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Lf`S e[e JXAe aXaXA - ` : 174-176

SRI JAYA DEVANKA BAISI PAHACHA
Treatise on Sri Jaya Dev & Translation of his Asthapadis in Oriya Poetic Form :
Sri Subhas Chandra Pattanayak of Tigiria.
First Print Edition: Bharata Bharati, Cuttack, 2005
First e-Edition: The News Sydicate, Bhubaneswar, 2007
Sri Saswat Pattanayak, Tigiria, Cuttack, Orissa, India.
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_ \m D]keZ je`, h S]a* JXA[ ja Lea`B j=[L
j*[e D`dN Le j dD NaiZ Nx eQ_ QfB eM\a c
]M\m [kL c^ c jk a_NXL cê `Bèm _k j=[L
j*[afe @a[eZ Le j jk _aue ]hD\m d S ]a
aake Le\a hvNXL a=f eQ jmb _k; è ja[ba
JXA eQjmb [* è [*e Hk [Sc \m c^ cfL c[
dD]_ j Hk ]MB\m j]_L Hk jc kB _ \m hi
`d Hk jc kB\m L _e Lf Hk cfL [ScL jc kaL
]B _ \m [k c SZ_ d] jc kB _ \a [a a d[L
mMkB\m j[L a \m @LV J @cm c[ JXh jeLe* j[
abN Hk @cm `m`VL [* c[ è [* Oe AZ Qe k[e
]B]m Qe am c HB\`B LkR d, [* Oe Aj\a ]mm
]aSc_*e HL @j` [mL j[af c[ cSc @^lL
]MB\m [ke NVH è XkZ`V Dè LZe Hk `m`VL
j[ _~hL _BR am `_jme mM\m j[ _~hL ba
dH \m j a]f kB je\m j HkL _B\m am `_jme
V`\a a \m SZ ckf j j[afL a]hL QmdB\m H
Db* `[ mM `mè `_ewe Leae c_ar a jkje mhc[
c ]Mm_ jk @^lL* `Me @_L ]_ è @ah ]Mm d jk
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aBh `kQ ` - 20
`_jm Vè jh[ j[ _~hL h S ]a* Dè ahe] SZ

AB.H.Hj. @$jeba èQ[ kDR LkL L'Z Lka? \e @ah
L\VL c `]e `LB\m ah jc]L h aetL ^f* _[[e
AS[ LaQt* S Dae j j[ _~hL LH am @^`L
S[t _eZ ]h h[cf b[e `h Le\m c [* _c jaj
`Z am Lk\m J `m`VL j $eBmZ L _k [k SZaL
d\ D]c kD am @_e^ a Le\m ak jk[L, jc]L J
`hjL jWe D`y[ \m jc_ d c L\ hZè _ \m [k
_k L L\V [ è a HadH La ANBèm _k JXA
j[ Dè _] kB `X\a HèL Lf`kX `ba [f LaQt
LfQeZ* _Sj cfL NaiZe mè` jk [* `Me c We dB
ekdB\a ]_au `p_L* ]bi L[ Qe`b a LD AX QmNm
L c S_y_ [NeAe L[L a d JXA @lee a=f bie
ba a Le _Se jej[ èj e aYBaL Q Le\ m [k ahb e[L
[NeA eS ]_Le\a `\NXL cê L[Le j D]keZ
je`, Nat ]j aeQ[ @ej _L aaeZ
[NeAe X ]a `j_ `p_L* ]e _AdB a=eSe
ah be[ aha ] fe `m` jNk fe @*e]Nc OVB\a `Q_
[f`[ `\c_* cê Hk @_[c j[e eQ[ Hk `\e ekR
a= bie `]e` [ke @_a] H\e Hk k ja kDR d
`Q_ Lfe ahi[ BeS Lafe `X `hj_L ee a=fc_*
iXde hLe kae akàe JXAc_ a=eSe Laf _S m`
`Qf[ Le\ m j[L _k, è a=bie mM JXh e jej[ L Lf`
jk a=fc_* èQ[ LeBaL a Q Le\m J jk Afe JXA
@le jk a=fc_* èQ L[L yfe c^ jca kB\m Hk
LeZe `Q_ JXA jk[ a=eSe ae mb Le\m JXh
d[af am[ Lafe `X _Se bNfL ju[ keBaj\m J
a=fc_ a]h* `[ A_N[ k[ ja^S_L y[e \m, j[af
Hke jdN _B ke `j] bpQd h* è a `Q_ JXA
jk[L `Q_ a=f jk[ am ]MBae mNNm
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aBh `kQ ` - 21
aw^ce `ZLt JXh

j_ 1859 S_Ae cje JXh èbcZ Le\a Rev.J. Long
aw ^ce cf D j`Le _`f, jkf J Q_e QfB\a @_^_e
SZ\m d j[afL be[e kt^ce ba ba_ amD\a Ha
[e cM ALiZ ba SN_\* êZ Le\a JXh k dN dN ê eS
`S _a hie \m aw ^ce `ZLt JXh e jc `S J eS_aN*
b[e aw ^c k jac_ kB ek\m HèL SN_\ j dD
ctee `S `D\m [k aw* cte ba a][ \m Ha [* cr
b[e 4\ h[v `d ek\m aw* ] Hk ]L j jc `B
[]__ Dre be[e eS^_ `V_L y_e[ LekB\m c^
èar Lfe [k `_ èL $eB @Z kB\m L 311
Mve akZa]c_* Lafe _e`] eMa`B JXhe HL eSL_
_S Laee HkL mQB jkf _BdB\m , LeZ akZc_* ]De
el `Ba`B awc_* `B Hk k kBDW\m Ahyf ("Antiquarian enquiries in Nepal, Ceylon and China show that the
Buddhism so noted in its regard for enlightening the masses and
opposing caste, was for ages predominant all through Orissa
both among rulers and the people, though Orissa be now the
garden of the Hinduism and Jagannath its Jerusalem. Even
Jagannath itself stands on the site of a Buddhist temple and
contained the celebrated tooth of Buddha, which was kept there
till the 4th century A.D.when it was carried for a short period to
Patna, the ancient Palibothra then the capital of North India. It
was soon after brought back to Puri, but on an invasion of the
country, it was conveyed in A.D.311 by a king's daughter concealed in her hair to Ceylone, which was then becoming a place
of refuge to the Buddhists from the Brahmin's rage."-Notes and
Queries Suggested by a Visit to Orissa in January 1859 by
Rev.J.Long:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1859, No.III,
Vol.XXVIII,pp.185-187)H\e SZ`X, aw ^ce `ZLt ba `Q_
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 22
be[ J be[aiL Aj\a èaSLc_ JXhL k SZ\m

j\`B _`f jk j`L
aw* S_y_ ba JXh k `Q_ _`fL SZ\m aw*
LtLe JXh k _`f jk j`L y`_ Le\m Hk j`L jcLc
Hè _aX kBDW\m d Ha c^ be[e LZj eS jk d]
_`fe _aX J `[l j`L @R [k km Laf JXh Ne]a
awk hSN_\(s_jw)[* @= cSZ `B _`feS Le `WBa
èè ekR Ha _`f _eh hSN_\* Rce JXhe NS`[
ckeS* jc[m `S`Z @^Le mbLe AjR Hke @_k[
ekj Ha `]L Aja DQ[ H\`B SN_\ afe [NeAe y_
AcL jkd Lea
DmM_ d, h SN_\aw* NY[r ele jan jk[
]B\a eS a eSahL JXh jcS ahi ahj`_ @^Le
`]_ ]e j_[ Le\m J Hk j_e cc Laf NS`[* NQeb[
kB ek\m NS`[*e Hk bcL [* aN[ as[]e jqf[
kD\m Ha `h[[ kB ek\m LeZ h SN_\* j`Le j`
N`_[ el JXA S[ `l \m [e @èkd S[ Lra
Hk LeZe h SN_\* jaL ba NS`[* è jan
`]ae ah_LcL @^Le kB\m JXhe l][c NXS[ [NeAe
eS be[ jk NXS[NXLe chZ kBda è chZ Qe jle
Le\a [NeAe @[ jbc_ hi eS l[ aeae aSeS Qc`[
jk ck`[ Hk @^Le j[ aS_ LeR; LeZ [* c[e Hk @^Le
[NeA eS* D`m \m, eS`] è[N Le\a LZj a* _k
Hk j c[ _S LkR L B[kj Hke jl kB ekR d j k
\m JXhe NS`[* `RL h SN_\* jan jaL hcte MjXe
Ld_ak aayL ]B bNe jy[ LedB\m `hj_ J ja[
ja[*e ]B `Le hZ abN \m: MVZ ja[ J LW ja[
Hk ]a^ ja[ ak hM `hMe ab \m c[ `hj_e LZj
hZ abN _ \m Hke cM^`[ \m Laf eS (NS`[) [*
è y_ `B\m aX èR aX èR* `RL eSNe* y_(Temple
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aBh `kQ ` - 23
administration: The Cult of Jagannatha by K.C.Mishra, Calcutta,

1971,p.127 ) Ha Hk aX èR \m Laf [NeAe eS (Tigiria
State/History: Orissa Feudatory States by L.E.B. CobdenRamsay) Xc`X eS* èS[ Leae JXh jcV* jkd Le\ae
[* Hk ah_LcL `]a ]AdB\a L\ dk H\e DmM @R [k
NkZdN _k LeZ Xc`X HL eS _ \m a*L mN Hk \m
HL l]]`l] NX JXh jcV* aewe Hk dw OiZ LeaL
jkj Leae a jca_ _ \m Hè HL m NXL èb[ Leae
JXh jcV* Laf [NeA eS k jkd Le\a J j\`B [*
JXhe eSNe* `]cd]We ckre cd] cf\a J jk `]cd]L
ah_Lc j afare eMèae @^Le `B\a ahj LedB _
è [* LkL Hk ckk `]a cf\m [ke [\ S_jMe c
àe eMR cNm a]jk* mm` ]e h SN_\* mQB eMa`B
[NeA eS dD @__ bcL _ak Le\m [ke j_e [* Hk
CiZ `]cd] cf\m (h jbi Qt `p_L: _MS hSN_\*
y _aj [NeA, ja], 2351997)
WL Hk è HL bcL _ak Le\a k[ _`f eS* h
SN_\* Rce NS`[* jcLl j[^Le c^ cfR h SN_\
dk[ aw J aw* c[]h ^j LeaL ]aa]c_ dk[ D]N
QL QfB\m jk[ jk y[e aw* j[e à[[ ele _~
bcL _ak Le Ha `jw Qeh `We jwQdc_* A[N`_
LeaL jkd Le _`f eS h SN_\* ah jaL ba jL[
kB\a _jtk
è`lL ahiZ Hk k jQH DN`x ]aa]c_ aw*
à[ S_y_ ba_hey L`fa ( @^_ L`fhe )L Lf @à[
Le`LBa Hk be _`fe [eB @qfe aw* S_ jQL HL cm`
e`Z Leae _`fe LZj HL (@]a^ @s[) eS jkd _
Le\m Ha j\`B j _ JX A S[e L[s[e @^Le
kBDW\m è Ac ]Ma, DN akZa] Lhe eS* ]e
667 SZ j\ aw j^L _ k [ k m è Qe h^ce A]
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aBh `kQ ` - 24
jwQdc_* ]h_^Le jwc_ Lè A[N`_ Le ek\ m jc_*

]ke L[Lh _`fe cf\ae kBdBR L, _`f k
jc_* Hè A[N`_ Leae jkd Le JXhe L[s[ @S_
Le\m Hk L[s[e Qk je` è LZj aw_e NS`[ _`f
_eh* Hk j_S_L @^Le ]B\a j_[ [ _ km, H[
eS* b[e Laf _`feS k LkL SN_\-aw* @e= jaLe
cd] `Bè\ ? _`f eS J JXh NS`[* Hk Aì
aTcZ `j[ `]l` èar Lfe @ah aw* S_ arL
ab Le ]BR , L H[~e aw* `L[ S_y_ JXhe L`fhe d
DN`x ]aa]c_* AM AYAfe akLf _e`] ekè\m
H\e jtke @aLh _k
Qeh jwQd JXhe
aSd_ [re ckà JXhe Qeh jwQd* Lè j^c
RX _`fe A[N`_ LeaL kB\m [e jQ_ ]AdBR è
[ke AmQ_ Lea Hc_* k[ _`fe J [z[e aw ekje
`jeZ OV\m Hk JXA jwQdc_ Qeh jw ba aM[
awl[ LZL `Me Qeh _cL HL Nc @R aw[e
Ae^ aek HWe @^[ aw[ aw* keL _ce _c[ Le\a
af keL* h ba aek j`S[ aSd_ ahi[ LcaSd_e
@_[c jLt \m Hk y_ j\`B Hk y_e jL \a jw
j^Lc_ Nehi Dre^Le j[e Qeh jwQd ba `Lr[
dc[ JXhe jcV* JXh jcV a [NeAe eS* [NeA eS
am LkkD\m, jc[ QehNc a `We jw AQdc_* Qeh
jwQd amk LkkD\m èe `[[ ka àe Ne]a aw*
jwQd hae`] HkWe A]aje c[-c]fe jc_[ Le\m
Ha Qeh jw HkL @_c]_ Le HkWe k `S Le\m h
Btb[ HkWe Hkè ba aw[ aNk* Ne]a aw-SN_\ am
_ce Le aSd_ àr_ Le\m J j eS kB\a k[ @Qe Hk
JXh e eS^ce e` [ kB je JXh kBDW\m [e `Nhf
Ne]a aw Qeh jw* ]e c[-c]fe Hè jc_[ kB\a
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aBh `kQ ` - 25
k[ h SN_\* @aa Qeh à Hk Qeh `bae è` h

S ]a [* mf[ @`]NXLe eê e[QL D`y`_ LeaL dB
jc] Qeh \e k _Le _cmM LeR Hk ALjL _k,
BoL[ [* S_qfe QehWe aLh[ ]h_[r A`ZB j Hk
LeR
_`fL QmdB\a jwQdc_* cê 23 SZ* eQ_
h k[Bmaf jNXL jWe j[af Qeh jw* eQ_
ba M[ \m jNXL JXA eQ_ SZ a ct c[ma eM j [
jNXL a=f bie A] eQ_ am `Qe Le]m c[ [ke
mMLc_ jc_* cf _aje _c_je d Qeh jw ba jM[
\m [k [ [* SZ _\m $fe QehL HL jM ba _B j
dD bm LeNm [k ja LeaL d\ d jk jwc_* a=f
am j Le\a ]a jc_* j`Le [*e j` @s[ek D[
kB\m
http://orissamatters.com/news/index.php/2002/12/09/
doha/ e Hk [\ `\c\e`B D_Q[ kBjeR Hk jwQdc_
_S c[bi JXAe ab_ N[ J ]k eQ_ Le (AdQdQ, X

LeZLe Le) be[e ab_ y_e aw ekj `Qe Le\m _`fe
c^ akZa]c_* Sk] ba Ld Le\a Lhe eS* awk__
@bd_e 667 SZ `jw awhcZ _k[ ka è 85SZ Qeh
jwQd A[N`_ Le\m jk jce Hc_ a Hc_* b[e
Lk Lk _`fL `f_ Le\a @[ jbaL _`fe Ah _B\a
jwQd c_ c_ `LB `LB _S _S j\ jwQdc_* eQ[
]kNXL `LV Le\a jbaL Ha Hk k[ _`fe Hk ]kNXL
Qeh jwQd* ]k ba c_[ `B\a jbaL HNXL màw
\a HL `\ @Lj[ `BdB HNXL JXA bie am SZ c^ ke
`j] bpQd H ja a= bie A] eQ_ am `Qe Le]m
am[ Ne* jk a=f* QLeA j`L H\`B [* jkL km
L B[kj ab kBNm dè S ]a* l[e kBR
Hè @`Lc jc_ Lm LkL? L'Z Hke cf LeZ? Hk cf
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aBh `kQ ` - 26
LeZ ]Mda _k[ ]eLe LeZ cf LeZ _ \B LZj @`Lc

kH_ j[e Hke cf LeZ b[eL c A`Z* _Bda
c[ [ àe HL aN[ LeZ eMa c `B @èkd
ce Ah* d c dk mMaL dDR [k a=f auc_* cê
dDc_ AqfL]ij`_ jc_* c_eQL ka _k Ha c[
a=f ae^ c_baj`_ a am kH[ jc_ jcmQ_ Lea
j\`B c `\c LkeMaL Qk d c a=f a]i _k
a=fc_* b[e L[L* `Me c ASa_ FZ hc[ @_e^
ai*e c ^c`[ j c[ H[ jk ]BR d c d] [* Nbe
S_ kB\ HkWe @^L jk d `B\, [ _k hc[ mlc
jeLe*e c ^c[ bB ha* am`[mNe a[Lc kBè,
c[ el ]ae mlc La a[Lc Le _k mlc ce e
j`L è _aX jk` e ckc ai hbt Qt ce bZSSB
]maj ]`_[ el[ ce ^c bZS d[ `S_ c k]e
_b[[c y_e Aj_ kB ekR jc_* cê @R LVLe @hLZ
jk B[] B[] @[Ha c a=fa]i _k c[ B[kje
k] _ \H j[e LZj aRaQe _ \H j[e j[_ju_
af aRaQe Lea a c `l @jca [Z LZj aRaQe _ Le,
LkL AO[ mNa L _ [ _B aa[ _ kB, B[kje Ak_e, LD
cfLeZ k[ L[L a=f `Q_ JXA awN[NXL [\ h S
]a* a=`B A[j[ Lea è @`Lce m [k c LkaL dDR
Ci
Hk @`Lce cf LeZ km `Xh jmb Ci JXh jk [f_
kaè a=fe LZj y`[ , hd J jk[L I[k _ \m L
Hke Dr= aLh OV\m JXhe JXhe LZL \m , \m hcte
JXhe MNe-^DfNe \m , \m eSeZ cte JXhe m=eS
\m , \m cOhe JXhe amhe \m , \m aLhe JXhe
jcmhe \m , \m hef JXhe aeS \m , \m acf
JXhe keè \m , \m ecè-TeAf JXhe @jeNX \m ,
\m hh`fNX JXhe MQ \m , \m cktNe JXhe mf[Ne
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 27
\m ,\m e[Ne JXhe ja[ j[e ah èa kB ek\m

JXhe _Sj _[ hf \m , \m _Sj a] hf JXhe _Sj
Laê \m, \m _Sj j=[ h<f Hè aba a=fe _ \m
be[ j[L JXh ]B\m NZ[ L, ]B\m aw*
IL[r , ]B\m aw^ce `N[L j[ - aSd_ be[e B[k je
jah y_e @^Le dD dw , QhL `l`Ve dk Lf=
ckjce ba M[, [ke dh^h \m Laf JXA S[
JXhe `jedB\m aw]a* jk[ J he ar be[e
ja[ Ha be[ akeL Hk `Xhc_* `B JXhL CiZ
Le[f\m
JXhe HL _Sj bi \m dk `m ba a][ `m \m
[]__ JXA bi aw]a [*e Hk c[bie k _Se c[]h J
aZ `]_ Le\m J Hk bie k aw ^ce h J jk[ eQ[ J
èa kB\m Sc_e `jw `Q[rar a]_ kec_ JmX_aN
[* j`][ a_`VLe cMaue Hk jLe Le LkR d jkfe
aw ^c `Qe[ kB\m dD `mbie [k \m Lf=e bi
`Xhc_* `l H I[ke ]a]e ka @jca Hk k \m jc_*
N[]ke LeZ
j[e a]h mL* jk k[ cfB JXhe @_ LeaL J
a]h h jk[e JXh Dè A^`[ ae LeaL jc_ j[[
Q[ \m Ha Hk k[ cjmc_ cNm* @_ar kae jc_
dc[ ANA \m, am[ Ne* LcQe jS jkc_* jk[e
JXhe ja_h LeaL jc[ [è a \m
B[kje jk `d
a=fc_* Cie `[ kaè ja NZ J aba JXAc_*e
\m B[kj Hke jl JXAc_ cjmc_* @^_y a= eS
Dè ALcZ Le, jWe _Se A^`[ d ae Le\m [k B[kj
jlee màw Le eMR a= jke ba a]ê* HLafe
`Lr[ Hk ALcZ Hè [a \m d je be[e LDW km
cjmc_c_ Hè a`de jM_ kB _ \m am cjc jce
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aBh `kQ ` - 28
a=m B[kj c^ jLe LeR d\-Tughral Tughan Khan was

no doubt out-generalled by the king of Orissa who had drawn
the enemy far away from their frontier and must have concealed
more than one surprising party along the whole route of the
enemy's advance. A greater disaster had not till then befallen
the muslims in any part of Hindustan. The Muslims, says Minhaj
[the historian Minhaj-i-Siraj who had also joined the war that
was, to him, a 'holy war'], sustained the overthrow, and a great
number of those holy warriors attained martyrdom.(The History
of Bengal, Muslim period, 1973, Dr. K. R. Quanungo,pp.48-52)
B[kj aece jLe LeR d JXA j_e ALcZe a=fe
da_ ak_ ReMe kBdB\m c[cML WmkBdB\a da_
j_L J j_`[c_* `[c_* @h-a_e jc_* AMe LSfê
^BkBdB jo jmf N=e ch [e Sfehe Hè Lfe=
be]B\m d c_ kD\m, j[ dc[ [k N= _k , dc_ !
d\eYaet da_ __&_hèZ ]ea_ah[ Lfch
[] a`fc LeZ[_e=
N=` __ dc_ dc_^_b[
(`P1, N= jcSe [cbmM, Orissa Historical Research
Journal,Vol.V, No.1,p.29ff)
@[Ha , a=fc_ cjmc_ hj_L A]e _B\aaf
JXAc_ jc_* Lè èk[ Le\m [k Db cjmc_ J kt
B[k j jLe LeR B[k je Hk jL[ JXA
c_* aew e a=fc_*
N[]ke \m @_[c LeZ
a= jkee `s`L \m LZL
B[kjar `$je L Qt `ZNk* c[e, a= jkee
jeL ba m=f _ejk ]a _cZ LeB\m LZL (NarasimhaI began his campaigns against Muslim Bengal in 1243 A.D. His
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aBh `kQ ` - 29
victory over the Muslims of Bengal and his acquisition of the

southern districts of Western Bengal must have enormously raised
his prestige in the eyes of the contemporary Hindu Rulers, and
augmented his resources, which in all likelihood enabled him to
undertake the construction of a stupendous structure like the
temple of Konark, designed to exhibit his power, prestige, opulence, devotion and perhaps to commemorate his victory also".History of Orissa, K.C.Panigrahi, 1981, pp.413-14) Hk _jtk
j[
Hk c^ _jtk d @S JXA S[e ada Awe Hk
HL LfS e`L Indian Sculpture and Painting `Le WL
Hk k LkR kbm (Havell) [* c[e HW dc[ JXA y`[e
`[aw _kZe $VDWR jc [S[ jk [e @L[b ]h`c
$V DWR h[ jkee A[[ , $V DWR aSe ]` Hk c[e
d\\[ ]MR `$je `ZNk LZL @he `][f êh
kB`X\a Ha LZL NSeSe LaSe @jk @aye \a hhf
h[e M][ `[cre Hk hhf h[ k a=fe èk[ da_ hjL
B~_ [Om [O_ M a [] LZj j_`[e `[L am NkZ Le
`$je `ZNk kbm* c[ d\\ am DmM LeR ( "Havell
truely says that this sculpture expresses with as much fire and
passion as the greatest European art -the pride of victory and
the glory of triumphant warfare"-History of Orissa, p.415)
LZLe ^jahi Ha d] a]c_ _ \ [a Lakm
ahj Le k@ _k d je be[ J ahi[ `Xh a= eS
cjmc_c_* ]e Laf[ J m}[ kD\aaf JXh [e ck]^
jb[ @l eM\m Ha [Ae Le\m ahe Hk @][ cte dke
]O ae ai jc a[ kBè\m _e
LZL L Laf H[L _k
JXA hd-ade `[L Hk LZL L Laf H[L _k
HkWe @^L Hk Laf aS J abae jLe D]OiZ _k, Hk
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aBh `kQ ` - 30
m=f _ejk ]a* ]h`c J ]h_[re HL @__jêZ _]h_

e^L HL e`L ba _B aw aSd_ ]h_e dD è`LeZ
OVB\m h S ]a, [ke `^_ aw`B m=f _ejk ]a*
jQ[ `je Hk HL è`r AmM H\e aNk aNk be kB
ekR SZ ]h`c e_[se ]e]
DN akZa] J [_[ aaic aewe jêZ S_jcSe
\a aee mb DWB a]hN[ cjmc_c_ be[e _Se `ba
ae Lea J _S ^c `jeZ`B jdN @S_ Le\a @_ba Le JXA
S[ _S bMe aaic ae^ aw ^ce `_ `[ `B
jQ[_ D]c Le\m Ha [ke `Nhf ba Hk LZL N[e
jkSd_ ]h_e èV_ a Le\m JXhe am` ck]^ jb[e
`_SNeZ `B `Q Le\m m=f _ejk ]a Hke c^ce
LZL `bae DN akZa] JXhe j*Q[ kB dB\m
Ha a-aice c kB jcN JXA jcS HL ju J jjk[
jcSL h jO ba Db kB\m $f[ be[e @_[ S[AZ
aRaQe ]e AL kB ILk_ y[e \a S_jcSL Ler
LeaL cjmc_ @_àhLec_ jlc kD\aaf aw `ba
k[ a a]i èke Le\a JXA jcS b[e Hk LZj jkL
`Bè _ \m
be[e Bjmc ^ce Lae `B akZa] Lè ]
[k SZaL Lhe jkd Le Lhee d cjmc_c_ jM
Ne kB hie Lhe `[c_* jc_* bVcVe [X]BR
[e cfe ekR jk `[c_* DN akZa] eS[e=Z `Lr[
Lhe jcSe @[f_ j_`[ [\ `^_ @c[ aw_N[ ckae
[=* eS* _ce eS]eaeL XLB jWe `Re mQ [* he{]
Le Hc_ jW S[AZ aRaQee Hè da DV[ Ske Le\m
d [ke @[ mL è d[af S[aQek_ cjmc_ ^ce
èQ `Bm jc_ [k e dN ]B akZ a]c_* aew e cjmc _
hL jkd Le\m akZa] k[ be[e jk jcN @he @âj
aeZ Le_m cjmc_ ^c Ha [k Hè `[h^ èZ ba d
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 31
hie [k `Ly_ kBNm be[e ekdB\a Lhe eSe

@ahh Lè @R J jWe L'Z ja QmR [k [ N`_ _k
@ah be[e a cjmc_ ^c ][ y_e ekR Hk Laf
akZa]c_* k[ jc_ d] jêZ mL* Dè S[AZ
@[Qe Le _ \, cjmc_ ^c La a be[e j`je[ kBè
_ \
cjmc_ ALcZLec_ akZa] lc[af aewe\a
S_ @jie jdN _B be[cVe k _Se jkL jNk Le
è\a @_ba Le\m JXhe jdN jcV _ejk ]a [Z
akZa]e hkj j j_[ Le\m JXA bMe Ha H\`B
aaicae^ aw ^cL [e jaS__ jkSd_ hfe `_ j]Y
Lea `B j jaa^ `]l` _B\m J y`_ Le\ m jkSd_e S[L r
LZL
a=f jm[_* Lafe a=bce dD @qf m=f _ejk
c Le\m [k M.@.1253e ]m a]hk* ]e @ah be[e ja
è `Q][ cjmc_ ak_ `_]Mm LeaL jlc kB\m c^
1568e cNm A^`[L da `d ]O 315 ai ê JXh _Se
jabc cd] @l eM\ m Hk k \m h S ]a* `càuNXL e
Ha [ke hL èV_ LZLe Ha [k c^ce `je[ kB\a
m=f ]h_e Lec[
m=f ]h_
`V M [* @e ]ae[ m&è Tmek\a k[ j
m=f _ejk ba M[ \m am dk hZaL cf [k [* @jm
èQL èar `YWe mQBeMa `B akZa]c_*e HL Lhf
dDc_ LZLL ^j Le]BR jc_ LZLe jLr*e Hk
abLe èQ a j LeR
_ejk ]a dè @[f_ ae \m jè \m SZ
@__jêZ ]h_L [* m=f `]ae k [* ]h_e èQ ju
kB ekR @[ jlè Ac [k ]Ma
A]c JXAe bie m HL hv dkL LkdH MZ[ MZ[
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 32
HL L a ^[a NS dke cV Mf c& `[\m c_a S__

A]c dNe, m=f J kfe èj S_ àe c S_yf [Ne A
e h@ec_
bB Mfè\a NSA aXML Lk m J ^[a NSL Lk mk
Hk mk m=fe mN am Qi kH me N[ Mfm k [ke Qe
e`Z jca kH j\`B JXAe [L LkdH NR mNN[ Mf
c& mNBm dk[ cA `\ $jm jLe jk[ N[Mf d m
JXA hvLie `\ae aSc ba a[ (ak[ JXA @b^_:
aa a]_\ `Y, $j àhj : 1993: `-1190) Hk m ]MaL
` S__t è a[ ` S__tL _Lm LedB me ALe L_
LedB\a jca Hk me m=fe j m=e a m=f dk[ bc
b[e `h [L ak_ êZ LeB\H jk[ èie dD @= _ee
[_e àh Le [L NbêZe jkd Le [L LkdH m= Hk
`LL LkdH m= j[e m=e @\ c\_(Sanskrit-English Dictionary: V.S.Apte) c\_LeL LkdH m=L (Ibid) j[ bie
m=f J m= jc\aQL m= a c\_ k[ - è kD a ake
kD - j jca kH am dD ]h_ _e`Z Le\H [k m= ]h_
Hk m= ]h_e @_arc_ \m m=f @\[ m=fc_ \m
c\_a] c\_a] a]a] We b_ a]a] Lra]e L\ Lk
jLr ak BoLe j bABR am Lk Lra] ]kL LeZe
j OVa L\ Lk c\_a] Lra] cZi jb[L ]ar Le
eMaL Qk c\_a] c[e jb[ ]ar _k, mLr aw
mLr jcS aay Dè Ne[ ]B\m j[e awa]e `N[L
]h_ ba LcaSd_ c\_a]e è`LeZ Le\m Hk ]h_e HL
àrL `W \m m=f (m=X) awake dke ^jahi Ha dSè
_LVe @a[ kB mLmQ_L AjR amhe Sme m=X NcWe
a `Q_ awLrc_ @a[ kmZ JXh b_ @_ LDW m=X
aw`W a S_`] _k Hk HL`l aw* S_y_ ba JXhe ah
Dè AmL`[ Le\a af @è`l aw* k[ JXhe LiLkLe
dD ]h_LLeZ OV\m [ke c^ jQ_ ]DR m=f _ejk ]a
Hk m=X awc[e @_ar, @â J `Q]L \m Ha jk LeZe
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 33
a][ \m m=f _ejk ba

j mLr aaye `_e[\_`B J [~e akZa]e
aa]i jcS[re `[Le Le JXA jcSe jcSL ILe jel`B
h S ]a* èèL ba Db kB\m JXhe @_mQ[
ck]^ jb[e ]h_ k Db S ]a J m=f _ejk ]a*
QêL `ba[ Le\m
keL* Aaba
Hk ck]^ jb[ hw]_`[* dè awe e` e[ Le\ m ,
aw aSd_e aLh OVB aw* jè e`[ Le\m keLe
aw^c \m j`[ awLtL j[e [* @arc_e aw_Ncc_
Oe j*Ve jM_ kB\m a]a]c_* ALcZL `[k[ Le
jc_* A]hh Le eMae jk[ ]a`B awQdc_ j
Le\m h_a] Q[_ h_ e` jaa` kBdBR aw - Hk
k @_eZ[ kBDW\m Hk Q[_e L a]L jcSa]e j`jeZ
eLa`B a jc_* ]h_L [re jM_ ka`B Hk d\ _
\m a]a] ]ac \m Ha a]_jeZ ]e Bkmf jceZ Le
c_i _S D`j ]a[* ^cL d\ jNL a aLL dB jMe eka
a ècak* We m_ kB cl @S_ Leae `[h[ \m h_a]
Hè LZj ^ce jQ_ a cle `[h[ ]Bèm _k _ jN
_àN a _a[èmLL @\[ jN _k, _L _k a èmLN[
A[ am LR _k - Hè d[ as_j[ _w eZ \B c^ j` jeZhf
a]L jcSa]e jcSL d\oQe ]e AL jêZ cZie @jk
c_ Hk j[ Dè _be Le _ è _e Ahe ]ah kaL a^
km J [~e _S aewe _S aaica]L ]Yb[ Leae
mNm
aw* @_Ncc_* `l Hk \m HL aic j*V Hk j*Ve
@`jeZ `B JXhe ([Lf_ J_ eSe) eS Btb[ aSd_
`wr y`_ Lm Ha @amf Lc @arc_ aw* e`L ba Aaba
OVm keL*e _S _DV[e=L _S ale NkZ Le [e jcN
jrL _S ahf jre j`[ _c[ LeBè\a jc]e _aX _fb
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 34
eè @amc_e keL* e` km _fL Ha [* Qe[e N>[

km cl][e jc h Lfe he` aSaek* êZ Le
LL keL LcLtL j [re D ba dè Db km, `Ze
èc ml J cle hi j[ ba c^ jkè Aab[ km j d
\m a]L akZ a] aew e JXA
S[e S[ ae e [l [c è` L h
[k [* ei Li[ L_f eè Ha NVH k[e ak* c LV
Le TmB ê\a ]he ah @_ba
[* _ce `[V @le h_[ Ha [[jk h_ j=ce `[L
ba Nk[ kaS[ MjXe k @\ ^ch_[, e @\ jrh_[
Ha L @\ h_ jk h_[e j=cS_[ è`[ a]e ak* è
[*e Qe cM L [k Qe ]N, Qe jc]e `[L Sf jk Sfê
@_k[ c\_e Lf[[ Lhf[e ar j[ @a Hk Qe cMe _jt[!
j j LfQL QLjce akZa]e j` am`_ k [*e D~h
jB\`B [*e NVH k[e ak* LV c J @_ HL k[e HL
hZ[ `[(http://www.khandro.net/deity_chakrasamvara.htm )
@[Ha, aw* [e^_ è DN akZa] cMa]_ Le dè
Ac jcSL jk[L ^j LeaL aj\m [L `[k[ Lea`B ja jw
][ SN_\aw*e [\ cl ][ keL e` aw*e `S `wr `Qf_
km
akZa] d] `SbrL \m Ha aSd_ d] Hkèba `S
`wr Aec Lm [a `\cWe ][ b_ km Lè? @\_[L
aay J jcSL ]b=L LtLe Hk Db `w[ èeWe b_
`[aw[k_ @\_[ akZa]e cfbr be[e Ad^ce
`Nj[ km akZa] Adc_ \m ddae Ha jk[ LZj
y_ `[ J [ke jcf `[ jc_*e LZj `[aw[ _ \m D`mb
c_a jcfL jc_ _S j\ j^_`B d~o hiZ LeaL aN\m
J Hk hiZL aâw LeaL LfLc a aay `Q][ Le\m
Ha HkL ahc ^ce _c ]B\m hcLc_* h] am Lk jc_*
j`r @S_ Lea a j`r jq Lea @^Lee aq[ LeB\m Ha
jcSL ]j[ e e ah_Lc L jc_* aueM a e aay ` Le\ m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 35
Hk j`[[ j[e aM @_ahL

Nat Nfcf
^c _ce Hk OZ a aay AS 2005 Mve Hk [eMe
a Lè hcSae Sa_e @ue be be QmR [k è ]Ma Ha
Laf H[L LkdBè d, be[e A]c @âjc_*We y _aje
ckr aTa `d N`f_ \m jc_* Sa_êZe cM c^c
jc_* `B ^_e @\ \m Ne jc_*`B Ne k \m N^_
N^_ ` Dè jc_ jaW @^L Ne[ ]D\m N^_ kjm
`B Adc_* cê jOi a OV\m Lc^_ `B ah J ahc[*
cê OVdB\a aa] LD è Z `WL* a SZ _k? eS ]` ]*We
NVH NC AZaL D]c Le a$f kae `[h^èZ ]ZQd
Lè _Se h aw`B Le eSah jk j`L y`_ Le\m J @ahie
Lea [\ àc_* Lè Ne ]lZ aa[ ]`]* au AZaL
àrB\m [k ckbe[e LD `WLL a @SZ? aeV eS* N^_
m_`B bi, ]Z, L, L`Qd `cM* jkde ]d^_e D]c
akZa] jcSe N^_ _behf[e @_[c _]h_
a] D`_i]e ab_ yfe N^_ ``B aN[ ]e `X
èi`^_ ja Lea`B d_ jjNe L @^_ Le eMaL
_]h ]B\a RtND`_i] [~e N^_aw ka am Lk\a
ahi [`d` Hk c[e kLe (LZj L XLa), à (j=c
`B àrBa), D\ (jk jk hBa), `[ke (jk Dè
AekZ Lea, _^_ (ad al` Lea)-d_ jjNe Hk `qa^
`ZfL c_ dD a LZj jk j=c Le j `[ j=ce j_
D`_ Le, Sa_e `Lf D`bN Le, ]OSa kH, ak j_e
S_L, ak N^_e cmL kH, dhj kH (He who knows thus this
Vamadevya Saman as woven upon copulation comes to copulation, procreates himself from every copulation, reaches a full
length of life, lives long, becomes great in offspring and in cattle,
great in fame: R.E.Hume, Thirteen Principal Upanisads, Oxford,
1921-ii.13)
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 36
j=c ]e LZj We Nb^_ LedBè Hk aT kDR

c[ H[~e N^_ mb Lè jca-Hk aT kD_ j[e Hk jce
[`d L'Z?
j jce y[ @_^_ Lm Hk [`d kBdH Adc_*
@\_[ jk SX[ jcSL ]b=e Hk HL èQL
àe Lk kBR d jc_* A\L jcf \m N^_ Sa_
êZe c^c \m N`f_ dD akZ @^L N j`]e @^Le
[* jcce jk ja^_ LekD\m Njc a NjB ba @^L
N^_`B Qe XL[e a jc_ a`[ ek\m Hk Lde
_bedN jkdLe `Ba`B Ha S=m b[e Ne QeB jc_*
SNeM Lea`B jc_*e @^L jML A[`l mLaf AahL
kD\m Hk mLaf aw`B jc_ @^L j_ Qk\m Ad_e
h[`[e S__ kaL ae cN\m dD d[ @^L `[ S_ Lm
Ha dke `[ d[ @^L `[b J ]~ km j j[ j_[
kD\m NVH c[ `[ \a ]Z j @ ahe] kB c^ NCVH
`B ]`]* `Me k[ `[BaL `X\m @\Q ^[e*e hk `[
\a k[ jk `[c_ aeV* eS Dè ALcZ Le\m [* N^_
m_ Lea`B
b_ ba Lkm @^L N^_ `B akZa] Ad @^L `[
j_ AahL Le\m Hk j_ [L _e jjNe cfae \m jk[
_eL @^_ Le d[è_ @^L `[ `ja`B a^ Le\m
akZa] @[Ha j_`B _k, N^_ `B k jjN AahL
\m _e jcN Le, [~e @^L j_ D`_ Le J jc_* jkde
@^L N^_ @Ae Le -Hk k Dè jce [`d H\`B d
LZj L jcN Lea Ad èie @^Leb am Oi[ kBR
"One should never abstain from any woman". (Ibid) è Ac
]Ma ]k ]_`B @c= _eL îZ LeaL akZ h Lè _~h
]BR
`[a]e èj e^
èi j Le Ha j_ j`B d LZj _eL j jcN
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 37
Leè - Hk k \m Ad jcSe jcSL ]b= èi`^_c\_ \m Hk ]b=e _dj Ha Hk ]b= akZa] jcSe
N^_jaj @\_[ ]e èj J è` kB\m h S ]a Hk
]b=e êL a]fB]aL D]c Le\m _e`^_-c\_e e`L
ba e^L jLe
jef ejf hfe j N\[ Le\m eê e[QLe N\
èi`^_ j[re aè[ [r _e`^_ j[r Dè Ne[ ]B\m
Neh aw è aSd_ J jkSd_ Hk [re `N `wr ba
aLh DW\m aw* S_cV JXhe JXhe ck]^ ` Le\m Hk
j[rL
ck]ê D]N[ Sfe [e= afbc DèL Aj `Z jk
ck]^ `[ `â[ kB dè [ ale chdH, WL jkè @_k[
j `Le èj Sa-jr jk èc `LL $e [kL Fwc
Le jcS-Q[_ jcSe D]N[ kB `_e $eQm\H jcS
alL LeZ [kk [ke jL[e cfê h S ]a Sa_ QLe
Hk @_k[ mfL Aê Le j Le\m e^* e[QLe N\ dk \m
ja\ _e`^_ c\_e HL hh[ hve`
afbc ale O_ _f ck]ê al D~he `â[ hb
$_f Sfe ê S ]a* a_e kBdB\m e^ ( ê - ^
Ha e -mDV Nm af e Ha ^ - e^ ka Ha [e e= Ne k
ka jbaL ) Ha Hk eê jr êZLr O_ _f ck]^ k
[*`B \m L_f Lfaej`_ aw keL, dk* ke ba j
D`y`[ Le\m
DmM_ d h S ]a [* eQ[ àuNXLe _Le _c
84 ae _B\a af [ke 52 ae _BR Laf NVH _c ; [k
km ke j \e km Nat _c ê _k @\Q 52 \e DmM
LeR ke _c keL yfahie keL ba a jc^[ kB\,
LeZ jae `Ze keZLe kDR j k h S ]a dD Lc
`VLèe @âj \m [ke cMy_ Lece cf\a `Q_ aw
aNkc_* cê @R keL y_ mL Hk keL* Ha a ^c
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 38
a jd am Lk ("One of these figure is identified with 'Heruka'.

