TM 31-200-1 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY TECHNICAL MANUAL UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE DEVICES AND TECHNIQUES REFERENCES HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY APRIL 1966TM 91-200-1 ‘Trewwreat. Mantal HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No, 31-200-1 Wasniatox, D.C, 5 April 1966 Unconventional Warfare Devices and Techniques REFERENCES Secon Page rraawver.0% 2 Cuarren 00, INCENDIARY SYSTEMS Inniters a “ Tneendivies sects u Delay Mechanisms « Eocene 6 2 Spontanceue, Combicion m0 10, EXPLOSIVES Inititors = uu Vow Fxplosver ss: Rn ® Primary High Explosives Bo Secondary High Explosives «.. uo ‘Technique end Precautions ere Gas and Dust Explosives ar) Basie Demolition Techniques a 8 Demolition Charges 2 8 Fises ceeeceeeeneenee 3 @ Furs | a 8 Firing Devices en Finng Seatehes mom Boobytrape 18 Mines esos. yt) ‘Other Expisaive Urdnance 1m 30, SMALL ARMS Weapons 2 18 Ammunition 3 1m 40. HARMFUL ADDITIVES-CHEMICAL MATERIALS Abrasive Materials .. 2 te Clogging Materials 3a 18s vox ms ‘TAO tee 1INTRODUCTION This manual is oue of « series now being published, primarily for US. ‘Army Special Forees, that deals with subjects pertaining to destructive techniques and their applications to tangets in guerrilla and unconven- tional warfare. Unconventional Warfare Deviees and Techniques manuals present the principles of construction and methods of use of Uevives sud levtmiyues Uial are proven reliable and effective, Uncun ventional Warfare Target manuals identify critical components of selected targets and describes techniques for destruction of the tarzet using applicable devices and techniques, This manual on references to unconventional warfare devices and techniques contains more than 400 abstracts ou dhe subject. Doth classified sid unclamsified ssauals are published in the series ‘This technical manual in written to serve two groups of Special Forces readers. First, it is designed to assist research and development. per- sonnel by collecting in one place abstracts of new and existing informa- lon dealing with the subject, As a survey of wnat Nas Deen accomplisied in the past, it ean assist in avoiding duplications of effort. Second, it furnishes information to the men in the field. ‘The collection of ideas may themselves have applications end, more important, can act as thought-starters to help apply a technique or device to a new situation, Yo serve these purposes best, the abstracts that make up this manual, fare written in what is called the informative style. ‘That is, they are self-enfisiont ‘They ara earofully aompiled and illuetratad ta give enough details for the reader to understand the purposes, tests, and results of the particular subject matter. The source report will be required only ‘when an in-depth study is plenned. ‘Ihe report or document irom which the abstract was prepared is eited for this purpose ‘Tho references in thio manual are grouped inte the following Gv chapters: 00. Incendiary Systems 10. Explosives 20. Applications of Explosives 20. Small Arie 40, Harmful Additives—Chemical Materia Each chapter is subdivided according to this numbering convention Chapter No. Sequential Section No. Sequenciat Abscruct No 00-01 2 ‘Taco Hann‘This numbenng system was selected to make location ot material con- venient for the reader, once he has become familiar with the arrange- ment For the eame reasan, name of item, description (an illustration is included when useful), comments (on tests and effectiveness), and source reference. The references selected for inclusion in this manual resulted from a comprehensive search of the availuble literature. The collection in this eres 1s Detlevea 10 cover che bulk of the pertinent subject mavter. ‘Those subjects not yet fully covered will be treated in a future manual {classified or unclassified). Rneineering judgement. was applied under Comments when firstchand knowledge of test data or reliability of an item was lacking. In ease of question, the original reference must be eonsulted. ih ghetrant jg written in a form farmat. It is anticipated that this