S Gio Dc & o To

TP. H CH MINH
Trng THPT Chuyn L Hng Phong

K THI OLYMPIC TRUYN THNG 30/4
LN X - NM 2004
MN HA HC KHI 10
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht
Cu 1.
a) Tm s ht v c phng ra t h phng x
U
238
92
thnh nguyn t X.
Bit rng nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron cui cng c c trng bng 4 s
lng t n = 6, = 1, m = 0,
2
1
s +
; t l gia ht khng mang in v ht mang in
trong ht nhn nguyn t X l 1,5122.
b) Hy cho bit dng hnh hc ca SO
2
v CO
2
. T so snh nhit si v
ha tan trong nc ca chng.
Cu 2.
Cn bng cc phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng electron.
a) C + O
2
CO + CO
2
b) CrI
3
+ Cl
2
+ KOH K
2
CrO
4
+ KIO
4
+ KCl + H
2
O
c) CuFeS
2
+ O
2
Cu
2
S

+ SO
2
+ Fe
2
O
3
d) NaIO
x
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O I
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
e) KClO
4
+ C KCl + CO
Cu 3.
Xt phn ng
O H 3 I 3 H 6 I 5 IO
2 2 3
+ + +
+
Vn tc ca phn ng o 25
0
C c gi tr theo bng sau:
Th nghim [I
-
] (M)
[ ] ( ) M IO
3

[ ]( ) M H
+
Vn tc (mol.l
-1
. s
-1
1 0,010 0,10 0,010 0,60
2 0,040 0,10 0,010 2,40
3 0,010 0,30 0,010 5,40
5 0,010 0,10 0,020 2,40
a) Lp biu thc tnh vn tc ca phn ng.
b) Tnh hng s vn tc ca phn ng v xc nh n v ca hng s tc .
c) Nng lng hot ha ca phn ng E = 84 kJ.mol
-1
25
0
C. Tc phn ng thay i
nh th no nu nng lng hot ha gim i 10 kJ.mol
-1
.
Cu 4.
Cation kim loi M
3+
c tnh axit vi hng s in li axit nc th nht l 5.10
-3.
Tch s tan
ca hidroxit M(OH)
3
l 10
-37
. B qua nc in li axit th hai v th ba ca M
3+
.
a) Hy tnh pH ca dung dch M(NO
3
)
3
0,01M
b) Tnh pH v nng mol ca mui M(NO
3
)
3
bt u xut hin kt ta
M(OH)
3
.
Cu 5.
NOCl b phn hy theo phn ng: 2NOCl (k) 2NO(k) + Cl
2
(k)
Lc u ch c NOCl. Khi cn bng 500
0
K c 27% NOCl b phn hy v p sut tng
cng ca h 1 atm. Hy tnh 500
0
K:
a) K
p
v G
0
ca phn ng.
b) p sut ring phn ca tng cht trong phn ng khi cn bng.
c) Nu h p sut h xung di 1 atm th s phn hy NOCl tng hay gim? V sao?
Cu 6.
Hn hp X gm Al v kim loi M, trong s mol ca M ln hn s mol ca Al. Ha tan
hon ton 1,08 gam hn hp X bng 100 ml dung dch HCl thu c 1,176 lt kh (ktc)
v dung dch Y. Khi cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
d thu c 17,9375
gam kt ta.
a) Tnh nng mol / l ca dung dch HCl dng, bit M c ha tr II trong
mui to thnh.
b) Xc nh M v phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp X.
Ht
S Gio Dc & o To
TP. H CH MINH
Trng THPT Chuyn L Hng Phong

K THI OLYMPIC TRUYN THNG 30/4
LN X - NM 2004
MN HA HC KHI 10
P N
Cu 1.
1. Tm s ht v
Phn mc nng lng cao nht ca X l 6p
2
Z = 82 N =1,5122 .82 = 124
Pb
206
82
Gi x, y ln lt l s ht v sinh ra t s bin i phng x
U
238
92
thnh
Pb
206
82
, ta
c:

'

'

+
+
6 y
8 x
9 2 y x 2 8 2
2 3 8 x 4 2 0 6

2. C trong phn t CO
2
trng thi lai ha sp nn phn t CO
2
c co trc thng,
OCO
= 180
0
. Do phn t CO
2
khng phn cc.
S trong SO
2
trng thi lai ha sp
2
nn trong phn t SO
2
c
OSO
=120
0
. Do phn t
SO
2
phn cc.
So snh: Phn t SO
2
phn cc nn c nhit si cao hn phn t CO
2
khng phn cc.
V nc l dung mi phn cc nn SO
2
d ha tan hn CO
2
do tan ca SO
2
ln hn
CO
2
.
Cu 2. Cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng theo phng php thng bng electron.
1. C + O
2
CO + CO
2
( )
2 2
2
2
4
2
yCO 2 xCO 2 O y 2 x C ) y x ( 2
O 2 e 4 O
y C e 4 C
x C e 2 C
+ + + +
+

+
+
2. CrI
3
+ Cl
2
+ KOH K
2
CrO
4
+ KIO
4
+ KCl + H
2
O
O H 32 KCl 54 KIO 6 CrO K 2 KOH 64 Cl 27 CrI 2
27 Cl 2 e 2 Cl
2 I 3 Cr e 27 CrI
2 4 4 2 2 3
2
7 6
3
+ + + + +
+
+

