Giao an mon : Hoa hoc

Nam hoc : 2009

- 2010 Khoi : 11 ban nang cao Sinh vien : Nguyen Hai Linh. Nganh : S pham GVHD : Hoang Th Thanh Hng. Ngay soan: 26/ 03/ 2010 Tiet 70. Bai day: DAN XUAT HALOGEN CUA HIDROCACBON (tiet 2) I. Muc tieu bai day: 1. Kien thc: - Biet nhng tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua dan xuat halogen. - Hieu c v sao dan xuat halogen co nhng tnh chat hoa hoc o. - Nam c quy tac Zai-xep. - Biet c nhng ng dung cua dan xuat halogen. 2. K nang: - Viet c phng trnh phan ng e minh hoa cho nhng tnh chat hoa hoc. - S dung quy tac Zai-xep e xac nh san pham chnh, san pham phu trong phan ng tach. 3. Thai o: - Xay dng tnh cam hng thu oi vi hoa hoc hoc sinh. - Boi dng tnh cam khoa hoc. II. Chuan b: 1.Chuan b cua giao vien: - Chuan b cac bai tap co lien quan - Bang phu - Hnh anh minh hoa ng dung cua dan xuat halogen. 2. Chuan b cua hoc sinh: - Hoc bai cu va xem trc bai mi. III. Phng phap day hoc: Dien giang, am thoai neu van e. IV. Hoat ong day va hoc: 1. On nh lp: 1 phut - iem danh - Chuan b kiem tra bai cu. 2. Kiem tra bai cu: 5 phut - Cau hoi: Viet cac ong phan cua C3H6Cl2 va oc ten theo danh phap the - Phng an tra li: CH3 CH2 CHCl2 : 1,1-iclopropan CH3 CCl2 CH3 : 2,2- iclopropan CH3 CHCl CH2Cl : 1,2-iclopropan CH2Cl CH2 CH2Cl : 1,3- iclopropan 3. Bai mi:

- Gii thieu bai mi: tiet trc cac em a c tm hieu ve khai niem, phan loai, ong phan, danh phap va tnh chat vat l cua dan xuat halogen, tiet nay ta se tm hieu tnh chat hoa hoc va nhng ng dung quan trong cua dan xuat halogen. - Tien trnh bai day: TL Hoat ong cua Hoat Noi dung GV ong cua HS 12 H1: Phan ng 1. Phan ng the nguyen t the nguyen t halogen bang nhomOH halogen bang nhom - HS quan OH sat - Ankyl halogenua b thuy phan - Treo bang 8.1 cho HS trong dung dch kiem, t0 quan sat - HS tra t0 CH3CH2CH2Cl + NaOH - Yeu cau HS cho biet li Propyl clorua 3 dan xuat halogen CH3CH2CH2OH + NaCl (1) trong bang 8.1 b Ancol propylic thuy phan ieu - HS viet - Anlyl halogenua b thuy phan ngay kien nao ? san pham trong nc, t0. - Hng dan HS viet t0 san pham tao thanh R CH= CH CH2X + HOH R CH = CH CH2OH + HX (2) - Phenyl halogenua ch phan ng vi kiem t0 cao, P cao. Cl - Chu y phan ng (3) ban au tao ra OH co tnh axit, trong moi trng NaOH xay ra phan ng tao muoi. - Dung AgNO3 e nhan biet - Qua trnh thuy phan v co ket tao ra X- , hay neu tua trang. cach nhan biet ion - HS tra halogenua trong dung li dch? - So sanh kha nang + 2 NaOH ONa + NaCl + H2O (3)
300 0

200 atm

thc hien phan ng thuy phan cua 3 dan xuat halogen co trong bang 8.1 - 3 dan xuat halogen nay co phan halogen la giong nhau. Vay yeu to nao anh hng en kha nang the X bang OH - Chnh cau tao khac nhau cua goc hidrocacbon a anh hng en kha nang the X bang OH. - Trong dan xuat halogen co lien ket C X hay cho biet ac iem cua lien ket nay? - C X la lien ket cong hoa tr co cc, C mang mot phan ien tch dng, halogen mang mot phan ien tch am. - Di tac dung cua dung moi phan cc lien ket C Br phan cat theo kieu g (ong li hay d li)? san pham tng ng? 12 - Mc o phan cat khong ang ke nen chieu nghch luon chiem u the. - Giai oan 2: xay ra nhanh va khong thuan nghch lam can bang giai oan 1 chuyen dch sang phai, dan ti s the hoan toan Br bang OH - Tai sao giai oan 2 co tac ong en

