TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

I.

GII THIU:

C th ni cng ngh cm ng v ang tr nn rt ph bin trong cc thit b thng minh ngy nay. T nhng chic in thoi, my nghe nhc cho n my tnh bng, tt c mang n cho mi ngi s tri nghim v cng th v vi gi c ht sc phi chng. V cng ngh ny cng ang tng bc hng n nhng sn phm phc v gia nh cng nh trong cng nghip. Nu nh cc nt nhn thng thng c tui th khng cao v nhng tc ng c hc cng nh s hao mn trong thi gian s dng th nt cm ng chnh l gii php hiu qu nht cho nhng vn trn. Ch mt ci chm nh, ngi dung c th iu khin d dng cc thit b m mnh mong mun thay v phi dung sc n cc phm nhn theo kiu thng thng. Tin chc rng cng ngh ny s ngy cng c ng dng rng ri trong cc thit b gia dng c bit l nhng thit b trong h thng nh thng minh nhm thay th nhng sn phm s dng cng tc bnh thng. Vi mong mun xy dng mt mch m phng ng dng cc nt cm ng vo vic iu khin cc thit b trong gia nh, nhm chng em tm hiu v chc nng Mtouch c pht trin bi hng Microchip- v cho ra i sn phm ny. y l mt mch in t s dng vi iu khin PIC vi 3 nt cm ng thc hin 3 chc nng khc nhau. Nt th 1: y l nt dng iu khin ng c, tc quay ca ng c s c chia lm 4 mc khc nhau. Vi mi ln chm vo nt cm ng th tc ng c s thay i. Nt th 2: dng iu khin 5 n led, cc n led ny s c 4 trng thi trnh din khc nhau v mi ln chm vo nt th tng ng n led s chuyn sang hot ng trng thi khc. Nt th 3: khi ngi dng chm vo nt cm ng th nhit trong phng s c hin th trn LCD. Bn cnh nu nh nhit trong phng trn 31 C th lp tc ng c s quay v c mi 5 C th tc ng c s thay i nhanh hn. Vic iu khin ng c cng ging nh chng ta iu khin quat my gia dng. Nu nh cc qut my hin ny u trang b cc nt nhn c s gy h hng trong thi gian di s dng ng thi gy cm gic kh chu vi nhng m thanh sau mi ln nhn th gi y vic s dng cc nt cm ng ny l ht sc hiu qu v bt kp vi xu hng hin nay. Trong phm vi mt mch m phng nn chng em ch s dng 1 nt cm ng iu khin ng c nhng nu p dng vo thc hin trong thc t th chng ta c th lm nhiu nt v mi nt tng ng vi mt tc quay. Bn cnh chng ta cng c th ng dng cm bin nhit vo qut my. Khi qut s c 2 ch hot ng: th cng hoc t ng. Th cng l ngi dng ty chn tc quay v t ng l da vo nhit phng m qut t quay vi tc tng ng. Chng ta cng c th ng dng nt tnh thm m cho cc thit b trong gia nh.

 TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

II.

LINH KIN S DNG:

Vi iu khin PIC 16F887 LCD 16x2 L298 TC74 ng c DC 5V, n led Cc t in, in tr, IC7805

III.

GII THIU CNG NGH MTOUCH:

Vi mong mun mng li cho ngi thit k nhng gii php thc hin nt cm ng trn cc thit b in t, Microchip c 2 hng v Touch, l Touch in cm (Capacitive) v Touch in dung(Inductive), 2 gii php ny c nhng u v khuyt im ring.Tuy nhin Touch in dung i hi nhng k thut phc tp hn trong vic thc hin. Do kha cnh nghin cu v thc hin ca sinh vin th nhm chng em xin trnh by v Touch in cm. Capacitive Touch: c nguyn l hot ng nh sau: Pad ng nh mt na ca t in, lp PCB nh mt in mi ca t, v tay ngi khi chm vo pad ng s to mt t khc na vi cc thnh phn tip xc l in mi. R rng khi tay ngi chm vo th in dung ca t (to ra t Pad ng, tay ngi v in mi tip xc) tng ln, ngi ta o in dung ny pht hin vic c chm hay khng. C nhiu phng php do in dung, ch yu da vo s np x ca t, thng dng cc mch dao ng. Microchip hin c n 4 gii lm chuyn ny. S dng Comparator (Opamp trong chip), s dng ADC, s dng CSM (Captouch Sensing Module) v CTMU (Charge Time Measurent Unint).