+ +
3. O Fe SO S Cu O CuFS
2 2 2 2 2
+ + +
3 2 2 2 2 2
2
2
3 4
2 2
O Fe 2 SO 6 S Cu 2 O 9 CuFeS 4
9 O 2 e 4 O
2 Fe 2 S 3 S Cu e 18 CuFeS 2
+ + +
+
+ +

+ +
4.
4 2 4 2 2 2 2 x
SO H SO Na I O H SO NaIO + + + +
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
4 2 4 2 2 2 2 x
6 4
2
1 x 2
SO H 2 x 2 SO Na I O H 2 x 2 SO 1 x 2 NaIO 2
1 x 2 S e 2 S
I e 2 x 4 I 2
+ + + +

+
+ +
+
5.
CO KCl C KClO
4
+ +
CO 4 KCl C 4 KClO
4 C e 2 C
1 Cl e 8 Cl
3
2
1 7
+ +

+
+
+
Cu 3.
1. Lp biu thc tnh tc phn ng.
[ ] [ ] [ ]
z y
3
x
H IO I k V
+

Th cc gi tr nng thch hp mi th nghim:

[ ] [ ] [ ]
z y x
01 , 0 1 , 0 01 , 0 k 6 , 0
[ ] [ ] [ ]
z y x
01 , 0 1 , 0 04 , 0 k 4 , 2
[ ] [ ] [ ]
z y x
01 , 0 3 , 0 01 , 0 k 4 , 5
[ ] [ ] [ ]
z y x
02 , 0 1 , 0 01 , 0 k 4 , 2
T ta xc nh c x = 1; y = 2; z = 2
2. Tnh hng s tc
k = 6.10
-7
3.
R T
E
2
R T
E
1
2 1
e . A k ; e . A k


RT
E E
k
k
ln
2 1
1
2

Th cc gi tr vo biu thc:
1 2
1
2
k 6 , 56 k
298 314 , 8
1000 10
k
k
ln

Vy vn tc phn ng tng 56,6 ln.

Cu 4.
1. Tnh pH ca dung dch M(NO
3
)
3
K
a
>> K
W
nn b qua s phn ly ca nc.
M
3+
+ H
2
O M(OH)
2+
+ H
+
K
a
=5.10
-3
Ban u 0,01
Phn ng x x x
Cn bng 0,01-x x x
( ) [ ][ ]
[ ]
3
2
3
2
a
10 . 5
x 01 , 0
x
M
H OH M
K

+
+ +

3 5 3 2
10 . 5 x 0 10 . 5 x 10 . 5 x

+

[ ] 301 , 2 10 . 5 lg pH M 10 . 5 H
3 3

+
2. Gi C l nng ban u ca M(NO
3
)
3
v y nng ca H
+
lc cn bng:
M
3+
+ H
2
O M(OH)
2+
+ H
+
K
a
=5.10
-3
Ban u C
Cn bng C-y y y
( ) [ ] [ ]
[ ]
( ) 1 10 . 5
y C
y
M
H OH M
K
3
2
3
2
a

+
+ +

bt u xut hin kt ta:
[ ][ ]
37
3
3
10 OH M
+

( ) ( ) 2 10
y
10
y C
37
14

,
_

Gii (1) v (2) ta c: y = 2.10

-3
v C = 3,8.10
-3
pH = - lg2.10
-3
= 2,7
Cu 5.
1. Tnh K
p
v G
0
Gi a l nng ban u ca NOCl, ta c:
2NOCl (k) 2NO (k) + Cl
2
(k)
Ban u a 0 0
Cn bng: (a-0,27a) 0,27a 0,27a
2
P
2
2
2
NOCL
Cl
2
NO
P
10 . 63 , 1 K
a 135 , 1
a 73 , 0
a 135 , 1
a 135 , 0
a 135 , 1
a 27 , 0
P
P
P . P
K
2

,
_

,
_

,
_

G
0
= 8,314.100.ln(1,63.10
-2
)
J 7 , 17112 G
0
500

2.
P n P
i i

atm 634 , 0 1
a 135 , 1
a 73 , 0
P
n
n
P
1
NOCl
NOCl

atm 238 , 0 1
a 135 , 1
a 27 , 0
P
NO

atm 119 , 0 P
2
1
P
NO Cl
2

3. Gim p sutca h xung th cn bng b dch chuyn t tri sang phi, v phn ng
c n > 0, do s phn hy NOCl tng ln.
Cu 6.
1. Hn hp X tc dng vi HCl:
y y
H MCl HCl 2 M
x 5 , 1 x
H
2
3
AlCl HCl 3 Al
2 2
2 3
+ +
+ +
Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
3 3
2 3 3 2
3 3 3 3
HNO AgCl AgNO HCl
) NO ( M AgCl 2 AgNO 2 MCl
) NO ( Al AgCl 3 AgNO 3 AlCl
+ +
+ +
+ +
mol 125 , 0
5 , 143
9373 , 17
n n
AgCl HCl

C
M
dung dch HCl =
M 25 , 1
1 , 0
125 , 0

2. Gi x, y ln lt l s mol Al, M trong 1,08 gam hn hp.

( )
( )

'

+
+
2 0 5 2 5 , 0
4 , 2 2
1 7 6 , 1
y x 5 , 1
1 0 8 , 1 M y x 2 7

18 M
135 , 0
y

Do y > 0 nn M > 18
Mt khc: y > x
43 , 24 M
3
y 2 105 , 0
y <

>
18 < M <24,43
Vy M l Mg.
Ht.