoarea resurselor de protecie social alocate beneficiatilor n numerar sau n natur (bunuri i/sau servicii). Costuri administrative reprezint cheltuielile pe care le implic organizarea i administrarea schemelor de protecie social. Prestaiile dependente de un prag al venitului sunt cele care se acord condiionat, respectiv dac nivelul venitului beneficiarului se situeaz sub un prag prestabilit. Prestaiile independente de un prag al venitului sunt cele care se acord necondiionat de nivelul veniturilor beneficiarului.

Social protection functions are: sickness/health care; disability; old age; survivor; family/children; unemployment; housing; social exclusion / non-classified elsewhere). Expenditure of social protection include: expenditure for social protection benefits; administrative costs; other types of expenditure (for instance, bank interests related to social funds); Expenditure for social protection benefits represent the value of social protection resources allocated to the beneficiaries in cash or in kind (goods and/or services). Administrative costs represent the expenditure for the organization and administration of social protection schemes. Means - tested benefits are conditioned provisions, respectively if the level of the beneficiary income is under a preset threshold. Non-means tested benefits are unconditioned provisions by the level of the beneficiary income.

6.G1
7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

Evoluia numrului mediu al pensionarilor Evolution of average number of pensioners

mii persoane / thou persons

6233

6205

6067 6042

5806

5785

5745

5726

5701 5685

5689 5676

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Pensionari - total Pensioners - total

Pensionari de asigurri sociale Social insurance pensioners

6.G2
5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

Evoluia numrului mediu al pensionarilor de asigurri sociale Evolution of average number of social insurance pensioners
mii persoane / thou persons

4731

4597

4750

4611

4780

4633

4794

4643

4819

4664

4877

4718

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Pensionari de asigurri sociale (exclusiv agricultori) Social insurance pensioners (excluding farmers) Pensionari de asigurri sociale de stat State social insurance pensioners

6.G3
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

Evoluia pensiei medii lunare Evolution of monthly average pension

lei / persoan / lei person

711 593 573 399 232 204 74 2004 267 246 88 311 298 117 389 159 253 300 686

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Pensionari de asigurri sociale Social insurance pensioners

Pensionari de asigurri sociale de stat State social insurance pensioners

Pensionari de asigurri sociale - agricultori Social insurance pensioners - farmers

6.G4
150 140 130 120 110 100 0

Evoluia pensiei medii nominale i reale Evolution of nominal and real average pension
% anul precedent = 100 / previous year = 100

144,7

128,7 125,0 117,8 116,4 122,8 134,1 118,3 112,0

111,7

108,1

109,2

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Indicele pensiei nominale Nominal pension index Indicele pensiei reale Real pension index

SECURITATE I ASISTEN SOCIAL

PROTECIA SOCIAL A OMERILOR 6.1 Cheltuielile cu protecia social a omerilor 6.2 Indemnizaii de omaj 6.3 Cheltuielile publice pe piaa muncii, pe categorii de cheltuieli i tipuri de intervenii publice ASIGURRI SOCIALE 6.4 Numrul mediu al pensionarilor 6.5 Pensia medie lunar 6.6 Pensionarii de asigurri sociale de stat, dup nivelul pensiei, la 31 decembrie 2009 6.7 Indicii pensiei medii reale a pensionarilor de asigurri sociale de stat 6.8 Biletele pentru tratament balnear i odihn acordate prin asigurrile sociale 6.9 Biletele pentru tratament balnear acordate prin asigurrile sociale de stat, pe staiuni balneoclimaterice ASISTEN SOCIAL 6.10 Alocaii i alte ajutoare acordate populaiei (sume pltite) 6.11 Numrul centrelor de plasament funcionale i al serviciilor alternative (la sfritul anului) 6.12 Numrul copiilor din centrele de plasament, pe grupe de vrst (la sfritul anului) 6.13 Unitile din nvmntul special (la nceputul anului colar) 6.14 Copiii i elevii din nvmntul special, dup nivelul de educaie i pe vrste (la nceputul anului colar) 6.15 Minorii cu deficiene din uniti de asisten social (la sfritul anului) 6.16 Copiii i elevii din nvmntul special, primar i gimnazial, pe tipuri de uniti (la nceputul anului colar) 6.17 Centre pentru asistarea adulilor, la 31 decembrie 6.18 Numrul beneficiarilor din sistemul de protecie a copilului aflat n dificultate 6.19 Persoane adulte ngrijite n centre de asisten social ale autoritii naionale pentru persoanele cu handicap, pe tipuri de deficiene, la 31 decembrie 2009 6.20 Cheltuielile pentru protecia social a persoanelor cu handicap, neinstituionalizate 6.21 Veniturile i cheltuielile de protecie social 6.22 Cheltuielile de protecie social, pe funcii de protecie social i categorii de cheltuieli 6.23 Ponderea cheltuielilor din cadrul fiecrei funcii de protecie social, n totalul cheltuielilor de protecie social i n produsul intern brut Teritorial 6.24 Cheltuielile cu protecia social a omerilor, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 6.25 Numrul mediu al pensionarilor i pensia medie lunar de asigurri sociale de stat, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 6.26 Cantine de ajutor social, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009

SNTATE

HEALTH

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Cercetri statistice realizate n unitile sanitare. Surse administrative: Ministerul Sntii, pentru datele privind: numrul cazurilor noi de mbolnvire i al pacienilor ieii din spital; asistena medical de urgen; activitatea de recoltare i conservare a sngelui; numrul cazurilor de SIDA nregistrate.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Statistical surveys carried out in sanitary units. Administrative sources: Ministry of Health, for data on: the number of new cases of diseases and out of hospital patients, emergency medical assistance; blood collecting and preserving; AIDS number of registered cases.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Reeaua unitilor sanitare este urmrit att pentru sectorul majoritar de stat, ct i pentru cel privat, datele reflectnd situaia nregistrat la sfritul anului. Tabelul privind ,,cazurile noi de mbolnvire pe clase de boli se refer numai la datele raportate de medicii de familie care au contract cu Casa Naional de Asigurri de Sntate. Datele din tabelul privind ,,pacienii ieii din spital se refer numai la unitile din sectorul majoritar de stat (numai reeaua Ministerului Sntii). Numrul laboratoarelor medicale din sectorul majoritar de stat nu s-a urmrit separat pn n anul 2006, acestea fiind integrate n numrul spitalelor, policlinicilor, dispensarelor i altor tipuri de uniti medicale. n numrul medicilor, stomatologilor i personalului sanitar mediu este inclus i personalul corespunztor din alte ministere i instituii cu reea proprie. n numrul personalului sanitar mediu sunt inclui: asisteni medicali; surori medicale; tehnicieni sanitari; oficiani medicali; moae; laborani i alte categorii de personal sanitar cu studii medii asimilate. n numrul personalului sanitar auxiliar sunt inclui: infirmiere, ageni DDD (dezinsecie, dezinfecie, deratizare), brancardieri, biei, gipsari, nmolari, ambulanieri i alte categorii de personal asimilat. n numrul paturilor de spital sunt incluse i cele pentru nou nscui din spitalele sau seciile de obstetricginecologie; nu sunt incluse paturile pentru nsoitori. n numrul paturilor de spital: la specialitatea interne sunt incluse paturile pentru: interne, endocrinologie, boli profesionale, cardiologie, reumatologie, nutriie i diabet, gastroenterologie i hematologie; la specialitatea chirurgie sunt incluse paturile pentru: chirurgie general; chirurgie maxilofacial; chirurgie infantil; chirurgie plastic i reparatorie; chirurgie cardiovascular; neurochirurgie; chirurgie toraco-pulmonar; ortopedie i urologie; _ la specialitatea psihiatrie sunt incluse paturile pentru psihiatrie i paturile pentru recuperare neuro - psiho - motorie; la specialitatea pediatrie sunt incluse paturile pentru pediatrie i distrofici. n numrul paturilor de spital pentru copii sunt cuprinse att paturile din spitalele i seciile de pediatrie, ct i cele pentru copiii din alte spitale.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
The network of sanitary units is observed both for the state majority sector and for the private one, the data reflecting the situation registered at the end of the year. The table concerning new cases of illness, by disease classes, refer only to the data raported by family doctors that have contracts with National House of Health Insurance. Data in the table concerning out of hospital patients refer only to the state majority sectors units (only Ministry of Health network). The number of medical labs of state majority sector was not separately observed until 2006, being included in the number of hospitals, polyclinics, dispensaries and other types of medical units. The number of physicians, dentists and ancillary medical staff also includes the corresponding staff from other ministries and institutions with own network. The number of ancillary medical staff includes: medical assistants; medical nurses; sanitary technicians; medical officiants; midwives; laboratory assistants and other categories of medical staff with equivalent secondary school degrees. The number of auxiliary medical staff includes: sick nurses, DDR staff (disinsection, disinfection, raticide), stretcher bearers, washers, gypsum, mud, ambulance staff and other categories of ancillary staff. The number of hospital beds also includes the beds for newborn children in hospitals or obstetrics-gynaecology section; beds for accompanying persons are not included. The number of hospital beds for: internal medicine includes beds for: internal medicine, endocrinology, professional diseases, cardiology, rheumatology, nutrition and diabetes, gastro-enterology and haematology; surgery includes beds for: general surgery; jaw face surgery; infant surgery; plastic surgery; cardiovascular surgery; neurosurgery; thorax - lung surgery; orthopaedics and urology; _ psychiatry includes beds for psychiatry and neuro psycho - motor recovery;

pediatrics includes beds for pediatrics and distrophics. The number of hospital beds for children covers the beds from pediatrics hospitals and departments, as well as those for children from other hospitals.

7.G1
12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

Evoluia principalelor uniti sanitare Evolution of main sanitary units

numr uniti / number of units

10924 8544

11390 9998

11683

7586 5389

5490

425 236 2004

Spitale Hospitals Policlinici Polyclinics Cabinete medicale de familie Family doctors offices

289

474 268 2009

Cabinete stomatologice Dentist offices

287

Farmacii i puncte farmaceutice Pharmacies and pharmaceutical points Cree Crches

Cabinete medicale de specialitate Health specialized offices

7.G2
150 120 90 60 30

Evoluia principalelor categorii de personal medico-sanitar Evolution of main categories of medical-sanitary staff
mii persoane / thou persons

122

123

127

136

132

130

48

47

47

48

50

50

10 9 0 2004

10 9 2005

11 10 2006

12 11 2007

12 12 2008
Farmaciti Pharmaceutical chemists Personal sanitar mediu Ancillary medical staff

12 12 2009

Medici (exclusiv stomatologi) Physicians (excluding dentists) Stomatologi Dentists

7.G3
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Paturile din unitile sanitare Beds from sanitary units

mii paturi / thou beds paturi la 1000 locuitori beds per 1000 inhabitants

6,6

6,6

6,6

6,4

6,4

6,5

7 6 5 4

142,6

143,0

142,0

138,0

138,2

138,9

3 2 1 0

2004

2005
Paturi Beds

2006

2007

2008

2009

Paturi la 1000 locuitori Beds for 1000 inhabitants

7.G4
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Cazuri noi de mbolnvire prin boli infecioase New cases of infectious diseases
mii / thou

83 72 71 69 74 68

25 14 11 2005

22 8 2006

20 7 2007

19 5 2008

19 5 2009

18

2004

Boli diareice acute Acute diarrhoea diseases

Hepatit viral Viral hepatits

Tuberculoz Tuberculosis

7
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8

SNTATE

7.9 7.10 7.11

Unitile sanitare, pe forme de proprietate Personalul medico-sanitar Paturile din unitile sanitare Paturile de spital aferente anumitor specialiti medicale Cazuri noi de mbolnvire prin unele boli infecioase i parazitare Cazuri noi de mbolnvire, pe clase de boli, declarate de medicii de familie Repartizarea cazurilor de SIDA, dup anul nregistrrii, pe grupe de vrst, sexe i cale de transmitere (la sfritul anului) Repartizarea persoanelor admise la tratament, ca urmare a consumului de droguri, pe sexe, grupe de vrst i tipuri de droguri Numrul pacienilor ieii din spital, pe clase de boli Asistena medical de urgen, n uniti cu proprietate majoritar de stat Activitatea de recoltare i conservare a sngelui, n uniti cu proprietate majoritar de stat Teritorial

7.12 Unitile sanitare, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 7.13 Paturile din spitale i personalul medico-sanitar, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009

EDUCAIE

EDUCATION

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Cercetri statistice realizate la nceputul i sfritul anului colar (universitar) n unitile de nvmnt de toate tipurile, pe forme de proprietate i niveluri de educaie.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Statistical surveys carried out at the beginning and at the end of school year (academic year) in educational units of all types, by type of ownership and level of education.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Datele statistice privind numrul copiilor i elevilor nscrii, absolvenilor i personalului didactic din nvmntul preuniversitar (precolar, primar i gimnazial, liceal, profesional, postliceal) cuprind i pe cele din nvmntul special. Profilurile, calificrile profesionale i specializrile n care se pregtesc elevii i studenii sunt stabilite conform prevederilor legislaiei n vigoare, referitoare la organizarea i funcionarea nvmntului n Romnia i pe baza Nomenclatorului profilurilor, calificrilor profesionale i specializrilor, ntocmit de Institutul Naional de Statistic mpreun cu Ministerul Educaiei,

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
Data on the number of enrolled children and pupils, graduates and teaching staff of preuniversity education (pre-school, primary and secondary, high school, post high school) also refer to special education. Profiles, vocational qualifications and specializations for pupils and students are set up according to the stipulations of the in force legislation, referring to education organisation and functioning in Romania and based on Nomenclature of profiles, vocational qualifications and specialisations, drawn up by the National Institute of Statistics together with the Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sport. Statistical data on tertiary education (number of faculties, enrolled students, graduates and teaching staff) also include short term higher education (colleges), as well as foreign students who study in Romania; Romanian students who study in other countries are not included. Teaching staff is registered only once at the unit where there is the work record. Foremen trainers who carry out training-educational activity within the educational system are also included in the same category. Enrollment rate for school aged population represents the ratio between number of pupils from a certain age group, no matter of education level and total population of the same age group.

Cercetrii, Tineretului i Sportului.

Datele statistice privind nvmntul universitar (numrul facultilor, studenii nscrii, absolvenii i personalul didactic) includ i nvmntul superior de scurt durat (colegii), precum i studenii strini care studiaz n Romnia; nu sunt inclui studenii romni care studiaz n alte ri. Cadrele didactice sunt nregistrate o singur dat la unitatea unde au cartea de munc. n aceeai categorie sunt inclui i maitrii instructori, care desfoar activitate instructiv-educativ n sistemul de nvmnt. Gradul de cuprindere n nvmnt a populaiei de vrst colar reprezint raportul dintre numrul elevilor dintr-o anumit grup de vrst, indiferent de nivelul de educaie i totalul populaiei de aceeai grup de vrst.

8.G1
0,4% 2,2%

Personalul didactic, pe niveluri de educaie Teaching staff, by level of education

2004 / 2005 10,8% 2009 / 2010 12,3% 0,4% 1,0% 22,4% 11,6% 14,3%

21,8%

52,5%
nvmnt precolar Pre-school education nvmnt primar i gimnazial Primary and secondary education nvmnt liceal High school education

50,3%
nvmnt profesional i de ucenici Vocational and apprenticeship education nvmnt postliceal i de maitri Post high school and foremen education nvmnt superior Tertiary education

8.G2
100 80 60 40 20 0

Populaia colar, pe niveluri de educaie (exclusiv postuniversitare) School aged population, by level of education (excluding post-university education)
%

14,8 1,1

16,4 1,0 46,2

18,1 0,8 45,0

20,6 1,0 44,0

20,6 1,2 43,2

18,6 1,5 43,7

47,5

22,0 14,6 2004/2005

21,5 14,9 2005/2006

21,2 14,9 2006/2007

19,6 14,8 2007/2008

19,9 15,1 2008/2009

Secundar Secondary

20,2 16,0 2009/2010

Preprimar (precolar) Pre-primary (pre-school) Primar (clasele I-IV) Primary (forms I-IV) Teriar (superior) Tertiary (higher)

Post secundar Post secondary

8.G3

Ponderea elevilor care studiaz o limb strin (prima limb modern), n total elevi din nvmntul preuniversitar Weight of pupils learning a foreign language (first foreign language), in total number of pupils from pre-university education
2004 / 2005 1,7% 9,0% 21,5% 4,7% 2009 / 2010 2,1% 21,5%

29,4%

35,3%

38,4%
nvmnt primar Primary education nvmnt gimnazial Secondary education

36,4%
nvmnt liceal High school education nvmnt profesional i de ucenici Vocational and apprenticeship education

nvmnt postliceal i de maitri Post high school and foremen education

8.G4

Absolvenii, pe niveluri de educaie Graduates, by level of education

2004 / 2005 15,0% 36,7% 29,1% 2008 / 2009 27,6%

2,6%

21,1%

2,4%

13,6% 24,6%
nvmnt gimnazial Secondary education nvmnt liceal High school education nvmnt superior Tertiary education

27,3%
nvmnt profesional i de ucenici Vocational and apprenticeship education nvmnt postliceal i de maitri Post high school and foremen education

8.G5

Ponderea absolvenilor din nvmntul liceal, pe profiluri Weight of high-school graduates, by profile
2004 / 2005 11,5% 14,1% 8,0% 2008 / 2009

11,6%

49,3%

44,1%

27,6%

33,8%

Licee i colegii teoretice (inclusiv liceele de informatic) Theorethical high schools and colleges (including the informatics high schools) Licee industriale (inclusiv liceele de metrologie) Industrial high schools (including the metrology high schools) Licee economice i administrative Economic and administrative high schools Alte licee Other high schools

8.G6

Structura studenilor, pe grupe de specializri, din nvmntul superior Students in higher education institutes, by specialization groups
Anul universitar / Academic year 2004 / 2005 1,5% 24,9% 1,2% 21,8% 27,1% 2009 / 2010

30,0%

5,4%

6,5%

9,2% 29,0%
Tehnice Technical Medico-farmaceutice Medicine and pharmacy tiine economice Economics

14,5% 28,9%
tiine juridice Law science Universitar-pedagogice University-pedagogy Artistice Artistic

EDUCAIE

8.1 nvmntul pe niveluri de educaie (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i deschis la distan) 8.2 Populaia colar pe niveluri de educaie i sexe (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i deschis la distan) 8.3 Personalul didactic pe niveluri de educaie i sexe 8.4 Absolvenii pe niveluri de educaie (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i deschis la distan) 8.5 Populaia colar pe niveluri de educaie i tipuri de coli 8.6 Gradul de cuprindere n nvmnt a populaiei de vrst colar 8.7 Elevii nscrii n nvmntul preuniversitar, dup studiul limbilor moderne 8.8 nvmntul preuniversitar, dup limba de predare (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i deschis la distan) 8.9 nvmntul liceal, pe profiluri (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i deschis la distan) 8.10 nvmntul profesional, de ucenici, postliceal i de maitri, pe tipuri de coli i profiluri de pregtire 8.11 nvmntul special 8.12 nvmntul superior, pe localiti (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i deschis la distan) 8.13 nvmntul superior, pe grupe de specializri (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i deschis la distan) 8.14 nvmntul superior din instituii private, pe localiti, n anul universitar 2009/2010 8.15 nvmntul superior din instituii private, pe grupe de specializri 8.16 nvmntul pe niveluri de educaie din instituiile private 8.17 Numrul elevilor care au promovat clasa a VIII-a i examenul de bacalaureat (nvmnt de zi, seral i cu frecven redus) 8.18 Rata abandonului n nvmntul preuniversitar Teritorial 8.19 Populaia colar, n profil teritorial i niveluri de educaie, n anul colar 2009/2010 8.20 nvmntul precolar, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2009/2010 8.21 nvmntul primar i gimnazial, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2009/2010 (nvmnt de zi, seral i cu frecven redus) 8.22 nvmntul liceal, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2009/2010 (nvmnt de zi, seral i cu frecven redus) 8.23 nvmntul profesional, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2009/2010 (nvmnt de zi, seral i cu frecven redus) 8.24 nvmntul postliceal, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2009/2010 (nvmnt de zi i seral) 8.25 nvmntul de maitri, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2009/2010 (nvmnt de zi i seral) 8.26 nvmntul superior, n profil teritorial, n anul universitar 2009/2010 (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i deschis la distan) 8.27 Numrul elevilor care au promovat examenul de bacalaureat, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2008/2009 (nvmnt de zi, seral i cu frecven redus) 8.28 Absolvenii n profil teritorial i niveluri de educaie, n anul colar / universitar 2008/2009 (nvmnt de zi, seral, cu frecven redus i deschis la distan) 8.29 Rata abandonului n nvmntul preuniversitar, n profil teritorial, n anul colar 2008/2009

CULTUR I SPORT

CULTURE AND SPORT

SURSA DATELOR

DATA SOURCE

Cercetri statistice: Cercetri statistice privind activitatea bibliotecilor, muzeelor i instituiilor de spectacol. Surse administrative: Biblioteca Naional a Romniei, pentru datele privind intrrile n Depozitul Legal al crilor i brourilor, ziarelor i revistelor, manualelor i cursurilor universitare tiprite n anul de referin; Societatea Romn de Televiziune, Centrul Naional al Cinematografiei (R.A.D.E.F. ROMNIAFILM, Sahiafilm, Castelfilm, Animafilm, Atlantisfilm etc.), pentru numrul i activitatea cinematografelor, producia, distribuia i proiecia filmelor; Consiliul Naional al Audiovizualului, Societatea Romn de Televiziune, Societatea Romn de Radiodifuziune, pentru emisiunile de radio i televiziune; Ministerul Culturii i Patrimoniului Naional, pentru activitatea instituiilor publice de cultur i culte. Autoritatea Naional pentru Sport i Tineret.

Statistical surveys: Statistical surveys on libraries, museums and entertainment institutions activity. Administrative sources: The National Library of Romania, for data on inputs in Legal Stock of books and booklets, newspapers and magazines, school books and university courses printed in the reference year; Romanian Television Company, Cinema National Center (R.A.D.E.F. ROMNIAFILM, Sahiafilm, Castelfilm, Animafilm, Atlantisfilm a.s.o.), for cinemas number and activity, film output, distribution and projection; Audio-visual National Council, Romanian Television Company, Romanian Broadcasting Company, for radio and television broadcasts; Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, for public institutions of culture and cults activity. National Authority of Sports and Youth.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
CULTUR
Producia de cri i brouri cuprinde toate publicaiile neperiodice imprimate i editate n ar, oferite publicului, i care ar trebui s figureze n bibliografia naional a rii, cu excepia publicaiilor editate n scopuri publicitare, cataloage, prospecte de reclam comercial, industrial i turistic, publicaii care atrag atenia asupra unor produse i servicii furnizate de editor, publicaii cu caracter efemer: orare, tarife, anuare telefonice, programe de spectacole, expoziii, trguri, statute i bilanuri, calendare, opere muzicale, producie cartografic (cu excepia atlasurilor i hrilor). n producia de cri se mai cuprind: publicaiile oficiale ale administraiei publice (cu excepia celor confideniale), manualele colare, cursurile i tezele universitare, cri i brouri reeditate, lucrri ilustrate, culegeri de gravuri i reproduceri de art, desene, albume de cri i brouri ilustrate, albume de benzi desenate. O publicaie este considerat c a fost oferit publicului atunci cnd s-a putut cumpra din comer, contra cost sau a fost oferit gratuit. n Numrul crilor i brourilor tiprite, intrate n Depozitul Legal al Bibliotecii Naionale s-au cuprins lucrrile aprute pe ntreg teritoriul rii realizate de editurile publice i particulare, atelierele instituiilor de nvmnt superior, oficiile de informare i documentare cu activitate editorial.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
CULTURE
Output of books and booklets comprises all occasional publications printed and issued in the country for the public and which should be included in the national bibliography, excepting publications issued for advertising purposes, catalogues, prospects of commercial, industrial and tourism advertisment, those which draw attention over some products and services supplied by the publisher, transient publications: time-tables, tariffs, telephone yearbooks, shows, exhibitions and fairs programs, statutes and balance-sheets, calendars, musical operas, cartography output (excepting atlases and maps). Books output also includes: official publications of public administration (excepting confidential ones), school books, university courses and theses, republished books and booklets, illustrated papers, collections of engravings and art reproductions, designs, albums of illustrated books and booklets, albums of cartoons. A publication is considered as released when it could be bought on the market or when is offered free of charge. "Number of printed books and booklets which entered the Legal Book Stock of the National Library" comprises papers issued on the whole country territory printed by public and private publishing-houses, workshops of tertiary education institutions, information and documentation offices.

Titlul publicaiei este utilizat ca unitate de msur a numrului de lucrri ce se editeaz sau se public prezentat sub forma unui volum de sine stttor din punct de vedere tipografic. n cazul ziarelor i revistelor se consider ca titlu denumirea separat a fiecrui ziar sau revist. Tirajul este numrul exemplarelor n care s-a tiprit o carte, o brour, un ziar sau revist, sau orice alt tipritur. Noiunile utilizate au urmtoarele semnificaii: Cartea reprezint publicaia neperiodic avnd cel puin 49 pagini; Broura reprezint publicaia neperiodic care conine ntre 5 i 48 pagini. Biblioteca este instituia, compartimentul sau structura specializat al crei scop principal este de a constitui, a organiza, a prelucra, a dezvolta i a conserva colecii de cri, publicaii, alte documente specifice i baze de date pentru a facilita utilizarea acestora n scop de informare, cercetare, educaie sau recreere. Biblioteca Naional a Romniei este instituia autorizat prin lege s exercite funcia de agenie naional, de depozit legal i este responsabil de culegerea i conservarea tuturor publicaiilor editate n ar (indiferent dac sunt destinate difuzrii comerciale sau gratuite) de ctre persoane fizice sau juridice romne, ori executate de acestea peste hotare, ntocmete statistica oficial a ediiilor naionale, are rolul de centru naional de informare bibliografic, stabilete cataloagele colective etc. Noiunile utilizate pentru caracterizarea activitii bibliotecilor au urmtoarele semnificaii: Volume de bibliotec sunt considerate crile, brourile, coleciile de ziare i reviste cu minimum 5 pagini, precum i materialele audiovizuale (casete cu benzi magnetice, diafilme, CD-uri, DVD-uri etc.) pentru toate tipurile de biblioteci: naionale, judeene, municipale, oreneti i comunale, ale instituiilor de nvmnt superior, ale operatorilor economici i ale unitilor colare; Utilizator, persoan care consult n sediul bibliotecii sau mprumut pentru acas cel puin o dat ntr-un an calendaristic o carte, brour sau o alt publicaie aparinnd bibliotecii respective. Producia ziarelor i revistelor cuprinde toate publicaiile periodice editate i imprimate n ar, oferite publicului i care, n general, ar trebui s figureze n bibliografia naional a rii; sunt exceptate publicaiile editate n scopuri publicitare: reclam comercial, industrial i turistic, publicaiile produselor i serviciilor furnizate de editori, publicaiile cu caracter ocazional: orare, tarife, anuare telefonice, programe de spectacole, expoziii, trguri, statute i bilanuri ale societilor, directive i circulare, calendare i opere muzicale, producia cartografic (cu excepia atlasurilor i hrilor). Mai sunt cuprinse n producia de ziare i reviste: coleciile

Title of the publication is used as measurement unit of papers number, printed or issued as independent volume from printing viewpoint. In case of newspapers and magazines, "title" is considered every separate name of newspaper or magazine. Number of printed copies represents the number of copies printed for a book, a booklet, a newspaper or magazine or any other publication. The terms used have the following meaning: Book represents an occasional publication of at least 49 pages; Booklet represents an occasional publication of 5 - 48 pages. Library is the institution, compartment or specialized structure whose main purpose is to constitute, organize, process, develop and preserve collections of books, publications, other specific documents and databases in order to facilitate their use for information, research, education or recreation. The National Library of Romania is the institution authorized by law to exercise the position of a national agency, of legal deposit and it is responsible to deal with the collection and preservation of all publications issued in the country (irrespective of being meant to commercial or free of charge dissemination) by Romanian natural or legal persons or issued abroad; it builds up the official statistics of national publications; it plays the role of a national center of bibliographical information; it sets up collective catalogues a.s.o. The terms used for characterizing the libraries activity have the following meaning: Volumes of library comprise books, booklets, collections of newspapers and magazines of minimum 5 pages, as well as audio-visual materials (magnetic tape cassettes, film-strips, CD, DVD, a.s.o.) for all types of libraries: national, county, municipality, town and communal, higher education institutions, economic and school operators; User, natural person who lends for home (or consults inside the library) at least once a year a book, a booklet or another publication belonging to a library. Output of newspapers and magazines includes all periodicals printed and issued in the country for the public and which, generally, should be comprised in the national bibliography, excepting publications printed for advertising purposes: commercial, industrial and tourism advertisment, publications on products and services supplied by publishers, occasional publications: timetables, tariffs, telephone yearbooks, shows, exhibitions and fairs programs, statutes and balance sheets of companies, directives and circulars, calendars and musical operas, cartography output (excepting atlases and maps). Output of newspapers and magazines also

de legi i regulamente ale administraiei publice (cu excepia celor confideniale sau rezervate unor distribuii interne), periodicele academice i tiinifice, universitare i ale instituiilor de cercetri sau culturale, periodice ale organizaiilor profesionale, sindicale, politice, sportive, buletine parohiale i colare, programele de radio i televiziune dac sunt publicate sub form de reviste. Noiunile utilizate au urmtoarele semnificaii: Ziarul reprezint publicaia cotidian sau cu o periodicitate mai mare n care se public tiri, informaii, comentarii asupra celor mai recente evenimente interne i internaionale: politice, sociale, culturale, profesionale, sportive etc.; Revista reprezint publicaia periodic prin care se trateaz fie subiecte de interes general fie unele de specialitate (studii i informaii documentare referitoare la unele probleme din diverse domenii: legislaie, politic, economie, cultur, filozofie, tehnic, medicin, mod, sport etc.). Producia naional de filme este format din totalitatea filmelor cu band normal i ngust destinate proieciei cinematografice comerciale (nu sunt cuprinse filmele realizate pentru televiziune); un film este considerat produs n cursul unui an de referin dac, n anul respectiv a fost ncheiat producia i a fost proiectat n public pentru prima oar. Distribuia filmelor reprezint activitatea ntreprinderilor specializate care au distribuit reelei cinematografice naionale filme integral naionale, filme n coproducii i filme strine. Exploatarea filmelor este activitatea de difuzare ctre public a totalitii filmelor (integral naionale, n coproducie i strine) prin reeaua comercial fix (sli) sau n aer liber i prin grupurile mobile de proiecie dotate cu echipamente tehnice de specialitate. Emisiunile la radio i televiziune reprezint programele staiilor de radioemisiune i de televiziune transmise, avnd ca tematic activitile sociale, economice, politice, artistice etc. Unitatea de msur a emisiunilor este ora-program.

includes: collections of laws and regulations of public administration (excepting confidential ones or those for internal use), academic and scientific, university periodicals of research or cultural institutions, periodicals of vocational, trade-union, political, sport organizations, parish and school bulletins, radio and TV programs if are issued as magazines. The terms used have the following meaning: Newspaper represents a daily publication or with higher periodicity, issuing news, information, comments on the most recent internal and international events of political, social, cultural, vocational, sport a.s.o.; Magazine represents a periodical on a subject of general interest or specialised (documentary studies and information referring to topics from various fields: legislation, policy, economy, culture, philosophy, technique, medicine, fashion, sport a.s.o.). National output of films represents all films of normal and narrow strip for commercial cinema projection (TV films are not included); a film is considered as released during the reference year, when the production was finished and it was projected in public for the first time. Distribution of films represents the activity of specialized enterprises which distributed to the national cinemas network entirely national films, coproduction and foreign films. Exploitation of films represents all films (national, in coproduction and foreign) broadcasted for the public by fixed commercial network (own halls) or in the open air and by mobile groups of projection endowed with specialized technical equipment. Radio and TV broadcasts represent programs broadcasted by radio and TV stations having as topics social, economic, political, artistic a.s.o. activities. The measurement unit of broadcasts is "hour-program".

SPORT
n numrul seciilor sportive afiliate pe ramuri de sport aparinnd cluburilor publice i private, precum i asociaiilor sportive sunt cuprinse cele care s-au afiliat la federaiile naionale sportive. Sportivii legitimai sunt acei sportivi aflai n evidena federaiilor naionale i care particip la sistemul competiional organizat de ctre acestea. n rndul acestora nu sunt cuprini sportivii aflai n evidena comisiilor judeene constituite pe ramuri de sport sau cei care practic activiti sportive necompetiionale. n numrul antrenorilor cu norm ntreag sau arbitrilor sunt cuprinse persoanele care au o calificare recunoscut de federaiile naionale i au desfurat activitate n anul 2009.

SPORT
The number of affiliated sport sections by sport branches, belonging to the public and private clubs and associations, includes those affiliated to national sport federations. The legitimated sportsmen are those sportsmen in the evidence of national federations and taking part in the competitions system organized by them. Sportsmen in the evidence of the county commissions by sport branches or practising non-competitivity sport activities are not included among them. The number of full time coaches or referees includes those having a qualification recognized by the national federations and who carried out an activity in 2009.