Local people call this image as 'Dharma' [the Sun God]": 'Kuruma:
A lesser Known Buddhist Site of Orissa: S.K.Rath, Orissa Review, April 2005) aw aPce aw k keL Ha keL jd*e
@_ HL _c kB\a af akZ jk[e jd*e jL[ _c [mLe
ekR ke Hk k[ , keL a keL a]fe h S ]a ke hv
aake LeR dk j=[L[ ]e Laf d\\ kBR [ _k,
awae^c_* `[e[ Le Hk jkSd_ jk[e j`jeZe c^
akZa]c_ dè jkL ka [`B `\ jNc LeR
è [k ]Ma arc_ `B H[L d\ d h S ]a _S
eQ_e ke hve a`L aake Le\a af Nat hv \eL`B a
aake Le _ \m Nat hv dk[ Njc a NjB* aTD\m
J Hk dk[ akZa]e èQL \m jk[ j BoLe Hk hv
aS_ Le\m _S S_yfe j_LVar jc]L Nbe ba @_^_ Le
Sf J Sfê _eao_ j=ce Sa_QLe ekj jth_ Le Sa_e
aLh J ame Hk @a_he `LL j D`y`[ Le\m Sa_ aBhV
àue, aw LcaSd_e HL jkL jk[ ba Hk HL ]h_[rL
Aê Le m=f _ejk èL_ Le\m LZL ctee Ha [
c^ce Hk ]h_L @^L Fwc Le\m
e^ J ck]^ jb[
Hk ]h_ [r be\m JXA c_e @L[b[ , LeZ Sajre
hi èZ[ d ècjre jcNc S_[ è`r - Hk j Hk\ek
hM\m j[e, _bL JXA _aL @_ ]Naf h ck]^ ale
_a cm ]Nafe èèe L'Z \Bè [e ju_ _B\m Ha
ac, cf, Sb, jc[, aZJ `b[e _S jb[ jy`[ Le\m
B[kje be kBdB\m Hke @Sj `cZ D]keZ[
hl[ ace JXAc_ y`[ Le\a `Q_ D`_ahe _c eM\m
hl[ ( "The ancient name attributed to old Prome is Srikshetra,
so often mentioned in the Mon records as Sikset or Srikset, and
by the Chinese pilgrims as Si-li-cho-ta-lo; and Srikshetra is the
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 39
holy land of Puri on the ancient Kalinga coast." Brahminical Gods

in Burma: Dr. Nihar Ranjan Roy)
jè cf J Sbe `[[ `Q_[c D`_ahe y`_Lr
\m c^ JXAH ("Likewise the earliest colonization of the
Malaya Peninsula and Java had probably been made from Kalinga,
for the Hindus of the Peninsula and the islands were and are still
known as Kling." - Ibid)
JXA Lf J y`[ j`je[ kBdB\m jk jc _A
D`_ahNXL ("The two examples from Tholan, now housed in
the Rangoon Museum, are decidedly Indian in form and composition as also in execution, done no doubt locally by Indian artists
or by artists trained under Indian masters. They seem to have
very intimate artistic affinities with the most recent finds of
Brahminical and Mahayanist divinities from Orissa by Rai Bahadur
Ram Prasad Chanda, B.A., now housed in the Indian Museum." Ibid) cfL(http://orissamatters.com/news/index.php/2003/01/10/
melaka/) [ HL Df ]
cfjAe JXA `ba Hè ju J jaa` \m d, akeN[
mL HkL Lf= _ce k aT\m ( The Age of Imperial Kanauja,
Vidya Bhavan, p.414)
Hja jca kB\m Laf JXhe _aZS `B Ha Hk
_aZSe èè j Le\m JXhe ck]^ jb[
jca[ je be[e JXA S[ k \m _aZSe `\c àrL
LeZ JXAS[L aTD\a è hv d\-hl[, Dhh , =, Lf=
B[] _ce a][ bM akec_*e D`m kD\a af be[e
@_ LZj @qfL jQD\a è LZj _c be[ ake Hè LZj
jc] jmN bMe `[ ]M dH _k
Db ac J jkfe `mbie `Qf_ `[ ] ]m Hk
bie A] `W JXhe d be[ j[ `\c jk ]hNXL
dB\m, [k `cZ[ kBdH Ha [k _aZSe JXhe àrL
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 40
bcLL Le
B[kj Hke jl d, JXhe Hk @__ _ èè aVh
hj_Lfe L[L L_Lk a=f* QL k[ DSX da `d je
be[e @[f_ kB ek\m j `d je be[e JXA _ake
è jte J j]Y _ake LDW a _ \m am gVj_* e`Ve
jL[ kBR d\-".....the boats were by far the best that I ever
saw in any part of India" (E.Watson, 4th Judge, Calcutta Court
of Circuit, to W.B.Bayley, Secretary to Government in the Judicial Department, dated 3 May, 1817)
`$je `ZNk* j[e JXh eS jNkfe y_[ è
_c[ `Q_ LeL de M][ kB ekR Hè HL _L dk e Sf`\e
k e_ kD\ae ]h è]hc_ Hè ]h c^ a[ kBR
gVj_* Dè e`Ve JXhe _LNXL ahf[ J è`Ve
be[e @][ y_e @^Le am jQB j LkR d HLaf
@_L k[ [\ OXNX J `m* ak_ Le _aL HNXL jlc
`Qe @\ Mn LedB HNXL _ [Ae LedB\a J HNXLe d[
_ae a `Qe @\ a kD\a ("....they were decked and
capable of crossing several elephants, carriages and palanquins
together. They must have been built at considerable cost, and
kept up at a very great expense." Ibid)
_`\ Mf_L
gVj_* Hk `[l]h aaeZ HL @_k[ lbe D`_[
kB B[kjL [e LeR j mMR, ( jL aZS Leaee
jce NfL àke @`je Aj\m c^ ) SNe Sc D`bN
Le\a k[ JXhe _ake NXLe èQfLc_ jM he \m J
Lke LZj A`r JSe _ \m L j[ dc[ Hk CiZ
jof[`B jc_* ][ LeaL LZj _`\ Mf_L Ne
QLe `_]Mm Afe jc_* SNe Sce @^Lh bN aS
Le]AdBR ("The ferry men themselves were contented and
happy and no complaints whatever were heard from any quar
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 41
ter. But as if to execute a punishment for this enviable state of

things, most of the lands secured by these grants, has under the
name of resumption been confiscated."-Ibid)
Hk _`\ Mf_ L c_ d \ m a=f [k Be S

@^Lec_ ak yfe DmM LeR è [k `[ ] ]a Ha
Laf H[L Lka d\ d, cjmc_c_ dB BeSc_ be[ ]Mm
Le JXhL bN bN Le]a `d jk BeSc_* jLe @_je
je be[e JXA S[ jarc _akee @^Le kB ek\m Ha
\m c^ @[f_, @__jêZ J CiZ cd]e @^Le Ha
H\`B a=fc_ k JXAc_* jaWe @^L Ci Le\m Hk Ci
$fa[ kae c^c jc_* cfdB\m am[ Ne* hj_e
Hk SZaL km jk jce be[L $edaL ka
B[kje NfL àk cê BeSc_ be[L d[af
La Lm, jc_* `]_[ ka`B jkS @qfba ]M]m a=
HBW `[km $V DBmc Ha HBW Qmm be[L hiZ Leae
BeS Lhf Ha jc[fe JXA S[ aewe a=f* iXd
LmL[e _S hj_N] ajB\a BeSc_* @^_e QLe
Le\a a=fc_ jdN D JXAc_* bcL J j[L j`r
mV_a`B jc\ kBè\m dk jc_ S_ S_ee kjm
Lea jca kB _ \, am[* `MmL jc_* j\`B jdN
dNB]B\m jdN `B jc_ dc[ SmA[ ]e JXA*
ScaX k[B _B\m, WL jc[ SmA[ afe JXAe jk[ L[L
_Se am ]MB _S`B HL jk[L a_A] ]a Lea `\ èe
Le\m
be[ ]Mm Lm è BeSmL Hk ]he bcL J j[L
B[kj SZa J _S ]haj* SZBa`B Q Le\a jbaL
j[e Hk `de a=fc_* Dè jc_* _behf[ jc_*
@s[e be[e j[L B[kjL ah jML Hèba _BNm
dke JXhe h S ]a [\ aw jwQdc_ a=fe` `Qe[
kBNm H[~e _Se HL Sm j[L I[k j Lea `B a=fc_
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 42
jlc kBNm , L be[e j[L B[kj aL[ kBNm

JXAe CiZ ah
j[L ah è ]h`ce a JXA \m CiZ ahe
@^Le B[kj Hke jl d, JXh \m am[ LafL dae je
be[e hi eS @\Q je be[e Hkk \m `\c eS dk
be[ bBe am[ aewe ja `\c j^_[ j=c Aec Le\m Ha
Hkk \m `\c eS dk BeS hj_ aewe be[e S[ jNcdse ]B\m hk]e `\c eUf Hk `\c hk] \m jn]_t
`p_L
([ 1841819e jn]_t* ]AdB\a `Z] kDR am[
h ]e be[e jOV[ kB\a `\c S_Atf_ `l`Ve `\c
be[ jk]e `Z] @ah 1806e $h] `B\a S
eSNe* Lk Lk `\c jk] am ]aLe c[ 1804e j
[f\a @ Laf Mw eS* j\ el`B @N`^_ ]B\aaf
jêZ `Se j\ \m 1817 aàe brbc j\`B 1804 _k,
è 1817e aà k am[ aewe be[e `\c S_aà Hk eS
a]k _k, `BL a]k DmM _S_ d akZe `Z `d
jc \m `BL _S _S LfL are j] Lde[ \B dH
eSel`B d[af AahL dwl[e dN ]D\m j \m
`BL j[e `BL a]k \m a]h Ne* aewe JXA S[e
S[ a]k Hk a]k Lfe am[h jk k[ cfB\a SZ
a* ce `Z] `B \a jn]_t `p_L j k[ d\\[ `\c
j^_[ jNce be[e `\c hk] )
be[e `\c j^_[ jNc
Laf am[ `bc_* Mj
Lea `B j[afe
@ZJXA `[a]Lc_ `BL a]k ba _c[ Le 1817e Hk `\c
j^_[ jNc ahi `bahf _ \m am ]hBaL @ah ak Q
LeR am [ ]aSL ec_ Hè Lea [ [Lf_ `l`Ve @jbaL
_ \m L Hk \m HL @__jêZ aà jh ALcZ J @jkdN
Atf_e Hk \m Hè HL jc_[ èlZ dk j[afL jahj`_
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 43
kBje\a am[ hjLc_*`B k[ L`_e LeZ kBDW\m

BeS B[kja[ V_a mMR, "It was not long, however,
before we had to encounter a storm which burst with so sudden
fury as to threaten our expulsion, if not from the whole of Orissa,
at least from the territory of Khurda. This was the rebellion of the
paiks, a kind of local militia, to whom the English conquest had
brought little, but ruin and oppression." (A sketch of the history
of Orissa, G.Toynbee / O.H.R.J. Vol No.1&2)
@[Ha, BeSc_* kVB jc_* Lafe _S c[bcL j^_
LeaL JXhe 1817 `S aà (`c]N èbie `BL a]k)
\m be[e `\c j^_[ jNc 1804 aà j` jh \m
BeSc_ [L @ afe @[Lc LedB\m L 1817e `S aà
BeSc_* `\c \e `B @jkdN Atf_e jM_ LeB \m
jeSc_ Dè _Z \a ]fake J ]fB A] SNe]ec_
BeS* ae^ Le Hk @jkdN Atf_e jcm kB\m jc_*
c_af b=]a c[mae jc_* èèL `]cd]e am`LeZ
`B `]l` _ANm L [L jc_ M[e Lm _k èy[ dk
a kD, Sc aX Oe ]e ja a dD, BeS* MSZ ]a _k- Hk _r
_B\m Me^ ckme `S hjL `Y k[ Hk @jkdN
Atf_L jLe _Le\m c^ Ha a J [* jkdNc_* c\e
]i YfaL ja a^ Lje[ Le \m c^, Meê []__ SH
cSV Xa. $ee (W.Forrester) Lch_e eaV Le (Robert
Ker)* 991818[eMe ]B\a`[e Hke `d jQ_ ekR
LZ LDXVLe MSZ A] kBè _ \a j e`V LeR
("the disturbances having completely put a stop to the collections etc. -para 16 of the report) mL Oe RX ae S=mL
QmdD\m, MSZ ]D _ \m- Hk SZkB`XR Hk e`Ve
]fake `cM jeSc_ SNe]ec_ @jkdN Atf_e
Tj ]a $fe LZ LDXH MSZ A]e Ah a cDf `X\m
jc_* bb[ LeBa`B jc_* SNe aSLeZ LedB\m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 44
[ jr jc_ @Vf ek\m Atf_e MSZ A] Le

_S @\Li bea `B BeS* Ah bh X `X\m a[ SNe] ec_*
`]cd]e j*V j LeaL Q Le BeSc_ _S`B HL
@__b[ j*V j Le\m Hk j*Ve el `Ba`B jc_*
jc_* SNe $eB]B @jkdNe _ar Leda j`le $ee
èch ]B\m Dè `[e j mM\m, "It has all along
appeared to me extremely desirable that the Dulbeheras and
their followers should be induced to return by the hopes of pardon for past and the prospect of a moderate settlement and a
liberal consideration of their claim to jageers in future".
@jkdN Atf_e jyf JXh
a]k `BLc_* be mL S=mL QmdD\m am j
@ah Hk e`Ve ]hBR Ha ]fake `cM* lc]_ A] L[L
hv _S`B J @_ BeS* `B cMeQL hfe aake LeR
L [k jr Hk @jkdN Atf_e `ba BeSc_* Lè aa[
Le `LB\m [k H\e kB dDR j[e Hk Lka Laf
`_L\_ ka d, a SNau* _[[e Meê S_ aà `\c `de
(1817e 1818) BeS aewe jh j+i \aaf ][ `d
( 25 c 1825 [eMe [*jk ju Leda `d )\m be[e `\c
@jkdN Atf_ H Atf_ \m @_c_ Ha @]c cmVe
a `mj ]e HkL Q`]a \m @jca
JXA cSS
$ee jLe Le\m, a]k Aec ka ]_We H`d
LZj SZ km Ne[` a* Ne$ LedBè_ Ha Hk Ah*
D`SR L, H eSe dk `L[ Ha Hke @âjc_*e dk cSS
[k Hk a]kL j_ ak_ a `mj ]e Q` ]a `\e j]
ja] @e j Lea ( "Since the breaking out of the insurrection very few men of any consequence have ever been apprehended and it is to be feared that the nature of the country and
disposition of the inhabitants will always present formidible
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 45
obstacle to the supression of these disturbances either by military or police".-Para 18 of the Report) JXAe Hk cSS \m @__
J @_c_ Ha Hkk \m [e ah
j[afL je be[ ]Mm Leje\a BeS S[e LZj
Ld _ak be[e @_ LZj eSaj a @_ LZj bibi*We
Hè cSS (disposition) ml Le\ae LZj jQ_ LZj ]mm
]aSe cf_ Hk @__jêZ cSS k[ JXA S[ jh
a]ke jjc[ dè @_ba Leè\m WL jkè BeS aewe
@jkdN è HL @h[à J @b[à Atf_ Aec Le è\m Hk
Atf_e ècL ee $ee Hke j]e `je èZ[ @tS
Leè\m Ha cmVe a `mj ]e Hke èjc OVBa jca
_k am Lk\m
a[, LZj @ afe LZj hjL LZj `SjcSWe
LZj `Se jkdN kjm Le _è j[e Hk @jkdN Atf_
BeS* `B Oe j*Vc kBDW\m
Hke j]e `je èZ[ Lf_ Le Atf_ at Lea`B @
èar ju y`_ Dè Ne[ ]B\m BeS Ha _Se jabL
AbcM Dè mNc Li\m
be[e j^_[ jNcL JXh ]B\a ]N]h_
Hk Atf_e I[kjL br k Hke hk ai è, be[e
j^_[ jNcL ]B\m HL _L ]N]h_ Mm$[ Atf_e
Hk `\c @_eZ[ kBDW\m
DmM _S_ d JXhe ak cjmc_ a SNau* _[[e
Hk Atf_e Tj ]B\m Ha @_L Leew kB\a af Lk
Lk Sa_ ]_ a ]B\m ce kB]e @m* BeS hj_Lf
`f[L aà am OiZ Le\a @aye [*e Sa_ k_ OV\m
(Vide Commissioner R.Ker's report to W.B.Bayley, Secretary to
Govt. in Judicial Department, 14 December 1818) jè j~e
M_ J _jem JNe* `[ kB\a ] a^_ LdLe LeaL j
aXmV @]m[L @_e^ Lea `d L\ dB\m (vide letter of
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 46
W.B.Bayley, Secretary to Govt. addressed to W.Dorin, Registrar

of the Nizamut Adalat.Dt. 01 Jan.1819) @[Ha, Me^ `S aà jk
ak cjmc_ Laf j` \m [ _k, Hke @jkdN Atf_ `de
ah c^ jc_* c^ce be[e akre cjmc_ ae]ee
`Qe[ kB\m `\c `de jh aàL aiL b[e Ar
Leè\m c^ ][ `de @jkdN Atf_L BeSc_ Lè
jc Le è _ \m J 1825 cB cje a SNau* jk ju y`_
LeaL Lè a^ kB\m [k Hk Atf_e `[l ba Tj ]B\a
cjmc_ j`] Drc e` @_^_ Le\m 1857e jh j`k
a]k a\ kBNm è JXh ]B\a @jkdN Atf_e ah
èar Atf_Lec_* @^L aa c_ kB\a jbaL Hke
`cZ Ac ]M ` hk ai è, Mm$[ Atf_e, èle,
am[ ]a aS_ _re
Mm$[ LcV 23 _bce 1919 e[e ak c[e _B\a
Hk _rL [k è ]_ @Mf be[ Mm$[ jf_e @^l[ Lmaf
ck[ Nu d[af [Dm [Dm ]M\m j[af `\c \e `B
[* Q[_e @jkdN Atf_e @aa^ `[$f[ kB\m
Hk @aa^L LD hv ]e `Lh Leka [k Q Le Le
hie j @jkdN hvV WL Le\m [* Sa_e h m`Le
[\ j\`B NuS* ]e jaLeZe jc\[ X.S.[tmLe* bie
"Gandhi was handicapped for want of suitable Hindi or Urdu words
for the new idea. At last he described it by the word 'non-cooperation', an expression that he used for the first time on this
occasion".(Mahatma, Vol. 1, p.274) L Hk @aa^L BeS jeLe
aewe HL eS_[L @ba `N Lea èL_ j _] Le\m
1920 cn 10e ]B\a dNLe aa[e
Mm $[ Atf_Lec_* _rL è` Le NuS Hk aa[ e
Lk\m, "Non-co-operation is, therefore, the only remedy left open
to us. It is the clearest remedy, as it is the most effective, when it
is absolutely free from all violence". (Ibid,p.284) 28 c 1920e
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 47
acWe @_[ @Mf be[ Mm$[ LcV aWLe AmQ_

LedB @jkdN `h Dè NuS* c[L j`[ jc\_ LeNm
L Nu* c[ NkZ Lea LNj `le jkS _ \m
hk ai [f JXhe kt J cjmc_c_ BeS aewe `N
Le\a @jkdN Atf_e `ba d L[ [k LNj _[c_
ALf_ Leè _\m $fe 30 c 1920e a_eje @_[
L=j LdLe LcVe @jkdN XLe `[ LZj jc\_ cfm _k
ai hi AXL LmL[e L=j LcV aj Hk `h Dè `_e
aQe Lea am _r _AkB\m c^ S_ `kme Aka]We kt
J cjmc_c_* cê 300 `bahf J _[ y_ a* HL ahi
aWLe @jkdN _[ NkZ _ LeaL A_ aj J [S ak]e j`
`cM `[ cma J `[ c[mm _ke `cM* D`y[e NuS*
àrB\a Laf Hk k Le d @jkdN d HL hhf Atf_
kB è, [k jan `ke am[ hjL aN* jk ch è\a
mL* SZ\aaf be[e @_[ @NQe \m JXhe Hke
èlZe j$f[ j`Le `\ce @aN[ \a cjmc_ jcS am[ ]a
aS_`B `\c _r _B @jkdN Atf_e dD _A @^ Aec
Le\m [ke _Se eS_[L as[ `N Le ck[ Nu am[
jeLeL Lè ]kmB ]m [k B[kje HL DSf @^ kB ekR
B[kj Hk k ]_ jLe Lea d, JXh bBe BeS Dè

OV\a 1804e jh ALcZe Aec Le be[e a`L @qfe 1857e
OV\a jh j`k a]ke a\[L aQeL _B dNj J ]e]
NuS jh jNcL _S LdLce @b Le _ \m c^ JXh j
Le\a @jkdN Atf_e j[L A`ZB [kL @kj `wre LdLe
LeaL Q Le\m Ha $f[ [k k kBDW\m am[ aewe
jaWe @^L cS[ J j\L ALcZ
jc* @mle HB\`B NuS* @ee _b[[c yfe \m
JXAc_*`B @jc j_ J jc\_ LNje @[ `bahf
_[c_* ae^ jr j JXhe j[ jre `_ jy`_ `B @L
jkdN Le\m JXA bMe j[LeZ`B Qm\a Atf_L jc\_
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 48
Le j be[aj* Lk\m, LZj d\\[ _\B Hè QebNe bN

bN kB ek\m Hk jl awj`_ cS[ S[ dD jbaL @NN[`B
kL]e kH[ [k jca ka _k ("This fine race cannot possibly
make the natural advance which is its due, if it is split up into four
divisions for no sound reason"-(Young India,18 Feb.1920) [*
c[e JXA Atf_ be[e bibrL `]h NW_ è akre `j=e
D]L Le\m ("raises the large question of redistribution on linguistic basis"-ibid)
DmM_ d aa[ HL j[ `]h ba NW[ kae
akàe NuS* `bae DLf jf_e ]a `[ j_ ]B be[
S[ LNj JXhL HL j[ `]h ba jLe Le\m Ha H\e
JXhe _[c_ DLf `]h LNje `[_^ ba èNk[ kB\m
ake, a=f, Au J c^`]he VZA _[c_ j[ JXh
NW_ D]cL `[k[ LeaL QL QfB \a af NuS @[ ]Y
ba JXA Atf_ `[ jc\_ SZB\m _Se j[ èQ Ha
_Sj bce `_ jy`_`B JXA S[ am[ Le [f be[e dD `Q
`[aw[ Ha a`f jk_hf[e _]h_ j Le [e c[bcL M aM[
Le `LB\a BeS jeLeL j[ JXh `]h NW_`B a^ Le\m
[k \m dè cfL jè @__ L Hk ml kjm`B JXA
S[e Qm`\e jaW [a ai Le Sm aRB\m a=fc_
LfLc jWL Aja `\c ]Ma JXA bML M aM[ Le
`Xh `]hc_*e chB ]aL BeS LkL _r _B\m
JXhe ab S_
HL jh aàL Q` ]AdBè @ afe, L @jkdN
Atf_L LZj @ afe @[Lc LedB _ è je ah HkL
jLe Lm NuS* _[[e Qm\a be[ j^_[ jNc Lfe;
L Aece BeS h HkL @_ba Le\m JXhe jB\`B
1817 aàe S__L a SNau a]ê bceae e* jk dw
QfBeMa èar Hk ju y`_ Le be[e `\c j^_[ jNc
Dè HL LV_[L aS kjm Le\m c[ JXA S[ `[ BeS
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 49
`]^Lec_* c_e j kB\a b àa[ ek\m H\`B ]:

JXA A[bc_
LV_[L aS è JXh Dè BeS A^`[ `
kBè\ m c^ JXA
S[e `Q A[bc _, ^c ju[ Ha @L[b
]h[a^ am[ mL* @aQ[_e àf b[ jqe Le eM\m
JXA cSS `[ BeSc_* c_e Lè b ajau ek\m H\ àe
[ke `cZL [\ DmM Le dBR JXA S[e @_k[ A^[L
IL a \m jc_* `B ]e @_ HL LeZ hSN_\aw*
kt ]a[ ba kt c _ c__mè Ha JXh e kt eS jk SN_\*
eSe jan `b J _SL [*e Laf jaLc[ am OiZ Lmè
JXhe ja aw ktba èNZ[ kD\m Ha hSN_\* b ba
jc_* jM \m h[LX hk HèL D_ah h[ve cjmc_ J
MA_c_* jM aY\m c^ 1901e S_NZ_ @_je JXhe
kt* jM\m h[LX 91 Ha Hk \m be[e ja eSc_* cê
ja^L kt @î[ eS hSN_\* `ba Hc_* HL @__jêZ
b[[aê ju Le eM\m Hc_* c_eSe BeSc_ M_
J jk[ co y_e \m Hk c_jL[ H[ ]Y \m d, 1920
Mve jw [k `[l LekD\m Hke `cZ `B JXhe jaW
j_ NXS[ [NeAe [Lf_ eS a_cf l[ aeae Qc`[ jk
ck`[* HL ] ba _AdBè
JXA c_jL[: ]-[NeA
[Ne A
e Hk `ZhL eS* Dè HL `[l]h aaeZ eMR
JXhe A^_L hl `jeZe @_[c bNe\ be[ Qt _L [*
`Z[ ce àj[ L\ _cL ckk Nxe j[af j \m
BeS hjL* `le Y*_fe @ay`[ HL Dn `]y @^Le
AleL[ [k Dw[ km _ce [NeA eS* jcue NVH OVZ c _S `[lLe aj[
kB\m `mVLm HS ecj jka Y*_f è]h_e Aj\a
jce eS J daeS Aj\m [NeAe ]g_ eS-[kam [ie$
Le\a @èê @bd kB\m J eS [* `[ ]a^_ èare
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 50
[* lc ]B\a dN daeS [ke @j kB jk ai `mVLm

HS* SZB\m Ha j jk j`Le Db* XLB\m jka*
jk[ jl[ Lea jLh Aja jce c QYBeNX a=fe D`y[
\m J eS daeS Db BeS SZ _ \ae jka* A]he c[
]bi Ld LeaL kB\m jka HL `L cê ake Aj
eS* jMe D`y[ kB [k* Lec]_ jLh k `jeZ Lea
c[ eS, k ! k ! jka! A`Z co A`Z* RBm Ac* j_ J
`qNa `_ LeaL ka, Lk Qe `q k[ `ROq ]m jka
@aL kB ]c_ kB c AXL Qkm c aTB]m,eS @[
elZhf, `S] Le A`Z M_ j[e A`Z* RBaL Qk
_k jka c] kj Le ajm [è eS* Lkm, A`Z*
]g_ eS[kam [ie$ e` Ne[e @èê @bd [* aewe
cL~c LeaL ka eS Lkm, jka, Ac* jeLe ]B\a
j_t @_je BeS jeLe* jk[ Ace d[L j`L j[L el
kDR L _k j[L ]Ma A`Z* Lra Ac eSe AbeZ
hj_e LZj ai A`Z* @^Leb _k Ac Ac @è^
]g_* lc Le@R Hk Ace OeB ai, H\e A`Z kl`
Leèa _k jka k Lk LR jc è eS* a] ]m
(ce à j[L\, `-129 J 130)
Dè aaeZe [_V L\ j (1) je be[ bM
Dè _Se A^`[ ae Leè\a BeS`B @]c_ \m
JXAe A[bc_; (2) Hk k[ [NeAè l][c eSe eS c^ [
eSe OeB èQf_e BeS Lr`l* @d\ kl` `[M_
Le\m Ha (3) JXAe ^c êZ BeSL co J @h [mLe
eM\m 1920 Mve y[ d] Hk k, Hke hk ai à, 1825
c 25e S__L a SNau* jk am[ aXmV* ju y`_ afL,
JXA cSS L'Z \a [k jkS @_c
JXA cSSL BeSe b
JXAe Hk cfL cSS `[ \m BeSc_*e _k _ \a
b JXh b_ be[e @_ LDW jc_ Hè be jM_ kB _
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 51
\m j[e H\e _[ `Ba`B jc_ D` Q Leae

mN\m
Hk `Le, JXA bMe aMLeZ OVB, JXA S[e bi
J j[ jk j`L _ \a b_ bibi `]hNXLe Hk aM[
@hNXL chB]B, `hj_L ja^ Afe JXAc_* IL J jk[
DSX ]aL QL Qmm JXA bM bN bN kB chNm b_
bibi `Xh `]hNXLe Ha jWL biL eSbiba c_
jk bie _S _S ScSc ]mm Lea a A`r JSe SZBaL j j
eSc_*e jcm LedB\a JXA bMe JXAc_* a^ LeNm
$fe jc_ jcm LekB\a b_ bibi `]hNXLe `[]t
S_jcSe jM__ kB`Xm Ha JXA S[e jO èè J
Na_[ I[k @Qe ]km Nm
[e _[L af b= ]a`B BeS hjLc_ Hk dD
iXd j Le\m [ke `R]`pe d \m jc_* c_e
JXAc_*`B \a àf b, Hk j_[ With the Rajas and
Royats _cL Nxe bai `Y* @aN[`B j_k[ Le\a _S e`Ve
b_ bibi `]he @b kB JXAmL Lè _d[[ kD\m
[e jahi Q[ ]B [ke `[Le`B ja JXAbi @qfL HLhj_^_
Leda AahL am je A $Se jèj Le\ae [\ ekR
$Se* Hk jèjL []__ be[ j`L jLVe j.
ebe @Nk Le ]B\m [* d \m - JXAc_ H[ ]wi d
jc_* HLhj_^_ eMm @ay jcf ka _k
aMLeZe ]M] èZ[
Hkè HL I[kj`_ ]wi S[ BeS jk k[ cfB\a
`Xh `]hajc_* k[ L ]eZ ]a`Le hLe kB\m,
[e Q[ cf MXAfe []__ eS h ae aLc jk* mM[ J JXA
S_ SN[ `B èah[ _VL DLf ]~he
[ke NVH `] :jka L ]M H DLf !
@= `[= ab= kBNmZ D=
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 52
SZ _k LkaL à^ Ne
kt [m= a=f
cke A] cf
a _m ja dT Bo `Le ;
d[ DLf j_
kDR k_c_
DLf ]]h La ka @e?
L_Lk * Lec[
JXh e Hk ]]h L @^L [a J @jk Le` LB\m BeSc_*
L_Lk L[L a=f d\-L jk
LmL[e LZj HL @SZ Nfe \m Hk* Aaj jk
jkee BeSc_* cM ]e \ae jdN _B, jWe êêLe,
jc_ BeS SZ\a Hk a 1804e Lme NHc* @$je
LeZ Lc LeaL LVL Aj\m NHc* JXA SZ _ \m L
LZj JXA* BeS SZ _ \m c[ à jQ[c[ a=eSe
JXAc_ àe _S bi `je[ Le\a k[ J a=fc_ [\
]h_`B aeae JXh Aj\a k[ jc_* cê @_L* JXA
bi SZ\m J jc_* bi JXA hh* ]eV bi è kB\a
k[ @_L JXA c^ [ke DneZL aTè\m Hk LeZ k[
Lme NHc a=f L jk* _Se è Le]m jkH L_Lk
jS, NHc* Boc[ j Le, _Se SZ bB Neke jk * NS`[*
Qe `NZ - jeB, mcB, èirc ek= J QahL]-dkL
BeSc_ Rf Le @Ae Le\m J dke c`B BeS aewe
1804e NS`[* jOi OV\m, [ke [kjm]e ba cLee
LeB]m J a[ jNXLe _`\ cmL kBNm [k èai,
1805e, QL Le a SNau* eX= ckmL a [*We R_ Lm
Ha @amfLc, c[ `q ai _ dDZ, 1809-10e Hk `q `NZL
QqL[àL _S _ce y `p LeB L_Lk LeZe kBNm
SZ ahf Sc]e BeSc_* A`[ Le ak a=f JXhe
ab_ y_e ab_ ckme Sc]e kBNm jk* è
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 53
Hk a=fc_ Lè QL Le JXA mL* ScaXe cmL_

@Ae LeQm\m [ke `[l s_`j[ Q[ cf LVLe []__
Lme ce Xa.Ve ( W.Trower ) LmL[y aX @$ eb_e
`]j_ jQa S.`.gX (J.P.Ward)* 23 c 1817e `]_ Le\a
e`Ve
jc_* SmA[e A$j `cZ
Ve* e`VL JXA S[e Sa_e HL a\]L @ê
`[l]h aaeZ am LkdBè j mMR, ce ahj, c
kDR `\c Ha H`d HLc[ @$je d L Sme @be am ]MR
c Hke akfh amR Ha DnaNe _QaN `d ja `Lee mL*
jk L\ kBR c d[ @tS Leè []`l `mj J
c_j$c_* aewe `Sc_* @bdN _[ @^L Hk LcQec_
Smc J SmA[ afe Sme cf @âjc_* Sc JNe A[j[
LeaL HW ja[ j[ dc[ HL _cjw `wre èZ[ LejeR
Ha `Sc_* elLr J @j]QeZe `[a^_Le ba Nk[ ka
èar Hk mLc_ jj J ck a`r ba Db kBR ("I
believe I am the first and the only officer of the Government that
has heitherto visited the interior of the District. I have travelled
through the greatest part of it, conversed with all classes of
people from the highest to the lowest and certainly the complaints against the Police, and the Moonsifs exceed anything I
could have supposed. A regular system of oppression and peculation appears to exist throughout and instead of proving a protection to the country and a preventive against improper conduct, these people are considered the terror and the scourge of
the district."- Report of W.Trower, Collector, Cuttack on Revenue Administration in Orissa, dated the 23rd May,1817vide
Ms.Vol. 387, Orissa State Archives.)
LZj ae cS aewe [e bj`r [' k[e RXB_ANm,
d LZj LeZe [k kB\D _ LkL, [ b[e lb j ka
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 54
jbaL Hk Sme Hk k kBR ("It is natural to conclude that

any man who looses his estate against his will, under whatever
circumstances, should feel discontent and as a very great proportion of the original Zamidars of this district are thus situated,
it may be said, that to a certain extent the sales of lands which
have taken place since the period of our acquisition of the Province, have tended to create discontent."-Ibid)
JXA mL* bj`r a=fc_ Lè ]_ce Dè ]Mm
Le_D\m [ke DmM Le ]BV LeZ k[ [k A`rS_L \a Hk
e`Ve ]hdBR Ve mMR, ce @_b[ km , bj`r aL
l[e A`re ]BV LeZ @R `\cV km 5000 V*e Ew cme
eSj j`_ Sc]eL LmL[e aL Leda J ][V km, Lme*
@$je aL LedD\a bj`rL jeLe* `] `]ac_*e Lde[
_Vb @$jec_* LZaL @_c[ ]Ada ("It appears to me that
there are two grounds of complaint respecting sales of land, the
first is, the disposing of Estates in Calcutta, the Jumma of which
exceed Rs.5000 and the other, permitting native officers of Government holding situations in the District to become purchasers
of lands sold at the Collector's Office". -Ibid.)
DmM _S_ d, Hk jce LZj JXA BeS* LZj
@$je @$je _ \m _Vb @$je am j dDc_* DmM
LeR j jc \m Laf a=f
a=fc_ Lè QL Le JXA Sc]eNXL LZ_Bè\m
[ke HL D]keZ je` Ve afb]è OVZe @a[eZ LeR
Hk Sc]ee Sc ]Mme jc_ afc kB\a k[ Sc]e* [e
j^ `BW LeaL Lk kB\m J Hk j LVLWe ]Mm Leèa
am Lk [*We Hk NkZ LeaL c^ Lme* SZB ]AdB\m
c[ Hk j^V* LmL[e `BW _ kB\a Afe Sc]eVL jk
LmL[e k aL Le]AdB\m SZ a=f*
]aSN[ Ne[ ]e Ve* e`VVe AahL @h
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 55
]MdD j mMR, JXA Sc]ec_* cê Lke km LZj

HS LmL[e _ \ae jc_ jWe eSj aX ]ee aL
LekBdD\a Sc]e LZa jca_e ` j`[ aq[ kB `XR
@è`l dD a=fc_ jWe jNXL LZ _DR, @[ h ]ee
[k jc_* cfdDR LeZ jeSc_ We ]ee Hk aL Leae
kD\a k[ [ke `L[ cm c^ ALf_ kBè_ 1812e
LmL[We aLkBdB\a afb]è Sc]e L\ eSj èi] jeZ
Leè Sc ]Mme afc k[ jc_ L[ V*e j^`B LmL[e
Hk Sc]e aLkBdB\m ; d]J Hk j^L j` Sc]e HWe c
@$je ]Mm LeaL `Qf[ e[e Q j`]_ Le\m Hk LeZ
k[, [* j`le [* Sc]e aLe `_aQe LeaL jèj Le c
ce 25 Xjce 1812 [eM QWe eSj èi]L @_e^ Le\m
afb]è Sc]e*e LmL[e d] LZj HS a au \A, [a
Hè HL akcme Sc]e Hè _NZ L[V V*`B Hè ba aL
kBdaL jc_ Lakm ]B _ \
OVZafe @b ALf_ `B, Ve* bi a `W_ [k
km-"There are very few Oriya zemidars (scarcely one I believe) who have Agents in Calcutta, that they are infact almost
entirely precluded from the possibility of purchasing any of the
lands sold at the Office of Board and as the Bengalees who
purchase are generally unacquainted with the actual resource
of the Estate advertised and are guided principally by the amount
of the Sudder Jumma, the probability is that an Estate of considerable value may be knocked down at the price far below what it
would have brought, had it been sold at Cuttack. The Board will
perhaps recollect the case of Pradhan Choudhury, propritor of
Talook Balbhudderpore which was sold in Calcutta in 1812 for a
very trifling sum which was due on account of interest, though
he had executed the usual engagements for the payment of the
same at this Office, as communicated by me to the Board in a
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 56
letter under date the 25th December 1812 with a recommendation that they would be pleased to take his case into their
favourable consideration. Had Pradhan Choudhury an Agent or
any freind in Calcutta, it is not probable they would have allowed
a valuable Estate to be sold for a trifling balance." (Ibid.)
a=fc_* SmA[e bak[ j`Le jQB Ve mMR,
Hk Sme ab_ jeLe `] `]ae \a a=fc_* JXAc_*
Sc/Sc]e Dè kD\a _mce @h NkZ LeaL @_c[ ]ae
bak[ j`Le ak `cZ c `Me ekR 1813 @ae `kme
à[_ Lch_e* c ]B\a `[e Hke jQ_ j_k[ kB\m, dke
c mM\m L Hk a=fc_ _mc XLee JXAc_* @h NkZe
Laf d a^ D`SDR [ _k, LZj JXA Sc]ee d] ]Z
]Mme afc kB\H [a jk Sc]e LZa`B c^ JXAc_*
a^ ]AdDR ("Of the evil of permitting native officers of Government holding situations in the District to purchase lands at
public sale I have had many proofs, and in a letter to the late
Commissioner under date the 1st October, 1813 I stated my sentiments on the subjects. Not only does the influence of these
people prevent the Oriyas from entering into competition with
them in the purchase of lands, but if any of their own Estates are
in arears, the Oriyas are deterred from appearing as purchasers."-Ibid.)
a=fc_* Hk QL $fe LVL Sm`f* BmLe \a
2340V @ZNXS[ Sc]ecê 1806 Xjcee 1816 Xjce Hk 10 ai b[e 1011V Sc]e @[ _NZ cme aL kBdB\a
jQB Ve dk mMR, [ke cc\ km, Dè Sc]eNXL
cê 350V ak[ Sc]e a=fc_ k _BdBR Hk 350 ak[
Sc]e cê 235V Sc]eL jeLe ]ee Lc Le\a a=fc_
_S _ce a _S j`L* _ce LZR @ah H[~e Hk Sme
Ha dc[ a=fc_* jM Ma ah ècZe aYdBR Ha jc_
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 57
dè j`rhf kBDWR, [ke $fe jc_* èeL `[]t[

Sc]eNXLe cm aa]e eSLiL dD A dNBR [k 121695
V*e jeLe XL yfe c[ 46205 V* kB\m c^ àe jc_
QfB\a _N ekS_ @`l @^L jk_ [* bie,
"It appears from accompanying statement....that from December 1906 to December 1816, a period of 10 years, the number
of Estates sold by public auction, have been 1011 which gives
an average of 101 yearly. ......It will be found that out of the
above mentioned sales, 350 have been purchased by foreigners the Jumma of whose amounted to 442804 rupees from which
it is evident that the principal Estates have gone into their hands.
The Board will further remark that of those, 235 have been purchased by persons holding official situations under Government
directly in their own names, or indirectly by their relations or
dependants and by a reference to the price paid for those Mehals
(more particularly during the four or five fist years) they cannot
fail to discover strong marks of that undue influence, complained
of by me. But as the number of Bengalees have increased in the
district and advanced in opulence, greater competition has taken
place between themselves and a somewhat fairer market established. The Jumma of the lots marked in the margin was 121695
rupees and the money paid for them at sale 46205 which can be
considered as little better than downright rubbery." - Ibid.)
j mMR, a=fc_ jeLe QLee jdN _B JXA
Sc]eNXL Laf LZ _DR [ _k, ]mm Le `Qe c_$ a
DWDR SZ `mj ]eN SmA[ Le c[ 21 kSe V*e NVH
ckm LZ jk HL ]_ jk HL ckmL 50, 000 V*e Lè
aLè\m [kL HL D]keZ ba D`y`[ Le Ve mMR,
Dè ]h ai cê 1070397 V* cme ]mm jck[ kBR
]eN aL\a Hk j`r [* k[L Aj\a jeLe j`re LZQH
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 58
c[ jeLe ]ee \a a=fc_* @j^ `ba H l[e

]hc_ ("Within the same period as that above mentioned
(viz.-10 years) the transfer of property by private contract has
amounted to 1070397 rupees and in one day a Police Darogah
sold Mehals to the value of 50,000 rupees which he had purchased for 21,000 and this is only a small portion of the landed
property of the District that has passed through his hands. Here
again the same influence is clearly visible."- Ibid. )
Hè @Sj ] jeLe ]aSe Dwe LedBè Hjae
Hk k `cZ[ d, am[ Ne* k[B a=fc_ JXAc_*
j`r kX$ LeQm\m Ha a_A]k_ ak a=f jc_* Sa_e
`\c \e Sc]e amBae jbN @S_ Le\m $fe jc_*
ak` H[ aYNm d, JXA S[e @[ m` Le]a`B JXA bi
HL j[ bi _k, è a= bie @h ahi am Aw ]MBaL
a jc_ `RBm _k
be[e `\c bi Atf_
am[ Ne* aQe jS a=fH JXA S[e Sc bc m_
Lea aewe a SNau* _[[e dè be[e `\c a]hae^ `S Atf_ j kB\m, WL jè LfNea c^j]_ ]j*
_[[e j kB\m be[e `\c bi Atf_ JXA bi Dè
a=fc_* Hk `` Alè `[Le
Ocjee `ZhL ]_au `p_L JXA bi bi @qfNXLe
[e HL[LeZ`B je JXA S[ HLW kaL `\c XLe ]m
(DLf ]`L, j`Vce, 1870) Ha @amfLc Hk XLe câa*
D]c k[ JXh `_NW_ Atf_e e` _m
B[kj Hke jl d, bie dD `Q_ mM[ e` JXhe
Mà [[ h[Le @bmM[ kB ekR, be[e àqfe ahi[
a=e jè `Q_ @bmM _k Lf= dw è @hL* k[
cNê `je[ `ba `[ ] ]B cN^ @`bhe JXA, a=f J
Ajc bi[ Da kB\a ]hB @è ]B bi jk JXA biL
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 59
HL-au_-b Le a=f [f_e JXA bi `Q_[e _k, ae Db

bi jcLf_ am êZ D`SBaL L[L `Qe ja^ j`_ NaiL
Q a Le\m c[ aLeZ J DneZ l[e Hk [_ bi cê
`Q_[c jae @^Le Laf JXA bi k kB\a k[ HkL
@_ ]B bi [f_e `Q_[e am jLe LeR bi[ra[ Xe
j_[ Lce QVS ( "Of these three speeches-Oriya, Bengali
and Assamees, Oriya has preserved a great many archaic features in both grammar and pronounciation; and it may be said
without travesty of linguistic truth that Oriya is the eldest of the
three sisters, when we consider the archaic character of the language."-Indian Historical Quarterly, vol.XXIII, 1947,p.337) @[Ha,
bi l[e JXA \m a=fWe `Q_[e J jcw [ jr am[
Ne* c][e ck aY dB \a a=fc_ JXA bi HL j[
bi _k am LkaL jkj Le\m
L Hk d HL kj] ]jkj [k ahc_ bi[ra[c_*
c[ ]e ja kBdB\m je SS Nej_ be[ bijcke
Nbe @_^_ Le jNXLe ah `[ ah c_j ALiZ Le\m
[*e @[ c[ km, JXA bi H[ D_[ d, a=f a kt a
[mN- Lk Hke jcLl kaL w jw Le èa _k ("The
Oriya language can boast of a rich vocabulary in which respect
neither Begali nor Hindi nor Telgu can vie with it.The richness of
the vocabulary is the index by which the vastness of a vernacular can be gauged"- Linguistic Survey of India, Vol.IV)
JXA bie Hk jac_ y[ k[ a=fc_* k_c_[ _[
[a[e kae mN\m JXA bie h kj OVBa`B jc_
hj_Lfe \a jc_* `bae `N`B D]c Le\m 1841
Mve LVL eb_ aX jeLe* jèj Lm d, dk[ LV
LQec_*e Lc Le\a @cmc_* cê h[LX 95 kDR a=f,
jk[ LV LQee JXA bi èar a=f bi `Qf_ LedD
cmj jka JXhe Lch_e \m j ae^ Leae Hk QL `
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 60
kBNm c[ [ è Aec km jk @[ @hf_ d d JXA

bi HL j[ bi _k JXA bie d\ `L _ \aL Hke HL
LeZ ba D`y`[ LeNm
_S SZ a=f kB\m c^ DLf]`Le `[[ [\
j`]L `ZhL Neh*e e Hk L[ de D`d Saa ]B\m
[ke j`]L `[a]_e j mM\m : DLf Lac_ d jLf
LaNx eQ_ Le dBR [ke jk[ [f_ ]a`B AS `d M
c^ La a=f bie `Lh kB _k HL\ d\\ @V d, L
jk[, L NZ[, L bNf, L `L[L a] - jLf aie a=fe be
be Nx `Lh kB@R c[ Hk jLf `L @_a][ @`k[
j^_ `L L[M @R?
j^_ Nx cê a=fc_ a]jteL j`jw `L am
NZ Ha Hk Nx eQ_ Le jN[ be[ Qt e ]he aM[ kBR
L Hk a]jte NxWe JXA jk[ L[ jcw [k ]hB j
mM\m, a]jte eQ_e @_L ai àe JXhe ]_L ]j
ejLmf _cL `L eQ_ LeR [ke jk[ [f_ Le ]Mm
a]jte @[ @`L c_kH L eQ_ Q[d, L jba a_, L hi
J ScL eQ_ - jc aie ]_L a=fe be[ Qt*We @^L
èL mb LeR .......... ejLmf d ja aie a]jteWe
DL Nx [k jtk[[ (DLf]`L, 191866 J 20101866)
a_A]`B SmA[
bi J jk[e JXAWe @`L am Hkè ba ja
kBNm è _S `B HL `Q_ èQ[ MSa a=f*`l @èkd
kB`X\m Ha H\`B jc_ da[ SmA[ LeaL `[ \m
[\ L\[ a= jk[ èi] ]e 1916e `Lh[ S]a Qe[
`L Hk SmA[ k[ k jca kB\m dD `\ Hk `Le A]h
`\ am Hk èi] ]a Le\m j `\ La _ \m J _k am
aebc aaeZ ]B\a [\ àe [ `]r kB jeR, [\` LZj
[X[ @amL_ `B `_ ]ANm : LD A]h `\e Hk Nx _Lm
LedBR, [k SZdD _k H Nx @_ LDW c^ D`m _k
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 61
( EX %V` YU c+T A+ G XE_ E[ c^ Tc LX ^^ X+ * A G %^

