Metal and non-metal

‡ Elements can be classified into metals and nonmetals ‡ Iron, aluminium, zinc, copper, lead, tin and gold are example of metals. ‡ Carbon, iodine, bromine, sulphur, phosphorus and chlorine are examples of non-metals. ‡ All metals exist in a solid state at room temperature expect mercury (liquid). ‡ non-metals exist in a solid, liquid or gaseous state at room temperature

The classification of elements

‡ In the periodic table, the elements are arranged in order of increasing proton number. The proton number increases from the left to right and from the top to bottom in periodic table. ‡ Each vertical column is called a group ‡ Each horizontal row is called a period

‡ In periodic table, there are 18 groups numbered from 1 to 18 and 7 periods numbered from 1 to 7 ‡ Group 1 is called alkali metals. ‡ Group 2 is called earth alkali metals ‡ Group 1 and 2 consist of reactive metals.

‡ The elements in group 17 are non-metals called halogens ‡ Group 18 consist of noble(inert) gases which are chemically stable and unreactive. ‡ The elements located between Groups 2 and group 13 ( group 3 to group 12) are transition elements. ‡ Most transition elements are hard and shiny. All transition elements are good conductors of electricity.

Importance of the periodic table

‡ Helps us to study elements in an orderly and systematic approach ‡ Helps us to know the properties of elements easily ‡ Helps us to predict the properties and uses of an elements by referring to the element s location in the Periodic Table.