manual will be revised or changed from tie w time, Tu dais way Io will be possible w upave present material and add new devices and techniques as they become available, In addi- tion to the chanter on Harmful Additives—Chemical Materials. it is planned io include a chapter on Harmful Additives—Biological Mate- rinls as well. Comments are welcome and the submission of new infor- ‘mation for a subsequent edition 1s encouraged, Address informacion wo Commanding Officer, US, Army, Frankford Arsenal, SMUFA-U3200, wlelphia, Pa, 19137 ‘Tago wae aCHAPTER 00. INCENDIARY SYSTEMS Section 01. IGNITERS SUGAR—SODIUM PEROXIDE IGNITER o1-1 Description: This igniter is x mixture of equal quantities of sodium peroxide and granulated sugar. It is used to ignite incendiaries and Feadily flammable material such as rags, dry paper, dry hay, or the combustible vapor abuve liquid fuels. Tv can be initiated Dy a Tuse cord, concentrated sulfuric acid, or water. Commonte: ‘Thia material was tested, 10 is effective. Caution: This mixture conditions of high humidity ar whan watted by dropo of water or perspiration. The mixture should not be stored for longer than three days, as decomposition may occur and cause spontaneous combustion. Reference: TM 31-201-1, Unconventional Warfare Devices and ‘Tecluiiques, pura 0203. ALUMINUM POWDER—SODIUM PEROXIDE IGNITER on Description: This igniter is « mixture of equal quantities of sodium peroxide and aluminum powder. It is used to ignite incendiaries and Feadily Haromable material such as rags, dry paper, dry hay, or the combustible vapor above liquid fuels, Tt ean be initiated by a fuse cord, concentrated wilfurie acid, or water, Comment: This material was tested. It is effective, Cautions This mixture is unstable and may ignite under conditions of high humidity or when wet by drops of water of perspiration. The mixture should not be stored for longer than three days, as decomposition may occur and cause spontaneous combustion. Keference: TM 31-201-1, Unconventional Warfare Devices and Techniques, para 0204, SUGAR—CHLORATE IGNITER os Descrivtion: The igniter in a mixture of oqval quantition of granulated sugar and potassium chlorate or granulated sugar and sodium chlorate, Initiation by fuse cord is recommended. ‘This mixture is used to ignite 4 ‘Tago womlong-buming chemical incendiaries or readily flammable material, such ‘ss rage, dry paper, dry hay, or the combustible vapor above liquid fuels. Comments: This material was tested. Tt is effective Caution: Although this mixture looks like granulated ‘sugar, it is poisonous and must not be eaten. Reference: TM 31-201-1, Unconventional Warfare Devices and Techniques, para 0201. FIRE FUDGE IGNITER ons Deseription: This igniter is « salution nf granulated sugar (1 part) and potassium chlorate (2 parts) in hot water (1 part). Tt ean be poured into molds, and solidifies when cooled to room temperature. Tt resembles ‘white sugar fudge and has a smooth, hard surface. ‘1nis mixture 18 used to ignite incendiaries and readily flammable material such as rags, dry paper, dry hay. or the combustible vapor area shave Tiqnid "Thi ‘igniter can be initiated by a fuse cord or concentrated sulfuric acid. Commente: This material was tested. It i effective Caution: Although this mixture resembles fudge, it is poisonous and must not be eaten Reference: TM 31-201-1, Unconventional Warfare Devices and ‘Techniques, para 0202. IONITER FROM BOOK MATCHES os, Descriotion: This device is a hich heat igniter mavie from a book of naper matches. The matches are first separated from the eover and one row is, folded and taped. The cover is then shaped into tube with the striking surface on the inside, The striking end is taped and the opposite end left open for inserting the packet of matches. The matches and cover fare arranged ov that Ue aliihing susface ourapes mysiunl aud ignites die matches as the cover is pulled away. In practice, only the matches are fastened to the incendiary, leaving the caver free ta act. aa a pl tah Comment: This item was tested. It is effective, Reference: TM 31-210, Improvised Munitions, sec V, No. 2. ‘7A00 woo 5