EU [ Y[^ ^^ X+ *-[[\] [[[S, Y:209)
jkè @_`mb HL hfmè HL] M][ kB\a ]a
Le LZj LZj a=f HL hLL Af Le []_d h S]a
mlZ j_* jbLa \a ]h hLV km-Naw_ heZ S]a
Dc`[ LaeS e[_ `q[ mlZj Q HL èMe M][
kB Hk hLV mlZ j_* _] eSaVe LAX hb `D\m J
[ke ^j` b[e NX j_j he`j_[_ LAX HkL `B\m
am `Qe LedBR L _m awSac_ SZ d Hk HL
SmA[ e`j_[_ d] Hk `B\ [a [* _S mMe J jcLf_
LZj NX aa jk[e Hke DmM ]MaL cf L Hè
LR _k Lf La_XV ]e as_L `wre Hk [\ L\[ hfmè
aj _e`Z LedB SmA[ ê `Xda jk be `\eV kSdB\a
Lk kDR j[L hW[e jc L[ ]e dBè [k ]Ma`B
H D`M_V d\
jc SZ d NVH cRL OXBaL dB ak cRe Ah
_aL `X S ]a* a=f am cR `Qe Le\a a=fc_
@SLfe L`fL[ Ltfe Laf jc[ kB ek _k hM
hb] _cL HL `L mM kf^ ch _cL SZ a S ]a*
ajy_ \m _] am SZBR Ha H\e S ]a J `]a[*
_B @Sj c_NY Lc] M&R
Hk L`fL[ Lc]NXL j @O[ k[ H[ a] d
[L OO Lk a [ke jc_ ahjdN[e LZQH `Ba _k
[ke @Z ècZ ja k Laf c\ mk_ c\ [Z jk
Lc]NXL _ O [ke @jm c&L B[kje LiVe èl LedD
Hk c& km _]e S ]a* _aj B[kj jLe Le d
Q[_* `B S ]a \m A]h Ha Hk Hè jaS_a][ \m d,
Q[_* @_je[ `\ S ]a*We Aec kB\a dDc_ ahj
Le jc_ Q[_* aa Lk\a k[ aa[re A] AQd
ba S ]a* a c_ [Z, _]e d] S ]a* ajy_ \m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 62
[a _] _aj Q[_* Qe[c[ a [rm LZj NX aa

jk[e S ]a* _] _aj j`Le LZj DmM _ ekm
Lè? hMhb] Dè LZj Ne[ ]D\a LZj a=f H`d
Hke LZj LeZ MS _k LeZ, MSaL jkj Le _k LeZ,
Hk LeZMS ja Le]a d a_cf ]j* S]a Qe[ è Hk
a HL ]ebjujc[ L`fL[ `L, dk JXA S ]a* a=f
am ]MBae @hw J @h @bè k èj
hSN_\* _c Dè a SmA[
j[L k_c_[ bN\a L[L a=f Hè SmA[`B
H[ aN J L[jL d h S ]a* Sa_ mM Afe h SN_\*
ah_\ ba D`y`[ Le jkè ba NkZ LeaL HL `Le
_a]_ a LedBR LmL[e ]a jk[ cte _cL HL `Lh_
jy _`t L Qp`^ _cL SZ a* ]e eQ[ Q[ S]a
hiL HL `L `Lh LeR H\e mM @R, HL ]Me ai,
ame Hk ckLae Sa_e Lk_ Lme @[m [m ke NR,
`X AR h^ L[LNm Lk_ Ae Lc] [B \L HM_ Q
LeR, L_ Ae j[ ch ame jB @ce Lae Sa_L N\
[m[ ( "AE VfF[ [b^, [e_[ Ac ]cE[[ L[X[ EcX E_[
%T_ T_ c[^ G^K, YQ %J W ETEm_ EcX %[ EV * T+
UE AFX Jr E[K, E_YX^ %[ a^ ]`^ [e_[ a+ %][ E[[
L[XE GgU T_T* -Jy L^V[, Y. 5) j[e S ]a* a=f am
Lk [k `cZ LeaL L_e Ah _AdB\a L\ j` mML
jLe LeR j J [* è a=fc_ SZ d h S ]a
j`[ hSN_\ LtL kB\a k[ [*e JXA èQ @`jeZ
Lea @jca [Z Qp`^ Hk `Le `\c\e`B hSN_\*
ah_\ ba D`y`[ LeaL @`]c LeR Hk j BoLe k
LeR J Hk ah_\ hvVL a=f S[ ahie` NkZ LeaL j
_a]_ a LeR d\- La S]ae Sa_[ Ac BoLeB L_
L_ SN SN_\L ah_\ am DmM LeR Ace @_e^,
`WLaN d_ ah_\ hvVL ahie`B NkZ Le_, LeZ d_ SN[-
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 63
_\, [_B ah_\ (èc _a]_) a=mè Hk Hkè-E[ L^V[[

L[XT %] +KE[+ EX EX L^G^ LG~UE [`XU [_ ={F
E[K * %][ %X[W, YPE[G ^X [`XU ÒE [`b[Y+ GcS
E[X, E[S ^X LGT-XU, TX+ [`XU *(Y[ X[VX,Jy L^V[)*
Laf Qp`^ _k , L[L a=f DN AqfL[e @uNfe
Hè j[L ekS_ QfB QmR d jc_ ab_ NZc^ce
Ha ]eL `Zfe N[Nat S ]a* a=S[ am c\ ê
`VaL m @_ba Le _k Lt jk[ HLXcL aake Le
Makers of Indian Literature h<fe `je LedB\a j_[ Lce
QVS* JAYADEVA `L Hk mk_ ekS_e @_ HL _c_
QVS* Qma
S
[eL keZ è QVS Hk `Le j[ jce MjdaL
àf D]c LeR [* b[ee jk[-NaiL jr [* DV AqfL
@bju aewe aece a]k LeR L AqfL DV[e @eZ [*
@^L AL LeR j\`B j _Se NaiL-jre jwNXL
HXBda`B aN[ `Lh LeR
àe DmM Le dBR d, a= jk[ èi] ]e 1916e
`Lh[ S]a Qe[ `LL Aê Le L[L a=f S ]a*
a=S[ am ]a Leae mNR Hk `Le NkZdN[ aYBa`B
1801e a_cf ]j _cL a Hk eQ_ Le\a `Qe LeR
aebc aaeZL Dwr Le Hke @je[ àe DmM[ kBR QVS*
NaiL-jr Hk `L _bedN _k am c^ _ ]BR j
jLe LeR d Hk `Le LZj I[kjL cm _k ("The work
is of no historical value" - Jayadeva: Suniti Kumar Chatterji:
Sahitya Academy, New Delhi: 1973, p.4) Hke LeZ je` j
LkR d ` a_cf ]j akVe S ]a* ]]h h[ve MjB
AZ [* _S h[ve jy`[ LeR ("Even the date of Jayadev
has been brought down by the poet from the 12th to his own
century, when the feudal raja of Burdwan would appear to have
been the only big Hindu ruler known to Banamali Das." Ibid) L
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 64
Hk jr Hè HL L`fL[ `Le D~h `Z][ `QeL @jw

am j Lkè _k AqfL DN[ H\e a^ ]BR
[* NaiL-jr [* jLe LeaL a^ LeR d JXh S
]a* _S bc`[ ba ]hB AjR S ]a JXhe bc`[ am
ja Le L]e_\ ck`[ eM\a hhf dL `cZ-brL am
j jLe LeR j mMR : "In his well-documented book A
Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts of Orissa, in the
Collection of the Orissa State Museum, Bhubaneswar, Vol.II, by
Sri Kedarnath Mahapatra, Curetor of the Museum (published by
the Orissa sahitya Academy, Bhubaneswar, 1960), there is a
long article on Jayadeva and his Gita-Govinda considered from
various aspects(pp.XXXVI-LVI). In this learned article, some of
the contemporaries of Jayadeva, as much as Jayadeva himself,
have been claimed for Orissa on literary and other grounds." ( Ibid, p.6) L h ck`[ D`y`[ Le\a LZj [\ a dL
M_ _ Le a [k Dè LZj `[L _ eM, QVS Mj `fBR
HL b_ @eZL dk DkXe S ]a a=fe am LkV RXaL j
jkS c_ LeR
Hk @eZ km hê ]j* j`][ j]-Lc[ ab_
j[e ab_ ej[ hL jNk Le _S `jt @_e` @ê jNXL
j_k[ Le hê ]j jca[ _S c_e&_ a @_^_`B jNXL
aake Le\m Ha jNXLe h[c^d k[k j]-Lc[ è
hiLe j jNXL jSX\m H\e j_k[ hL a `]NXLe `L[
mML LH [k jcN[ [* SZ _ \m Ha j c^ [k SZaL Q
Le _ \m LeZ Hk jNkZe j [ke LZj jQ_ a LZj
mML èQ ]B _k dDW dk bm mNm jW [k jNk Le
j Hk j]-Lc[e èBR j[e H\e j_k[ hLNXL j
LZj cf `\e jNk Le\a jca_ Lc ae LZj LZj a]
jk[ ejL*We d[af dk hZR j[af [k V` eM è
jNXL HL[ Le aiLce jSBR; d\ :- (1) ]a-àk, dk
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 65
Che j`L[, (2) h=e-àk, dk e[LX j`L[, (3) QV-àk,

dk [ic] j`L[, (4) @`]h-àk, dk Rf j`L[ J (5)
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 66
QVS* Hk a[ d Hkè : "Sridhar dasa could not

have mixed up our Jayadeva (who was a well-known person in
the court of king Laxmana Sena and from whose Gita Govinda
he had also quoted some five verses, among the thirtyone given
by him as Jayadeva's) with some other poet bearing the same
name. Consequently, on the strength of these five verses from
the Gita-Govinda which have been rightly ascribed to Jayadeva
by Sridhara dasa, and considering also that Sridhardasa who
was a high functionary in the court of king Laxmana sena, it will
be quite permissible to assume that the author of all these thrityone verses quoted by him was none other than Jayadeva, poet
of the Gita-govinda." N[NatLe ba `jw @S_ Le\a S
]a* a=S[ am ]hBaL j Laf Hk HLc[ d aYR L
Hk d LkL HL a[ d [k `\c ]MdD [è ]Ma Hk
Lè A[O[
a[ d
QVS [* d Aec LeR Hk k Lk d, S]a _c
j`_ AD LD a* Ac S]a am ]hBa hê ]j* `l
jca kB _ \a @[ ^r[e jk Ac S]a è HL Af_
eMjem è, Hk [\L\[ Ac S]a*e èQ c^ ak baQ
j au_ b[e ]BR H\e j mMR, Hk S]a kDR jk
S]a d L eS mlZ j_* ]eaee SZ ja][ èi] \m J
dk* N[Nate k j S]a bZ[ ba D`y`[ Le\a 31V
hLe ` `qV Dwe LeR HkW af j[L hW[ L'Z AD
\Bè? Laf NVH LeZ k[ Hk hW[ jca kBR [k
km, `WL c_e mlZ j_* èi] S]a J N[Nat S
]a HL J @b_ am HL êZ SeSae] m]]ae L[ @bju
N[Nate N\[ `]afNXLe mML S ]a La a
mlZ j_* èi] _ \m J LZj ac[ma _m B[kjar
La a LDW [* mlZ j_* èi] am Lk _k ae j]O
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 67
aa]e ahiZ Le `ca=e ja][ NaiL `$je j[Lc j_N

mlZ j_* jk S ]a* dXda HL kj] ab am LkR
"The propaganda that Jay Dev was a court poet of King
Laxmansen is absolutely ridiculous as the poet preceded this
particular king by at least a century"(http://orissamatters.com/
news/index.php/2003/11/13/oriyas-by-birth/) dD a=f a]_c_
`]hL[ ]ie AL _k jc_ S ]a JXA am Lè
OiZ LeR [k Ac ê ê @^L ]Ma L QVS*
a[ de cf `d da`B mlZ j_* èi]e S ]a SZ
Ne[` j]j \m am j eM\a OiZ Lè HL brk_ a_aS
[k be[ `Q_ aPe `\c ]Ma H\`B bcf è
j[L B[kj Nxe Qt ]r L'Z mMR [k `_ae ]MdD
j mMRSN_\è` ]h QaLfb^
Ltam B[ M[ Nc akZjLf
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a]bje[ h èirc`SL
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HL_Q[eh jN)
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\a N[NXLe _cZLe S ]a hSN_\* `SL \m j JXhe
S_ kB\m Ha DLf ]hy hSN_\* aSyf è jkee jcàr
Ltam _cL HL jc] [ear Nce S_ NkZ Le j] ja]
a]bje[ ek N[Nate N[NXL h SN_\* _a][ Le _SL
L[\ c_ Le\m Hk jac_ j[L B[kj N[Nat
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La a mlZ j_* èi] _ \m
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 68
cte ]e c][, aa La L ]j* ]e N\[ @_[c j[L

B[kj Nx h h bcf Hk j[e D`y`_ a=f bie k LeR
d\:
Ltam _c Nc jNe kB[
hc_ S]a ]S kBm a][
x x x x x x
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N[Nate N\[ ]k `]`mac]e `Pe eQ_ j
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`L eM j^ j_ Leae /Nc_ Lem [a jNee _e // x x
x x lZc[ ]M `_ jc] Nc_ / j_ Le `_ @w Lh ANc_//
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LeZ N[Nate \a N[NXLe _c[ S ]a Lj_Lf mlZ
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 69
j_* jbj] _ \m
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 70
[\ O[m h aj 3
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XB`X A[k[ Le\m HkL A^]aL am ]hB __ AMLe
j kB\m J ec* cd]èie c_[ ]B jcSe èi`^_e
]YLeZ`B D]c kB\m (http://orissamatters.com/news/
index.php/2002/04/11/ram-the-man/)
Hk èi`^_e èjc`B èah j LeaL D]c
Le\m ]`_ aj ckbe[e j Lakm bm _ \m d
èi`^_e jdN _B Fi èhe [* S_][* Dè afLe
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 71
Le\m J [~e Nba[ kB\a [* @aak[ S__ jcSL ajte

hLe kB _] c^y HL ]è ek [* S_ ]B\m _S S__
@= _bB\a Hk m}_ j La a bm _ \m j\`B èi`^_e
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j[[ @b`[ \m
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a^Nc mf[ Lcf L `]afNXL c^ce j` jQ[_ D]c
Le\m Hk LcaSd_ ah `[ ] ALiZ Le HL AmQ_ c
eM\m ]_L jc]e cB 11, 1997 jeZe S]a j[L
èi] _cL HL jy dk S ]a* @jm èQL B[kjWe mQB
eMaL jeLe Lfe ]e`dN LeR, [ke j`]L* c^ce c
AmQ_e `[Le S ]a LcaSd_ aw _k è A^[a]
kt aa am d eM\m jc]e cB 25, 1997e $fe N[
Nate A^[a] ae^ ah hiL ahiZ c[ `_ eMaL
kB\m jc]e S_ 08, 1997 jeZe [ è Hk jy _ea
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de èb[ ka è Hk jy S_ jêZ* ab Lea
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Ske Le eMa`B eS jeLe* j[ [\ jQ_ J mLj`L
a b NL Ha Hè L S m `fc_* a aak e Le R ( http://
orissamatters.com/news/index.php/2005/05/17/birthplace-ofjayadev/ ) dk ]MdDR, Hk jy hS ]a* cfL[ Dè
AO[ kZ QmR S ]a* cfL[e k__`B JXh eS jeLe
aak[ ka è [* j`Le Qm\a B[kje aL[LeZ Ake
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 72
`L[ [\ SZaL Qk jc_ [* cfL[ Dè @N`^_ ]a

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akZa]e Hk d\oQe je $V DW\m è Naw_`We
h*eQd _f_t jej[*We, 1994e LZj ckf a]^_
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LeNm kcfWe LceL `d Laf `\e a ka am j ^cL
a ]m c [e [ke HL Saa eMm jc]e 1 cn 1994
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 73
kB\m a Ha _S AMe _S ]f[ j`] @N[ kB\m a

eS_[L Qe[QLe j SZ akZa] c^`]he cMc `]e
aamm Ne* a]Le 2005 _bcee [* y_e haeS j Qk_*
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ak LeZ dk kB\D_ LkL
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 74
[èZ Leèa _k am LfNe ah* L\e `X j hcL*

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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 75
aaha] k akZa]
c[ @_ Dè A^`[ ae Le _Se @\m, Lcm,
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 76
Le j akZa] be[e Ad ^c Hk Q[_ Dè Aê[ c[

be[e A]c @âj* ^c a A]c ^c Hke aè[ A]aj cAL
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jc_ èi `^_ @l eMa L _ee c_aL cd] Dè BoL[ba
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_aj bec_ D]c Le\a k[ jWe MH[c_ jc_* Oe
Dè ALcZ Le, mLc_* LaSL _B, jc_* cê L[L*
Dè `haL @[Qe Lea Ha DmN Le ee amBa (Dalit
women paraded naked in Puri village:Times of India, dated 23
September 2005) cfe \a c_ar àc_* ]j am ja
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22 NV àue _eL LcbN y[e Lc`j y[L D_[ LeBa
Ha èie aZ af [f_e [e c_aL @^Lee cd] d ckre
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 77
jcSL @[Qee am`_`B aw^c Ak_ ]B\m $fe èie

hhf @[Qe Lafe _eL c Le d_Qde [e cd] aw`B
dD jcSL aà Aec kB\m -[k aw]hL Aê Le LcaSd_e
j[`[ Le \m h S ]a \m Hk LcaSd_ aw[re
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jk[ D`m _ \m Hk @ba ]e LeaL j mM_ Qf_ Le\m
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d j d_ jjN l[e _eL èie jcLl J HèL èiWe
ckre bcLe jy`[ LeR [* _e LZj èie `haL
me D`k_ hLe _k; j a}_, j at_, j ``S
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 78
j=c `B @c= _eL af`NLe îZ Le\a af Lccr èi

jk _ee bN a S__tL c^ l[ al[ Le`LBa ]eLe LeZ
[~e k jk _e ]bN J dhk_ kB ] bNa (]bN[ M[
@dh Ha ba[)
a]L ^c Afe _eL èie a_ àre ahar kB ekaL
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 79
O_ Ba [ef afL
[X]a `[ e[ aè[
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j_k[ _ac `kQe `qc `])
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 80
jNk LeaL èhc Le\m Ha jNXL dè_ j_k[ Le\m

_S Nxe ]MdH, j [* SN_\l[ jcàr [tam (Ltam)
Nce S_ kB\a [ mMR L mlZ j_* eSjb jk
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`_e kD\m c^ `j=L[ ]e aQ[ NemL[
j[ jk[L B[kje dD _ màw kBR [ke @a[eZ
LedBè 1960e `Lh[ Hk Ne[` _ km : mlZ j_*
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La S]a*We b_ \m (Vn-nE {j Mi-Mxn E Si
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]a* j A]h[ SZ\ [a H\`B kH[ jkj Le _ \
A]h [ ]e, eN J [f a a=f* @SZ
c_e `h DWR, QVS L'Z HjAVL jjBVe `[[ [\
S ]a* L[e A] BeS @_a]L je DBmc S_j* N[Nat
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 81
`L ba a jLe LeR Hke LZj `[a]_L j M_ Le

_k @[Ha H\e `]r [\e c_[L j c_R Hk cMaue
S_j mMR d h S ]a _Se @`]NXL _~ _~ eN J
[f Dè Aê[ Le\a af a=eSe j ja eN J [fe
`Qf_ _\m J a=fc_* [k SZ a _ \m je S_j a=eSe
Hk eN J [fNXLe dè_ ju_ Le\m Ha Hk _e D`_[
kB\m (On the musical modes of the Hindus,1784)
Hè @aye j`[ eN J [f Ah La S ]a* a=f
am QVSH Lkm Lc[ ? dD k_c_[ k[ L[L a=f [*
a=S am ]MBaL à @`]c Le\m [ke cê QVS d]
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LeR d, S ]a mlZ j_* jbLa \a `cZ[ kB_k TX
_S aS[ a\E[ K_X, T Y]ST c^X (^G[S, LX 7, 1967) a=fe
a] jcSe S ]a mlZ j_* jbLa \m am H`d dD
jw Nk[ kB\m [k NkZdN _k am j LkR (L^V[
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T' GcS^^ X^ * A^) Hk aLV `[ ] ]m kH d `$je
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 82
jbLa ba ]a Le d[ jw j Le dB \m j jaNXL Nbe

ba @_^_ LeR J jNXLe j[j[ [Sc Le jNXL NkZdN
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 83
Q]j a]`[ / ee _VL N[ / Lc[ hN[Nat

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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 84
è @_j J j[_ a= NaiL* Dèwr _NXL M_

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Hk j[_ju_ NaiL* [* LmL[ ajba_e bV\m be[e
HLc[ j[ aha ] f-Utkal University of Culture-e [Lf_ Lf`[
_et Lce ch J Sri Jaya Deva State Museum of Orissa e
[raêL Qtb_ `Vm 2003 j`Vcee LmL[y Nej]
jNk fe cM Ahi Lce QLar Ha jQa BtZ j_N* D`y[ e
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 85
`[e HB AQeZL Kw[ kja ]Mm_ x x x x HB _ `[`[ e[c[ HLV c_cf_e j km x x x x mlZ jZ
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Sa_e hi ckr `d Lh _eh* Ah^_ kB ek\m Hè
@aye [* @^_e S ]a SZ jbLa ba Lf[`[ Le\a
A] NkZdN _k http://orissamatters.com/news/index.php/
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 86
2003/09/24/sengupta/ e H j`L aaeZ Hkè: "Rejecting the

much trumpeted averments on Jay Dev's alleged position of a
court poet of Laxman Sen, Prof. Sengupta made it clear that the
king occupied the throne in a very elderly age only to be dethroned by Vaktiar Khilij in 1200 A.D. Quoting literary evidence
from Kula Darpan authored in Bengali language by Trbhuban
Mohan Senbarma, self-proclaimed 26th generation heir of poet
Dhoyi, whose name is catenated with Sri Jay Dev in the edited
compilation of his songs and published in 1942, Prof. Sengupta
pointed out that the said Laxman Sen, on being ousted soon
after occupying the throne, had to live till his last day under the
shelter of the Raja of Kasi. This exposure on Laxman Sen has
been supported by not only Dr. Sukumar Sen, but also by many
eminent historians. Hence, Jay Dev being his court poet is a
propaganda that can never earn approval of history".
@S Lfe Ltf k _\m
èar Lfe, 2003 _bce 11 J 12e LmL[e àqf
j[L Lt (Eastern Zonal Cultural Center) J DLf j[
aha]fe cf[ A_Lme S ]a J aw* `L[ S_y_ _e`Z
`B ba _heW e AS[ HL j`_e @bb iZ ]B `$je j_N
Ha ah NaiL Ahi Lce QLar Le]B\m d S ]a*
jce @S_] Lfe Ltf am LZj Nc k _ \m (In strong
disapproval of those who have been trying to link Jaydev's birthplace to a place called Kenduli on the embankment of river Ajay
in West Bengal, Prof. Sengupta cited historical documents to
show that there was no such village on such an embankment at
the time of the poet.-http://orissamatters.com/news/index.php/
2003/11/13/oriyas-by-birth/
LmL[We j Lk\m, @S _] Lfe dD SNL Ltf
am ]hdDR [k Lakm S ]a* S_y_ kB _ è
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 87
LeZ Hk _] _] aece [e N[`\ èar_`B LM[ Hke Hk

O_ O_ `\ èar_ eLaL d Le D`y`[ HL br`[ HjAVL
jjBV 1925 Mve `Lh Le\m H\e Hk _] Lè c[
[_ aie j[ \e [e N[`\ èar_ Le\m [k ]hdB\m Hk
I[kjL ]mmL br Le `$je j_N Lk\m, d] 800 ai [f
@S _] `L[e \m [a ah h[ve [ ]BLfe au auda
`d [k _ kSe kSe \e [e N[`\ a]fB je\a [Z,
Hk _] Lfe dD SNL Ltf am QkV LedDR, [k S ]a*
jce A] _ \m d\- He said, the place now being projected as Kenduli on the bank of river Ajay in the Bengal can
never be the birthplace of Jay Dev. This particular river is marked
for frequent change of her fluvial path. A report justifying the
need to discipline Ajay, published by Asiatic Society in 1925, has
shown how within a span of three years, this change had occurred seven times! This being the nature of the river, if at all
she had her flowage 800 years ago, she must have changed
her path thousands of times, till construction of embankments in
both her sides in the 20th century. Hence it cannot be accepted
that the place Kenduli shown on the bank of Ajay was in existence during days of the great poet.( http://orissamatters.com/
news/index.php/2003/09/24/sengupta/ )
H ]e ]Mm, S ]a* @S _] Lfe [\ L\[ Ltf
jk dXa bNfL j[e è`x B[kj c^ S ]a* a=
j`LL @jLe Le `$je j_N* c[e S ]a mlZ j_*
jbLa am dD `Qe QmR [k @[ kj] LeZ j \m
mlZ j_* ` hk ai àe La (The propaganda that Jaydev
was a court poet of King Laxmansen is absolutely ridiculous as
the poet preceded this particular king by at least a century. http://orissamatters.com/news/index.php/2003/11/13/oriyas-bybirth/
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 88
AceL e bm V d_b j V e HjA_ AV k ee `$je

\a X. \cj B. X_mXj_ ` Hk L\ k LkR
ah jb[L JXhe @a]_ j`Le ak D`] _au J
`L eQ_ LeR X_mXj_ [_ê ekR Hindu Temple Arts
of Orissa in three volumes (Leiden 1985-87), Kamadeva's Pleasure Guarden-Orissa (Delhi,1987), Sculptural Masterpieces from
Orissa: Style and Iconography (New Delhi, 1998), Ornaments of
Orissa (Delhi,1998), The Iconography of Vaisnava Images in
Orissa (New Delhi, 2001), Iconography of Buddhist Sculpture of
Orissa in two volumes (New Delhi, 2001), and Tantra and Sakta
Art of Orissa in three volumes (New Delhi, 2002). B[]
S ]a* j`Le Hbf SZ L[a] ahe]* D _
Ne[` ahi Le j SZ j` @m a j JXA _k L
a=f _k L be[ a _k [Z S ]a* aèe [* c[
LZj `l`[ ]i] kae LZj LeZ k _k [Z [* c[
ahi `Z^_dN j LkR : S]a* mlZ j_* jcjcL
am a=fc_ dD ]a LeR j jè A] _ \m j[e
[* [* jbLa am Lka @[ kjLe The poet was not at
all a contemporary of Bengal's King Laxman Sen as claimed by
the Bengalis and hence it is quite absurd to say that he was his
court poet. - http://orissamatters.com/news/index.php/2003/02/
16/donaldson/
@[Ha Laf bNfL [r _k, B[kj [r c^ mlZ j_*
jk N[Nat hiLe D`m @`]NXLe N[Le S ]a*e
LZj j`L \a jca_L `[M_ LeR j[L [r c^ Hè
LZj j`LL NkZ Le _k a=fe @S _] Lfe dDW
S ]a Ltf cf ajR [k Lè Ltf _k àe [ke `cZL
AmQ_ jeR cfV [a L cf ? Hk Le]BR X
Ah[i bpQd j LkR, Hk `L[e aDm cf J S ]a*
S_ jk Hke LZj j`L _k ([[\][ EV_T %XT [a[E
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 89
]_ %a_ [=_ ]_ A[e L^V[[ LX[ a A[ EX aeYE X+* [_ acE ^G[S-LX 7, 1967) DmM_ d X bpQd [*e Hk
c[ 1969 Mve aia cf_ cqe LVLWe `\c D`y`[ Le\m
`S[ `Qe jc[ `le AS[ kBAj\a Hk j`jw jk[
cfe `^_ @[\ ba dN ]B j Lk\m, c HWL Aj A`Z*
jMe biZ ]DR am Hk Lk _k SZ NaiL kjae c
]Y[e jk[ LkR d x x x x a=fe Ltfe dD cf kH, [k S
]a* `B _k; aDm j`]e jk cf jk[ S ]a _ce
LZj j`L _k (`S[, 15 H`m 1969) @[Ha @S _] Lfe
jk cf jk S ]a*e LZj j`L _k X bpQd 1969
H`me LVLe jaM[ jej[ jcah aia cf_e Hk dD
NaiZm [\ D`y`[ Le\m [kL S_ cje a= mè a=f
jkL dNaZe `Lh[ LeB jc a=bibic_* @aN[ a
LeB\m LZj a= a]_ H`d X bpQd* Hk _e`ZL
M_ Le _k Lt jk[ HLXce ]e`dN Le ahaj*
`[e[ LeaL Q Le\a j_[ QVS c^ _k
a]h NaiL ( J jk[ j` _e `l ) `$je X_mX j_
X bpQd* è j[e @a[eZ LeR [* àwr a_e j
LkR, mlZ j_* jbj] ka [ ]ee L\, S ]a a=fc_*
s_NQee c^ _ \m Q[_* @_jeZ Le JXh dB\a
a=fc_ Q[_* A^[L Ssje `ryf èe N[Nat `[
jc_* `b* àf @_e ml Le a=eSe S ]a* dh `Qe
Le\m è d[af JXh am[ hj_^_ kBNm Ha `hj_L
LeZe [ Dè `ba ae`B a=fc_ ja^ `BNm, AqfL
@je @u kB jc_* b[e L[L j[af JXhe Hk ck_
La* A[j[ LeaL Q Le\m (The Bengalis had no knowledge of Sri Jaya Deva till a section of them following Sri Chaitanya
came in contact with his love songs at Puri where the later had
found his final quest-point on philosophy. The said protagonists
of Goudiya sect, charmed as they were by their Master's rever-
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 90
ence for Sri Jaya Deva, spread his fame in Bengal. And, later,
when Orissa lost her freedom to British power that clubbed her
administration to Bengal, in an urge of chauvinism, attempts were
made to appropriate this splendid son of Orissa by a section of
Bengalis.(Dr. Thomas E. Donaldson, Professor in Asian Art History at the Cleveland State University of America, while addressing a seminar on 'Sri Gopinath and Jaya Deva' organized by the
Utkal University of Culture at Soochana Bhawan, Bhubaneswar.)
http://orissamatters.com/news/index.php/2003/02/16/donaldson/
Hk jc LeZe aQe Lm, h S ]a* mlZ j_* èi]
am Lk Mj jk ]e j a=f am j_[ Lce QVS dD d
eMR [k Laf HL a[ d
QVS* d Laf a[ _k, A[O[ a
Hk d LkL A[O[ [k Ha `Z^ j mMR: j]
Lc[e S]a* mM[ 31V hL @R [_ê L[L aeej
a&L J habLtL kB\a af 19V mlZ j_* `haQL J
@ah `qV N[Nate Dw[ Hk Lk S]a Laf `cN[
mML _k è jk[e ab_ abNe àh J è]h[ \a SZ
mML am `cZ LeaL j Q LeR j LkR, j] Lc[e
y_[ 31V hLe dk[ 19V mlZ j_* `haQL jk[ [ke
mML _ mlZ j_* jbj] \m Hk j] Lc[e jLfL
hê ]j dk[ mlZ j_* ]eaee SZ Dn `]^Le ("A
high functionary in the court of king Laxmana Sena") \m, jk[
j Hk S]a* aN[ ba SZ\a jbaL am j LkR Ha
[[ j= j= LkR, Hk hê ]j dk[ S ]a* N[Nate
`qV hL j] Lc[e eMR jk[ @_ hLNXLe mML
_ N[Nat S ]a kB\a @[Ha, mlZ j_* jbj]
S]a J N[NatLe S ]a SZ k a am Af_ LeR
QVS
j] Lc[e Lè LZj `cZL cd] _k [k H\ àe
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 91
AmQ[ kBjeR Laf d`B d] a H\e LR Ne[ ]AdH,

[a QVS* d [je Oe è bhX `XR N[Nate `qV hL
H\e j_k[ kBR am QVS LkR L j jc* @s am
aQe Hk c\ L\ LkR j] Lc[e N\[ \a dD `qV
hLL j N[Nate Dw[ am LkR jNXL h S ]a* mM
_k
Hk hLNXL km :
1-Sha_ck[ Ba cteLjc
j jteZ ]èZc] c][ Ba
bS`XLXk[Laf`XLeZ
`LjNatS[ bS]ZX ceS[
2-@=ibeZ Le[ akh `[` jqeZ
` [ èh*[ a[_[ hd Qe ^[
B[L aL[ eQ_ jLmfh[aj` a_ [ ae[__i _h _i[
3-D_f[`mL*eZ_aXhh_ciZQ
LXL[amL_êj^`_ L\_cb
A_t^Nc_ c_\Lfdw`dj_b]]b[ j [abaje[ec `baL
4-ce* e[LfjLfeZec [ jkj` LS Lq]è èc dbc[
_t SO_yf h\f[ ]ameL-[
al cf[clèiej Z L[ j^[
5-[j `Vf`ZS*[ce _]Li ]h
_w[êhZc amf[ jjS cwS
Lq]c]eh\qfc[`[_M[]heb Lche][cb[c_Lf[c
Hk `qV dL `] b[e LDW km h S ]a* cêLcfL-`]af ekR ? A] _k H\e LZj NVH c^ S
]a* mM _k L N[Nate jLf[ kB\a N[ _k h S
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 92
]a `L[e L'Z mM\m J LkL mM\m [k [* à_e

ekR d\d] kejeZ jej c_
d] afjLfj L[kfc
cê-LcfL-`]af
hZ [] S ]a jej[c
@[Ha ke* jeZe @\[ keL e` aw* `x QLe
jejc_ kD\a mL* afjLf Ssj è` Le LcaSd_e
@b`[ c\_h ]h_e è`LeZ`B h S ]a LcLf[L Lcf
L `]afNXL eQ_ LeaL c_y Le\m Ha [] b_ j @_ LR
a mM _ \m aw jkSd_e Hk jkL jk[ jk[e _eL
LcbN y[e Lc`j y[L D_[ Lea \m [* @b` Ha
H\`B j [* mf[ J ja^ `]afNXL mM\m Ha 22V dL
`]afL @`] ba k N\[ Le\m H\ jk N\[ Le\m à_,
c=fQeZ J jc`Z [Z QVS DmM Le\a Dè J
@`j=L hLNXL j mM\a @jca
è Ac ]Ma Lè d~o `l hLeh]e h S ]a*
`L[ @b`L _b Le`LBaL iXd kBR d] Ha Laf d
@_eê ê _AdH d QVS \B\a hLNXL S ]a k mM\ m,
[a jw HNXL S ]a* jeZ L[ ba _AdBèa_k d
LZj B[e La HNXL mMè Ha Hkè ak B[e hL j[
aPce br kB ekR h S ]a jeZ kB ekR Laf
[* @__jêZ cê Lcf L `]af a @`]NXL `B
hê ]j d] QVS* Lka @_je h S ]a* jkLc ( mlZ
j_* Rce jk-èi] ) \m J [* aN[ba SZ\m, [a
V`M[ j] Lc[e j S ]a* @`]NXLe LZj `] _ V`
QVS \B\a Ne[k_ hLNXL V`\m LkL?
jc_ c\ MfBm SZka d, hê ]j Hè Le\m
dk[ j N[Nate N[Le h S ]a* A] SZ _ \m L [*
`]afNXL j] Lc[ V` kadH j_* eSe `kq _ \m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 93
a=e e^ _ \m, _ \m a L
`$je j[Lc j_N d\\[ LkR d, mlZ j_* af
N[Nat [ ak[ ]e, e^L `cL\ a a= eSe `kq _ \m
[* c[e, e^L `cL\ Q[_* JXh ekZ è k a= eSL
dBR `[[rL ahiZ c^ Hk L\ ja Le be[e @_[c
`jw `[[ra[ eMm Qt a_S Nbe NaiZ è dD [\ ]BR
[k Hkè : `Q LfLe e^L dNfcre ]eZ @ba d èml[
kBR Laf [ _k, a= a akee LZj y_e `q]h h[v àe
LZj L cr jw ] NQe kB _k dk ]MdH, Q[_*
@b[\_è k e^L [r be[e Dreà eSNXLe `je[
kBR ("Not only do we find a very great scarcity of combined
images of Krishna and Radha in the Eastern School, but no image of Krishna by himself earlier than the fifteenth century has
been discovered anywhere in Bengal and Bihar. The popularity
of Radha Krishna cult in the North-Eastern provinces of India
appears to date from the advent from the great reformer
Chaitanya".- Eastern Indian School of Medieval Sculpture, Chapter VI, p.127/ Archaelogical Survey of India, New Imperial Series,
Vol.XLVII, 1933)
L e^L dNfcr D`j_L Ne[ ]D\a NX
aac_* ab_ ^ch iXh h[v c^bN jw Hke `je c^
Lè OV _ \m [ke j*[ ]H D]keZ je` ke b afj
]a NX aa[re @_[c ]NNSba j_[ Njc N`f
bp 1543 Mve ata_ ^ce Hk jLf[ Le\m H\e cra^_
@ê ml-_eZ, eLZ-L B[] cr _cZ `B aay \aaf
e^-L cre _cmM k _k d] h S ]a J [* N[Nat
j_k[ e^ J [* _L L H[afL jw ata_e `kqè\
[a kebafj Nxe jc_* cr NW_ L\ _ ek\
dk ]MdDR, 1543 L'Z , 1615 Mv `d c^ NX
aa ^ce Hk `jw Lte h S]a* e^ `kq _ \m LeZ
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 94
Hai La e S L ]j Nj c* ] e a t a_ ^ce k e Q [
hQ[_Qe[c[e jWe `S`D\a c]_N`f [\ Nat* `[c
jk e^*e LZj `[c `S`D\ae LZj jQ_ jw _k @è`l,
jWe Nat a c]_N`f* jk e^ `\c `S `D_\m am
aaNx be[Le [ OiZ LeR d\ :
hNat d jc `LV kBm / j jc hc[ e^L _B Rm //
Rm_ hc]_ck_ `b HR / jl` Lk h d km LR //
( `G[V ^ a]^ YEO c+_ / a a]^ `]T [WE X+ K_ // K_X
`]VX]cX Y\ AK / aelY Ec^ ` ^N c_ EK // )
e^ JXhe j
B[kjar @ce_\ e* _e dk SZ`X, JXhe SZ
eS akLf è ata_e HL aNk `he `\c e^ cr y`_ Lm
è LfLc @_ aNkc_* jk e^ Ae^_ `Qf[ kB\m
("The deities installed by the Goswamins at Vrundabana were
single images of Krushna; that long after their times a Chief of
Orissa sent to Vrundabana the first Sri murti which was installed
by the side of one of the deities and the omission in case of
others was made good gradually".-Indian Culture, Vol.V, No.2)
@[Ha, Dre be[e (J @_[) HL Ae^ ]a ba e^ _ce
`jeZ Laf JXhe http://orissamatters.com/news/index.php/
2002/10/11/radha/
JXhe ck]^ jb[ jNe alL mDV Qm\a Sf[e=e
_eao_[e Sa_[re dD hik_ je` @_ba Le\m [L Aê
Le h S ]a Lè _fb jNeL hi ml keL (ke) ba J
afbce mfLe jk hi mlyfe am_ kBdaL Do_ kD\a
Sfehe hb $_f mDV êL e^ ba L_ Le ke J e^*
`ce j*[L[ b[e aSd_ _L dNB ]B\m HL hhf
jk[ _S àu[ @`]NXL c^ce [ke jQ_ àe ]A jeR
be[Le Le]BR d h S ]a* e^ JXhe j kB
JXh _eh* k[ JXh ake ahi[ ata_e `kq\m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 95
Hkk B[kje jL[ H[~ e^* j`Le a=fc_

cfL[ @s \m Ha Hk j_ [ d e^* `c[re `\c La_Le
h S ]a* j`Le [* Sa[aye a= eS J a=f S[ c^
j` @s \m j[e mlZ j_* eSjbe j SZ jbj] \a
OiZ Le j_[ Lce QVS [* a=S[ am ]hBaL d[ d
aYR j jc d j` _eê J Laf @`L_e A[jaS Mf
[k _jtk LkdBè
B[kje OiZ : h S ]a \m JXA
`ZhL LaQt LfQeZ `p_L, L]e_\ ck`[, bNa_
`[, _fcZ ch, bNa_ ` `cM `M[ jej[-B[kj-ar h S
]a* JXA[ @LV hfe `[`][ LeR L Hc_ jc
JXA Lf JXA S[[e A[hd Hc_* `ba[ Le\a Hè
LZj Ah* Lk c_L h _ Le, HB\`B h S ]a* JXA[
j`L e Hc_* _w eZL _ dB, c Laf @ZJXAc_* @_j _e` Ze
_dj eMa Hè L[L _e`l c[ Dè Dwr kBjeR [ke
`_emM _Le Ha Ac ]Ma j[_ a=f a]_c_ L'Z LkR
S]a Rm_ JXA (L^V[ K_X CQ%)-Hk LkR LmL[
aha]fe [Lf_ @^`L X Ah[i bpQd, a=f bie S_`
jkL `[L dNaZe S_ 9 , 1969 jeZe
X jLce j_ mMR, DXi èe @_[]e `Q_]e
ê Ltam Nc AR x x x c_ kB[ è d N[Nate NY
A]ej DXie ctee HL êZe y`[ heB `[$f_, j[e
S]a DXi _ajB kBa_ (=Q^^ Y[[ %XTV[ YJXV[ W[
EV[_ G] %K xxx ]X c+T Y[ ^ GTG[V[ GR %V[a =Q^[
]V[[ AE W[S[ Y^ `_Y[+ YTZ_X, aT[e L^V[ =Q^ X[a+
c+[X* [_ ac^[ +Tca, YU] F-Y>[WW, 1967)
DLf_ S]a_ (=iEx Vnx) am mM\a HL
`Q_ `\ @$X aha]fe aXm_ NxNee ekR, dk h
S ]a* JXA[e HL jej[ `cZ @^`L X ja[ eD[
jWe JeH m B_ Q Ve @^`L VL ee* jk NaiZe[ \aaf
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 96
Hk `\ [* ]L Aj\m a=f bie `jw ]_L jc]`[

dNe 1960 _bce 13 [eM jeZe `\c è Hk Mae ]B
`[a]_e èce mM\m, La S ]a DXi S_Rm_ (E[
L^ V[ =Q^^ LXK_X)
be[ bi èi ] `le `Lh[ jtbb e[ `[L e @NmMe
AS[L M[j`_ j[[rs X hc[ L`f a_ mMR, JXh
S ]a* _aj y_ a S_ y_ ba c_ (=b VnE x
lx Vxlx x M )
Drebe[L jx èè (=kiE xl {{) Nxe kt
jej[ SN[e ah NaiL X `hec Q[a] mMR, S ]a*
S_y_ a[ JXhe jWe è _LVy `Q _cL LZj _]Lfe
Ltfhj_ _cL Nce [*e S_ [*e JXA[e @_ HL `cZ
km Hk k d, jWL mL La* jk @^L èQ[ x x x JXh
`]hV aa j`] è aw aSd_ Ha jkSd_ j`]e HL
`jw Lt \m J S ]a* jkSd_ j`] ]e `ba[ am
LkdH @[Ha, S ]a JXh `]he cf _aj kB\a jca
(<xE Vxlx i Exn x M+ , =b |xi {E
xE] E |Sxn { +li * <xE =b+ xE |h < i
nJ Vi E, E M < E +vE {Si Vx {bi
* =b |xi h |n E i rE X x B V x
|nE BE |r Exp SE + V n E Vx |n
n |i Ei * +iB E V n =b |xi E
x )
ba_hee \a h S ]a JXh eS jNkfe L13332
Lc*e jel[ cke a]_ ke]j keQt* j`][
N[Nate j eM\a cMau c^ JXhL k La* S_y_ ba
]hBR Db ceW J BeSe j Hk cMau mMR H\e @R
hSN_\ l[ `j Ltam _c Ncc L_LaS S[_ bS]a
_c akZ k[ [_ e^ _c k[ [\ hS]a La D`_
\ ceW bie HL\ Lk BeS bie a Hk L\ j ahaj*
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 97
SZBR d\-xxxx near Jagannath there lived in Village named