9.G1
18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

Numrul i tirajul crilor i brourilor tiprite, intrate n Depozitul Legal al Bibliotecii Naionale Number and copies of printed books and booklets, which entered the Legal Book Stock of the National Library

13288 9288

14115 11746

14373

15566 13700 9720 11028 10210 8548 6132

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Titluri / Titles

Tiraj - mii / Copies - thou

9.G2
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Volume existente i eliberate din biblioteci Existing and lent volumes of libraries
milioane volume / million volumes

173,4

174,4

171,2

172,0

175,2

176,9

72,7

70,7

69,6

65,8

65,6

62,5

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Volume existente Existing volumes

Volume eliberate Lent volumes

9.G3
3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

Ziare, reviste i alte publicaii periodice Newspapers, magazines and other periodicals
numr / number

2690 2120 2036 2124 2044 2261 2180 2400 2615 2320

2708 2657

84 0 2004

80 2005

81 2006

80 2007

75 2008

51 2009

Titluri - total / Titles- total Cotidiene / Daily newspapers Alte periodiciti / Other periodicities

9.G4

Structura emisiunilor la radio n limbile minoritilor naionale Structure of radio broadcasts in national minorities languages
2004 2009

6,5% 6,1% 12,1% 16,4% 10,2%

5,7%

75,3%

67,7%

Maghiar / Hungarian German / German

Srb / Serbian Alte limbi / Other languages

CULTUR I SPORT

CULTUR 9.1 Crile i brourile tiprite, intrate n Depozitul Legal al Bibliotecii Naionale 9.2 Manuale colare i cursuri universitare tiprite, dup limba de predare 9.3 Biblioteci 9.4 Ziare, reviste i alte publicaii periodice 9.5 Muzee 9.6 Cinematografe 9.7 Producia de filme 9.8 Instituii de spectacol 9.9 Emisiuni la radio i televiziune (proprietate majoritar de stat) 9.10 Structura programelor difuzate la posturile de radio i televiziune (proprietate majoritar privat) SPORT 9.11 Federaiile sportive 9.12 Clasamentul general la competiiile internaionale oficiale pe federaii, n anul 2009 9.13 Medaliile obinute de sportivii romni la Jocurile Olimpice, Campionatele Mondiale i Europene 9.14 Medaliile obinute de sportivii romni, pe ramuri de sport, la Jocurile Olimpice, n perioada 1896-2008 9.15 Participarea sportivilor romni la Jocurile Olimpice Teritorial 9.16 Biblioteci, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 9.17 Cinematografe, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 9.18 Activitatea sportiv, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009

PREURI

PRICES

10

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Cercetarea statistic a bugetelor de familie i cercetarea statistic structural n ntreprinderi, pentru elaborarea sistemelor de ponderare folosite la calculul indicelui de preuri; Cercetarea statistic privind preurile i tarifele mrfurilor i serviciilor care intr n consumul populaiei, realizat pe eantioane reprezentative de sortimente, precum i uniti de observare (magazine, piee i uniti prestatoare de servicii), pentru calculul indicilor preurilor de consum; Cercetarea statistic privind preurile de producie ale produselor i serviciilor industriale, realizat pe eantioane reprezentative de produse, sortimente, precum i uniti de observare (operatori economici), pentru calculul indicilor preurilor produciei industriale; Cercetarea statistic privind preurile de achiziie/vnzare ale produselor agricole, realizat la circa 200 operatori economici (procesatori, comerciani, societi comerciale agricole) i n 50 oboare, pe un nomenclator de 180 produse/varieti; Cercetarea statistic asupra preurilor principalelor produse vndute de ctre productorii particulari n pieele agroalimentare, pe un eantion de 138 produse/varieti, n 100 de piee din 95 localiti urbane; Cercetarea statistic privind preurile principalelor produse care reprezint consum intermediar n agricultur, realizat la circa 120 operatori economici (procesatori, comerciani, societi comerciale agricole), pe un eantion de 1260 produse/sortimente.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Family budgets statistical survey and structural business statistical survey, to carry out the weighting systems used in the calculation of the price index; Statistical survey on prices and tariffs of goods and services included in population consumption, carried out based on representative samples of assortments, as well as observation units (shops, markets and units rendering services), for the calculation of consumer price indices; Statistical survey on production prices of industrial products and services, carried out on representative samples of products, assortments, as well as observation units (economic operators), for the calculation of industrial production price indices; Statistical survey on purchase/ selling prices of agricultural products, carried out for about 200 economic units (processers, tradesmen, trade agricultural companies) and 50 markets, on a nomenclature of 180 products/items; Statistical survey on prices for main agricultural products, sold by private producers in agro-food markets on a sample of 138 products (varieties) in 100 markets and 95 urban localities; Statistical survey on prices of main products which represent intermediate consumption in agriculture, carried out for about 120 economic units (processers, tradesmen, trade agricultural companies), on a sample of 1260 products/items.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
INDICELE PREURILOR DE CONSUM (IPC) msoar evoluia de ansamblu a preurilor mrfurilor cumprate i a tarifelor serviciilor utilizate de ctre populaie ntr-o anumit perioad (denumit perioad curent), fa de o perioad anterioar (denumit perioad de baz sau de referin). Indicele preurilor de consum se calculeaz numai pentru elementele care intr n consumul direct al populaiei, fiind excluse: consumul din resurse proprii, cheltuielile cu caracter de investiii i acumulare, dobnzile pltite la credite, ratele de asigurare, amenzile, impozitele etc., precum i cheltuielile aferente plii muncii pentru producia agricol a gospodriilor individuale. Preurile sunt colectate din circa 7000 de uniti aflate n 68 de centre de colectare selectate din 42 localiti urbane, n funcie de volumul vnzrilor i de numrul populaiei.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI) measures the overall evolution of prices for purchased goods and tariffs of services used by the population during a certain period (called current period), as against a previous period (called base or reference period). The Consumer Price Index is calculated only for the elements that form part of the population's direct consumption, excluding the following: consumption from one's own resources, investment and accumulation expenses, interest paid on credits, insurance rates, fines, taxes, etc., as well as expenses for the payment of the work done for the agricultural production of individual households. Prices are collected from circa 7000 units located in 68 collection centres selected from 42 urban localities, depending on the volume of sales and the population number.

Perioadele de referin pentru colectarea preurilor sunt 1-7, 10-17, 21-27 ale fiecrei luni, astfel ca pentru cele aproximativ 1700 de sortimente selectate n eantionul de bunuri i servicii se nregistreaz periodic circa 94000 de preuri. Indicele se calculeaz prin agregarea indicilor individuali la nivel de post de cheltuieli, grup (alimentar, nealimentar i servicii) i total. Ponderile utilizate pentru agregarea indicilor de pre de consum sunt obinute din cercetarea statistic a bugetelor de familie i rezult din structura cheltuielilor medii lunare efectuate de o gospodrie pentru cumprarea bunurilor i plata serviciilor necesare satisfacerii nevoilor de trai. Ponderile se actualizeaz anual, lundu-se n considerare cea mai recent estimare a cheltuielilor populaiei. Indicii armonizai ai preurilor de consum (IAPC) au luat fiin n Uniunea European ca rspuns la necesitatea de a stabili indici comparabili ai preurilor de consum la nivelul statelor membre ale Uniunii Europene, care s permit msurarea stabilitii preurilor la nivelul zonei euro dar i msurarea gradului de convergen a preurilor, criteriu de aderare la Uniunea Monetar European. Diferenele dintre cei doi indici de pre de consum sunt nesemnificative n cazul Romniei i constau n: clasificarea utilizat pentru agregarea i prezentarea indicilor armonizai este cea convenit de CEE/Eurostat/OECD; IAPC reflect evoluia preurilor i tarifelor achiziionate i consumate pe teritoriul Romniei att de persoanele fizice rezidente ct i de cele nerezidente (acestea din urm nu sunt incluse n IPC naional); ponderile aferente anului de baz stabilit n calcul IPC sunt rescalate la luna decembrie a anului precendent n cazul IAPC; perioada de referin utilizat pentru prezentarea IAPC este anul 2005. INDICELE PREURILOR PRODUCIEI INDUSTRIALE (IPPI) msoar evoluia n timp a preurilor produselor industriale fabricate de productori interni, livrate att pe piaa intern ct i pe piaa extern. Indicele preurilor produciei industriale este calculat conform cerinelor i standardelor Regulamentului Consiliului CE nr.1165/1998, amendat prin Regulamentul CE nr.1158/2005 cu privire la statisticile pe termen scurt i acoper aproape n totalitate sectoarele industriilor extractiv i prelucrtoare, precum i sectorul energetic. Preurile colectate sunt preuri de productor, adic includ accizele i alte impozite pe produs, dar nu includ TVA. Preurile sunt colectate de la aproximativ 2000 de operatori economici, selectai n funcie de cifra de afaceri raportat n cadrul cercetrii statistice Ancheta Statistic Anual (structural) n ntreprinderi (ASA) realizat n perioada aferent anului de baz (2005). Gradul de acoperire obinut este cuprins ntre 60% i 100% din cifra de afaceri aferent fiecrei clase CAEN Rev. 2.

The reference periods for price collection are 1-7, 10-17, 21-27 each month; thus, for the approximately 1700 assortments selected in the sample of goods and services, circa 94000 prices are recorded periodically. The index is calculated by aggregating the individual indices at the level of expenditure items, groups (food, non-food and services) and overall. The weights used to aggregate the Consumer Price Indices are obtained from the Family Budget Survey and result from the structure of the monthly average expenditure incurred by a household for the purchase of goods and the payment of services necessary for meeting living needs. The weights are updated annually, taking into account the most recent estimation of the population's expenditure. The Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP) were created within the European Union in response to the need to establish comparable Consumer Price Indices at the level of EU Member States, in order to allow the measurement of price stability in the euro area as well as the measurement of price convergence, a criterion for joining the European Monetary Union. The differences between the two Consumer Price Indices are insignificant in the case of Romania and consist in the following: the classification used to aggregate and present harmonised indices is the one agreed upon by EEC/Eurostat/OECD; the HICP reflects the evolution of the prices of goods and the tariffs of services purchased and consumed on Romanian territory both by resident and non-resident physical persons (the latter are not included in the national CPI); the weights of the base year set in the calculation of the CPI are rescaled to the previous year's December in the case of the HICP; the reference period used for the presentation of the HICP is the year 2005. THE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION PRICE INDEX (IPPI) measures the evolution over time of the prices of industrial products manufactured by domestic producers, delivered on the domestic and non-domestic markets. The Industrial Production Price Index is calculated in accordance with the requirements and standards of Council Regulation (EC) No. 1165/98 concerning short-term statistics, amended by Regulation (EC) No. 1158/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and covers almost fully the mining and quarrying sector, the manufacturing sector and the energy sector. The prices collected are producer prices, meaning they include duties and other taxes on products, but do not include the VAT. Prices are collected from approximately 2000 economic operators, selected depending on the turnover reported in the annual Structural Business Survey conducted during the period corresponding to the base year (2005). The coverage obtained ranges between 60% and 100% of the turnover corresponding to each CANE Rev. 2 class.

Colectarea se realizeaz o dat pe lun i const n nregistrarea preurilor la nivel de sortiment, considerat reprezentativ de ctre fiecare operator economic inclus n eantion. Indicele se calculeaz prin agregarea indicilor individuali la nivel de produs/operator economic, produs PRODROM, clas CAEN Rev. 2, diviziune CAEN Rev. 2, seciuni CAEN Rev. 2 i total industrie. Ponderile utilizate pentru calculul indicilor preurilor produciei industriale sunt stabilite separat pe destinaii (piaa intern sau piaa extern). Valorile de ponderare pentru toate nivelurile de agregare s-au determinat din Ancheta Statistic Anual (structural) n ntreprinderi (ASA) realizat n perioada aferent anului de baz (2005). PREURILE MEDII I INDICII PREURILOR PRINCIPALELOR PRODUSE AGRICOLE Observarea i culegerea preurilor care intr n calcularea preurilor medii se realizeaz pe canale de vnzare reprezentative, n funcie de natura produsului, utiliznd un eantion de 100 de piee agroalimentare, 50 oboare, circa 100 procesatori, circa 60 angrositi i 50 societi comerciale agricole i uniti de cercetare i producie agricol. Preurile nu includ costuri de transport, stocare etc., subveniile pe produs i TVA. Colectarea preurilor se realizeaz cu frecven sptmnal n pieele agroalimentare i lunar n oboare, la procesatori, angrositi i la societile comerciale agricole. Preurile medii anuale ale produselor vndute n pieele agroalimentare sunt obinute ca medie aritmetic simpl a preurilor sptmnale. Preurile medii anuale ale produselor agricole achiziionate de operatorii economici sunt obinute ca medie aritmetic simpl a preurilor medii lunare, la nivel de produs/ar. Indicii preurilor produselor agricole msoar variaia n timp a preurilor de vnzare a acestor produse de ctre productorii agricoli interni. Indicii individuali sunt agregai la diferite nivele de clasificare ale produselor de origine vegetal sau animal, pn la obinerea indicelui pentru total produse agricole. Sistemul de ponderi utilizat n calculul preurilor medii i al indicilor lunari ai preurilor la nivel de produs se bazeaz pe datele (cantiti) care provin din cercetrile statistice Producia vegetal la principalele culturi i Efectivele de animale la 1 decembrie i producia animal, din anul 2005. Sistemul de ponderi folosit n calculul indicilor agregai este obinut pe baza datelor din Conturile Economice n Agricultur - 2005. Indicii preurilor principalelor produse care reprezint consum intermediar n agricultur (input-uri) msoar variaia n timp a preurilor de vnzare a acestor produse ctre productorii agricoli interni.

Prices are collected once a month. They are recorded at the level of assortments considered representative by each economic operator included in the sample. The index is calculated by aggregating individual indices at the level of products/economic operators, PRODROM products, CANE Rev. 2 classes, CANE Rev. 2 divisions, CANE Rev. 2 sections and for industry overall. The weights used to calculate Industrial Production Price Indices are established separately according to the destination (the domestic market or the non-domestic market). The weighting values for all aggregation levels were determined from the annual Structural Business Survey conducted during the period corresponding to the base year (2005). AVERAGE PRICES AND PRICE INDICES FOR THE MAIN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS The observation and collection of the prices that are taken into account for the calculation of average prices are performed based on representative sales channels, depending on the nature of the product, using a sample of 100 agro-food markets, 50 fairs, circa 100 processors, about 60 wholesalers and 50 agricultural trading companies and agricultural research and production units. Prices do not include the costs for transport, storage etc., the subsidies on products and the VAT. Prices are collected weekly in the agro-food markets and monthly as regards the fairs, processors, wholesalers and agricultural trading companies. The annual average prices of the products sold in agro-food markets are obtained as a simple arithmetic mean of weekly prices. The annual average prices of the agricultural products purchased by economic operators are obtained as a simple arithmetic mean of monthly average prices, at product/country level. The price indices for agricultural products measure the change over time in the prices at which these products are sold to domestic agricultural producers. Individual indices are aggregated at various crop or animal product classification levels, until obtaining the index for agricultural products overall. The system of weights used in the calculation of average prices and monthly price indices at product level is based on data (quantities) resulting from the statistical surveys Crop production for main crops and Livestock on December 1 and livestock production of 2005. The system of weights used to calculate aggregate indices is obtained based on the data from the Economic Accounts for Agriculture - 2005. The price indices for the main products that represent intermediate consumption in agriculture (inputs) measure the change over time in the prices at which these products are sold to domestic agricultural producers.

Preurile sunt colectate trimestrial de la aproximativ 120 de operatori economici care desfoar activitate de producie i/sau de comercializare de input-uri agricole (din producia intern sau din import) i vnd direct ctre productorii agricoli. Preurile includ costurile de transport, stocare etc, dar nu cuprind TVA i subveniile pe produs. nregistrarea preurilor se realizeaz la nivel de sortimente reprezentative pentru fiecare produs, selectate pe baza caracteristicilor specifice i a celor mai comune condiii de comercializare. Indicii sunt agregai la diferite nivele de clasificare a produselor utiliznd un sistem de ponderi. n structura indicelui global sunt cuprinse i produse/grupe de produse pentru care nu se culeg date (ex: Energie i lubrifiani), acestea provenind de la alte cercetri statistice din cadrul INS i reprezint fie indici agregai, fie indici la nivel de produse care se agreg pn la nivelul impus de structura indicelui global. Ponderile utilizate pentru agregarea indicilor de pre de input n agricultur rezult din structura valorilor anuale a produselor care reprezint consum intermediar, nregistrat n conturile economice din agricultur n anul 2005.

Prices are collected on a quarterly basis from approximately 120 economic operators who produce and/or market agricultural inputs (from the domestic production or from imports) and sell the products directly to agricultural producers. Prices include the costs for transport, storage etc., but do not include the VAT and the subsidies on products. Prices are recorded at the level of assortments that are representative for each product, selected on the basis of specific characteristics and of the most common marketing conditions. Indices are aggregated at various product classification levels using a system of weights. The structure of the overall index also includes products/groups of products for which data are not collected (e.g.: Energy and lubricants), as they come from other statistical surveys conducted by the NIS and represent either aggregate indices or indices at product level which are aggregated up to the level imposed by the structure of the overall index. The weights used for the aggregation of the input price indices in agriculture result from the structure of the annual values of the products that represent intermediate consumption, recorded in the Economic Accounts for Agriculture in 2005.

10.G1
125 115 105 95 85 75

Evoluia indicilor preurilor de consum i ai cursului de schimb mediu anual Evolution of consumer price and yearly average exchange rate indices
an curent / an precedent current year / previous year

111,9

109,0 106,7

106,56 97,3 96,4

110,3 104,84 94,7 107,85 103,3

107,9 105,59 99,7

95,6 87,6

94,4

86,8

0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Indicii preurilor de consum - total / Consumer price indices - total Indicii cursului de schimb mediu anual (lei/euro) Yearly average exchange rate indices (lei/euro) Indicii cursului de schimb mediu anual (lei/dolar SUA) Yearly average exchange rate indices (lei/USD)

Not: Toi indicii de pre prezentai mai sus sunt de tip Laspeyres. Note: All price indices presented above are Laspeyres-type indices.

10

PREURI

10.1 Indicii preurilor de consum 10.2 Indicii preurilor de consum, pentru principalele grupe de mrfuri i servicii 10.3 Indicii armonizai ai preurilor de consum, pentru grupele de mrfuri i servicii constituite conform clasificrii COICOP 10.4 Indicii preurilor produciei industriale 10.5 Preurile medii de achiziie la principalele produse agricole 10.6 Indicii preurilor principalelor produse agricole 10.7 Indicii preurilor principalelor produse care reprezint consum intermediar n agricultur 10.8 Preurile medii ale principalelor produse vndute n pieele agroalimentare, n anul 2009

CONTURI NAIONALE

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

11

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Valorificarea rezultatelor cercetrilor statistice elaborate n cadrul sistemului statisticii oficiale.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Turning into account the results of statistical surveys carried out within the system of official statistics.

Surse administrative: Ministerul Finanelor Publice, pentru datele din execuia bugetului public naional, bilanurile contabile, precum i pentru datele privind impozitarea veniturilor persoanelor fizice independente i asociaiilor familiale; Banca Naional a Romniei, pentru datele din balana de pli.

Administrative sources: Ministry of Public Finances, for data provided on the execution of the state budget, the balance sheets, as well as for data concerning the tax on the income of family associations and individual natural persons; National Bank of Romania, for data from the balance of payments.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Conturile naionale au fost elaborate pe baza principiilor metodologice ale Sistemului European de Conturi 1995 (SEC 1995). Contabilitatea naional reprezint un ansamblu coerent i detaliat de conturi i tabele ce ofer o imagine comparabil i complet a activitii economice a unei ri. Aceasta clasific marea varietate de fluxuri economice ntr-un numr restrns de categorii fundamentale i le nscrie ntr-un cadru de ansamblu ce permite obinerea unei reprezentri a circuitului economic adaptat nevoilor de analiz, previziune i politic economic. Principalele conturi ce se elaboreaz n cadrul contabilitii naionale sunt: contul de producie; contul de distribuire primar a venitului; contul de exploatare; contul de alocare a veniturilor primare; contul de venit al ntreprinderii; contul de alocare a altor venituri primare; contul de distribuire secundar a venitului; contul de redistribuire a venitului n natur; contul de utilizare a venitului; contul de utilizare a venitului disponibil; contul de utilizare a venitului disponibil ajustat; contul de capital; contul variaiilor nete datorate economiei i transferurilor de capital; contul achiziiilor de active nefinanciare; contul financiar; contul altor modificri de active; conturile de patrimoniu; contul restului lumii. Tranzaciile din conturile naionale sunt clasate pe sectoare instituionale.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
The national accounts have been drawn up according to the methodological principles of European System of Accounts 1995 (ESA 1995). National accounting represents a coherent and detailed whole of accounts and tables, which give a comparable and complete picture of the economic activity of a country. It classifies the wide variety of economic flows into a low number of basic categories inscribing them in a frame allowing for obtaining a representation of the economic circuit adapted to the analyses, forecasts and economic policies requirements. The main accounts compiled within national accounting are: production account; primary distribution of income account; generation of income account; allocation of primary income account; entrepreneurial income account; allocation of other primary income account; secondary distribution of income account; redistribution of income in kind account; use of income account; use of disposable income account; use of adjusted disposable income account; capital account; change in net worth due to saving and capital transfers account; acquisition of non-financial assets account; changes in assets; other changes in volume of assets account; balance sheets; rest of the world account. Transactions of national accounts are classified by institutional sector.

Sectorul instituional reprezint ansamblul unitilor instituionale ce au un comportament economic asemntor. Unitile instituionale sunt clasate n sectoare, n funcie de dou caracteristici reprezentative pentru comportamentul lor economic: categoria de productori; natura activitilor i a funciilor lor principale. Ansamblul de uniti instituionale rezidente (uniti ce au centrul de interes pe teritoriul economic al unei ri) se grupeaz n cinci sectoare instituionale: societi nefinanciare; societi financiare; administraii publice; gospodriile populaiei; instituii fr scop lucrativ n serviciul gospodriilor populaiei. Sectorul societi nefinanciare cuprinde unitile instituionale dotate cu personalitate juridic care sunt productori de pia i a cror activitate principal const n producerea de bunuri i servicii nefinanciare. n acest sector se include activitatea regiilor autonome i a societilor comerciale nefinanciare, precum i a cvasisocietilor nefinanciare. Sectorul societi financiare cuprinde ansamblul de societi i cvasi-societi a cror funcie principal const n furnizarea de servicii de intermediere financiar i/sau n exercitarea de activiti financiare auxiliare. n acest sector au fost incluse urmtoarele tipuri de uniti: Banca Naional a Romniei, Bncile comerciale romneti i strine, Casa de Economii i Consemnaiuni (CEC Bank), Case de Ajutor Reciproc (CAR), Companiile/societile de brokeraj, Societi de investiii financiare, Bursa de valori, Case de schimb valutar, RASDAQ, Cooperative de credit, Societi de Asigurare, Fondul de Garantare a Depozitelor Bancare, Fondul Privat de Pensii. Sectorul administraii publice cuprinde toate unitile instituionale a cror producie non-pia este destinat consumului individual i colectiv; resursele lor provin, n cea mai mare parte, din contribuiile obligatorii vrsate de unitile aparinnd altor sectoare i/sau toate unitile instituionale a cror activitate principal o constituie efectuarea de operaii de redistribuire a veniturilor i a patrimoniului naional. Sectorul administraii publice se compune din urmtoarele subsectoare: Administraia central; Administraiile locale; Administraiile de securitate social. publice includ: organismele Administraiile administrative publice care conduc i finaneaz un ansamblu de activiti ce constau, n principal, n furnizarea de bunuri i servicii non-pia pentru colectivitate; instituiile fr scop lucrativ ce produc servicii nedestinate pieei controlate i majoritar finanate de ctre administraiile publice; fondurile de pensii autonome. Sectorul gospodriile populaiei cuprinde indivizi sau grupuri de indivizi, att n calitatea lor de consumatori ct i, eventual, de ntreprinztori, ce produc bunuri sau servicii financiare i nefinanciare de pia.

Institutional sector groups together all the institutional units, which have a similar type of economic behaviour. Institutional units are grouped into sectors, according to the two following criteria, characteristic for their economic behaviour: producers class; the nature of activities and of their main economic function. The resident institutional units (units whose center of interest is placed on the economic territory of a certain country) are grouped in five institutional sectors: nonfinancial corporations; financial corporations; general government; households; non-profit institution serving households. Non-financial corporations sector comprises the non-financial institutional units with legal status, that are market producers and whose function consists of producing non-financial market goods and services. This sector includes the activity of autonomous, non-financial corporations and non-financial quasi-corporations. Financial corporations sector includes all corporations and quasi-corporations, which are mainly involved in financial intermediation and/or auxiliary financial activities. This sector includes the following categories of units: National Bank of Romania, Romanian and foreign Commercial Banks, Savings Bank, Mutual insurance fund, Brokerage companies, Financial investment companies, Stock Exchange, Exchange offices, R.A.S.D.A.Q, Credit co-operatives, Insurance companies, Guarantee Fund of the Banking Deposits, Private Pension Fund. General government sector comprises all institutional units, that are other non-market producers whose output is intended for individual and collective consumption and mainly financed by compulsory payments made by units belonging to other sectors, and/or all institutional units principally engaged in the redistribution of national income and wealth. The general government sector is divided into the following sub-sectors: Central government; Local government; Social security funds. General government includes: general government entities which manage and finance a group of activities, mainly providing non-market goods and services, intended for the benefit of the community; non-profit institutions recognized as independent legal entities which are other non-market producers and which are controlled and mainly financed by general government; autonomous pension funds. Households sector covers individuals or groups of individuals as consumers and possibly also as entrepreneurs producing market goods and non-financial and financial services.

Sectorul instituii fr scop lucrativ n serviciul gospodriilor populaiei grupeaz unitile instituionale rezidente care produc, n principal, servicii de non-pia pentru gospodrii i ale cror resurse, n cea mai mare parte, provin din vnzri ocazionale, contribuii voluntare efectuate de gospodrii, vrsminte provenite de la administraiile publice i din venituri din proprietate. De asemenea se includ: organizaii religioase (de cult), sindicate, partide politice, uniuni, fundaii, asociaii culturale i sportive. Sectorul restul lumii este caracterizat printr-un set de conturi care reflect tranzaciile ce au loc ntre unitile rezidente i cele nerezidente. Conturile specifice acestui sector furnizeaz o vedere de ansamblu asupra relaiilor economice care leag o ar cu restul lumii. Produsul intern brut (PIB), principalul agregat macroeconomic al contabilitii naionale, reprezint rezultatul final al activitii de producie a unitilor productoare rezidente. Acesta se poate calcula prin urmtoarele metode: a) Metoda de producie: PIB = VAB + IP + TV - SP, unde: PIB = Produsul intern brut (preuri de pia) VAB = Valoarea adugat brut (preuri de baz) IP = Impozitele pe produse TV = Taxele vamale (drepturi asupra importurilor) SP = Subveniile pe produse b) Metoda cheltuielilor: PIB = CF + FBCF + VS + (E - I), unde: CF = Consumul final efectiv FBCF= Formarea brut de capital fix VS = Variaia de stoc E = Exporturile de bunuri i servicii I = Importurile de bunuri i servicii c) Metoda veniturilor: PIB = R + EBE + AIP ASP + IP+TV SP, unde: R = Remunerarea salariailor EBE = Excedentul brut de exploatare AIP = Alte impozite pe producie ASP = Alte subvenii pe producie IP = Impozite pe produse TV = Taxe vamale SP = Subvenii pe produse Venitul naional brut (VNB) reprezint ansamblul veniturilor primare primite de ctre unitile instituionale rezidente: remunerarea salariailor, impozitele pe producie i importuri minus subveniile, veniturile din proprietate (cele de primit minus cele de pltit), excedentul de exploatare (brut) i venitul mixt (brut). VNB (la preuri de pia) este egal cu PIB diminuat cu veniturile primare vrsate de unitile nerezidente i mrit cu veniturile primare primite de la restul lumii de ctre unitile rezidente.

Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) sector consists of resident institutional units, which serve households and which are mainly non-market producers; their principal resources, apart from those derived from occasional sales, are derived from voluntary contributions in cash or in kind from households in their capacity of consumer, from payments made by general government and from property income. Also includes: religious organizations (of cults), trade unions, political parties, unions, foundations, cultural and sports associations. Rest of the world sector is represented by a group of accounts that reflects transactions that occur between the resident units and the non-resident ones. Rest of the world accounts reflect the operations carried out between resident units and non-resident units. Gross domestic product (GDP), the main macroeconomic aggregate of national accounting, represents the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. This aggregate could be calculated according to the following approaches: a) Production approach: GDP = GVA + TP + D SP, where : GDP = Gross domestic product (market prices) GVA = Gross value added (basic prices) TP = Taxes on products D = Import duties SP = Subsidies on products b) Expenditure approach: GDP = FC + GFCF + CS + (EI), where: FC = Final consumption GFCF= Gross fixed capital formation CS = Change in inventories E = Exports of goods and services I = Imports of goods and services c) Income approach: GDP = C+ GOS + OTP OSP+TP + D SP, where: C = Compensation of employees GOS = Gross operating surplus OTP = Other taxes on production OSP = Other subsidies on production TP = Taxes on products D = Import duties SP = Subsidies on products Gross national income (GNI) represents total primary income receivable by resident institutional units: compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, property income (receivable less payable), (gross) operating surplus and (gross) mixed income. GNI (at market prices) equals GDP minus primary income paid by resident units to non-residents plus primary income received by resident units from the rest of the world.

Estimrile privind economia neobservat ncorporate n conturile naionale se realizeaz pentru: sectorul formal, prin estimarea muncii la negru i a fraudei la declararea taxei pe valoarea adugat; sectorul informal, prin estimarea valorii produciei nedeclarate obinute de ctre asociaiile familiale i ntreprinztorii individuali. Serviciile de intermediere financiar indirect msurate (SIFIM) se msoar convenional prin soldul dintre dobnzile ncasate i cele pltite de instituiile financiare, fiind rezultatul activitii de intermediere financiar a acestora. Producia i valoarea adugat brut au fost calculate n preuri de baz (inclusiv subveniile pe produse i exclusiv impozitele pe produs i taxa pe valoarea adaugat). Indicii produsului intern brut au fost calculai pe baza datelor n preuri comparabile, fiind utilizate preurile anului anterior celui de calcul. Legtura ntre datele calculate pentru diferite perioade s-a fcut pe baza nlnuirii indicilor. Datele pentru anul 2008 sunt definitive, iar cele pentru anul 2009 sunt semidefinitive. Datele sunt prezentate n capitol, conform CAEN Rev.1. Estimarea ocuprii forei de munc se realizeaz n cadrul contabilitii naionale, conform cerinelor metodologice i a conceptelor i clasificrilor prevzute de SEC 1995. Unitile de msur utilizate sunt: mii persoane i mii ore lucrate. Populaia ocupat cuprinde persoanele (salariate i independente) angajate ntr-o activitate productiv conform SEC 1995. Salariaii reprezint toate persoanele care lucreaz, pe baza unui contract formal sau informal, pentru o alt unitate instituional rezident n schimbul unei remuneraii n bani sau n natur. Lucrtorii independeni (pe cont propriu) reprezint persoane care sunt unici proprietari sau coproprietari ai unei ntreprinderi fr personalitate juridic, n care muncesc. Din aceast categorie mai fac parte: lucrtorii familiali neremunerai i lucrtorii la domiciliu care produc pentru pia, lucrtorii care exercit, individual sau colectiv, activiti de producie destinate n ntregime consumului final propriu sau formrii proprii de capital. Productivitatea muncii pe o persoan ocupat a fost calculat ca raport ntre valoarea adugat brut i numrul de persoane ocupate. Productivitatea orar a muncii a fost calculat ca raport ntre valoarea adugat brut i numrul de ore lucrate. Conturile regionale reprezint versiunea la nivel regional a conturilor naionale i respect principiile metodologice ale SEC 1995. Conform nomenclatorului unitilor statistice teritoriale a UE (NUTS), regiunea corespunde nivelului 2. n Romnia, produsul intern brut regional (PIBR) se calculeaz pentru cele patru macroregiuni,

The non-observed economy estimates included in national accounts are calculated for: formal sector, by estimating underground labour and the tax evasion on value added tax; informal sector, by estimating the undeclared output of family associations and self-employed persons. Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM) are, by convention, measured by the balance between the interests received and those paid by credit institutions as result of their financial intermediation activity. The output and gross value added were calculated in basic prices (including the subsidies on products and excluding the taxes on product and value added tax). The indices of gross domestic product were calculated on the basis of data expressed in comparable prices making use of the prices recorded in the previous year. The relation between data for different periods was based on chaining indices. The data for 2008 are final and those for 2009 are semi-final. The data are presented in chapter according to CANE Rev.1. Employment estimation is performed in the framework of national accounting, according to the methodological requirements, concepts and classifications of ESA 1995. The measure units used are: thousands persons and thousands hours-worked. Employment covers all persons (employees and selfemployed) engaged in a productive activity as defined by ESA 1995. Employees are defined as all persons who principally work, based on a formal or informal agreement, for another resident institutional unit in return for remuneration in cash or in kind. Self-employed persons are defined as persons who are the sole owners, or joint owners, of the unincorporated enterprises without legal personality, in which they work. In this category are also included: contributing family workers and home workers who produce for market, workers engaged in production undertaken entirely for their own final consumption or own capital formation, either individually or collectively. Labour productivity per employed person was calculated as a ratio between gross value added and employment. Labour productivity per hour worked was calculated as a ratio between gross value added and the number of hours worked. Regional accounts represent the version of national accounts at regional level and they are in accordance with the methodological rules of the ESA 1995. According to the EU nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS), the region corresponds to the level 2. In Romania the compilations of regional gross domestic product (RGDP) are made for the four

cele opt regiuni de dezvoltare i pentru extra-regiuni. Pentru Romnia, extra-regiunile se refer la platforma continental aflat n Marea Neagr i enclavele teritoriale (ambasadele i consulatele romne din strintate). Regionalizarea indicatorilor se poate realiza dup metodele ascendente, descendente sau mixte, n conturile regionale romneti fiind utilizate, n principal, metoda descendent i, n funcie de datele disponibile, metoda mixt. Metodele sunt descrise mai jos: Metoda ascendent (de jos n sus) presupune a pleca de la informaiile relative ale unitilor rezidente dintr-o regiune i apoi a le nsuma, pn la obinerea totalului regional al agregatului respectiv. Suma valorilor regionale trebuie s fie egal cu valorile naionale. Metoda descendent (de sus n jos) presupune repartizarea cifrei naionale a valorii adugate brute pe regiuni, folosind diverse chei de distribuie, reflectnd pe ct posibil caracteristicile estimate. Metoda mixt presupune combinarea celor dou metode mai sus prezentate n funcie de datele disponibile i fiabile la nivel regional.

macroregion, for the eight development regions and for extraregions. In Romania case, extra-regions refer to the continental platform from the Black Sea and territorial enclaves (Romanian embassies and consulates from abroad). The regionalisation of indicators could be made using the bottom-up, top-down or mixed methods, the Romanian regional accounts compilation being based mainly on the top-down method and, depending on the available data, on the mixed one. The methods are described below: Bottom-up method considers as starting point the information related to units located in a certain region and their summing-up, thus obtaining the regional total of the respective aggregate. The sum of regional values is to be equal to national values. Top-down method means a breakdown of national gross value added figure by regions, using various conversion keys, reflecting as far as possible the estimated characteristics. Mixed method means a combination of the above two methods, depending on the available data, reliable at regional level.

