Thit k h thng tuyn quang IM- DD

1) Trnh t thit k : -) Chn tuyn -) Chn cp quang -) Chn thit b -) Tnh ton chiu di cc i cho php -) Tnh ton v kim tra thi gian tng sun xung -)Kim tra t s li bt Mnh s trnh by c th tng phn bn thy c quy trnh thit k tuyn . 6 bc trn th 3 bc u tin ph thuc rt nhiu vo tuyn cn thit k , a hnh , v kinh nghim la chn thit b ca ngi thit k . Cn 3 Phn sau l phn tnh ton c th m sinh vin cn nm chc 1.1)Chn tuyn :Chn tuyn phi p ng , tho mn cc yu cu . -)Tuyn ngn nht c th -) Tuyn phi thun tin cho vic thi cng , xy dng , duy tu , bo dng , khai thc v ng cu thng tin ( Hnh lang ng b , ng st) -) Trnh m ly , ao h , khu dn c , kin trc ln -) Trnh cc cng trnh ngm -) Chn tuyn : phi da trn bn hnh chnh , a hnh v s liu iu tra , kho st 1.2)Chn Cp : *) Chn si : v y l h thng IM- DD thng thng , ko s dng khuch i quang si ; ko s dung cng ngh ghp knh quang theo bc sng ==> chn loi si quang n mod silica chun hin nay l : loi NDSF ( c th l SMF - 28 ) . Loi si ny c h s tn sc bng 0 nm trong vng bc sng 1310nm . Nhng n li gy tn sc kh ln vi buc sng 1550nm v cn c b tn sc (khong 17 PS/nm/KM) *) Chn s lng si quang : y ta ch chn 1 si quang truyn n hng *) Cc thng s si : +)Bc sng cng tc :1550nm ( ch b tn sc 17PS/nm/ Km cho si chn ) +)Suy hao ring ca si : bc sng 1550nm theo khuyn ngh ta c suy hao ring ca si SMF- 28 l : al_pha = 0,2 db/Km +) H s tn sc ca loi si ny theo khuyn ngh = 20PS /nm/km +) Chiu di ch to si : L0 = 3Km 1.3 )Chn thit b : Trong h thng ny ta chn 4 loi thit b : -) u cui :TE -) Thit b xen tch knh :ADM -) Trm lp : RG -) u ni cho s : DXC **) Cc thng s s dng thay th :

a) Pht : +)Cng sut pht trung bnh t = 5 Dbm +) rng ph :y l Laser ln c rng ph chn l Del_ta Lam_da = 0,2 nm +) Thi gian tng sn xung :ToS = 0,8ns b) Bn thu : nhy my thu : = - 40 dbm +)Thi gian tng sn xung ca phtit :tnh ton da vo t C v in tr ti +) H s khuch i :M= 1 (v ta chn PIN ) +) Tr ti : Rc = 50 Ohm ; C = 1 PF 1.4 Xc nh chiu di ln nht ca khong lp :C l phn ny l phn quan trng nht ca ngi thit k . V thit b c th c la chn trc v yu cu lp t tuyn , nu bi ton l nh vy th phn ny s quyt nh xem tuyn c hot ng oc hay ko v cht lng ca tuyn s nh th no . V tr ca cc trm , chiu di v khong cch cc trm ra sao ( st u) l do phn tnh ton ny m nhim -) Do yu cu thit k tuyn ( c th y th tuyn ca bn yu cu l L tt = 150KM) . ==> tuyn c th hot ng th bn cn t cc trm lp xen gia tuyn b phn suy hao v tn sc trong qu trnh thng tin truyn trong si quang . -)Trong cc h thng thng tin quang th 3 vn quan trng cn phi tnh n l : suy hao ; tc sc v cc hiu ng phi tuyn ( hiu ng phi tuyn ch tnh n i vi cc h thng ghp knh quang theo bc sng WDM ) ==> Vi tuyn quang ca bn ko c WDM nn ko cn ch n phi tuyn na . Trong th suy hao s nh hng n c ly thng tin ; cn tc sc th va nh hng n c ly thng tin li va nh hng n tc truyn dn a) Xc inh chiu di cc i gii hn bi qu cng sut ( qu suy hao )

-) Qu suy hao ln nht :S-> R l :Amax = Af +Ac + As +Am Trong :Af : l suy hao si quang chn trn Ac : Suy hao mi ni ( c 2 b ghp ni bn thu v pht ) As :suy hao do mi hn ( ch n vic tnh ton s lng mi hn trn ton tuyn , n ph thuc vo Ltt v L0 ca si quang ) Thay vo cng thc cn bng cng sut : Pr = Pt - A max ta c cng thc tnh chiu di cc i gii hn bi qu cng sut l : L1max = {Pt - Pr - 2 Ac0 - As0 ( Ltt/L0 - 1 ) - ( 0,1 .Ltt +3 ) } / Lam_da Ch Lam_da chn phn chn si = 0, 2 db/Km b) Xc nh chiu di cc i gii hn bi tc sc :L2max Tc sc si ph thuc vo rng bng tn soi quang WBf ta c : WBf = 0,441 /T ;

