OFDM: ORTHOGONAL frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a high spectral efficiency transmission scheme.

It divides a wideband signal into many orthogonal Subcarriers and induces a symbol period that is much longer than the bit duration. However, a long symbol period is sensitive to the time-varying channel in wireless Communications. The channel response might change during an OFDM symbol period in a high-mobility environment. Therefore, orthogonality among subcarriers is destroyed; andantes-carrier interference (ICI) occurs [1]-[2].Channel estimation for OFDM systems can be generally partitioned into two categories. The first assumes that the time-varying channel remains unchanged within an OFDM symbol period [3]-[4]. In this case, the channel response within one OFDM symbol period can be simply expressed using a -tuple vector, where is the number of subcarriers in the OFDM. This channel estimation category is called vector channel estimation in this paper. The second category considers the fact that channel response can vary during an OFDM symbol period if a very fast fading channel is considered [2], [5]-[7]. For these methods, the channel response is an -by- matrix and 2 unknowns need to be determined. This is referred to as matrix channel estimation. If the channel response changes smoothly for each path, then the response of each path can be modeled using a linear function within an OFDM symbol; thus the number of unknowns can be reduced [5]-[6]. For the nextgeneration mobile system, vehicular speeds can be as high as 350 km/hr. This implies that the normalized Doppler frequency is very large, where denotes the Doppler frequency and is the OFDM symbol period.