DEFINIII
Capacitatea (+) sau necesarul (-) de finanare reprezint soldul contului de capital i arat suma net a resurselor pe care economia total le pune la dispoziia restului lumii (dac este pozitiv) sau pe care le primete de la restul lumii (dac este negativ). Cheltuiala pentru consum final acoper cheltuielile efectuate de ctre un sector pentru achiziionarea de bunuri i servicii care sunt utilizate pentru a satisface direct nevoile individuale sau colective ale membrilor colectivitii. Cheltuiala pentru consumul final poate fi efectuat pe teritoriul economic sau n restul lumii. Cheltuiala pentru consum final al administraiilor publice cuprinde dou categorii de cheltuieli: valoarea bunurilor i serviciilor produse de administraiile publice n alte scopuri dect formarea de capital pentru sine sau vnzare; cheltuielile pe care administraiile publice le consacr cumprrii de bunuri i servicii produse de ctre productorii de bunuri i servicii destinate pieei n vederea furnizrii lor, fr prelucrare, gospodriilor populaiei cu titlu de transferuri sociale n natur. Cheltuiala pentru consum final al gospodriilor populaiei acoper cheltuielile pentru achiziionarea de bunuri i servicii care sunt utilizate pentru a satisface direct nevoile individuale ale membrilor acestora. Cheltuiala pentru consum final al instituiilor fr scop lucrativ n serviciul gospodriilor populaiei cuprinde cheltuielile pe care aceste instituii le consacr achiziionrii de bunuri i servicii produse de ctre productorii de bunuri i servicii destinate pieei n vederea furnizrii lor, fr prelucrri, gospodriilor populaiei cu titlu de transferuri sociale n natur.

DEFINITIONS
Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) is the balancing item of the capital account and shows the resources that the nation puts at the disposal of the rest of world or that it receives from the rest of the world (in case a borrowing occurs). Final consumption expenditure consists of expenditure incurred by resident institutional units for the purchase of goods and services that are used for directly meeting of individual needs or the collective needs of the community members. Final consumption expenditure may take place on the domestic economic territory or abroad. Final consumption expenditure of government includes two categories of expenditure: the value of the goods and services produced by general government itself for other purpose than own-account capital formation or sale; purchases by general government of goods and services produced by market producers that are supplied to households without any transformation as social transfers in kind. Household final consumption expenditure covers the expenditure for purchasing goods and services to directly meet the individual needs of resident household members. Final consumption expenditure of non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) includes expenditure by NPISHs on goods or services produced by market producers that are supplied - without any transformation - to households for their consumption as social transfers in kind.

Consumul final colectiv efectiv al administraiilor publice cuprinde cheltuiala pentru consum colectiv al administraiilor publice (servicii publice generale, aprare naional i securitatea teritoriului, meninerea ordinii i securitii publice, activiti legislative i de reglementare, cercetare i dezvoltare etc.) Consumul final individual efectiv al gospodriilor populaiei cuprinde: cheltuielile gospodriilor populaiei pentru cumprarea de bunuri i servicii n scopul satisfacerii nevoilor membrilor lor, cheltuiala pentru consum individual al administraiilor publice (nvmnt, sntate, securitate social i aciuni sociale, cultur, sport, activiti recreative, colectarea de deeuri menajere) i cheltuiala pentru consum individual al instituiilor fr scop lucrativ n serviciul gospodriilor. Consumul final efectiv cuprinde bunurile i serviciile achiziionate de ctre unitile instituionale rezidente pentru satisfacerea direct a nevoilor umane, att individuale ct i colective. Consumul intermediar reprezint valoarea bunurilor i serviciilor, excluznd activele fixe, utilizate ca intrri n cursul produciei i care sunt fie transformate, fie consumate n totalitate n timpul procesului de producie. Cotizaiile sociale n sarcina patronilor pot fi efective sau imputate. Cotizaiile sociale efective n sarcina patronilor cuprind vrsmintele pe care acetia le efectueaz, n beneficiul salariailor lor, ctre organismele de asigurare. Cotizaiile sociale imputate n sarcina patronilor reprezint contravaloarea prestaiilor sociale furnizate direct de patroni salariailor lor, fotilor salariai i altora care au acest drept, fr s fi recurs n acest scop la o societate de asigurri sau la un fond de pensii autonom sau la constituirea unui fond specific sau unei rezerve distincte. Economia brut reprezint soldul contului de utilizare a venitului disponibil i msoar partea de venit disponibil brut care nu este destinat cheltuielii pentru consum final. Economia neobservat reprezint totalul activitilor economice care sunt ascunse observaiilor statistice. Excedentul brut de exploatare este soldul contului de exploatare i reprezint ceea ce rmne din valoarea adugat creat n procesul de producie dup remunerarea salariailor i plata impozitelor pe producie. Exporturile de bunuri i servicii reprezint ansamblul de bunuri i servicii furnizate de rezidenii Romniei ctre nerezideni prin intermediul vnzrilor, trocului, donaiilor sau transferurilor. Formarea brut de capital fix reprezint valoarea bunurilor durabile (active corporale i necorporale), destinate altor scopuri dect cele militare, achiziionate de unitile productoare rezidente cu scopul de a fi utilizate

Governments actual collective final consumption comprises government expenditure for collective consumption (management and regulation of society, security and defence, the maintenance of law and order, legislation and regulation, research and development a.s.o. ). Households actual individual final consumption consists of households expenditure on purchasing goods and services in order to directly meet the individual needs of resident households members, government expenditure for individual consumption (education, health, social security, and welfare, culture, sport, recreation, collection of households refuse) and NPISH expenditure for individual consumption. Actual final consumption consists of the goods or services that are purchased by resident institutional units for directly meeting of human needs, whether individual or collective. Intermediate consumption consists of the value of the goods and services, excluding fixed assets, consumed as inputs in a process of production that are either transformed or entirely consumed within the production process. Employers social contributions may be actual and imputed. Employers actual social contributions consist of the payments made by employers for the benefit of their employees, to insurance bodies. Employers imputed social contributions represent the counterpart to social benefits paid directly by employers to their employees or former employees and other eligible persons without involving an insurance enterprise or autonomous pension fund and without creating special fund or segregated reserve for the purpose. Gross savings represent the balancing item of the use of disposable income account and it measures the part of gross disposable income that is not intended to final consumption expenditure. Non-observed economy represents the total of economic activities hidden to statistical observations. Gross operating surplus is the balancing item of operating surplus account and it corresponds to the value added after deducting compensation of employees and the taxes on production. Exports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents of Romania. Gross fixed capital formation represents the value of the durable goods (tangible and intangible assets) for non-military purposes, purchased by the resident producing units to be used at least one year in the

timp de cel puin un an n procesul de producie, precum i valoarea serviciilor ncorporate n bunurile de capital fix. Importurile de bunuri i servicii reprezint ansamblul bunurilor i serviciilor furnizate de nerezideni ctre rezidenii Romniei prin intermediul vnzrilor, trocului, donaiilor sau transferurilor. Impozitele curente pe venit, patrimoniu etc. cuprind toate vrsmintele obligatorii, fr contrapartid, n bani sau n natur, prelevate n mod periodic de administraiile publice i de restul lumii asupra venitului i patrimoniului unitilor instituionale, ct i anumite impozite periodice, care nu sunt percepute nici asupra venitului, nici a patrimoniului. Impozitele pe producie i importuri sunt vrsminte obligatorii fr contrapartid, n bani sau n natur, prelevate de administraiile publice sau de instituiile Uniunii Europene. Ele se descompun n: impozite pe produse (impozite datorate pe unitatea de bun sau de serviciu produs sau schimbat); alte impozite pe producie (impozite pe care ntreprinderile le suport ca urmare a activitii lor de producie, independent de cantitatea sau valoarea bunurilor i serviciilor vndute sau schimbate). Prestaiile sociale cuprind transferurile n natur sau numerar atribuite persoanelor pentru acoperirea unor riscuri sau nevoi ca: boal, btrnee, deces, invaliditate, omaj, accidente de munc, boli profesionale. Ele cuprind de asemenea alocaiile pentru copii i ajutoare pentru unele categorii de familii. Producia este o activitate socialmente organizat pentru a realiza bunuri i servicii n cursul unei perioade date. Producia de bunuri i servicii destinate pieei reprezint producia vndut sau destinat vnzrii pe pia la un pre semnificativ din punct de vedere economic. Prin convenie, conform conturilor naionale toate bunurile sunt considerate destinate pieei. Serviciile destinate pieei reprezint acele servicii care pot face obiectul cumprrii pe pia i care sunt realizate de o unitate economic ale crei resurse provin, n cea mai mare parte, din vnzarea produciei realizate. Producia pentru consumul final propriu cuprinde bunurile sau serviciile pe care o unitate instituional le produce i le pstreaz, fie n scopul consumului final, fie n scopul formrii brute de capital fix (numai gospodriile populaiei pot pstra produse n scopul consumului final propriu, ca de exemplu produsele agricole conservate de agricultori; n schimb toate sectoarele pot pstra produsele n scopul formrii brute de capital fix pentru sine, cum ar fi: maini, unelte fabricate de ctre ntreprinderi, locuine construite de ctre populaie, construciile pentru sine efectuate de ntreprinderi).

production process, as well as the value of services incorporated in fixed capital goods. Imports of goods and services consist of transactions in goods and services (purchases, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents to residents of Romania. Current taxes on income, wealth a.s.o. cover all compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind, levied periodically by general government and by the rest of the world on the income and wealth of institutional units, and some periodic taxes which are assessed neither on the income, nor the wealth. Taxes on production and imports cover all compulsory, unrequited payments, in cash or in kind, levied periodically by general government and by the European Union units. Taxes on production and imports are divided into: taxes on products (due taxes on goods or services unit produced or transformed); other taxes on production (taxes paid by enterprises as a result of production activity independent of the amount or value of goods and services sold or transformed). Social benefits comprise all current transfers in kind or in cash, provided to individuals in order to cover certain risks or needs such as: sickness, old age, death, disability, unemployment, work injury, occupational disease. They comprise also allowances for children and for certain family categories assistance. Production is an activity organized within the society in order to produce goods and services during a given period. Market production of goods and services is the output sold at prices that are economically significant or intended to be sold on the market. By convention and according to national accounts rules, all the goods are considered to be sold on the market. The output of market services covers all services which could be purchased on the market and are produced by an economic unit whose resources are mainly covered by revenue from sales of their own output. Output for own final use covers goods or services that are retained either for final consumption by the institutional unit or for gross fixed capital formation. Only households can produce and retain output for own final consumption, for example, agricultural goods produced and consumed by members of the same household. Goods or services used for own gross fixed capital formation can be produced by any kind of enterprise. They include, for example, machine tools produced for their own use by enterprises, dwellings or extensions to dwellings produced by households.

Producia non-pia const n producia administraiilor publice i instituiilor fr scop lucrativ n serviciul gospodriilor populaiei furnizat altor uniti instituionale, fie cu titlu gratuit, fie la un pre nesemnificativ din punct de vedere economic. Ramura de activitate reprezint o grupare de uniti cu producie omogen (ce grupeaz unitile cu activitate economic local). Aceste uniti se caracterizeaz printr-o activitate unic i anume prin intrri de produse i servicii, prin procese de producie i ieiri cu produse omogene. Remunerarea salariailor este definit, n contabilitatea naional, din punct de vedere al angajatorului i reprezint costul forei de munc cuprinznd nu numai salariile declarate, precum i toate formele de remunerare direct i indirect. Salariile nete primite reprezint sumele primite de angajai n contrapartida muncii depuse (inclusiv prime, sporuri, avantaje n natur), din care se scad cotizaiile sociale n sarcina salariailor, precum i impozitul pe venit. Subveniile sunt transferuri curente fr contrapartid pe care administraiile publice sau instituiile Uniunii Europene le vars productorilor rezideni n scopul influenrii nivelurilor lor de producie, preurilor lor sau remunerrii factorilor de producie. Exist dou categorii de subvenii: subvenii pe produse (sumele vrsate pe unitatea de bun sau serviciu produs sau importat); alte subvenii pe producie (sumele de care pot beneficia unitile productoare rezidente, n funcie de activitile lor de producie). Unitatea instituional reprezint centrul elementar de decizie economic caracterizat prin unicitate de comportament, cu autonomie de decizie n exercitarea funciei sale principale i care dispune de o contabilitate complet. Valoarea adugat brut este soldul contului de producie reprezentnd valoarea nou creat n procesul de producie. Variaia stocurilor este msurat prin valoarea intrrilor n stoc, diminuat cu valoarea ieirilor din stoc i cu eventualele pierderi curente ale stocurilor datorate deteriorrilor fizice, pagubelor accidentale sau furturilor. Stocurile reprezint bunurile, altele dect cele de capital fix, deinute la un moment dat de unitile de producie. Venitul disponibil brut este soldul contului de venit i msoar partea din valoarea creat de care dispune naiunea, pentru consum final i economie brut. Veniturile fiscale sunt vrsminte obligatorii ctre administraiile publice sub forma impozitelor pe producie i importuri, a impozitelor pe venit i patrimoniu i a impozitului pe capital.

Other non-market output consists of goods and individual or collective services produced by general government and NPISHs that are supplied free, or at prices that are not economically significant, to other units. The industry represents a grouping of units with homogeneous production (formed by local kind of activity units). These units are characterised by unique activity i.e inputs of products and services, by production processes and outputs of homogeneous products. Compensation of employees is defined in national accountancy, from the employer standpoint and represents the labour force cost, comprising not only stated salaries, but all forms of direct and indirect compensation. Net salaries received include the amounts received directly by the employees in return for their work (including bonuses, enhanced rates of pay, payments in kind) after deducting the social compulsory contributions of employees and tax on income. Subsidies are current unrequited payments which general government or the institutions of the European Union make to resident producers, with the objective of influencing their levels of production, their prices or the remuneration of the production factors. Subsidies are classified into: subsidies on products (subsidies payable per unit of goods or services produced or imported); other subsidies on production (amounts which resident producer units may receive depending on their producing activities). Institutional unit is an elementary economic decision-making center characterized by uniqueness of behavior, decision-making autonomy in the exercise of its principal function and which keeps (or can compile at request) a complete set of accounts. Gross value added is the balancing item of the production account and measures the value newly created within the production process. Change in inventories is measured by the value of the inventories less the value of withdrawals and the value of any recurrent losses of goods held in inventories due to physical deterioration, or accidental damage or pilfering. Inventories include all goods, other than fixed capital goods, held at a given moment in time by producer units. Gross disposable income is the balancing item of the income account and measures the part of the created value at the nations disposal intended for final consumption and gross saving. Fiscal revenues represent compulsory payments to general government taking the form of taxes on production and import, taxes on income and wealth and the taxes on capital.

Veniturile nete din proprietate ale ntreprinderii reprezint veniturile ncasate de ntreprinderi sub forma dobnzilor, a rentelor asupra terenurilor i activelor nemateriale nchiriate pentru exploatare, a dividendelor i a altor venituri ncasate, din care se scad veniturile de aceeai natur pltite de ntreprindere altor uniti (sectoare, societi etc.).

Net property and entrepreneurial income covers the income of an enterprise which takes the form of interests, rents on land and intangible assets, rented for production purposes, dividends and other income, after deducting the income of the same nature paid by the enterprise to other units (sectors, companies a.s.o.).

11.G1
%

Variaia creterii produsului intern brut Gross domestic product growth variation
anul precedent = 100 / previous year = 100

110 105 100 95 90 85 80 0

1990

107,1 103,9 101,5 94,4 91,2 87,1 95,1 103,2 97,9 99,6 102,4

105,7

105,2 105,1

108,5

107,9 106,3

107,3

104,2

92,9

1995

2000

2005

2009

Not: Datele pentru perioada 1995 - 2005 sunt revizuite, pentru perioada 2006 - 2008 sunt definitive, iar pentru anul 2009 sunt semidefinitive. Note: The data for 1995 - 2005 are revised, for 2006 - 2008 are final and for 2009 are semi-final.

11.G2
%

Evoluia productivitii muncii Evolution of labour productivity

INDICI VALORICI VALUE INDICES
anul precedent = 100 / previous year = 100

130 125 120 115 110 105 100 0

127,9 127,3 125,8

117,3 116,9 115,5

119,2 118,4 117,4

121,1 120,6 120,1 107,5 107,5 107,5

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Valoarea adugat brut Gross value added Productivitatea muncii pe persoan ocupat Labour productivity by employed person

Productivitatea orar a muncii Labour productivity per hour worked

Not: Datele pentru anii 2004 i 2005 sunt revizuite, iar pentru perioada 2006 - 2008 sunt definitive. Note: The data for 2004 and 2005 are revised and for 2006 - 2008 are final.

11.G3
% 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 8,5

Contribuii la creterea produsului intern brut, pe categorii de resurse Contributions to gross domestic product growth, by category of resources

7,9 6,3 4,2

7,3 3,4 0,3

3,0 2,2 1,9 0,5 0,9

4,0 0,7 0,7 1,0 0,3

3,3 1,81,5 1,0

2,5 1,3

2,6 2,4 1,2 0,7 0,4 -0,3 -1,0 -1,4 -1,4

-2,2

-1,2

-3,0

-7,1 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Produsul Intern Brut Gross Domestic Product Agricultur, vntoare i silvicultur Agriculture, hunting and forestry Industrie Industry

Construcii Constructions Servicii Services Impozite nete Net taxes

Not: Datele pentru anii 2004 i 2005 sunt revizuite, pentru perioada 2006 - 2008 sunt definitive, iar pentru anul 2009 sunt semidefinitive. Note: The data for 2004 and 2005 are revised, for 2006 - 2008 are final and for 2009 are semi-final.

11.G4
% 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 8,5 9,8

Contribuii la creterea produsului intern brut, pe categorii de utilizri Contributions to gross domestic product growth, by category of uses

7,4 4,2 2,4 1,7 0,2 -1,0 -4,4

9,1 7,9 4,7 1,4

8,0 6,3

7,8

7,3

6,7 4,7

7,5

3,4

0,2 -0,1

0,5 -1,0 -3,6

0,1 -0,1

-2,3 -4,5

-1,0

-6,3 2004 2005 2006 2007 -9,6 2008

-6,5 -7,1

-8,1

2009

Produsul Intern Brut Gross Domestic Product Consumul final individual efectiv al gospodriilor populaiei Households actual individual final consumption Consumul final colectiv efectiv al administraiilor publice Governments actual collective final consumption

Formarea brut de capital fix Gross fixed capital formation Export net (export-import) Net export (export-import) Variaia stocurilor Change in inventories

Not: Datele pentru anii 2004 i 2005 sunt revizuite, pentru perioada 2006 - 2008 sunt definitive, iar pentru anul 2009 sunt semidefinitive. Note: The data for 2004 and 2005 are revised, for 2006 - 2008 are final and for 2009 are semi-final.

11
11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15

CONTURI NAIONALE

Produsul intern brut, pe categorii de resurse Indicii produsului intern brut, pe categorii de resurse Produsul intern brut, pe categorii de utilizri Indicii produsului intern brut, pe categorii de utilizri Indicii produsului intern brut, pe categorii de resurse i categorii de utilizri Agregatele macroeconomice ale sectoarelor instituionale Indicatori specifici ai sectoarelor instituionale Principalele agregate, pe locuitor Rate specifice conturilor naionale Populaia ocupat, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i dup statutul profesional Ore lucrate de populaia ocupat, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i dup statutul profesional Productivitatea muncii, pe persoan ocupat Productivitatea orar a muncii Producia, consumul intermediar i valoarea adugat brut, pe activiti Indicii produciei, consumului intermediar i valorii adugate brute, pe activiti Teritorial

11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.20 11.21 11.22 11.23 11.24 11.25 11.26 11.27 11.28 11.29 11.30

Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 1995 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 1996 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 1997 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 1998 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 1999 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2000 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2001 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2002 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2003 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2004 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2005 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2006 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2007 Produsul intern brut regional, n anul 2008 Produsul intern brut regional

INVESTIII I IMOBILIZRI CORPORALE

INVESTMENTS AND TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS

12

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Ancheta structural n ntreprinderi; Cercetri statistice i bilanuri contabile completate de: operatorii economici, unitile social-culturale, unitile administraiei publice i organizaiile neguvernamentale, pentru datele privind investiiile; Cercetri statistice privind investiiile n instituiile administraiei publice; Cercetri statistice i bilanuri contabile completate de operatorii economici (aparinnd proprietii publice, mixte, private i cooperatiste) i unitile social-culturale, unitile administraiei publice, organizaiile politice i obteti, pentru datele privind imobilizrile corporale.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Structural business survey; Statistical surveys and accounting balance sheets filled in by: economic operators, socio-cultural units, public administration units and non-governmental organizations, for data on investments; Statistical surveys on public administration institutions investments; Statistical surveys and accounting balance sheets filled in by economic operators (under to public, mixed, private and co-operative ownership), by socio-cultural units, public administration units, political and community organizations, for data on tangible fixed assets.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE INVESTIII NETE

Investiiile nete (noi) reprezint cheltuielile efectuate pentru lucrri de construcii, de instalaii i de montaj, pentru achiziionarea de utilaje, mijloace de transport, alte cheltuieli destinate crerii de noi mijloace fixe, pentru dezvoltarea, modernizarea, reconstrucia celor existente, precum i valoarea serviciilor legate de transferul de proprietate al mijloacelor fixe existente i al terenurilor preluate cu plat de la alte uniti (taxe notariale, comisioane, cheltuieli de transport, de ncrcare-descrcare) etc. Nu se cuprinde n volumul investiiilor nete (noi) valoarea terenurilor i a mijloacelor fixe din ar care au mai fost folosite (cumprate de la alte uniti). Investiiile nete sunt prezentate pe activiti omogene ale economiei naionale, forme de proprietate, surse de finanare i elemente de structur. Investiiile nete cuprind urmtoarele elemente de structur: construcii - reprezint ansamblul lucrrilor prin care se realizeaz construciile noi, reconstruirea, dezvoltarea, modernizarea cldirilor cu destinaie industrial, agricol etc. De asemenea, n construcii se mai cuprind i lucrrile de montaj ale utilajelor tehnologice i funcionale cu ntregul complex de operaii prin care se realizeaz asamblarea pe antier a componentelor lor, precum i fixarea pe fundaii a acestora (inclusiv valoarea probelor i rodajelor mecanice la utilaje i linii tehnologice); utilaje (cu i fr montaj) - reprezint mainile, echipamentele, liniile i instalaiile tehnologice care pot funciona numai dup asigurarea lucrrilor de montaj, respectiv cele care pot funciona independent.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES NET INVESTMENTS

Net (new) investments represent expenditure for construction, installations and assembly works, for equipment and transport means purchasing, other expenditure for creating new fixed assets, for developing, modernizing, rebuilding the existing ones, as well as the value of services related to ownership transfer of existing fixed assets and lands paid from other units (notary duties, commissions, transport, loading - unloading expenditure) a.s.o. Volume of net (new) investments does not include value of lands and fixed assets from the country which were used before (bought from other units). Net investments are presented by homogeneous activity of national economy, type of ownership, financing source and structural elements. Net investments comprise the following structural elements: construction - represent all works carried out in order to create new buildings, rebuilding, developing, modernizing the buildings with industrial, agricultural destination a.s.o. At the same time, construction also comprise the assembly works for technological and functioning equipment with all operations needed for assembling their components on the building site, as well as for their fixation on foundations (including the value of mechanical tests and running in the technological equipment); outfits (with and without assembly) - represent technological machinery, installations, equipment and lines which can function only after ensuring assembly works, respectively those that can function

De asemenea, n aceast grup sunt cuprinse i mijloacele de transport. Acestea reprezint acele mijloace folosite pentru deplasarea n exteriorul i n interiorul unitii, cum ar fi: mijloacele de transport rutier, naval (inclusiv platforme de foraj i de exploatare), feroviar, aerian, biciclete, motociclete, vehicule pentru invalizi, vehicule cu traciune manual i animal. lucrri geologice i de foraj - reprezint ansamblul lucrrilor pentru: identificarea de noi rezerve de substane minerale utile, n stare solid i fluid, n cadrul perimetrelor aflate n exploatare, n structuri noi i n curs de cercetare; promovarea rezervelor de substane minerale utile n categorii superioare; precizarea unor caracteristici ale rezervelor de substane minerale utile n vederea ncadrrii lor n grupa rezervelor de bilan; obinerea datelor de proiectare a construciilor energetice, hidrotehnice, industriale etc., pentru determinarea structurii i compoziiei solului, a regimului de ape freatice, pentru terenurile unde urmeaz s fie amplasate obiective de investiii; extragerea substanelor minerale utile n stare fluid (foraj de exploatare); creterea factorului de recuperare i a ritmului de exploatare a ieiului, prin injectarea de fluide n zcmnt; alte investiii nete - reprezint cheltuielile efectuate pentru cumprarea animalelor de munc, de producie i reproducie, plantaii de vii, pomi, mpduriri, achiziionarea obiectelor de inventar gospodresc de natura mijloacelor fixe, plata studiilor de cercetare i proiectare pentru obiective de investiii, comisionul bncilor pentru operaiuni efectuate n legtur cu investiiile. Indicii privind evoluia investiiilor nete au fost calculai pe baza datelor n preuri comparabile.

independently. This group also comprises means of transport. They represent means used for movement inside and outside unit, such as: means of road, sea (including dwilling and exploitation platforms), rail and air transport, bycicles, motorcycles, vehicles for disabled persons, manual and animal hand vehicles.

geological and drilling works - represent all works carried out: to identify the new reserves of useful mineral substances in solid or liquid state, within the areas under exploitation, in new structures and those areas under research; to promote useful mineral substances reserves in superior categories; to specify some characteristics of useful mineral substances reserves in order to classify them within balance reserves group; to obtain designing data for energy, hydrotechnical, industrial construction a.s.o., in order to determine the soil structure and composition, the surface water regime, for the lands of investment objectives; to dig out liquid useful mineral substances (exploitation drilling), as well as works performed in order to increase the retrieving factor and the pace of crude petroleum extraction, by injecting fluids in the oil deposits; other net investments - represent the expenditure made for purchasing animals for work, production and breeding, vineyards, orchards, afforestations, purchasing of household inventory objects, as fixed assets, payments of research and design studies for investment objectives, bank commissions for operations made in correlation with investments. Indices regarding net investments evolution were computed on the basis of data expressed in comparable prices.

IMOBILIZRI CORPORALE
Imobilizrile corporale sunt active nefinanciare produse care constau n: locuine, alte cldiri (cldiri industriale, cldiri comerciale, hoteluri i restaurante, cldiri destinate educaiei, spitale etc.); structuri (autostrzi, strzi, ci ferate, aerodromuri etc.); maini i echipamente (echipamente pentru transport, echipamente radio-TV i comunicaii, instrumente medicale, mobil, instrumente muzicale etc.); plantaii i animale. ncepnd cu anul 1992, imobilizrile corporale au fost reevaluate conform legislaiei specifice. Din anul 1994, n valoarea imobilizrilor corporale s-a inclus i valoarea terenurilor deinute de operatorii economico-sociali. Indicii privind evoluia imobilizrilor corporale au fost calculai pe baza datelor n preuri comparabile.

TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS

Tangible fixed assets are non-financial produced assets that consist of: dwellings, other buildings (industrial buildings, commercial buildings, hotels and restaurants, educational buildings, hospitals a.s.o.); structures (highways, streets, railways, airfields a.s.o.); machinery and equipment (transport equipment, radio, television and communication equipment, medical instruments, furniture, musical instruments a.s.o.); plantations and livestock. Beginning with 1992, data on tangible fixed assets were reevaluated according to the specific legislation. Starting with 1994, the value of land under economic and social operators ownership was also included in the value of tangible fixed assets. Indices on the evolution of tangible fixed assets were calculated based on the data in comparable prices.

12.G1

Investiii nete, pe principalele activiti ale economiei naionale Net investments, by main activities of national economy
CAEN Rev.2 / CANE Rev.2 2008 2009

3,4%

3,9%

50,8%

32,2%

34,3% 49,6%

13,6%
Agricultur, silvicultur i pescuit Agriculture, forestry and fishing Industrie Industry

12,2%
Construcii Construction Servicii Services

12.G2

Investiii nete realizate, pe surse de finanare Net investments, by financing source

2008 2009

0,6% 8,2% 3,6% 9,7%

4,9% 1,8% 8,8% 5,3%

8,6%

7,4% 73,0% 68,1%

Surse proprii Own sources Credite interne Internal credits Credite externe External credits

Buget de stat i bugete locale State budget and local budgets Capital strin Foreign capital Alte surse Other sources

12.G3

Investiii nete, pe elemente de structur Net investments, by structural elements

2008 2009

1,5%

3,8%

0,4%

4,4%

40,3%

46,5%

54,4%

48,7%

Construcii Construction Utilaje Outfits

Lucrri geologice Geological works Alte cheltuieli de investiii Other investments expediture

12.G4

Imobilizri corporale, pe forme de proprietate Tangible fixed assets, by type of ownership

2004 33,0% 35,1% 2009

67,0%
Proprietate majoritar de stat State majority ownership

64,9%
Proprietate majoritar privat Private majority ownership

12
12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8

INVESTIII I IMOBILIZRI CORPORALE

INVESTIII NETE Investiii nete, pe activiti ale economiei naionale Investiii nete realizate, pe surse de finanare Investiii nete, pe forme de proprietate Investiii nete, pe elemente de structur Indicii investiiilor nete, pe activiti ale economiei naionale Indicii investiiilor nete, conform CAEN Rev.1 Investiii nete, pe activiti ale industriei Indicii investiiilor nete, pe activiti ale industriei IMOBILIZRI CORPORALE 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12 Balana imobilizrilor corporale Imobilizri corporale, pe activiti ale economiei naionale Imobilizri corporale, pe forme de proprietate Indicii imobilizrilor corporale, pe activiti ale economiei naionale 12.13 Imobilizri corporale, pe activiti ale industriei 12.14 Indicii imobilizrilor corporale, pe activiti ale industriei

TIIN, TEHNOLOGIE I INOVARE

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

13

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Cercetri statistice privind activitatea de cercetaredezvoltare; Cercetri statistice privind inovarea n industrie i servicii, avnd la baz Ancheta Comunitar de Inovare (CIS) a Uniunii Europene. Surse administrative: Oficiul de Stat pentru Invenii i Mrci (OSIM), pentru datele referitoare la brevete de invenie i alte obiecte ale proprietii industriale.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Statistical surveys on research-development activity; Statistical surveys on innovation in industry and services, based on the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) of the European Union. Administrative sources: State Office for Inventions and Trademarks (SOIT), for the data on patents and other objects of industrial properties.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

Domeniul tiinei, tehnologiei i inovrii prezentat n acest capitol cuprinde statistici referitoare la: cercetaredezvoltare, brevete de invenie i alte obiecte ale proprietii industriale, inovare. CERCETARE - DEZVOLTARE Sfera de cuprindere: unitile specializate (cu activitate principal) n cercetare-dezvoltare, unitile economice i sociale care au colective de cercetaredezvoltare, staiuni i institute de cercetare i producie agricol, unitile de nvmnt superior i clinicile universitare care au structuri de cercetare-dezvoltare, organizaii non-profit care au desfurat activitate de cercetare-dezvoltare. Cercetarea-dezvoltarea - activitatea sistematic i creatoare iniiat pentru a spori volumul de cunotine, inclusiv cunotinele despre om, cultur i utilizarea acestor cunotine pentru noi aplicaii. Tipuri de cercetare-dezvoltare: cercetarea fundamental, activitate experimental sau teoretic iniiat n primul rnd, pentru acumularea de noi cunotine privind aspectele fundamentale ale fenomenelor i faptelor observabile fr s aib n vedere o aplicaie deosebit sau specific; cercetarea aplicativ, activitate de investigare original n scopul acumulrii de noi cunotine, fiind ns orientat, n principal, spre un scop sau un obiectiv practic, specific; dezvoltarea experimental, activitate sistematic, ce se folosete de cunotinele existente acumulate de pe urma cercetrii i/sau a experienei practice n vederea lansrii n fabricaie de noi materiale, produse i dispozitive, introducerea de noi procedee, sisteme i servicii sau mbuntirea substanial a celor deja existente.

Science, technology and innovation field presented in this chapter comprises statistics regarding researchdevelopment and other objects of industrial property, innovation. RESEARCH - DEVELOPMENT Coverage: specialised units (with main activity) in research-development, economic and social units having research-development staff, agricultural production and research institutes and stations, higher-education units and university clinics which have research-development structures, non-profit organisations which carried out research-development activity. Research-development - the systematic and creative activity initiated to enhance the volume of knowledge, including those on human being, culture and using them for new applications. Types of research-development: fundamental research, experimental or theoretical activity primarily initiated to accumulate new knowledge on the fundamental aspects of phenomena and facts that could be examined, without having in view a special or specific application; applicative research, activity of original investigation in order to accumulate new knowledge, being mainly oriented towards a specific practical purpose or objective; experimental development, systematic activity which uses the knowledge accumulated as a result of research and/or practical experience in order to launch in fabrication new materials, products and devices, to introduce new procedures, systems and services or to significantly improve those already existing.