. ti m nhm chng em thc hin s dng Comparator, gii php ny s to mt mch dao ng nh vo Comparator v vi linh kin ph, dao ng do mch dao ng ny to ra ph thuc vo in tr v np x ca t (t ny c to bi PAD ng). Chng ta s s dng 2 Comparator vi 1

 TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

SR latch, mch ny thay i dao ng da vo in dung ca Pad ng, v c th s dng c ti a 4 nt mTouch da vo b mux chn ng vo. Nh chng ta bit mi t in s c thi gian np x ph thuc v gi tr in dung ca n. Khi ngn tay ngi chm vo th gi tr in dung s tng ln iu ny dn thi gian np x cng tng theo cng thc.

Cng thc np x ca t Thi gian t np v thi gian x s to thnh chu k ca mch dao ng. Trong mt khong thi gian khng i th s chu k np x ca t in (phm nhn) lc bnh thng v lc chm vo nt nhn s khc nhau. C th l khi nhn gi tr in dung tng nn thi gian np x tng dn n s chu k dao ng gim. Nhim v ca chng ta l phi bit c trong 1 khong thi gian c nh, khi no c s suy gim s ln dao ng t c th kt lun nt bm c nhn hay khng.

M phng hiu ng ng ra khi chm vo nt nhn

 TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

Mch dao ng s dng Comparator bn trong vi iu khin T hnh v ta thy gi tr ca C1+ v C2+ ln lt l 2/3 Vdd v 1/4 Vdd. Khi in th V- trn t Cs nh hn C2+ th C2OUT s mc cao v t bt u np. Khi V- ln hn C1+ th C2OUT mc thp th t bt u x cho n khi V- nh hn C2+ th li quay v trng thi np. Qu trnh ny c din ra tun hon v to nn b dao ng vi chu k l thi gian np x ca t.

Bng gi tr cc ln np x Ng ra C2OUT s c a vo b m 16 bit Timer1. Mi ln C2OUT thay i t 0 ln 1 th gi tr Timer1 s tng ln 1. Vn t ra l Timer1 s m lin tc m khng c im dng. Do chng ta s s dng Timer0 nh mt b nh thi 8 bit. Mt khi gi tr ca Timer0 m ti 255 th xy ra hin tng ngt. Lc ny gi tr ca Timer1 s c c, gi tr ny chnh l s chu k dao ng trong khong thi gian c nh. Bng cch lin tc c gi tr Timer1 v so snh vi gi tr mu lc u khi cha nhn nt. Nu nh ti mt thi im no s ln dao ng gim ng k ( ty gi tr chng ta t trong lc lp trnh) th ta c th kt lun rng nt bm nhn v t c th thc hin nhng chc nng mong mun nh iu khin ng c, n led. Sau mi ln nh th th Timer0 v Timer1 s c reset v 0 tip tc cho ln c k tip.

 TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

S mch m s ln dao ng Gii php thc hin nhiu nt cm ng l ta s dng b mux chn ng vo. Vi iu khin PIC 16F887 h tr b mux 4:1 nn ta c th s dng ti a 4 nt touch.

M hnh Comparator 1

M hnh Comparator 2

 TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

Li vo Comparator 1 v Comparator 2 phi ging nhau. Chng ta s ln lt cho tng ng vo kim tra tng nt cm ng. Sau s cu hnh li cc Comparators chon nhng ng vo khc tng ng v tip tc kim tra.

IV.