Kenduvilva, Bhoja Deva, a Brahmin of Kanyakubja family. He
had a wife named Radha from whom Jaya Deva, the king of
poets took birth.
ae]Qe j[ jk[e B[kj N\[ LeaL dB mMR,
S ]a 12V àue N[Nat eQ_ Le\m JXhe Ltam Nc
[* S_ y_ ("He is the author of lyric Gita Govinda in twelve
cantos. He was born in Kenduvilva, a place in Orissa.")
L `jw jk[ NaiL X. b. eOa_ hl[ èWe @ay[
j[ cka]fe Hke Qn Le dD hfe _S _ eMR
[k @__ Hè L'Z Lk b @R d Hk ]h (JXh)e `[[
SN_\* ]h_ _ Le? Hè L'Z Lk jk[L @R d H eSe
`[ jk[]`Z @^_ _ Le? Hè L'Z Lk NL @R d H
eSe `j[ N[Nat N_ _ Le? (L a b H[~h`[[
SN_\ _ `h[ ? L a jk[L H[~h`[ jk[]`Z _^[ ?
L a NL H[~h`j[ N[Nat _ N[ ?)(`[ _fcZ ch,
cMau `-R, L]e_\ ck`[* h S ]a J N[Nat, jh^[
jeZ, 1997)
eOa_* Hk `h h S ]a* JXA[L `h[[ Le]BR
H ja ]e ]Mm jc j[_, _m J _e`l NaiL
N[Nate N[Le h S ]a* JXA am _ LeR
[* a=f am j_[ QVS* è dD L[L a `Qe
QfBR jc_ j` L`fL[ J brk_ d afe j[L
ekS_ k Laf QfBR
Hk ac_* AQeZL j[L @j^[ `de eMR
be[ Le A^_L a]h NaiLc_* cê Ne c_ X \cj
B. X_mXj_ AceLy bm V _bjVe HjAe LfL[
B[kj `YD\a Hk aM[ `$je N[Nat `jwj`_ La S
]a* a=f am ]hBaL kB\a J kD\a jc Q cfe
j[L @j^[ _k[ am LkR Sri Jaya Deva was an Oriya by
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 98
birth and every attempt to link him to Bengal by a section of

the Bengalees must be construed as an act of cultural
dishonesty.(Supra) [* c[e h S ]a* a=f am ja
LeaL dD jc de @a[eZ LedDR jNXL H[ _eê J
]af d j[L B[kje LZj j[_ R[ [k Dè Ne[ ]B _
è a]h h Lafe JXhe `ba `hf kBNm è Hk
La* _cL @j^ Dè mlZ j_* jk dX Hk* a=f ba
D`y`[ LeaL @`Q kBR d] E_ah h[ve JXh a]h
h Lafe `X `hj_L ee @ja^S_L @ayL MjdB _ \,
[a a=fc_ Hè @j^[ @amc_`B jkj Leè _ \ dH
dk Lk, `[LV _bedN `[[rL [\ jk[L @bmM Hk k
ja LeR d h S ]a \m JXh cVe j_ J S_[ \m JXA
(Addressing a seminar on Sri Gopinath and Jaya Deva organized by the Utkal University of Culture at Soochana Bhawan
here on 14 February 2003, this scholar par excellence totally
agreed with Orissa's position as the motherland of Sri Jaya Deva
and made it abundantly clear that the poet was not at all a contemporary of Bengals King Laxman Sen as claimed by the
Bengalis and hence it is quite absurd to say that he was his
court poet. In fact, the evidences paraded by the Bengalee community in support of its claim on Sri Jaya Deva are so feeble and
flimsy that a serious student of literature and cultural history cannot put any premium on them, he said. Stating that the poet's
name has been mischievously linked with Laxman Sen only after
decadence of Orissa's political influence under a foreign power,
Prof. Donaldson felt that this cultural dishonesty might not
have received any encouragement had Orissa of the
19th century not been in a disadvantage administratively and
had her voice not been rendered feeble under the foreign yoke.
But, whatever whosoever may say, every credible piece of
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 99
archaeological and literary records makes it doubtlessly clear

that Sri Jaya Deva was born in Orissa and by birth belonged to
the race of the Oriyas.) http://orissamatters.com/news/index.php/2003/02/16/
donaldson/
DBmc S_j* bcL
[a a=eSe @S _] Lfe Qm\a aeL S]a
Ltm cfe dD jQ_ je DBmc S_j j @_][
N[Nate cMaue eMR [e [`d L'Z? Hk [`d H`d _[
kB _ \a k[ HL èkd a[ [ ekR [Z [k `[ Ac Ha
] ]a
LmL [e am [ mL `[ Le\ a `^_ aQefe aQe`[
\a Hk a] j[s 1784e jWe HjAVL jjBV y`_ Le\m
J [e `[[ @^l ba HL ]hu Lf ][ _ak Le\m Hk
jce N[Nat `[ [* ^_ ALi[ kB\m j ]Mm d h
S ]a [* eQ[ `[ àue eN J [fe jQ_ ]BR HNXL
L'Z J Lè `dS? Hk SZa `B j a=f J akee ahi[ NX
J cN^ @qfe `[aN J eS_cf jk aece AmQ_ Lm L
j$fLc km _k
Hk Db `]he Hk ja eN J [fe `Qf_ _ \m
j _`f J Lhee `[c_* jk a AmQ_ Lm c[
jja @qfe `Q_ j=[e A] `Qf_ _ \m am SZm
@[Ha, a= J ake jc[ jcN Dre be[e N[Nate
eN J [fNXLe LZj `Qf_ _ \m
L _`f J Lhe `[ J eSc_ [* Lk\m d HNXLe
aake a^ h S ]a S_ kB\a LZj ]lZ eSe k D`m
kBè "Although the Sanskrit books have preserved the
theory of such misical compositions, the practice of it seems
almost wholly left (as the Pandits and Rajas confess) in Gaur
and Magadha of the provinces of Bengal and Bihar. When I first
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 100
read the songs of Jayadeva who has pre-fixed each of them, the
name of the mode, in which it was anciently sung, I had hope of
procuring the original music, but the Pandits of the South referred me to those of the West and the Brahmins of the west
would have sent me to those of the south, while they, I mean
those of Nepal and Cashmir, declared that they had no ancient
music but imagined that the notes to the Gitagovinda must exist,
if anywhere, in one of the southern provinces, where the poet
was born". (Sir William Jones, On the Musical Modes of the
Hindus (1784), published in Asiatic Researches (1799), Vol.III,
pp.83-84)
[Z h S ]a LD eSe S_ kB\m [k SZaL je
S_j Q Lm j dDc_* `QeDQe Lm jc_* cê
@^Lh* êZ \m d h S ]a Lf=e k S_ kB\m
("Jayadeva, who florished, it is said before Kalidasa, was born
as he tells himself in Kenduli, which many believe to be in
Kalinga".- Gitagovinda or the Songs of Jayadeva, Asiatic Researches, Vol.III, 1799) c[ dk[ awc_e HL _ce HL y_
@R, jk[ Hke @âjc_ be[e Hk mf[[c La* _S eSS[
am ]a Le J [* j[e HL aeL cf `f_ Le je e[ [*
_VLb_[ Le [* jte N[NXL NA am a j jQBR
("but since there is a town of similar name in Burdwan, the
natives of it insist that the finest lyrical poet if India was their
countryman and celebrate in honour of him an annual jubilee,
passing a whole night in representing his drama and in singing
his beautiful songs"-Ibid.)
je S_j* Hk `[a]_e `d Ne[ ekR `\c[ j
Le]BR d h S ]a dD eN J [f c^ce [* N[NXL
N am DmM LeR jNXL a=eSe `Qf[ _ \m J a=f*
SZ a _\m ][[ j jLe LeR d h S ]a* S_ LDW
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 101
am j d[ mL* `Qem (jbaL ba cM[ a=e) jc_*

cê @_L ahj Le\m d [* S_y_ \m Lf=
Laf a= _k, ake jc[ _`fe Lhe `d jcN Dre
be[e S]a aake Le\a eN J [f j`Le j @_ju_
LeR J ]MR d a=è Hk eSNXLe c^ Hk eN J [f
NXLe _cNu _ \m
@\Q jcN Drebe[e Ha ahi Le [* Lcyf a=fe
[* @^Lh mL ]B\a jQ_e kBdBR d Lf=e k @\[
JXhe k La* S_ j d] JXhL Ajè\ [a JXh d
La* S_cV [ke jc `cZ j `Bè\ J awc_e [\L\[
Ltf cfe @jm LeZ c^ j SZè\
L [*`B JXh b[eL Aj h S ]a* S_yfe `kqa
\m @jca LeZ a=f S[ dc[ BeS A^`[L c__B\m
JXA S[ jè c_ _B _ \m è JXh k \m jk cV dk
BeSc_* @_àhL ae^ Le\m Ha Hk ae^ L[ [a J
hZ[ \m [ke LR AbmML [\ Dè D`y`[ kBR
Hk I[kjL LeZe h S ]a* ah jMe BeS bie
`\c eM\a je DBmc S_j [* S_y_ JXh am QX
]Y[e jk Lkèm _k @\Q awc_e Ltf S]a cfe
@jm [`d _ SZ HL @s S_eaL S ]a* S_yf `l`Ve
DmM Le abe HL _A D`]_ j Le]m
Hk abe @ `B AcL jk Ltf S]a cfe cf
`d daL ka
cfe cf J eâ_]
h keL cM`^* `[a][ aebc aaeZe SZdH,
awc_e ckeS @S _] Lfe h eâ_]* `B HL cte _cZ
Le \m Ha Hk cte `Me _cL j`]e h eêcZ ]a
_cL SZ ck HL cW y`_ Le\m Hk ctee HL hfm` \m
dke 1614 hL @*[ \m hfm`V kSdBR (]V[ AEFX
`__Y K_, ^gc[ VF^K_X Tgc[ [_X `__YT 1614 È %T
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 102
K_ * `__Y FX c[+^ G^K - [[\] [[[S, Y-226) hfm`V

ctee kSNm Lè? Hk d] ctee \m [a [ Hk _ cte
N[e M][ a ]Y ba jy[ HL @aR] @= kB\a HkL
jWe ake Lm LH Ha LH a @`je[ Lm ? Ha La? H\e
`L[e L'Z mM \m? dDc_ ]M\m jc_ d] 1614 hL
@*[ \m am c_ eMèm, H\e @_ L'Z mM kB\m c_ _
eMm Lè? jêZ cZi `l jM @`l bi a ai c_ eMa
jkS[e j[e hfm`VL ]M\a mL aebc aaeZ N\[
ka `d H[ ]O Lf ê d] jMV c_ eMèm, [ke `W
c_ _ ekm LkL?
Hk @jck[ `h hfm`V j`Le `\c jQ_ ]B\a a*
bcL Dè jtk jLe c_kH, hfm`V d] `L[e \m [a
h S ]a* j`Le [ke Hè LR M][ kB \m dk [*
JXA am ja Le\ J a=S am ]a Le\a mL* `l
@ja^S_L kB\ [Z [kL BoLe @`je[ LedBR Ha
S_j[e ]k ]B HL abLe hLve @a[eZ LedBR
c]f `&e Ac ]M èe cLhe èZe `*we
Le awc_ eS keL jk LrQt [e àohZ _cZ Le\m
(awc_ LrQtc cLe `\e auBm-`Q jeZ, `.80) Hk
èZ OVe \a hL ctee M][ hfmM `We Hk Lde
jc J j* aaeZ cf
`WV km, hbc hLv 1663 hL hLvNejrNehev
a^`[ cLk][ `*we j`_c` keLjk_
LrQt_`Z Q
`[ L]e_\ ck`[ Hke @a[eZ Le SZBR, awc_
eS keL jk LrQt @N (3 ) ej ( 6 ) F[ (6) J DNeh (1 )
@\[ 1663 hLve cL k]e `*we àL Hke Q[~Ne
è j`_hZ _cZ Le\m Ha Hke OVe HL c` [fB
j\e hL ( eâ_] ) cr y`_ Le\ m- (h S]a J N[Nat,
jh^[ jeZ,1997, `.31 )
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 103
`[ ck`[ awc_ ctee @_`mb hfmMe @`[[ 1614

hLv Dè aebc aaeZe Ne[e`L `[M_ Le cLhe
hfmM J c]f`&e I[kjL [\ D`mb D`]_ Dè _be Le
mMR L 1663 hLv a 1741 Mve awc_ eS LrQ t cLhe
èZ _LVe _c[ HL cè eâ_]* aNk `[ Le\ae
Hk 1741 Mve `M`M LZj ai j [* Sc]ee @b
bMe àk[ @S _] Lfe Hk ]a[*e cte `[ Le [*
jMe hN[Nate `W `B aay Le\a jca H\e b_c[
kae LZj LeZ _k
L HWe S ]a cf j`Le j dk mMR [k jWL
kB _ è j mMR, _cL j`] jx èèe h S ]a
y_ `B\ae Ha [[L[ hN[Nate ahi mL`[ \ae S
]a* _ce HWe `[ai cLe jL ]_ HL aiL cf @_[
km cWe `[[ h S ]a* j`] b kB\ae Hk cfe
_c @]h h[ve hi afL kBNm SSa cf L Hk h
ck`[*e HL @j[L bm am c_kH h S ]a* aa am
`[ ck`[ cfe NkZ Le_B\ae Hk bm jcaR
aw S ]a* aa jSBa Q
h S ]a aa _ \m j \m SZ jkSd_ `x aw
Lc j^L-(jbi Qt `p_L, jc],11051997) àw[ Dre
be[e jx èè Nx @_je c^ j jkSd_ `bae @N[d\V n E Vx |n u |i Ei " :=k iE xl
{{ [Z aw aSd_ / jkSd_L HL jkL jk[ j [*
@a_he @`]NXL c^ce dNB ]B\m akZ a] `l Hke
`b a l Lea @jca \m j[e HkL aa jk[ e c_[ ]B
Hke `N[L Abc M e kl` Le\ m lc[hf awae^c_
j ja^L ae (84e 52 ae) ke _c DmM Le\a Ha
jc jcce jk Hk _c _B aece _Se `Z[ @`Z Le\a af
Hk aw* keL / ke _ce eè kB\a k[ [k Dè LZj
Ne[ _ ]B j Laf \e c[ j*[L ba aake Le\a L
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 104
hvL `&Le aj* _ce bZ[ bNa[e _L L* jk S ]a*

e^L dX e^L `ce aa è`Qe j Le\m Hk
awae^c_ Hk Lce Hkc_* ]e aa jx ba S
]a*e HL _[_ èQ j Le kB\m J Hk èQ @jm am
]hBaL __ Lc] J @j[ `Qee Ah _AdB\m è Hk
DèL `_ Ajka
[ jr S]a Ltf _k, Ltf S ]a
Ha Laf H[L LkdBè d, awc_ eS keL jk
LrQt aw jkSd_e jc\L \m DN akZa] k[ [* eSe
_e HL bNae èZ[ kB\m j [ke èar_ Qk\m
h S ]a* a=S am ]hBaL Q Le __ c\
AMLe @a[eZ Le\a _`tL Qp`^* `[a]_e c\
J c_NY LkZNXL a]]mè a=fe dD jcSL Q[ AMe
`X [k [L HL `haL d_[e eS ba D`y`[ Le d\c_ie @fj c_ HLc[ d_ [ c^ce Sa_ aQ[e j]
j[af D`bN Le Qm\H ^c aL[ kB jcSe Hk Lcme jkL kBDW\H x x x jLcL a^ è HB Qe[k_[
Ha d_-m jcSL hi aj\H- (]X^[ %_a ]X TFX AE]y
^X-T[ ]W^ L[X[ [JyT[ V =Y\G E[T J_K * WC [ET
c^ a]L[ A+ E]-_a[ acÊ c^ =PK * x x x aey]E [^W[ ]TX
A+ J[ycXT %[ ^X-_a a]LE Y^ [aK*-Jy L^V[, Y.2)
àe Ac ]MR, DN èi`^_e dD Dp[ j Le\m
akZa], [ Lafe Lè jYdB\m e A[j_ , _ee a[
kBdB\m èie a_ A^`[e @^_ Hè HL @ay LrQt*
`l @jk \m [Z h S ]a* `]* @_jeZ Le j LcLfe
_L e^ J [* _L* `cc Sa_]h c^ce S_jcSe
èi`^_ d_ d\oQee am`_ `B D]c Le\m
[[\ cL èZe Swe Le j jWe Hk jkS
_L J _L* `B HL cte Le [ke eâ_]* aNk `[
Lea [*e Hk c[]he `cZ ba aaQ `Q_ DLfe SNau
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 105
jk èe dD `^_ `q[\e _cmM LeR jNXL km-cL,

Bt]c, ck]^, h[N= J ekZL Hc_* cê Laf cL
kDR jk [\ dDW aw[e jw]_ jc[L j`S[ aSd_
d j c[L* @amc_ Le JXhe a kBè\m [e @_[c
] kDR b]Le @_`f _LVy m=X Nce HL èZ [Ve j
c[L ctee @ay[ è cL [\e ah kDR j c[L
@^_ jc aw `WL ha `We eè[ Lea`B dD QL
kB\m [ $fe cL [\e j c[L Ay_L k_`b Le jWe
NYdB\m cLhe cte J cL c_ jWe ha* [`j Le c[
Dè Smb Le\m am Lc] a `Qe kB\m akZa]e
Hk L[ QL `[k[ Le aaic ae^ aw ]h_e `_ `jeZ
`B h S ]a dD mf[ aà Aec Le\m [k e^ J ke è
jL[L _c c^ce j`je[ kaL dS_ \m c^ akZa]*
`[e[ Lea D~he jc_* c_[` a ctee R[ [f j`][
kD\m WL Hk LeZe awc_ _eh keL jk LrQt èe
Hk _~ [\ cLe S je Le jWe y`_ Le\m eâ_]
cte
akZa]c_ jSB\a e^L èar eâ_] _c
Dè j eM\a Ne[ `[ AM aS]B ka_ j e^* jk L
a Nat _c dX _k a_] hv `N Le e^* `^_ k
`]h[ LeR
HW eâ_] @\ eê Ac] a eê ji a eê
ake e^ k cM Hk k S ]a [r _e`^_ c\_[r
èi`^_ a aLtL _k [Z aa_e` _k eâ_] _c
ja[ba L*e am NkZ Le `S L]e_\ H l[e aw`bae
AahL ALf_ Leè _k L Hk k jLd d, Hk ctee
Aê \m h S ]a* @`]NXLe @_k[ [r Ha WL Hk
LeZek j _S @^_y awc_e @S _C Lfe e^ a_] cte
y`_ Le _S ` ]h_L h S ]a* A]h `care è`je `B
S ]a cf Aec Le\m dk[ [* _S eSe àjQ[
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 106
ìai S]a S_j[e \m, jk[ j kH[ [*We Ac S]a*

b_[ `]h_ Lea `B [* Ltf S]a am QkV LeB\a
L\V Hk è : ] SZ jbi Qt `p_L d] NVH y_e HLW k@
J jc_* b[e c LD jbi Qt `p_L am d] Lk SZaL
Qk, DreV ka - [NeA jbi Qt `p_L; LeZ c S_y_
km [NeA Hk HL jL[ `wr `Q_ JXA m`, bi J jk[
Nxe (`.55) y_[ J JXh eS jNkfe `\ abNe jel[
\a QVD brL HL @__ èlcfL QD[he mML [NeA c_^[
bak èQ[ a[ èQ SZa `B S_y_ ah Lce mN
Hk LeZe, [* eSe dk[ `Diai D`^ê SZ b_ S]a*
@[ àe ek\m jk[ awc_ eS Aec Le\a cf jk S
]a* _ce @_[ kD _k am Le]aL j _ Hke _c
eM\a Ltf S]a cf S ]a* _c_je j Lka Dn[
\m Ltam S ]a cf c[ a=f* JWe Ltam hvV jcB
_ \ jc_* DneZ @bj ]e Ltam S ]a cf @`l
Ltm S]a cf @^L ja^S_L Laf HB\`B cfVe _c
ek\a Ltf S ]a cf LfLc [k Ltf cf ba L\[
kB\a X jLce j_, X Ah[i bpQd, X j[Lc j_N
`b[* è j[_ a= NaiLc_ a=eSe @S _] Lfe
Lè La LZj Ltf _cL y_ _ \m am ja LeR [ke
AahL jQ_ H\àe ]AjeR j[e jBW Ltf _ \B a \m
am d L[L c_ LeR [k Hk LeZe jca kB\a
Hke jdN _B S]a* Dè SmA
[ Lea L awèL e\a
L[` a=f jk cf y_L Ltf J [k S]a* S_y_ am
]k DWBaL jlc kBR
a=f ]a]e* JXh akZa]* jk[
L S ]a* aa ba ]hBaL JXhe dD BoL[
iXd kB\m (dkL @^L afare LeBaL JXhe akZa]c_
Ha `_ D]c Aec LeR-(http://orissamatters.com/news/
index.php/2005/05/17/birthplace-of-jayadev/), [* _Sj ]h_
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 107
j`Le LZj s_ _\a k[, jk iXde D[ @``QeL A`ZB

Hk a=fc_ S ]a* aa ba D`y`[ LeQmR
S ]a* LcaSd_ `]afNXL e S_` [ k[ jNXL e
kl` LeaL jkj Le _ è JXhe aaica]c_
S_jêZ* ab Lea`B [ke d~R hLaf `l Le [kL
aa jk[ ba `[`][ LeaL D]c Le\m H[~e S ]a*
ck]^-`ba-`j[ cfL JXA @aa^ kBDW\m AYAf N J
Hk a=f ]a]ec_* ah jkB\m [* `]afNXL d]
LcaSd_ aw Q[_e jkL kB _ \, [a kH[ [k Dè
JXhe akZa]c_* `le Hè ALcZ kB_\
lc[ N]e `\c ALcZ Le\m akZa] NS`[ èirc
]a j \m mLa] NS`[ L`ft ]a* HL el[ akZe
@=S Ha jk[ eSN] AekZ `B [*e LZj dN[ _ \m
L S ]a* `ba @`jeZ`B JXhe akZa]c_ QL Le
[* eSN] ]AB\m ANL da àe L`ft* c LkL mLa]
am LkR [k Le]a DQ[
akZa] Lf`he mLa] L`ft
mLr jcS aaye jah jy`L \m aw ]a d L
\m jdN[ èaSZLfe acje* _Se èQ ]B j
Lk\mA]n_cNr_ jL_cS[
[kLf `zS[k _ Lc @b`[\c (jr_`[)
dk[ A][ N[e j jah cZi \m, [* j A][
a jde` aQeLedD\m j k LZLe jd e` `S `D\m
akZa] èL[ ]ar jcS aaye `[Le _k[ \m aw
`Q][ mLr aaye
L`ft _SL jd N[ am Laf Qk[ LeB\m [
_k, aw `Q][ mLr aayL c^ @N^Le ]B\m h SN_\
aw* JXh jcSe `L[ cmL J _SL [*e eD[ ba OiZ Le
[ke jel J j`jeZe ][ eS `S _ahie ja JXA*e am
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 108
j k `\c Lk\m àe lc[ D`bN Le Aj\a akZ @c[c_*

Ne[ _ ]B _S `m]_ j= LhAL c `]e @^[ Le\m
hj_Ld j[e èQf[ _ kB c[bi JXAe Qma a^[cfL
Le\m JXhe cV J c[bi `[ [*e `NY j_ J @_e k[
JXhe _adNe @b] OV\m
[ke D]aw kB jef ]j eQ_ Le\m be[e `\c
bi ckèZ - jefckbe[ _ce dk Ha a AqfL bi
NkZe [, jamf[, a J a]are @[f_ kB ekR
hj_ je J jk[ l[e Hè @__ @a]_ j=L j JXhL
]B\m JXA S[[ jcN JXA S[ NVH S[; [Z S[ b]e
`h _k am j Le]B\m Ha, Hk br Dè j JXA j_e
`_a_j Le\m jk j_ ak_e a ahe y_ _\m; \m
Laf ae[e, ]h`ce [Z akZe `Z `d ja S[e mL
j_ ak_e jc_ `]cd] J ae[ a&L D`ê @^Le
kBè\m (He enlisted the support of the people by making
Orissa a strong military State in which the protection and extension of the kingdom came to be a joint responsibility of the
ruler and the ruled. Militarism penetrated into all ranks of people
irrespective of their castes and all castes bore military titles which
are numeraous in Orissa even today.-K.C.Panigrahi, History of
Orissa, p.206)
_S cVe jah j_ aw ]a* Dre `Ye cZi ba j
_SL jdN[ am Laf èQ[ LeB \m, [ _k, awa]e
@_jeZ Le j akZa] aaice cf`V_ Le\m h SN_\
aw* jcSe S[b] eka @jca am j Le]B\m
AQfakZ jc* j ]B\m ]hjae jc_ jdN jk ck`j]
ja_e jc_ @^Le []__ be[e mL[ jcSe Hè ba
@b] @_ LDW OV _\m
L Hk k [*`[ akZa]c_* ae[ aw OVB\m
SeN ka è j jc_* jQ[e J jOaw QLe hLe kB\m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 109
M:1464e è hctee DL kB\a HL hfmMe

SZ`X d [*e jaL J j_c_ [* `Me AD _\m
jè HL ai @aye [* ` S`[ Ha ja\ @_Nc
kce* _Se Dre^Le ba c__[ LeaL c^ j jlc kB _
\m jca[ Nkat @aye \B el[`[ c=f eH* eSN]
@`Z LeaL j a^ kB\m ai M è, 1465-66e
Hk OVZ OV\m eS^_We ak ]ee, L _]e Lfe
L`ft ]a* ` JXA S[e @SZe Hk OVZ OV\m LkaL
km JXA S[L Hk OVZ j`Le @uLee eMdB\m Hk \m
mLa] jcV L`ft* aewe Ha [* HL @_Nc `[ kce*
aewe HL akZa] QL kce jca[ A[N`_ Le cfL
D`_ah NY\m
Lf JXA S[ ae^ Lea, j\`B hSN_\* j`]h
k[ jcV j c=f* lc[ @`Z LeR am c=f* jk k[
cfB\a akZc_ `Qe Le\m J h SN_\ c=f* `[ s_ Le
[* [* _S _c èirc `]_ LeR am a Xc `V\m
c=f eH Hkè hfe kBdB\m jcV èirc ]a
èar Lfe cZL _cL HL NDXZL aake Le Hk
èirc ]a* Lq dwe jkd LeaL h SN_\ bB afec*
j=e ê dB\ae `Qe LedB kce* y_e Hk*e eSN]
` hSN_\* ]e j` @_c][ kB\ae êZ j LedB\m
Hk Dè jahi AmL`[ Le _ \m c^ `$je `ZNk Hk
iXde jQ_ ]BR [* bie, Hamvira who occupied a preeminent position among the sons of his father by virtue of his
out-standing abilities and the war-like qualities, which were
the pre-requisite qualification for rulership during this age, should
have become the successor of his father. But his claim to the
throne seems to have been set aside through machinations at
the capital" (K.C.Panigrahi: History of Orissa, p.208)
@[Ha JXhe akZa]e `bak_ OVB\a L`ft ]a*
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 110
Sa_e hi bNe Hè ekjS_L @aye @c[ kaL kB\m

Ha eSe lc[ QmdB\m c=f eH* k[L dH L èirc ]a
ba _SL @^[ Le je eSe akZa]e `_ jhLeZ Le\m
NS`[ èirc ]a* L[ bcL
akZa] `le @jk \m h SN_\* jcè h S ]a*
@`]NXLe _[ `W_; LeZ aa hfe N[ Nat ba
j`][ kB []` `W kD\m c^ [k b[e aw LcaSd_e
ark j`je[ kD\m @è `l, h aw]a* SN_\ ba
`[ Le\a Btb[* Bt]ce eè[ Le SN_\* akZa]c_
aba D`y`[ LeaL d[ Lc] `Qe Lm c^ hS ]a*
]ha[e [e j aw ba `Lr[ kD\a k[ [*e aw èQ
@l ek\m akZa] `l Hk c^ \m @jk j[e hctee
S ]a* `]af `W_ at Le]aL èirc ]a `]l` _B\m
@b_ a N[ Nat hiL, _S _ce bZ[ HL NxL j S]a*
àuaf a]fe `Qf[ LeBm H\e dD ]ha[e [ M&
dB\m [k d SN_\* aw èQL j` m` LeaL D~ \m
[k j LeZ H\e @_ ja @a[eNXL []` eMdB\a af
Laf aw* a] ]AdB [* y_e Lj a_hL hL* y_[
LedB\m
h SN_\ aw _k, è j hL am Ske LeaL Hk
Lhf @amc_ Le\m akZa]c_ L H[~e h SN_\ d
_ aw [k dè ja km, h S]a d aw \m Ha [*
L[ d ja\ jkSd_ aw jk[ \m [k c^ []` ja
kBdBR
S ]a* aw èQ aewe Hk d HL akZa] QL
\m [k L]e_\ ck`[* HL Aaee kBdBR @b_a
N[Nat NS`[ è irc ]a* eQ_ ba S_ jMe eM kB\m
c^, ck`[* _ @_je, Hk Nxe @jm mML \m ]aLe
ch _cL SZ akZ dk* LaQt e D`ê bi[
LedB\m (A Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit manuscripts of
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 111
Orissa: Orissa sahitya Academy, 1960, p.LI)

@[Ha akZa]c_ _S ak mM [L NS`[ èirc
]a* _ce bZ[ am ]hB, lc[ afe [kL hctee `Qf[
LeB jWe S]a* @`]NXL D[M[ Le]B\m
S]a aw kB \ae akZa] NS`[ èirc @_
akZc_* jk ch Hk Le\m L h SN_\ aw* @_Ncc_*
]e Hk L[ iXd mQ ekèm _k Hè hhf `[a] DWm
d, èirc ]a a^ km _S `]l` `[ke LeaL Hk
Lmaf WLe* j`]he ]k ]B cMel`B j jc\ kB\m
c^ `[k[ @b_a N[ Nate \XH hL S ]a* eQ_
Dè `l LeNm jk WLe* _ce
HL Q[e ]ebju eM akZc_ HkL NkZ LeNm LeZ,
H[~e @b_a N[ Nat àe N[ Nat hiLe j`][ ka
Lfe d[ja hL `l LedB S ]a* àuNXL aa e`
]AdB\m j jaNXL SN_\* A]h Afe afare kB ekNm
Ha jNXL LHc kBda $fe h SN_\* aw èQL `hf
LedB [* kt a* jc\aQL L_ce `[[ Lea jkS[e
kBNm NS`[ è irc ]a hN`fn_ `wr `Z_ Le []_je
SN_\* L ba `S Lea aay afare LeB\m Hk è
Ac ]M Lf Lafe S ]a* aw èQe j*V AjNm
JXh eS_[e S ]a a_c NS`[ èirc
h S ]a* aw èQ JXh eS_[L `ba[ [ Le
Qm\m c[ èirc ]a NS`[ N] @Ae Lm èWe [* Lt
Le JXh eS_[ kBDW\m @[ D[
a[ h S ]a* aw _k, aa bae D`y`[ LeB
S_ c_je aw `bae ]eLeZ`B akZa] dD @_ae[ iXd
QfB\m [k j` j$f kBè_\m LeZ JXA mL Laf
@`] NXL k `Y\m c `m ]_, cB_e me `Y\a @aye
Ac `]ar `[dN[e mf[ma=m[, Qt_Qn[_fLfae,
e[jMje N[cbje B[] `]ar Le\m @\ _ aT a `[]_
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 112
jue [ a`* jk ch WLeOe `f `^ Sf J h[

LcfLQcf N[ ]BVL N_ LeaL `X\m Ace NVH ak aua
èae kB\ae J c a` @[ auaf kB\ae auauac_
dè Ac OeL Aj\m, RV km c a jè jc_* OeL dD\m
Hk A[d[ af ]M\m d S ]a* N[NXL Laf Ac Oe a
Ac Ne _k, j jaW jc* Oe a am kD\m @wh[ve
@^L @[kk[ kBNmZ j[`Ve jL\ mb_ aj aYa è
d[af N[ Nat jcN[ `Ym, [ke \a hLNXL ]L
Ajm @[Ha, hLNXL \m, L mL jNXL `Y _ \m
èirc ]a* af @ay [[^L \a @`]NXL `l
hLeh ]e ae[ LedB jNXL aa jk[ ba `Qf[ LeBaL
N[ Nat è aa hiLe j`][ LedB\m c^ mL jk
`lhL NkZ Le _\a [Z Hk k j_[ d cf cem da je
`wr @_jeZ Le akZa]c_ hcte QfZe jk `lh jc[
S]a* L[L j` a] Le]B [ y_e NS`[* mM am
]hdB\a @b_a N[ Nate àr_ Le\m dk[ S_jêZ
HkL NkZ Lm _k, jk[ HL _A Lhf `N LeNm a]k
k[ Hk QL ` kBNm è NS`[ èirc ]a jeQ[ a
j_ce eQ[ hLafNXL WLe* j`]h Afe S ]a* `]af
Dè `l LeB `Qf[ LeB]B èm
`[L

L S_jêZ HkL c^ ae] Lm _k S_ `[a] Hè
_eaR_ J [a \m d, èirc* c[ è [* `[ `[è] ]a
jkj_ AekZ Lm è 1499 Mve èirc* ]e `l
LekB\a hLNXLe jac_[ D[M[ Le h SN_\* jcè
Laf hS ]a* L[ k `YdBèa am OiZ Le\m (Even
this interpolation was objected to by the devotees of the Lord.
So, Prataparudra Deva, the son and successor of Gajapati
Purusottama Deva proclaimed by an inscription in 1499 A.D. that
only the Gita Govinda by Sri Jayadev would be recited before
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 113
the Lord.[Preface to A Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts of Orissa by Kedarnath Mohapatra, p.LI.]) akZa] QL
aewe Hk \m JXhe S_jêZ*e HL aS Ha Hk c^
\m aw S]a* `[ JXA S[e @M @_ee eè
ab j`B Q
akZa]c_ k @[[e h S ]a* aa ba Q[[
Le\m [* èi`^_ ae^ AbcMe jêZ cZie ]
]eB]a`B Ha c^ cM hj_ jQa @S[ Lce [`W* jc[
A^_L akZa]c_ [k k LeQmR
[* ae akZ J A]he akZ ^camc am ja Lea L
ba_he D`Le Ltf _cL HL akZ hj_e j S_ kB\m
am `Qe Se]e LedDR Ha `hj_L lc[ `N]e eSLie
`Qe @\ aLedB jk @qfaj S_ jêZ* c_e baàZ[
j Le dB Hk @j[L j[ b a Se L e k D R http://
orissamatters.com/news/index.php/2005/05/17/birthplace-ofjayadev/ e Hk ]ebjue Qnka è bai`YWe Hk SmA[L
mQBeMaL QL LedB eb_ c` J eLXe AahL jh^_
LedBR 2005e _bce cje S ]a* S_y_ _B eLXe
[V jêm- Hk he_c \a `[a]_e LkdBR, h S ]a*
S_y_ _B eSj eLXe y_ `B\a bm [\L jeLe hie
jh^_ Le _BR am@ aL @N[ S]a `q[e Ltam
Nce S ]a S_NkZ Le\m c[ eb_ c` J eLXe Hk
Dèjk am _c[ LedB\m (jc], 9 _bce 2005, `.3) @[Ha
S ]a* ba_he D`Le Ltf _cL hj_ NAe S_[ SZ
akZ am ja LeaL dD ac_ Q QfBR jc_ `hj_L
lc[e \a k[ jc_* jkBa è eSj eLX a jh^_
Le_BR S ]a `L[e LDW S_ kB\a jca [k `Q_
jk[L j[e H\àe Ac AmQ_ LeR è a Lea Ha
]Ma, j akZ \m L?
_, j kH[ akZ _ \m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 114
S ]a* S[
ce c_kH j akZ _ \m JXhe akZc_ ]a jsL
_k [* S_y_ am dD Ltf hj_e D`y`_ LedDR jWe
Hk jsL LZj akZ _k dD @qfe [* S_y_ Ltam \a
jca jWe c^ ]a jsê LZj a @[[e a arc_
akZLfe \ae LZj `cZ cf_ j[e S ]a* dDWe
S_[ a S_ kB\Bè am LkdH a LkdBè jWe
akZc_* js ]a _k [Z j akZ _k _S c[a]`B [*
[ie`[ LeaL JXhe akZa]c_ QL Le j akZ J [*
eQ_ ktaa am dD @``Qe Le\m [~e `ba[ kB S
]a* ak èe SZ @^ mML [* akZ am kH[ mMR
dDc_ [* ]S am mMR jc_ [* akZ am mM
_k LeZ ]S Laf akZ _k akZ* jc[ l[ Ha ah H [_ ae jc k ]S @[Ha Lk d] [* ]S am Lk\H [~e
j Lk _k d j akZ
j [a S[e L'Z kB\Bè? ce c_kH j kH[
S[e LeZ kB\Bè LeZ JXhe LeZc_ cM[ `p_L
J ]a js êZ Le\ bBahe `[[ jcV ecQt ]a \m
S[e LeZ ("The family of Bhois to which Ramachandra Deva
belonged, was originally a Karana family"-History of Orissa,
Dr.K.C.Panigrahi, p.126) j \m S_~_ a]ê `p_L* `[
@_ `p_L* bB cLt `p_L jcV kB\a k[ ]a js
êZ Le NS`[ cLt ]a ba a][ kB\m (Me^ B[k j, L]e_\
ck`[, `.119) AWNXe eSc_ \m hLeZ aar `p_L
("The family of the Chief of Athgarh State belongs to the Karana
caste of Orissa, and its recognised title is Sri Karana Bewarta
Pattanayak" - Orissa Feudatory States, L.E.B.CobdenRamsay,p.110) L jc_ a][ kD\m ]a ba NXS[ chZ
afL AWNXe eS \m h LeZ aar `p_L e^_\ ]a
@[Ha JXhe `Q_ LeZ èaec_*e `p_L J ]a - Db
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 115
js `Qf[ \m h S ]a kH[ Hkè SZ ]a jsL a

\m d] Hkk kB\H [a j kH[ \m S_[ LeZ
`[ L]e_\ ck`[ ]aL h S ]a* Lf js c_[
]BR; c[ [* akZ ba NkZ LeaL [* c_ `\ce `ba[
kB`X\ae @_ aew `cZ `Ba `d ]a hvL h bS ]a J
[[`[ `jw h S ]a* akZ aQL Lf js e` NkZ Lea
jcQ_ am c[ ]BR (h S]a J N[Nat,`.43) `[
ck`[ d S ]a* S[ j`Le bc[L aM LeR [k [*
`WLm k SZkH j _S eQ_e _S èQ ]BR c[ ac
]a, `[ bS ]a, N Ltam J au èhe am DmM LeR
L LDW km j _Se a èQ ]B _k
H\e Hkk kH d j a`Ye ae^ \m a aaye
j jc\L _ \m LeZ j \m aw _S S[e br Dè _S
èQ eM\m j akZa]L k è` Le\ [k j Le _k
[\` d] jcSL aLhêe @^_`B [* S[ MSdH,
[a j LeZ kB\ae jca_ @^L LeZ LeZc_ aah a]e
ae^ jc_ aN[ aa]e _ \ jc_* jcSL ]b=
km, dH dD S[e kB\D `R, ja cZi jc_
LeZ HL S[ _k, S[a] ae^ HL S_cq
ck_]e dè b]ba _k LeZc_*e jè b]ba
_k j\`B JXhe NVH jaS_a][ YN @R [k km - ck
ck_] jc_ akZ _k L l[ _k L ah _k Q[aZ
aaye aNLeZ LedB d[af Hk [_ aN* ]S aN J @ah
jc* @\[ jcN hcSa j`]L ]j aNe eMNm, j[af
LeZc_ _Se aàL AbcM Le ]j js êZ LeaL ANB
Aj\m ak]_ `d H èè Qf\m D]keZ je` aQ[ be[e
La ahce ]j j \m _fce bceaee* `[ Ha kfê
`p_L* `[ [\` j _SL èQ[ LeB\m ]j jse jkè
jL jk[L[ aSake `B `jw @S_ Le\a L`ju ]j \m
bNe\ Mej^ `p_L* `[ LeZc_ aaha]L ae^ Le
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 116
_SL h] ba QkV LeBa `Re L `Q aàL A]h _k[ \m