Datele statistice aferente activitii de cercetaredezvoltare includ i proiectarea tehnologic. Resursele umane i financiare din cercetaredezvoltare sunt prezentate pe sectoare de performan, conform metodologiei prevzut n Manualul Frascati al OECD, ediia 2002, dup modelul celor din Sistemul Conturilor Naionale, astfel: sectorul de performan ntreprinderi cuprinde unitile din mediul de afaceri al economiei naionale care au activitate principal sau secundar de cercetare-dezvoltare i de obicei i desfoar activitatea pe baz de contracte cu beneficiarii. Acest sector include: toate firmele, organizaiile i instituiile care au ca activitate principal producerea de bunuri i servicii (altele dect nvmntul superior) n scopul vnzrii ctre publicul larg, la un pre economic semnificativ, precum i toate instituiile private non-profit care le desevesc pe acestea. Nucleul de baz al sectorului de performan BES este format din ntreprinderi private (corporaii sau cvasi-corporaii), chiar dac obin sau nu profit. Printre aceste ntreprinderi pot fi gsite unele firme, pentru care activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare este principala activitate (ca de exemplu: instituii comerciale de cercetare-dezvoltare i laboratoare). Adiional, acest sector poate s includ ntreprinderi publice (corporaii publice sau cvasicorporaii guvernamentale) angajate n producia i vnzarea unui anumit tip de bunuri i servicii care sunt de obicei furnizate de ctre ntreprinderi pivate. Acest sector include de asemenea i instituiile non-profit care sunt direct productoare de bunuri i servicii, altele dect serviciile de nvmnt superior cum ar fi: instituiile non-profit angajate n producia de pia care au ca activitate principal producerea de bunuri i servicii n scopul vnzrii la un pre care acoper principalele costuri de producie. n acest sector se pot include institute de cercetare, anumite clinici i spitale private, firme cu diverse practici medicale contra unei taxe, care sunt n msur s atrag fonduri suplimentare sub form de donaii sau din active proprii. instituiile non-profit care deservesc sectorul mediului de afaceri. Acestea sunt create i ndrumate de asociaii din mediul de afaceri care au ca scop promovarea propriei activiti, cum ar fi asociaiile comerciale sau agricole. sectorul de performan guvernamental cuprinde unitile care furnizeaz servicii publice, cele cu activiti de cercetare-dezvoltare ale administraiei centrale, locale sau guvernamentale, precum i institutele naionale de cercetare dezvoltare. Tot aici se includ i instituiile non-profit care sunt finanate direct de la guvern, altele dect cele din nvamntul superior.

Statistical data related to research-development activity also include technological design. Human and financial resources from researchdevelopment are presented by sectors of performance, according to the methodology stipulated in the Frascati Manual of OECD, 2002 edition, observing the model of those used in the National Accounts System, as follows: Sector of enterprises performance includes units from the business environment of national economy, whose main or secondary activity is R&D and usually carry out their activity based on contracts with users. This sector includes: all the firms, organisations and institutions having as main activity production of goods and services (others than higher education) in order to sell to the public at large, at a significant economic price, as well as all non profit private institutions they serve. Basic nucleus of performance sector BES consists in private enterprises (corporations or quasi-corporations), irrespective if they get profit or not. Among those enterprises there can be found some firms for which R&D activity is the main activity (for instance: R&D commercial institutions and labs). Additionally, this sector can include public enterprises (public corporations or governmental quasi-corporations) involved in the production and sale of a certain type of goods and services which are usually supplied by private enterprises. This sector also includes non profit institutions which directly produce goods and services other than higher education services such as: non profit institutions involved in the market production having as main activity production of goods and services in order to sell for a price covering the main production costs. This sector can include research institutes, certain private clinics and hospitals, firms with various medical practices for a fee which can draw over additional funds as donations or from own assets. non profit institutions serving business sector. They are created and guided by business associations having as purpose to promote their own activity, such as commercial or agricultural associations. governmental performance sector includes units rendering public services those with R&D activities of governmental, central or local administration, as well as research development national institutes. Here are also included non profit institutions financed directly by the government, others than those from higher education.

 sectorul de performan nvmnt superior cuprinde unitile de profil care desfoar n mod organizat activiti de cercetare-dezvoltare. Acest sector de performan include: toate universitile, colegiile sau alte institute de nvmnt cu educaie superioar, indiferent de sursele de finanare, cu statut legal. De asemenea, acest sector de performan include toate instituiile de cercetare, staiile experimentale i clinicile medicale care se afl sub ndrumarea direct sau administrate n asociaie cu instituii din sectorul nvmnt superior. sectorul de performan privat non-profit cuprinde uniuni, fundaii, centre, asociaii, organizaii, sindicate, partide i formaiuni politice care desfoar activiti de cercetare-dezvoltare. Aici se includ i asociaiile familiale. Aceste uniti furnizeaz de regul servicii colective sau individuale fr plat sau cu un pre total nesemnificativ. Personalul din activitatea de cercetaredezvoltare este constituit din persoanele care particip la realizarea temelor de cercetare sau furnizeaz servicii directe legate de aceast activitate. Personalul de cercetare-dezvoltare a fost grupat dup mai multe criterii (unele se refer la personalul cu calificare superioar), astfel: a) dup ocupaie: cercettori - specialiti care lucreaz la conceperea sau crearea de cunotine, noi produse i procedee, metode i sisteme noi. n aceast categorie sunt inclui cercettorii tiinifici atestai i alte categorii de personal cu studii superioare care desfoar nemijlocit activitate de cercetare-dezvoltare; tehnicieni i asimilai - personalul cu un nivel mediu de pregtire sau completat cu o pregtire postliceal de specialitate ntr-un domeniu tehnic sau de alt natur, i care particip la activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare sub controlul direct al cercettorilor; alte categorii - muncitorii i personalul de secretariat i de birou care particip la execuia proiectelor de cercetare-dezvoltare sau care sunt direct implicai n executarea unor astfel de proiecte. b) dup nivelul de pregtire: personal cu studii superioare; personal cu studii postliceale; personal cu studii liceale; alte situaii. Conform Clasificrii Internaionale Standard a Educaiei (CISE) dup nivelul de pregtire, datele pentru anii 2008 i 2009, sunt prezentate astfel: deintori ai titlului de doctor; studii postuniversitare (exclusiv deintori ai titlului de doctor);

sector of higher education performance includes profile units which carry out R&D organized activitites. This sector of performance includes all the universitites, colleges or other higher education institutes, no matter of financing sources with legal status. This sector of performance also includes all the research institutions, experimental stations and medical clinics under direct guidance or administered in association with institutions from higher education sector. non profit private performance sector includes unions, foundations, centres, associations, organizations, trade unions, political parties and formations which carry out R&D activities. Family associations are also included here. These units usually provide collective or individual services free of charge or at an insignificant price. Staff from research-development activity is constituted of persons who participate in carrying out research themes or who provide services directly related to this research-development activity. Research-development staff was broken-down by several criteria (some refer only to the staff with higher qualification), as follows: a) by occupation: researchers - experts working for accumulating knowledge, concepts, creating new products and procedures, methods and systems. This category includes certified scientific researchers and other categories of higher education staff, directly carrying out research-development activity; technicians and assimilated - persons with highschool education or completed by post high-school specialised training for a technical field or another, and who take part in research-development activity, under direct control of researchers; other categories - workers and secretariate and office staff who take part in research-development projects or are directly involved in such projects. b) by level of training: tertiary education staff; post high-school education staff; high-school education staff; other situations. According to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), by training level, the data for the years 2008 and 2009, are the following: doctorate holders; post-university education (excluding doctorate holders);

 studii superioare de lung durat; studii superioare de scurt durat; alt pregtire (studii postliceale i de maitri, studii liceale, profesionale i de ucenici, alte situaii). ncepnd cu anul 1993, personalul din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare s-a calculat i n echivalent norm ntreag prin transformarea numrului de lucrtori cu norm parial n echivalent de lucrtori cu norm ntreag, corespunztor timpului de lucru destinat acestei activiti. Evaluarea resurselor umane s-a fcut astfel: norm ntreag n domeniul cercetrii-dezvoltrii (90% din timp sau peste); lucreaz, n principal, n domeniul cercetriidezvoltrii (50% - 90% din timp); norm parial n domeniul cercetrii-dezvoltrii (mai puin de 50% din timp). Cheltuielile curente cuprind toate plile, reprezentnd costul forei de munc i al materialelor. Cheltuielile de capital (investiii) cuprind plile efectuate n cursul unei perioade pentru realizarea de lucrri de construcii, achiziionarea de aparate, instrumente, maini i echipamente sau alte cheltuieli de aceast natur, menite s contribuie la creterea volumului de mijloace fixe ale unitii. Cheltuielile totale (curente i de capital) aferente activitii de cercetare-dezvoltare s-au grupat dup o serie de caracteristici, astfel: a) dup sursa de finanare: de la ntreprinderi, destinate realizrii lucrrilor de cercetare-dezvoltare contractate de acestea, precum i din resursele provenite din activitile de producie, microproducie, economii la cheltuielile generale ale unitii i alte surse de care dispune unitatea; din fondurile publice, administrate n principal de coordonatorii de fonduri i utilizate pentru finanarea lucrrilor de cercetare-dezvoltare realizate pe baz de contracte i programe generale finanate de la buget; din fondurile publice generale universitare, care cuprind sumele acordate prin granturi de ministerul coordonator i creditele de la diferite organisme internaionale; de la unitile din nvmntul superior, pentru realizarea lucrrilor de cercetare-dezvoltare contractate de acestea precum i ncasrile din microproducie, vnzri de reviste, jurnale, taxe de la studeni, nchirieri de spaii etc.; de la instituii fr scop lucrativ, pentru realizarea lucrrilor de cercetare-dezvoltare contractate de organizaii profesionale, asociaii sindicale, culturale, organizaii de caritate sau ntrajutorare etc.;

long-term tertiary education; short-term tertiary education; other training (post high-school and foremen education, high-school, vocational and aprenticeship, other situations). Starting with 1993, the staff from researchdevelopment activity has been also calculated in fulltime equivalent converting the number of part time workers in equivalent of full-time workers, corresponding to the working time devoted to this activity. The evaluation of human resources was performed as follows: full-time in the field of research-development (90% of time or over); mainly working in the field of research-development (50-90% of time); part-time in the field of research-development (less than 50% of time). Current expenditure include all payments, representing the labour cost and cost of materials. Capital expenditure (investments) include payments made during a period for construction works, purchase of apparatus, instruments, machinery and equipment or other similar expenditure, meant to contribute to the increase in the units fixed assets volume. Total expenditure (capital and current ones) for research-development activity were structured by several features, as follows: a) by financing source: from enterprises, to achieve research-development works contracted by them, as well as from resources coming from production activities, microproduction, savings of unit general expenses and any other available sources of the unit; from public funds, mainly managed by funds coordinators and used to finance researchdevelopment works based on contracts and general programs financed from the budget; from university public general funds, which comprise grants from coordinator ministry and credits from various international bodies; from tertiary education units, to achieve researchdevelopment works contracted by them as well as receipts from microproduction, sales of magazines, newspapers, student taxes, space rents a.s.o.; from non-lucrative institutions, to achieve research-development works contracted by professional organisations, trade unions, cultural associations, charity or mutual assistance organisations a.s.o.;

 din fondurile din strintate, pentru activiti de cercetare-dezvoltare, inclusiv sursele primite de la organizaii internaionale, guverne sau instituii strine. b) dup obiective socio-economice, cheltuielile aferente activitii de cercetare-dezvoltare sunt structurate pe tipuri de programe tiinifice utilizate pe plan internaional (conform Nomenclatorului pentru analiza i comparaia bugetelor i programelor tiinifice - NABS). INOVAREA N INDUSTRIE I SERVICII Sfera de cuprindere: ntreprinderile active cu peste 9 salariai, care desfoar activiti comerciale i care au activitatea economic principal n urmtoarele domenii: industrie (CAEN Rev.2, diviziunile: 05-09, 10-33, 35, 36-39); servicii (CAEN Rev.2, diviziunile: 46, 49-53, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64-66, 71). Inovarea este o activitate din care rezult un produs (bun sau serviciu) nou sau semnificativ mbuntit sau un proces nou sau semnificativ mbuntit, o metod nou de marketing sau o metod nou organizaional. Inovarea este bazat pe rezultatele unor tehnologii noi, a unor dezvoltri tehnologice, a noi combinaii ale tehnologiei existente sau utilizarea altor cunotine obinute de ntreprindere. Inovarea trebuie s fie nou pentru ntreprindere, dar nu este necesar s fie nou pentru sectorul de activitate sau pentru pia. Nu are importan dac inovarea a aprut iniial n ntreprinderea repondent sau n alte ntreprinderi. Inovarea de produs nseamn introducerea pe pia a unui bun sau serviciu nou sau semnificativ mbuntit cu respectarea nsuirilor sale, de exemplu un software mbuntit, introducerea de elemente de utilizare prietenoase, componente sau subsisteme. Inovarea de proces corespunde implementrii unui proces productiv, unei metode de distribuie sau unei activiti auxiliare noi sau semnificativ mbuntite. Inovarea organizaional reprezint implementarea unei metode noi n practicile de afaceri ale ntreprinderii, n organizarea locului de munc sau n relaiile externe. Inovarea de marketing se refer la implementarea unei metode noi de marketing ce implic schimbri semnificative n design-ul sau n ambalarea produsului, n plasarea produsului, promovarea acestuia sau n stabilirea preului. ntreprinderi inovative sunt ntreprinderile care au lansat produse (bunuri sau servicii) noi sau semnificativ mbuntite pe pia sau au introdus procese noi sau semnificativ mbuntite sau noi metode de organizare sau de marketing. Termenul acoper toate tipurile de inovatori, inovatorii de produs, de proces, de metode de organizare sau de metode de marketing, precum i ntreprinderile cu inovri nefinalizate sau abandonate i se refer la ntreprinderile active.

external funds, for research-development activities, including sources from international bodies, governments or foreign institutions. b) by socio-economic objectives, the expenditure for research-development activity are structured by types of scientific programmes used at international level (according to the Nomenclature for analysis and comparison of budgets and scientific programmes - NABS). INNOVATION IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES Coverage: active enterprises with over 9 employees, which develop commercial activities and which have their main economic activity in the following fields: industry (CANE Rev.2, divisions: 05-09, 10-33, 35, 36-39); services (CANE Rev.2, divisions: 46, 49-53, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64-66, 71). Innovation is an activity resulting in a new or significantly improved product (good or service) or a new or significantly improved process, a new marketing method or a new organizational method. Innovation is based on results of new technologies, technological development, new combinations of existent technologies or using other knowledge obtained by the enterprise. Innovation should be new for the enterprise, but it is not necessary to be new for activity sector or for the market. It is not important if innovation initially appeared in respondent enterprise or in other enterprises. Product innovation means introduction on the market of a new or significantly improved good or service respecting its features, for instance an improved software, introduction of elements of friendly use, components or subsystems. Process innovation corresponds to the implementation of a new or significantly improved productive process, distribution method or auxiliary activity. Organisational innovation represents the implementation of a new method in enteprise business practices, in the work place organization or in external relations. Marketing innocation refers to implementation of a new marketing method involving significant changes in the product design or its package, in product placement its promotion or price set up. Innovating enterprises are enterprises which launced new or significantly imrpoved products(goods or services) on the market or introduced new or significantly improved processes or new organization or marketing methods This term covers all the types of innovators, product, process, organization method or marketing methods, as well as enterprises with unfinalized or abandoned innovations and refer to active enterprises.

ntreprinderile cu inovare tehnologic sunt acele ntreprinderi care au produse sau procese noi sau semnificativ mbuntite. ntreprinderile cu inovare non-tehnologic sunt acele ntreprinderi care au introdus metode de organizare sau de marketing noi sau semnificativ mbuntite. ntreprinderile cu inovri nefinalizate sau abandonate sunt ntreprinderile care au avut inovare nefinalizat sau abandonat pentru dezvoltarea sau introducerea produselor noi sau semnificativ mbuntite (bunuri sau servicii) sau implementarea noilor procese, inclusiv activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare. ntreprinderile non-inovative sunt ntreprinderile care nu au avut activitate inovativ n perioada analizat. Aceste ntreprinderi au rspuns la un set limitat de ntrebri din ancheta statistic, cu privire la absena activitii inovative. Cheltuielile pentru inovare cuprind att cheltuielile pentru inovarea finalizat, ct i cele pentru inovarea nefinalizat sau abandonat. Principalele componente ale cheltuielilor sunt: Cheltuielile pentru activitatea de cercetaredezvoltare intern - cheltuieli pentru activitile creatoare ntreprinse sistematic n cadrul ntreprinderii, n vederea creterii volumului de cunotine i a utilizrii lor n scopul realizrii de produse (bunuri sau servicii) i procese noi i mbuntite (inclusiv dezvoltare de software). Cheltuielile pentru activitatea de cercetaredezvoltare extern - cheltuieli pentru activitile de cercetare-dezvoltare realizate de ctre alte ntreprinderi sau institute de cercetare. Cheltuieli pentru achiziia de maini, echipamente i software - cheltuieli pentru achiziionarea de maini performante, echipamente, hardware sau software pentru obinerea produselor i/sau proceselor noi sau cu mbuntiri semnificative. Cheltuieli pentru achiziii de alte cunotine externe care includ achiziia de licene de brevete i invenii nebrevetate, know-how i alte tipuri de cunotine de la alte ntreprinderi sau organizaii. Finanarea public a inovrii include sprijin financiar sub form de granturi (mprumuturi nerambursabile), credite, subvenii i garanii pentru credite, primite de ntreprinderi din partea diferitelor organisme: autoriti locale sau regionale, guvern (inclusiv instituii ce lucreaz n numele guvernului) i Uniunea European. Cooperarea n domeniul inovrii nseamn participare activ la proiecte comune de cercetaredezvoltare i la alte proiecte de inovare cu alte ntreprinderi sau instituii. Din aceast cooperare nu este neaprat necesar ca ambii parteneri s aib beneficii comerciale imediate comune. Contractarea de lucrri, fr o colaborare activ, nu nseamn cooperare.

Enterprises with technological innovation are those enterprises which have new or significantly improved products or processes. Enterprises with non technological innovation are those enterprises which introduced new or significantly improved organization or marketing methods. Enterprises with unfinalized or abandoned innovations are enterprises which had unfinalized or abandoned innovation to develop or introduce new or significantly improved products (goods or services) or implement new processes, including R&D activity. Non-innovative enterprises are enterprises which have no innovative activity in the analyzed period. These enterprises responded to a limited set of questions from statistical survey regarding absence of innovative activity. Expenditure for innovation include both expenditure for finalized innovation and those fro refinalized or abandoned innovation. Main components of expenditure are Expenditure for internal R&D activity expenditure for creative activities systematically developed within the enterprises in order to increase volume of knowledge and their use to achieve new and improved products (goods and services) and processes (including software development). Expenditure for external R&D activity expenditure for R&D activities achieved by other enterprises or research institutes. Expenditure for purchasing machinery, equipment and software - expenditure for purchasing performing machinery, equipment, hardware or software to obtain new or significantly improved products and/or processes. Expenditure for purchasing other external knowledge which include purchasing patent licences and not patented inventions, know-how and other types of knowledge from other enterprises or organisations. Public financing of innovation includes financial support as grants (non reimbursable loans), credits, subsidies and guarantees for credits, received by enterprises from various bodies: local or regional authorities, government (including institutions working on government behalf) and European Union. Cooperation in the field of innovation means active participation in common R&D projects and other innovation projects with other enterprises or institutions. Out of this cooperation, it is not absolutely necessary that both partners should have common immediate commercial benefits. Contracting works, without active collaboration, does not mean cooperation.

Sursele de informare pentru inovare se refer la principalele surse cu grad ridicat de importan, necesare pentru iniierea de noi proiecte de inovare, pentru contribuia la completarea proiectelor de inovare existente sau pentru utilizarea drepturilor de proprietate intelectual. Ele se clasific n surse interne, surse de pia, surse instituionale i alte surse. Obiectivele inovrilor se refer la intenia ntreprinderii privind activitile inovative. Sunt selectate obiective cu grad ridicat de importan, respectiv: extinderea gamei de bunuri i servicii, nlocuirea produselor sau proceselor vechi, intrarea pe noi piee, creterea ponderii pieei, mbuntirea calitii bunurilor i serviciilor, mbuntirea flexibilitii pentru producerea de bunuri i servicii, creterea capacitii de producere de bunuri i servicii, mbuntirea sntii i gradului de securitate a muncii, reducerea costurilor cu fora de munc pe unitatea de produs rezultat. BREVETE DE INVENIE I ALTE OBIECTE ALE PROPRIETII INDUSTRIALE Datele au la baz reglementrile din legile speciale de proprietate industrial i Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 573/1998 n care sunt prevzute sarcinile i competenele Oficiului de Stat pentru Invenii i Mrci (OSIM), organ de specialitate al administraiei publice centrale, cu autoritate unic pe teritoriul Romniei n domeniul proteciei proprietii industriale, n conformitate cu legea i cu prevederile conveniilor internaionale la care statul romn este parte. Proprietatea industrial cuprinde: invenii, modele de utilitate, soiuri de plante, mrci i indicaii geografice, desene i modele, respectiv topografiile produselor semiconductoare. Solicitant - persoana fizic sau juridic care cere n scris la OSIM, acordarea unui titlu de protecie pentru un obiect de proprietate industrial (brevet sau certificat de nregistrare). Titular - persoana fizic sau juridic creia i aparine dreptul conferit prin titlul de protecie acordat (brevet sau certificat de nregistrare). Brevet de invenie - titlul de protecie care se acord de ctre OSIM pentru orice invenie avnd ca obiect un produs sau un procedeu, n toate domeniile tehnologice, cu condiia ca aceasta s fie nou, s implice o activitate inventiv i s fie susceptibil de aplicare industrial. Cerere de brevet de invenie, redactat n limba romn, cuprinde: solicitarea acordrii unui brevet i datele de identificare ale solicitantului; o descriere a inveniei (prezentarea n scris a inveniei); una sau mai multe revendicri (partea de brevet care cuprinde obiectul proteciei solicitate i al crui coninut determin ntinderea proteciei); desenele la care se face referire n descriere sau revendicri.

Information sources for innovation refer to main very important sources, necessary to initiate new innovation projects, for contribution to complete innovation projects existent or for use of intellectual proerty rights. They are classified in internal sources, market sources, institutional sources and other sources. Objectives of innovations refer to enterprise intention regarding innovative activities. There are selected very important objectives, namely: extension of goods and services range, replace of obsolete products or processes, enter new markets, growth of market weight, improve the quality of goods and services, improve the flexibility of goods and services production, increase of capacity for goods and services production, improve health and work security , reduce labour costs per unit of product.

PATENTS AND OTHER OBJECTS OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY Data rely on the regulations from industrial property special laws and Government Decision no.573/1998 stipulating tasks and competences of State Office for Inventions and Trademarks (SOIT), specialized body of public central government, with unique authority on the territory of Romania in the field of industrial property protection, in accordance with the law and stipulations of international conventions where the Romanian state is party. Industrial property includes inventions, utility models, types of plants, marks and geographical indications, drawings and models, respectively topographies of semi-conductor products. Applicant - natural or legal person who asks SOIT in writing, for granting a protection title for an object of industrial property (patent or registration certificate). Titular - natural or legal person who holds the right granted by protection tile (license or registration certificate). Patent - protection title granted by SOIT for any invention having as object a product or procedure, in all technological fields, provided that it should be new, involve an inventive activity and susceptible of industrial application. Patent application elaborated into Romanian comprises: request for a patent and identification data of applicant; invention description (written presentation); one or several claims (patent part presenting object of requested protection and whose content determines protection extent); drawings referred to in the description and claims.

Publicarea brevetului reprezint difuzarea informaiei ntr-un mod accesibil publicului. Brevet european - brevetul de invenie eliberat de Oficiul European de Brevete, n conformitate cu Convenia privind brevetul european, adoptat la Mnchen la 5 octombrie 1973. Brevet european validat n Romnia - este un brevet european care are efecte n Romnia. Clasificarea Internaional a Brevetelor (CIB), instituit n baza Aranjamentului de la Strasbourg n anul 1971, mparte domeniul tehnic n opt seciuni cu aproximativ 70000 de subdiviziuni. Simbolurile CIB, formate din cifre arabe i litere ale alfabetului latin, se aplic pe documentele de brevet (cereri de brevet publicate i brevete acordate) de ctre oficiile de proprietate industrial, naionale sau regionale, care public aceste documente. CIB se utilizeaz n mai mult de 100 de ri, care public anual peste un milion de documente de brevet. Modelul de utilitate protejeaz orice invenie tehnic, cu condiia s fie nou, s depeasc nivelul simplei ndemnri profesionale i s fie susceptibil de aplicare industrial. Cererea de model de utilitate conine: datele de identificare ale solicitantului; solicitarea proteciei prin model de utilitate, nsoit de titlul inveniei; o descriere a inveniei; una sau mai multe revendicri; desenele la care se face referire n descriere sau n revendicri. Certificatul de model de utilitate este un titlu de protecie acordat de OSIM n condiiile prevzute de lege. Brevet pentru soi de plant - se acord de OSIM dac acesta este nou, distinct, uniform i stabil. Soi - grupul de plante aparinnd unui taxon botanic de cel mai jos rang cunoscut, care poate fi: definit prin expresia caracterelor rezultnd dintr-un anumit genotip sau dintr-o anumit combinaie de genotipuri; distinct fa de orice alt grup de plante, prin expresia a cel puin unuia dintre caracterele prevzute mai sus; considerat ca o entitate cu privire la capacitatea sa de a fi reprodus ca atare. Desen sau model - aspectul exterior al unui produs sau al unei pri a acestuia, redat n dou sau trei dimensiuni, rezultat din combinaia dintre principalele caracteristici, ndeosebi linii, contururi, culori, form, textur i/sau materiale i/sau ornamentaia produsului n sine. Cererea de nregistrare a desenului sau modelului cuprinde: solicitarea de nregistrare a desenului sau modelului i datele de identificare ale solicitantului; numrul de desene sau modele pentru care se cere

Patent publication represents information dissemination to be accessible for the public. European patent - patent released by European Patent Office, in accordance with the Convention on European patent, adopted in Munich on October 5, 1973. European patent validated in Romania - is an European patent which has effects in Romania. International Patent Classification (IPC), based on Strasbourg Agreement in 1971, divides technical field into eight sections with about 70000 subdivisions, IPC symbols, comprising Arabian digits and Latin letters, being applied on patent documents (issued patent application and patents granted) by national or regional industrial property offices, issuing these documents. IPC are used in over 100 countries, issuing yearly over one million patent documents.

Utility model protects any technical invention if it is new, exceeds the level of simple professional skill and is susceptible of industrial application. Demand of utility model contains: Identification data of petitioner Protection request by utility model, accompanied by invention title; Invention description; One or more claims; Designs referred to in the description or claims. Certificate of utility model is a protection title granted by SOIT according to legal stipulations. Patent for plant type - is granted by SOIT if it is new, distinct, unform and stable. Type - group of plants belonging to a botanic taxon of the lowest known range, which can be: defined by expression of characters resulted from a certain genotype or a certain combination of genotypes; distinct as against any other group of plants, by expression of at least one of characters stipulated above; considered as an entity regarding its capacity to be reproduced as such; Drawing or model - outer aspect of a product or of its part, given in two or three dimensions, resulted from the combination between main characteristics, especially lines, outlines, colors, forms, texture and /or ornamentation of the product itself. Registration application of drawing or model contains: application to register the drawing or model and identification data of applicant; number of drawings or models for which the

protecia; descrierea elementelor noi, caracteristice desenului sau modelului; reprezentrile grafice ale desenului sau modelului; indicarea produselor n care este ncorporat desenul sau modelul, cnd este cazul. Certificat de nregistrare a desenelor / modelelor publicate - titlul de protecie acordat de OSIM pentru desenele / modelele nregistrate i publicate. Marc - semnul susceptibil de reprezentare grafic servind la deosebirea produselor sau serviciilor unei persoane fizice sau juridice de cele aparinnd altor persoane. Pot constitui mrci semne distinctive cum ar fi: cuvinte, inclusiv nume de persoane, desene, litere, cifre, elemente figurative, forme tridimensionale i n special forma produsului sau ambalajului su, combinaii de culori, precum i orice combinaie a acestor semne. Cerere de nregistrare a unei mrci - conine datele de identificare ale solicitantului, reproducerea mrcii precum i indicarea produselor sau serviciilor pentru care nregistrarea este cerut, redactat n limba romn. Indicaie geografic - denumirea servind la identificarea unui produs originar dintr-o ar, regiune sau localitate a unui stat n cazurile n care o calitate, o reputaie sau alte caracteristici determinate pot fi n mod esenial atribuite acestei origini geografice.

protection is asked; description of new elements, characteristic for the drawing or model; graphs of drawing or model; indication of product in which drawing or model is incorporated, if case. Registration certificate of drawing or model published - protection title granted by SOIT for drawings or models registered and published. Trademark - sign susceptible of graphic presentation used to distinguish products or services of natural or legal persons from those belonging to other persons. Trademarks can be also distinct signs, such as: words, including personal names, drawings, letters, digits, figurative elements, three dimensional forms, especially product form or its package, color combinations, as well as any combination of these signs. Registration application of trademark - comprises identification data of the applicant, trademark reproduction as well as products or services indication for which the application is done into Romanian. Geographical indication - name identifying a product from one country, region or locality of a state if one quality, reputation or other characteristics can be essentially granted to this geographical origin.

13.G1
100 80 60 40 20 0
%

Structura salariailor1) din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan Structure of employees1) from research - development activity, by sectors of performance
0,7 20,7 0,6 20,5 0,3 27,8 0,6 23,9 0,4 27,8 0,4 31,1

29,5

30,3

27,2

30,3

33,9

30,6

49,1

48,6

44,7

45,2

37,9

37,9

2004

2005
Sectorul ntreprinderi Enterprises sector Sectorul guvernamental Government sector

2006

2007

2008

2009

Sectorul nvmnt superior Tertiary education sector Sectorul privat non-profit Private non-profit sector

1) Numr persoane n echivalent norm ntreag. / Number of persons in full-time equivalent.

13.G2

Structura salariailor din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, dup nivelul de pregtire, n anul 2009 Structure of employees from research - development activity, by training level, in 2009
1,9% 13,5%

5,5%

283981)

79,1%
Studii superioare Tertiary education Studii postliceale Post high school Studii liceale High school Alte situaii Others

1) Numr persoane n echivalent norm ntreag. / Number of persons in full-time equivalent.

