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Bai Bao Cao
Bai Bao Cao
..
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
LI NI U
Ngy nay vic ng dng k thut truyn s liu rt quan trng vi cuc sng
con ngi, cuc sng ngy nay cng ngy cng pht trin i hi cc nh truyn
thng phi c mt ng truyn ln m bo d liu khng b tc nghn hay b
mt v mt l do no . i su vo tm hiu r hn v k thut truyn s liu
nhm sinh vin chng em chn ti Tm Hiu k thut chuyn mch gi
dng giao thc X.25. K thut ny cho php chng ta c th truyn gi tin d
liu theo mc ch s dng ca chng ta
Mc d ht sc c gng, xong do kh nng c hn, nn bi n ca em
chc chn cn nhiu thiu xt, em rt mong c s ch bo thm ca cc thy c.
Em xin chn thnh cm n c Phm Th Qunh Trang cng nh cc thy c
trong khoa in t tn tnh gip trong sut thi gian chng em thc hin
n.
Sinh vin thc hin:
V Quc Ton
Nguyn Hu Tnh
Nguyn Tin Tng
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
Trang
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
Khoa in T
Gi
D liu
2Mbps
VC,PVC
X.25
X.75
X.25 trong mng di ng
C h tr
in T 2-K3
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
in T 2-K3
12345678
C
F
01111110
Khoa in T
12345678 12345678
a ch
A
8 bits
iu
khin
C
16
bits
16 ti
1
12345678
FCS
FCS
16
bit
s
F
01111110
in T 2-K3
Th t
bit phi
12345678
12345678
12345678
a ch
iu khin
F
0111111
0
Th t bit
phi
8 bits
16 bits
a ch
01111110
Th t bit
phi
12345678
12345678
8 bits
12345678
a ch
01111110
8 bits
12345678
FCS
Thng
tin
INFO
12345678
16 ti 1
N
bits
1 ti 16 ti
*)
1
iu
FCS
khin
C
FCS
*)
bit
s
16
bit
s
1 n 16 ti
*)
1
iu
FCS
khin
C
FCS
*)
bit
s
16
bit
s
FCS
F
16
bit
s
01111110
12345678
C
F
01111110
12345678
C
F
01111110
in T 2-K3
Giao thc LAPB xc nh mt kiu khung chnh thng c dng chuyn tin
theo giao thc LAPB v chuyn tin theo giao thc cp cao hn.Kiu khung ny
c xc nh trng iu khin. Bng 6.1 trnh by cc loi trng iu khin
hp thc LAPB. Tu theo phng thc LAPB a ra c hai dng khc nhau
ca cc kiu khung. Cc chc nng khung vn gi nguyn, ch cc chc nng
c a ra mi c m t bng ny.
Th thc
Chuyn
tin
Lnh
p ng
I (Tin)
M ho
0
RR (sn
RR (sn
sng thu)
sng thu)
RNR (cha RNR (cha
Gim st
sn sng thu) sn sng thu)
REJ (khng REJ (khng
chp nhn) chp nhn)
SABM (thit
lp phng
thc cn
...
bng khng
ng b)
DISC Ct
tuyn ni
...
(gii to)
Khng
DM (phng
nh s
thc khng
u ni)
UA (xc
nhn khng
nh s
FRMR
(khng chp
nhn khung
N(S)
N(R)
P/F
N/R
P/F
N/R
P/F
N/R
1.......1.......1.......1
1....0....0
1.......1.......0.......0
0....1....0
0....0....0
1....1....0
0....0....1
1.......0.......0.......0
1.......0.......1.......0
1.......0.......0.......1
1.......1.......1.......1
1.......1.......0.......0
1.......1.......1.......0
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
in T 2-K3
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
V(S)
C/R V(R)
19
20
21
22
23
24
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
in T 2-K3
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
LCN
PTI
Phn cn li ca gi
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
nhn dng cho tng cuc gi o ring bit. Byte th ba l cm nhn dng kiu gi
(PTI), n nh ra chc nng ca gi.
2.4.2. Cc kiu gi cp mng
Cc gi thit lp v xo cuc gi
Gi gi vo v yu cu gi dng yu cu thit lp mt cuc gi o gia DXE
pht gi ny v DXE thu gi ny. Gi ch cuc gi c u ni hay cuc gi
c tip nhn c dng tr li cho gi yu cu gi hoc gi ch cuc gi vo
ch th rng cuc th ni c tip nhn v by gi cuc gi c tin hnh.