[k ]Mm aj[ kaL `X h SN_\* aaick_ hfe
`_ `[ Le jWe jaajc_ A]h afare Le\a k[
][ Bt]c ba M[ @S_ Le\a NS`[ ecQt ]a J [*
Dre^Lec_ S[e LeZ kB\m c^ h]-_`[ ba _S _SL
`Qe[ LeD\m ("The family of the Bhois to which Ramachandra
Deva belonged, was originally a Karana family, and the rulers of
the Bhoi dynasty have been described in the contemporary Srijang
Stone Inscription as Sudra-nripatis".History of Orissa,
K.C.Panigrahi, p.126) @[Ha eStj_e \A L jêZ _NeL
y[e, LeZc_ S[a]e Oe ae^ \m
S[ _ce jcSL bN bN Le hcSac_* Laf jaL
ba eMa \m akZa]e @bju
Hk LdLe Lea`B ak* @=e ab_ bNe `[_^ ba
ab_ aL _we[ ][ j`]_ LeaL ka am akZa] aay
M&\m HkL LkkD\m ahc ^c
H[]_d akZe ^c \m bNa_* jk j`L y`_, l[e
^c \m eS hj_, ahe ^c \m j`r @S_ J h]e ^c \m
Dè [_ae `bc_* j\ el\ hc]_ Ha jc[fe l[,
ah J h]*e cf[ ^c \m ah akZe Bo_je [e jc
AahL[e èèZ
Hk k \m a_je c_ae j^c dD a j^c `f_ Le
_ \m d\ h] d] hc ]_ RX [èZ Le \m [a j ak^c
@\[ è^ce @_àh Le\a k[ LW_ ]e jM_ kD\m
h]LfS[ hcL [`j ]e bNa_* jk j`L y`_ `B D]c Le
è^ce @_àh Le\a k[ ec* c^ce ah [*e heo]
LeB\m Ha Hk Le\a k[ ec cd] èirc amB\m
@[Ha ak* Le HL HL @=e `[_^ am ]hB be[e
cZiL QebN Le ]AkB\m ^c _ce jcSL IL Hè `[k[
kae mN\a k[ LeZc_ [ke `[a] Le\m Ha ak* @=
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 117
bre abS[ Hk Q[a aaye ]eB ek _SL [\L\[ jLr*

jcN Le `[_^ am ]a Le\m j\`B jc_ Ly ba
èQ[ \m Ha d LZj ae a Ly kBè am OiZ
Le\m
ck-ck_] ]k b[ e JXhe Lyc_ Lè jaajc_
\m [ke jQ_ àe ]A jeR
JXhe Lyc_ LeZ ba ja][ Lra]L `[M_ Le
LeZa]L NkZ Le\a k[ Hc_ _SL LeZ am Lk\m Lr*
k[ j `L QmR am Hc_ c__\m Hc_* d \m LeZ
\a k[ j `L QmR ]_t_ Sa_e Ac L'Z ]M? Lr \a
k[ LZj Lc kH_ LeZ \a k[ Lr Lc Le
Lr* LtLe j_ a ab], LeZL _B LAX Aja?
[Z Lra] aaica]L j Le\a af LeZa] jcSL
ILa]L è` LeR `\cV jcSe akZ ae Lr[ ae `B
D~ ][V Hk aeL a\ Le jcSL jk[ aw `B D~
`\cV jcSL ]ar ]hBaL Qk, ][V Qk Hk kD
mLr
Hk `b]L aTa`B ]BV èe ae^ a_ @_^
`\cV km]ar SNa c^_ [[ ]a[c
[[ c akZ^_ [j[ akZ ]a[c
@\[ SN[e dk LR @R j jc ]a^_, ]a c^_, c
akZ^_ [Z akZk ]a[ a ]a[ ja a b[e _SL h
am ]hBaL akZc_ Hkè hvSm j Le\m a]L ]aj
am Lk jk a] @^_e @^Le Laf akZe @R am OiZ
Le jc_ jcSe @_ aN* hiZ Le\m J jcSL ILe @e
kB ek\m Lra] H\`B èje dNB ]B\m Hk aewe
LeZa] a `N[e je L'Z \m [k SZa`B ][ a_V jkL
kBè
Hk km-
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 118
a] `cZc LjQ[ Lra]

j_ ^co S[a]am`
jèc ``k_Q[
^`s_ `qm=_SX (j[-ekf jL[_, aw XHmV,
[Buddhist Dialetics] ``mj àh= kDj, _A]m,1978)
H[]_d a]L jLf s_e Aê am c_a, @]h LZj
Lr* jLe Lea, ^c @Sa ahje [\ OVe j_ LeaL Bo
Lea, S[a]e m ka J `` k_ ka am ahj Le Ji Dàj
Lea- Hk `qV kDR aw ^j kBdB\a mLe mlZ
mLr jcS Dè Ne[ ]D\a LeZc_* Qê akZ
^cêe Lè [a ae^ \m Ha jc_ Lè S[a]L ae^
Le\m H\e [k jkS @_ba @è`l Hk Qê \m aw
jkSd_e _Sj jkSd_e y`[ JXhe ckj ]h_L ml*e
[* @]jwe LkR:
_ _L_ Ld[ _àj _ Q Lc
j_ hQ _ Qa[ Nc^c aaS_c
_ Q` at[ ]a_ L-ìZ-cZ_
`Scja Lj Ld_[c jck[
jaajc[ SN _a di[
ja bNa[ `s jc[ e`ch[
@\[ bm ba_ èke Lea DQ[, Dàj, [\j_, hQ J
Nc^c aS_ Lea DQ[, L, ìZ a cZ _c[ ]a aNke `S _
Le cZi [e Hk heee d[ _a DQ[ Ha c_* S[a LeZe
OZ _ Lea DQ[ ja a jc[ _e bNa[ `s* je`
Hk _ Dè _be Le jkSd_ ]h_ _e`^_ j[re
è`LeZ OVBR Ha j]Y kBDWR _e`^_ c\_a] dk
cê Dre cfR Sa_-Ssje Lka akm d, Hk ]h_e @_ar
c_ _ee ckrL j_ ]B _S _SL hLeZ ba D`y`[ LeR
J S[aha]e Oe `[e^ LeR
[Z jcSe [e cf c[`^_ QfZL D[M[ Le èi`^_
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 119
Se LeaL a]L akZa] dD D]c QfB\m [k LW_ Ak_e

jM_ kBR
Hk Ak_ Lè ]h_-jcSL Akae èZ[ kBR [k
è ]Ma c[ Ha `B H[L SZa d\ d e^L jLe Ha
[e e[QLe D`y`_ Le h S ]a DreLfe akZa] aewe
jkSd_L jaf LeR
_e _d[_e _eLeZ `B LeZ
akZa]e d_ dS_e _ee c_aL ck[ `[ LZj
j_ _ \a [\ [L Laf j_ D`]_e HL c^c ba aaQ_
Leda L\ àe DmM LedBR L Hke aè[ e[ ekR h S
]a* eQ_e
akZa] ecZ-N&_Le kB\aaf S ]a ecZe&_Le ] j LeR Hk ecZ-e&_Le AbcM Laf
LeZc_* LfQe[ @_e` j\`B h jk aS` LeZc_* èQ
]B jc_* jN[h ar b a D`y`_ Le a j= j=
Lc_ LfLh f L\L\_èN am a_ LeR (Df]`L, `.28)
j Le Z c_* j`L e ` _ Lk R d jc_
Rfhiahis[eahe] (Hd) h S ]a*We Hk jc
LeZ mlZ `[ `LV[ kBR
aw LcaSd_e j`jeZ`B j [* @`]NXL eQ_
Le\m c^ Rfhi J Q[e k[ [k awc[a]e àf ae^
akZa]c_* ]e [ `[M[ kBè _k J jc_ c^
[L A`ZB_aL èPM kB _k
L [ke @_k[ aw Aa]_ SZNm è _SL jkBa
hfe [ke `d `lLeZ LeR J aa hfe [ke
j`]_ a LeR
Hja @_ ^ _ Lm c_k H S ]a k H [ S_ [ Le Z
kB\Bè [* akZa]`B A[j[ LeaL Q LedB [*
`[ Oe @_ kBR Ha kBQmR Laf S[ _k, [* S_y_
Dè a QmR SmA[ Ace HB JXhe!
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 120
S_y_ j`Le c\ `Qe JXhe a

Oe è[ è L\ d [* S_y_ j`L e L[L @bj uj`_
a=f dè c\ `Qe Leae mNR J _S c\L j[ ba
\BaL @Sj c\ Lc] [Ae LeR J c\ Lc]e Ah _B
QmR, L[L JXA c^ WL jkè LeR J LeR ba_he
D`Le Ltf N [* S_y_ _ kB\m c^ [k k LkkBQmR
àe Ac AmQ_ LeR `_ae a akj ]`[ kD
à d[af [* S_y_L _B LZj aa] _ \m j[af
jc SZ\m d [* S_y_ Ltam JXhe ck]^ Lfe h
SN_\* aSyf è D`Le k @ay[ \m c\f _aj Qt]r
bcf Nxe mM\m, S ]a* Nc Ltam SN_\ \a è jkee
`bNe @ay[ \m (SN_\è `) ckee a]_ ck`[
LtamL [tam am Lk\m c^ [k h SN_\* à[ ^c è
D`Ly am DmM LeR (SN_\l[ jc` SZ / [tam Nc
_cb^_) Ltam Nc hSN_\* hl[L mN @ay[ am mMR
ckee @_[c a]_ ke]j keQt (hSN_\ l[ `j Ltam
_c Ncc......) B[] dk SN_\è ` a SN_\l[
jc` a SN_\ l[ `j [k ba_he è a m=eS l[
`he Lè a LkL ka? ba_he D`Le \a HL akZ hj_
dkL Ltf hj_ ba QkV LedB Ha 2005 _bcee eSj
eLX`[ jh^_ LedB S ]a* S_y_ ba ]hdDR [k d
Lj_ Lf [* S_y_ _k H\e jtke @aLh _k
[* S_y_ Ltf _ \m, \m Ltam Ha Hk \m
jc]Lfe [*e bie jc]jca
dD aac_* k[ a=fc_ S ]a* j`Le @aN[
km è [* _S`B A[j[ LeaL ak @`]c LeR jk
aac_* cê L ]j* eQ[ h h bcfe `[a]_ kmLtam _c Nc jNe kB[ @\[ jNe jmN \m Ltam Nc
Laf H[L _k, Hk jNe \m S ]a* ajy_We c[ cBmH
]e `L eM j^ j_ Leae Nc_ Lem [a jNee _e
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 121
x x x x x x x x lZc[ ]M `_ jc] Nc_ j_ Le `_ @wLh

ANc_ ( YE [F^ aW oX E[[[* G]X E[_ T[ aG[[ X[*
xxxxxxxx lS]y VF YX a]V G]X* oX E[ YX %y` %G]X**)
@[Ha @wLh a HL cBm \m jc]e ]e[ [* OeWe ]k
`]`mac]ec `Pe eQ_ j hL Le\a è bL b D`]L
HL Lc] jk Hk a_ SX[ kB\m c^ dD bNfL aa[
Hk D`y`_ Le [k km, h S ]a* OeWe jc]e ]e[ \m
c[ @wLh a cBmH @[Ha Hk _jtk d jc]`Me Ltame
@ay[ Hk ba_he D`Le @ay[ Ltf N _k
h S ]a* `L[ S_y_ è `Me
è D`Le jc]L f e dDW amh e ck]a @R jkW e
jca[ \m Ltam Nc Ltam Nce \a k[ Hk ]@* _c
amhe kB\a jca dk[ S ]a @jme \m aw jk[
jca[ awae^ akZa]c_ [kL ^j Le]BR J hal[
ba ]hBaL jWe y`_ LeR akZ ]@ amhe awLreSL
^ jLe jN X L h a l[ e e ` e [ Le a OV_ JX h e
akZa]c_* `l HL _ha[ \m am B[kj jLe Le [Z
Ltame _c _kLe jWe aw j^ h S ]a* S_ j[ m`
LeBaL jc_ Q Le\a J amhe ck]a* y`_ ]e [L
ha ^c jk SX[ HL y_ am ]hB\a @jca _k
aw* jce [* c[a]e HL `jw Qnyf \m Deam
aw Q[_ jk [e jè br Dè Ltam kH[ Hè _c AkeZ
Le\a a[ hN[NatckLac j`]_ Lfe jk[Qd
X. bNa_ ` Deam J Ltam cê \a _cLeZ hfe jc&j
Dè AM $eB _Bè _k(cMau-`.19) c[ [* aa
ba ahj Lea èahe ]eB Aj jk ]e[e S ]a* Dè
_m ]`[ LeaL j dk[ `jt Leè _k jk[ SNau
jk* cf bme ]A Dè WAkB Ltam \m arc_e Ltf N
am DmM LeR L[L akZa] AB.H.Hj. @$je* Lej]
k[ Hk bm Ha cSa[ kae mNR
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 122
Ltf Ltam _k
L Ltf Ltam _k H ]BV ]B b_ b_ hv, ]B b_
b_ _c
a=f* [e Ltam hvV jcBa LW_ [Z jc_
[e @`bh ba LtmL _Bè; JXAH _k
[Z JXhe LtfL Ltame @`bh am dD d kDR
[k _eê `\c[ Ltf d] HL `Q_ hj_ J as akZc_*
N [a Ltam hvV jc_* DneZ`B LW_ kB _ \a L LZj
@`bhe AahL[ ]M]B _ \a [Z LkL jc_ amL f am
Lk\a? Lt hv DneZe d] @ja^ _k Ha amhe hve DneZe
d] @ja^ _k, [a Ltam LkL DneZ`B @ja^S_L ka d
[L Ltf am LkaL `X\a?
êdD, L\e L\e Lk kB\a Ltf, eSj abNe ]mm
]aSe LtamL Ltam am mMae L'Z @ja^ kB\a d
Ltam y_e Ltf mM kB\a?
A`Z d] Hk cfL `hNXLe Dre MSa, Hk j[ _
]Mka d Ltf Ltam _k
h S ]a S_ kB\m Ltame [Z Ltf [* S_y_
_k ][[, Ltam Nc èjkee `]he jc]Lfe @ay[
\m Ltf ba_he j_LVe jc]We ak ]ee @ay[ j[e
Ltf Ltam _k L h S ]a* S_y_ _k [* @jm S_y_
_ è hNQ cteWe @]ee jc]Lfe \a amhe _LVe
am Ltam
Lc` VLè
LZLWe è `d jcN bbN Lc`VLè ba èQ[
\m Hk am Ltam \m Lc`VLèe @N[ ba_hee m=eS
ctee N= jcV eOa ]a (1158 Mve 1170)* Lfe HL
hfmMe DmM @R, N=jcSe Lc _L _cL `]^Le
Lc`VLèe j^`^_ S ]a* jk Hk cteL Aj HWe @M]`
`Sf_`B Mn aa[ HL Nc ]_ Le\m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 123
`[ Hj. H_. eSNe Hk hfmMe `W Le DmM[ j^`^_

S ]a* N[Nat S ]a am _ LeR Ha 1162
Mve Hk OV\a _e`Z LeR (Orissa Historical Research
Journal,Vol.4, No.4, p.179-182 / Inscriptions of Orissa, Vol.III,
Part II, p.294) L Ac JXA NaiLc_ h S ]a* j`Le c_
c _ eM [* aa am ê_B\a k[ Hk Lc`VLèL hLcc
am WDeBR J S ]a Auaj aaQd _cL* hi am
ê_B j jk Lcl[e Lc _L* jk Aj\a af @ay_
Le\a jca am c[ ]BR d\- "A question may be asked
why did SriJayadeva stay at Kurmapatakapura? The answer
is very simple. Sri Kurmam came to prominence as a notable
centre of vaishnav faith and movement in the Kalinga country
from the beginning of the twelfth century. X X X X X So it was
quite natural for a famous Vaisnav saint Sri Jayadeva, a follower
of sage Nimbarka of the Andhra country to stay for some time in
this centre of Vaisnavism during the course of his return journey
from south to Bhubaneswar in his native kingdom".
(SRIGITAGOVINDAMAHAKAVYAM, ed.Dr. Bhagavan Panda, introduction, p.41-42) Hkja WDeZ @[ `c]`
j`] j`Le @j[ `Qe
h S ]a Auaj _cL* @_Nc a hi _ \m j
_cL* `bae `X N[Nat eQ_ Le\m am dDc_ Lk
jc_ SZ a SZ _k d [~e jc_ JXhe mf[-aà J
c_aa] Hk jah La*`B Oe @_ LeQmR jc_ h
S ]a _cL* hi \m am LDW SZm?
d] `h kH - LDW jc_ h S ]a* `[* _c bS
]a am SZm? Dre cfa - S ]a _S Hk LkR (h bS
]a `baj) d] `h kH - [* c[* _c ac ]a am Lè
SZkm? Dre cfa S ]a _S Hk LkR (ac]aj[ h S
]a) d] `h ka - [* au èhe am LDW SZ `Xm? Dre
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 124
cfa - S ]a _S jQBR (èhe] àN) d] `h ka Ltam [* S_cV am LDW SZkm? Dre cfa - [* _S
mMe (Ltamjc]jca)
d] _cL [* Ne Ha Hè Ne d j [*e `bae k
mM_ ê\m, [a [k _ j DmM Le\ _S mMe j
Hè A] Le _k
j[e j _cL* hi a @_Nc _\m
ae Hk k jca d h S ]a* aw èQL ^j Le [*
kt^c`B A[j[ LeaL dD iXd kB\m []_d _cL
hl[ èL Aj S ]a jLe\a e^* jk L _c mNB jêZ
S_c_je [* aa ba `[[ LeaL Q Le\m JXhe
[]__ akZa] eSh H\e jkdN Le _cL* ahjdN[
aYB\m h S ]a* awe aa LeBae jk D]c Lfe
èe _cL* jc[ ak kt ^c^Le HL[ kB jL[e jk Hk
iXdL jkd Le\m @[Ha, S ]a _cL* hi \m am
Lka dè bc[L, j _cL* Lcl[ hLcce _aj Le\m am
Lka [[^L bc[L
Lc`VLèe `L[ èQ
[a j^`^_ h S ]a Lc`VLèe am m=eS cte
hfmMe dk mM @R [ke [`d L'Z? LDW Hk Lc`VLè?
LZLWe c[ AW LmcVe ]ee Lec Ne awè
Swe ka è AD SZaL aL _k d Hk k \m jk
Lc`VLèe jLt eSNe _S aM D`y`_ Lea àe Lec
aw` d] Aa[ kBè\ [a jca[ Lc`VLè ba
hLcce @a[eZ j La a Le _ \
AS dc[ JXh D`LfL jc]L LBRc_ ml ml jMe
Ajae mNR @ ]a`B j[af c^ jkè _ Aj\m
Ha ASe Nkec\ è j[af dDW jc_ ah ècZe
HLW kD\m [ke _c Ac à èi _ eM\m Lcè dk
@e=We è `d a \a k[ Lc`VLè ba a][ kB\m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 125
Hk Lc`VLèe @âj \m h S ]a
ak[`ye aw_\
`ce ke(keL)èe QDiW dN_ yfWe à[Ve
LZLL ]B ak ba _B LLVèe è `d jcN @qf
kBDW\m aw[e èc à_ `W aw[`W NeX`qZe
cf\a HL è Me ak[ `y âZ am M]B kB\a
DmMdN Lc`VLèe dD a_ Dè ]A dBR [e ]O
]a_] [ee è `d a kB\a af `y jc] afe keè
BmL `d èa Ha HkWe k Hk bMe `y ak[, LeZ è
`V Hk Lc j*Q[
Hk ak[ `ye â a `b ba aw* k aQe LedD\m
akZa]c_ jWe aw`L b= [kL HL ha`W
ba ]hBaL D]c Le\m c^ aw* _c ajS_ LeaL jkj
Leè _k [Z _c eMR aw_\
jk Ne S_kB B_ jbm jbje dN ]B\a `\c
JXA _fcZ j_`[ cM j`]L \B JXh jeLe dDja Sm
NSVe `Lh LeR [ke è Me ba Hke jQ_ cf
d\- "The indications are that there was a shrine of Buddhist
cult before the present dilapidated temple was built and Vrihat
Pastha was either the name of this village or this village was
included in a region known as Vrihat Prastha. The temple of
Buddhanath is an old dilapidated monument with nicely carved
images on the outer walls of the temple. As the name suggests,
the place was perhaps once a seat of Tantric cult".(Orissa District Gazetteers, Puri, p. 672)
akZa] SmA[ a_c aw[
[cc @qfe Hkè OVR QDiW dN_ cte ba SZhZ
keèe QDiW LcLf `L akZ[e HL `W ba ]hkBR
("According to scholars the temple of Sixtyfour Yoginis at Hirapur
was a centre of Brahminical Tantric religion" Ibid. p.673)
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 126
[L akZ Lka HL ab LeZ akZ^c J [ A]h[

aè[
ak a èi _k, è `L[ a c[ [_ k j Le\H am
A]c @âj ìZ LeAj\a @_b[ ahjL aâw Le\a `wr
kDR [
A]c @âje `L[L ahjL HL ]h_e eè[ Le\m
aw ^c Ha Hk ]h_e `N `wr `]_ Le aSd_ c[[_e
jS_hL [rbrL Le\m
aw[ di[ d_ jch[c
dk[ c[[_e jS_h jL kB\H [e S__t
jk[e Ha dk[ S__ SWee S_ _D\a `[L c_a j_
[* _S è s_, NZ, c_, c_aa] J ah`c kD am aw
Qk\m Ha `[L* aw[ ` dk[ \m aw^ce hi @bfi,
jk[ aw[ jk [ jd Le\m e S__tL j\`B jLe
LedBR, aw[ di[ d_ jch[c
Hk `] L\ b[e _k[ @R `\ae jah c_aa] ]h_
S__ SWee S_ kD\a `[L cZi aw kBè Hk k Hk
]h_e _
SWee j_ êZ S__e S__t k[ k kB\H jk[
Hk ]h_e @â a @_Ncc_* `B _ee S__t k Sa_[re
Aê, Sa_ Ssje Dre [e jk[ d_ `S [ jk[
d_c
d_ @_L[e èdS[ [bS kDR [e d HL Ha
@_L de ju jcahe jcSL ILe èV_ awc[e jcSL
ILe @b][ k ^c (ê[ B[ ^c - dk jcSe jc* jcj_e
jk êeM) Hk ^c Dè _be Le jb[e @k_ @NN[ @NN[
d] @k_ kH [a [e N[`\ QLL[ kaL k a^ Hk LeZe
QL je Ha `N[e `[L Hk LeZe ^cQLe èL_ Ha àr_
Hk LeZe [e jc [bS QLy jde` aw* LZL cte QLQf[
e\e e` _B\ae LeZ c^ kDR Hk k Hk LeZe aw
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 127
SN_\* cte h cte (cte) Ha [e QXe QL (_fQL)

Hk LeZ L akZa]`B @jk j[e keèe QDiW
dN_ `WL akZ[e HL `Wba d `Qe LedDR [k
awLtL ktyfe èZ[ Leae iXde D[
[ hecZ hSN_\ Nxe NaiL eSt Lce ck mMR
d kt[c_*e dD QDiW dN_* Qn LedBR [ jk JXhe
dN_* cre jc&j _k [Z Hk QDiW c[L j[ [*
c[e [ j^_e `\c j[`[ JXhe k OV\m [Z aSd_c_
JXhL `\c`W e` jLe LeR `[L [ QDiW `db
Hk QDiW jML jM kDR acf Hk acfL c[L as_
Lk dH acf cê hv ^_ A] m [ ba \H [Z c[Lc_*
c^ ]B _ Nm [e `L[ e` aT`X _k c[L as_ `\ae d
LZj bie acf jcu `dd, Hk mMa _S_ hv ^_
_] as_e @N[ J _] as_ c[L s_e @N[ am ]hB, h
ck `_ LkR, c[Lc_* cê dDbf ba jc[Le D`j_
ja[ ]MaL cf, jkbf QDiW c[L* D`j_ ja[ ]MaL cf
_k
a[ aw[e c[L as_k jS_L as_ J jS_L as_k
c\_ as_ Sa_ c\_ jc[ ` ak [r_b[e Sa_ r_e
@_k[ ê k]e t_ t_ D[$m
[Z, Ad QdQe Lk`] d L Qe@h jwj^L*
cê @_[c j Hk QDiWL k]e QDiW `MX `] am êZ
LeR jkbf @_[c jwj^L L`] c^ QDiW `MX `] L\
LkR Hk jwQdc_ jkS j^_e A`ZL kSB]B jw mb
Le\m
c[L as_ [L ck as_e @N[ [he ekj
cNe à kB @Nje kaL km c[L as_ `[ `]e
AahL kB\H c[L @\ acf acfe jM `Qh a QDiW
à JXhe Hke _NY AmQ_ kD\m [Z JXhe ]BV y_e
jk acf jM @_d QDiW dN_ cr `S `D\m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 128
Hk [\ Hkk ja LeR d keèe QDiW dN_ `W

d_ e` èL[ HL aw[ `W dkL kt ^cN[ Lea`B
akZ[ è HL aè[ aba_ jk dXae @`Q LedBR
H\e c^yfe ham= \a dk LkdBR ("Probably an
image of Siva was the original icon of this covered structure, but
no image is to be found there now"-Orissa District gazetteers,
Puri,p.673) [k Hk @`Qe D[ Hk NSVe jc[fe jLe
LeR d Hk `We c^ Q[ee, dDW ha \a L\ Hk LkR , [k
L[ai [f cec[ kB\m ("repaired a few years back") Hk
cec[ af _ jWe Lt aNk* @`je[ LedBR Hk Lt
aNk ha _ \m - dk akZa] AcL ahj ]ADR, L \m HL
]a `[c A]La jef ]j ]a ]N* Lt Le QDiW dN_
Oe ek\a L\ LkR Lt aNk ba ha* QkBaL Q Le\a
` NSVe HL\ c^ jLe LeR d dN_c_ ]N* jkQe
Ha [*e k @h ahi ("The Yoginis are attendants on Durga,
and in a sense, are considered to be various forms of the Goddess herself") j[e Hk _jtk d keè \m aw[e HL
ahi `W
h S ]a* aa jSB [* jk[L akZa] @Ae
LeaL Q Le\a è Hk aw [`WL akZ[`W ba ]hBae
Q LedBR
Hk j[ k]=c Leèm Hk kBdH d keèe
jc] af `d `y J ]a_] [ee è `d ]O j`_ jcN
@qf \m Lc cf Ha Hk Lc cf \m aw Lc aSd_ a
jkSd_ `Q][ c\_ [re `Nhf LZL ` (aw* N[_d
jd cte) ak_ Le\a c\_ crNXL Hk [re `s`_ è hctee
c^ Hk k kBR `. at`^* eQ_af Nxe è ctee Hk
ah j`Le HL @_][ Dw[ eMR `\[dh X.`.Qp`^ j
jaM[ _au mL[e [k @aLf Dw[ km"Among the Buddhist Tantrikas there originated a sect called
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 129
Kamavajrayana, based on the view that the birth of the human

being and that of the universe followed the same principle.....The
texts of this school are so full of obscene details as can hardly
be published for the general readers. According to this sect, the
universe is created by KAMA exactly as human beings
are........Their ritual practice aim at establishing a harmony between cosmic lust and human lust. They were, therefore, continually indulging in KAMA SADHANA......They exhibited this lust
on the temples and monasteries.....I am of opinion that the temple
of Jagannath (Puri) was originally built under the influence of
these Kamavajrayanis. The place of the Goddess Vimala (in the
Puri temple) was sacred to them.....It was in this Sri-Mandira (another name of the Puri temple) that the harmony was achieved
between cosmic creation and the creation of the human body. In
all these obscene scluptures, every male is a Buddhist monk of
the Kamavajrayana school and every female is a devadasi or
female votary. The whole temple was built on the principles of
the Kamavajrayani Buddhists".)(Lokayata,p.336)
Ne]a aw c[`^_ NZeSNXLe cfL[ Dè dD
Ne[e` Le\m [k Sa_[re @_hf_ J jcSL jM`B ]_
d d_S_[ aba_e Ah _a jL\ @tS LekB _ \m c[
akZa]c_* iXd k[ jêZ cZie jcSL IL Hè AL
kBDWm d [e `[L e `B Hè ]h_L D`Qe @èk d c_km
jaf Lafe ]af L el Lea `B Hk D`Qe j Le\ m JXh ([]__
D_)
HL @]M ]N
H ]e HkL eS_[L LcaLhe HL è eMdBè
aw dk[ _ehea] \m jk[ j `]_ Le\a ^cL A^[L
^c am LkdBèa _k [k \m j`[ eS_[L ^c
eS_[L LeZe a c[e^Le Hke `ì[ mb Le\m c[
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 130
aSd_ aw* SN_\ Lea Ha [* aNke c[[_L jLe Le

A]aje A][ aw[e e`[ kBda A] eS_[L _ \m,
\m A^[-jcSL Lc Hk HL jcSL aàe e` _B eS_[L
lc[ af `B j Le\ m a`] Ha j eS_he hea kB\m
Hk @b[à J @__ jêZ OVZ `[ B[kj H`d ]`[ Le
_k è Ac H\ DèL Aja
Ha Laf H[L LkdBè d, aSd_ `j[ aw[
awQ[_ jk c[he jc_br L kB\a k[ HL aâ w D`^cb a
Db ka $fe akZ ^ce aaic ]e _d [[ kBQm\ a JXh e
jMNe S_[ Hk D`^c c^ce MS\m ce cN Hk cNL
jNc Lea `B h S ]a j Le\m [* ckk jk[ dk
c\_[rê hSN_\* aBh `kQ ba JXA S[ ]e èNk[
kB\m ck]^ jb[ è` Lc`VLèe @a]_ \m H\`B
ja^L
[rL àk ]e ]Mm h S ]a Hk Lc`VLèe @âj
Ha Hke `Q][ ]h_e @_ar \m m=eS cte N[e
Lc`VLèaj j^àe S ]a ba Hk h S ]a* _cmM
kB\a NkZdN [* j Lfe hLcc _cL Au @N[ y_e
aj Le\a a am @tS Le eSNe bm LeR J _cL* jk [*
dX B[kjL [e jWL je` `Lh`B a^ ]BR H\e
]Ma [* jL jk[ [*e L èQ ]DR
h S ]a* @`] cê k ekR [* `L[ èQ
`]a[QeZQeZQLar
`] Ha QL - Hke b[e ò_ kB ekR h S ]a*
èQ
`\c [* jk[e je` @_^_ Lm HWL Aj ka
àe Lk kBR d j N[ Nat _cL LZj La a
ckLa eQ_ Le _ \m a]L èi`^_e `[Le `B
c[e^Lecc Sa_ ]h_e Lcf aba èaiZ LeaL j 22V
@`]-`]af k eQ_ Le\m HNXL H[ S_` \m d, b_
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 131
è`le eQ[ HL]h`] ]ha[e [V a JXA S[ AMe @`]

kB ekNm
`h kBè: h S]a Laf @`] eQ_e c__ah
Le\m LkL? Hke jl J Dre km- aw [ jk j`L
[* H\`B `Q][ Le\m
j _SL `]a[ QeZ QeZ QLar ba a][ LeBR
[* ajaL am `Qe QfB\a mL `]a[* [* am
Lk __ L`fL[ Lc] ]e Hk @[f_ ]h_L* cfL ck[L
mLQle ]eB eMaL D]c QfB QmR L jef j[ km
Hk k d j a`SL _ \m; \m aw aw_e \B, LcaSd_e
SZ _[_ j^L ba k j _Se Hk èQ ]BR
c\_e Sa_e ê aLh[ kB\H am jLe Le
aw aSd_ _e[_L Hk aLhe D ba j_ ]B\m [_ [re
ahiZe j kB\a A]aje A] [ Hk ]e HL aâw ]h_e
cd] mb Le\m
Hk [e A]h ba DbkB\m [_[re e`L `]a[
[k* @]f `] aw* _~h[ @cNe `[L[L kB\aaf,
Hk [e @ ckh* ]e jel[ Hk ckhc_ `[L @
dN_ èa[
AW @ QDiW dN_* _B S ]a* S_qf Lc cf
@N[ keèe QDiW dN_ cte Lè aw[e HL à_`W[k
ANe AmQ[ kBR Hk `W d_ @_L[e _c[ d_ k
Sa_e cfD am aw[ ahj Le [Z keèe Dè
d_ ctee QDiW dN_* y[
jw j^L Lk`] Ad QdQe ]B\a j*[ @_d,
Hk QDiW dN_ kDR QDiW]f `] aw [e `]e @\ d_
a e S__t `S__te _c aS tQ d\ `] aS
`jt [\ @\[ e S__t dè `], èie S__t jè
aS Sa_e e`_ dD [S^[ a hL k[ kB\H [k Hk `]
J aSe OiZe D`_ kB\H Hk @_b[e `&f kB\H a^Qr
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 132
jkSd_e ]h_L jk[ Hkk Lk [[ jkS a^Qr S[

hLc ` ] [ aS`]jOiZ [S^[e` ] [ aSjk `]e jOiZe
Hk dD Q[`y`_, [ke Hkk j d LcaSd_ ]e `] k
jL, `] k cf, `] k cM Hkk[ aw[e A]h kDR
`]a[ Hk `]a[* QeZQeZLe ba hS]a _SL D`y`[
Le\aaf [ j^L kB\a k[ j^_ QLe @_ar ba a A`ZL
QLar am aOi[ LeR j[e j `]a[ QeZQeZQLar
DmM _ S_ d, [e j^_ j[ kDR QL QL kDR
aw]he h<f [k kDR `]`bae j`[e `[L Hk QLe
` `baL h S]a c_\a k[ Ha Hk QLe j] arc_ a m
\a k[ j QLar
aw ]h_e QLe y_ @__ QL `N[e `[L `N[e
`[N[ _ \H j\`B aw]a* S_y_ jk SX[ ba_hee
[*e j[e `[ai @hLce `f[ e\d[L @ZakX e\d[
am LkdH jce @_k[ @NN[L j ]B\a ]h_L èQL
LkdH LfQLa] y[ èar_ jr @_k[ `N[ k jc J je
^c am j Le\a j[ y`_ k ^cQL àr_ j[e aw^ce
j*[ kDR QL `[L _a_ aw j^L QLe @_ar J jk[
QLar aw h bie eSkcj jm[ êS @_re
^_ Qarc Q @[a[c(jr_`[)
@[Ha, _SL `]a[QeZQeZQLar am ]hB h S]a
Hk jef j[k `LV LeR d, j aw[e SZ _[_ j^L
Ha c\_-[re @_Nc Hk [rL HL jkL jk[ ]a`B j
@`]NXL eQ_ Le\m
@`] D[ aw[e
@`] eQ_`B [* [e @ah k `ba[ Le\m
Hk @ah `]a[* @]f `], [ke @ ckh J `[ ckhe
@ dN_e Laf jc[ _k; [j^_e cf j[ a aSc NXLe
a Hk `[ac[ jMe HNXL @a^; d\-
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 133
aSc à [[ èLr[
NeaS haS ecaS [[ ba[
LcaS dNaS [SaSc\èc
haS Q el Q `Qi `^_[
Hk aScNXLe _] d\Lc - H, k, h, , L, V, J k
A]h `]a[* aS_] J HWe `kqa`B Hk @ aS_]e
Ah @èkd
`[V aS_] HL HL ckh*`B @b`[ `[V ckh
_e[_e jS_hf ck[e HL HL e`L L Hk jS_hf[ jLe
ka`B @`l eM c\_e j\`B jLeZ A]h _S c\_e
c^c jLe [k jk _S c\_e[ kB jcN jS_ bAB\a
hjw èarLfe eQ_ kB\m c^, Hk jwe @ak[ ê
è] kH `cb akN[e:
d\JLe _c [L ]B ]a ajm [k dB
[a j _f _km `Zk Vfcf km
]a aBm [k SZ [ aSLf k@ `Z
[[ c ]D@R ae aS d kD [ hee
j aSLf am hZ ae [ da ]m `Z
[ A]c[ h ka c[ [ m= d Lea
[ @= b] ck \a jLf j c Lea
[c[e J kDR c\_e e`L Hke DèbN _j
@wc[ jk d jd kB\H [k k @aR_ c\_ jLeZ
A]c[ jS_Lc kB _S @=e HL @h ake Le [k jk A[ecZ
eQae dk[ [k NW_[L LeZe ]Y kB _ è Vfcf km
jk[ [kL J èar aSLf a m=e eè[ Le [ jk cf[
kB j bAB\a Dè Dw[e D`m Hkk c\_e A]e`
Ha Hkk LcaSd_ ]h_e brbce HL jeL
c\_ èc [r jy[LeZc
c\_[ S[ jw aks_ j]mbc
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 134
@\[, j J [ke y[ J am c\_h kB\aaf aks_

a Sa_ Ssje jw @S_ c^ c\_LtL j[e aw [ c\_
Dè Hè Ne[ ]H d LkdH : aw[ di]d_ jch[c di
a _ee d_e Sa_e Dc; [Z [ke jchek aw[e D`m;
Sa_Ssje ae J è`r
HW aks_ a Sa_ Ssj @\ M] @S_ a @_ D`]_
jL s_ akZ h jLr ba ak* D`y`[ Le\a af
Sa SN[e j @_e jcaR (@_[ ba b[_-hc] bNa[ N[, 3
@^, hL-14) am aj DmM LeR ckbe[e @S_* hL
]B\a [rhl Rfe H]e akk @_ _ee d a ak hve
Hk aM LeR akk @_ am LkaL dB j [re D`_i]e
`cZ Dwe LeR Hk D`_i]e HL jQ_dN hLe BeS @_a]
e^L_* mMe ]MdD"From food, verily, are produced whatsoever creatures dwell on
earth. Moreover, by food alone they live. And then also into it
they pass at the end. Food, verily, is the eldest born of beings.
Therefore it is called the healing herb for all. From food are beings born. When born they grow up by food. It is eaten and
eats things. Therefore it is called food". Taittiriya Upanishad,
ii.2, Principal Upanisads, Tr. Radhakrisnan, London, 1953)
H[~e Dèwr hLe aks_ hvL hj D`]_ s_ @\e k
_aL ka `S_ a cO jk `\a c\_ e[ km j NkZ Le\a
aS ale eè[ kB $jm D`_ ka è _e [_ èi jk
c\_e[ kB D`_ Le\H c_a j_; j[e a]e ak _k,
`\ae _e k S_ jcSe je D Ha Hk `S__Le c\_ _eLtL
J Hk Lce j `L[LtL - Hk aàL ahiZ akZa]
èi`^_e HL h `[a^_ ba Db kB\m Hk \m LiLtL
LkLe Lec[
Hk Lec[ afe c\_bfi _e be[ aPe Db
kB\m _L ba jL, èL J jc_ - Hk [a^ b2a
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 135
_Le aNLeZ LedB\aaf `[ aNe _L @a^ `Leb]e

Qk[ ; d\: M[, a`m , j^_brL , ajLj, Lfke[ , ì[brL ,
aekL[ J @bjeL DmM_ d, AW `Le $m jdNe
]a* `SLm c\_ _a]_ j` ka jLe LedBR H\e
Qe m=-` J Qe d_-` ; d\Q`L Leaeq ê cXc`Sc
m=`c[ M[ `j_c`Z hbc
aL` ceaL aiL Q ]ZLc
d_` jaM[cc `S_ LcZ
(Lfj [-9/10, j[-eSt Lce ck, [hecZ h SN_\)
c\_ jk AW jMe j`L Hè ju kB\aaf , Ae^
`]a[* @]f`], [ke @ ckh, `[ ckh* @ dN_,
dN_ ctee c\_[r, c\_LPl _Le @a^ `Leb] jc[
aw* _]h[ @cN, @ h<f aw [e HL_ h S]a* @
jMe QcLe[ `[ ALi[ Le\a jbaL Hk QcLe[e @_ HL
`V_ c^ OVR c\_e @ j`_e Hk @a^ j`_ km :jeZ Lr_ Lf `lZ NkbiZc
jLâj L_rea Q
jeZe L_r `d c\_e @a^ @NN[e ê Dè k
h S ]a* @`]NXL jcNLba Aê[ j[e Hk k @he
LkdBè d @ jMe QcLe[ k[ Laf @`] eQ_ Le j
aw [e c\_h ]h_ `[ _Se `[aw[ `LV[ Le\m Ha
[ke `LeZ`B `Qe a LeB\m [* k[ c\_[r Hè jamf
J h kBDW\m d, aw[e j^Lc_ [* S_qf Lc`VLèe
`[L e` ]B``me Lc c] jLe [ke [ae `&f `]_ Lm
[k c\_-jca `S km am ê_AdD\m d\LeLo`L L[ ]][ `&f [c
L\[ ]a ]ah `S c\_-jca (bea jk[)
`Z^_ dN d dk[ c\_[re jah La h S ]a
Lc`VLèe jc] jmN Ltam Nce S_ kB\m J Lc`VLè
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 136
k c\_[re `Nhf ba Db kB\m jk[ Lc a Lo`L

c\_e j*[ ba [ j^Lc_ c_\m
`h kBè h S ]a d] aw[e @_ar ]h_L \m
Ha [ke jkL jk[ ba @`]NXL mM\m, [a jNXLe
_L _c aa Le\m LkL?
awa]e jel `B aa cM
H\e Dre MSa àe Ac ]Ma `L[e [k OV\m L?
OV _\m LeZ h S ]a [* @`]NXL _L `^_ LeR,
_L `^_ Le_k e^* c_e d_ j* jqeZ`B Lp_e
D]ce Aec Le j=c hie [* `_ae h=e jSe jSB]aL
e^ ke* Ak_ ]a `d aBhVdL @`] _LLtL àe
Lk kBR d, h S ]a _S mMR am dD `]NXL QkV
Leda j=[ jNXLe 84 \e _L _c AjR [_ê 52 \e
Laf NVH _c AjR; [k km ke ke aa _k, ae HL
aw _c ak* LVc k[e ê akZa] aewe aw* aee
`[L[L e` _B\a aSd_e Ae^ keL a keL* _c`bh
Lè ke [k àe AmQ[ kBR ke `Z jd* _c dD _ce
aw _S èQ eMR - A]n_c N[_.... (jr_`[) jk k[
keL* Lec @qfe mL Ha a ^c ]a[ am jc^_ Le
'Kuruma: A lesser known Buddhist site of Orissa' hiL _aue
NaiL ji Lce e\ Hke jQ_ eMR Hkè: "There is a tank
called 'Dharma Pokhari (Tank of Dharma) at one end of the village. Prior to excavation, a stone slab containing a beutiful figure of Buddha was lying on the bank of this tank. Later on, this
image was replaced and enshrined in a newly built shade. Besides the Buddha image, other two images were found near the
tank as they were placed by the side of the said image. One of
these figures is identified with HERUKA. Local people call this
image as 'Dharma' (the Sun God)."( Orissa Review, April 2005,
79-80) @[Ha d keL j k aw, j k jd a ^c ]a[, j k
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 137
ke h S ]a 84 \ee 52 \e Laf [*e _c _BR J [*e