13.G3

Structura cercettorilor din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe domenii tiinifice Structure of researches from research-development activity, by scientific field
2004 5,7% 6,7% 50,5% 14,0% 37,7% 2009

11,9% 5,9%

10,1% 9,0%

14,0% 17,0%
tiine inginereti i tehnologice Engineering and technological sciences tiine naturale i exacte Natural and exact sciences tiine sociale Social sciences

17,5%
tiine umaniste Humanities tiine medicale Medical sciences tiine agricole Agricultural sciences

13.G4
% 100 80

Structura cheltuielilor totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan Structure of total expenditure from research - development activity, by sectors of performance
0,5 10,1 2,4 13,7 1,5 17,7 0,4 24,1 0,2 28,8 0,2 24,7

34,1 60 40 20 0 55,3

34,2

32,3 33,9 41,0 34,9

49,7

48,5

41,6

30,0

40,2

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Sectorul ntreprinderi Enterprises sector Sectorul guvernamental Government sector

Sectorul nvmnt superior Tertiary education sector Sectorul privat non-profit Private non-profit sector

13.G5

Structura cheltuielilor totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, pe surse de finanare Structure of total expenditure from research - development activity, by financing source
2004 5,5% 1,5% 8,3% 45,7% 15,9% 2009 1,9% 39,1%

3,3%

44,0%

34,8%

Fonduri publice Public funds ntreprinderi Enterprises Fonduri publice generale universitare University general public funds

Fonduri din strintate Humanities Uniti din nvmntul superior Tertiary education units

13

TIIN, TEHNOLOGIE I INOVARE

CERCETARE - DEZVOLTARE 13.1 Principalii indicatori din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan i forme de proprietate 13.2 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, dup ocupaie i nivel de pregtire 13.3 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan i ocupaii 13.4 Cercettorii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe domenii tiinifice 13.5 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan i nivel de pregtire 13.6 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan i nivel de pregtire, conform clasificrii internaionale standard a educaiei (CISE) 13.7 Cercettorii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan i grupe de vrst 13.8 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare din sectorul ntreprinderi, pe activiti economice i dup ocupaie 13.9 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare din sectorul ntreprinderi, pe activiti economice i dup nivelul de pregtire 13.10 Cheltuielile curente din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan i tipuri de cercetare 13.11 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan i categorii de cheltuieli 13.12 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe sectoare de performan i surse de finanare 13.13 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare din sectorul ntreprinderi, pe activiti economice i categorii de cheltuieli 13.14 Cheltuielile curente din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare din sectorul ntreprinderi, pe activiti economice i elemente componente 13.15 Cheltuielile de capital din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare din sectorul ntreprinderi, pe activiti economice i elemente componente 13.16 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, pe tipuri de programe de cercetare-dezvoltare conform nabs i surse de finanare INOVAREA N INDUSTRIE I SERVICII 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 13.21 13.22 13.23 ntreprinderi cu inovare tehnologic, dup tipul inovrii ntreprinderile inovative, pe activiti economice i clase de mrime Tipologia inovatorilor ntreprinderi cu inovare tehnologic care au indicat cea mai important surs de informare pentru inovare, n total ntreprinderi inovative ntreprinderi cu inovare non-tehnologic, dup tipul inovrii Ponderea cifrei de afaceri a ntreprinderilor cu inovare de produse, n cifra de afaceri total a ntreprinderilor inovative Ponderea ntreprinderilor cu produse i/sau procese inovative care au indicat obiective cu grad ridicat de importan, n total ntreprinderi inovative 2006 - 2008 Ponderea ntreprinderilor care au indicat un impact ridicat al efectelor inovrii asupra produselor i alte efecte ale inovrii, n total ntreprinderii inovative, pe clase de mrime i activiti economice Ponderea ntreprinderilor care au indicat un impact ridicat al efectelor inovrii asupra proceselor inovrii, n total ntreprinderi inovative, pe clase de mrime i activiti economice Cheltuielile pentru inovare tehnologic ntreprinderile cu inovare tehnologic care au primit fonduri publice n total ntreprinderi inovative, pe tipuri de fonduri publice ntreprinderile cu inovare tehnologic care coopereaz, n total ntreprinderi inovative, dup locaia geografic a partenerului BREVETE DE INVENIE I ALTE OBIECTE ALE PROPRIETII INDUSTRIALE 13.29 Cererile de brevet de invenie depuse 13.30 Brevete de invenie acordate i publicate 13.31 Alte obiecte de proprietate industrial Teritorial 13.32 Activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare, n profil teritorial 13.33 Salariaii din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, n profil teritorial i pe ocupaii 13.34 Cheltuielile totale din activitatea de cercetare - dezvoltare, n profil teritorial i pe categorii de cheltuieli 13.35 ntreprinderi cu inovare tehnologic, dup tipul inovrii, n profil teritorial 13.36 Tipologia inovatorilor, pe clase de mrime, activiti economice, n profil teritorial 13.37 Tipologia inovatorilor, n profil teritorial 13.38 ntreprinderi inovative i non-inovative, pe clase de mrime, activiti economice, n profil teritorial 13.39 Cheltuielile de inovare, pe clase de mrime, activiti economice, n profil teritorial i elemente componente 13.40 Cererile de brevet de invenie depuse de solicitani romni, n profil teritorial 13.41 Cererile de nregistrare a desenelor / modelelor, ale solicitanilor romni, n profil teritorial 13.42 Cererile de nregistrare a mrcilor, ale solicitanilor romni, n profil teritorial

13.24

13.25

13.26 13.27 13.28

AGRICULTUR I SILVICULTUR

AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

14

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Anchetele Structurale n Agricultur 2005 i 2007; Cercetri statistice realizate prin sondaj aliniate la acquis-ul comunitar n domeniul statisticii agricole privind suprafeele i producia vegetal, efectivele de animale i producia animal; Pentru anii anteriori, cercetri statistice bazate pe surse administrative; Cercetri statistice curente privind fondul forestier, masa lemnoas recoltat, suprafaa parcurs cu tieri, mpduriri i volumul de lemn exploatat. Surse administrative: Agenia Naional de Cadastru i Publicitate Imobiliar, pentru fondul funciar dup modul de folosin pentru perioada 2004 - 2006 i Ministerul Agriculturii i Dezvoltrii Rurale pentru perioada 2007 - 2009. Administraia Naional a mbuntirilor Funciare, pentru suprafaa agricol irigat; Ministerul Agriculturii i Dezvoltrii Rurale, pentru ngrmintele chimice i naturale folosite n agricultur i pentru parcul de tractoare i maini agricole principale din agricultur aferent sfritului de an al perioadei 2005 - 2009.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Farm Structure Surveys 2005 and 2007; Statistical sample surveys aligned to community acquis in the field of agriculture statistics on crop area and production, livestock and animal production; For previous years, statistical surveys based on administrative sources; Statistical current surveys regarding forest land, harvested timber, cutting wood area, afforestations and volume of wood exploited. Administrative sources: National Agency of Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising, for land fund by use for the interval 2004-2006 and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development for the internal 2007 - 2009; National Administration for Land Arrangements, for irrigated agricultural area; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, for chemical and natural fertilizers used in agriculture and for park of tractors and of main agricultural machinery related to the end of year, of 2005 - 2009 period.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
AGRICULTUR Fondul funciar reprezint totalitatea terenurilor, indiferent de destinaie, de titlul pe baza cruia sunt deinute sau de domeniul public sau privat din care fac parte. Suprafaa agricol, dup modul de folosin, include terenurile cu destinaie agricol, aflate n proprietatea persoanelor fizice sau juridice i care se clasific astfel: teren arabil, puni i fnee naturale, vii i pepiniere viticole, livezi i pepiniere pomicole. Terenul arabil reprezint suprafaa care se ar n fiecare an sau la mai muli ani i se cultiv cu plante anuale sau perene. Punile reprezint terenurile acoperite cu vegetaie ierboas, instalat pe cale natural sau regenerat prin nsmnare, destinate punatului animalelor. Fneele reprezint terenurile acoperite cu vegetaie ierboas, instalat pe cale natural sau regenerat prin nsmnare i destinate recoltrii pentru obinerea de fn. Viile i pepinierele viticole reprezint suprafeele cu plantaii viticole, pepiniere viticole i terenul n pregtire pentru vii. Livezile i pepinierele pomicole reprezint suprafeele cu plantaii pomicole, arbuti fructiferi, pepiniere pomicole i terenul n pregtire pentru livezi.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
AGRICULTURE Land fund represents all lands no matter of destination, of the title based on which they are owned or of public or private sector to which they belong. Agricultural area includes, by use, the lands with agricultural destination, owned by natural or legal persons, classified as follows: arable land, natural pastures and hayfields, vineyards and vine nurseries, orchards and tree nurseries. Arable land represents the area which is ploughed each year or at several years, cultivated with annual or perennial plants. Pastures represent lands covered with herbal vegetation, grown in natural way, or regenerated by sowing, for animal pasturing. Hayfields represent the lands covered with herbal vegetation, grown in natural way, or regenerated by sowing, for hay harvesting. Vineyards and nurseries represent the areas covered with vineyards, vine nurseries and land prepared for vineyards. Orchards and tree nurseries represent the areas covered with tree plantations, fruit younglings, tree nurseries and land prepared for orchards.

Suprafaa cultivat reprezint suprafaa nsmnat/ plantat n ogor propriu, n anul agricol de referin (1 octombrie - 30 septembrie) cu o cultur principal (care ocup terenul cea mai mare perioad de timp) sau n anii agricoli precedeni pentru culturile bienale, trienale sau perene. Suprafaa agricol irigat reprezint suprafaa pe care s-a aplicat cel puin o udare n anul agricol de referin. Producia ramurii agricole se determin conform metodologiei Eurostat privind Conturile Economice pentru Agricultur i cuprinde: valoarea tuturor produciilor de produse agricole (inclusiv valoarea produciei de vin obinut n unitile agricole care nu dispun de instalaii industriale de vinificaie) i valoarea serviciilor agricole efectuate de unitile specializate. Aceast producie nu cuprinde: valoarea consumului de smn din producie proprie pentru culturile la care nsmnrile se fac toamna, valoarea strugurilor utilizai n producia de vin a unitilor agricole care nu dispun de instalaii industriale de vinificaie, valoarea laptelui consumat de animale, valoarea oulor puse la incubat i pierderile la productori dup recoltare. Producia ramurii agricole cuprinde i valoarea activitilor secundare neagricole neseparabile i este diminuat cu valoarea laptelui transformat n derivate n aceeai ferm. Activitile secundare neagricole neseparabile sunt activiti legate direct de producia agricol i nu pot fi separate de activitatea agricol principal din punct de vedere al costurilor (ex.: producerea brnzeturilor n ferma zootehnic). Producia ramurii agricole este exprimat n preuri curente de baz (preurile la productor la care se adaug subveniile pe produs i se scad impozitele pe produs) ale fiecrui an. Indicii produciei ramurii agricole se calculeaz ca raport ntre valoarea produciei din anul curent exprimat n preurile anului anterior i valoarea produciei din anul anterior. Producia agricol vegetal reprezint producia fizic obinut n perioada de referin (anul n care se face recoltarea), mai puin pierderile la recoltare, exprimat n uniti fizice n funcie de natura produselor i a grupelor de produse i cuprinde: producia culturilor n ogor propriu; producia culturilor intercalate; producia culturilor succesive; producia obinut n grdinile familiale (pentru legume, cartofi, fructe i struguri). Producia medie reprezint cantitatea de produse (pe fiecare cultur) obinut pe unitatea de suprafa cultivat.

Cultivated area represents the area sown/planted in own field, in the agricultural reference year (October, 1 - September, 30) with a main crop (covering the land for the majority of time period) or in previous agricultural years for biennial, triennial or perennial crops. Irrigated agricultural area represents the area on which at least one irrigation was done during in agricultural reference year. Agricultural branch production is determined according to the Eurostat methodology on Economic Accounts for Agriculture and comprises: the value of all agricultural products (including the value of wine production obtained in agricultural units having no wine industrial installations) and the value of agricultural services carried out by specialised units. This production does not comprise: the value of the seed consumption from own production for the crops where sowings are done in autumn, the value of grapes used for wine production of agricultural units having no wine industrial installations, the value of milk consumed by animals, the value of eggs in incubator and producers losses after harvesting. The agricultural branch production includes the value of non-agricultural inseparable secondary activities and it is diminished with the value of milk changed into derivates in the same farm. Non-agricultural inseparable secondary activities are directly related to agricultural production and cannot be separated by main agricultural production from the viewpoint of costs (ex.: production of cheese products in livestock farms). Agricultural branch production is expressed in current, basic prices (producer prices plus subsidies on product, minus taxes on product) of each year. Agricultural branch production indices are calculated as the ratio between production value in current year expressed in the prices of the previous year and production value in the previous year. Crop agricultural production represents the physical production obtained in the reference period (year when harvesting is done) except harvesting losses, expressed in physical units by nature of products and groups of products and includes: production in own field; production in combined crops; production in successive crops; production obtained in kitchen gardens (for vegetables, potatoes, fruit and grapes). Average yield represents the quantity of products (for each crop) obtained on the unit of cultivated area.

Producia de fructe reprezint cantitatea de fructe pe specii, obinut de la pomii din livezi i rzlei, arbutii fructiferi i cpuni. Greutatea n viu a animalelor destinate sacrificrii pentru consum cuprinde greutatea n viu a animalelor sacrificate n exploataiile agricole, a celor vndute pentru sacrificare la abatoare, direct pe pia, export direct i a celor sacrificate n abatoare, dar restituite exploataiilor agricole. Efectivele de bovine cuprind totalitatea taurinelor i bubalinelor masculi i femele, pe diferite grupe de vrst i destinaie economic. Efectivele de porcine cuprind totalitatea porcinelor din exploataia agricol (inclusiv porcinele aflate n materniti, cresctorii i ngrtorii), indiferent de sex, categorii de greutate i destinaie economic. Efectivele de ovine cuprind toate animalele din specia ovine, indiferent de sex, vrst, destinaie economic i locul unde se afl. Efectivele de caprine cuprind toate caprinele indiferent de sex, vrst, destinaie economic i locul unde se afl. Efectivele de cabaline cuprind cabalinele de munc, armsarii reproductori, tineret pn la 3 ani, alte cabaline. Nu sunt inclui caii de curse i caii de clrie, folosii pentru divertisment. Efectivele de psri cuprind toate categoriile de psri existente n exploataia agricol (gini, curci, rae, gte, alte psri: strui, prepelie, bibilici etc.). Familii de albine reprezint numrul de familii de albine, destinate produciei de miere. Producia de lapte reprezint cantitatea de lapte de vac, bivoli (inclusiv consumul vieilor), oaie i capr. Parcul de tractoare i maini agricole (fizice) principale din agricultur (la sfritul anului) este aferent unitilor care au agricultura ca activitate principal (inclusiv exploataiile agricole individuale). ngrmintele chimice sunt produse industriale care dup coninutul lor pot fi: azotoase, fosfatice, potasice, sau n amestec ca ngrminte complexe; ele se exprim n substan activ. ngrmintele naturale cuprind gunoiul de grajd de la toate speciile de animale i de la psri (n stare prospt sau fermentat) precum i dejeciile n stare lichid; acestea se exprim n greutate brut.

Fruit production represents the quantity of fruit, by species, obtained from orchard trees and isolated trees, fruit and berry species and strawberries. Live weight of animals intended to be slaughtered for consumption includes live weight of animals slaughtered in agricultural holdings, of those sold to be slaughtered within slaughtering houses, directly on the market, direct export and of those slaughtered within slaughtering houses, but given back to agricultural holdings. Cattle population comprises all male and female bulls and buffalos by various age group and economic destination. Pigs population comprises all pigs in agricultural holding (including pigs in maternity, breeding and fattening farms) not matter of sex, weight category and economic destination. Sheep population comprises all animals of sheep species, no matter of sex, age, economic destination and place. Goats population comprises all goats no matter of sex, age, economic destination and place. Horses population comprises labour horses, stud horses, young horses until 3 years old, other horses. Race horses and saddle horses used for amusement are not included. Poultry population comprises all categories of poultry existent in agricultural holding (hens, turkey hens, ducks, geese, other poultry: ostrich, quails, guinea fowl etc). Bee families represent number of bee families for honey production. Milk production represents the quantity of cow, buffalo cow (including the calves consumption), sheep and goat milk. Park of tractors and of main (physical) agricultural machinery in agriculture (end of year) is related to the units having agriculture as their main activity (including individual agricultural holdings). Chemical fertilizers are industrial products which by content can be nitrous, phosphatic, potassic or combined, as complex fertilizers; they are expressed in active substance. Natural fertilizers include muck from all species of animals and poultry (fresh or fermented) as well as liquid dejections; they are expressed in gross weight.

SILVICULTUR Fondul forestier reprezint suprafaa total a pdurilor, a terenurilor destinate mpduririi, a celor care servesc nevoilor de cultur, producie i administrare silvic, a iazurilor, a albiilor praielor (altele dect cele cuprinse n cadastrul apelor), precum i alte terenuri cu destinaie forestier i neproductive incluse n amenajamentele silvice, indiferent de natura dreptului de proprietate. Suprafaa pdurilor reprezint totalitatea suprafeelor de teren acoperite cu vegetaie forestier, constnd din arbori i arbuti, reprodui natural sau artificial, care i creeaz un mediu specific de dezvoltare biologic i care constituie componenta direct productiv a fondului forestier, avnd o suprafa individual de cel puin 0,25 hectare. Pdurile sunt clasificate dup marile grupe de specii, n pduri de rinoase, fag, stejar i diverse specii. mpduririle reprezint ansamblul de lucrri prin care se planteaz sau se nsmneaz o suprafa de teren cu scopul de a se crea noi arborete, att pe terenuri forestiere exploatate, ct i pe terenuri lipsite de vegetaie forestier. Suprafaa parcurs cu tieri reprezint suprafaa pdurilor pe care s-au desfurat aciuni de recoltare a arborilor n vederea valorificrii lor i pentru asigurarea condiiilor favorabile de dezvoltare a arboretelor. Tieri succesive - tierile de regenerare prin care pdurea se parcurge cu extrageri repetate de arbori relativ uniform repartizate spaial, ealonate n timp corespunztor instalrii i dezvoltrii regenerrii naturale, pn la recoltarea integral a arboretului btrn i trecerea la o nou generaie a pdurii. Tieri progresive - tierile de regenerare prin care pdurea se parcurge cu extrageri repetate de arbori amplasate n anumite poriuni (ochiuri), care se lrgesc treptat pe msura instalrii i dezvoltrii regenerrii naturale, pn la recoltarea integral a arboretului btrn i trecerea la o nou generaie a pdurii. Tieri grdinrite - tierile cu caracter continuu, prin care se urmrete recoltarea selectiv a unor arbori sau grupe mici de arbori, n vederea realizrii i meninerii unei structuri diversificate a pdurii. Tieri rase - extragerea integral a arboretului btrn printr-o singur tiere, regenerarea pdurii realizndu-se prin mpduriri. Operaiunile de igien i curire a pdurilor cuprind lucrrile ce se aplic periodic arboretului din momentul constituirii strii de masiv prin extragerea produselor de igien care rezult din procesul normal de eliminare natural (arbori dobori, rupi, uscai, atacai de insecte). Tierile de ngrijire n pdurile tinere cuprind operaiile executate n culturile rezultate din mpduriri pn la realizarea strii de masiv, ce au drept scop asigurarea reuitei culturilor i dezvoltarea puieilor n bune condiii.

FORESTRY Forest fund represents the total area of forests, lands meant for afforestration, those serving the needs of crops, production and forest administration of ponds, brooks (others than those from water cadastre) as well as other areas intended for forestry and non-productive lands included in forest arrangements, no matter of ownership right. Forest area represents all land areas covered with forest vegetation, namely trees and shrubs, naturally or artificially reproduced, which create a specific environment of biological development and which constitute direct productive component of forest fund, having an individual area over 0.25 hectares. Forests are classified by broad species groups in forests of resinous, beech, oak and various species. Afforestations represent all works by which an area is planted or sown in order to create new trees, both on exploited forest lands and on lands without forest vegetation. Cutting area represents forest area on which tree harvesting actions were developed for their turning into account and in view to ensure favourable conditions for young tree development. Successive cuttings regeneration cuttings by which forest is crossed by repeated extractions of trees relatively uniformly distributed in space, staggered according to natural regeneration installation and development, until integral harvesting of old tree and passing to a new generation of forest. Progressive cuttings regeneration cuttings by which forest is crossed by repeated extractions of trees placed in certain portions (eyes) which get larger step by step at the same time with natural regeneration installation and development until integral harvesting of old tree and passing to a new generation of forest. Garden cuttings continuous cuttings which pursue the selective harvesting of trees or small groups of trees in order to achieve and keep a diversified structure of forest. Flat cuttings - integral extraction of old tree by a single cutting, forest regeneration being done by afforestration. Forest hygienic and cleaning operations include works periodically applied to the stand since reaching the massive status, taking out hygienic products resulted from normal process of natural elimination (cut down, split, punk, attacked by insects trees). Fostering cuttings in young forests include operations in the crops resulted from afforestations up to the bulk situation in order to assure the crop success and the development of seedlings in good conditions.

Tierile de produse accidentale reprezint recoltarea produselor brute lemnoase, rezultate ntmpltor datorit calamitilor naturale sau a unor defriri. Volumul de lemn recoltat reprezint volumul de lemn (volum brut) recoltat pn la sfritul anului, destinat agenilor economici i pentru aprovizionarea populaiei. Volumul de lemn exploatat de ctre operatorii economici cu activitate de exploatare forestier reprezint volumul rezultat n procesul de exploatare a lemnului i evideniat n documentele primare ale operatorului economic, inclusiv volumul cojii i al altor sortimente secundare. Volumul de lemn rotund reprezint volumul de lemn de lucru i lemn pentru foc. Buteni pentru prelucrare n cherestea reprezint volumul de buteni destinai prelucrrii n cherestea i n alte sortimente obinute prin debitare. Buteni pentru furnire reprezint volumul de buteni destinai prelucrrii n furnire estetice sau furnire tehnice prin tiere plan sau prin derulare. Buteni pentru rezonan reprezint volumul de buteni destinai prelucrrii n cherestea n vederea producerii de instrumente muzicale; lemnul se caracterizeaz printr-o structur fin care-i confer calitatea de rezonator. Lemn pentru celuloz reprezint volumul de lemn destinat prelucrrii n celuloz. Lemn pentru plci reprezint volumul de lemn destinat prelucrrii n plci din achii de lemn (PAL) i plci din fibre de lemn (PFL). Lemn pentru min reprezint volumul de lemn utilizat pentru susinerea lucrrilor miniere n subteran. Lemn pentru construcii rurale reprezint volumul de lemn utilizat pentru construcii n special n zonele rurale. Lemn pentru distilare reprezint volumul de lemn destinat prelucrrii prin distilare uscat n retorte. Lemn pentru tanani reprezint volumul de lemn destinat prelucrrii de extracte tanante vegetale. Lemn pentru mangalizare reprezint volumul de lemn destinat pentru producerea crbunelui de lemn, prin carbonizare n boce. Lemn pentru alte utilizri reprezint volumul de lemn utilizat pentru araci, spalieri etc. Lemn pentru foc reprezint volumul de lemn destinat arderii pentru nclzire, pregtirea hranei, uscarea sau deshidratarea unor produse etc. Volumul cojii reprezint volumul stabilit prin aplicarea procentului cojii la volumul de lemn exploatat. Alte sortimente secundare reprezint volumul de crci, resturi de exploatare i consumuri tehnologice.

Accidental cuttings represent the harvest of raw wooden products, resulted accidentally because of natural calamities or of clearings. Harvested wood volume represents wood volume (gross volume) harvested until the end of the year, meant for economic units and population supply. Volume of wood exploited by economic operators having forestry activity represents the volume resulted in the process of wood exploitation and recorded in primary accounting of economic operator, including bark volume and other secondary assortments. Volume of round timber represents the volume of industrial round wood and fuel wood. Logs for sawn timber represents the volume of logs to be processed, in sawn timber and other items obtained by cutting. Logs for veneer represents the volume of logs to be processed in decorative or technical veneers obtained by plane cutting or winding off. Logs for resonance represents the volume of logs to be processed in view to produce musical instruments; the wood is characterised by a specific fine structure for resonance purpose. Pulpwood represents the volume of wood to be processed in pulp. Wood for boards represents the volume of wood to be processed in particleboards and fibreboards. Fender represents the volume of wood used for the reinforcement of underground mining works. Wood for rural buildings represents the volume of wood used for buildings, especially in rural areas. Wood for distillation represents the volume of wood to be processed by dry distillation in distilling vessel. Tanning wood represents the volume of wood to be processed for the extraction of vegetable tannings. Charcoal wood represents the volume of wood intended for charcoal production by pit carbonization in kilns. Wood for other uses represents the volume of wood used for stakes, espaliers a.s.o. Fuel wood represents the volume of wood to be burnt for heating, food preparation, drying or dehydration of various products a.s.o. Volume of bark represents the volume of bark obtained by the bark coefficient applied to the volume of wood exploited. Other secondary assortments represents the volume of branches, wood residues and tehnological consumption.

14.G1

Suprafaa agricol, dup modul de folosin, n anul 2009 (la sfritul anului) Agricultural area, by use, in 2009 (end of year)

2,9% 10,4% Arabil Arable land Puni Pastures Fnee Hayfields Vii i livezi Vineyards and orchards 64,1%

22,6%

14.G2
150 120

Indicii produciei ramurii agricole Agricultural branch production indices

%

2005=100

141,8 128,9 107,0 102,4 102,2 101,8 84,3 102,7 102,1 93,0 72,9

135,6

102,4

90

99,9 99,8 91,9

60

2006 Total

2007

2008

2009

Producia animal / Animal production Servicii agricole / Agricultural services

Producia vegetal / Crop production

14.G3

Structura volumului de lemn recoltat, n anul 2009 Structure of harvested wood volume, in 2009
6,9% 11,2% 8,5% 40,2% Rinoase Coniferous Fag Beech Stejar Oak Diverse specii tari Various strong species 33,2% Diverse specii moi Various soft species

14.G4
25000 20000

Evoluia produciei principalelor cereale Evolution of main cereals production

mii tone / thou tonnes

24403,0 19345,5 15759,3 16826,4 14873,0

15000

14541,6 10388,5

10000

7867,4

7389,7

8984,7 5561,9

7814,8

7849,1 7212,4 1209,4 2008

7973,3 5235,5 1182,1 2009

5000 1406,0 0 2004 1079,1 2005

3853,9 3065,1 531,4 2007

772,9 2006

Cereale pentru boabe - total Cereals for grains - total Gru i secar Wheat and rye

Orz i orzoaic Barley and two-row barley Porumb boabe Maize grains

14.G5
10000 8000 6000

Efectivele de animale1) Livestock1)

mii capete / thou heads

6495 7425

6622 7611

6815 7678

6565

8469

6174

8882

2862

2934

2808

2819

661 840

687 834

2004

2005

2006

727 805

2007 Ovine / Sheep Caprine / Goats

2008

2009 Cabaline / Horses

Bovine / Cattle Porcine / Pigs

1)

La 1 decembrie. / On December, 1.

917 764

865 862

898 820

2000

2512

4000

2684

5793

9141

14

AGRICULTUR I SILVICULTUR

AGRICULTUR 14.1 Fondul funciar, dup modul de folosin (la sfritul anului) 14.2 Suprafaa agricol, dup modul de folosin (la sfritul anului) 14.3 Exploataiile agricole care au utilizat suprafee agricole i / sau au deinut efective de animale, dup statutul juridic al exploataiilor agricole 14.4 Exploataiile agricole, suprafaa agricol utilizat i suprafaa agricol utilizat ce a revenit n medie pe o exploataie agricol, dup statutul juridic al exploataiilor agricole 14.5 Exploataiile agricole, pe categorii de folosin i pe clase de mrime a suprafeei agricole utilizate 14.6 Exploataiile agricole cu principalele culturi n teren arabil, pe clase de mrime a suprafeei agricole utilizate 14.7 Exploataiile agricole cu efective de animale i efectivele de animale pe specii, pe clase de mrime a suprafeei agricole utilizate 14.8 Producia ramurii agricole 14.9 Producia principalelor produse agricole, pe locuitor 14.10 Suprafaa cultivat, cu principalele culturi 14.11 Producia agricol vegetal, la principalele culturi 14.12 Producia medie la hectar, la principalele culturi 14.13 Suprafaa viilor pe rod i producia de struguri 14.14 Producia de fructe 14.15 Efectivele de animale (la sfritul anului) 14.16 Animale ce revin la 100 hectare teren (la sfritul anului) 14.17 Producia agricol animal 14.18 Parcul de tractoare i maini agricole principale din agricultur (la sfritul anului) 14.19 ngrminte chimice i naturale folosite n agricultur SILVICULTUR 14.20 14.21 14.22 14.23 14.24 Fondul forestier (la sfritul anului) mpduriri Suprafaa parcurs cu tieri Volumul de lemn recoltat Volumul de lemn exploatat de ctre operatorii economici cu activitate de exploatare forestier Teritorial 14.25 Fondul funciar, dup modul de folosin, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2009 14.26 Suprafaa cultivat, cu principalele culturi, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 14.27 Producia ramurii agricole, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 14.28 Producia agricol vegetal, la principalele culturi, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 14.29 Producia medie la hectar, la principalele culturi, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 14.30 Suprafaa viilor pe rod, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 14.31 Producia de struguri, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 14.32 Producia medie de struguri la hectar, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 14.33 Producia de fructe, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 14.34 Efectivele de animale, n profil teritorial, la 1 decembrie 2009 14.35 Producia agricol animal, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 14.36 Parcul de tractoare i maini agricole principale din agricultur, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 (la sfritul anului) 14.37 Volumul de lemn recoltat, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009

ACTIVITATEA NTREPRINDERII

ENTERPRISE ACTIVITY

15

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Ancheta structural n ntreprinderi i alte cercetri realizate de Institutul Naional de Statistic privind activitatea ntreprinderilor din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii; Registrul statistic al ntreprinderilor, gestionat de Institutul Naional de Statistic. Surse administrative: Ministerul Finanelor Publice, pentru datele din Registrul Fiscal, pentru datele din bilanurile contabile ale firmelor, pentru datele privind impozitarea veniturilor persoanelor fizice i asociaiilor familiale, precum i pentru datele privind statele de funciuni ale unitilor bugetare; Oficiul Naional al Registrului Comerului, pentru datele privind structura capitalului social; Autoritatea pentru Privatizare i Administrarea Participaiilor Statului, pentru datele privind ntreprinderile privatizate; Banca Naional a Romniei, pentru datele privind situaia societilor cu activitate bancar; Alte ministere i organizaii neguvernamentale, pentru structura privind mrimea i activitile ntreprinderilor din subordine.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Structural business survey and other surveys carried out by the National Institute of Statistics on the activity of industry, construction, trade and other services enterprises; Statistical business register managed by the National Institute of Statistics. Administrative sources: Ministry of Public Finances, for data from Fiscal Register, for data on firms balance sheets, data on income taxation for natural persons and family associations, as well as for data on the functions roll of budgetary units; National Office of Trade Register, for data on social capital structure; Authority for State Assets Privatisation and Management, for the data on privatised enterprises; National Bank of Romania, for the data situation of banking companies; Other ministries and NGOs, for the structure data on size and activity of subordinated enterprises.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Operator economic reprezint organizaia (pluridisciplinar sau unipersonal) ce poate fi o persoan fizic/juridic creat pentru a desfura activiti definite n baza Legii nr. 15 / 1990, a Legii nr. 31 / 1990 cu modificrile ulterioare i a Ordonanei de Urgen a Guvernului nr. 44 / 2008. Operator social reprezint organizaia (pluripersonal sau unipersonal) cu personalitate juridic, creat pentru a desfura o activitate dedicat interesului social. Unitate legal reprezint orice operator economic sau social care dispune de un patrimoniu propriu, poate s ncheie n nume propriu contracte cu teri i s-i apere interesele n justiie - are personalitate juridic. Unitile legale sunt fie persoane fizice autorizate, ntreprinderi individuale, ntreprinderi familiale (n calitatea lor de ntreprinztori), fie persoane juridice. Registrul Statistic (REGIS) reprezint un instrument statistic de eviden a datelor de identificare i a unor indicatori economici principali pentru toate unitile legale, care desfoar o activitate economic sau social. Registrul este actualizat pe baza urmtoarelor surse: Registrul Fiscal; Registrul Comerului; Bilanul contabil al operatorilor economici; Bilanul contabil al organizaiilor neguvernamentale; Date i informaii furnizate de Autoritatea pentru Privatizare i Administrarea Participaiilor Statului i de Banca Naional a Romniei; Cercetri statistice organizate de Institutul Naional de Statistic.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
Economic operator represents the (pluridisciplinary or unipersonal) organisation which can be a legal / natural person created to develop activities defined according to the Law no. 15 / 1990, Law no. 31 / 1990, with subsequent amendments and Government Priority Ordinance no. 44 / 2008. Social operator represents an organisation (consisting of one or several persons) with legal personality, created in order to carry out an activity devoted to social interest. Legal unit represents any economic or social operator having own patrimony; it can conclude contracts with third parties in own name and defend his interests in justice - it has legal status. Legal units are either authorized natural persons, individual enterprises, family enterprises (quality of entrepreneurs), or legal persons. Statistical register (REGIS) represents a statistical instrument for records of identification data and for some main economic indicators for all legal units carrying out an economic or social activity. The register is updated based on the following sources: Fiscal Register; Trade Register; Balance sheets of economic operators; Balance sheets of non-governmental organisations; Information supplied by Authority for State Assets Privatisation and Management and by the National Bank of Romania; Statistical surveys organised by the National Institute of Statistics.

ntreprinderea este o grupare de uniti legale care se constituie ca o entitate organizaional de producie de bunuri, servicii comerciale, sau servicii de interes social, ce beneficiaz de o autonomie de decizie, mai ales pentru asigurarea resurselor sale curente. O ntreprindere exercit una sau mai multe activiti, n unul sau mai multe locuri (sedii - uniti locale ale ntreprinderii). n mod convenional sunt asimilate ntreprinderilor, persoanele fizice autorizate, ntreprinderile individuale i ntreprinderile familiale care desfoar activiti economice pe baz de liber iniiativ potrivit legii, instituiile publice i organizaiile neguvernamentale. 1) Unitatea local este o ntreprindere sau o parte a acesteia (atelier, fabric, depozit, birou, min sau staie etc.) situat la o adres identificabil. n acest loc se desfoar o activitate economic, pentru care - n afara unor cazuri excepionale - lucreaz una sau mai multe persoane (cu norm ntreag sau parial) pentru aceeai ntreprindere. ntreprinderea activ este entitatea care, din punct de vedere economic, este activ n perioada de observare, respectiv realizeaz bunuri sau servicii, nregistreaz cheltuieli i ntocmete bilan contabil. ntreprinderea dormant este entitatea care exist juridic, dar este inactiv, din punct de vedere economic, n perioada de observare. n funcie de principalele caracteristici ale comportamentului lor economic, ntreprinderile - n sensul larg al cuvntului - se clasific n urmtoarele categorii: ntreprinderi cu activitate economic nefinanciar: ntreprinderi agricole; ntreprinderi din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii; ntreprinderi financiare, bancare i de asigurri; Instituii din administraia public central i local i instituii din sfera securitii sociale; Organizaii neguvernamentale - fr scop patrimonial; ntreprinztori privai - persoane fizice autorizate, ntreprinderi individuale, ntreprinderi familiale, persoane ce desfoar activiti liberale. ntreprinderile - n sensul larg al cuvntului - dup formele juridice de organizare, sunt urmtoarele: Regii autonome i institute naionale nfiinate prin Hotrri guvernamentale sau ale administraiei locale; Societi comerciale nfiinate n baza Legii nr. 31 / 1990, cu modificrile i completrile ulterioare, de tipul: - societi n nume colectiv; - societi n comandit simpl; - societi n comandit pe aciuni; - societi pe aciuni, inclusiv societi i companii naionale; - societi cu rspundere limitat.
1)

1)

Enterprise is a group of legal units constituted as an organizational entity of goods production, trade services or social interest services, which benefits of a decisional autonomy, especially in view to ensure its current resources. An enterprise is carrying out one or several activities, on one or several places (headquarters - local units of enterprises). The natural persons and the family associations carrying out economic activities based on free initiative according to the law, the public institutions and the NGOs are conventionally assimilated to enterprises. 1) The local unit is an enterprise or part thereof (workshop, factory, warehouse, office, mine or station a.s.o.) situated in a geographically identifiable place. At this place an economic activity is carried out for which - save for certain exceptions - one or more persons work (even if only part - time) for one and the same enterprise. Active enterprise is the entity which, from economic standpoint, is active during the survey period, that is, it produces goods or services, records expenditure and draws up balance sheets. Dormant enterprise is the entity existing from juridical standpoint, but inactive, from the economic standpoint, during the survey period. According to the main characteristics of their economic behaviour, enterprises - in the broad meaning of the word - are classified in the following categories: Enterprises with non-financial economic activity: agricultural holdings; enterprises from industry, construction, trade and other services; Financial, banking and insurance companies; Institutions of central and local government and institutions from social security field; Non-governmental organisations - non-patrimony purpose; Private entrepreneurs - authorized natural persons, individual enterprises, family enterprises, persons developing liberal activities. Enterprises - in the broad meaning of the word according to juridical organisational types are the following: Autonomous companies and national institutes, created on the basis of central or local government decisions; Commercial companies created on the basis of Law no. 31/ 1990, with subsequent amendments, such as: - partnerships; - simple limited partnerships; - joint-stock partnerships; - joint-stock companies, including national societies and companies; - limited liability companies.

1)

Definiie n conformitate cu Regulamentul Consiliului (CEE) nr. 696 / 1993, privind unitile de observare statistic. / Definition in compliance with The Council Regulation (EEC) no. 696 / 1993, on the statistical observation units.