Gi yu cu gii to v biu th gii to c dng hoc kt thc mt tuyn ni
ang lm vic hoc t chi mt yu cu thit lp gi (tc l tr li cho gi
yu cu gi hoc gi vo).
Gi xc nhn gii to dng xc nhn rng thu c gi ch th gii to trc
hoc gi yu cu gii to.
Cc gi s liu v ngt
Gi s liu c dng chuyn s liu cho giao thc cp cao hn gia hai DXE
u ni vi nhau bi cuc gi o. Gi ngt c dng chuyn mt phn nh s
liu (ti a 32 bytes) gia hai DXE vi u tin rt cao. Gi ngt c kh nng
nhy qua cc gi s liu v khng ph thuc vo s iu khin lu lng cp
mng.
Gi xc nhn ngt c dng xc nh vic thu mt gi ngt. Ch c th c mt
gi ngt khng c xc nhn bt k ln no.
Cc gi iu khin lung v ti lp
Cc gi RR v RNR c dng xc nhn vic thu cc gi s liu. S dng gi
RR khi my thu c th thu thm cc gi s liu. Gi RNR c s dng khi my
thu tm thi b bn v khng th thu thm s liu.
Gi REJ c th c DTE s dng yu cu chuyn cc gi s liu. Dch v
REJ khng cn thit b tr tt c cc DCE v thc t n khng cn cho thao tc
chun xc ca nghi thc. S dng gi REJ c ng l mt gi s liu thu c
chun xc bi cp tuyn s liu b DTE lm mt v l do no , c th do n b
y ra khi vng nh m dnh cho gi tin thu c.
Gi ch th ti lp/yu cu ti lp dng chuyn cuc gi o v trng thi trc
ca n khi cuc gi c thit lp lc ban u. Ton b cc vic cha gii quyt
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
T DTE ti DCE
Byte 3
Cc bit
8.....7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
in T 2-K3
Xc nhn ti lp DCE
Ch th ti khi ng
Xc nhn ti khi ng
DCE
Phn on
Xc nhn ng k
128)
Yu cu ti lp
0.....0.....0.....1.....1.....1......1......1
Xc nhn ti lp
DTE
Ti khi ng
Yu cu ti khi ng
1.....1.....1.....1.....1.....0......1......1
Xc nhn ti khi
1.....1.....1.....1.....1.....1......1......1
ng DTE
Phn on
1.....1.....1.....1.....0.....0......0......1
ng k
1.....1.....1.....1.....0.....0......1......1
Yu cu ng k
1.....1.....1.....1.....0.....1......1......1
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
H thng a ch dy module 8
H thng a ch dy module 128
Gc gii to, iu khin H thng a ch dy module 8
lung, ngt, ti lp, ti
khi ng ng k v phn H thng a ch dy module 128
on
H thng a ch dy module 8
Cc gi s liu
H thng a ch dy module 128
M rng nhn dng khun mu thng thng
Cc gi thit lp gi
Khoa in T
8
0
0
0
Byte 1
Cc bit
7 6
0 0
0 1
0 0
5
1
0
1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
in T 2-K3
Li th tc ti ch
mng
Mng lm vic
Xc nhn ng k/
xo
Cc bit
8......7......6......5......4......3......2......1
0......0......0......0......0......0......0......0
0......0......0......0......0......0......1......1
0......0......0......0......0......1......1......1
0......1......1......1......1......1......1......1
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
1
2
3
4
5
Cc bit
8......7......6......5......4......3......2......1
Nhn dng khun mu
......0......0......0......0
chung
0......0......0......0......0......0......0......0
Nhn dng kiu gi
1......1......1......1......1......0......1......1
Nguyn nhn ti khi ng
M phn on li
a) Gi ch th ti khi ng / gi yu cu khi ng
Cc bit
8......7......6......5......4......3......2......1
Cc byte
1
2
3
Khoa in T
Cc bit
8......7......6......5......4......3......2......1
in T 2-K3
1
2
3
4
5
in T 2-K3
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
Trng cui cng ca gi l trng s liu thu bao ca cuc gi (CUD). Trng
ny cha cc s liu tu chn, n c truyn dn khng bin i gia DCX ch
gi v b gi. cc gi gi vo thng thng/cc gi yu cu gi trng CUD di
16 byte l ti a. Nu dch v "chn nhanh" c s dng th trng ny c th
di ti 128 bytes. Dch v chn nhanh l mt trong cc dch v c th c trong
trng dch v ca gi.