Vi T : tn x si quang = D. Del_ta lam_da . L tho mn yu cu v tn sc th ta phi c : WBf > WBtn hiu trong WBtn hiu ph thuc vo m ng in :NRZ hay l RZ +) WBtn hiu ca m RZ = BR +) WBtisn hiu ca NRZ = BR /2 ==> 0,441 / T >= WBtn hiu ==) 0,441 / D.Delta_lamda .L >= WBtn hiu ==> L <= 0,441 / D. Deta_lamDa . WB tn hiu Vy L2max = 0,441 / D.Delta_lamda .WB tn hiu C) Chiu di cc i ca khong lp :Lmax Nh trn xt n chiu di cc i ca khong lp b gii hn bi qu suy hao v tn sc == >Vif trong h thng IM- DD th tn ti c 2 vn suy hao v tn sc ln chiu di cc i ca khong lp Lmax phi tho mn c 2 gii hn trn ==> Lmax = Min { L1max ;L2max} +)Tin hnh so snh Ltt vi Lmax . Nu Lmax >ltt th p ng c yu cu truyn dn Nu Lmax< Ltt th ko p ng c yu cu v cn phi khc phc bng vic chn li c phn t ca tuyn hoc b suy hao bng cch b xung thm trm lp RG 1.5 Thi gian tng sn xung ca h thng . *)Gi T l thi gian tng sn xung ca h thng ta c : T (h thng ) = Cn { T os bnh + T of bnh + T oR bnh ) Trong : T os l thi gian tng sn xung ca ngun quang chn trn : 0,8 ns T of l thi gian tng sn xung ca si T oR l thi gian tng sn xung ca b thu quang Vi T oR = cn { T it bnh + T C bnh } V mch tng ng ca b thu quang l mch tp trung ln ta c T C = 2 ,9 .R .C Vi R v C l phn t tr ti v t it chn trn (R = 50 ohm ; C = 1PF) *) T tn hiu : ph thuc vo m iu ch : Nu l NRZ ==> T tn hiu = 0 ,7 /BR Nu l RZ ==> T tn hiu = 0,35 /BR ==> tin hnh so snhs gia T h thng vi T tn hiu +) Nu T h thng <\= T tn hiu th tho mn iu kin tng sn xung +) Nu T h thng > T tn hiu th cn phi chn li cc phn t c thi gian tng sn xung tho mn 1.6)Tnh ton t s li BER : Cn c vo Cng thc gia t s li BER v t s tn hiu trn nhiu S/N t d ta tnh c BER ca h thng ( ch l S/N y ch ph thuc vo nhiu nhit m thi ) Sau so snh BER h thng vi BER khuyn ngh = 10 m (- 11) +)Nu BER h thng <= 10m (- 11) th tho mn

+) Nu BER h thng > 10 m (-11) th ko tho mn v cn chn li cc tham s bn thu c BER theo yu cu ++> Phn thit k c trnh by song , iu quan trng ca ngi thit k l tnh ton c cc tham s ca tuyn truyn dn nh : chiu di cc i ca trm lp ; t s li BER ; v thi gian tng sun xung , v cc tham s bn thu v pht tuyn hot ng n nh . KHi ko tho mn 1 yu cu no th cn phi ua ra cc gii php nh : thay th thit b ; tng v tr trm ...... Ch : Vi tuyn truyn dn Ltt= 150KM ca bn th trong 3 buc cui th bn ch cn thay s l tm ra cc tham s c th ..

Biu mt hay mu mt (eye pattern) l mt hnh nh cho thy rt r mc mo ca tn hiu s. Khi nim ca n vn tt nh sau: (xt vi tn hiu nh phn cho n gin, khi nim tng t c m rng cho cc tn hiu nhiu mc khc) u ra phn bng gc ca h thng (sau lc thu bng gc, trc ly mu quyt nh bt truyn l 1 hay 0), cc h thng lun c mt im o, t dn tn hiu vo mt oscilloscope. Nu tn s qut ca oscilloscope bng vi tc bt (hay symbol nu l tn hiu nhiu mc) ca tn hiu th trn mn hin th ca oscilloscope, cc tn hiu s ng "dng" li, trng ln nhau. Nu xem tn hiu mc dng l m mt bn trn, tn hiu mc m l m mt bn di, ta s c mt nh nh mt mt ngi m, ci gi l mu mt (eye-pattern). Mu mt vi v s tn hiu i vo oscilloscope th chng ln nhau v cho php chng ta ni v mc mo ca tn hiu v d tr tp m. Gi gi tr nh dng ca tn hiu khng mo l tng l 1 cn gi tr nh m ca tn hiu khng mo l tng l -1 th m mu mt (eye opening) l tng s l (2/2)x100% = 100%, trong trng hp thc t th m mu mt s l khong trng ln nht gia cc ng cong tn hiu m v dng, chia 2 v tnh theo phn trm. Mu mt cng m (s % cng ln) th cht lng tn hiu cng tt. Ngc vi eye opening c gi l closure. Mu mt c gi l cn m nu eye opening cn ln hn 0. Mu mt c gi l ng nu eye opening bng 0, khi d tr tp m bng 0 v chng cn c tp m th h thng c t l li qu ln. Mu mt ch cn nh thi (th d: < 20-30%, ty theo h thng c m chng nhiu hay khng, tn hiu nh phn hay nhiu mc...) th h thng t lin lc. Mu mt c xem l bnh thng, chp nhn c nu > 50%, trong thc t th cn yu cu ln hn na, th d > 75-80%. Chi tit hn na, ti ngh bn c th tm trong v s sch bo hoc hi GS. Nguyn Vn Mng. Th d: