Conceptual Map

LEARNING OUTCOMES
To identify the structure of the human respiratory system; y To identify the structure of the lung; y To describe the process of inhalation & exhalation; y To relate the changes of air pressure in the thoracic cavity to inhalation & exhalation; y To describe the breathing mechanism.
y

The human respiratory system..

y

Provides an area for

Gas exchange (blood
x Taking O2 x Eliminate CO2

environment)

Breathing external respiration

Taking in & letting out of air.

Structure of the Human Respiratory System

Structure of the Human Respiratory System

Nasal cavity Trachea

Bronchus

Bronchiole

Structure of the Human Respiratory System

y y

Nasal cavity dust trapped by the hairs (cilia). Trachea C-shaped rings of cartilage give support &
prevent from collapsing.

y y y y y y y

Bronchus (plural bronchi) Bronchioles smaller tubes of bronchus. Alveolus (plural alveoli) millions of tiny air sacs Lungs = alveoli + bronchioles + blood capillaries Thoracic cavity a space where the lungs are located Ribcage (ribs + intercostal muscles) protect the lungs. Diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen.

Structure of the Human Respiratory System

Adaptation of the alveoli for efficient gas exchange

Large Surface Area

Very Thin Walls

ALVEOLI

Moist Inner Surface

Surrounded by Numerous Blood Capillaries

Structure of alveolus

Mechanism of Human Breathing

Comparison between inhalation & exhalation

INHALATION
Diaphragm muscle contract, flatten out Intercostal muscle contract Ribcage moves upwards, outwards Volume of thoracic cavity increases Air pressure surrounding the lungs decreases Air flows into the lungs

EXHALATION
Diaphragm muscle relax, arches upwards. Intercostal muscle relax Ribcage moves downwards, inwards Volume of thoracic cavity decreases Air pressure surrounding the lungs increases Air flows out of the lungs

Mechanism of Human Breathing

Mastery 1.1
y

Do Formative Exercise 1.1 page 5 (textbook).