Trng CUD c th c dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau tu theo ng dng.
Mt ng dng chung l cung cp kh nng to lp a ch m rng khi mt
phn ca tuyn gi bao gm cc mng khng dng X.25.
Nu cuc gi c pha thu gi gi vo/gi yu cu gi chp nhn th mt gi ch
th cuc gi c u ni/cuc gi c tip nhn c pht tr li. Hnh 6.12 m
t th thc ca gi ch th cuc gi c u ni/cuc gi c tip nhn. Lu l
c hai dng gi u ni gi/tip nhn gi. Th thc thng thng c th cha cc
i l 3 bytes v khng c trng s liu thu bao b gi. Th thc m rng c t
nht 5 bytes (nu khng c a ch v cc dch v th chiu di dch v v a ch
vn phi c) v c th cha trng s liu thu bao b gi nu gi gi vo/gi yu
cu gi quy nh s dng dch v chn nhanh.
1
2
Cc bit
8......7......6......5......4......3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc a ch nhm knh
chung
logic
a ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
3
Cc byte
4
0......0......0......0......1......0......1......1
di a ch DTE di a ch DTE b
ch gi
gi
(Cc) a ch DTE
5
0......0......0......0.........
Chiu di dch v
Cc dch v
S liu thu bao b gi
Hnh 6.12 Gi ch cuc gi c u ni/c tip nhn
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
1
2
Cc bit
8......7......6......5......4......3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc a ch nhm knh
chung
logic
a ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
3
Cc byte
4
5
6
0......0......0......1......0......0......1......0
Nguyn nhn gi to
M phn on li
Chiu di a ch
Chiu di a ch
DTE ch gi
DTE b gi
(Cc) a ch DTE
0......0......0......0..........
Chiu di dch v
Cc dch v
S liu thu bao xo
in T 2-K3
DCE pht cho mt DTE v n ch c dng lin quan ti dch v. "thng tin tnh
cc". khc cc dch v tu chn.
Cc bit
8......7......6......5......4......3......2......1
0......0......0......0......0......0......0......0
x......x......x......x......x......x......x......x
0......0......0......0......0......0......0......0
0......0......0......0......1......0......0......1
0......0......0......1......0......0......0......1
0......0......0......1......1......0......0......1
0......0......1......0......0......0......0......1
0......0......1......1......1......0......0......1
0......0......0......0......0......0......1......1
0......0......0......0......1......0......1......1
0......0......0......1......0......0......1......1
0......0......0......0......0......1......0......1
0......0......0......0......1......1......0......1
0......0......0......1......0......1......0......1
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
Cc byte
1
2
3
Cc byte
1
2
3
4
Cc bit
8......7......6......5......4......3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc
chung
a ch nhm knh logic
Q......D......1......1
P(R)
M
(P)S
S liu thu bao
Cc bit
8......7......6......5......4......3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc
chung
a ch nhm knh logic
Q......D......1......0.....
a ch knh logic
P(S)
0
P(R)
M
S liu thu bao
(Khi m rng module ti 128)
D: Bt xc nhn phn pht;
Q: Bt nh tiu chun
M: Bt tng thm s liu
Hnh 6.16. Gi s liu
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
Cc byte
1
2
3
Cc bit
8.....7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc
i ch nhm knh
chung
logic
0.....0.....0.....1
i ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
P(R)
0.....0.....0.....0......1
(Module 8)
1
Cc byte
2
Cc bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc
i ch nhm knh
chung
logic
0.....0.....1.....0....
i ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
3
4
Khoa in T
0.....0.....0.....0.....0.....0......0......1
P(R)
D
in T 2-K3
a) Gi RR
Cc byte
1
2
3
1
Cc byte
2
Cc bit
8.....7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc
i ch nhm knh
chung
logic
0.....0.....0.....1
i ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
P(R)
0.....0.....1.....0......1
Cc bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc
i ch nhm knh
chung
logic
0.....0.....1.....0....
i ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
3
4
0.....0.....0.....0.....0.....1......0......1
P(R)
D
1
Cc byte
2
3
Khoa in T
Cc bit
8.....7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc
i ch nhm knh
chung
logic
0.....0.....0.....1
i ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
P(R)
0......1......0......0......1
in T 2-K3
a) Module 8
1
Cc byte
2
Cc bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
Nhn dng th
i ch nhm knh
thc chung
logic
0.....0.....0.....1...
i ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
3
0.....0.....0.....0.....1.....0......0......1
P(R)
D
b) Module m rng 128
Hnh 6.18. Gi REJ
1
Cc byte
Cc bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc i ch nhm knh
chung
logic
i ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
3
4
0.....0.....1.....0.....0.....0......1......1
S liu thu ngt
a) Gi ngt
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
Cc bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc
i ch nhm knh
chung
logic
i ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
1
Cc byte
2
3
0.....0.....1.....0.....0.....1......1......1
b) Gi xc nhn ngt
Hnh 6.19. M t th thc cc gi mgt v xc nhn ngt
Cc bt
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
0.....0.....0.....0.....0.....0......0......0
1.....x.....x.....x.....x.....x......x......x
0.....0.....0.....0.....0.....0......0......1
0.....0.....0.....0.....0.....0......1......1
0.....0.....0.....0.....0.....1......0......1
0.....0.....0.....0.....0.....1......1......1
0.....0.....0.....0.....1.....0......0......1
0.....0.....0.....0.....1.....1......1......1
0.....0.....0.....1.....0.....0......0......1
0.....0.....0.....1.....1.....1......0......1
Cc bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc i ch nhm knh
chung
logic
i ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
3
4
Khoa in T
0.....0.....0.....1.....1.....0......1......1
L do ti lp
in T 2-K3
M on li
a) Gi ch th ti lp 1 yu cu ti lp
1
Cc byte
Cc bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc i ch nhm knh
chung
logic
i ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
3
0.....0.....0.....1.....1.....1......1......1
b) Gi xc nhn ti lp
Hnh 6.20
Cc byte
1
Khoa in T
Cc bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc
0.....0......0......0
chung
in T 2-K3
i ch knh logic
Nhn dng kiu gi
3
1.....1.....1.....1.....0.....0......1......1
Chiu di a ch DTE
Chiu di a ch DCE
a ch DCE v DTE
0.....0......0......0
Chiu di ng k
ng k
a) Gi yu cu ng k
1
2
Cc bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
Nhn dng th thc
0.....0......0......0
chung
0......0.....0.....0.....0.....0......0......0
Nhn dng kiu gi
3
Cc byte
4
5
1.....1.....1.....1.....0.....1......1......1
Nguyn nhn
Phn on
Chiu di
Chiu di a ch
a ch
DCE
DTE
a ch DCE v DTE
0.....0......0......0
Chiu di ng k
ng k
b) Gi xc nhn ng k
Hnh 6.21. Gi yu cu v xc nhn ng k
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
Cc byte
0
1
Cc bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
0......0.....x.....x.....x.....x......x......x
Trng tham s dch v/ ng k
Loi A
Cc byte
0
1
2
Bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
0......1.....x.....x.....x.....x......x......x
Dch v/ ng k
Trng tham s
Loi B
0
1
2
3
Cc byte
Bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
1......0.....x.....x.....x.....x......x......x
Trng tham s dch v/ ng k
Loi C
Cc byte
0
1
2
Bit
8......7.....6.....5.....4.....3......2......1
1......1.....x.....x.....x.....x......x......x
Chiu di trng tham s dch v ng k
Trng tham s dch v ng k
Loi C
in T 2-K3
Byte u tin sau trng m dch v l chiu di ca trng tham s (ch s byte).