GII THIU GIAO THC I2C:

Ngy nay trong cc h thng in t hin i, rt nhiu ICs hay thit b ngoi vi phi giao tip vi cc ICs hay thit b khc,giao tip vi th gii bn ngoi. Vi mc tiu t c hiu qu cho phn cng tt nht vi mch in n gin, Phillips pht trin mt chun giao tip ni tip 2 dy c gi l I2C. I2C l tn vit tt ca cm t Inter Intergrated Circuit Bus giao tip gia cc IC vi nhau. Mt giao tip I2C gm c 2 dy: Serial Data (SDA) v Serial Clock (SCL). SDA l ng truyn d liu 2 hng, cn SCL l ng truyn xung ng h v ch theo mt hng. Khi mt thit b ngoi vi kt ni vo ng I2C th chn SDA ca n s ni vi dy SDA ca bus, chn SCL s ni vi dy SCL.

Kt ni thit b vo bus I2C ch chun v ch nhanh Mi dy SDA hay SDL u c ni vi in p dng ca ngun cp thng qua mt in tr ko ln. S cn thit ca cc in tr ko ny l v chn giao tip I2C ca cc thit b ngoi vi thng l cc mng h. Gi tr in tr dao ng trong khong t 1K n 4.7K.

Tr li vi hnh 1.1, ta thy c rt nhiu thit b (ICs) cng c kt ni vo mt bus I2C, tuy nhin s khng xy ra chuyn nhm ln gia cc thit b, bi mi thit b s c nhn ra bi mt a ch duy nht vi mt quan h ch/t tn ti trong sut thi gian kt ni. Mi thit

 TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

b c th hot ng nh l thit b nhn d liu hay c th va truyn va nhn. Hot ng truyn hay nhn cn ty thuc vo vic thit b l ch (master) hay t (slave). Thit b ch nm vai tr to xung ng h cho ton h thng, khi gia hai thit b ch t giao tip th thit b ch c nhim v to xung ng h v qun l a ch ca thit b t trong sut qu trnh giao tip. Thit b ch gi vai tr ch ng, cn thit b t gi vai tr b ng

Lu thut ton qu trnh truyng nhn d liu Mt byte truyn i c km theo bit ACK l iu kin bt buc, nhm m bo cho qu trnh truyn nhn c din ra chnh xc. Khi khng nhn c ng a ch hay khi mun kt thc qu trnh giao tip, thit b nhn s gi mt xung NotACK (SDA mc cao) bo cho thit b ch bit, thit b ch s to xung STOP kt thc hay lp li mt xung START bt u qu trnh mi. Mi thit b ngoi vi tham gia vo bus i2c u c mt a ch duy nht, nhm phn bit gia cc thit b vi nhau. di a ch l 7 bit, iu c ngha l trn mt bus I2C ta c th phn bit ti a 128 thit b. Khi thit b ch mun giao tip vi ngoi vi no trn busI2C, n s

 TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

gi 7 bit a ch ca thit b ra bus ngay sau xung START. Byte u tin c gi s bao gm 7 bit a ch v mt bt th 8 iu khin hng truyn.

Cu trc byte d liu u tin Mi mt thit b ngoi vi s c mt a ch ring do nh sn xut ra n quy nh. a ch c th l c nh hay thay i. Ring bit iu khin hng s quy nh chiu truyn d liu. Nu bit ny bng 0 c ngha l byte d liu tip theo sau s c truyn t ch n t, cn ngc li nu bng 1 th cc byte theo sau byte u tin s l d liu t con t gi n con ch. Vic thit lp gi tr cho bit ny do con ch thi hnh, con t s ty theo gi tr m c s phn hi tng ng n con ch. V.

