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MODBUS
MODBUS
Vi chun truyn thng va ni ln. Khng v chng c y bi mt nhm ln cc nh cung cp hay mt t chc chun c bit. Cc chun nyging Modbus interfaceni ln v chng tt, n gin thc hin v do c p ng bi cc nh sn xut. V iu ny, Modbus tr thnh chun fieldbus c chp nhn rng ri. Modbus bt ngun trong cui nhng nm 70 th k trc. Nm 1979 khi nh sn xut PLC Modicongi l tp on Schneider Electric's Telemecaniquepht hnh giao din truyn thng Modbus cho mng multidrop da trn kin trc master/client. Truyn thng gia cc Modbus node c c bng cc thng ip. N l mt chun m m c m t bng cu trc thng ip. Tng vt l ca Modbus interface l t do chn la. Modbus interface ban u chy trn RS-232, nhng cc thc hin Modbus sau nht dng RS-485 v n cho php khong cch ln, tc cao v kh nng ca mt mng multidrop thc s. Trong thi gian ngn hng trm nh sn xut thc hin h thng thng ip Modbus trong thit b ca h v Modbus tr thnh chun de facto cho cc mng truyn thng cng nghip. iu tt ca chun Modbus l s linh hot, v s d thc hin ca n. Khng ch cc thit b thng minh nh cc microcontroller, PLC ... c th truyn thng vi Modbus, m cn cc sensor thng minh trang b Modbus interface gi data ca chng n cc host system. Trong khi Modbus c chinh chnh trc y trn cc ng truyn thng dy dn, cng c cc m rng cho cc chun truyn thng khng dy v cc mng TCP/IP.
Mi thng ip Modbus c cng cu trc. Bn thnh phn c bn c mt trong mi thng ip. Cui cc thnh phn ny l ging nhau cho tt c thng ip, lm n d dng phn gii ni dung ca Modbus message. Mt hi thoi lun c bt u bi mt master trong mng Modbus. Modbus master gi mt message vph thuc vo ni dung ca messageslave tc ng v p ng vi n. C th c nhiu master trong mt Modbus network. a ch trong message header c dng nh ngha device m s p ng vi message. Tt c cc node trong Modbus network b qua message nu address field khng tha mn address ring ca chng. Cu trc Modbus message M t a ch ca receiver M nh ngha kiu message Data block vi thng tin ph Gi tr s kim tra kim tra li truyn thng
K t Error check Frame start Frame end Cc Gap trong message Start bit Data bits Parity Stop bits
Cc thuc tnh ca Modbus/ASCII v Modbus/RTU Modbus/ASCII Modbus/RTU ASCII 0...9 and A..F Binary 0...255 LRC Longitudinal Redundancy CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check Check character ':' 3.5 chars silence characters CR/LF 3.5 chars silence 1 sec 1 7 even/odd 1 1.5 times char length 1 8 even/odd 1
none 2
none 2
ch ch Modbus
Thng tin u tin trong mi Modbus message l a ch ca receiver. Parameter ny cha mt byte thng tin. Trong Modbus/ASCII n c m thnh hai k t hexadecimal, trong Modbus/RTU mt byte c dng. Cc a ch hp l trong di 0..247. Cc gi tr 1..247 c gn cho cc thit b Modbus c th v 0 c dng nh a ch broadcast. Cc Message c gi sau s c nhn bi tt c slave. Mt slave lun p ng vi mt Modbus message. Khi p ng n dng cng a ch nh master trong request . Theo cch ny master c th thy device thc s p ng vi request. Bn trong mt Modbus device, cc holding register, cc input v cc output c gn mt s gia 1 v 10000. Mt s mong i, rng cng a ch c dng trong cc Modbus message c hay t cc gi tr. Ri thay y khng phi l trng hp ny. Trong cc Modbus message cc a ch c dng vi gi tr gia 0 v 9999. Nu bn mun c gi tr ca output (coil) 18 v d, bn phi ch nh gi tr 17 trong Modbus query message. Nhiu bi ri hn, l cho input v cc holding register mt offset phi c tr t a ch device ly a ch thch hp t vo Modbus message structure. iu ny dn n cc li ph bin v nn c quan tm khi thit k ng dng vi Modbus. Bng sau trnh by cc di a ch cho cc coil, cc input v cc holding register v cch a ch trong Modbus message c tnh ho trc a ch thc ca item trong slave device. Device and Modbus address ranges Device address Modbus address Description 1...10000* address - 1 Coils (outputs) 10001...20000* address - 10001 Inputs 40001...50000* address - 40001 Holding registers * Cc gi tr cc i l ph thuc thit b
Khi nhn mt Modbus query message c chc nng 01, slave thu thp cc gi tr output cn thit v dng mt answer message. Chiu di ca message ny ph thuc vo s cc value m phi c tr v. Nhn chung, khi gi tr N c yu cu, mt s ((N+7) mod 8) byte l cn thit lu cc gi tr ny. S thc s cc databyte trong datablock c t trong byte u tin ca data field. Do cu trcchung ca answer cho Modbus function 01 query l: Cu trc tr li Function 01 Byte Gi tr M t 1 1...247 a ch Slave device 2 1 Function code 3 0...255 S cc data byte N 4...N+3 0...255 Bit pattern ca cc gi tr coil N+4(...N+5) LRC/CRC Gi tr kim tra Error
Byte 1 2 3 4 5 6 7(...8)
Sau khi nhn mt query message c Modbus function 02, slave t cc gi tr input c yu cu trong mt message structure v gi message ny tr li Modbus master. Chiu di ca message ph thuc vo s cc gi tr input tr v. iu ny lm cho chiu di ca output message thay i. S cc databyte trong data field m cha cc gi tr input c chuyn nh byte u tin trong data field. Mi message tr li Modbus c cu trc chung sau. Cu trc tr li Function 02 Value M t 1...247 a ch thit b Slave
Byte 1
2 3 4...N+3 N+4(...N+5)
2 Function code 0...255 S cc data byte N 0...255 Bit pattern of input values LRC/CRC Error check value