SSLe Le ]ha[e [e [* k aw ba Qk[ LeR @_
dD _cNXL _BR jNXL ke jM [f_e _k[ _NZ
d\- cê` (7 \e), câ (5\e), Lha (4\e), a_cf (4\e),
c^j]_(3\e), cee (2\e) Ha Laf \e mMH d]_t_, _eZ,
c^c\_, câe, L, kfêj]e, Lhc\_ J aj]a Hk _cNXL
cê _eZ èZL @\e _e a cZie bB kB\a af
aakeL @\e _e jcSe jcSL ILe HL `[L _c; aj]a,
kfêj]e, d]_t_, a_cf J L aj]a* ]e èj
c[e^Lee `^_ `ìL _L* _c d L jkS _L ba
ah èQ[; Lha J Lhc\_ _c ]BV Lh ][L k[ Le\a
k[ hL @S_ Le\a _c Hk ][ èi`^_e `Q]L Lje
\m h jc\L Lje j\ el `B Hk ][ c[e^Lee
`ìL hL* ceaL Aj\m, _S ce\m cee c^ bcjee
cM jkL ce _cL ][L jke Le\a k[ hL @S_ Le\a
HL _c bcje \m HL SO_ _e]k [* T@ Lhe* co[
LeB j @`keZ Le\m; Hk è if jkj Lce* @`keZ Le
cZà[e K]L _cL y_e at Le eM\m ckbe[e jbàe
H\e jahi a_ ekR Hk _e _d[_ Lte Q[`he ce
][ [ê ReL j`_ R kSe $h M& _e jcS Dè Qm\a
@[QeL dNB\m HL ]b] j& c[e^Lee @â J `Q]L
hL Hk ce ][L k[Le jk at_ L_c_* c Le\m J
jk[ cee ba M[ kB\m câ _c c^ c[e^Le ][L;
c'e dH â jH câ: HW c cM, â NZ Hk jc _c aj ]a
j Le\a jkS _L hL* _c [Z Hk ja _c _B h S
]a c[e^Lee AbcM è`LeZ`B `Q LeR Ha èle
aw èZe `je OVBR èi`^_ `s`L a* _c j \e
km _ _B\m c^ a* L_ cfe D[ kB a ba _SL
`[ Le\a c^ _cL @jeL k[ Le\a LeZe a dD cê`,
câe, c^c\_ J c^j]_ _c @S_ Le\m j[L c[ @[ jc[
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 138
ba aake LeR h S ]a j[e j d aa _ \m, \m

aw - Hk [e HL DL `cZ L [\` a `h DWè - d[
jc[ kD `R, a* _c j aake LeR LkL? Hk HB\`B
d, JXhL ]Mm Le_B\a awae^c_* $*ce awa]e
jel`B Hk Lhf \m jarc
awa] bc _e`^_e @al
bc jcSe aw[ a LcaSd_ JXhe mLL ^ce
èZ[ kBdB\m akZa] ktc_ j*Q[ kB`X \m
èi`^_ Ma kB\m J _e`^_ ]Yb[ kB\m _e`^_e
@_[c ] \m bc jcs `\ ck]a Je$ [ba_ ck]a2 Hk* `[ jba[= D`^ê S_S-1 JXhe bcre Lfe
jcah jcS `[ Le\m j jcmè-j_è-am=e @qfe
y`_ Le\a Lhf eS d ck]^ `d ae mb Le\m [k
cfe ck]^ @qfe j*Q[ kB ek\a akZa] hc_* ò_
jkdN ek\a @ahca `\ ck]a* jc hbLe]a-4 _j_
@aye Sa_ [N Lm è jkj_`B j J [* ]ae* cê
aa] ]M ]B\m S_S-1 _S ]k[ `\ ck]a* jk[
]B jkj_e @^[ Le\m Ha jk jdNe bc jcSe
`hj_e c^ _Se `ba ae Le\m @amfLc ck]^ `d
jcN JXhL _S _ZL _B j èar Lfe [* `[ dd[-1*
]e bc- bM ]Mme `\ èe Le ]B\m (K. C. Panigrahi,
History of Orissa, p.102-03) Ha Hk ` e b a a w a] b c
_e`^_e @al Aec kB\m J Aec kB\m awae^
jcahe @b[\_ bcLec_ _S ahm[e `\ ck]a*
_c eM_k am cSe X Lc]_ aeB (Role of Women in the
History of Orissa, p.78) dk mMR [k hZh[ jcah* jk
j`L k[ D`S\a ae LeZe kH[ kB\a
jcah* akZ Ac]_ J aw k__
M.@. 931 afL jcah jcS y`[ kB\m am NkZ
LeNm c^ JXhe HL b_ j[L jcS àr_e `[s ê Hk
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 139
Aj\m bcLec_ c[`^_ brL awaSd_ j[e @_ar

\m Hc_* jce aw[e `ba [= ee `kq\m
jcahc_* c^ce akZa] [ke cf`V_ Qk\m a[
Hk jcahc_* jk[e JXhe aaha] akZc_* jM
J h àfba aY\m X aS Lce e\* jQ_ (Cultural History of Orissa, p.65) @_je dd[ Lhe-1 J X j[_eZ
eSNe* jQ_ (JXhe B[kj, `\c bN, `.548) @_je dd[-2
L_LaSe ak (Lc] @_je ]hjkj) a]^ akZ* AZ
a[eZ _] Lfe ]hhc^ ds Le\m
@[Ha Hk jcahc_* jkde akZa] JXhL Nj
Lea L Qk\ m H\e @e \m aw, ahi[, aSd_ J jkSd_e
j^Lc_ j[e jc_* k[Le _k Le]aL jcahc_
D]c Le\m La Che ]j* Q[_ bNa[(148 @^)e Hk
`hQL Le a_ ekR Hkè j[h aA_ aD^ Lhe eS j= a]61
j[ `VZ c[ kB R@h aD^ ceB62
@è j[iW `Z aD^ ce _` eZ63
aL aD^ QDeh N` bS kiLh64
c Qeh aD^ L je` _k b]65
@\[ j[ `Ve 752 aw j^L \m Lhe eS jc_*
cê `\c ]$e 600 jw* k[ Le ][ ]$e 67 SZ* a^
Lm @ah 85 awQd A[N`_ Le kiLh (AleL @\e
S[t aw J ak\e hSN_\)* bS\m jMe 85 kB\m
a Hc_* QDeh aw am d a_ LedBR [k Le d
jM _ahie QDeh `We awQdc_* jl[ aw je` QDeh
aw a Qe@h jwQd am aQe LedD\m
Hk Qe@h jwQd* j`Le ANe c jQBR d, Hc_
jc \m _c`X _LVy Qeh Nc ([Lf_ awhc) _aj
Hk y_ Lc`VLè @N[ am c jQBR Hk Lc`VLè k Q[_
bNa[ bie j[`V `ye Lece keè J ]Oe ]a_]
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 140
[ee è `d èa Hk Lc`VLèe a[ \m LcaSd_e

`Nhf Hk @N[ ak[`y j`Le àe AmQ_ kBR Hk
b[e \m j[V cM aw j^_ Lt `[[rL @ahie @_c_
LedBè d HNXL \m [ee, NeX`qZ, keè, Qeh,
LLVè, LecJ Ltam Hk j[ `Ve Lhe eS* `hQL
ALcZe hLe kB 667 SZ aw jx c[ aeZ Lm è Qe@h
`We @ah jwQd kH[ j]e _`fL dB jWe @[N`_
Le\m _`f jk awSN_\* ju J jNbe j`Le @SZ ekj
kDR jca[ Hk k [Z _jtk ba Qeh jwQd _oL
JXA c[bi JXAe `Q_ @le J hv aake Le jc_ aw
]kNXL mM\m JXAe cfL[ el LeaL j[[ D]ce[
awc_* k[ LeQm\m akeN[ jcahc_ JXhe akZ
hj_ àr_ Lea mle c[ aw aSd_ Hè mLL \m d [e
cf`V_ jca _ \m j[e jcahc_ [L @`ZB [L ha[e
js]B jk ha[ c^ce aw[e HL jcSL J j[L L
èar_ LeaL D]c Le\m ba_heWe \a behe ctee
ahf ham= d cfL[ HL awc \m [k ahj LedBè
h `ZNk Hk @bc[ (History of Orissa,pp.312-13) eM JXhe
aw^ce am`LeZ`B dD `Me D]c kBQm\m HkL [ke
HL cL jl am ]hBR
aw^ce `jayf kB\a k[ JXhe awc[amcc_*
cf`R Lea `B akZ a]c_ da[ `haL `]l` _BQm\ m
Ha kt ^ce [af - ak, a J ha* cê ha jkeLr kB\a
k[ ha* _ce ha c[a] àr_ Le jk hM jkde awk__
QfB\m J [kL ^c cd] ]D\m jc h[ve hh* \m
Hkè SZ DLV awae^ ha d L ak aM[ awLr Qece
Le]B\m am Yuan Chwang* aaeZe SZ`X DmM_ d
Hk h[ve ha^ce `h`[ N jL kBDW\m ha*e
h[_j]_Le @L LkdH `h`[ @[Ha dD hac_ _SL `h`[
am AM[ Le\m jc_ _Se ^c h[ awc_* jke Lea
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 141
`[s k[ k d _S _Se jè èQ j LeB\m [k Lka

@_ahL jba[ jef, @bj[ s_m, AQeZ[ @kj aw
j^Lc_* Hk `h`[ hac_ _d[[ J k[ Le\m
HLc èZe DmM[ HL a_e `h`[ hac_ Lè _e
ba awk__ QfB\m [ke jQ_ cf [k km dc d L
dche cte y`_ Le\m j jk cte _LVe aj Le\a SZ
`h`[Qd* HL jec cW `]_ Le\m dc kDR c[][
awk__ jk Hk dc* jd Le, `h`[ hac_* _e[e ALf_
LedB èa Lec Nce Aa[ awLre ^jahie keL J
^c è awcr j=L Hè HL cr a akeR dk y_ ahje
dc*e JX]he Lec ` \ae dD DmM LcS aha]f
mBaee jel[ \a 1015 Mve 1643 jML jQ[ `\e
]MaL cf [k Hk Lec jk Qk[ kBè am c[ ]BR
LZL `Le eQ_Le ]af c[ H\e @_c_ LedBè d
dD `h`[ hac_ aw` ^j Le\m jc_ c^ dc ba
èNZ[ kD\m Lec` [\ LZL jkc_ k ^j LeR J h
S ]a* S_y_ jc] jmN LtamL ^j Le jWe amhe
cte bABR j dkkD, Hk `h`[hac_* `ìL[
dND\a a d _SL dc ba Ske Le` e\ m [k k `Z^ _dN
[ jr JXhe S_NZ awcN è[N Le _ \m @c
h[ve, M.@.736 bc hj_ Aec afL `h`[ hac_* `ba
àf \m c^ @Qe aw-ha-jc_e HL _[_ @^ Aec
kB\m ba_hee cte N[c_*e ^c-àr_-c]e `]j_
mLfh aNke akf[ k Hke jQ_ ]H
aw[e $mN ê [\` \m @ak[
`\c[ bcLec_ @[ ]l[e jk[ ha[r jk mLrL
J L`fL B[] ab_ c[e jc_ OVB c[`^_-a[ h c[]he
aLh OVB\m at jNee Q[`he `[[ QeNV h cte
Hke `cZ c[ H ja\e @_k[ $mNê ba d aw[ @`[k[
\m [k aT`X ba_hee a[f J hhehe ctee Qc `\cVe
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 142
@^[ kB\a af [ke mLfh, aeb], bea J @cOjw

B[] aNk* D`y[ @_ c[ê jk awaSd_e S[cf_e ]h`V
Le ][ cteV ha*`B @b`[ kB\m c^ [ke N[e
aw[e @cOjw, @amL[he `b[* ]MaL cf jc h[v
`d aw _j]_e m \a ha`^_L @[ Q[e[e jk [jc_[ Le, @ahie [L Sa_-êL k @N`^_ ]B\a
bcLec_ awaSd_e @_e \a B[kj a][
Hk ahe `\[dh jcs [ba_ ]a (`\c)* Le]hj_cMc_ jf[ ba jkj_`B c__[ Le\a Y*_f
@bmMe SZ`X (History of Orissa, K.C.Panigrahi, p.82)
JXh B[kje HL @ajeZ @ê @^[ ba Qe jeZ Hk
jcs* Le] hj_cMc_ _aQ[ Le\a ALjL _ \m è \m
bcLec_* Sa_]he aw[_c[ c[`^_e HL as e`
846 Mv afL jkj_eY kB\a Hk jcs* @Z_[ Q[\
hbLe ]a 881 Mve jkj_ AekZ Le\m c^ jLf è
_j_ @aye [*e @Lf c[ OVae eSN] `B èi
j]jc_* ]a `[ @as `]h_ Le hbLe ]a* aâ eZ `\
ck]a 894 Mve lc[ êZ Le\ m J _SL ][ [b a _ck]a
ba _c[ Le\m DmM_ d `\c [ba_ ck]a jkj_
AekZ Lmaf [* j\`B _aQ[ Le\a Le] hj_cMc_
[~e ]a Njc_* èè `[ j_ ]B\a jQB]B\m
Hk ]a Njc_* jahi èQ H`d aa[ Aa[ _ kB\m
c^ Hk* c[he e`L ba _AdBè aw[ jc he
@^LeZ ba c[hL k NkZ LeR bc jcSe `\ ck]a*
è c^ Hk c[`^_ akae `[$f[ kB\m D]keZ je`
[* ]ae [[ haLe ]a* ][ `[ `qc hbLe ]a* `[
Ne ck]a jkj_ AekZ Le\m Ne* è [] L_
] ck]a 916 Mve jcs kB\a af [* è [*
ac[ (`qc hbLe ]a* `\c `[) aLf ck]a bc jcSe
hj_ be jcf\m aLf* è [* aX dA @\[ [[ hLe
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 143
]a* ^c`[ ^c ck]a jkj_ AekZ Le\m Hk ^c ck]a

k \m bc jcSe hi jcs
SZ ckf hj_Lr ka Ha [* è LZj èar èi
ahê* k[L jkj_ _ dB àar `Ye @_ SZ ckf* eSbe
@`[ ka Ha `_ [* è [*We `Q_[e @_ SZ ckf
jkj_ ]Mm Lea OVZe Hkk @h @_c d bc jcSe hi
bNe JXhe c[`^_ `[ a^ D`S\m J j\`B c[`^_
@_ar bcc_ aece jcsc_* k[e k jkj_ @`Z Le _S
èè J Sa_]h @l eMaL D]c Le\m
bc jcS d akZa]c_* jk ]h_L c[b] k[
LcN[ jOie jM_ kD\m [k @tS LekDR B[kje N[êe
L[L* c[e bc jcSe @^`[c_ cfL[ aw_N[ kB\m
c^ èar Lfe ha ^ce aLh `\e jc_ @e kB _
\m aw_N[ jcV hbLe ]a-1* `[ câ ]a câhe
ha* cte _cZ LeB jWe `Sn_`B SZ haQd* _d
Le\a af hbLe ]a-4 Hk ahe `\c hac[ jc\L jcV ba
èc ckhe D`^ êZ Le\m(Sidelines on History and Culture of Orissa, Ed.M.N.Das, pp.339-40) Hk [\ ce Dè c[L
jc\_ Le Ha H\e Hk k kH d A]hN[ @]te jO[e
Lc ]]mc_ kBDW\a bc jcS _Se c[e^Le ][L
aw ah jcs ^c ck]a* `d QfB eM\m Hk è
H\e @aa] jqe LeB\a jcahc_ Hk jcSL ]Mm
Le_B\m
`M`M 945 Mv afL bc jcS Dè jcah*
@^Le j` kBdB\m bc dNe a[ mb Le\a aw aSd_
ha[e àk b[e A`[[ @[V \a af jcah hj_e
ham=e D`j_ `^_ @S_ Le\a DmM_ Oe awae^
`h`[hac_ jcah jcSe jL \m (B.K.Rath, Cultural
History of Orissa, p.163) $fe awc_, ahi[ , aSd_e
@_arc_ @[ j[L Q[e[e jk h jmN m= `S c^ce _S
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 144
Sa_]he jaS__ `[$f_ OVB\m aSd_ aw*e [_ èèL

jre br Dè aSjre _dj ba dD Q[\ jre _e`Z Le\m
[k k \m A_t je` aS dke `[L \m m= h je`Z [e a
bNa[* jk Hk m= e` _[ [\N[* _eao_ cf_ `l`Ve
aSd_ ]B Qm \m Lc_e è`r ]e Lc_ a_he ]N]h_
(Encyclopaedia of Religions and Ethics, Vol.XII, p.186) Ha Hk\e
k \m h a c[he Qe_ jS_[L ahe Abj
bcLec_* hj_ jce h ]h_ JXhe d @[
S_` kBDW\m [e cf LeZ \m jc_* c[`^_ jcSL hf
J LcaSd_ Sa_Qd a[ Hk Lfe [\N[* h je`Z
[e JXhe ab_ y_e ab_ e` `S`Ba Aec Le\md\aZè e M]ea Z [e, aZhe_ je `sèc[ , e[N e e [e ke[ ,
MQe [e, `Q @aakLe [ee B[] @akj`_ ckic~_
]N Hk jce S_` kBDW\a ahi [`d` LVLe Lhe
J ba_hee a[f ctee \a @bS ]N* ] e` _AdBè
c_a hee jr HL ckie cL êZ Le\a ]_aL ]c_ Le\a
Hk @bS ]N a[ `ha[ àr Dè aw ]a* `]h[ @cN
c^ce aS kjm Leae `[L ba aaQ b_ ba Lkm,
c[`^_ bcLec_ Hkè h hfe aw]h_e Lhf[ @l
eM\m @è`l akZ^ce èi`^_ jcS aay dD ja
]ac_* j Le\ m bcLec_ jc_* h_b e h f am ]hBaL
Q Le\m HèL akZa]e `Q jelL `hec* elLaQ
ba jc[L* y_[ Le\m `heche ctee Dre`V Lxe
\a JXhe `Q_[c jc[L crcf M jc h[ve am
L.j.`ZNk (Archaeological Remains at Bhubaneswar,p.135)
_e`Z Le\m c^ [k @c h[ve bc Lr kB\a @^L
ahjdN LeZ èi`^_e `cr D]OiZ ba dD `hec*
aQe LedH, d L èi`^_e DLi[ `[`]_ `B _S S_][
S__e he{] Le\a Lc] H dH Sa[, jk `hec* j` \a
cte N[e c[`^_e SOiLe jc[L y_[ Le c[he
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 145
c_[ Ha jcSL Sa_ Ssje aSd_ `ba `[ bcLec_

k _Se @=Leaw[ `LV[ Le\a @^L jca
a[ bcLec_ jcS^`[ kB è\a jr ]h_L
ee akZa]e `[e^Le \m akZa] aS `^_ jcS[re
akL kB\a af bcLec_ \m l[ `^_ jcSe jc\L
Hk jcS LiLtL c[e^LeL Aê Le Qm\m c[he yfe`
\m dè _e, jè \m l[ a bc _e dè cZi j Le bc
jè $jm j Le cZi jc[ jc B[e `Z dè bc k@
jè bm_ k@ bc k j, y[ J `fe Aê bc @S, @a_he
bc j[, bc hh[ bcL Ah Le dè j kH, bcL c^c Le
jè j a _h dH Sa_ Ssje ja Dre D`m kH bce
dDc_ Hk bc[r `Q][ Le\m, bce ckr ja Le\m,
jkc_ a][ kB\m bcLe ba Ha, jk[, A]h[ jc_
\m akZ a]e Oe `[ e^Le, jb a[ \m aw aSd_e @_ar
aw aSd_ JXh e LiS a S_jcSe A]hN[ _cL kB\a
k[ bc jcSe JXA LiLe _Sj bie @_L hv `hj_L
ee aak[ kD\m hbLe ]a* ktf D]OiZ J haLe
]a* [fQe D]OiZe \a d[, Nke, MV, aO, M[, am,
`m B[] JXA hvNXL (Dr.Amiya Kumar Mohanty, State and
Government in Ancient Orissa, p.295) [ke ] ba _AdBè
`\ ck]a* aD] D]OiZe kBdBR d bc jcV hbLe
]a-1 @_L aw ake J _jyf _cZ Le\m (Epigraphia
Indica Vol. xxix, p.210) dk[ aw ]h_ \m LiLtL jcSe
aabcM Sa_Qde ]h_L _c, jk[ bcLec_ jba[ Hk
]h_e @_Nc \m Ha Hè ek, Hk ]h_L jc_ Hè jaa`
LeBè\m d, akZa]e akL bcL _B JXhe hj_ e k[L
_B\a jcahc_ c^ Hk ]h_e am`_ Leè _ \m X
aS Lce e\ (Cultural History of Orissa, p.159) jcahc_*
^c_e`l[ k[, akZa] `[ jc_* @_e jr, awc_
jc_* ]h_[re jRt `Qe Leè\m am dk LkR [k NkZ
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 146
_k awc[amcc_* Dè d\o @[Qe QfB\a `h`[

hac_* AQeZ @ak[ \ae Q[ [*e `Le a cf (Hd, `.163)
H\e Hk k ja kH d, awc_* èba ]a aèe eS
hj_ kl` Le _ \m @[Ha jcah hj_ ^c _e`l _ \m
jc_* @^_e kt haa] e^c ba aLh[ kB\m aw*
S_qf (TheReal Birthplace of Buddha, Chakradhar Mohapatra)
ba_he eè[ kBdB\m ha`We che, Bthe, akhe
J m=he a m=eS cte j=L hk hk ha cte ba_hee
y`_LedB\a af aw* _S N L`fae L`fhe cte a NY
kB\m dke L[Le awcL b= ham= LedB\m J aw
aSd_ àr[ c\_ [rL ha[ Le aSd_e jc\Lc_* cê
ab j`B D]c kB\m Ha jc[fe `h`[ hac_* jRt
dNB]B awc_* Dè akZa]c_ QfB\a @[Qe `[
eh AM aS]D\m
Lc`VLèe 752 aw* jc_ Lè k[Le R_R[
Le]B\m Ha jkc_* k[ Lè Qe@h jwQd j^c RX
A[N`_ Le\m [ke jQ_ H\àe c ]B jeR
X e\* bie jcah eSc_ @^Lh[ \m akZ a]
(Cultural History of Orissa, p. 159) Btb[ J Qe@h jwQd*
j`S[ awSN_\* cf `Syfe D[M[ Le èe HL _A cte [f
jW akZa]* jkBa hfe kt aNk ba jy[ LeaL Hc_
Q Le\a B[kj èle jLe LeR @\Q hie jk
akZa]c_* QL $fe JXhe jcah hj_e @aj_ OV\m
LeZ `h`[ hac_* awc_* Dè @[Qe Leae _ar Le _
\m c^ aw^ce am`LeZ`B jcahc_ jc\ kB _ \m
@akZ JXAe Oe Oe aw
H\`B jc_ jc\ _ ka @jbaL c^ _ \m aSd_e
jlê JXhe LiSa S_S[NX L cê @ak[ ek\m
jcah* @^_e eh aw _d[_e d[ d[ aak[
kD\m JXhe @akZ `S _S _S b[e _S _S hfe j[ j[
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 147
jN`_e aw_jeZ @l eM\m `[L akZ[e JXA OeZ

[e khfe Dre-à LZe aw` @_L[e cVe HL HL `
_cZ Le ju Af[ ]D\m aXaXA (JXhe jaW aX ]h_L aw)
Hk cV` b[e `[ _ef JXA Oe jN`_e @\Q jQ[_
ee `S `D\m Ha Hk Q[_ e Lfe lLe `bae
bhXdBR [\` c^ aXaXA `S `DR akZ[e Nc JXAe
khfe, e=cVm` cVè `[k, _c[ [*e @_c[ _B
@akZ JXA Oe Ha a @_[ kDR aak Da OeL _A ak
Ajm jBW dB `\c SfR ]`, @`Z LeR [f&f @`Z LeR
jje Sa_e `\c bl JXhe _Sj ]h_ - aw ]h_ - Hkè
ba Ha a `[ _ef JXA
Oe, @s[e kD`R , @_j[ kBQmR
L ja js_e Hk kD\m
JXhe è `me akZ[e jc JXA* èaee aw Hkè
ba j`S[ kBQm\a k[ aw ae^ jcahc_ akZa]L
Ah_e` jkd Leèm_ j[e jc_* lc[e [X LZj DN
akZa] hL JXhe jkj_ ]ABa`B iXd Aec kB\m
Hk iXd k[ jcah hjL* j_`[ aj]a e\ _S jcV* `[
ah jO[L[ Le Oe awae^ QXN= ]a* _cZ LeA
Z JXh e
jkj_ ]Mm Leae jk[ ]B\m N=ahe eS[e aw
Sa_]h ahi[ c[e^Lee @_ar aSd_ ]h_ DLV J DN
eSeie jM_ kB\m
akZa]e _A Lhf
QXN= ]a akZa]e ]Y jc\L \m JXhe aw^ce
am` `B j jL D]c Le\m @hL* @_hj_ M][ \a
aw`W ^Dfe Q[`he N=heè, Lhmè, LmZè, à
hj_ J Dre hj_ _cL akZ hj_ `[ Le\m HèL S_ ^ce
`W ba a][ Lce à[L MNe J D]Ne ba _c[ Le [ke
S_ cd]L j*Q[ LeaL Q Le\m JXhe @_ jc aw J
S_ `WNXLe bNe c^ Hkè kl` OV\m JXhe cM ^c
ba j`[[ aw ^c N= eS[e DSX dB\m HèL `\c
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 148
èc ckhe ba èQ[ QX N= ]a _SL èarLfe èc

aa ba a][ LeB ha ^ce c^ @al OVB\m J M.@.
1118e 1147 cê hSN_\* ctee _aLeZ ]e aa^ce
HL _a D_i OVB\m
N=c_ @[ [a akZa] kt \m Lc]e Ah _B
LkdBè d jc_ awc_* àf _d[_ a ]D\m iXh
h[ve hi è Che ]j* ]e eQ[ Q[_ bNa[e màw HL
Lc]e SZdH akZc_* jk k[ cfB @_= bc ]a 32 SZ
aw^camc* k[ Le\m [*e @_[c b[ ba a][ c]_
ck]a c^ awc_* Dè @_e` @[Qe QfB\a c]f `&e
DmM @R H\e ]MdH QXN=* ]e Aec kB\a _A `de
aw _d[_ [* Dre^Lec_* jce c^ @[V ek\m
a[ Hk b*e awae^ eShe @b[\_ JXhe
OV\m akZa] iXde jcahe hi jcV L ]a* j_`[
a ak_`[ \a aj]a e\ JXh ALcZ `B QXN=* _cZ
Le\m c]f`& bie QXN= _V ahe Aj LVL cXaj
eS kBm ahjO[L j_`[ aj]a e\ J QXN= ch
jcahc_* jah jk e Le \ m (History of Orissa,
K.C.Panigrahi, p.111)
N=c_* O[L AL c Ze aw`WN X L b = Re M e
kBdB\m, kja @mb ak awhcZ* k[ LedB\m Ha aw
SN_\* ae eè[ LedB\m hSN_\* aw èQL m`
Lea`B Ha [* kt^ce ]@ ba ja Lea `B è^ce
kt^ce ak `bahf `QeL* jca[ LedB kt cfa]L cSa[
LedB\m
a[ N=eS[ k awc_* cê Hè b[ jqe Le\m
d JXhe jaS__ awc[_hf_e @aj_ OV\m Hkè HL
[a awae^ hj_e `\c `de JXhe j[L _be D][
kB\m h S ]a Ha, @[ j[L hv j`[ Le _S mf[ Lcf
`]afNXL c^ce èi`^_ Sa_Qd èar _e`^_
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 149
Sa_Qde S[^_ ]e akZa]e c& ]kmB ]B\m

jkSd_ j`le S ]a* jkS Lhf
h S ]a \m N= jcV QX N= ]a* `[ Lca ]a
(M:@: 1147e 1156) J eOa ]a (M. 1156e 1170) - Db*
jcjcL `[ D]_ AQd M. @. 1170e 'ba a_]_ VL'
eQ_ Leae ak àe j _Se eQ_ jc Le\m H[~e [*
eQ_ LfL M.@. 1150e 1170 cê Qk[ LeR X bNa_ `
(Sri Gitagovinda Mahakavyam, Ed.Dr.Bhagavan Panda,p.31 )
j[e aw LcaSd_e `_ SN[ `B j d[af mM_ Qf_
Lm j[af [* @[ j[L[e jk _Se @jm D~hL jN`[
eM kt akZa]`B NkZdN ka è L[L _c jd LeaL
`X\a jbaL dD j a _c [* N[e ekR [k Hk LeZek
ekR
h S ]a d] Hk j[L[ @amc_ Le _ \, j kH[ [*
N[NXL La a j` Leè _ \ [* N[NXL d] j`
kBè _ \ [a aw LcaSd_ Hè HL hhf jkL jk[
La a `Bè _ \ Lc aSd_ d] Hè jk[L jkd `B _
\ QXN=* c[ L[ `Yèe Dre^Le _ejk ]a awc[e
aaicae^hk ALcZLe cjmc _* Lafe JXh L el Le` e
am La a @_ba Leè_\ L _S m=X `x A]e _B
LcaSd_ `Q][ c\_]h ][L LZL cte _cZ Le _ \
aw_j]L N=ahe _ejk ]a Li LkL a c\_[re
h[ Bke LZL cte _cZ Le ja Le ]BR L [* à
èi eOa ]a* jce La h S ]a \m A]h[ [\ D~h[
SZ _ef LcaSd_ aw
`_ iXd; Mf_L _eke [\
L akZa] Hk _ejk ]a* Dè `[h^ _aL
@`lLe ek\m B[kj ale Hk* L[[e h jle @`je]aL
AeckB\m iXd QX N=]a* af AeckB\a c]f`&e
Hk ck_ ]h`c ckae* a=aSe DmM _ \a Hke jQ_]H
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 150
dk[ j N=Lfe S_kB c^ awLcaSd_ NkZ Le\m Ha

aw (LZLcZ)* `B LZL cte y`_ Le\m, jk[ ]ebju eM
[*e a= aS aaeZL c]f`&e y_[ LedB _ \m [*
k[ aw`B\a aw `bae jLQ_`B ][a] câQd* `phi
_eke [\* aake LedB\m m=f _ejk dk[ h S ]a*
e^[rL A`ZB jkSd_ ]h_e @_Nc kB\m, jk[ e^[re
aè[ j[[re `Qe`B _eke [\ D]c Le\m DmM_ d
m=f _ej k* è lc[eY kB\a [* `[ b_]a-1* hj_Lfe
Laf Hk _eke [\ k kBDW\m JXhe jac aHa jca[
LZLe ^j_ H k Aec Le\m
b_]a-1 lc[ NkZ Lm è è je JXhe j _Se
`ba ae Leè\a ]Mm kH d, m=f _ejk* k[
j*Q[ kB`X\a akZa]c_ [* [e^_ è è jL
kBDW\m J b_]a-1* aw `bae cLe [* àSc_*
akZa] eL $eB_aL _eke [\* D`dN Le\m
ec Lè èi`^_e jy`L \m J hcL* k[Le
aaha]e j]YLeZ Le\m [k ANe AmQ[ kBR
Hk _eke [\ ec J j[* `S Le\m J j[* `[a[
Dè Ne[]B jk Afe e^* jkSd_ Qe[ aewe JXh mL*
aTB, jc_* e^[r aewe daL àrB\m e^[r dk[
jkS b[r \m jk[ [k aaica]e ae^ [r \m _eke
[\ [ke D[M[ Le, j[ec ]k [f, JXhe akZ-aaa]e
`[ Le\m Ha S ]a* ke k ec am ]hB keec keec
ec ec ke ke - Hk ]kL ckc ba `Qe Le\m
aaica]ae^ S ]a* ke _eke [\* ece èZ[ kB
JXhe `_ae akZa] afhf kBDW\m Ha j c^ JXhe
HL eS`f Aj_e Aj_ kBè\m
Hk e è Z [ Hk k k B\ m d JX A jcS ` _ a e
aaica]e hLe kB jcSL IL keB aj\m J cjmc_ h
`Me _SL ]af @_ba Le\m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 151
LcN[ jOi: _L e ec_t `p_L

Hke `[a^_`B JXhe jcSL-IL`xc_ N= eS[e
èar_ Qk\m Ha jc_* _[[ _B\m L`ft ]a, dk*
mLa] NS`[ ba àe c Qk[ LeR j aaica]e
cf`V_`B h SN_\* aw ckce ]YLeZ Le\mJ S[a
_ahie jc SN_\* `j] `BaL jc_ @^Le ka [\
j_ak_e a_je _k, è dN[_je Dn `] cfae
aay Le\m $fe j `_ JXhL ak h[ aewe SN[
LeBè\m J eSmm` cjmc_c_ [* ]e aece èb[
kB\m JXh HLêe ALcZLe cjmc_ J @eZD`[Le
akZa] - Db a`]e _e`] kBDW\m c[ Hk ck ]h`c*
[* awLe Lè iXde hLe kaL `X\m J akZc_ Lè
L _] Lfe akZ ]j `Ve ake\a c=f eH* eS LeB,
èirc ]a ba lc[ êZe jkd Le\m J j Lè S
]a* @`]NXL at Le hctee _S _ce bZ[ @b_a N[Nat
`Qf_ LeB\m J [k `[ke LeaL a^ km af Lè [ke
`l hLaf M& [kL akZ-aaa]e jk[ ba `Qe[
LeB\m [k àe LkkBR $fe èirc* k[ JXhe jcSL
IL `_ae a`_ kBDW\m J JXh Dè cjmc_ ALcZ aY\m
]e] e_[s e ec_t `p_L Hk A^`[_e `[a ^ _
`B D` ake Le\m aaica]e am`_ ]e JXA jcS
`Z\e ILaw kBdB èa Ha [k km cjmc_ h JXh
b[e jkL jNk Leèa_ L JXhL Laf[ Leèa_ - Hk \m
ec_t `p_L* _e`Z NS`[ `[è] ]a* j aTB\m L,
be[e a]hN[ j jML cjmc_ be[ b[e be[e cf
ajt* jc\_ _`B\m La km jc_* `l H ]he H[ a`f
@qfe @^`[ ka jca kB _\ [*e k]a^ kB\m
L, kt ^ce akZa] `bae D`S\a àf a aice @[
kB jM^L jêZ cZi akZa]e `ìL eS^`[c_*
`[ a[k kB DW\m Ha dk[ cjmc_ ^ce a aic
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 152
_\m jk[ jc_ Hk _[_ ^c `[ ALi[ kD\m $fe

be[e cjmc_ ^camcc_* jM J `ba aYae mN\m Ha
jc[fe cjmc_ j__ hhf kae mN\m Hk ALf_ ec_t
`p_L* akZa]e è`x [re `N`B àrB\a j_[
Hk [r Dè Ne[ ]B j `[è] ]a* hctee h S ]a*
LcaSd_ @`]NXL b_ @_ LR am ka Dè _i^]h Se
`B S_]a c_ _aL èch ]B\m J jc[fe LcaSd_e
_L e^* `ba aw OVBaL D]c a Le\m [*e Hk D]c
j\L kB\m hQ[_* c^ce _]Ae LS jk LSA Le [L
èb[ Le\a baàZ b Q[_ H\`B [* _A jca_e jLe
aNk è ]h\m ec_t* We h S ]a àr[ e^L `c[r
NkZ Le [ke è`Qe `B j Hè HL Atf_ NY [f\m dk
\m akZa]S_[ S[a]ie Oe è`x [Z akZa]e
èìZLe JXA aac_*We [* [a aeê jM_ kaL
kB\m L ec_t `p_L* k[ NS`[ `[è]* ` jc\_
@S_ Leae JXA aac_ [* @VLBè _ \m
h Q[_ d[af h S ]a* N[L Aê Le e^L
`c[re ae OVB JXhe aaica] akZ aayL k_`b
Le]m, JXhe S_jêZ j\e H[ Dmj[ kB\m d, jc_*
jcSL jk[ DSX ]B\a akZa]e cke\ h*eQd [\ èe
[* `[[ cWe `\c ck `]`]* `[crNXL hSN_\* e[
jkj_e _Lm akeL $`X b= ]B\m `[ L]e_\ ck`[
OVZVL aac_* @jk[e èQL am ]hB \m c^ Hke
I[kjL j[[L Hkè ba èaiZ LeR - aa ckc_*
`bae e[jkj_e h h*e J `]`]* aNk ] @`je[ kB
`\c ]lZ Oe el[km è aac_ `[c]BVL b= ]m
(Me^ B[kj, `.288) h SN_\* aw èQL m` Le]a`B
lc[ afe af_ akZa]c_ L SO_ iXd Le\m [k
h*e J èe j `[ Le\a cWe `\c ck `]`]* ]B aNk
SN_\* e[ jkj_e jy[ kB `S `Bae d[L ja kH, h
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 153
S ]a* N[ `bae jhL[ aac_* _[[e JXA S[ ]e

jk DN J Dp ]B akZa]* `[crL $= b= ]AdB\a OVZ
h S ]a* aw èQL j[L `h[[ Le
Laf H[ L _ k , h S ]a* e ^L t L aw[r L
S_jêZ* cê `_ae `je[ Le\a k[ JXhe mL
hQ[_* awSN_\* @a[e am aQe\m h_ jk[ bie
h SN_\* OiZ aBm @Q[ [c hZ Ac aZ
LfdN awe` `Lha `Z
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Ac Lf `Z dH _]A ]è
Q[_ e` `Lh kBa dWe
@[Ha, JXA AMe dH SN_\ jH aw Ha Q[_ jk aw*e
HL e` a=f NaiLc_ c^ Hk L\L jLe LeR jc_*
c[e Q[_`x a jkSA aac_ _S jWL ba Lk _ è\m
c^ aw LcaSd_ k jc_* ]h_e Aê d\- "The Sahajias
would by no means confess that they were Buddhists, nor refer
to any Buddhist text which would make it easier to trace the doctrines to their genuine origin. In theories themselves and in their
practices, many Buddhist rites and views have left their indelible
marks...... The modern Sahajias themselves do not know that
they closely follow the Buddhist tenets, their ancestors concealed
the fact when they were admit ted to the Vaisnav order, while
following them still in their rituals; and at the present stage it is
the duty of a historian and scholar to thrash out the grains from
the chaff and find out the true Buddhist elements in their views
and practices".(D.C.Sen, Chaitanya and His Age, p.351) Lka
_S_ d Q[_ @S_ Le\a aw jL[ h S ]a* e^[re
@amc_e k cf\m
ml Leae L\, aa hve j abe dDc_ ab
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 154
jc_ aa akZa]c_ c^ ab L jc_ aa _k

akZa]c_ aw ae^ @\Q aah hQ[_* aw* @a[e
J [* @_N[c_* èl aw ba aQe LedH Db N d]
ab, `b] LDW ekm d, NVH akZa] km @_V aw?
`b] Laf NVH L\e [k km aa] akZa]c_
aaica], aac_ aaice ae^ JXAe HL YN @R;
ae S[ [e Nm , aa km ja Nm @\[ aac_ S[
c_ _k akZa]c_ S[b] j Le _Se j\el`B jcSL
IL DSX ]@ Ha akZ* ]a[ cd] ]B jkc_* jk k[
cfB hcSa cZiL h]hZe eM hiZ Qf aw Lc_aLe
akZa]L ae^ Le\m J Hk h]c_* aw Le\m j\`B
[* è aw^ce [= _cL kBè\a a \m HL] [*e
aeL \a D`f d L N` J ekf* jk aw* A]h NkZ Le [*e
@_Nc kB è\m @_ `cM @_Ncc_* cê \m Lar
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 155
j Leè\m Ha [~e akZa] j Le\a S[ah[r dk[

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aBh `kQ ` - 156
HL N`L lZ]k Nkf _èm dB88

[ke jc Le ê Oe AZm _S _e89
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 157
HL akZ lZ]k Nkf _èm dB76

x x x x x x x x x xx
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 158
NDX* c_ D`bN J akZ* c_ `]`S am

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aBh `kQ ` - 159
j èch ]D\m L _c aake ]e akZa]c_ `[e[

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aBh `kQ ` - 160
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aBh `kQ ` - 161
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aBh `kQ ` - 162
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 163
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 164
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aBh `kQ ` - 165
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 166
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 167
Laf _k, S ]a* @`] àuNXL Dè J [f Q` eMR

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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 168
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aBh `kQ ` - 169
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 170
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 171
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 172
b[e DZ kBR afj-Lf-L[kfc_* `B cê Lcf L

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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 173
ajL cO H l[e j` @`j=L j[e h S ]a cOc]e

hiL hLV eQ_ Le_k @s[ j`]Lc_ h S ]a*
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 174
_ mM 30V mM\, [a JXA S[ h SN_\* 22 `kQ èar

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XL ?
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 175
H km aw h awSN_\ H km JXA S[e jaW aX

cZi H km JXA S[e @_k[ cZi`ZAe jaW aX e`L H
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 176
QLe Ac aw I[ke Ha A]h`B Ac AN `[aw[e

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dke jkeLe jL[ [a è l` , `f è _L Lf
ckLf c[eh _ kB\a jcS ha è @alcM kB\aaf
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 177
c[e^Lee @NN[ OVm [k c=fcM kBDW, ha kBDW

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jk[ JXA S[e Li ai Hk ]_k Aec kB\H @lcW (@l
cW) jSX ]H LiLe S__ a S Ha [L jan j_e jk
ce cB, khfe Ih_LZe \a aXaXA*e [\ Nc]a[*
Aha] _B Qi amL dH Ha jWe c ajc[* `SLe
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 178
AecLe [e `\c LiLc Hk jcNLba c[e^Lee `[L[L

Ha `N[L HL à S__ a S, aXaXA, Nc]a[ J ajc[H* RX @l[[ `f_ kB èa _k LeZ L'Z? Dre @[
-JXA S[ cfL[ c[ `^_
c_a S__ [e j_L aqBeMa`B LiLc jLe\m
B[kj ja\ Hk j[ `[`][ LeR
JXhe d[ N @R j jaW WLe a ]@ _k, @R
WLeZ a Nc ]a[ LZj WLe* _c LiLtL _k, L
jaS_`S[ fl @_] a @_`Z ba `S[ HèL ]N kDR
hLce H ja HB\`B d, cZie Sa_ êZ`B dD @_ @èkd
(@_[ ba b[_-hc] bNa[ N[) [k LZj èi Aae Le _
\m, Le\m _e Hk j[ èV[ kBDW\m be[e A]c[c
ba N>_e, kee N>mM_e "Mohenjodaro and the Indus
Cvilization" (London,1931) Nxe J.Marshall Hke ah] aaeZ
]B mMR, "........a very remarkable oblong seal from the
Harappa-plate xxii,12-on which a nude female figure is depicted
upside down with legs apart and with a plant issuing from her
womb". (Ibid, i, 52) Hk Q[e ml Leae L\, c [fL J ]B NX
DèL $nLeeM\a SZ mLe S__t aV ]B D[
kBAjR HL hjNo a hj NR A]c cZie jkS @_b[e Hk
jkS è`Lh `cZ Le]H d, cZie S_ jc[ cZie èah Ha
[e Sa_ êZ `B dk ja AahL j jae cf D \m A]c
be[ ]e _ee SWe J S__t [ ]e c k \m S_][,
@_][; c k \m Lie jLr Ha jqeLr
"As grain-gathering was woman's business, agriculture
was probably a woman's invention, and in any case was woman's
work,at least till the invention of the ox-drawn hoe or plough, for
it was done with the hoe, a derivative of the old stone age diggng
stick which women used to grub for roots". (Bernal,J.D.-Science
in History, London,1954, 60-61)
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 179
be[e ckfc_ k `\c LiLc Aec Le\m J j[Le

jc[ _ ek jc_ HL Li `Zf c^ aLh[ Leè\m am Lk
be[e c[e^Le hiL Nxe eQL O.R.Ehrenfels : "Women here
not only invented systematic tilling of the soil, but also put this
into practice......" (Mother-Right in India, Hyderabad,1941: 8) [*
c[e, `\ae c[e^Le èae cf D kDR be[ "The
general geographical and also the archaeological situation
favours the theory that the world- cultures of mother-right originally emanated from India".(Ib.204) L be[e JXh kDR HLc[
eS dDW Li Lc Laf c[e^LeL j_ ]B Aec kH, [ _k,
Hk aw êe k èQf[ kH @l[[e awe` aXaXA*
As O_ Qiec kD\ak Hke jaL `cZ
Ne]a aw* S_y_ L`fhee @_[]ee \a aw[e
à_`W [ee _LVe Hè ]BV c ekR dk Ha a d`cba
a][ h S ]a* aw èQe am`LeZ`B akZa] QL
k[ Hk d`c ]BVL j `haf`B aake Le\m am jêZe
êZ j LekBR L HNXL `L[e Sc j_LVe @cL
_ce j`S[ aNk kDR aw[e @^[ ]a `]a[* aNk
[f Dè kB ek\a ]`Vf ah `] Dè Aj_ Hk ]a aNk*
ac k[e ekR HL `V[ `]` Ha ]lZ ke $fL[e Hè
LR dkL Ac`x am y_ mL aQe SN[ Lf_e `[L
je` HL j$Z j` Hk aNkDè èhb[ @_[]ee aw[e
@_[c h [e awB `VZ NeX `qZ aw[ l[e
keè ckk `W keè Ha jWe \a QDiW dN_ cte
Hkjae AecLe LZL J è jc[ jcN Lc`VL aw[e NOe
Hk aw abaL ^j Le]a`B akZa] Mf_Lc_ aka^
D]c LeR aw _S N[ LeZ k[ (A]n_cNr_) jd
e` `S `D\a LZL cteL jc_ b=R; [ke ]h_L D
^`]L ^c`] am ]hB c\ Lc] ]e mL* ab LeR;
jWe aw* cr DWB _BR; [k a]L jd]a* cte \m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 180
am cR`Qe LeR m=X aw`We hi _ejk ]a LZL

ctee jLr kB\a af [*e m=X \m a m=X è NV
M [* @e jaaf Tmek\a k[ [* m=f _ejk am
LkkD\m am c\ `Qe Le LZL ctee aw a_A]L _
LeaL Q LeR èe hctee SN_\ aw* ae eè[
LeR Ha @Sj L`fL[ Lc] jLe hcteL HL aa cte
ba D`y`[ Le QmR
aw [e h`[cNXL kt aNke eè[ LekBR
Lc`VLè @N[ NeX`qZ _LVe dc[ `]a[* @cLe
eè[ LedBR, jc[ ScL afc ba `Qe LedBR L
HkL afc ba _k, Sc ba `SLe H @qfe Qi `[ai
Aec LeAjR [e QiLd @l[[ [\e , WL aw* èae]e
@_j[ a c=f hfe S[Le _]_L\ [\ @__ aw jk[e
@R Lè aw* `[ hw]_ `[ai A_t Dmje jk a c=f a
ak_a`_ Aec Le\m je JXhe @l [[ [\e `Qf[
^_aZ èè j`Z[ aw_je HL èè ahMe TBce
cVe jkf Ljce ^_ak_ NSB NRkaL ` ]h ae ]_ mN
ahM `Zce aw S aw* S_]_L ^_NRe S_ aw* S_cV
JXhe jaW ah Lc jB\`B jkLfe aw Se ` 12
]_ ANe ahM h [[e ^_aZ Aec kB\H JXhe
aw[e [[ jMe Ne[ `l`Ve ^_ aZ `B ahM h
[[e Ne[ ah [`d`Z ml Leae L\ d, JXhe @l
[[e aZ Aec kD\a jkf Ljce ^_L Lfk a LfA ^_
LkdH Ha Hk ^_ _AMA a _AMBe mN aw* S__ c]a
Ha aw* S N` Db Lf Lfe L_ c[e^Lej`_ jcSe
jL[ HL èè_d aw _S ccT@ N`* aak Le\m
j[e aw* S__ J S Db \m LfA JXA S[ _S D`][
jkf Ljce ^_, dkL MB _AMA a _AMB `f_ Le, [L LfA
^_ am _c[ Le _S aw èQe èL ]MB AjR Hk
LfA ^_e ak_ j `LB\H @l [[e aw `]h[ Le\a
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 181
]ta] Hk @l [[e `_`[ kB\H LZjVe l _k

dk l è ]h [ke _k[ \H b_ HL @b]e br dc[ l
kD\a ^_ak_e @b] OV @*ee
a_h jr @a_he[e, hi jr aLhe, c[ jr Sa_e
@ahca j[[k aw àr[ `L[L ]ta] dk JXA S[ NkZ
Le_B\m [e Sa_]h ba j\`B ja a Ha Ha a
JXAc_*e @__, @[m J _ef cfL ah km jc_*
j jba jiQr[ Ac cf c_jL j-] \m jk[ Ac eS
AN aM[ \m [if eS ba Hk [iba aw* ]e ècS[
kB jQr[e ^c aw^cba aM[ kB\m Hk I[ke js_
jeZ Le\m Ac àèi @l [[e ^_ak_ aZ aZ aZ dD
ak_ l Le ]AdD\m [k \m jc_* `B @l [Z @l
[[ JXA S[`B LiLce A] à kB ek\a j= j= [
jcSL, j[L J ^cL jre `[L kB ekR Hk à c^ ekR
[e aw a_A]e jeL kB Hk ]_ h SN_\* e\d[`B e\
_cZ Lea Aec Le SN_\ d aw [k JXA S[ @m+_ ba
@ajeZ Le eMR
Lka _S_ d, h S ]a La S_ kB\m [k j
_S DmM Le _k c[ dk[ j aw àr[ `L[L ]ta]L
Ah Le Sa_ aLhe @lej è`Lh Le\m èar `Ye Lk
kH[ [* S_L @l[[ jk j`Lb[ LeR J HkL c_ AS Ac
@l [[e S ]a S_ Da `f_ LeR; d]J @l [[e
]h_L I[k è S ]a* ]h_[r c^ aè[`x* ]e Laf[
kBQmR
j dk kD_ LkL, Hk k j[ d JXA S[e S[ à
@l [[ cfL[ LibrL à Ha JXhe LiL jre `[L
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jceL d[`B e\_cZe Aec jk Ha S ]a dk[ aw
jk[ [* S_ jk JXA S[ @l [[L dXR
@[[e aw* j[e js_e J Ha èè Afe @s_e
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 182
@lcW @_Lf @l[[e k kDR

eS à
JXA S[e Sa_e èar ak[ à kDR eS aw ]h_
ahi[ [ke `N[L hM aSd_ J LcaSd_ a jkSd_e
_e`Z @_d hh `SS_e cf kDR _e j Boc j S__
[ [_e j kD\a k[ c_a hh kDR -[_S, [_S, [_, [_
a j_ B[] Laf cZi LkL, d[ SaS, alm[ ]e `X
j jae j J y[e br kDR bc a `\a bc `L[ Lk a
`\aj Lk, [k bc a `\ae S__ bcLe èQL @[Ha bc
a `\a aQL dk[ eSjf km k NbêZlc kB\H,
jk[ `Q_ JXA LiLe Q[_e `\a c^ eSjf ka jbaL
`\ae Hk eSjf y[e èL_e A]c JXA j Le\m eSà
dk S[b]e j` `\L HL jcSL ILe ][L kB Ha a
ekR H[af `\aL WL eSa[ _e è j` ahc ]AdH
LiLc Qm ajc[ j_ è; WL dc[ eSa[ _e j_ êZ`B
hwj_ è k NkZ Leè èiL
JXhe Hk cfL à y_[ kBR B[kj ale Hkè: "It
is now currently believed that at the time of the first burst of rain,
Mother Earth prepares herself for being fertilised by
menstruating.During that time there is an entire cessation from
all ploughing, sowing and other farm work". (Census of India,
1911, Vol.I, p.189)
j_d[
h SN_\* j_d[ WL Hk jce `X JXA* RX je
`\ae Hè L'Z LZj S[ @R dke Qe, [fZe, Qe[e,
dke ]_t_ Lde, jaLf_ AQeZe, dke aN[ Sa_e,
jckL Dae, dke h_e, j`_e, SNeZe, AmLe, @ue,
jMe, ]Me, jk[e, j=[e, _[e, dwe, àe, àZe,
jS_e, ]h_e-ja\e SN_\ è Lk A`Ze S_ \a, dk a_
LR a kBè_\a? dkL `\c _cZ Lm dB Aec kBè\a
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 183
Sa_e hb Ld, dke Lf kB\a Sa_e hi @bfi- Hc[

`S_ L'Z @_ LZj S[e LZj ]@ La kB\a? aak ka,
[ `ML `\c _cZ `W@ j_ S_ km, HLBh ka, [L
`\c XL- Hc[ L'Z A`Ze S_ kBè @_ LD S[e Sa_e
LD WLe? Sa_ jeNm, hi ahc AahL; MS [e Lf, MS
[e jN]e-@qf jk kD Sa_e hi WLZ-Hc[ L'Z @je
A`Ze`ZA @_ LZj S[ LZj `S`We La a `B\H? Hc[
j`L J Hc[ j`L `B aLf[ cZi AD [ cA b[ek ek\H
[Z SN_\ [ A]c JXA Q[_e cAVH cAVH [c [L èi
Lk, èirc Lk, akWLe am d[ QLe LeR Le, j [ cAVH
cAVH cA b_ AD LR _k
c' `\ a SN[ A]aj bie SN (X aZcâ `Y)
cAe _ a \_L Ah Le aq\H j_ [Z SNe \_ a \ kDR
A]c JXAe Sa_e Aê HL[ Hk SN-\ LfLc SN-\
SN-\ kB SN_\ kB\a jca LeZ SN_\* b_ _c c]f
LuWe _[c `d _ee NL LkdH c]f èie NL LkdH
c]f SN_\ c]f _k, c]f j\`B [* ]_mè _c
c]f`& @[Ha j HL _ee N QL AM am dkL Lk kDR
[k jk c]fe R[e \a ]B [ _e e`L _N k LfXf
_e [ k ^fXf dk[ _Vf _ jk[ arf Hk _L
Ah Le cZi aqR j\`B A]c JXA [L LkR SN-\, SN-\,
SN_\ SN_\ [e cA (]_L jc]e 23.3.1996e Lc_e
`Lh[ ce AmQ_ - hcte J h cte)
dDc_ JXAe c[`^_ èèL b= èi`^_ afare
LeaL iXd LeR jc_ LkR [ [ `c_j [c ,
[\` a [c èi dH j k èi am Lk SN_\* c]fe
ce] LeaL, ce]e èirc LeaL ak Q LeR Ha Hk
iXdL j\L LeaL `BR HLR[a] hjLe jc\_
[\` JXA [L cA Lek eMR `[]_ [L jSBQmR cA
e` `[]_ `S àe [* cA e` jSB, cA e` ]M k `S
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 184
LedH hcte `hj_ ][e \B SN_\* _[LL `[l ml

Le\a h eSt Lce ck* bie, h SN_\* `S àe ce
JYZ ]a j= j= @f[ J _Le _LAj ùBa è dB
`SLc @ec LedH ([ hecZ hSN_\, `.67)
@[Ha akZa]c_ SN_\* èirc am d[ QLe
Le _ LkL, _] JXAe AMe SN_\ [e cA j [e c[`^_
Sa_hfe e`L j\`B LiSa JXA SN_\* QfZe M&R
JXA Oee, JXA LiLe èè _ee F[ja _c[ ka è
`\a kH _c[ eSjf J jc[fe hSN_\
ja F[ hie _e Nba[ kH_; aa^_ aekB`X
j\`B L[ L[ ai è SN_\* Nbe \`[ kH _A Sa_
_a Lfae [e `[L c[ ck`j] am d[ ê `V kD _
LkL, [* `j] kDR cA `j] cA [e LZj j_ `Me
b]ba ]M_ j\`B SN_\* `Me S[b], j`rb] _k
cAe èh Dè ja `m* jc_ @^Le j\`B [* `j] Dè
akZe dè @^Le Qfe a jè jkc, `cc c SN_\
aw[e ckj WLeZ bea QLe Aj_ A] JXAZ Hk
QLe dH `hm [e ][ S_ kBNm, j ]S kBNm kX `hm
]S, akZ `hm a ]S
àr bea QL ja a ]S[
_ar beaQL ja a `\L `\L (LfZa [)
acfbea d[ SN_\ bea am Lk SN_\* èiba
]MBaL D]c kB\m c^ j k bea ck* bie hSN_\
`\c [e _L ckh ba `S `D\m([hecZ hSN_\,
`Lh 2002, `.266) [e _L Hk ckh SN_\* A]c JXA
[e cA bak _BR j\`B SN_\* Sa_e jk jc OVZ
OV dk OV\H NVH cAe Sa_e a cAkaL jlc OedN
L_e Sa_e j_d[ Hkè HL OVZ
Hk LiL HL JXA LiL Oe T@ OedN km dD
ja aâ^_ `f_ kH j jc AleL[ `f[ kB\H SN_\*
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 185
j_d[ Lfe JXA LiL Oe T@ d[af OedN kH, be,

Lkf J Ym aSB [k SZB]AdH je NcL T@L @Z[WA
`Ze kf] B[] __ jyLe D`]_ chB [ke j_ LeB HL
@ZAXA Oe _Lq_e eMdH F[QL hie hwj_ LeB _ada_
at`_ kH Oee _Sj J _LV j`_ j]jc_ T@L atZ Le
J D`ke Aha] ]@ j=j\c_ \p Vè a Le [è
Qm aeMS c[`^_ jcSe T@ _S _S _Se aeMS Ha
a L[L A]aj jcSe dH [L Oq_Bè j kH [ke
SN_\*e WL [kk kH j_d[ ]_ @Z[WA `Z Aj
dD L@e Lk La `Z _@ _k jk j_ L@e j\e jai^
`LB jB `Ze j_ je j dA @Zje OeL jWe _Lq_
Lf @[ak[ Le jea è _ada_ ]h_ Aec kH e\d[
e\d[
A]aj _e è Nbe VkA _B , _\, _LQZ B[]
__ _e jmb NkZe j[ SN_\ ake `X NSNc_ è km
km d [* _S AXL VZ _H j [*e [* _S AXL VZ _a`B,
Oq _a`B L d `Z`r `[dN[!
@__ JXA S[e Hk @[f_ Da, @__
L Hk @__ Dae j Li LkL e Hke `cZ km e\d[e
XkL am d_~`L hvafe ]ae J Dnp DneZ XkL
Le je aX]e be]H D_]_ Ha [f [f aY aY dH
SN_\* Oq_ae D~c[
a[ d_ D`bNe XLe kDR XkL XL dDc_
SN_\* a am NkZ LeaL a^ kBR jc_ Hk XkL N[L
@hf am Lk HkL e\d[e Do] LeaL ]a LeR XkL XL
DWB]a SN_\ Q[_e cfL I[kL DSX ]a jk jc_
d[ D~h ` `B akZa] QL
c[ lc[e \a ac_ Ha akZa]L jk Le\a a
jkdN `]_ Le\a ac_ ja jce SN_\ I[kL ^j LeaL
Q Le AjR jc_ @[[e @b_a N[Nat `N Le
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 186
]ha[e [e aw* a] Le j yfe hL* e`[ LeaL dD

@`]c Le\m [k àe AmQ[ kBjeR j^_ be[e
NZc^c ahiLe eXJ Ha Vmb S _ ]e e\d[e êakL `jeZe
jdN _B jc_ SN_\* a am Hè `Qe LeèR d, Ha
[~e jêZ S_ c_jL ab Leè\a k[ jc_* ak` Hè
aYdBR d SN_\* aw am Lk\a a* h a^_ LeaL
OiZ Lea a jc_* jkS c_ kBR Hè eZOie `[a]e
c d[af SN_\ Lè j aw [ke `cZL aaeZ NZc^ce
eM\m (ê[, 22 cB 2003), S_NZ* ab LeaL HL _A Lhf
Aec Le\m akZa]
c aY\a `cZL M_ LeaL Lk jc\ kB _ \m c[
@^`L Ne Lce ak a]e è ]Dfe [cr* _c @R - HL
ajLe Aa[, dkL @_ju_ j`l hiL HL AmQ_ eM SN_\
FN a]e y_[ kB\a k[ aw* d\ àe èe `S `D\m
am d aY\m `\c B[kj `Ya DQ[ _k am HL c[ Dwe
Le SN_\* a]L ]a[ b_ @_ ba ba\a ac_ ]h]k
AQeZ LeaL A] `ROq ]a_k Ljce a am Al` Lea
è ak aX j[L[e jk _S `Qe Aec Le\m Hk àue [*
_S bie j L'Z Lk\m ]MdD:
Ha ]_ kW[ NVH Nxe ]MaL `Bm d, FN a]e
LZj HL @he èe SN_\, afb] J jb]* L\ mM @R NxV
kDR j[ bi mM[ HL ahf AmQ_ Nx ccB jkee 1916
Mve Hk `Lh[ kB\m H\e Lk kBR d, jaM[ Nx
hc] bNa[ ckèZe `\c hLe èirc l[e [_cr (SN_\,
afb] J jb]) * _c @R Hk `Y `Y c[ mNm, c a^kH
dk`Ym, [k H Nxe mM _k kH[ `L[e dk mM @R, [k
c bm ba `Y]BR [Z jk c][ @hVL \e \e Le `q / j[
\e `YNm c c_e aje jc ekm _k c SZae ASe
JXhe a]L jk[ e @aNk LZj àZ `[ _k [Z aeZj,
D_, ckhee L[SZ `[* `Qe ce jtk ]e Lea am
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 187
ye Lmjk Nxe mM kBR-[\ Q FNa] K[LcZ `LeZd[ ]a SN_ \ ]l Z j ck ]^ afb ] j b ] Q

[[cc[L^[c` [_ h[c] l[c[[ `] jc H\e
LkdBR d, (FNa] K`LcZ `LeZ @_je) ]lZ ck]^
[ee SN_\, jb] J afb] ekR jWe c[ @c[ Le]@
Hk DmM ajLe a^ kD@R Hke NaiZ @[ AahL
H`d JXhe a be[e LZj `[ Hk Dw[ j`Le LR Lk
_k Lc a^kH SZ _k"(jcS, 31 c 2003)
arc_ ak* mMe Hk Dwrh Dè ] ]a j kW[
NVH Nxe Hk ]MaL `B\m NxVe _c L'Z [k j SZB
_k LeZ [k [* SZ _k H\e LAX FNa]e LZj HL
@he èe SN_\, afb] J jb]* L\ mM @R FN a]e LD
@he Hk mM @R? HL\ c^ jk _ck_ NxV SZB_k ak a
SZaL Qk _k @\Q j Hk _ck_ NxVL ]MaL `B\m
am mMR Hè kW[ LDW ]Mm? LZj `WNee ]Mm L
LZj au* Oe? Ha L'Z MSaL dB? [ c^ ak Lk_k
NxVe _c _k, j LDW J LD èy[e [k ]Mm [k SZ _k,
FNa]e LD @he Hk mM@R [k c^ NxV SZB_k [ jr
Hk LAX LkR d bNa[ ckèZe `\c hLe Hk j_k[! c[
bNa[ ckèZe `\c hLe Hk _k ak [ _S LkR d
JXhe a be[e LZj `[ H`d Hk SZ _k
[a Hè HL @jc\[ j[L Dwe Le, [kL ajLe Aa[
am Lk, FNa]e LD @he Hk @R j j`Le _S LR _ SZ,
SZaL Q _ Le, dD Nx Hk ajLe `Qe $*@R [ke _c L'Z
[k _ SZB, ak Hk dD a_ eMR [k d JXhe S_jêZ*
Qle SN_\* aw èQL @`je[ Lea`B HL _[_ J dS_aw
@`Lhf Hk Hk @`Lhf ]e JXhe jêZ mL ab
ka jbaL h SN_\ j aw am c eM\a `cZNXL `hf
Le`LBa D~he Hk @`Lhfe D]ba_ J `N kB\a
Lk dBèa LeZ ak * mM `Y eO_ \ `p_L _cL SZ j^_[
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 188
jNc ab kB\a SZ `XR

h `p_L mMR, Ha _Mf be[ A]aj keS_ ckj+
è cte aw`W \m am Lkae [* Dè ha^_ LeaL kt
cfa]c_ Lka e b.Ae.32, _V-6, ba_hee jbi Qt `p_L
ak d ]MB dH aw jH SN_\ am NZc^ce mMc_ `Lh
LeR x x x x x x x x Ha @aje` `$je Ne Lce ak*
]e N[ cB 31 [eM jcSe 5c è `Lh[ a]e è ]Dfe
[cr* _c @R jc]e DmM @R x x x x x x x jaM[ Nx hc]
bNa[ ckèZe `\c hLe èirc l[e [_ cr (hSN_\,
afb], jb])* _c ekR x x x x x x x x x FLa] kthe ja
è[_ a] x x x x x x x x [kkm SN_\, afb], jb] QedNe
WLe H]Ne AD @_ d @_ahL (`dalL, SmB 9, 2003)
H\e ]MdDR, NZc^ce D`dN Le @_L `ba[
Leè\a SZ j^_[ jNc c^ ak* mM ]e ab kB`XR
J ak* `[a]_e LZj NkZdN `cZ _\m c^ SN_\*
FNa]e ]a[ am c_ _B [*e awjrL j` `[M_
LeR d] eO_\ `p_L* è SZ j^_[ jNc ak* a_
]e ab [a JXhe @_L c^ ab kB\a jbaL @\Q
ak* a_ HL brk_ a_ @_L ab Lea`B SZhZ
judB\a HL a_
SN_\ FNa]e ]a[ am jk a]e LDW mM @R
[k ak* SZ _k dD ake j Hk ]M\m am LkR j
ake _c a [* SZ _k bNa[ ckèZe `\c hLe Hk a[
kB\a dk j LkR [k [ke _k Ha [k \a L\ [*e
bie be[e Lk SZ _k @\Q Hè HL @cfL J @bjuj`_
mM]e, dke D`LcZLe B[kj @^_ @_Q[ am jQ_ j
]BR, SN_\* aw èQe am`_ `B j D]c LeR J [k
L[Lhe $fa[ c^ kBR
B[kj Dè ak*e LkL H[ eN?
eN HB\`B d HL jrk_, _ck_ NxL @ Le SN_\*
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 189
j`Le j dD ab-aZ ceaL aN, [* SZ, B[kj [kL

jc\_ Lea _k B[kje _weZ km , `qc-i h[v `d hfmM
`cZ ]e èe SN_\ `S `D\ae LZj `cZ _k(h SN_\
[r, X N`_\ ck`[, 1989, `.230) H.V.Stietencron ]hBR
]hc h[v Aec `d JXhe jc]Lfe èirc l[ a èirc
cte \ae LZj `cZ _k ("The entire early period of 600
years from the 4th century to the beginning of the 10th century
A.D., x x x x x has as yet not yielded inscriptional references in
any part of Orissa or Kalinga containing the slightest hint of the
existence of a Purusottama-kshetra or of a Purusottama temple
on the sea shore".) (j[: keke L__N, aar_êe hSN_\,
`.227-28) [a SN_\ j`d LDW \m? Hke Dre MS
L__N `[ _fL ]j* `Me `kqR J [* Dwe Le LkR,
s_jw Nxe `Z[ Btb[* eS D_e LZj HL y_e haec_
_cLWe _c[ SN_\* aNkL _Se Le `S D`j_ Le\m [*
_ km Btb[* jce SN_\ haec_* ]e LZj HL
awakee `S `D\m (Hd, `.286) Hkk d[af B[kje
_, FNa]e _c _B è jc] Lfe SN_\e` a jk jce
`S `BAjR am ak dD êZ j LeaL D]c LeR [k
akZa]c_* èZ @bj @_e` Ha []b_ @_ LR _k
Hk `l`Ve `_ LkdBè d, SN_\* awe ae
eè[ LeaL akZa]c_ aeae Q QfBR J jk Qe
HL `de SN_\* e\d[e XkL am DWB ]aL iXd kBR,
LeZ XkL Li-LkL jc[ c\_[re D]OiL Hk iXd SN_\
I[k aewe iXd
c\_[re d[ e\d[
`\ce LkkBR d, SN_\ Li LkLe e`L Li [ cAe
Aae, cAe jS_ j\`B LiF[ AjNm JXA LiL jeZ Le
[ S[e cA SN_\* cAe jS_hL cAe jS_kL eSj_e
@ZjeOee ahc Ha _ada_ ]h_ è j[ dc[ jS_Lc_e
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 190
è`r`B ake `X SN_\ cZie cfL Aec kH e\d[

aw[ a D_ [ @_je Hk e\e j e\_cZ `wr LkD_ èQL ckè Lc][
e\ Ld[ jd[ ]]hQLa[
iXh cd_ `qRtL[Qe[
c^ L-m]hq ja[i N`[c
`Q_ JXh a D_e eS Btb[ aSd_ y`_ ]e
aw[e Hè Aec OVB\m d, aw[ D_ [ bak Nk[
kB\m Hk [_je SN_\* e\e j Hk e\e ]]h QL,
iXh c, `qRte jcke Hk ja jM j*[L
hee b] [r @_je cZie k] kDR ]]h `MX ah
HL QL dk Dè Sa jr a]c_ Hke @_k[ jL[ a @NN[k
Sa_ elLe
[_ _fAe ew @_k[ Ne `XR ae `MX
SN_\ e\e @_k[ @NN[`B Hk k[ ]]h a ae QLe
dS_ Sa_ QLe Hk @NN[ jS_Lc_ ]e è` jS_Lc_
LcLf ]e è`r LcLf iXh a^ jk[ SN_\ ikf Lfe
]a[ Hk if LcLfe `[L ba [* ctee ifV c\_ Q[
dè M][ kB ekR, [* c\_[rOi e\e ikfV ce aay
jc[ kBR
`qcLe a^_e èc è`Lh c\_e c] cj [\ c
c] c\_caQ `q[rc] ]a _aZ ck[a(Lam [)
j[e c\_cM `q[re `[L ba `qRt èN$[ kBDWR D_
[ Hk e\ NW_e Hk [L e\e QY c\_Lc SN_\ aX]e
XL ]@, dH Oq _BèR, _@ dH Oq _Bèa, c [e c [e
Hk XLe XkL XLe jt`[ kB\H jL kB\H j\L kB\H
LiSa JXA SN DW\H ckcf_e _he, SNDW\H jS_e hLee,
SNDW\H Lil[e @*ece [f [f
c\_[r J Li LkL
c\_ èc[r jy[LeZc am _[ kBR j, y[
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 191
Ha [e @ - ja _be Le c\_ Dè @_cf H SN[ am

ahj Le\a JXA LiLe AMe jk[ Li jk c\_ SX[ kB
ekR L c\_e Hk jcSL J jk[L jL[ AjR LDW? Hk
AjR A]c S_S[e c_eSe Li be]B\a LkLe
`\a eSjf kH ai c^ce mbLe c\_ m kD a
m=f, [ @=e `h aS a`_ Le @*e D[ kH $f `j[ kH
c[ [_ jkè j_ `ja Le [Z Li LkL dXR Li jk
c\_L A]c S_S[e @_b[`j[ Hk _ j$f c\_ jk j$f
LiL dXR c\_ àm jk dXR [Z Lie àf j$f[L
j\`B Lie àf j$f[ Lc_ Le\a LiL c\_e àf[ Dè
Ne[ ]BR JXhe LiL S_S[ b - dDc_ bc Dè Ne[
]D\a k[ jè ba _c[ - LiF[ AjNm, ajWe ai `d
Hk jcN Lfe Lè kBDW\m c\_cr [e HL Q[ B[kje
Hkè màw kBR -"All respect for blood-relations and husbands is set at naught" (Calcutta Review, ciii, 188)
h SN_\* jk _Nc_* j`L jaS_ a][ `[ai
e\d[e _Nc_* ANc_ OV\H èL Ha SN_\* ]h_ `B
jc_*e \H HL j[ Hk LkL [k @_L* SZ _k Hk
_Nc_ e=cVA _N am `m]_ Ac hZR aw* S_qfe
ba_heL mN e=cVA am NVH Ha a @R Qeh Ne
jwQdc_* è Hc_ _ \m aSd_ aw @[[e Hc_
\m j[ ]eA è aè Le\a Lf=e jâ j`] X @c
Lce ck [e_\ J HSec* Dwe Le mMR, The Tibetan
author states that the Nagas (Spirit of the Sea) stole away the
jewels of Asoka........Eggermont identifies the Nagas with the
sea-faring people of Kalinga. (State and Government in Ancient
Orissa, p.85) jca[ jcahc_* ]e awk__ af Hc_
JXh RX QmdBR, L aSd_e aw ba h SN_\ Ha a Hc_*
jcSL @aQ[_e @R [Z Hc_ SN_\* e\d[ J _aLfaeL
_ Aj J HL j[ `de b ba èNk[ k@ @ZJXAc_*
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 192
Le Hc_ eNc _N Hc_* jcSL Sa_e Ha a jkSA

LiLkL `[$f[
S.`.cmj mMR, eNc _N* b[e ahar`B àf
a[ \H @\ D`S_`B ]k aake A] _\H c[ LiF[
AjNm jc_* b[e d_jRt ]M]H @[^L c]`_
k[ Hk f_ OV am L[L @ah Lk c[ Hkk jca[ j[
d, Lil[ @^L $f] ka am ahj Le jc_ c\_Le
aRaQe eM _k ("Both among the Eastern and Western
Rengmas [a Naga tribe] the vice of prostitution for gain is absolutely unknown; but x x x x x x x x laxity is at its height during the
season of sowing. The reason given is that more liquor is drunk
then but it is more probably true that there is an almost unconscious belief that the union of sexes will in someway make the
fields fertile".[J.P.Mills, The Rengma Nagas, p.43] ) @[Ha, Hc_*
d_Qe Lcu[`j[ _k, ]h_`Q][H ]h_ j_[ jkSd_
cmj AcL @_ HL _N j`]e b_ HL jcSL d_
Q[_e L\ LkR dk LiF[ jk j` Lil[L dD\a aVe
Hk _Nc_ L]@ jkde S__t [Ae Le [k Dè
d_Lh ba hMm Oi e`ZLe [k b[e m=e` HL LM
brLe eM\ Lil[L da Aja Lmaf daL J da[ _N
c_ jk y_e e k@ J jc_* cê SZ daL _L
Qfa hfe Hk L]e jqf_ Le dke j` cS _@ jca[
daL J da[c_ ("Zemi villagers of the Pelekima group make
by a path they clear at this time a model of sexual organs in
coition. The female organ is exactly modelled in clay, with dry
grass representing the pubic hair, while a wooden stake serves
for the male organ. Parties of young men and girls going to and
from the fields stop by the models while one of the youngmen
works the stake in an appropriate way, to the great amusement
of the rest of the party".Ibid, 83n)
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 193
dD ajF[e `l`Ve h S ]a eQR [* mf[ `]af

jk aj F[e LiLjcSe dD c\_cr[ `Lh `H, W.Crooke
* VZ @_je [k cZi, `h J hhl[e D`]Lhawe èL_e
`j[ "The most licentious debauchery and disorder" ba ke
àL ]hB j HkL "regular Saturnalia of India" am AM ]BR
(Religion and Folklore of Northern India, Oxford, 1926)
Li-LkL
e D]OiL: XkL
c[`^_e ck l[ Ajce, dke c[-cM cke jc\e

è hctee cke _dNe j[`[, dke [^[ Lcl* _Sj
`W _fQf h SN_\* _fQf _aj L\e jcj[, jk Ajce
_ec_ LiLf AjNm d_Le _j*Q `cr kBDW
(I.Buttler, Travels and Adventures in the Provinces of Assam,
p.226) L Laf c\_L ]e jS_he _jNL[ `[ jqf[
kH _k Hke ` jL[`B d_~`L aQ_Le a AahL[
`X\H am LkR aM[ jcS[ra[ a$mV (The operation of
the devine generative power which brings about the fertility of
nature, of animals, of women, is believed to be stimulated not
only by sexual intercourse, but also by any act or speech of a
lascivious and sensual character: R.Briffault, The Mothers, 2nd
edition, 1952,iii, 204) @[Ha hSN_\* j_d[ J e\d[ dè
JXA S[e Li Q[_ jk jh, e\ Dèe XkL am a WL jkè
LiLkL `ba[ SN_\ Q[_e J [[jh c\_[re jcSL jL[e
Hk HL ] D]OiZ dDc_ XkL amL DWB]aDè Ne[
]BR jc_ S_jêZ*We SN_\* `L[ èQL ja]_`B
]eB eMaL iXd LeR
c\_[re e`L c]f
Dè AmQ_ SN_\* dD `L[ èQ j LeR [k
LiLkL jk [* j`[ j`Lb[ LeR cA Lie Aae Le\a,
c[ [_e j_ D`_ kD\a, c `\ ]ke hj D`_ kD\a, c[
[_e c\_L ]e bZ jqe OV\a, cO jk c\_ k[ c `\
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 194
$fa[ kD\a, Ha aje ANc_ è $fa[ ka `B `\

c\_cM kD\a - H ja ch be ]BR JXA c_e LiLkLe
QcLe[ Ha Hk LiLkLe e`L ba A]c JXA L_ LeR
SN (ah`L[) Ha SN\ (\ a \_ j`_ ah `L[)e e` - SN_\
d] SN_\ Hkk, [a j aw km Lè? LkL Ac [* aw am
LkR?
B[kj Hk `he jM_ La kBR L _ [k AcL SZ_k
B[kj _SL _S Hk `h La LeR L _ [k a AcL SZ _k
Ac L Hk `h Dè Ne[ ]a Ha Hke Dre MSa LeZ
Hke $fe AmLL Aja JXA B[kje HL @]M @^ Ha
H\`B Ac aw* `ML da
c[e` c]f aw Lè km
aw \m je be[e ahi[ JXh cVe `\c aà d L
^c jcSa]e N[e^ Lea `B A]c @âjc_*e j+
ILa] `[ Le\m j \m `\c eS_[ ahe] d L `L[L
]ta]e D`dN Le\m jcSL hiZe cf`V_`B
A]c @âj a A]c S_S[NXLe j\ el`B je Sa_
j a Le]B\m jc_* a]L jcSa]e @[Qe Lafe
el Lea `B _S èae J jje [N Le JXhe D`Lf @qfe
kcfe `]]h `d dB A]aj S_S[NXL j+b Le\m Ha
akZa] Lafe jc_* jel `B akZa]e cfê Che* @[L
`[M_ Le\m j \m A]c @âje jah elLr
j jcSas_e HL aàL ê àr_ Le\m jcN
Sa_Lf j a[B ]B\m jcSa]e aewe
Dreb e[e j[af èa c_ a]L jcSa]L `[ e^
Lea`B j [Lf_ JXhe jk bML dB\m cNê eS^_
eSNkWe jcV acje* _Se èQ `]_ Le ^_ ^_ j`_
[ife ^DfNe `Me [*e S_ am aw _S jQBR:DS S_`] eS kcajj `jj[
^_ ae_ j`_ [ifj _L[_ -The Real Birthplace of
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 195
Buddha: Chkradhara Mohapatra, Cuttack, 1977, p.63 @[Ha,

JXhe ^DfNe jcè Dre be[e cN^L dB jWe jêZ cZi
_Se IL afe a]L jcSa] Lafe Lè _S _S NZeS NXL
elLeèa [k `B j `[l `]l` _B\m
ckè_z_jre Ac Hke `d `cZ `D A]c
NZeSNXL j`le WA _ ka `B [* @_e^ LeaL jcV
@S[hr* akZ c ajjLe jcV* `le aw* `ML Aj\m
N= @aakL Ha kcf `]]har S_S[ jck ILawkB HL
jcM NY\m dk a NZjc] e` a][ \m ALcZ Le
[kL _S @AeL AZa \m jcV* ml
@S[hr lc[ `B _S `[ acje* atLe @_kee eM
k[ Le\m aw* jk acje jM y`_ Le\m Ha aw* jjNe
Aj jcS aee m jLQ[ Le\m Ha aw* [\ [*
@_Ncc_* [* eSe d\Q[ j_ ]B aNZ jk ju y`_
Le\m
lc[m @S[hr H\e àf @j kB acje* at
a_B\m Ha @_kee ceaL a^ Le\m Hè k_ Qe[j`_
DnLPl a* `l a è NZeSNXL jk Lea @jca \m
L jc_ aw* Ahe \a k[ Ha aw S_jêZ* k]e
@^he kBje\a k[ jc_* _S @^_L AZaLdB aw* l
LeBa @S[hr* `l jkS _ \m [Z akZa] c ajjLe*
`WB aNZ jc]* jkd _ Lea`B j aw* àrB\m
aw [k`[ bl` _ Le Lè jk NZ jc] `[ _Se jc\_ @[V
eM\m [ke HL `cZL [\ ck è_z_ jre AcL `]_ LeR
T.W.R. Rhys Davids dke `Z ALf_ `B [* Dialogues of the
Buddha-London(1910)Vol-ii(78-80) e _cw[ jkL ka Hk
Hkè :
The Exalted One was once dwelling in Rajagaha, on the
hill called the Vulture's Peak. Now at that time Ajatasattu, the
son of the queen-concort of the Videha clan, the king of Magadha,
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 196
had made up his mind to attack the Vajjians; and he said to himself 'I will strike at these Vajjians, mighty and powerful though
they be, I will root out these Vajjians, I will destroy these Vajjians,
I will bring these Vajjians to utter ruin.' So he spoke to the
Brahmana Vassakara, Prime Minister of Magadha, and said:
'Come now Brahmana, do you go to the Exalted One and bow
down in adoration at his feet on my behalf, and enquire in my
name whether he is free from illness and suffering, and in the
enjoyment of ease and comfort and vigorous health. Then tell
him that Ajatasattu, son of the Videhi, the king of Magadha, in
his eagerness to attack the Vijjians, has resolved,"I will strike at
these Vijjians, mighty and powerful though they be, I will root out
these Vajjians, I will destroy these Vajjians, I will bring these
Vajjians to utter ruin"; and bear carefully in mind whatever the
Exalted One may predict and repeat it to me. For the Buddha
speaks nothing untrue.' Then the Brahmana Bassakara, the rainmaker, harkened to the words of the king, saying, 'Be it as you
say.' And, ordering a number of state carriages to be made ready,
he mounted one of them, left Rajagaha with his train, and went
to the Vulture's Pick, riding as far as the ground was passable
for carriages and then alighting and proceeding on foot to the
place where the Exalted one was. On arriving there
he
exchanged with the Exalted One the greetings and compliments
of politeness and courtesy, sat down respectfully by his side (and
then delivered to him the message even as the king had commanded).
Now at that time the venerable Ananda was standing
behind the Exalted One, and fanning him. And the Blessed One
said to him: 'Have you heard, Ananda, that the Vajjians foregather often and frequent the public meetings of their clan?'
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 197
'Lord, so I have heard', replied he.