 Societi agricole nfiinate sau reorganizate n baza Legii nr. 36 / 1991; Societi cooperatiste reprezint societile cu capital de tip cooperatist nfiinate sau reorganizate n baza Decretului - Lege nr. 66 / 1990, a Legilor nr. 109 / 1996 i 1 / 2005; Alte instituii ale administraiei publice centrale i locale nfiinate prin decrete, legi; Instituii bugetare nfiinate prin hotrri de guvern sau decizii ale organelor administraiei locale; ntreprinztori privai - persoane fizice autorizate, ntreprinderi individuale sau ntreprinderi familiale, nfiinate n baza Ordonanei de Urgen a Guvernului nr. 44 / 2008, profesiile liberale aa cum sunt definite de legile speciale. Organizaii neguvernamentale - asociaii i fundaii, sindicate, partide politice, organizaii ale cultelor religioase nfiinate n baza Ordonanei Guvernului nr. 26 / 2000 i Legii nr. 54 / 2003, Legii nr.14 / 2003, Legii nr. 489 / 2006. Dup forma juridic de organizare, ntreprinderile au caracter comercial sau necomercial. n categoria formelor juridice necomerciale sunt incluse instituiile bugetare, administraia public central i local, precum i organizaiile neguvernamentale. n sfera economic se includ formele juridice cu caracter comercial: regii autonome i institute naionale, societi comerciale, societi cooperatiste, societi agricole. n aceast categorie nu se includ societile care desfoar activiti cu caracter social, respectiv activitile didactic-educative i de asisten sanitar. Aceste activiti nu sunt asimilate cu un act de comer i nu pot conferi comercialitate societii care o desfoar. Mrimea ntreprinderii este evaluat dup criteriul numrului mediu de salariai, n perioada de referin, n concordan cu criteriile emise de Eurostat. Se utilizeaz urmtoarele intervale: ntreprinderi micro: 0 - 9 salariai; ntreprinderi mici: 10 - 49 salariai; ntreprinderi mijlocii: 50 - 249 salariai; ntreprinderi mari: 250 salariai i peste. Activitatea principal a ntreprinderii este stabilit n funcie de produsele sau serviciile a cror realizare implic cele mai mari pri ale resurselor umane sau care aduc cele mai mari venituri ntreprinderii i se determin utiliznd Clasificarea Activitilor din Economia Naional (CAEN Rev.2). Cifra de afaceri - suma veniturilor rezultate din vnzri de bunuri, vnzri de mrfuri, executarea de lucrri i prestri de servicii, mai puin rabaturile, remizele i alte reduceri acordate clienilor. Datele privind cifra de afaceri nu includ TVA.

Agricultural holdings created or restructured on the basis of Law no. 36 / 1991; Cooperative companies - represent cooperative type capital companies created or reorganized based on the Decree - Law no. 66 / 1990, Law no. 109 / 1996 and Law no. 1 / 2005. Other institutions of government central and local administration created on the basis of Decree, Laws; Budgetary institutions created on the basis of central or local government decisions; Private entrepreneurs - authorized natural persons, individual enterprises or family enterprises, created according to the Government Ordinance no. 44 / 2008, liberal professions as they are defined by social laws. Non-governmental organisations - associations and foundations, unions, political parties, religious associations created according to the Government Ordinance no.26 / 2000, Law no. 54 / 2003, Law no. 14 / 2003, Law no. 489 / 2006. By legal organisation type, there are commercial or non-commercial enterprises. The category of noncommercial types includes budgetary institutions, central and local government, as well as non-governmental organisations. The economic field includes commercial legal types: autonomous bodies and national institutes, commercial companies, cooperative and agricultural holdings. This category does not include companies developing social activities, respectively teaching educational activities and sanitary assistance. These activities are not assimilated with the trade activity and can not provide commercial nature to the respective company. The size of an enterprise is assessed according to the average number of employees, during the reference period. In accordance with Eurostat criteria the following intervals are used: micro-enterprises: 0 - 9 employees; small enterprises: 10 - 49 employees; medium enterprises: 50 - 249 employees; large enterprises: 250 employees and over. The main activity of an enterprise is established depending on the goods or services whose production involves the largest share of human resources or which entails the highest revenues of the enterprise and is determined based on the Classification of Activities of National Economy (CANE Rev. 2). Turnover - the amount of income resulted from sales of goods and commodities, execution of works and rendering services, excluding rebate, commissions and other discounts for the customers. Data on turnover do not include VAT.

Investiii brute n bunuri corporale - valoarea investiiilor efectuate n cursul perioadei de referin n toate bunurile corporale, incluznd pe lng mijloacele fixe puse n funciune i valoarea cumprrilor de terenuri i mijloace fixe (la mna a doua sau cumprate de la alte uniti) corectat cu diferena () soldurilor de imobilizri corporale n curs (investiii neterminate), cu diminurile prin: investiii care nu creeaz mijloace fixe, investiii definitiv sistate, investiii n curs vndute i investiii n curs de execuie cedate la teri. Investiii nete: caracteristicile investiiilor nete sunt prezentate n capitolul nr. 12 - Investiii i imobilizri corporale (pag. 354). Exporturi directe reprezint cifra de afaceri obinut de ntreprindere n urma vnzrii la export a produselor i/sau serviciilor proprii, fr intermedierea unei ntreprinderi de comer exterior. Valoarea adugat brut la costul factorilor - suma salariilor i altor elemente legate de costul factorilor de munc, a profitului, a subveniilor de exploatare, a amortizrii capitalului fix, din care se scad impozitele legate de producie. Rezultatul brut al exerciiului - diferena dintre suma veniturilor din exploatare, a celor financiare i celor extraordinare i suma cheltuielilor de exploatare, financiare i a cheltuielilor extraordinare. Diferena pozitiv reprezint profitul, iar cea negativ, pierderile. Repartizarea principalilor indicatori economici i financiari pe clase de mrime s-a realizat n funcie de numrul mediu de persoane ocupate. Repartiia macroregional i pe regiuni de dezvoltare a rezultatelor ntreprinderilor s-a determinat n funcie de structura unitilor locale active din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii.

Gross investments in tangible goods - the value of investments carried out during the reference period for all tangible goods also including, besides the fixed assets put in function, the value of lands and fixed assets purchases (second-hand or purchased from other units), adjusted with the difference () between the balancing items of ongoing tangible assets (unfinished investments) and subtracting the investments which do not lead to fixed assets creation, the investment definitively ceased, sold ongoing investments and ongoing investments yielded to third parties. Net investmentes: the characteristics of net investments are presented in chapter no. 12 - Investments and tangible fixed assets (page 354). Direct exports represent turnover obtained by the enterprise following export sales of own products and/or services, without brokerage of a foreign trade enterprise. Gross value added at factors cost - the amount of salaries and other elements related to labour factors cost, profit, exploitation subsidies, fixed capital amortisation, after subtracting production taxes. Gross result of exercise - the difference between the revenues from exploitation, financial and extraordinary income and the amount of exploitation, financial and extraordinary expenditure. Positive difference represents profit, and negative ones, losses. The breakdown of main economic and financial indicators by size class was done depending on the average number of employed persons. The breakdown of enterprises by macroregion and by development region is determined depending on the structure of local units belonging to industry, construction, trade and other services.

15.G1
45,6%

Structura operatorilor economico-sociali activi din economia naional Structure of active economic and social operators of national economy
2004 2009

57,5% 45,5% 32,6%

8,4% 6,4% 2,5% 1,5%

ntreprinderi Enterprises Administraie public Public administration

Administraie privat Private administration ntreprinztori privai Private enterpreneurs

15

ACTIVITATEA NTREPRINDERII

15.1 Operatorii economico-sociali activi din economia naional, pe clase de mrime 15.2 ntreprinderile active, pe activiti ale economiei naionale 15.3 ntreprinderile active, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe clase de mrime 15.4 Operatorii economici noi i activi din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii, pe forme juridice 15.5 Concentrarea ntreprinderilor, pe activiti ale economiei naionale, n anul 2009 15.6 ntreprinderile active, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe forme juridice 15.7 ntreprinderile active, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i forme de proprietate, dup natura capitalului social 15.8 ntreprinderile active mici i mijlocii din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii, pe activiti ale economiei naionale 15.9 Ponderea personalului din ntreprinderile active mici i mijlocii n personalul total al ntreprinderilor din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii, pe activiti ale economiei naionale 15.10 Ponderea cifrei de afaceri realizat de ntreprinderile active mici i mijlocii n cifra de afaceri a ntreprinderilor din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii, pe activiti ale economiei naionale 15.11 Principalii indicatori economici i financiari ai ntreprinderilor, pe clase de mrime i forme de proprietate 15.12 Cifra de afaceri pentru ntreprinderile cu activitate principal de industrie i construcii, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe forme de proprietate 15.13 Cifra de afaceri pentru ntreprinderile cu activitate principal de comer, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe forme de proprietate 15.14 Cifra de afaceri pentru ntreprinderile cu activitate principal de servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe forme de proprietate 15.15 Cifra de afaceri pentru ntreprinderile cu activitate principal de servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru ntreprinderi, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe forme de proprietate 15.16 ntreprinztorii privai, pe activiti 15.17 ntreprinderile cu activitate financiar, bancar i de asigurri 15.18 Instituiile administraiei publice, pe tipuri 15.19 Organizaiile administraiei private, pe tipuri Teritorial 15.20 Unitile locale active din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii, n profil teritorial, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe clase de mrime, n anul 2009 15.21 Cifra de afaceri a unitilor locale active din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii, n profil teritorial, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe clase de mrime, n anul 2009 15.22 Investiiile brute i nete ale unitilor locale active din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii, n profil teritorial, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe clase de mrime, n anul 2009 15.23 Personalul unitilor locale active din industrie, construcii, comer i alte servicii, n profil teritorial, pe activiti ale economiei naionale i pe clase de mrime, n anul 2009

INDUSTRIE I CONSTRUCII

INDUSTRY AND CONSTRUCTION

16

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Ancheta structural n ntreprinderi; Cercetri statistice privind produsele i serviciile cu caracter industrial; Cercetri statistice privind producerea i utilizarea energiei electrice, termice, a combustibililor i structura utilajului energetic; Cercetrile statistice privind producia de energie primar i transformat. Surse administrative: Autoritatea Naional a Vmilor (ANV), pentru datele privind importul / exportul de energie primar i transformat.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Structural business survey; Statistical surveys on products and services of industrial nature; Statistical surveys on producing and using electric, thermal energy, fuels and on the structure of energy equipment; Statistical surveys on primary and transformed energy production. Administrative sources: The National Customs Authority (NCA), for the data for import / export of primary and transformed energy.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
INDUSTRIE Industria cuprinde: industria extractiv, industria prelucrtoare, producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat (seciunile: B, C, D i E, conform CAEN Rev.2). Producia industrial reprezint valoarea produselor finite fabricate, livrate sau destinate livrrii, a semifabricatelor livrate din producie proprie, a prelucrrii materiilor prime i a materialelor clienilor, a lucrrilor (serviciilor) cu caracter industrial prestate terilor, produciei imobilizate, precum i a diferenei de stoc de produse finite, semifabricate i producie neterminat. Gruparea s-a realizat dup activitatea omogen, indiferent de activitatea principal a ntreprinderii. ncepnd cu anul 2001, cercetarea statistic privind produsele i serviciile cu caracter industrial se adreseaz operatorilor economici cu activitate principal i / sau secundar de industrie. ntreprinderile cercetate acoper 90% din cifra de afaceri total n cadrul fiecrei activiti industriale (nivel diviziune CAEN Rev.2). n funcie de concentrarea ntreprinderilor, n cadrul fiecrei activiti industriale, au fost incluse n cercetare ntreprinderile cu: a) sub 20 salariai (diviziunile CAEN Rev.2: 8, 10, 13, 14, 16-20, 22-28, 30-33, 35); b) 20 salariai i peste (diviziunile CAEN Rev.2 : 5-7, 9, 11, 12, 15, 21, 29). Nomenclatorul de produse i servicii cu caracter industrial PRODROM, utilizat la culegerea primar a datelor, reprezint versiunea naional a Listei de produse i servicii cu caracter industrial - PRODCOM utilizat la colectarea datelor privind producia industrial de ctre rile membre ale Uniunii Europene. Indicele produciei industriale este un indice de tip Laspeyres, avnd ca an de referin anul 2005.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
INDUSTRY Industry includes: mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (sections: B, C, D and E, according to CANE Rev.2). Industrial production represents the value of manufactured finished products, delivered or which are to be delivered, semifabs delivered from own production, the value of processing of the customers raw materials and materials, works (services) of industrial nature rendered to third parties, immobilized production, as well as the stock balance of finite products, semifabs and unfinished production. Grouping was carried out by homogeneous activity, no matter of main activity of enterprise. Beginning whith 2001, the statistical survey on products and services of industrial nature addreses economic operators having industry as their main and/ or secondary activity. The surveyed enterprises cover 90% of total turnover within each industrial activity (CANE Rev.2 division level). According to enterprises concentration, within each industrial activity, the following enterprises were included in the survey: a) below 20 employees (CANE Rev.2, divisions: 8, 10, 13, 14, 16-20, 22-28, 30-33, 35); b) 20 employees and over (CANE Rev.2, divisions: 5-7, 9, 11, 12, 15, 21, 29). Nomenclature of industrial products and services PRODROM used for primary data collection, represents the national version of List of industrial products and services PRODCOM used for data collection on industrial production by European Union member states. Industrial production index is an index of Laspeyres type, with 2005 as reference year.

Indicii productivitii muncii pe activiti s-au calculat prin raportarea indicilor produciei industriale la indicii numrului mediu de salariai pentru operatorii economici cu activitate industrial. RESURSELE I CONSUMURILE ENERGETICE Indicatorii balanelor energetice sunt elaborai i prezentai n sistemul energiei finale, sistem utilizat de rile Uniunii Europene i de majoritatea rilor lumii. n aceste condiii, datele coninute n aceast seciune permit comparaia direct, fr calcule de echivalen, cu datele privind energia din statistica internaional. Sistemul energiei finale exprim toate fluxurile pe baza potenialului energetic al fiecrei resurse, fiind prezentate cantitile de energie puse efectiv la dispoziia utilizatorilor. Unitatea de msur utilizat este tona echivalent petrol. Aceasta reprezint un combustibil convenional cu puterea calorific de 41868 kJ / kg (10000 kcal / kg). Resursele de energie primar cuprind: producia purttorilor de energie primar (crbune net, iei, gaze naturale utilizabile, lemne de foc, energie hidroelectric, nuclearo-electric i energie din surse neconvenionale); importul de energie primar i transformat; stocurile la 1 ianuarie ale purttorilor de energie primar la unitile productoare, consumatoare, ct i la cele de distribuire. Consumul intern brut de energie reprezint cantitatea de energie rezultat prin nsumarea la producia de energie primar, a produselor recuperate, a importului i a stocului la nceputul perioadei de referin din care se scad exportul, buncrajul i stocul la sfritul perioadei de referin. Energia electric primar - suma produciilor de energie hidroelectric, nuclearo-electric i eolian, precum i a importului de energie electric. Pentru energia hidroelectric i energia electric din import, transformarea n combustibil convenional s-a efectuat pe baza potenialului energetic real al energiei electrice (0,086 kg echivalent petrol / kWh sau 3600 kJ / kWh). Pentru energia nuclearo-electric, energia primar este energia materialului fisionabil corespunztoare produciei realizate (considerndu-se un randament al centralei de 33%, n conformitate cu recomandarea Ageniei Internaionale pentru Energie). Din anul 1999, randamentul luat n calcul este 35,11%. Stocurile cuprind cantitile de purttori de energie primar i transformat existente la unitile productoare, consumatoare i la cele de distribuire. Importul reprezint cantitile de energie intrate pe teritoriul naional, indiferent dac au fost sau nu vmuite.

Labour productivity indices by activity have been calculated as the ratio between industrial production indices and the employees average number indices for the economic operators with industrial activity. ENERGY RESOURCES AND CONSUMPTION Energy balance indicators are compiled and presented in the final energy system, this system being used by European Union countries and most of countries in the world. Under these circumstances, data from this section allow for direct comparison, without equivalence calculations, with data on energy from international statistics. Final energy system expresses all the flows based on energy potential of each resource, being presented the energy quantities effectively put at the users disposal. Measurement unit used is tonne of oil equivalent. It represents a conventional fuel with the calorific power of 41868 kJ / kg (10000 kcal / kg). Primary energy resources include: production of primary energy bearers (net coal, crude oil, usable natural gas, fire wood, hydroelectric, nuclear-electric energy and energy from nonconventional sources); imports of primary and transformed energy; the stocks of primary energy bearers at producer, consumer and distributor units on January,1. Gross domestic consumption of energy represents the energy quantity resulted by adding to primary energy production the recovered products, imports and stock at the beginning of reference period, of which exports, bunkers and stock at the end of reference period are subtracted. Primary electric energy - the sum of hydroelectric, nuclear-electric and wind energy production, as well as imports of electric energy. For hydroelectric energy and imported electric energy, the transformation into conventional fuel was carried out based on real energy potential of electric energy (0.086 kg oil equivalent / kWh or 3600 kJ / kWh). For nuclear-electric energy, primary energy is the energy of fission material corresponding to achieved production (considering a power station efficiency of 33%, according to the recommendation of International Energy Agency). Since 1999, the considered efficiency is 35.11%. Stocks include quantities of primary and transformed energy bearers existing at producer, consumer and distributor units. Imports represent the quantities of energy entering the national territory, irrespective of being or not being duty-paid.

Exportul reprezint cantitile de energie ieite n afara teritoriului naional, indiferent dac au fost sau nu vmuite. Consumul final energetic reprezint suma cantitilor de energie utilizate n diferite sectoare de activitate n scopul realizrii de bunuri materiale i servicii. Nu sunt cuprinse cantitile utilizate n scop neenergetic i cantitile utilizate pentru producerea altor combustibili. De asemenea, nu se cuprind consumurile n sectorul energetic i pierderile n transport i distribuie. Sectorul energetic cuprinde urmtoarele activiti: extracia crbunelui superior i inferior; extracia petrolului brut i gazelor naturale (exclusiv prospeciunile); extracia i prepararea minereurilor radioactive; fabricarea produselor de cocserie i a produselor obinute din prelucrarea ieiului; producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat. n industrie (inclusiv construcii) sunt cuprinse activitile: extractiv, exclusiv extracia produselor energetice; prelucrtoare, exclusiv fabricarea produselor de cocserie i a produselor obinute din prelucrarea ieiului; gospodrirea resurselor de ap, captarea, tratarea i distribuia apei; activitatea de construcii. Consumul populaiei reprezint cantitile de energie primar i transformat, livrate efectiv populaiei i utilizate exclusiv pentru consumul menajer. Pierderile n transport i distribuie reprezint cantitile de energie electric, energie termic, combustibili i carburani, pierdute n activitatea de transport i distribuia ctre consumatori. Gradul de independen energetic se exprim n procente i reprezint raportul dintre producia de energie primar i cantitatea de energie primar disponibil n perioada de referin. Aceast cantitate se calculeaz prin scderea din resursele de energie a exportului i a stocurilor la sfritul perioadei de referin. Puterea instalat a unui grup electrogen reprezint puterea nominal la arborele motorului primar (turbin hidraulic, motor eolian etc.) multiplicat cu randamentul generatorului i al transmisiei mecanice, dac acestea exist. Puterea instalat a unei centrale electrice este suma puterilor instalate ale grupurilor electrogene ale centralei. Consumul specific de combustibil pentru producerea energiei electrice reprezint cantitatea de combustibil consumat pentru producerea unei uniti de energie termoelectric (1000 kWh).

Exports represent the quantities of energy leaving the national territory, irrespective of being or not being duty-paid. Final energy consumption represents all energy quantities used in various sectors of activity in order to produce material goods and services. There are excluded quantities used for non-energy purpose and quantities used to produce other fuels. There are also excluded the consumption in energy sector and losses in transport and distribution.

Energy sector includes the following activities: mining of coal and lignite; crude petroleum and natural gas extraction (excluding prospections); radioactive ores extraction and preparation; manufacture of coke and rafined petroleum products; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply.

Industry (including construction) includes the following activities: mining and quarrying, excluding energetic products extraction; manufacturing, excluding manufacture of coke and rafined petroleum products; water resources administration, water collection, treatment and distribution; construction. Population consumption represents the quantities of primary and transformed energy, actually delivered to the population and exclusively used for household consumption. Losses in transport and distribution represent the quantities of electric, thermal energy, fuels and carburants, lost during transport and distribution to consumers. Energy independence degree is expressed as percentage and represents the ratio between the production of primary energy and the quantity of primary energy available during the reference period. This quantity is calculated by subtracting from energy resources, the exports and stocks at end of reference period. Installed power of a power unit represents the nominal power of primary mover shaft (hydraulic turbine, aeolian engine a.s.o.) multiplied with the generator yield and yield of mechanical transmission, if existing. Installed power of an electric station is the sum of installed powers of power station generating sets. Fuel specific consumption used to produce electric energy represents the quantity of fuel consumed to produce a thermoelectric energy unit (1000 kWh).

CONSTRUCII Lucrrile de construcii reprezint ansamblul de activiti desfurate n scopul producerii de bunuri imobiliare concretizate n cldiri i construcii civile noi, precum i restaurarea, repararea i ntreinerea celor existente, de ctre toate ntreprinderile, indiferent de activitatea principal. Construcii n antrepriz - lucrri executate de ctre operatori economici cu activitate principal de construcii. Dac operatorii economici au alt activitate principal dect cea de construcii, dar au n subordine uniti specializate n construcii, ntreaga valoare a lucrrilor de construcii se consider executat n antrepriz. Construcii n regie - lucrri executate prin forele proprii ale operatorilor economici i sociali care au alt activitate principal dect construciile. Lucrrile de construcii noi - activitiile de construcii ce determin direct crearea de noi spaii de locuit sau alte spaii utilizabile precum i crearea de noi structuri la construciile civile existente; Lucrrile de reparaii capitale - complexul de lucrri care se execut dup expirarea fiecrui ciclu de funcionare prevzut n normativele tehnice i care au ca scop asigurarea meninerii caracteristicilor tehnico-economice ale construciilor pe ntreaga durat de serviciu normat; Lucrrile de ntreinere i reparaii curente ansamblul de operaii care se realizeaz la o construcie existent pentru a se asigura continuitatea folosirii ei, mpiedicarea unei uzuri rapide i prelungirea duratei de funcionare (lucrri curente de zidrie, lucrri de vopsitorie, lucrride nclzire i climatizare, lucrri de instalaii de distribuie a gazului etc.). Cldirea rezidenial reprezint cldirea folosit integral sau n cea mai mare parte (peste 50% din spaiul locuibil sau din volumul construit) pentru locuit. Cldirile nerezideniale sunt destinate n exclusivitate sau n principal altor scopuri dect cele rezindeniale, din aceast categorie fcnd parte cldirile administrative i alte cldiri. Valoarea lucrrilor de construcii este exprimat n preuri de deviz curente. Se refer la ansamblul de lucrri cuprinse n proiectele de execuie realizate integral sau parial, acceptate la plat de beneficiar. Indicii lucrrilor de construcii au fost calculai n preuri comparabile. Pentru deflatarea valorilor curente s-au utilizat indicii de cost n construcii. Indicii productivitii muncii s-au calculat prin raportarea indicilor lucrrilor de construcii la indicii numrului mediu de salariai.

CONSTRUCTION Construction works account for all the activities carried out in view to produce real estate assets, materialised in new buildings and civil engineering, as well as those meant to restoration, repair and maintenance of the existing ones, by all the enterprises, no matter of main activity. Construction under contract - execution works carried out by economic operators having construction as main activity. If the economic operators have another main activity than construction, but have subordinated units specialised in construction, the whole value of construction works should be considered as being carried out under contract. Construction under own management - execution works performed by economic and social operators having another main activity than construction. New construction works - construction works which directly determine the creation of new housing spaces or other useful spaces, as well as the creation of new structures for the existing civil engineering; Capital repair works - all works performed after the end of each functioning cycle provided for in the technical normative and which are aiming at ensuring the maintenance of technical and economic features of buildings during the whole normed service life; Current maintenance and repair works - the whole operations performed on an existing building in view to ensure the continuity in using it, to prevent its quick wear and tear and to the prolongation of its functioning duration (current works of masonry, painting, heating and air conditioning, plumbing for gas distribution a.s.o.). Residential building represents the building entirely or mostly (over 50% of habitation area or of the built up volume) used for habitation purpose. Non-residential buildings are exclusively or mainty intended for other purposes than the resindential one, this category including administrative buildings and other buildings. The value of construction works are expressed into current estimated prices. It refers to the whole works included in the execution projects, entirely or partly performed, accepted for payment by the beneficiary. The indices of construction works were calculated in comparable prices. In order to deflate current values, the indices of construction costs were used. The indices of labour productivity were compiled as ratio between the indices of construction works and the indices of average number of employees.

16.G1

Structura valorii produciei industriale Structure of industrial production value

CAEN Rev.2 (seciuni) CANE Rev.2 (sections) 2008 2,7% 4,2% 17,3% 3,0% 2009 2,8%

14,5%

78,6% Industrie extractiv Mining and quarrying

76,9% Producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply Distribuia apei; salubritate, gestionarea deeurilor, activiti de decontaminare Water supply; severage, wast management and decontamination activities

Industrie prelucrtoare Manufacturing

16.G2
140

Indicii produciei industriale Industrial production indices

CAEN Rev.2 (seciuni) CANE Rev.2 (sections) 2005 = 100 130,1 121,6 123,8 100,7 96,6 116,9 103,4 88,7

126,1 120 112,5 109,3 102,4 92,3 80 120,6 100,8 96,3

100

~
2006 Total Industrie extractiv Mining and quarrying 2007 2008 Industrie prelucrtoare Manufacturing Producia i furnizarea de energie electric i termic, gaze, ap cald i aer condiionat Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning production and supply 2009

16.G3

Resursele de energie primar, n anul 2009 Primary energy resources, in 2009

42729 mii tone echivalent petrol thou tonnes of oil equivalent Crbune + cocs Coal + coke

iei Crude oil 16,1%

17,4%

2,4% Alte resurse Other resources

11,4%

9,9%

3,7% 3,8% 9,9% 25,3% Gaze naturale Natural gas 0,1%

Produse petroliere Petroleum products

Energie hidroelectric, eolian i nuclearo-electric Hydroelectric, aeolian and nuclear-electric energy

Energie electric din import Imported electric energy Producie + stoc la 1 ianuarie Production + stock on January 1 Import Imports

16.G4
1,1%

Energia electric, n anul 2009 Electric energy, in 2009

TOTAL DESTINAII / TOTAL DESTINATIONS = 58667 mil. kWh

TOTAL RESURSE / TOTAL RESOURCES = 58667 mil. kWh

12,0% 5,0% 72,7 98,9% 27,3 18,8% 62,9%

1,3% Consumul n economie Consumption in economy Producie Production Termocentrale i centrale nuclearo-electrice Thermal power stations and nuclear-electric power stations Hidrocentrale i centrale eoliene Hydro-power stations and aeolian power stations Iluminatul public Public lighting Consumul populaiei Population consumption Export Export Consumul propriu tehnologic n reele i staii Tehnological own consumption in networks and power stations

Import Import

16.G5
18,0%

Lucrrile de construcii, dup modul de execuie Construction works, by manner of performing

2008 2009

19,7%

82,0%

80,3%

Construcii noi i reparaii capitale New construction and capital repairs

ntreinere i reparaii curente Maintenance and current repairs

16.G6

Structura lucrrilor de construcii n antrepriz, pe categorii de obiecte Structure of construction works on contract, by category of objects
2008 2009 38,1% 14,9% 34,3%

13,4%

23,2%

25,7%

25,3% Cldiri rezideniale Residential buildings Cldiri nerezideniale Non residential buildings Infrastructuri de transport Transport infrastructures

25,1%

Alte construcii i lucrri inginereti Other construction and works engineering

16
16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4

INDUSTRIE I CONSTRUCII

INDUSTRIE Producia industrial, pe activiti ale industriei Structura produciei industriale, pe activiti ale industriei Indicii produciei industriale, pe activiti ale industriei Indicii productivitii muncii, pe un salariat i pe activiti ale industriei RESURSELE I CONSUMURILE ENERGETICE 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10 Resursele de energie primar Producia de energie primar Gradul de independen energetic Consumul de energie Puterea instalat i producia de energie electric Structura produciei de energie termoelectric, dup felul combustibilului consumat 16.11 Consumul specific de combustibil pentru producerea energiei termoelectrice CONSTRUCII 16.12 Lucrrile de construcii, dup modul de execuie i pe forme de proprietate 16.13 Indicii lucrrilor i productivitii muncii n construcii 16.14 Lucrrile de construcii n antrepriz, pe categorii de obiecte

TRANSPORTURI, POT I TELECOMUNICAII TRANSPORT, POST AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

17

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Cercetri statistice privind transportul de mrfuri i pasageri pe diverse moduri de transport privind infrastructura i mijloacele de transport i activitile de pot i telecomunicaii. Surse administrative: Ministerul Administraiei i Internelor, pentru datele privind autovehiculele nscrise n circulaie i accidentele de circulaie rutier; Autoritatea Aeronautic Civil Romn, pentru aeronavele civile cu certificat de navigabilitate, nmatriculate n Registrul de nmatriculare al Aeronavelor; Autoritatea Naval Romn, pentru navele maritime i fluviale nmatriculate. Ministerul Transporturilor i Infrastructurii, prin Autoritatea Rutier Romn, pentru datele coninute n Registrul operatorilor de transport rutier, respectiv Registrul ntreprinderilor.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Statistical surveys on goods and passengers transport by various modes of transport, related to the infrastructure and to the transport means and on post and telecommunications activities. Administrative sources: Ministry of Administration and Interior, for data regarding registered motor vehicles and road traffic accidents; Romanian Civil Aeronautic Authority, for civil aircrafts registered in the Aircrafts Register, which have navigability certificate; Romanian Naval Authority, for registered sea and river ships. Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, through the Romanian Roads Authority, for the data recorded in the Register of road transport operators, respectively in Business Register.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
TRANSPORTURI Datele statistice din cadrul acestui capitol reflect activitatea de transport feroviar, rutier, maritim, pe ci navigabile interioare, aerian i prin conducte. Sunt prezentai indicatori privind transportul de pasageri i mrfuri, infrastructur i mijloace de transport. Mrfurile transportate n perioada de referin se exprim prin greutatea lor, n tone. n statistica modurilor de transport rutier, aerian i maritim, greutatea nregistrat este greutatea brut a mrfurilor. Datele privind transportul feroviar i cel pe ci navigabile interioare consider greutatea brut - brut a mrfurilor, care include att greutatea proprie a mrfurilor i ambalajelor, ct i greutatea (tara) echipamentului de transport, respectiv palei i containere. Statistica transportului feroviar, rutier i pe ci navigabile interioare includ date privind transportul de tranzit. Transportul pe calea ferat cuprinde mrfurile ncrcate n vagoane i expediate pe reeaua de cale ferat, indiferent de destinaie i mrfurile din vagoanele intrate prin staii de frontier, avnd ca destinaii staii de pe reeaua naional de cale ferat sau aflate n tranzit spre staii din strintate. n statistica transportului rutier, sunt incluse mrfurile transportate cu mijloace de transport rutier nmatriculate n ar.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
TRANSPORT The statistical data included in this chapter reflect the rail, road, sea, inland waterways, air and oil pipelines transport activity. Indicators on the transport of passengers and goods, infrastructure and means of transport are presented. The goods transported in the reference period are expressed through their weight, in tonnes. In the statistics on road, air and maritime transport modes, the weight recorded is the gross weight of goods. For rail and inland waterways transport, the gross weight of goods includes both the own weight of goods and packaging, and the weight (tare) of transport equipment, namely pallets and containers. The rail, road and inland waterways transport statistics includes data on the transit transport. Railway transport includes goods loaded in wagons and sent by railway network, irrespective of their destination, and goods loaded in wagons entered through border stations, having as destination a station of the national railway network or in transit to a station abroad. In road transport statistics, the goods transported with transport means registered in the country are recorded.

Transportul rutier public este transportul rutier efectuat pe baz de contract, contra plat, prin ncasarea unui tarif sau a echivalentului n natur ori n servicii, cu vehicule deinute i utilizate n condiiile legii, de ctre operatorii de transport rutier nregistrai n Registrul operatorilor de transport rutier. Transportul rutier n cont propriu se efectueaz fr ncasarea unui tarif sau a echivalentului n natur ori n servicii al acestuia, pe baza certificatului de transport n cont propriu. Datele statistice privind transportul maritim, pe ci navigabile interioare i aerian se refer la mrfurile transportate, indiferent de naionalitatea de nregistrare a mijloacelor de transport. Transportul prin conducte petroliere magistrale cuprinde volumul produselor petroliere pompate prin conducte i ajunse la destinaie. Parcursul mrfurilor, exprimat n tone-km se determin funcie de greutatea mrfurilor transportate i de distanele parcurse de mijloacele de transport utilizate pentru efectuarea transportului, ntre locul de ncrcare i locul de descrcare. Indicatorul este calculat pentru modurile de transport feroviar, rutier, pe ci navigabile interioare i prin conducte. Transportul portuar prezint date care reflect operaiunile din porturile maritime privind mrfurile i pasagerii, respectiv transportul de mrfuri pe ci navigabile interioare. Transportul aeroportuar prezint operaiunile privind pasagerii, mrfurile i pota nregistrate n aeroporturi. Pasagerii transportai sunt pasagerii care efectueaz o cltorie, utiliznd mijloace de transport caracteristice modului de transport considerat. Transportul naional reprezint transportul efectuat ntre dou localiti situate pe teritoriul naional. Transportul internaional reprezint transportul ntre teritorii naionale diferite, o localitate fiind situat pe teritoriul naional. Transportul public local de pasageri reprezint operaiunea de transport de pasageri care se efectueaz cu un vehicul rutier de transport, precum i cu metroul, n interiorul zonei administrativ-teritoriale a unei localiti, fr a depi limitele acesteia. Parcursul pasagerilor, indicator exprimat n pasageri-km, se determin n funcie de numrul pasagerilor transportai i de distana efectiv parcurs de fiecare pasager. Datele privind infrastructura de transport feroviar prezint lungimea liniilor de cale ferat n exploatare, definite ca linii deschise transportului feroviar de mrfuri i pasageri, iar cele privind infrastructura de transport rutier se refer la drumuri.