GII THIU IU KHIN NG C DNG L298N:

L298N l mt driver chip tch hp sn hai mch cu H bn trong vi chun iu khin TTL, khng c diode ni bo v Mosfet. Chu ti ti a trn mi cu l 2A, in p 40VDC. Logic 0 ng vo ln ti 1.5V ( kh nng kh nhiu cao) S dng dng ng gi Multiwatt15. Cc thng s cn thit khc ca L298N c th c tm thy ti trang web ca hng STMicroelectronics [STElectro]

Hin tng ngn mch c th xy ra trong qu trnh iu khin ng c. Hin tng ny khng lm nh hng nhiu n ng c, nhng gy qa ti tc thi v khi chng trnh cha kp kim sot in p hi tip chn sense s gy chy chip. hn ch hin tng ny, ta dng mt mch bo v thng minh .Khi hin tng ngn mch xy ra, ng vo lp tc b ko

 TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

xung mc 0 V, c ngha l ng ra cng mc thp v phanh ng c tc thi trong vng 10 micro giy. Hnh B.4 m t cc mc in p tc thi khi c ngn mch.

Mch bo v L298N khng c diode ni bo v cc mosfet nm bn trong, do , cn c cc diode ngoi bo v . m bo iu khin tn s PWM cao, cn dng diode nhanh c in tr thp. Diode chuyn dng iu khin ng c l cc diode fast recovery Schottky(1N4148). Nhng tn s thp nh trong ng dng ny, vn c th dng loi 1N4007. Module Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP1) CCP1CON: thanh ghi iu khin CCP1

bit 7-6 P1M<1:0>: thit lp PWM Output 00 = Single output; P1A modulated; P1B, P1C, P1D assigned as port pins 01 = Full-Bridge output forward; P1D modulated; P1A active; P1B, P1C inactive

10 = Half-Bridge output; P1A, P1B modulated with dead-band control; P1C, P1D assigned as port pins 11 = Full-Bridge output reverse; P1B modulated; P1C active; P1A, P1D inactivebit bit 5-4 DC1B<1:0>: PWM Duty Cycle Least Significant bits. bit 3-0 CCP1M<3:0>: CCP2 Mode Select bits

 TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

0000 = tt Capture/Compare/PWM 0001 ,0010 ,0011 = khng s dng 0100 ,0101 ,0110,0111 = ch Capture 1000 = 1001 =1010 = 1011 = ch compare 11xx = ch PWM Ch PWM pht ra mt xung c iu ch rng xung trn chn CCP1 hoc CCP2 .Duty cycle v period c iu khin bi thanh ghi : PR2 T2CON CCPR1L,CCPR2L CCP1CON,CCP2CON

S khi b PWM v dng sng iu ch rng xung ng ra CCP1

u tin ,xung ng ra CCP1 mc cao,Timer 2 s bt u m t khng , n khi gi tr timer2 = gi tr ca CCPR1L th xung xung mc thp ,n gi tr ca PR2 th bt ln mc cao v xa thanh ghi TMR2 Nh vy rng xung do gi tr CCPR1L quyt nh , tn s ti a ca xung do PR2 v Prescaler iu khin Cng thc tnh chu k ca xung PWM : PWM Period =(PR2 +1 )* 4*TOSC *(TMR2 Prescale Value)

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 TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

B chia Prescaler iu khin bi 2 bit T2CKPS0,T2CKPS1 V d : Nu ta mun xung PWM c tn s 1kHZ chu k = 1/60 s Vi chu k my (Tosc) = 1/Fosc = 1/4MHZ= 0.25us Ta chn Prescaler = 4 Theo cng thc => PR2 = 249 on code khi to module PWM vi tn s 1khz , duty cycle = 50% // cau hinh timer 2 T2CON = 1; TMR2ON = 1 ; PR2 = 249; CCP1CON = 0x0c; // cau hinh CCP1 la PWM CCP2CON = 0; CCPR1L= 125; CCPR2L=0 ; // tat CCP2 // set duty cho CCP1 // prescaler = 1:4 / /bat timer2

VI.

S NGUYN L MCH:

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 TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

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MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

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 TI LOGIC KH TRNH

MINH TRIT-MINH TIN- HNG H KHA 2008

VII.

HNH NH MCH THC T:

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