'So long Ananda', rejoined the Blessed One, 'as the
Vajjians foregather thus often, and frequent the public meetings
of their clan; so long may they be expected not to decline, but to
prosper.'
(And in like manner questioning Ananda, and receiving
a similar reply, the Exalted One declared as follows the other
conditions which would ensure the welfare of the Vajjian confederacy.)
'So long, Ananda, as the Vajjians meet together in concord and rise in concord, and carry out their undertakings in
concord,- so long as they enact nothing not already established,
abrogate nothing that has already been enacted and act in accordance with the ancient institution of the Vajjians, as established in the former days - so long as they honour and esteem
and revere and support the Vajjian elders, and hold it to a point
of duty to hearken to their words,- so long as no women or girls
belonging to their clans are detained among them by force or
abduction - so long as they honour and esteem and revere and
support the Vajjian shrines (cetiyani) in town or country, and
allow not the proper offerings and rites, as formormly given and
performed, to fall into desuetude - so long as the rightful protection, defence, and support shall be fully provided for the Arahants
among them, so that Arahants from a distance may enter the
realm, and the Arahants therein may live at ease - so long may
the Vajjians be expected not to decline, but to prosper.'
aw* We Hè Dre `B @S[hr* akZ c ajjLe
SZNm d, c[e^LebrL jk NZjc]`Me aw* `[l jc\_
@`je[ ka @jca aw* c_ SZa`B @S[hr _SL c[`^_
c_\a aba [* `Me D`y`[ LeBaL ajjLe* Lk\m
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 198
jk D~he j _S èQ acje* `[ ba _ eM c[ a]k*

`[ba eMB\m c[ aw dk[ Hk akZa] @bju aTè\m,
jk[ ajjLe* `[ bl` _ Le `S A_t* jk Af` Afe
@S[hr* àL `[M_ Le ]B\m ck è_z_ jre AcL
D`m kD\a ajjLe* `[L ah [`d` aw* `Me
a$fc_e\ kB $eaaf j Lk\m, `[l dwe d]
NZeSNXLe am`_ jca _ kH, [a LVaw `NLe, jc_*
HL[ ^j Le cN^ jcS _ _S @bfi Qe[\ Lea Rhys
Davids HkL Hkè ba D`y`[ LeR: 'We may expect then',
answered the Brahmana, 'the welfare and not the decline of the
Vajjians when they are possessed of any one of these conditions of welfare, how much more so when they are possessed of
all the seven. So, Gotama,the Vajjians cannot be overcome by
the king of Magadha; that is not in battle, without deplomacy or
breaking up their alliance. And now, Gotama, we must go; we
are busy and have much to do.' (ibid,pp. 80-1)
L aw* Sa[aye NZ jc] Dè aSmb LeaL
@S[hr jc\ kBè_\a LR Lc Ne[` _k Mà 483e
aw* _aZ OV\maf aNZ jc] Dè cN^ jcSe `\c
ALcZ Mà 485e OV @S[hr* 10 SZ b[ c[cMe `X\m;
M.`. 481-480e ][ J hi dw jOV[ kB\m L Hk
jcee aNZ @N[ A]c @]ajc_* NZjONXL j`Z èb[
Lea @S[hr* `l jca kB_\m cN^ jc `he, _`fe,
Hk jO @N[ moa S_S[e Lr[ `[ J Hk S_S[e A^`[j`_
Lce ]a* jk QtN-1* aak j`_ kB\a Hke DL `cZ
(A.L.Basham: History and Doctrines of Ajivikas, London,1951,
74-75) @è`l B[kj Hke jl d, `[l jcee S_S[NXL
jke LeaL @S[hr bejè_\m AahL QZe aZ_ @_d,
aw* @_Ncc_* cê Lfaf _cL SZ hcZ* SZ jte
ah ]e ahb[ LeB [* c^ce @S[hr aNZc_* cê
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 199
A]h `[ `[aw[e @al OVB\m, d~e L èar Lfe jc_

[* ALcZe `[e^ Leè_\m awOi* jc=f afj_ c^
aNZ `[_e Hkè HL LeZ ]hBR H[]_d, ^r akZ
ajjLe* @S[hr a NZeSe eS^_ ahf _Nee SZ
heZ\e R]ahe @ay`[ LeB\m jWe ]O [_ aiLf ek
__ @`Lhf `NLe j NZeSe _[[`[ mLc_* cê
@ahj j LeBm Ha ê ê @S[hr* `B HL @_Lf a[aeZ
[Ae Lm $fe [_ai è ahf ]Mm LeaL @S[hr* L
km _k (Hd, `-72)
Hk aaeZe Hkk d aw* jk[e Drebe[e j]Y
kB\a A]c NZeSNXL ]Mm Lea`B j aq\a `d a]L
jcSa] jlc kB_\m Drebe[e Hk jcS aeL `[lba
`[k[ Le aw [* S_bc JXhe c[`^_ NZeS aayL _e`]
eM\m Ha H\`B A]c JXA S[ [* _Se elLr am NkZ
Le [* jan `S Aj_ ]B\m Ha [* [e^_ è [*
]kahiL jB[ eM [*e _[ J A]h @_jeZ Le _S NZeSNXL
]Y eM\m Ha be[e @__ NZeSNXL ]NNh_ ]B Qm\m
aw* c[è @S[hr a NZ jc] Dè ALcZ Le
jc_* èb[ Le\m a Mà 261e @hL* Lf= dw `d
a]L jcSa] JXhL h Leè _ \m a[ Lf= NZeSe
D`y[ akZa] jcSe j`jeZ`B cM @e ba aaQ[
kBQm\m Ha jk[ [kL m` Lea akZa] cNê `^_
LdLc kB ek\m Hk LdLc @_je @hL Lf= ALcZ
Le\m Ha A^_L Lfe cMBm NaQb _SL Lc_ c[a]e
DNL[ @_N[ ba S_Qle D`y`[ LeB dè ca]e cf
A]he `[Lfe dB jbH[ __L b= Qe ce Le]m, WL
jc[ _SL aw^camc am jêZe HL êZ jLe j @[
^r[ejk aw* cf A]he cf`V_ OVBm Ha awcfe Hè
ab be ]m d, @Qe Hk ^c jcN be[ bB e ]af kB akZ a]
Yqe jLcZ `\ è e kBNm
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 200
j L\ Lfe Ha Hkk `Z^ d Ne]a aw _S

S_bc [if (A^_L D`Lf JXh)e A]c NZ[L NZeSNXL
j`jeZhf a]L jcSa] Lafe el Lea `B jcSa]e
cMyf cN^ `d dB jWe jk bc e A]c @âjc_* jcSa]
aewe j+aw Le\m J [~e cN^ jcS _S jce aeê
jM_ kB jkWe Rt kB ek\m A]aj j+NXL aw [ife
Qt èè ]e H[ ju J hhf Le\m d, jNXL j M jcee
èb[ Lea cN^ `l jca _\m aw* [e^_ è b]Ac_*
jk[e jc_* b[e ab MfB, b] j Le @S[hr
L[Lhe _S jcS aYBaL jc\ kB\m c^ cN^ _
ekè_\m [Z LVm NZeSNXLe j` am`LeZ Dè
ja^L Ne[ ]B\m Ha dD `d NZeS aay ekR j`d
jcS ae jca _k am Lk jNXL Lè ^j LedBèa [e
D` a[B\m Hk D~he k [* @\h eQ[ kB\m @hL
Lf= NZeSNXL Dè ALcZ Le jNXL ^j Leae `Q]_
`B\m Hk @\he
è jWL Aja Ha $eda aw* `ML
àe Ac ]MR, JXhe A]c @âj Lè LiLkL `bae
_S cA j= `\a J `L[L jc_ Le cA è `L[ c^ [e
elLr am ba\m Ha NRe Ne cAe \_ A* [k b[e
SN[dLe cA Aab[ kB\a @_ba Le\m cAe \_ @*[ Hk
NRN [ `B kBdB\m SN-\, SN_\ [e jele `cr `[h[
\m Hk SN-\ a SN_\ jc[fe [e j\el`B jaj [N
Le\a Ha aa l[e jcSa] Adc_* jc Le [e j[ J
NZeSNXLe el Le\a Ha ILawkB Hk NZeSNXL Lè
_S j[ J y[L elLeèa [k jc_* hl ]B\a Neh
aw* c^ j [e jah elLr am NkZ Le_m [Z [e
c_j`Vfe [e jah elLr Ne]a aw [e cA `\ J `L[e
`[L SN-\ a SN_\ jk jc\aQL kBdB\m Ha aw J
SN_\ kBdB\m HL J @b_ aw h SN_\ ba a h SN_\
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 201
aw ba Nk[ kae @jm ekj Hkk

]w* [e^_ è [* h_e` am ]hB j ja] ja[
a]c_ am ja LeaL aw h_a] dD D]c Le\m [k
a]a]c_* ]a `S $fe `hf kB`X\a @_ba Le JXh
([]__ D_)e eS Btb[ jk h_[e `[L[L HL yfe`
D`y`[ Le [ke `S ]e awjr @l eMaL d[af c_y
Lm, [*e c_ km, Hk SN_\k jk bcL `B jarc
SN_\ cr ekj
jef A]c Aâj LiLkL `bae `\a J c_a Dbk
jhe Aê J j ekje NOe am c__B ah `L[e jl
e` ba _e [_L NkZ Le c[he dD cfL èL_ Le\m
[ke @aa^`B c_a [_e jk @hL j Ne[ ]B\m dk
`S__ J è`f_ jk j` `SS_ `B d_ J è`f_ `B _
[Z S+cfe Lu `d HL _e @aa [L _Mf `L[e jS_Le J
`f_Le `Le yfe` è a^ km ah aw J aba aw`B, S_
Ha Sa_d[`B [kLk j Ah Lea, [ke heZe eka Lè
Lea? _e [_L [ LuWe S+ `d LVLe eM ka _k L'Z
[a j Lea? Hk jcje jc^_ [L cf\m NRe Neal bN
@^L Jje, @ @h je, abN jc_`[L ba `h[e Hkè
ba [Ae kBNm _e[_e jk AahL @h dkL j Qk\m
Ha dk hY _dB ]O]_ ekè NRe N b_ @_ LD\e, `\e
a LZj ^[e, Hk ]Oy c]f j _cZ Leè_\; LeZ
jè ]l[ j`d j @S_ Le _ \m LW _c[ jk c]fe
albNe A* ]B\m ]BV _e Qk dk cAe è`f_Le he
be jk c]f SN_\ kBNm c]fe jk _ LfLc
SN_\* QLAM kBNm jc `bae SN_\*e Hk aLh OVa
àe JXhe A]c @âjc_ jk c]fe S_][ S__e Ha
ah `L[e LeZc J heZ][ jr @_ba Le\m J _Se jM ]M,
@f @~f ja [ke `Me @SX ]B h J ji @_ba Le\m
[ke `Me aj Sa_Ssje __ _A _A Dre _S _S jef jba
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 202
J jef ahj @_e` Aae Le\m

Hk Aae dk[ c[[_L LtLe OV\m jk[ Hk aa
OV_ [ _ce js[ kB\m aLh DW\mA][ c[he LkL
jth_ Le jk A] JXA Q_Lc_ @bb[ kBDW\m [aB]
jkj Lh S=m S=m \a A]aj `Xe `Xe A][e Aae,
[e _ J @_b[ B[] dè dè `je dD\m, a]L
jcSa]e j`jeZ Lafe A]ajc_* el Lea`B jk
jcSa]e k]qfL dB jc_* el LeaL aw QfB\a D]ce
aaeZ jè c^ jc_* `M `kq\m $fe aw* _Se elLr
b a jc_ c_ Le \ m j \ m jc_* A] _[ J
]N]hLJXhe A]aj [e `\c Aar ba s_e _[_ @_b[e
Sa_ kBDW\m af [e A] _[, ]N]hL J elLr aw*
LeZ jc_* @_b[ kD\m Ha c[h J awjr HL[ HLLe
kBDW\m jk c]f b[e [Z @amf Lc aw c^ A][e
@h J Aê kBNm @aR] ba LfLc hae` [ke _km
j^_ [r h_eè yfeè awjrL D`y`[ Lea`B Btb[
d[af D]c Lm A][e Hk c]fe`L j Ae^ cd]
]maf A]aje SN-\e $ kBek\a c[h J awjre
D`_ km aw[ [Z SN_\ aw[e aNk a] jk [*e
LZj j`L _k a _\m
[*e ja QfZ cA è, `Z awè [* hcte aw[e
NOe c[he jS_hf[ dk[ c\_h jk[ aw[ a
kBNm c\_h cO jk c\_ Le `\a dk[ $fa[ kH,
jk[ jk c\_e Sd[ e` `km AiYe Qm SN_\*
d_d[ a e\d[ D_ a aw[e aay_je _c[ Hk e\,
[]_je èQf[ Hk d[ LcaSd_e r_ _B Hk d_d[
Qm S_NZ* cfe `]e $fa[ kaL aN `\a c\_`B
Ak_ Le\H cOL Ha [e `[ree j[ dc[ Te`X\H ek ek
h [e ai bed D\H cZie c_e ecq, [_e ecq, @aQ[_e
ecq, @_b[e ecq ecqe ckà_e è DW\H è e\
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 203
Dè XL ]D\H XkL - Oq Oq dH Oq _B èa j [e

j [e [ JWe `[ L`_e, [ Le `[ DneZe, [ Q[_e
`[ ][_e, [ jcSL jre `[ a&_e `je Aj\H c\_e
Dnp Ak_, c\_e D]OiZ S_ cfe SN_\ ! L ecq ! L
ecq !
SN_\* aTaL km Hk ecqL aTaL ka aTaL
ka [* jk c\_e j`LL aTaL ka LcaSd_e Aa]_L
aTaL ka LiLkLe `baL aTaL ka JXA S[e jcSL jrL,
[e jcSL LcaLhe êL [e c[`^_ I[kL aTaL ka
hl[L, [e [~h _cLeZe LeZL
l[ `^_
aM[ ]h_[rar X.`.Qp`^* j[e Ac @aa^L
jk[ cf j mMR: "The term traditionally used in India to
refer to the patriarchal and matriarchal systems are BIJA
PRADHANYA and KSHETRA PRADHANYA. The terminologies
are evidently derived from the sexual agricultural circle of ideas.
PRADHANYA means predominance. But BIJA and KSHETRA
have double meanings. Ordinarily these mean the SEED and
AGRICULTURAL FIELD and the use of the word BIJA in this
sense is traced as far back as the RigVedic times. Similarly
KSHETRA also means the FERTILE WOMB of the wife and the
legal literatures have often used this word in this sense. From
the BIJA PRADHANYA point of view, therefore, the human child
is the product primarily of the male semen just as the corn is
primarily the result or effect of the seedgrains. This represents
the male bias and is naturally associated with the patriarchal
system. From the KSHETRA PRADHANYA point of view, however, the human offspring is primarily the product of the female
womb just as the corn is born primarily of the agricultural field. It
represents a female bias and is naturally associated with the
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 204
matriarchal system". (D.P.Chattopadhyaya, Lokayata, p.320)

Hke jeh km, `[`^_ J c[`^_ jcS aay be[e aS`^_
J c[`^_ ]e yeL[ kB\H `^_ Laf `^_[L aTD\a
af Db aS J l[ ]@\a^L
aS NRe c& [\ èie ad ba FNa]Lfe aaQ[
kDR l[ QiSc J _ee SWeL aTH aS`^_ ]LZe,
jk[, cL c&e cL $jm j km è cZie ade cZi j_
j kH ad dk[ èiWe _N[ kH jk[ Hk _ `[`^_
jcS aay jk jh l[`^_ ]LZ Hke aè[ d aY
cL c& \m cL NR ka_ L cL $fa_ Lil[ k _S LkL
afe cL c&L NRe a]fB]H J cL $fH jkè cZi j_
j kH c[ SWee c Nb èie adL cZi hhe e` ]H Hk
_ c[-`^_e jL[ a c[`^_ jcSe èQ[ Hkk LiLkLe
èZ[
SN_\ d c[aNk a aw c[e^Lee `[L `[c [e
`cZ Hk _e _k[ [* Aajyfe _c hl[ hl[ `Z è
_k, è j_d[ Hk hl[e kH e\d[ Hk hl[e kH
SN_\ @_Ncc_ Hk hl[L Aj\ è J hl[ Db hv
c[`^_e ][L Db LiLkLe ][L Li l[ cO jk
c\_ Le jk c\_S_[ LkL afe c&L NRe eè[ Le J
$jm $fH Hke j*[L[ ak_ Le SN_\* hcte Qe`V
ek\a `Qee _c cO_] `Qe LiLkLe Hk @__ @_b[L
]h_[ Le\m aSd_e `[[ Btb[ Ha [e Le\m
Lc`VLèe Qeh jw J jc_* ]h_L ]] S ]a [Z
cO_] `Qe è hctee b[e aY Lc aY Lc`VLèe
Qeh jw aSd_ j^L* b[e \m hae`] Hk hae`]
LeLm j^_e eQ[ (X MNhe ck`[, Qd N[L, `.73) LeLm
]acr Laf JXhe Aa[ kBR am (Buddhism in Orissa,
p.153, 164) Dè _be Le X ck`[ LkR Qeh Nce @aV
]ee Lec aw`We Aae $fe c_ kDR Lec` jk LeLm
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 205
j`Lb[ J Hk hctee LcaY èL_e HL `Q]L [r

hae`] Btb[* jcjcL Btb[ aSd_ y`_ Le aw*
SN_\ e` @n_ Lmaf SN_\* `\c _fà[e hae `S
Le\a L\ JXhe ja][ j[ Dè cR _] SN_\* @jm èQL
mQB]aL H[ Lc] jLe kBR d, Lè [*e LcaLh
OVm [k HL j[ NaiZe @`l eM L Ha Ac ]M, Hk
hae`]* aw N[LNXLe Hè a_ @R dk SN_\* cf @ay
Dè AmL`[ Leè [k km hae-hae `cQd d\D Q D Q à[ [k ajB jae af
ce= `R èkZ jae Na[ N&e cf1
Dc[ jae `Nf jae cLe Nm NkX [ke
Z@ OeZ _c jkS jte
__ [eae cfme N@Z[ mNm Xf
HLm jae H aZ kB LLfaSê2
[@^D LV `Xm jae ckjk jL RBm
jae bS= _BecZ ]e`ck e[ `kBm3
k@ [af ckjk Lè MB
j_ _BecZ L mBA ckjk e[ `kB4
NeaL `&A au _@cZ aZ
HL he ju_ auk auk ècZaZ5
Dc[ jae NeA ei
Neae jke ju `Bj jae mXa LBj6
H N[ L'Z hae`] SN_\* ml Le mM\m? Nbe ba
Q Lm Dre ka k jaeaf SN_\ jkSjte jL _e
jr @s èiL Sa_ aLhe j[ a[B jL LeR _ej à[bce
jqe dDR `c aLh DWR jcS jS_e `x af kBdDR ]e,
]ae c\_e[ _e Ha Hk ]ae c\_ jk _ej à[ bce
alm[e be ]DR __a^ è jce, aLh DWR _A _A Xf,
D`Xf ale ale _ej à[ c\_ ej Aj]_ Le _a jaSc,
_a `ma, _a _a à\e Hè Sa_ kBDWa LiLkLe Lec[
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 206
ba èNZ
hae`] Hk mM Hk c\_e cq [_ e[e NY am
OiZ Le NeaL k Hk OiZe cfê am jQB @R Ne k
aw ]a
H\e Hkk kH d, Li LkL jk aw ]h_L chB hae`]
SN_\ ]h_ ba HL _[_ ]h_e @*ec OVB\m, dkL Btb[
]B\m HL jaS__ aâw[
LiLkL jk aw [e[e Hk @b] jc_ hae`]* d]
SN_\* A] `SLe Aj_e eM\H, c[ èar Lfe akZa]
iXd k[ j a]f dB\ hae ahaje, [a [ke aj[
kae LR _k j[e Hkk jLd d, h SN_\ aSd_e j Ha
A]c JXAe @_ba-cfe Sa_ aLhe A] D ba èNk[
c[[_e LkLh jk aw-jre jdS_ OVB Btb[, ml*e J
hae`] A] Lc`VLè @N[ Qeh jw j^Lc_ JXA S[e
jcNL Qe[ j_k[ Le aaick_ SN_\[re aLh LeR H
[r hae[r, `ce, cf_e, c\_e [r
Hkèba A]c JXAe SN-\ SN_\ ahi ba haee
hae (jce `jahfe ASe ]B[) AS a [* af Le eMR
eSj_, @Zje h_, _ada_ `]h_, Oq Lc_ Le e\d[e
dN]_ , _a Lfae Afe NbêZ B[] ja _e jmb AQeZ
@amc_ LeR Hk jaeaf Ha hae H[af ]B[ jS [L jkdN
LeR j[e SN_\ [r c[`^_e ]h_L [r Hk ]h_ dk[
c\_LtL, jk[ [* e\ Dè XkL-ame _e*h DneZ
Ha [* cte b[e h S ]a* afj-Lf èaiL
N[afSN_\-QfZe @aR] @h kB ekR
dDc_ h SN_\* e\ Dè XkL am DWda j`le
jc_ a [* aw jre am`LeZ j`le Ha jkc_k h S
]a* awjr aewe
L JXA S[e R[ b[e h SN_\ J h S ]a* aw
jrL m` LeaL jlc ka LH?
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 207
h SN_\* awjrL m` Lea `B akZa] L[ d

Q _ LeR ! h*eQd [ `Xek\m HW [* aw _k NawL L
am ja LeaL aw aSd_e Ae^ dk[ `]a[ Ha aw[
dk[ `]h jk[ [ke @ac__`B @bjucfL ba j _Se
Qme _c eM\m `]`] Ha èe HL cW `[ Le [ke [L
[* `[c h*eQd ba @^[ Le\m Hk cWe _c j eM\m
Naw_ `W Hk _cLeZ a D~hcfL \m Nat a Naw_ è
hv Lè a]L jcSa]e A\L AbcMe ès`L hv [k àe
ja kBR @[Ha Hk _cLeZ \m D~hcfLba awae^
_S cWe Ha Qme Hkè D~hcfL awae^ _cLeZ Le,
akZa]e `ìL eSh jk[e j H[ ]e ANBdB\m
d SN_\* e[a]e _Se Ha _S Qm `]`]e `[cr y`_
LeB h SN_\* jcbakee `S `Bae a aay Le\m L
[ èm? JXA S[ ]_ SN[ km j ]BVdL `[crL e[a]e
_Lm b=b= $`X]m jce @fAN] b[eL
SN_\* awjr _ LeaL akZa] NS`[ èirc
]a* ê hctee S ]a* @`] DWB]B [ a]fe jk
NS`[* ]e eQ[ a [* _ce bZ[ @b_a N[Nat `W àr_
Le\m km L'Z? JXA S[ Hèba a]k LeDWm d èirc*
a^ kaL `X\m _S `]l` `[ke Le_aL Ha Lf bai[e
@_ LZj akZa] Hè k_ iXd Le [ke y _eLeZ
`B èirc* `[ NS`[ `[è]* HL hfmM ]e OiZ LeaL
kB\m d h S ]a* @`] b_ @_ LZj N[ h SN_\*
jcè èah[ ka_k
hctee c\_[re D[M[LeZ`B J [~e awaSd_e
`ba ]eLeZ`B akZa]c_ h SN_\* `S a^_ a]L e[
@_d LeaL eS* jkd _B\m J hcte aYe _Se HL
aWL ajB [L c c` ba _c[ Le\m Ha S_jêZ ce
cN SZa `B jk c` Dè dc[ _behf k@ [ke ata
Le\ m HkL D`kj Le JXA
S[ hcte e àr_ Lm @_=[]h
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 208
_cL HL _[_ à Ha Hk àe cte N[e @_=[e aNk y`_

Le jk c\_e[ _Le `S a Lm
d[af S ]a* @`]NXLe Laf \eL`B y_[
L _ce ja^ _B dH hSN_\ j k ktc_* (Nat)L am
Lk SN_\* kt aNk ba ja LeaL akZa]c_ j_ D]c
Lm J j\`B Q[_`xc_* cZBaL @[ Q[e[e jk TmZd[
Aec Le e^L ejmf Afe h SN_\* kt ]a[e eè[
LeaL iXd Lm, JXA S[ jk TmZd[L hcte ake
TmB]B\m j]_We AS `d [k [\L\[ cc` LXe k
kDR _] JXA Lakm [e C, [e Ne, [e `Z`
hawSN_\* _tj[ L ba NkZ Le _k
c cè akZ a]c_ jc_* hZQe[ k[ Nat L*
d[aX ]@ e` \B\ _ LkL, JXA [* [ SN_\* jcLl
am c_ _k L c_a a _k j\`B [ [e D]OiZ- hSN_\
if Lf, [k LfH _taf
[\` a eSh jk[e h*e, _eke, _cL A]* j=L
Ac ]h akZa] akZc_ ch jLe\a _eaR_ abLe
èahe, ahi[ N`fn_`wr àr_ ]e N`f L ba
SN_\* `S LedB _tj[ Lk SN_\ am D~h `Z][
[aB]e jQeZ d[af àf[e km, JXAS[ [e ck]ê
L_ ba jLm ml* Ha cteV jk ml*e am Lk [ke _c
Le]m hcte J [\L\[ ]eL^h L* a_B]m OeSBA J
]k [fm, Lr dH eM Lr, hheOe SB Lr B[] Laf HBW
@VL _ ek, j jLm Ake HL hZ[ D`M_ H\e j ml*
_BNm h _c HL QfZe OeL J ml* bie [k akZ
OeWe @^L c_ke kB\m a, jè HL @h ae OeL dB\a
k[ [\L\[ L afec* Le [* T=j LeB, [~e jc_*
aaica] Qe[L `]e `LB, jc_ Lè jaS_k[Le _k
[k _ebe[ Le, jc_* jc_* akZa] AQeZ k[ ]
]AB, bL D`je jYB, bL cNB cNB hie jk h QfZ
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 209
Oe M] MBaL a^ Le\m akZa] Dè Hè `Q `]O[

kZ JXA S[ j[Le _e kB_\m; jLe\m cZaj Ji
dke Hk D`M_e Aar LedB JXAe Oe Oe QkV\m
aaha]ae^ ml*e `S
@[[L @_B]m, _Se `Z` Ne hawSN_\* cfL
ah @`[k[ eMa`B Ac àèi Hkè dk ja LeR [k`B
k] bedH Nae
àe LkkBR, akZa] NS`[ èirc h S ]a*
@`]NXL SN_\* QfZe D[M[ Le []èar àr[ _SL[ a
_S _ce bZ[ @b_a N[Nat ]e awe` SN_\* _tj[ hL
ba D`y`[ Le\m JXA S[e àf `[a]`Me c _AB j
[k `[ke Le_aL a^ kB\m c^ SN_\* ]Mm LeaL kt
cfa]c_* QL @ak[ \m [Z jk NS`[ èirc ]a
hN`fn_ `wr _cL HL `S a^_ `Z_ Le []_d h SN_\*
`S èQf_LeB h SN_\* d[af eSh afe N`f LL
a]fB]aL QLm Ha [* jk k[cfB [\L\[ ccè
akZc_ ]eLaj N`f L Lf Lfe _fQfaj hSN_\
kBdBR am `Qe QfB SN_\* awjr m` LeaL `_e]c
Lm, j[af JXA S[ _r _m, d] SN_\ N`f kBdBè,
[a jk N`f* j Lf Le]a Ha, [kk Lm [e ekj
jLe Lm- Lf Lf Lf L Lf N`f LfL @\[ Lf
Lfe L k heZ am akZa]c_ Lk\m Lk, L jk
N`f L k Lf Lfe LfL
A]aje c[LtL @_b[ Lè `Q_ JXhe L _c[
c[-c]fe ]M\m Sa_Ssje jc^_ J jc[fe LeZc
aw* h_jrjk jk c]fL jc_[ Le Lè aw[ aLh[ kB\m
[k c àe jQBR [ A]c @_b[ `j[ kB\a k[ Hk c[c]f (SN-\) Lè SN_\e e`[ kB jcN JXA S[e jcNL
jcSL jre aw ]h_L j]Y Le eM\m [k a @mQ[ kBR
a]L jcS aay`B Hk y[ jkL kD _ \ae [e aw brL
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 210
ab Lea`B akZa]c_ ha[ B[] __ aba_ D`SB

[h jêZ cZie jcSL IL _ LeaL D]c Le\m c^,
d LZj `Leb]e [ kD _ LkL, [k c[[_e ck[ kj `B
dè @jc\, aw[e cf j`Le aR_ ka jè @jca [Z
dD [ dk a Lk, `[ [e bie D`m kH aw[e _weZ
Hè HL _weZ km_f] hSN_\ jl[ ]lZ LfL
[e jl[ je`Z iXh hj]h_
cf`L[ea hjb] ba_he
ck]^ j^c^ aV hL`]`
`qLh hh_q `j]cZc`
e[jkj_ dn a][ e[a]L
h LfL de` l[ hèirc
[[[ dN_e` `c èLr[
e` bea ja èi èirc
Sc]` aeS LfL Lf bc
@[Ha, jc `Lee akZa] iXd jr hl[ è
aw[e à_`W Ha Lfe Lfyf kBekR HWe JXA S[
h SN_\* N`f Le jB[ _k, LeR LfL
j jcSe SN[, _ jcSe jL[, _d[[ cZie
jcSLjr, _d[_] akZa]e ^ja^_`B L[jL O__f
keL* [S[ d] mmk_ kBDW, Lè ]ha? jcSLILa]
jkSd_e jk[`B h S ]a jLe\a `]afe dD ]
jkeLe hi @a[e LfLe èL _ Le\ m jk LfLe AO[Le
ei d] HL jLe e` _H, L'Z ka? [k ka ha è `Xek\a
jajk jcS ale hZh[e jke`B D]N D]af_, Lfe Ak_,
Lf, ckLf[Z hSN_\ k Lf, LfL
h S ]a a]L èi`^_e `[a^_ `B _e`^_
c\_[r Aê[ @`] eQ_ Le LcaSd_e jhLeZ`B Q
Le\m [Z JXA S[ hl[e c^ c\_e[ Lfe e`_
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aBh `kQ ` - 211
OVB\m @_ LDW Hè èL_ _k hl[e Hk @__ aba

Ha h S ]a* c\_[rja @`]NXLe jkSd_ `ba JXAe
c_eSe L[ j`[[ [ke k èQL HW h[ ha* al
Dè hcLf ba `Lr[ Hk Lf Hè hfe a]c_ d,
Db* S__t èeL h Le ekR @\[ aè[ e[e a b_
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aBh `kQ ` - 212
ba LM[ ]_aeS hc aewe eZl[e c[NZ* _[[ _B

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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 213
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 214
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 215
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 216
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 217
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aBh `kQ ` - 218
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aBh `kQ ` - 219
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aBh `kQ ` - 220
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aBh `kQ ` - 221
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aBh `kQ ` - 222
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aBh `kQ ` - 223
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aBh `kQ ` - 225
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aBh `kQ ` - 226
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aBh `kQ ` - 227
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aBh `kQ ` - 228
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aBh `kQ ` - 229
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aBh `kQ ` - 256
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aBh `kQ ` - 257
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aBh `kQ ` - 258
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aBh `kQ ` - 260
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aBh `kQ ` - 261
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aBh `kQ ` - 262
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aBh `kQ ` - 265
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aBh `kQ ` - 266
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aBh `kQ ` - 271
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aBh `kQ ` - 272
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aBh `kQ ` - 273
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aBh `kQ ` - 274
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aBh `kQ ` - 275
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aBh `kQ ` - 276
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aBh `kQ ` - 277
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aBh `kQ ` - 278
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aBh `kQ ` - 279
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mf[ WZ `LV jS_ L& ba_ Qf
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 280
h S ]a bZ[cêL[ kec]j[acc
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 281
LjcQeQ[ hQ aj Nk
afj LjcjLce]k3
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afj ]h_eQeQehMe7
LLf Lf-ea cMe L& N[ Le
LeL-e] ! c]_c] AQe LcLf7
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 282
ak[ `]a[ jM jcS

bZ[ S ]a La eSeS 8
`]a[ `j] mb LaeSêS
S ]a d bZm be jcS jM AS8
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 283
[ef]NqfQf_c_kec]_S_[e[eNc
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 284
eLeS_e dj_ jNe [= SAe SN

aLj DWm [j_ @[_-aLe ck_ cM
amLm e^: QeLPl[ afjeje ê
[* jc[f ` m`_e QkV QkV Nm1
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 285
HLah[[c `kQ
(Lp_ ]e `Q][ e^ LfLl b[eL L èke Le àh LeR
[* @[ ANke hd DèL O_dDR ke)
Ljfh_[f Le Lc_ QeZ_f_a_ahc
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Aj Aj H\ `]`ma eM N !
[a `]hb ]M Lhf Na
Ma kD N, DRe _ Le ma N !1
LeLcf_ Lec QeZckcN[j a]ec
lZc`Le h_è cca _èc_N[hec2
LeLcfe Lea è cSZ
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 286
eMR cr aek jc d ]Lf

_S k[ [e $=]H c $VB
@_c[ ]@; _ Le _ Le DRe3
` èecZebjaf[ca `mL[c[]ea`c
c]ej LQLfj a_ah hi c_jS[`c4
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aL c AaN eM Lche [[ N
_ae jS_ ! _ Le DRe _ci4
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@êe jêj N
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cW cW [c aQ_ jc_ c
cMf ]fB @aj] Le _6
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 287
cc[ a$fei aLfL[camL[c^_]c

cf[mSS[ca __ [a aec ajS e[M]c7
@LeZ ei Le\m j_Ne N !
aek Sf c aLfe Nm hY N
c_ [ `Xm mSe L dH _B N
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Ha c aQ_ hZ N
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h S ]a bZ[c]c_`]_N][cê`c]c
S_[ ejLS_i c_ece[ejbaa_]c8
h S ]a* L[ N[ `] `] k
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cNc]`[Lc[ c_bac=fLfhjk]e
_SN] j d]_t_ LX[ k]_t_1
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 288
j=c hi d]_t_ jê

Lk e^: ]M c]_e hbLfh
jc jej c `_`êdNf;
[`_hLe Le Le
m`]@ [k Sah1
@fLfN&_j&_L e[_LjLcQ_
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c_jS`hafjê hbah _ah Lf3
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bceQ eQcè eQe jQe cc jM
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Qqf @fLf jc H d @fL
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au [ke _S Le c]]L4
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 289
cNc]ejaf[ mf[ Le [fLcf_eS_Le

ak[Lf*Lf Lcf__ ahc[hchLe5
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Qt jc d mf[ m ` k !
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cc eQe QLe Le c_] c_jS^SQce
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e[eZ Lf `XR Nf d Ljc
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jejO_ SO_ cc hce]eZaeZLte
cZej_aj_beZ_ hbh aj jte7
c]_-crNSe ake\f H
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cZe cMf c_ Le ` k!
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h S ]a aQj eQe k] j] Le c_
keQeZjeZc[_c[ LfLfiSeM_8
@_je ke QeZ eQe bie
eQm h S ]a H ejf N[L
Lfe Lfi [[ `hc_ Ahe
k] j] c_ Le ejL8
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 290
j=c hi d]_t_ jê

Lk e^: ]M c]_e hbLfh
jc jej c `_`êdNf;
[`_hLe Le Le
m`]@ [k Sah1
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 291
jc`Z
(Hk kDR hi `] h S ]a H\e _S c[ `[* èQ ]B
èhe] àN* ]e `Qe[ ka D~he j eQ_L j``Z
LeR dk[ j _S eQ_e _cLeZ Le_\m 'N[Nat', jk[
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e[ejh ejLe @e
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 292
jkL j[ jQ
j[ _c
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Ad QdQ
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Df ]`L
Dre be[L jx èè
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Qd N[L
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Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 293
X. `he c Q[a]* c[
X. jLc e j_* a_
X. b. eOa_* a_
[ hecZ hSN_\
[e ekj
s_jw
ê[
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akNe \_e H[m jM 116(4)
ak[ JXA
@b^ _
ak] eZL D`_i]
b aS
b cf (Qt ]rOrissamatters.com
)
17, 70-71, 73-74, 127
aBh `kQ ` - 294
b cf (_b S)
be[ Le
ckbe[
c]f `&
ce à j[ L\
dNaZ
dNe
eQ_af
e\ _c Z `wr
eS[eNZ
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heeb] [r
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hc[ L`f a_* c[
h Q[_ Qe[ c[
hSN_\ [r
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h]N jh[c
hc]bN a[ N[
hcte J hcte
hh bcf
j] Lc[
jtb be[
jcS
jc]
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 295
j[ jk[ L B[k j
jef ckbe[
jr_ ` [
jc=f afj_
ke b afj
kaS[
A descriptive catalogue of
Sanskrit Manuscripts of Orissa, Vol.II
A Sketch of the History of Orissa
Archaeological Remains of
Bhubaneswar
Archaeological Survey of India, New
Imperial Series
Brahminical Gods in Burma
Buddhism in Orissa
Buddhist Dialetics
Calcutta Review
Census of India Report,1911
Chaitanya and His Age
Chaurashi Siddhacharyas of Orissa
Cultural History of Orissa
Dialogues of the Buddha
Eastern India School of Medieval Sculpture
Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics
E.Watson to W.B.Bayley,
Epigraphica Indica
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 296
Gandhiji in Young India

Gitagovinda or The Songs of Jayadev
History and Doctrines of Ajivikas
History of Dharmasastra Literature
History of Orissa
India at her Best: Limca Book of World Records,1996
Indian Culture, Vol.V
Indian Historical Qrly,Vol.XXIII
Indian Sculpture and Painting
Inscriptions of Asoka
Inscriptions of Orissa
Jayadeva
Khandro.net
Linguistic Survey of India
Lokayata
Mahatma
Mahenjodaro and The Indus Civilisation
Mother-Right in India
R.Ker to W.B.Baylay
Religion and Folklore of Northern India
Role of Women in History of Orissa
Sanskrit-English Dictionary:Apte
Notes and Queries Suggested by a Visit to orissa in January 1859
On the Musical Modes of the Hindus
Orissa Feudatory States
Orissa District Gazeteers, Puri
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 297
Orissa Historical Research Journal

orissamatters.com
Orissa Review
R.Ker to W.B.Baylay
Religion andFolklore of Northern India
Role of Women in History of Orissa
Sanskrit-English Dictionary:Apte
Science in History
Sidelines of History and Culture of Orissa
Sri Gitagovinda Mahakavyam
State and Government in Ancient Orissa
The Age of Imperial Kanauja
The Asian Age
The Cult of Jagannath
The History of Bengal, Muslim Period
The Mothers
The Real Birthplace of Buddha
The Rengma Nagas
Thirteen Principal Upanisads
Times of India
Travels and Adventures in the Provinces of Assam
W.B.Baylay to W. Dorin
W. Forrester to Robert Ker
W.Trower to J.P.Ward
With the Rajas and Rayats
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 298
Q[ èQ
c][ jeZ e ò]`V Q[ `[ Le\ m h h hhL
eD[ Lcf jeZe [ke J @_ Q[NXLe jdS_ @_S
`[c hc_ mf[ _eZ e\* k[ jca kBRHk jeZ e
][ è ekR h SN_\* jMe ml ml JXA
Lf`S
e[e aXaXA* j[ J j_e @`Z Le\a AN @Oe
Q[, dke a_ ekR 187e 189 è
H[]b_ ce HL ` S_, JXh e [_ `\[ dh Q[h
h ea_eZ _L, [] jdN L_ @^`L hc[
hfaf _L J Sc[, JXh mf[Lf HLXce jQa h
QtcZ ahf Lcf jeZVe Lj`B jhw jkdN
LeR h S ]a* @`]NXLe `]eLeZa\Le
@=j Aec kBR h_L* LfS [fe jc `kQe
` \ c `] h a h f* [ f h e (` -249)[m _
kBdB\maf hc[ _L* @c h Di[ kBDWR
Q[\ (`-239), HL]h (`-260), Q[~h (`-268),
ah[[c (`-284) J ]ah[[c `kQe (`-290) ce
mM ce Hk `S_c_* [fh `B\ak[ c d[L Mj,
ce ahj, A`Z a j[L A_t[ ka
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 299
jL[s jL[
Hke eQ_`B NaiZ Lfe c JXh eS
@b mMNe, JXh eS j[ ab N NxNe, JXh a^_jb
NxNe J _A]my[ S[ NxNe Dè _be Le\m
eSy_ `[L j[e ak[ cf jce hiL @`]Ve
@_`mb hi [_V `] jNk Le\m
[Z Hk jyNXL e LcLr c_* @a]_L c L[s[e
jk jLe LeR
Orissamatters.com
About the book:
aBh `kQ ` - 300
Sri Jaya Dev of the 12th Century Orissa, erroneously

depicted as Sri Jayadev or Jayadeva, was not a Baishnav as he
is being projected; he was a social revolutionary and proponent
of Sahajajana sect of Buddhism. He had authored his love
lyrics to provide a supportive literature to this cult which was
essential in his time to check spread of Brahminic aparthied in
his motherland Orissa.
The lyrics having immense Sahajia impact and being
matchlessly popular, different agents of Brahminism, in course
of time, had tried to transform them into Brahminic literature
through interpolations and by editing them in a style conducive
to their own cult and by captioning the interpolated compilation
as Gita-Govinda when, in fact, the poet was so much against the
cult of Govinda that he had never used that name even for once
in his lyrics.
His lyrics supporting the female factor in consonance with
Sahajayana were so much threatening to patriarchal political
system that they were banned from the temple of Lord Jagannath
by the great patron of Brahminism in Orissa, Emporer
Purushottam Dev. The Emperor had replaced the lyrics of Jaya
Dev with a book captioned as Abhinav Gita-Govinda of which he
had claimed to be the author; but which was allegedly authored
by a Brahmin namely Dibakara Mishra wherein attempts were
tactfully made to transform Sri Jagannath from Buddha of Orissa
to Krishna of Dwaraka in order to terminate the Buddhist flow of
philosophy till then active in his abode, Sri Mandira.
People of Orissa had revolted against this conspiracy
and had compelled the said Emporer to withdraw his own order
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 301
and work and to restore recital of the lyrics of Sri Jaya Dev
before the Lord as before.
Purusottam Dev withdrew his work but the selected
Brahminic interpolations continued in the guise of orders of the
Lord in dreams. Agitation of the public could somehow be managed with his son and successor Emporer Prataprudradev promulgating an ordinance to the effect that no other song than
that of Sri Jaya Dev would ever be recited in the temple.
Unable to write off the Buddhist impacts of this revolutionary poet, Brahminism in Orissa has interpolated 72 verses
on his original works and given it a misleading title called Gita
Govinda, editing the same in a style to usurp him for Brahminic
Vaishnavism. The Bengalis, without knowing the truth on Jaya
Dev, have joined the bandwagon of claiming him for Vaishnavism
as well as for their homeland. In the process, the immortal love
lyricist has been buried under baseless legends. Sri Pattanayak
has freed him from the labyrinth of legends and set him as history permits.
He has shown how both the segments, the chauvinist
section of the Bengalis and the agents of Brahminism are wrong
in their claim over Sri Jaya Dev.
He has done a unique work. He has completely dismantled the fort of Bengali claims over Sri Jaya Dev. He has, for
the first time, exposed how the Central Sahitya Akademi, New
Delhi has been misused by Bengali chauvinists in the matter of
Sri Jaya Dev. He has, for the first time, freed Sri Jaya Dev from
legends on the basis of historic perspectives. He has brought to
records all the relevant but missing episodes of Orissan history
for the first time through interpretative research.He has shown
how Radha, now a Hindu Vaishnav deity, was created by Sri
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 302
Jaya Dev as Nayika of Buddhist Sahajayan. He has shown how

Orissa is the place where Buddha was born. He has shown how
Buddha became Sri Jagannatha. He has shown how Sri
Jagannatha is in reality the female factor. He has opened up
new avenues for research on the now extinct Mahodadhi Civilisation
of Orissa. He has opened up new vistas for research on extinguishment of Buddhism in the soil of its origin, Orissa, vis-a-vis the the role
of Asoka.
Over and above the most perspicacious discussion on

Sri Jaya Dev and his times, this book contains the Oriya translation of his lyrics in poetic form with the most measured meticulousness typical of the acclaimed wordsmith Subhas Chandra
Pattanayak.
Originally published in 1998, his translations are
regarded as the best in the category so far.
A better book than this in the subject so far is not available.
Smt. Sabitarani Kanungo,
Former Professor in Sansrit and President,
State Selection Board, Govt. of Orissa
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 303
About the author:

Sri Subhas Chandra Pattanayak, a Journalist of four
decades
standing, known for his incisive investigations,has been contributing
to the media many original and interpretive articles on Orissan culture
and scriptures, Presently Representative-In-Chief of
www.orissamatters.com, he is the first officially accredited online journalist of India.
In this book, he has tried to free Sri Jaya Dev from legends
and cultural onslaughts by taking the Brahminic wrap off his real
creed and has put him in the historic perspective while proving that he
was a social scientist, a philosopher and propounder of Sahajayan
sect of Buddhism that he had wanted to strengthen with a popular
literature for which he had authored his love-lyrics,which are now available under the caption: Gitagovinda, a title wrongfully and deliberately
concocted by agents of Brahminism.
For people of Orissa to understand the immortal poet of their
soil in his real creed, Pattanayak has translated all the twenty-two
lyrics of Sri Jaya Dev in matchlessly lucid and poetic form in Oriya.
In his discussion on Sri Jaya Dev, he has established, on the
basis of facts, the fakeness of Bengali claim over him. But more
importantly, he has exposed the mens rea behind such false claim.
In this endeavor, he has, interalia, brought to light how Orissa
is the birthplace of Buddha and why He is worshiped as Sri Jagannath
in Orissa.
`
For the first time, in this book, he has given a new but unrefutable interpretation to history by pointing out at the antagonism
of Asoka towards Buddhism, which was the only reason of his

attack on Orissa, the place being the birthplace of Buddha and
Orissamatters.com
aBh `kQ ` - 304
therefore, the fountainhead of Buddhism.

A master wordsmith, he has created magic in the
pages of this book where quest is melted into creativity, hunch is
matched with historiocity, comprehension is tested on the matrix
of reality, reality has metamorphosed into a lucid- in- languagebut-strong-in-tenor pattern, uniquely ecstatic, that has revived
Sri Jaya Dev in his entirity.
This is a must reading for everybody who loves Sri Jaya
Dev and loves Orissa and her rich ancient culture and to whom,
reality is important than the legends.
Orissamatters.com
Owner of www.orissamatters.com &

www.saubhasya.com
(Regd.No. 17013 / 1847 of 1979 - 80)
VR-32, Unit-VI, Bhubaneswar, 751001
Orissamatters.com

SJBBP

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Orissamatters.

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Lf`S e[e JXAe aXaXA - ` : 174-176

h SN_\* @aae Ha a dDc_ ah-`L[ J

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JXA cSSL BeSe b

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Aec Lea hie

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`_jm V`e jh[ j[ _~hL h S ]a* D`e ahe] SZ

aw^ce `ZLt JXh

be[ J be[aiL Aj\a `eaSLc_ JXhL k SZ\m

administration: The Cult of Jagannatha by K.C.Mishra, Calcutta,

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k[ h SN_\* @aa Qeh `a Hk Qeh `bae `e` h

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\m ,\m e[Ne JXhe ja[ j[e ah `ea kB ek\m

a=m B[kj c^ jLe LeR d\-Tughral Tughan Khan was

victory over the Muslims of Bengal and his acquisition of the

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hie [k `Ly_ kBNm be[e ekdB\a Lhe eSe

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a][ \m m=f _ejk ba

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Hk j`[[ j[e aM @_ahL

j=c ]e LZj We Nb^_ LedB`e Hk aT kDR

a jd am Lk ("One of these figure is identified with 'Heruka'.

holy land of Puri on the ancient Kalinga coast." Brahminical Gods

ter. But as if to execute a punishment for this enviable state of

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[ jr jc_ @Vf ek\m Atf_e MSZ A] Le

W.B.Bayley, Secretary to Govt. addressed to W.Dorin, Registrar

acWe @_[ @Mf be[ Mm$[ LcV aWLe AmQ_

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\m j[e H\e _[ `Ba`B jc_ D` Q Leae

Hk a=fc_ L`e QL Le JXA mL* ScaXe cmL_

jbaL Hk Sme Hk k kBR ("It is natural to conclude that

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d`e j`rhf kBDWR, [ke $fe jc_* `eeL `[]t[

c[ jeLe ]ee \a a=fc_* @j^ `ba H l[e

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kBNm c[ [ `e Aec km jk @[ @hf_ d d JXA

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[a _] _aj Q[_* Qe[c[ a [rm LZj NX aa

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Che j`L[, (2) h=e-`ak, dk e[LX j`L[, (3) QV-`ak,

QVS* Hk a[ d Hk`e : "Sridhar dasa could not

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cte ]e c][, aa La L ]j* ]e N\[ @_[c j[L

`iai S]a S_j[e \m, jk[ j kH[ [We Ac S]a