Public road transport means the road transport carried out on contractual basis, under payment, by cashing a tariff or its counterpart in kind or in services, with vehicles owned and used under legal conditions, by the road transport operators recorded in the Register of road transport operators. Road transport on own account is carried out without cashing a tariff or its counterpart in kind or in services, based on the licence for carrying out transport on own account. The statistical data on maritime, inland waterways and air transport comprise transported goods, irrespective of the nationality where the means of transport are registered. Oil pipelines transport includes the volume of oil products pumped through pipes and which reached the destination. The transport performance, expressed in tonnes-km, is determined by the weight of transported goods and by the distances covered by the means that carry out the transport from the loading place to the unloading place. The indicator is calculated for rail, road, inland waterways and oil pipelines transport modes. Transport at ports reflects the operations involving goods and passengers, which are carried out in sea harbours, respectively the transport of goods on inland waterways. Airport transport presents the operations involving passengers, goods and mail which are registered at airports. Transported passengers are passengers who make a trip using means of transport characteristic of each transport mode. National transport is transport carried out between two localities belonging to the national territory. International transport is transport between countries different, one locality belonging to the national territory. Local public passengers transport includes passengers transport operations carried out using a road transport vehicle as well as the subway, within the administrative-territorial area of a locality, without exceeding its boundaries. Passengers transport performance, indicator expressed in passengers-km, is determined by the number of transported passengers and by the distance actually covered by each passenger. The data on railway transport infrastructure reflect the length of railways in operation, which includes the lines open to the transport of goods and passengers, while those related to road transport infrastructure comprises roads.

510

Drumurile publice sunt cile de comunicaie terestr, cu excepia cilor ferate, special amenajate pentru traficul pietonal i rutier, deschise circulaiei publice. Drumurile naionale asigur legtura capitalei rii cu municipiile-reedine de jude, legturile ntre acestea, precum i cu rile vecine. Drumurile judeene i comunale asigur legturile ntre municipiile-reedin de jude i reedinele de comune, municipii, orae i alte obiective importante, ntre comune i satele din jude, precum i legtura ntre municipii, orae, comune i sate ntre ele. Datele privind echipamentele de transport se refer la mijloacele de transport nmatriculate, caracteristice fiecrui mod de transport. n capitol sunt prezentate date privind accidentele de circulaie rutier. POT I TELECOMUNICAII

Public roads represent the terrestrial communication ways, excepting railways, specially built up for walkers and vehicles traffic, open to public circulation. National roads ensure the connection between the countrys capital and county seat municipalities, the connections among the latter, as well as with neighbouring countries. County and communal roads ensure the connections between county seat municipalities and commune seats, municipalities, towns and other important objectives, between communes and the villages within a county, as well as the connection between municipalities, towns, communes and villages. Data on transport equipment refer to registered transport means, characteristic to each transport mode. Data on road traffic accidents are also presented in this chapter. POST AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Trimiterea potal se refer la expedierea i livrarea unui bun, prin mijloace diferite de cele electronice, la adresa indicat de expeditor, utiliznd serviciile de pot. Sunt incluse trimiterile de coresponden, imprimatele i coletele potale. Trimiterea de coresponden este comunicarea scris, tiprit, imprimat sau nregistrat pe orice suport material care urmeaz s fie transportat i livrat la adresa indicat de expeditor (altfel dect electronic) pe suport sau pe ambalajul acesteia. Imprimatele (cri, cataloage, ziare i periodice) sunt trimiteri potale care nu sunt incluse n categoria trimiterilor de coresponden. Trimiterile potale recomandate sunt acele trimiteri pentru care se ofer o garanie forfetar mpotriva riscurilor de pierdere, furt, distrugere total sau parial, deteriorare i pentru care se elibereaz la cerere o dovad privind depunerea la punctul de acces sau la destinatar. Trimiterile potale cu valoare declarat sunt acele trimiteri care sunt asigurate mpotriva pierderii, furtului, distrugerii totale sau pariale, deteriorrii, pentru o sum egal cu valoarea declarat de expeditor. Coletul potal este o trimitere potal coninnd bunuri cu sau fr valoare comercial; coletele potale nu trebuie s conin alte trimiteri potale. n numrul de conexiuni la serviciile de telefonie sunt cuprinse conexiunile persoanelor fizice i juridice la serviciile de telefonie fix i mobil. Numrul de conexiuni la serviciul de telefonie fix este reprezentat de numrul de linii telefonice fixe conectate pentru care se pltesc abonamente. Numrul de conexiuni la serviciul de telefonie mobil este reprezentat de numrul de cartele SIM pe baz de abonament i cartele SIM prepltite active.

A postal item is an item sent and delivered, through other means than the electronic ones, at the address indicated by the sender, using postal services. Items of correspondence, printed matter and postal packages are included. An item of correspondence is a communication in written form, printed or on any kind of physical medium to be conveyed and delivered at the address indicated by the sender (otherwise than electronically) on the medium support or package. Printed matters (books, catalogues, newspapers and periodicals) means postal items that are not included under items of correspondence. Registered items are items for which a flat-rate guarantee against risks of loss, theft, full or partial destruction, deterioration is provided and, upon request, proof of the handing in at the access point or to the recipient is supplied. Postal items with a declared value are items insured against loss, theft, full or partial destruction or deterioration, for an amount equal to the value declared by the sender. A postal package is a postal item containing goods with or without commercial value and does not include other postal items. The number of connections to telephone services comprises the connections of natural and legal persons to fixed and mobile telephone services. The number of connections to the fixed telephone service is represented by the number of connected fixed telephone lines for which subscriptions are paid. The number of connections to the mobile telephone service is represented by the number of subscription-based SIM cards and active prepaid SIM cards.

17.G1

Principalele tipuri de mrfuri transportate pe cile ferate, n anul 2009 Main types of goods subject to railways transport, in 2009

Structur calculat din date n mii tone Structure calculated from data in thou tonnes 11,0% 4,8% 6,5% 45,0% Crbune i lignit; iei i gaze naturale Coal and lignite; crude petroleum and natural gas Minereuri metalifere i alte produse de minerit i exploatare de carier; turb; uraniu i thoriu Metal ores and other mining and quarrying products; peat; uranium and thorium Cocs, produse rafinate din petrol Coke and refined petroleum products Chimicale, produse chimice i fibre manufacturate; produse din cauciuc i din mase plastice; combustibil nuclear Chemicals, chemical products and man-made fibres; rubber and plastic products; nuclear fuel Metale de baz; produse fabricate din metal, cu excepia mainilor i a echipamentelor Basic metals; fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Alte tipuri de mrfuri Other types of goods 37,7%

27,1% 5,6%

Structur calculat din date n mii tone - km Structure calculated from data in thou tonnes - km 18,9% 22,8%

5,4%

4,2%

11,0%

17.G2
45,5%

Transportul portuar maritim, n anul 2009 Maritime transport at ports, in 2009

54,5% Mrfuri ncrcate Loaded goods Mrfuri descrcate Unloaded goods

17.G3

Transportul portuar pe ci navigabile interioare, n anul 2009 Inland waterways transport at ports, in 2009

34,4%

39,8% Transport naional National transport Transport internaional International transport Tranzit Transit

25,8%

17.G4
30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Numrul de conexiuni (la sfritul anului) Number of conections (end of year)

milioane / million

22,9 17,4 13,4 10,2 4,4 4,4 4,2 4,3 5,0

24,5

25,4

5,3

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Serviciul de telefonie fix Fixed telephony service

Serviciul de telefonie mobil Mobile telephony service

Sursa : Autoritatea Naional pentru Administrare n Comunicaii. Source: National Authority for Management and Regulation in Communication.

17

TRANSPORTURI, POT I TELECOMUNICAII

17.1 Transportul de mrfuri, pe moduri de transport 17.2 Mijloacele de transport feroviar, pe ci navigabile interioare i maritim 17.3 Liniile de cale ferat n exploatare (la sfritul anului) 17.4 Principalele grupe de mrfuri transportate pe cile ferate 17.5 Transportul feroviar, pe tipuri de mrfuri 17.6 Transportul portuar, pe grupe de mrfuri, n anul 2007 17.7 Transportul portuar, pe tipuri de mrfuri 17.8 Transportul rutier de mrfuri, pe destinaii i tipuri de transport 17.9 Transportul rutier de mrfuri, pe tipuri de autovehicule, capaciti de transport i tipuri de transport 17.10 Transportul rutier, pe grupe de mrfuri i tipuri de transport, n anul 2007 17.11 Transportul rutier, pe tipuri de mrfuri i categorii de transport 17.12 Transportul rutier de mrfuri, pe categorii de mrfuri periculoase i tipuri de transport 17.13 Transportul de pasageri, pe moduri de transport 17.14 Autovehicule nmatriculate n circulaie i accidentele de circulaie rutier (la sfritul anului) 17.15 Drumurile publice (la sfritul anului) 17.16 Aeronavele civile nmatriculate (la sfritul anului) 17.17 Transportul aeroportuar 17.18 Unitile de pot i telefonie (la sfritul anului) 17.19 Activitile de pot i telefonie 17.20 Mijloacele de radiocomunicaii (la sfritul anului) Teritorial 17.21 Drumurile publice, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2009 17.22 Liniile de cale ferat n exploatare, n profil teritorial, la 31 decembrie 2009 17.23 Activitile de pot, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009 17.24 Activitile de telefonie, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009

COMER INTERNAIONAL

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

18

SURSA DATELOR
Pentru perioada 2004 - 2006: Autoritatea Naional a Vmilor (ANV), care colecteaz i prelucreaz declaraiile vamale de export i import. Institutul Naional de Statistic, care colecteaz pe formulare statistice i prelucreaz datele de import i export de energie electric i gaze naturale de la societile importatoare/exportatoare. Aceste date sunt transmise la ANV pentru prelucrare i ntregirea datelor obinute din declaraiile vamale.

DATA SOURCE
For 2004 - 2006: The National Customs Authority (NCA) which collects and processes export and import customs declarations. National Institute of Statistics, which collects and processes data for imports and exports of electricity and natural gas from importing/exporting companies based on statistical forms. These data are subsequently submitted to NCA in order to be processed and to complete the data obtained from customs declarations. Starting with 2007: For EXTRA-EU trade: The National Customs Authority (NCA) which collects and processes export and import customs declarations. National Institute of Statistics which collects and processes data for imports and exports of electricity and natural gas from importing/exporting companies based on statistical forms. These data are subsequently submitted to NCA in order to be processed and to complete the data obtained from customs declarations. For INTRA-EU trade: INTRASTAT statistical declarations collected by NIS directly from the trade operators which achieved a value volume of intra-community dispatches of goods higher than lei 900000 or a volume of intra-community arrivals of goods higher than lei 300000. customs declarations collected and processed by National Customs Autority (NCA) for intra community trade regarding goods for internal processing or processing under customs control, goods from/to the parts of EU statistical territory which do not belong to EU fiscal territory. The percentage of collected data was over 95.0% of total volume of trade, both for intra-community arrivals and dispatches of goods. Data estimations were performed for the rest of 5.0 % representing the trade value below the INTRASTAT thresholds and nonresponses.

ncepnd cu anul 2007: Pentru comerul EXTRA-UE: Autoritatea Naional a Vmilor (ANV), care colecteaz i prelucreaz declaraiile vamale de export i import. Institutul Naional de Statistic, care colecteaz pe formulare statistice i prelucreaz datele de import i export de energie electric i gaze naturale de la societile importatoare/ exportatoare. Aceste date sunt transmise la ANV pentru prelucrare i ntregirea datelor obinute din declaraiile vamale. Pentru comerul INTRA-UE: declaraiile statistice INTRASTAT colectate de ctre INS direct de la operatorii economici care au realizat un volum valoric al expedierilor intracomunitare de bunuri mai mare de 900000 lei sau un volum al introducerilor intracomunitare de bunuri mai mare de 300000 lei. declaraiile vamale colectate i prelucrate de ctre ANV, pentru comerul intracomunitar privind bunuri pentru prelucrare intern sau prelucrare sub control vamal; bunuri care se mic din/ctre pri ale teritoriului statistic al UE dar, care nu aparin teritoriului fiscal al UE. Gradul de colectare a datelor INTRASTAT a fost de peste 95,0% att pentru introduceri ct i pentru expedieri intracomunitare de bunuri, din volumul total al introducerilor i respectiv expedierilor intracomunitare de bunuri. Pentru restul de cca 5,0% reprezentnd valoarea comerului sub pragurile INTRASTAT i non-rspunsuri au fost realizate estimri de date.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Bunurile ce fac obiectul schimburilor internaionale sunt clasificate potrivit Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), care st la baza tarifului vamal comunitar. Datele statistice sunt prezentate i pe grupe de bunuri din Clasificarea Standard de Comer Internaional (CSCI, Rev.4), Marile Categorii Economice (MCE) i conform Clasificrii Produselor pe Activiti (CPA), care se stabilesc pe baza unor chei de conversie ntre NC i aceste clasificri. Sfera de cuprindere: Pentru comerul INTRA-UE: se cuprind expedierile de bunuri din Romnia cu destinaia alt stat membru UE i introducerile (intrrile) de bunuri n Romnia avnd ca ar de expediie un alt stat membru UE. Expedierile din Romnia includ: bunuri n liber circulaie care prsesc teritoriul statistic al Romniei cu destinaia alt stat membru UE; bunuri care au fost plasate sub procedura vamal de prelucrare activ (n interiorul rii) sau prelucrare sub control vamal n Romnia i care sunt destinate altor state membre. Introducerile n Romnia includ: bunuri n liber circulaie ntr-un stat membru UE care intr pe teritoriul statistic al Romniei; bunuri care au fost plasate sub procedura vamal de prelucrare activ sau prelucrare sub control vamal n alt stat membru UE i care intr pe teritoriul statistic al Romniei. Pentru comerul EXTRA-UE: se cuprind schimburile de bunuri ntre Romnia i statele nemembre UE, avnd ca obiect: importul direct de bunuri pentru consum, bunurile importate scoase din antrepozitele vamale sau zonele libere pentru a fi puse n consum, exportul de bunuri de origine naional, precum i exportul de bunuri importate, declarate pentru consumul intern. Se cuprind, de asemenea: importurile temporare de bunuri strine pentru prelucrare activ (n interiorul rii); exporturile de produse compensatoare rezultate dup prelucrare activ; exporturile temporare de bunuri pentru prelucrare pasiv (prelucrare n alte ri); importurile de produse compensatoare rezultate dup prelucrarea n afara rii i bunurile importate sau exportate n sistemul de leasing financiar (la valoarea integral a bunurilor). n comerul internaional nu sunt cuprinse: bunurile n tranzit, bunurile temporar admise/scoase n/din ar (cu excepia celor pentru prelucrare), bunurile achiziionate de organizaii internaionale pentru utilizri proprii n Romnia, bunurile pentru i dup reparaii i piesele de schimb aferente.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
Goods which are subject to international exchanges are classified according to the Combined Nomenclature (CN), on which the community customs tariff is also based. Statistical data are also presented by commodity groups of Standard International Trade Classification (SITC, Rev. 4), Broad Economic Categories (BEC) and according to Classification of Products by Activities (CPA), which were set up based on conversion tables between these nomenclatures and the Combined Nomenclature. The scope: For INTRA-EU trade: are included dispatches of goods from Romania to another EU Member State and arrivals in Romania having as country of dispatch another EU Member State. Dispatches from Romania include: goods released for free circulation which leave the statistical territory of Romania with another EU Member State as destination; goods which were placed under customs procedure of inward processing (inside the countrys territory) or processing under customs control procedure in Romania with other Member States as destination. Arrivals in Romania include: goods released for free circulation in a member state of EU which enter the statistical territory of Romania; goods which were placed under customs procedure of outward processing or processing under customs control procedure in another EU Member State which enter the statistical territory of Romania. For EXTRA-EU trade: are included exchange of goods between Romania and non-EU Member States, having as object: direct import of goods for consumption, imported goods released from customs warehouses or free zones for consumption, export of national goods and export of goods imported declared for internal consumption. There are also included: temporary imports of foreign goods for inward processing (inside the countrys territory); exports of compensatory products which result following the inward processing; temporary exports of goods for outward processing (processing outside the countrys territory); imports of compensatory products which result following processing outside the countrys territory and imported or exported goods for financial leasing (at total value of goods). The international trade does not include: goods in transit, goods temporarily admitted/released in/from the country (except those subject to processing), goods purchased by international organizations for own use in Romania, goods for and after repairs and afferent spare parts.

533

Valoarea bunurilor exportate i importate s-a stabilit pe baza preurilor efective FOB la exporturi i a preurilor efective CIF la importuri. Preul FOB (n limba englez Free on Board - Liber la bord) reprezint preul la frontiera rii exportatoare, care include valoarea bunului, toate cheltuielile de transport pn la punctul de mbarcare, precum i toate taxele suportate pentru ca bunul s fie ncrcat la bord. Preul CIF (n limba englez Cost, Insurance, Freight-Cost, Asigurare, Navlu) reprezint preul la frontiera rii importatoare, care cuprinde att elementele componente ale preului FOB, ct i costurile asigurrii i transportului internaional. Datele valorice sunt exprimate n lei, euro i dolari SUA. Conversia n euro, respectiv n dolari, a datelor valorice exprimate n lei (colectate prin declaraiile statistice INTRASTAT i declaraiile vamale), se face utiliznd: cursul de schimb mediu lunar lei/euro, respectiv lei/dolar, comunicat de Banca Naional a Romniei, pentru sistemul INTRASTAT; cursul de schimb lei/euro, respectiv lei/dolar, comunicat de Banca Naional a Romniei pentru penultima zi de miercuri a lunii, pentru sistemul EXTRASTAT. Indicii valorii unitare pentru export i import se calculeaz avnd la baz valorile unitare (medii) exprimate n euro, pentru un nomenclator de bunuri reprezentative din Nomenclatorul Combinat (NC), la nivel de 8 cifre, conform formulei Paasche. Pentru agregarea indicilor de valori unitare calculai la nivel de 8 cifre pe diverse nivele din NC i total exporturi, respectiv total importuri, se utilizeaz ca element de ponderare valoarea bunurilor din perioada curent. Baza de calcul utilizat pentru calculul indicilor de valori unitare este anul precedent, iar indicii de valori unitare cu alte baze se calculeaz prin nlnuire. Datele cantitative sunt exprimate n general n tone, iar pentru unele bunuri n uniti de msur specifice (buci, m3, kwh etc.). Gruparea exporturilor/importurilor pe moduri de transport se realizeaz pe baza identitii i naionalitii mijlocului de transport care trece frontiera de stat cu mrfurile exportate/importate. Repartizarea pe ri a schimburilor internaionale se realizeaz astfel: pentru comerul INTRA-UE pe baza principiului ara de destinaie (la expedieri) i ara de expediie (la introduceri); pentru comerul EXTRA-UE pe baza principiului ara de destinaie (la export) i ara de origine (la import, cu excepia cazului n care ara de origine este un stat membru UE-caz n care se ia n considerare ara de expediie).

The value of exported and imported goods was set up based on actual FOB prices for exports and on actual CIF prices for imports. FOB price (Free on Board) represents the price at exporter country border, including the value of goods, all transport expenditure until the embarking point, as well as all the taxes paid for the goods to be loaded on board. CIF price (Cost, Insurance, Freight) represents the price at importer country border, including both the components of FOB price, as well as the insurance and international transport costs. Value data are expressed in Lei, Euro and USD. The conversion for the data in Lei (collected through Intrastat statistical declarations and customs declarations) in Euro, respectively USD, is made using: average monthly exchange rate Lei/Euro, respectively Lei/USD, published by National Bank of Romania, for INTRASTAT system; exchange rate Lei/Euro, respectively Lei/USD published by National Bank of Romania for the penultimate Wednesday of the month, for EXTRASTAT system. Unit value indices for international trade on data expressed in euro are calculated based on the average unit values, for a representative goods nomenclature from the Combined Nomenclature (CN), at 8 digits level, according to Paasche formula. For the agregation of unit value indices, calculated at 8 digits level, on different levels, from CN and total exports, respectively total imports, it is used as weighting element the goods value from the current period. The used calculation base for the calculation of unit value indices is the previous year, and unit value indices with other bases are calculated by chaining. Quantitative data are generally in tonnes and for some goods in specific measurement units (pieces, m3, kwh a.s.o.). The grouping of exports/imports by modes of transport is made on the basis of both identity and nationality of the means of transport which pass the state frontier with the exported/imported goods. Foreign exchanges of goods are distributed by countries as follows: for INTRA-EU trade, based on the principle country of destination (for dispatches) and country of dispatch (for arrivals); for EXTRA-EU trade, based on the principle country of destination (for export) and country of origin (for import, except the situation when the country of origin is a EU Member State when the country of dispatch is taken into account).

Se consider ara de destinaie ara n care bunurile vor fi consumate, ara de expediie ara din care bunurile au fost expediate i ara de origine ara n care a fost produs bunul sau n care bunul a suferit ultima transformare substanial. Gruparea rilor pe continente i pe zone economice se face conform recomandrilor Oficiului de Statistic al Uniunii Europene (EUROSTAT). Gruprile pe ri au urmtoarea componen:

Country of destination is considered the country where goods will be consumed, country of dispatch the country from where the goods were dispatched and country of origin is the country where the commodity was produced or last substantial transformation was performed. The groups of countries by continents and economic zones are made according to the recommendations of European Union Statistical Office (EUROSTAT). The economic groups by countries have the following components: European Union (EU): Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Hungary. European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein. The Organization of Petroleum Exporter Countries (OPEC): Algeria, Saudi Arabia, United Arabian Emirates, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Venezuela, Angola. OECD-EU: USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zeeland, Turkey, Mexico, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Republic of Korea, Virgin Islands (United States).

Uniunea European (UE): Austria, Belgia, Bulgaria, Republica Ceh, Cipru, Danemarca, Estonia, Finlanda, Frana, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Italia, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburg, Malta, Marea Britanie, Olanda, Polonia, Portugalia, Romnia, Slovacia, Slovenia, Spania, Suedia, Ungaria.

Asociaia European a Liberului Schimb (AELS): Islanda, Norvegia, Elveia, Liechtenstein. Organizaia rilor Exportatoare de Petrol (OPEC): Algeria, Arabia Saudit, Emiratele Arabe Unite, Irak, Iran, Kuweit, Libia, Nigeria, Qatar, Venezuela, Angola. OECD-UE: SUA, Canada, Japonia, Australia, Noua Zeeland, Turcia, Mexic, Islanda, Norvegia, Elveia, Republica Coreea, Insulele Virgine Americane.

Comunitatea Statelor Independente (CSI): Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Belarus, Georgia (Gruzia), Kazahstan, Kirghizstan, Republica Moldova, Federaia Rus, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Ucraina, Uzbekistan. ri din bazinul mediteranean-UE: Albania, Bosnia-Heregovina, Algeria, Egipt, Gibraltar, Croaia, Israel, Iordania, Liban, Libia, Maroc, Macedonia, Teritoriile Palestiniene Ocupate, Siria, Tunisia, Turcia, Ceuta, Kosovo, Melilla, Muntenegru, Serbia.

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia (Gruzia), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Countries from Mediterranean Area-UE: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Alger, Egypt, Gibraltar, Croatia, Israel, Jordan, Libya, Lebanon, Morocco, Macedonia, Occupied Palestinian Territories, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ceuta, Kosovo, Melilla, Montenegro, Serbia.

Diferenele ntre datele pe total i valorile obinute din nsumarea diverselor structuri utilizate sunt datorate rotunjirilor.

The differences between total data and data obtained by cumulating the different structures used are due to rounding up.

18.G1

Exporturile i importurile n comerul internaional al Romniei Exports and imports in international trade of Romania

Comerul internaional / International trade milioane dolari S.U.A. / USD million

56149

68193

83442

110885

133960

94923
42,7%

41,8% 58,2%

40,7% 59,3%

38,8% 61,2%

36,5%

37,1%

63,5%

62,9%

57,3%

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Comerul internaional / International trade milioane euro / euro million

45216

54823

66596

80871

90965

68037

41,9% 58,1%

40,6% 59,4%

38,8% 61,2%

36,5%

37,1%

42,7%

63,5%

62,9%

57,3%

2004

2005

2006 Exporturi FOB FOB Exports

2007

2008 Importuri CIF CIF Imports

2009

18.G2
60000 50000 40000

Exporturile (FOB), importurile (CIF) i soldul operaiunilor de comer internaional (FOB/CIF) Exports (FOB), imports (CIF) and balance of international trade operations (FOB/CIF)

milioane euro / euro million

57240 51322 40746 32568 29549 33725 38953 29084

30000 20000 10000 0 -10000 -20000 -30000

26281 18935

22255

25850

-7346

-10313

-9869 -14896 -21773 -23515 2008 2009

2004

2005

2006 Import CIF

2007

Export FOB

Sold FOB / CIF FOB / CIF Balance

18.G3
40000 30000 20000 10000 0 -10000 -20000

Exporturile (FOB), importurile (CIF) i soldul operaiunilor de comer internaional (FOB/CIF) cu Uniunea European (UE) Exports (FOB), imports (CIF) and trade balance (FOB/CIF) with European Union (EU)

milioane euro / euro million

39838 28472 23765 21600

-6872 -16073

2008 Export FOB

2009 Import CIF Sold FOB / CIF FOB / CIF Balance

18.G4
2,3%

Partenerii comerciali ai Romniei, pe principalele grupe de ri, n anul 2009 Romanias trade partners, by main groups of countries, in 2009
TOTAL IMPORTURI CIF (milioane euro) = 38953 TOTAL CIF IMPORTS (euro million) 16,3% 1,2%

TOTAL EXPORTURI FOB (milioane euro) = 29084 TOTAL FOB EXPORTS (euro million) 11,5%

11,9%

9,4%

74,3% Uniunea European (UE-27) European Union (EU-27) Alte ri din Europa Other European countries A.E.L.S. E.F.T.A. Alte ri Other countries

73,1%

18.G5
5,1% 6,0%

Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF) pe principalele seciuni conform CSCI, Rev. 4, n anul 2009 Exports (FOB) and imports (CIF), by main sections according to SITC, Rev. 4, in 2009
TOTAL IMPORTURI CIF (milioane euro) = 38953 TOTAL CIF IMPORTS (euro million) 11,4% 42,9% 34,0%

TOTAL EXPORTURI FOB (milioane euro) = 29084 TOTAL FOB EXPORTS (euro million) 12,0%

9,4%

9,8%

15,7% 14,0% 18,3% Maini i echipamente pentru transport Machinery and transport equipment Articole manufacturate diverse Miscellaneous manufactured articles Mrfuri manufacturate clasificate mai ales dup materia prim Manufactured goods classified mainly by the raw material 21,4% Combustibili minerali, lubrifiani i materiale derivate Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials Produse chimice i produse derivate, nespecificate n alt seciune Chemicals and related products, n.e.s. Alte bunuri Other goods

18.G6

Principalele ri partenere, n anul 2009 The main partner countries, in 2009

TOTAL IMPORTURI CIF (milioane euro) = 38953 TOTAL CIF IMPORTS (euro million)
Germania Germany

TOTAL EXPORTURI FOB (milioane euro) = 29084 TOTAL FOB EXPORTS (euro million)
Germania Germany Alte ri Other countries

18,7%

Alte ri Other countries

17,3%

48,4%
Italia Italy

51,6%
Italia Italy

15,3%

11,7%

Frana France

Ungaria Hungary

8,3%

8,2%
Ungaria Hungary

6,2% 4,9%
China China, Peoples Rep. of

4,4%

Turcia Turkey

5,0%

Frana France

18.G7

Orientarea geografic a exporturilor i importurilor Romniei, n anul 2009 Geographical distribution of Romanian exports and imports, in 2009
EXPORTURI EXPORTS IMPORTURI IMPORTS

2,1% 2,4% 7,0% 0,1% 12,8% 0,7%

2,7%

0,1%

14,1%

10,6%

74,3% Uniunea European European Union Alte ri din Europa Other European countries Asia Africa America Oceania

73,1%

18

COMER INTERNAIONAL

18.1 Exporturile, importurile i soldul operaiunilor de comer internaional 18.2 Indicii valorii unitare n comerul internaional 18.3 Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF), pe seciuni conform CSCI, Rev.3 Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF), pe seciuni conform CSCI, Rev. 4 18.4 Comerul internaional, pe marile categorii economice (MCE) 18.5 Comerul internaional, conform clasificrii produselor pe activiti (CPA 2002), comerul internaional, conform clasificrii produselor pe activiti (CPA 2008) 18.6 Exporturile (FOB) i importurile (CIF), pe moduri de transport 18.7 Comerul internaional, cu principalele ri partenere (1999 - 2006) Comerul internaional, cu principalele ri partenere (2006 - 2009) 18.8 Comerul internaional, pe seciuni i principalele capitole conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC) (lei) Comerul internaional, pe seciuni i principalele capitole conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC) (euro) 18.9 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene (UE-15), pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anii 1998-2003 18.10 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene (UE-25), pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anii 2004, 2005 i 2006 18.11 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene, pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anul 2007 18.12 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene, pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anul 2008 18.13 Comerul internaional al Romniei cu rile Uniunii Europene, pe seciuni conform Nomenclatorului Combinat (NC), n anul 2009

COMER INTERIOR I SERVICII DE PIA

DOMESTIC TRADE AND MARKET SERVICES

19

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Ancheta structural n ntreprinderi.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Structural business survey.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
COMER INTERIOR Comerul cu amnuntul - activitatea de vnzare a mrfurilor ctre consumatorii finali, n general n cantiti mici i n starea n care ele au fost cumprate, precum i vnzrile cu amnuntul prin magazine proprii ale ntreprinderilor productoare de bunuri. Comerul cu amnuntul se desfoar prin magazine specializate, magazine nespecializate, prin coresponden, standuri n piee, chiocuri i alte forme de comer. n valoarea comerului cu amnuntul nu se includ: vnzrile directe ctre populaie de produse agricole de ctre productorii agricoli (vnzrile pe piaa rneasc); vnzrile de produse care nu sunt utilizate ca bunuri de consum (cereale, semine, petrol brut etc.); vnzrile de alimente i buturi pentru consumul pe loc; valoarea materialelor i pieselor de schimb aduse de populaie sau operatori economici unitilor pentru reparaii i transformri de mbrcminte, nclminte, produse electronice i electrice, de mijloace de transport etc.; valoarea obiectelor supuse reparaiilor sau transformrilor. Comerul cu ridicata - activitile de vnzare a mrfurilor (fr ca acestea s sufere transformri eseniale fa de starea n care ele au fost cumprate) n cantiti mari, ctre comerciani cu amnuntul, utilizatori industriali i comerciali, colectiviti i utilizatori profesionali, ali comerciani cu ridicata sau intermediari de comer cu ridicata i nu ctre consumatori finali. n comerul cu ridicata se includ i activitile de comer prestate de intermediari de comer cu ridicata (activitile comisionarilor, intermediarilor de mrfuri, precum i toate intermedierile care se realizeaz n numele sau n contul terilor) indiferent dac vnzarea se face pe piaa intern sau pentru export. Valoarea vnzrilor cu ridicata reprezint volumul veniturilor rezultate din vnzarea mrfurilor cu ridicata i/sau comisionul ncasat de comisionari din activitatea de intermediere a comerului cu ridicata. n valoarea comerului cu ridicata nu se includ: vnzrile de produse proprii efectuate de unitile productoare direct ctre unitile comerciale sau ali productori; activitatea de burs a mrfurilor; exporturile de produse proprii realizate direct de ctre unitile productoare.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
DOMESTIC TRADE Retail - the activity of selling the goods to the final consumers, generally in small quantities and as they were bought, as well as retail through own shops of the enterprises producing the goods. Retail is developed through specialised shops, nonspecialised shops, by mail, market outlets, kiosks and other types of trade. The value of retail does not include: direct sales of agricultural products made by agricultural producers to the population (sales on the peasant market); sales of products not used as consumption goods (cereals, seeds, crude oil a.s.o.); sales of food and beverages for immediate consumption; value of materials and spare parts brought by the population or by economic operators for repairs and transformations of clothing, footwear, electronic and electric products, transport means a.s.o.; value of objects to be repaired or transformed. Wholesale - the activities of selling the goods (without suffering essential changes as compared to the situation as they were bought) in great quantities, to retail sellers, industrial and commercial users, collectivities and professional users, other wholesale or intermediate sellers and not to final users. Wholesale also includes trade activities provided by intermediaries of wholesale (activities of commissioners, intermediaries of goods, as well as all intermediate activities on own account or on behalf of thirds) no matter if the sale is on domestic market or for exports. The value of wholesale represents the amount of income resulted from goods wholesale and/or the commission cashed by the commissioners from the activity of intermediate wholesale. The value of wholesale does not include: sales of own products carried out by producing units directly to commercial units or other producers; the activity of stock market; exports of own products directly performed by producing units.

Comerul cu amnuntul i comerul cu ridicata cuprind veniturile realizate, att n ntreprinderile care au ca activitate principal comerul, ct i n ntreprinderile cu alte activiti, care obin venituri din activitatea de comer. Datele valorice privind veniturile realizate sunt prezentate n preurile curente ale fiecrui an, inclusiv TVA la comerul cu amnuntul i exclusiv TVA la comerul cu ridicata. Reeaua comercial a ntreprinderilor cu activitate de comer cu amnuntul reprezint numrul total de magazine existent la sfritul anului. Indicii de volum ai comerului cu amnuntul au fost calculai n preuri comparabile. SERVICII DE PIA Serviciile de pia - activiti care fac obiectul vnzrii i cumprrii pe pia, indiferent de momentul plii, tipul de pre practicat (pre de vnzare, tarif etc.) i modalitile de ncasare. Activitile de servicii de pia: servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie; servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru ntreprinderi. Serviciile de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie i pentru ntreprinderi cuprind veniturile realizate, att de ntreprinderile care au activitate principal de servicii, ct i de ntreprinderile cu alte activiti principale, care obin venituri din activiti de servicii. Serviciile de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie cuprind urmtoarele activiti, conform CAEN Rev.2: hoteluri i alte faciliti de cazare (diviziunea 55), restaurante i alte activiti de servicii de alimentaie (diviziunea 56), activiti ale ageniilor turistice i ale tur - operatorilor, alte servicii de rezervare i asisten turistic (diviziunea 79). Serviciile de pia prestate n principal pentru ntreprinderi cuprind urmtoarele activiti, conform CAEN Rev.2: transporturi i depozitare (diviziunile: 49 52), pot i curier (diviziunea 53), informaii i comunicaii (diviziunile: 58 - 63), tranzacii imobiliare (diviziunea 68), activiti profesionale, tiinifice i tehnice (diviziunile: 69 - 75), activiti de servicii administrative i de servicii suport (diviziunile: 77, 78, 80 - 82), activiti de spectacole, culturale i recreative (diviziunile: 90 - 93), alte activiti de servicii (diviziunile: 95 - 96). Datele valorice privind veniturile realizate sunt prezentate n preurile curente ale fiecrui an, inclusiv TVA. Indicii de volum ai serviciilor de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie au fost calculai n preuri comparabile.