N nhiu hn s lng byte cn gi phn m rng ca a ch. Byte u tin
ca trng tham s c chia thnh hai vng. Cc bit t 1 ti 6 ch th s lng
ch s phn m rng a ch (mi ch s i hi 4 bit). Bit 7 v 8 m ho kiu
s dng phn m rng a ch nh sau:
Bit 8 Bit 7 S dng m rng a ch b gi
0 0 chuyn i ton b a ch OSINSAP b gi
0 1 chuyn i mt phn a ch OSINSAP b gi
1 0 Ch th khng chuyn i phn m rng a ch OSI b gi
1 1 D tr
S lng cc i cc ch s cho php l gia 32 v 40 tu thuc vo iu lin
quan ti nh chiu di hp l ti a ca a ch OSINSAP (CCITT v ISO bt
ng). Ch s a ch m rng c ghp vo trng tham s ging nh cc a
ch DTE.
M rng a ch ch gi
iu ny ging ht cu trc dch v trc, loi tr ton b cc t "b gi" c
chuyn thnh "ch gi".
u tnh cc v chn nhanh
Dch v ny c mt trng tham s 1 byte. Cc bit trng tham s i hi tu
theo vic s dng dch v. Chng c xc nh nh sau:
Th t bit Dch v yu cu
1 o tnh cc. Nu mng ang dng tnh cc cho ch gi (tc PSS), khi o
tnh cc cc c tnh cho DXE b gi thay v cho DXE ch gi.
7 Hn ch tr li. Ch tr li khi bit ny c thit lp xo cuc gi.
8 Chn nhanh. N xc nh trng s liu m rng ca thu bao ch gi v trng
s liu ca thu bao xa c hiu lc s dng.
Tt c cc bit khc trong byte ny cn lp "O" v chng c th c phn phi cho
cc dch v mi trong tng lai ca nghi thc ny.
Thu xp kch c gi
Byte u ca trng tham s ny l kch c ti a ca cc gi s liu t DXE b
gi, cn byte th 2 l kch c ti a ca cc gi s liu t DXE ch gi. Cc tr s
c th c ca trng ny l:
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
00000100 = 16 bytes
00000101 = 32 bytes
00000110 = 64 bytes
00000111 = 128 bytes
00001000 = 256 bytes
00001001 = 512 bytes
00001010 = 1024 bytes
00001011 = 2048 bytes
00001100 = 4096 bytes
Nu mt cuc u ni c tham s ny trng dch v ca n th DXE ch gi
yu cu s dng kch c gi ti a c ch ra. DXE b gi c th xem xt cc gi
tr ny nh chuyn v cc phn t dch v theo gi u ni/tip nhn cuc gi
(nu cuc gi c th c tip nhn). Nu n chp nhn cc gi tr yu cu th
n s chuyn v cc gi tr ging th. Nu khng th n c th thu xp mt gi tr
gim ti mt kch c m n c th qun l c. Lu l n khng th tng gi tr
ny loi tr trng hp c bit.
Tt c cc khon b sung cn c kh nng tr gip cho mt kch c gi 128 bytes,
ch yu ch c th tr gip cho kch c gi ny. Nu yu cu to lp kch c gi
cc i t hn 128 bytes th DXE b gi c php tr li theo gi tr dnh cho 128
bytes. Nu gi u ni/tip nhn gi khng bao hm mt p ng cho cuc th gi
v s tho thun kch c gi, th iu ny hm l DXE b gi c th chp nhn
kch c gi theo yu cu. Mc d dch v ny cho php cc kch c gi khc nhau
c th thu xp theo mi hng nhng thng thng th hai kch c gi ny l nh
nhau.
Kch c ca s
Tham s ny rt ging tham s trc. Byte u ca trng tham s ny l kch c
ca s cho gi s liu t DXE b gi. Byte th hai l kch c ca s cc gi s liu
t DXE ch gi.
Khi s dng h thng a ch dy thng thng th kch c ca s c th t 1 ti 7.
Cn i vi h thng a ch dy m rng th kch c ca s c th trong phm vi
t 1 n 127.
H thng tho thun i vi tham s ny cng nhiu nh i vi kch c gi.
Ngoi ra DXE b gi ch c th chp thun gi tr nh th hoc t hn loi tr
trng hp khi kch c ca s l 1 yu cu. Tt c cc iu b sung cn chp
thun cho kch c ca s l 2 nhng khng cn thit cho 1. Giao thc ny cho
php DXE b gi chuyn v gi tr 2 tr li cho s yu cu c gi tr 1 nu n
khng chp nhn kch c ca s .
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3
Khoa in T
in T 2-K3