- HS tra li

* S lc c che phan ng the C V du: CH3 CH3 C Br + OH dung mopha cc i n CH3 Giai oan1: CH3 CH3 C Br CH3 CH3 CH3 C
+

- HS tra li

dung mopha cc i n

+ Br-

CH3 Giai oan2: CH3 + + OHCH3 C CH3 CH3 CH3 C OH CH3

- HS tra li 2/ Phan ng tach hidrohalogenua a/ Th nghiem: * Hien tng: - Dung dch Br2 b mat mau. - Xuat hien giot long khong tan trong nc * Giai thch: Ancol,t0 CH2 CH2 + KOH Br CH2=CH2 + KBr + H2O b/ Hng cua phan ng tach H

chieu chuyen dch can bang cua giai oan 1? - Khong phai tat ca dan xuat halogen eu the theo c che nay. C che phan ng phu thuoc: ban chat cua dan xuat halogen va ieu kien tien hanh phan ng. H2: Phan ng tach hidrohalogenua - T thc nghiem, ta xac nh c kh o la C2H4 - Hng dan HS viet san pham tao thanh 5 - Khi un 2-brombutan trong moi trng ancol. D oan san pham tao thanh? Giai thch? - Khi tach HBr trong 2brombutan ta co the tach Br cung vi H cua C bac I, hoac tach Br cung vi H cua C bac II. Nen ta se thu c 2 san pham. Ket qua thc nghiem cho thay but2-en chiem t le nhieu hn nen no la san pham chnh.Hng tach chnh ay la hng nao? 5

-HS viet san pham - HS d oan san pham va giai thch

HX CH2 CH CH CH3 + KOH H Br H ancol,t0 CH3 CH = CHCH3 (sa pha chnh) n m CH2=CHCH2CH3 ( sa pha phu n m )

+ KBr + H2O

- Quy tac Zai-xep: SGK - Hng tach tao ra san pham chnh la noi dung cua quy tac Zaixep. 3/ Phan ng vi Mg:

- HS tra li CH3CH2Br + Mg Br - HS tra li magie bromua Ete khan CH3CH2 Mg Etyl

Lu y: Phan ng the ankyl halogenua xay ra trong ieu kien kiem/ H2O,t0 con phan ng tach xay ra trong ieu kien kiem/ancol,t0 H3: Phan ng vi Mg - oc SGK: Cho bot Mg vao ietylete khan, khuay manh, bot Mg khong bien oi g.Chng to ieu g? - Nho t t vao o etyl bromua, khuay eu. Bot Mg dan dan tan het thu c dung dch ong nhat. Hien tng nay cho ta biet ieu g? - Dan xuat halogen phan ng c vi Mg trong dung moi ietyl ete tao ra san pham c magie. - Trong etyl magie bromua co lien ket C Mg nen no thuoc hp chat c kim ( hu c kim loai), kim loai la Mg nen no la hp chat c magie. - Lien ket C Mg la trung tam phan ng tac dung c vi nhng hp chat co H linh ong nh (nc, ancol) va CO2 H 4: ng dung - Yeu cau HS cho biet nhng ng dung cua dan xuat halogen - Treo hnh anh minh hoa ve ng dung

IV.ng dung: SGK

- HS tra li * Bai tap: Bai 5 trang 216 SGK a/ CH3CHBrCH2CH3 + NaOH H2O,t0 CH3CHOHCH2CH3 + NaBr b/ CH3CHBrCH2CH3 + KOH ancol, t0 CH2=CHCH2CH3 + KBr + H2O - HS thc hien CH3CH=CHCH3 (sa pha chnh) n m

cua dan xuat halogen. - Ben canh li ch con co mot so tac hai. H 5: Cung co - Cung co kien thc bang bai tap 5 trang 216 SGK.

IV.Rut kinh nghiem: GVHD duyet Tuy Phc, ngay 26/03/2010