Retail and wholesale comprise the income achieved both by the enterprises having trade as main activity and by the enterprises having other activities, getting income from trade activity. Value data on achieved income are presented in current prices of each year, including VAT for retail and excluding VAT for wholesale. Commercial network of retail enterprises represents total number of shops existing at the end of the year. Volume indices of retail were calculated under comparable prices conditions. MARKET SERVICES Market services - activities which are subject to sale and purchase on the market, no matter of payment moment, type of practised price (sale price, tariff a.s.o.) and ways of cashing. Activities of market services: market services mainly rendered to the population; market services mainly rendered to enterprises. Market services mainly rendered to the population and to enterprises include income achieved both by enterprises having services as their main activity and by enterprises having other main activities, which obtain income from service activities. Market services mainly rendered to the population include the following activities, according to CANE Rev.2: hotels and other accomodation units (division 55), restaurants and other catering services (division 56), tourism agencies activities and tour operators, other accomodation services and tourist assistance (division 79). Market services mainly rendered to enterprises comprise the following activities, according to CANE Rev.2: transport and storage (divisions: 49 - 52), mail and courier (division 53), information and communications (divisions: 58 - 63), real estate transaction (division 68), professional, scientific and technical activities (divisions: 69 - 75), activities of administrative services and support services (divisions: 77, 78, 80 - 82), showbiz, cultural and recreation activities (divisions: 90 - 93), other activities of services (divisions: 95 - 96). Value data on income are presented in current prices of each year, including VAT. Volume indices of market services mainly rendered to the population were calculated under comparable prices.

19.G1
25,2%

Structura serviciilor de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe activiti Structure of market services mainly rendered to the population, by activity
2008 2009

32,3%

24,6%

36,4%

21,3% 21,2%
Restaurante Restaurants Hoteluri i alte faciliti de cazare similare Hotels and other similar accommodation facilities

18,6% 20,4%
Activiti ale ageniilor turistice i ale tur - operatorilor Travel and tour operator agencies activities Alte servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie Other market services mainly rendered to the population

19
19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7

COMER INTERIOR I SERVICII DE PIA

COMER INTERIOR Comerul cu amnuntul, pe grupe de mrfuri Comerul cu amnuntul, pe forme de proprietate Indicii comerului cu amnuntul, pe grupe de mrfuri Reeaua comercial a ntreprinderilor cu activitate de comer cu amnuntul Indicii privind comerul cu ridicata i cu amnuntul, ntreinerea i repararea autovehiculelor i a motocicletelor, n anul 2009 Vnzarea, ntreinerea i repararea autovehiculelor i a motocicletelor; comerul cu amnuntul al carburanilor Indicii privind vnzarea, ntreinerea i repararea autovehiculelor i a motocicletelor; comerul cu amnuntul al carburanilor Comerul cu ridicata, pe forme de proprietate SERVICII DE PIA 19.9 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe forme de proprietate 19.10 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe activiti 19.11 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe activiti i forme de proprietate 19.12 Indicii serviciilor de pia prestate n principal pentru populaie, pe activiti 19.13 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru operatori economici, pe forme de proprietate 19.14 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru ntreprinderi, pe forme de proprietate 19.15 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru operatori economici, pe activiti i forme de proprietate 19.16 Servicii de pia prestate n principal pentru ntreprinderi, pe activiti 19.17 Servicii de transporturi, depozitare i comunicaii, pe forme de proprietate 19.18 Servicii de transporturi, depozitare i comunicaii, pe activiti i forme de proprietate

19.8

TURISM

TOURISM

20

SURSA DATELOR
Cercetri statistice: Cercetri statistice exhaustive privind activitatea de turism a persoanelor juridice i fizice (activitatea de cazare turistic i activitatea ageniilor de turism). Cercetare statistic selectiv, referitoare la cererea turistic a rezidenilor n Romnia, cu vrsta de cel puin 15 ani mplinii, dintr-un eantion reprezentativ de locuine. Surse administrative: Ministerul Administraiei i Internelor, pentru datele privind cltoriile internaionale nregistrate la frontierele Romniei.

DATA SOURCE
Statistical surveys: Exhaustive statistical surveys on tourist activity of natural and legal persons (touristic accommodation activity and travel agencies activity). Sample statistical surveys on tourist demand of residents in Romania aged 15 years at least, based on a representative sample of dwellings. Administrative sources: Ministry of Administration and Interior, for data on international trips registered at Romanias borders.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
ACTIVITATEA DE CAZARE TURISTIC Structur de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic - orice construcie sau amenajare, care furnizeaz n mod permanent sau sezonier serviciul de cazare i alte servicii specifice pentru turiti. Vilele turistice, bungalourile i pensiunile turistice - structuri de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare distincte pentru fiecare cldire n parte, chiar dac au o recepie comun pentru mai multe vile, bungalouri sau pensiuni. Bungalourile - structuri de cazare turistic de capacitate redus, realizate, de regul, din lemn sau materiale similare. Sunt amplasate n perimetrul campingurilor, satelor de vacan, ca uniti independente n cadrul unor staiuni sau zone turistice sau ca spaii complementare pe lng alte structuri de cazare turistic. Unitatea de tip csu - grup independent de csue turistice care are recepie i conducere administrativ comun. Pensiunile turistice - structuri de primire turistic, avnd o capacitate de cazare de pn la 20 de camere n mediul rural, totaliznd maxim 60 de locuri, funcionnd n locuinele cetenilor sau n cldiri independente, care asigur n spaii special amenajate cazarea turitilor i condiiile de pregtire i servire a mesei. Pensiunile agroturistice sunt structuri de primire turistic, avnd o capacitate de cazare de pn la 8 camere, funcionnd n locuinele cetenilor sau n cldiri independente, care asigur n spaii special amenajate cazarea turitilor i condiiile de pregtire i servire a mesei, precum i posibilitatea participrii la activiti gospodreti sau meteugreti.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
TOURISTIC ACCOMMODATION ACTIVITY Establishment of touristic reception with functions of touristic accommodation - any building or settlement which permanently or seasonally provides the tourists with accommodation and other specific services. Touristic villas, bungalows and boarding houses - establishments of touristic reception with functions of accommodation, distinct for each building, even if they have the same reception desk for several villas, bungalows or touristic boarding houses. Bungalows - low capacity establishments of touristic accommodation, usually made of wood or similar materials. They are placed inside campings, holiday villages, as independent units inside spas or touristic areas, or as complementary spaces besides other structures of touristic accommodation. Houselet - type unit - independent group of touristic houselets which has the same reception desk and administrative management. Touristic boarding houses - establishments of touristic reception with an accommodation capacity of up to 20 rooms in rural area, with maximum of 60 accommodation places, operating in the houses of citizens or in independent establishments that provide accommodation and conditions to prepare and serve meals for tourists in spaces properly designed. Agro-touristic boarding houses are tourist reception establishments having an accommodation capacity of up to 8 rooms, functioning in citizens dwellings or independent buildings providing tourist accommodation in special spaces as well as lunch preparation conditions and possibility to take part in household and handicraft activities.

Nu se cuprind n cercetarea statistic, structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic cu o capacitate de cazare instalat de mai puin de 5 locuri. Nu se cuprind n structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic: structurile de cazare folosite n exclusivitate de posesori sau chiriai, pe o durat mai mare de un an, indiferent de clasificarea acestora; locuinele secundare ale populaiei, utilizate n scopuri turistice n mod exclusiv de posesorii acestora; cminele, internatele colare pe perioada anului colar; unitile spitaliceti (cu excepia sanatoriilor i altor spaii similare ce practic n mod exclusiv activiti turistice); vagoanele dormitor; adposturile i refugiile montane i similare; barcile i dormitoarele pentru muncitori; cminele de btrni i casele de copii. n numrul structurilor de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic au fost cuprinse structurile existente la 31 iulie, din anul respectiv. Se exclud structurile a cror activitate a fost ntrerupt n vederea realizrii unor reparaii capitale sau pentru modificri importante ale capacitii de cazare sau / i a categoriei de ncadrare. Locurile aferente structurilor de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic complementare (csue, terenuri de campare etc.) la o structur de cazare turistic de baz (hotel, motel, camping etc.) i utilizarea acestor locuri sunt cuprinse la structura de baz. Capacitatea de cazare turistic existent (instalat) reprezint numrul de locuri de cazare de folosin turistic nscrise n ultimul act de recepie, omologare sau clasificare al structurii de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic, exclusiv paturile suplimentare care se pot instala n caz de necesitate. Sunt luate n calcul numrul de locuri din structurile existente la 31 iulie, din anul respectiv. Capacitatea de cazare turistic n funciune (exprimat n locuri-zile) reprezint numrul de locuri de cazare puse la dispoziia turitilor de ctre structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic, nmulit cu numrul de zile ct sunt deschise structurile n perioada considerat. Se exclud locurile din camerele sau structurile nchise temporar din lips de turiti, pentru reparaii sau pentru alte motive. Indicii de utilizare net a capacitii de cazare turistic n funciune se calculeaz prin raportarea numrului de nnoptri realizate, la capacitatea de cazare turistic n funciune, din perioada respectiv.

The establishments of touristic reception having functions of touristic accommodation with accommodation capacity of less than 5 places are not included in the statistical survey. Establishments of touristic reception with functions of touristic accommodation do not include: establishments of accommodation used exclusively by owners or tenants, during more than one year, no matter their classification; secondary dwellings of population used for touristic purposes exclusively by their owners; hostels, boarding - schools during school year; hospital units (except for sanatoria and other similar units exclusively practising touristic activities); sleeping cars; mountain shelters and refuges and similar; huts and bedrooms for workers; elderly people hostels and orphanages. Establishments of touristic reception with functions of touristic accommodation were included the establishments existing on July 31, of the respective year. The establishments whose activity was interrupted for capital repairs or for changing the accommodation capacity and / or category were excluded. Basic unit also includes places afferent to the establishments of touristic reception with functions of touristic accommodation (houselets, camping grounds a.s.o.) complementary to a basic establishment of touristic accommodation (hotel, motel, camping a.s.o.) and their use. Existing (installed) touristic accommodation capacity represents the number of touristic accommodation places recorded in the last reception, homologation or classification document of the establishment of touristic reception with functions of touristic accommodation, the additional beds that can be fixed if necessary, excluded. The number of places in the establishments existing on July 31, of the respective year are taken into calculation. Touristic accommodation capacity in operation (by places-days) represents the number of available accommodation places for tourists in establishments of touristic reception with functions of touristic accommodation, multiplied with the number of days when the establishments are opened during the respective period. The places in rooms or establishments temporarily closed because of lack of tourists, for repairs or other reasons, are excluded. Indices of net using the touristic accommodation capacity in operation are calculated by dividing the total number of overnight stays with the touristic accommodation capacity in operation, in the respective period.

ACTIVITATEA AGENIILOR DE TURISM Ageniile de turism tour operatoare sunt acele agenii de turism specializate n organizarea de programe i aciuni turistice, pe care le comercializeaz direct sau prin intermediul altor agenii de turism, pe baz de contracte i convenii. Ageniile de turism cu activitate de vnzare sunt acele agenii de turism care vnd programele i aciunile turistice ale tour operatorilor. Aciunea turistic reprezint modalitatea specific de desfurare i condiiile asigurate de operatorul economic organizator pe parcursul cltoriei turistului. Turitii participani la o aciune turistic sunt persoanele care beneficiaz de serviciile oferite i vndute de operatorul economic care organizeaz activitatea turistic respectiv. Numrul turitilor - zile pentru o aciune turistic se determin prin nmulirea numrului persoanelor participante, cu durata efectiv n zile a aciunii respective. Durata medie a sejurului s-a calculat din mprirea numrului de turiti-zile la numrul de turiti.

TRAVEL AGENCIES ACTIVITY Tour operator travel agencies are those travel agencies specialized in the organisation of tourism actions and programs, traded directly or by means of other travel agencies based on contracts and conventions. Travel agencies with sale activity are those travel agencies selling tourism actions and programs of tour operators. Touristic action represents the specific way and conditions ensured by the organising economic operator along the tourists travel. Tourists participating to a touristic action are the persons who benefit of the services provided and sold by the economic operator organizing the respective touristic activity. Number of tourists - days for a touristic action is determined by multiplying the number of the participating persons with the effective duration, in days, of the respective action. The average duration of the travel was calculated by dividing the number of tourists - days to the number of tourists. INTERNATIONAL TRIPS REGISTERED AT ROMANIAS BORDERS International visitor is, from the statistical point of view any person who travels to a country, other than the one of residence, for a period not exceeding 12 months; the main purpose of his visit being other than carrying out remunerated activity in the visited country. Arrivals include the number of foreign visitors registered at the borders. Departures include the number of Romanian visitors who travel abroad, registered at the borders. The same foreign person can make several trips to the country in the respective period, every new arrival being registered. The same applies for the departures of the Romanian visitors abroad, too. The following categories of travellers are excluded from arrivals and departures of the international visitors: persons who enter or leave the country as migrants; diplomats, consular representatives and members of the armed forces when travelling from their country of origin towards their mission place in another country; refugees or nomads.

CLTORIILE INTERNAIONALE NREGISTRATE LA FRONTIERELE ROMNIEI Vizitator internaional este, din punct de vedere statistic, orice persoan care cltorete ctre o ar, alta dect aceea n care i are reedina, pentru o perioad care s nu depeasc 12 luni, scopul principal al vizitei fiind altul dect exercitarea unei activiti remunerate n ara vizitat. Sosirile cuprind numrul vizitatorilor strini nregistrai la intrarea n ar. Plecrile cuprind numrul vizitatorilor romni care cltoresc n strintate i sunt nregistrai la ieirea din ar. Aceeai persoan din strintate poate realiza, n perioada respectiv, mai multe cltorii n ar, fiind nregistrat de fiecare dat ca o nou sosire. n acelai mod se procedeaz la plecrile vizitatorilor romni n strintate. Urmtoarele categorii de cltori sunt excluse din sosirile i plecrile vizitatorilor internaionali: persoanele care intr sau ies din ar ca migrani; diplomaii, reprezentanii consulari i membrii forelor armate cnd se deplaseaz spre/dinspre locul unde trebuie s-i exercite misiunea ntr-o alt ar; refugiaii sau nomazii.

CEREREA TURISTIC A REZIDENILOR N ROMNIA Sfera de cuprindere a anchetei o constituie persoanele rezidente n Romnia, cu vrsta de cel puin 15 ani mplinii, din cadrul unui eantion reprezentativ de gospodrii. nregistrarea datelor se face prin metoda interviului fa n fa, rolul principal revenind anchetatorilor, care se deplaseaz la locuinele cuprinse n eantionul anchetei. Se obin informaii referitoare la numrul de turiti, cltorii i nnoptri efectuate de rezidenii din Romnia pentru plecrile n vacane (odihn, recreere, vizite la prieteni i rude) i pentru afaceri i motive profesionale. Eantionul anchetei cuprinde 8728 locuine/ trimestru, volumul lui fiind calculat pentru o probabilitate de garantare a rezultatelor de 95% i o eroare de reprezentativitate de 5%, asigurnd reprezentativitatea la nivel naional pentru variabilele eseniale ale anchetei (persoanele de 15 ani i peste, pe sexe i medii de reziden - urban, rural). Se exclud cltoriile avnd ca scop exercitarea unei activiti remunerate n locul vizitat, precum i cltoriile fr nnoptare n locul vizitat.

TOURISM ROMANIA

DEMAND

OF THE

RESIDENTS

IN

The coverage of the survey consists of the Romanian residents aged at least 15 years, within in a representative sample of households. The data are registered by face to face interviews, the main role being played by surveyors who visit the dwellings included in the survey sample. There, they obtain information on the number of tourists, trips and overnight stays of the residents in Romania as to the holidays (rest, recreation, visits to friends and relatives) as well as to business and professional reasons. The survey sample includes 8728 dwellings/ quarter, its volume being calculated for 95% probability of results guarantee and 5% representativity error, providing the representativeness at national level for key variables of the survey (persons aged 15 years and over, by gender and residence area - urban, rural). The trips having as purpose a remunerated activity as well as the trips without overnight stay in the visited place are excluded.

20.G1

Structura capacitii de cazare turistic n funciune, n anul 2009 Structure of touristic accommodation capacity in operation, in 2009
9,7% 5,2% 7,7% 8,0%

69,4%

Hoteluri i moteluri Hotels and motels Pensiuni turistice Touristic boarding houses

Pensiuni agroturistice Agro-touristic boarding houses Vile turistice i bungalouri Touristic villas and bungalows

Alte structuri de primire turistic Other establishments of touristic reception

20.G2
8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

nnoptrile n structurile de primire turistic, pe categorii de confort, n anul 2009 Overnight stays in the establishments of touristic reception, by category of comfort, in 2009
mii nnoptri / thou overnight stays

7674

3373

1394 182 389 5 stele 5 stars

794

950

1451 460 2 stele 2 stars 67 1 stea 1 star 583 8

4 stele 4 stars

3 stele 3 stars

Neclasificat Not classified

Turiti romni / Romanians

Turiti strini / Foreigners

20.G3

nnoptrile pe categorii de confort, n anul 2009 Overnight stays, by category of comfort, in 2009

3,4% 8,8%

3,3% 12,6%

5 stele / 5 stars 4 stele / 4 stars 3 stele / 3 stars

46,9%

25,0%

2 stele / 2 stars 1 stea / 1 star Neclasificate / Not classified

20.G4

Structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic i capacitatea de cazare turistic, pe destinaii turistice, n anul 2009 Establishments of touristic reception with functions of touristic accommodation and touristic accommodation capacity, by touristic destinations, in 2009

Structuri de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic (numr) Establishments of touristic reception with functions of touristic accommodation (number)

946 1599 377

980 141

1052

Capacitatea de cazare existent (locuri) Existing accommodation capacity (places)

Capacitatea de cazare n funciune (mii locuri - zile) Accommodation capacity in operation (thou places - days)

42250 118835

10155

9114

64599

9371

4988 35395 37419

22015 543

9906

Litoral 1) Seaside 1) Staiuni balneare Spas

Staiuni montane Mountain resorts

Delta Dunrii 2) Danube Delta 2)

Orae reedin de jude 3) County residence towns 3) Alte localiti Other localities

1) Exclusiv oraul Constana. / Excluding Constana town. 2) Inclusiv municipiul Tulcea. / Including Tulcea Municipality. 3) Inclusiv municipiul Bucureti i exclusiv municipiul Tulcea. / Including Bucharest Municipality and excluding Tulcea Municipality.

20

TURISM

20.1 Structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic 20.2 Capacitatea de cazare turistic 20.3 Structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic i capacitatea de cazare turistic, pe categorii de confort 20.4 Sosiri ale turitilor n structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic 20.5 nnoptri n structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic 20.6 Capacitatea i activitatea de cazare turistic, pe destinaii turistice 20.7 Capacitatea i activitatea de cazare turistic, pe forme de proprietate 20.8 Indicii de utilizare net a capacitii de cazare turistic n funciune 20.9 Turismul organizat de ageniile de turism, pe aciuni turistice i zone turistice 20.10 Numrul de turiti, cltorii i nnoptri, dup motivul principal al cltoriei 20.11 Cltoriile internaionale nregistrate la frontierele Romniei 20.12 Cltorii n strintate pentru vacane i afaceri, pe ri de destinaie 20.13 Sosirile vizitatorilor strini n Romnia, pe principalele ri de origine i plecrile vizitatorilor romni n strintate 20.14 Cltorii interne ale rezidenilor pentru vacane i afaceri, pe zone turistice, dup durata i organizatorul cltoriei Teritorial 20.15 Structurile de primire turistic cu funciuni de cazare turistic, n profil teritorial, la 31 iulie 2009 20.16 Capacitatea i activitatea de cazare turistic, n profil teritorial, n anul 2009

FINANE

FINANCES

21

SURSA DATELOR
Surse administrative:. Ministerul Finanelor Publice, pentru datele privind execuia bugetului de stat; execuia bugetelor locale i execuia bugetului asigurrilor sociale de stat; Banca Naional a Romniei, pentru datele privind balana de pli; cursul de schimb mediu anual de referin al monedei naionale, fa de principalele valute; masa monetar i contrapartida acesteia; creditul intern; bilanul monetar al Bncii Naionale a Romniei; bilanul monetar agregat al instituiilor de credit i fonduri de pia monetar. Comisia de Supraveghere a Asigurrilor, pentru datele privind societile de asigurri, pe forme de proprietate; investiiile societilor de asigurri i asigurrile, pe domenii de activitate.

DATA SOURCE
Administrative sources: Ministry of Public Finances, for data concerning execution of the state budget; execution of the local budgets and execution of the state social insurance budget; National Bank of Romania, for data concerning balance of payments; annual average reference exchange rate of national currency, as against main currencies; broad money and its counterpart; domestic credit; monetary balance sheet of the National Bank of Romania; aggregate monetary balance sheet of monetary financial institutions and monetary market funds. Insurance Supervisory Commission, for data concerning insurance companies, by type of ownership; investments of insurance companies and insurance, by activity fields.

21.G1
23,9%

Structura veniturilor bugetului public naional Structure of national public budget revenues
2008 44,4% 28,9% 2009 40,1%

31,7% Bugetul de stat State budget Bugetele locale Local budget

31,0% Bugetul asigurrilor sociale de stat State social insurance budget

21.G2
21,5%

Structura cheltuielilor bugetului public naional Structure of national public budget expenditure
2008 51,6% 23,4% 2009 52,2%

26,9% Bugetul de stat State budget Bugetele locale Local budget

24,4% Bugetul asigurrilor sociale de stat State social insurance budget

21.G3
38,3%

Structura capitalului social subscris al societilor de asigurri Structure of subscribed share capital of insurance companies
2009 3,2%

2004

Proprietate privat mixt Private joint venture ownership Proprietate privat autohton Private domestic ownership 61,7% 96,8%

21.G4
38,3%

Structura capitalului social vrsat al societilor de asigurri Structure of paid up share capital of insurance companies
2004 3,1% 2009

Proprietate privat mixt Private joint venture ownership Proprietate privat autohton Private domestic ownership

61,7%

96,9%

21.G5
% 100 80 60 40

Investiiile societilor de asigurri Investments of insurance companies

39,7

38,1 4,3

41,2

41,1

43,9

41,6

5,6

5,2

6,3

2,9

2,4

54,7 20 0

57,6

53,6

52,6

53,2

56,0

2004

2005 Plasamente Investments

2006

2007 Active circulante Current assets

2008

2009 Alte active Other assets

21

FINANE

21.1 Execuia bugetului de stat (1991 - 2005) Execuia bugetului de stat (2006 - 2009) 21.2 Execuia bugetelor locale (1991 - 2005) Execuia bugetelor locale (2006 - 2009) 21.3 Execuia bugetului asigurrilor sociale de stat (1991 - 2005) Execuia bugetului asigurrilor sociale de stat (2006 - 2009) 21.4 Balana de pli (dolari) Balana de pli (euro) 21.5 Cursul de schimb mediu anual de referin al monedei naionale, fa de principalele valute 21.6 Masa monetar i contrapartida acesteia (la sfritul perioadei) 21.7 Creditul intern (la sfritul perioadei) 21.8 Bilanul monetar al Bncii Naionale a Romniei (la sfritul perioadei) 21.9 Bilanul monetar agregat al instituiilor de credit i fonduri de pia monetar (la sfritul perioadei) 21.10 Societile de asigurri, pe forme de proprietate (la sfritul perioadei) 21.11 Investiiile societilor de asigurri 21.12 Asigurrile, pe domenii de activitate, n anul 2009 Teritorial 21.13 Execuia bugetelor locale, in profil teritorial, n anul 2009

JUSTIIE

JUSTICE

22

SURSA DATELOR
Surse administrative: Ministerul Justiiei, privind datele stabilite pe baza aciunilor penale sau civile nregistrate la instanele judectoreti (judectorii, tribunale i curi de apel) i a hotrrilor judectoreti penale i civile, pentru anul 2004; Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii, privind datele stabilite pe baza aciunilor penale sau civile nregistrate la instanele judectoreti (judectorii, tribunale i curi de apel) i a hotrrilor judectoreti penale i civile, pentru perioada 2005 - 2009; Inspectoratul General al Poliiei Romne din cadrul Ministerului Administraiei i Internelor, pentru datele privind infraciunile cercetate de poliie.

DATA SOURCE
Administrative sources: Ministry of Justice, for data obtained based on penal or civil actions which are registered by the Courts of Justice (the courts, the courts of law and the courts of appeal) and on penal and civil sentences, for 2004; Superior Council of Magistracy, for data obtained based on penal or civil actions which are registered by the Courts of Justice (the courts, the courts of law and the courts of appeal) and on penal and civil sentences, for the interval 2005 - 2009; General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within he Ministry of Administration and Interior, for data on offences investigated by the Police.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
Infraciunea este considerat fapta care prezint pericol social, svrit cu vinovie i prevzut de legea penal. Condamnarea reprezint aplicarea printr-o hotrre judectoreasc a unor pedepse prevzute de legea penal, n cazul n care instana constat c fapta exist, constituie infraciune i a fost svrit de inculpat. Condamnarea este definitiv dac hotrrea judectoreasc prin care a fost pronunat nu mai este susceptibil de a fi atacat cu recurs. n materie penal, datele se refer la numrul de persoane n vrst de 14 ani i peste, condamnate definitiv pentru infraciunile svrite. Recidivitii sunt persoanele condamnate care au svrit din nou, cu intenie, o infraciune pentru care legea penal prevede, n anumite condiii, pedeapsa privrii de libertate (nchisoare) mai mare de un an. n categoria minorilor condamnai definitiv sunt cuprinse persoanele din grupa de vrst 14-17 ani. n cazul persoanelor condamnate pentru mai multe infraciuni, n statistica judiciar s-a nregistrat infraciunea cea mai grav. n materie civil s-au luat n considerare cauzele de fond fr alte cereri ulterioare judecrii cauzelor de fond. Pentru volumul de activitate n penal i civil s-au inclus i cererile ulterioare, precum i plngerile mpotriva proceselor verbale de constatare a contraveniilor. n numrul de judectori au fost inclui i judectorii stagiari.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
Offence is the deed presenting social danger, committed by guilt and provided by penal law. Conviction represents enforcing, by a court order, the punishments comprised in the penal law, in case the court finds that the deed exists, is an offence and has been committed by the defendant. Conviction is declared final if the court order by which it has been pronounced is no longer susceptible to be attacked by appeal. In penal matter, data refer to the number of persons aged 14 years and over, definitively convicted for the committed offences. Recidivists are the persons convicted which committed again, intentionally, an offence for which the penal law provides, under certain circumstances, the punishment of liberty privation (prison) longer than a year. In the category of under aged definitively convicted the persons aged 14-17 years are included. In case of persons convicted for several offences, the most serious offence was registered in judicial statistics. In civil matter, the cases at the first court have been taken into account, without any other further requests to the judgement of the case. For the volume of activity, penal and civil matters include also further requests, as well as complaints against the reports of finding the offences. Probation judges are also included in the number of judges.

22.G1

Persoanele condamnate definitiv de instanele judectoreti Persons definitively convicted by the Courts of Justice
2004 2009

9,6%
Brbai Male

5,3%

Femei Female

90,4%

94,7%

2004

2009

9,1%
Minori (cu vrst de 14-17 ani) Under age persons (of 14-17 years old) Majori Adults

8,9%

90,9%

91,1%

22.G2
18,3%

Persoanele condamnate definitiv, pe categorii de infraciuni Persons definitively convicted, by category of offences

2004

2009

26,0%

14,8%

18,9%

Infraciuni contra persoanei Offences againts person

10,8%

Infraciuni contra patrimoniului Offences againts patrimony Infraciuni la regimul circulaiei pe drumurile publice - total Offences to traffic system on public roads - total Alte categorii de infraciuni Other category of offences

29,3%

44,9%

37,0%

22.G3
35,5%

Infraciuni cercetate de poliie Offences investigated by the Police

2004

2009

32,1%

18,6%
Economico - financiare Economic - financial Judiciare Judiciary

36,5%

De alt natur Others

32,4%

44,9%

2004

2009

0,7%

0,1%

40,1%

39,6%

Infraciuni svrite n mediul urban Offences in urban area Infraciuni svrite n mediul rural Offences in rural area Infraciuni svrite n strintate Offences abroad

59,2%

60,3%

22

JUSTIIE

22.1 Numrul de judectori i cel de cauze penale i civile intrate la instanele judectoreti 22.2 Persoane condamnate definitiv de instanele judectoreti 22.3 Persoane condamnate definitiv, pe tipuri de pedepse 22.4 Persoane condamnate definitiv, pe categorii de infraciuni 22.5 Persoane condamnate definitiv, pe principalele infraciuni i mediile n care acestea s-au comis 22.6 Persoane condamnate definitiv, aflate n penitenciare i centre de reeducare (la sfritul anului) 22.7 Persoane condamnate definitiv, aflate n penitenciare, dup durata pedepselor (la sfritul anului) 22.8 Fenomenul judiciar n materie civil 22.9 Infraciuni cercetate de poliie Teritorial 22.10 Persoane condamnate definitiv de instanele judectoreti, n profil teritorial 22.11 Rata criminalitii, n profil teritorial 22.12 Infraciuni cercetate de poliie i rata infracionalitii, n profil teritorial

STATISTIC INTERNAIONAL

INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS

23

SURSA DATELOR / DATA SOURCE

2007 Energy Statistics Yearbook, UN, New York, 2010; 2010 World Development Indicators, World Bank, USA; 2008 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, Washington, USA; 2009 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, Washington, USA; 2010 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, Washington, USA; UNSD Demographic Yearbook online 2007 edition; World Population Prospects The 2008 Revision; Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook, IMF, Washington, 2009; Eurostats New Cronos Database, Internet - http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu; Electricity Information, International Energy Agency, 2009; Final Sulphur and Sulphuric Acid Statistics 2007 2008, International Fertilizers Industry Association, Paris, 2010; FAO Statistical Database, Internet http://faostat.fao.org/; ILO website, http://laborsta.ilo.org; International Financial Statistics, August 2010, Washington; International Rubber Study Group, Internet http://www.rubberstudy.com Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, U.N., New York April 2010; Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, U.N., New York: Internet http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mbs The Free Encyclopedia WIKIPEDIA, Internet http://www.wikipedia.org; UNECE Countries in Figures 2009, UNECE, New York and Geneva, 2009; UNECE online database, Internet - http://www.unece.org/ UNESCO online database, Internet - http://www.uis.unesco.org; World Mineral Production 2004 - 2008, British Geological Survey, 2010; Mineral Commodity Summaries 2004 - 2008, US Geological Survey, 2010.

Sursele de date reprezint cele mai recent disponible ediii ale publicaiilor organismelor internaionale sau ultima actualizare a bazelor de date ale acestora disponibil pe internet. Datele aferente rilor au fost preluate ca atare din aceste surse.

The data sources represent the latest available editions of international bodies publications or the latest update of their database, accessible via Internet. Statistical data related to countries were taken over as such from these sources.

Not: n tabelul 23.2 (pag. 637) este prezentat denumirea oficial a rilor. n celelalte tabele este nscris denumirea uzitat (tehnic) folosit i de ara noastr, n conformitate cu denumirile rilor din anuarele i buletinele organizaiilor internaionale.

Note: Table 23.2 (pag. 637) presents the official name of the countries. The other tables enlist the name usually used by our country as well, according to the name of the countries from yearbooks and bulletins of international organisations.

23.G1

Structura populaiei pe continente Population structure by continent

2000 2050 (estimri / estimates)

0,5% 11,9%

13,4%

0,6% 7,5% 5,2% 8,5% 4,9% 21,8%

8,0% 60,5% 57,2%

Africa Africa America de Nord North America America de Sud i America Central (inclusiv zona Caraibe) South America and Central America (including the Caribbean)

Asia Asia Europa Europe Oceania Oceania

23
23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.8 23.9 23.10 23.11 23.12

STATISTIC INTERNAIONAL

Populaia pe continente Suprafaa, populaia la 1 iulie i capitalele rilor i teritoriilor Romnia n lume, n anul 2008 Romnia i Uniunea European, n anul 2009 Populaia pe ri, la 1 iulie Micarea natural a populaiei, n anul 2009 Durata medie a vieii, n anul 2009 Populaia ocupat, pe principalele activiti ale economiei naionale, n anul 2008 (conform clasificrii ISIC Rev. 3) omerii i rata omajului Indicii produsului intern brut Contribuia principalelor activiti la realizarea produsului intern brut, n anul 2008 Structura produsului intern brut, pe elemente componente, dup metoda cheltuielilor, n anul 2008 Rezultatele Programului European de Comparare a produsului intern brut (PIB)

23.13 Produsul intern brut, pe locuitor 23.14 Indicii nivelului preurilor i indicii de volum la puterea de cumprare standard (PCS), pe locuitor (UE-27=100) 23.15 Indicii produciei industriale 23.16 Indicii produciei industriale, pe tipuri de activiti 23.17 Producia mondial a unor produse industriale principale 23.18 Producia i consumul de energie primar, pe locuitor, n anul 2007 23.19 Producia principalelor produse industriale 23.20 Structura suprafeei totale, dup modul de folosin, n anul 2007 23.21 Producia principalelor produse agricole 23.22 Numrul animalelor (la nceputul anului) 23.23 Biodiversitatea 23.24 Lungimea i densitatea liniilor de cale ferat n exploatare, n anul 2008 23.25 Transportul maritim internaional 23.26 Accidente de circulaie 23.27 Balana de pli, n anul 2008 (sold) 23.28 Indicele preurilor de consum 23.29 Utilizatorii de internet i numrul de calculatoare 23.30 Accesul la telecomunicaii, n anul 2008 23.31 Populaia colar i cheltuielile publice pentru educaie, n 2008/2009 23.32 Personalul din activitatea de cercetare-dezvoltare i cheltuielile cu cercetarea-dezvoltarea, n anul 2007 23.33 Rezervele internaionale, exclusiv aurul 23.34 Rezervele de aur (la sfritul perioadei)